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Ghulam Haidar Khan High School is an all-boys school located in Khair Khana, Kabul, Afghanistan. The school is named after Afghan Prince Ghulam Haidar Khan, son of Emir Dost Mohammad Khan, who fought against the British forces in the July 1839 Battle of Ghazni during the First Anglo-Afghan War. It has about 10,000 students from seven to twelfth grade in four shifts. History The original school name was "Saboor e Shaheed" when the school built until after the Dr. Najeebullah's government 1992. Displaced families were accommodated in the school in the 1990s. Staff Asadullah Kohistani - Principal Mashooq Khan, chemistry teacher and also the science laborant Ali sina Mustafa, assistant Principal Fazel Rahman Fazel, assistant Principal Khal Mohammad Shejaye assistant Principal Agha Sahib, assistant Principal Esmat Subhani, Lecturer - English Language Dad ul haq Khan, Lecturer - Pashtoo Language Abdul Muneer Rueen (He is also the founder of Teacher Rueen High Educational Center in Khairkhana, Kabul.) Mehraban Saheb, Lecturer - Dari Language Laila Safi, Lecturer - Computer Science Shukoor Khan, Lecturer - Islamic Religion (Olom Deeni) Qadeer Khan, Lecturer - Chemistry Abdulhakim Barkzai, Lecturer - Mathematics Zarghuna Jaan, Lecturer - English Language Sajadullah Safi - newspaper manager See also Education in Afghanistan List of schools in Kabul Kabul References External links "A tale of hope in Kabul", Al Jazeera, 20 November 2010 Schools in Kabul
Gymnocarpium oyamense is a species of fern in the oak-fern genus Gymnocarpium, family Aspleniaceae. It is found from Nepal to China and Japan and on to New Guinea. It has gained the Royal Horticultural Society's Award of Garden Merit as an ornamental. References oyamense Ferns of Asia Flora of Nepal Flora of East Himalaya Flora of Tibet Flora of North-Central China Flora of South-Central China Flora of Southeast China Flora of Taiwan Flora of Japan Flora of the Philippines Flora of the Maluku Islands Flora of New Guinea Plants described in 1933
Major-General Robert Hutchison, 1st Baron Hutchison of Montrose, (5 September 1873 – 13 June 1950), was a Scottish soldier and Liberal politician. Background Hutchison was the son of Alexander Hutchison, of Braehead, Kirkcaldy, Fife. His younger brother Sir Balfour Hutchison (1889–1967) was a lieutenant general in the British Army. Military career Hutchison was a lieutenant in the Fife Artillery, a Militia regiment, when he received a regular commission as a second lieutenant in the 7th Dragoon Guards on 10 February 1900. He was promoted to lieutenant on 3 October 1900. The following year he was seconded to the Imperial Yeomanry, serving in the Second Boer War in South Africa, where he was appointed lieutenant and adjutant of the 12th Battalion on 25 November 1901, with the temporary rank of captain from the same day. He relinquished his appointment as adjutant and his temporary appointment as captain on 12 May 1902, shortly before the end of the war, and left Cape Town the following month, returning home on SS Plassy. In late August he was back with his regiment. He was promoted to the substantive rank of captain with the 11th Hussars in 1905 and major with the 4th Dragoon Guards in 1912. He was a General Staff Officer, 3rd Grade, 1912–1914, and promoted to 2nd Grade in 1914. He served in the First World War as General Staff Officer, 1st Grade, 1915–1917; temporary major general and Director of Organisation at the War Office from May 1917 to 1919; DAG 1919. He was Mentioned in Despatches six times, and awarded the Distinguished Service Order in 1915, appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1918, and knighted as a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1919. He was also awarded the Belgian Order of the Crown and Croix de guerre, the French Legion of Honour, and the American Army Distinguished Service Medal. He retired in 1923. Political career Hutchison was National Liberal Member of Parliament for Kirkcaldy Burghs from 1922 to 1923, Liberal member for Montrose Burghs from 1924 to 1931 and Liberal National member for that constituency from 1931 to 1932. He served as Scottish National Liberal Whip in 1923, as a Liberal Whip from 1924 to 1926 and as Chief Liberal Whip from 1926 to 1930. On his retirement from the House of Commons in 1932, he was raised to the peerage as Baron Hutchison of Montrose, of Kirkcaldy in the County of Fife. He later served under Stanley Baldwin and Neville Chamberlain as Paymaster General from 1935 to 1938 and was appointed a Privy Counsellor in 1937. Apart from his military and political careers he was a director of the National Bank of Australasia, Phœnix Assurance Co., and other business interests. Personal life Lord Hutchison of Montrose married firstly Agnes, daughter of William Drysdale, in 1905. After her death he married secondly Alma, daughter of W. G. Cowes, in 1942. He died in June 1950, aged 76, when the barony became extinct. References External links 1873 births 1950 deaths Hutchison of Montrose, Robert Hutchison, 1st Baron British Army cavalry generals of World War I British Army personnel of the Second Boer War Companions of the Distinguished Service Order Companions of the Order of the Bath Foreign recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (United States) Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George Recipients of the Legion of Honour Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Scottish constituencies Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom Recipients of the Croix de guerre (Belgium) Recipients of the Order of the Crown (Belgium) UK MPs 1922–1923 UK MPs 1924–1929 UK MPs 1929–1931 UK MPs 1931–1935 UK MPs who were granted peerages National Liberal Party (UK, 1922) politicians National Liberal Party (UK, 1931) politicians Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army) Barons created by George V Ministers in the Chamberlain peacetime government, 1937–1939
Ring of Curse, released in Japan as , is a 2011 Japanese horror film directed by Mari Asato. It is based on the 2011 cell phone novel Gomen Nasai by Yuka Hidaka. The film stars the Japanese idol girl group Buono! The film was released in theaters nationwide in Japan on October 29, 2011. Plot A girl, Yuka Hidaka, attends school with a black-haired girl named Hinako Kurohane. Kurohane gets great grades in school, but is constantly labeled as a black sheep, as she is regarded as strange and unworldly to others at school and in public, and neglected by her parents who favor her kid sister, Kana over her at home. One day, Kurohane finds out that she has cancer, but still, her mother does not care. Kurohane curses Kana, who starts having trouble breathing and dies within a month as a result of the curse. Kurohane attempts the same with her mother but proves to no effect, so she enters a competition to improve her skills. Her school life did not go so well because her classmates led by class president Sonada Shiori were mean to her, and often became a victim of their cruel bullying. She saw her opportunity for revenge when she was selected to write a script for a play in the school festival. She started cursing her class mates one by one. The only one that realized the curse was Yuka. She tried to stop Kurohane by talking to her, but to no avail. Kurohane's curse was also discovered by Sonada, whom she wanted to kill, so she tried a different way to kill her. One day, Sonada transferred to another school, but appeared several days later to kill Kurohane, and then killed herself, not because she wanted to, but because she was cursed by Kurohane. At that point, Kurohane's curses were so strong that a person would lose command and kill herself. The new source Kurohane used to place curses appeared in the form of text messages. She also sent a text to Yuka, but she never read it. Time passed and Yuka was with her new classmates, telling them the story of Kurohane. They stole Yuka's cell phone and saw the text message Kurohane had sent to her, including Yuka. Then, one by one, Yuka's classmates started dying, leaving Yuka alone. And that is when she ultimately realizes that the only way to save herself is to get more and more people to read the words of Kurohane. She killed people randomly, so Yuka wrote a short story with Kurohane's words in it and posted it online, increasing her time to live. Cast Airi Suzuki as Yuka Hidaka Miyabi Natsuyaki as Hinako Kurohane Momoko Tsugunaga as Shiori Sonoda Chisato Okai as Chika's sister Itsuki Sagara as Chiharu Arisa Komiya as Yoko Fujita Tomomi Miyashita as female teacher Riko Matsumura (松村理子) Karen Ishida (石田佳蓮) Chihiro Nagase (永瀬千裕) Airi Suzuki (鈴木愛吏) Yoko Kita (喜多陽子) Nami Isogai (磯貝奈美) Ayame Iwasaki (岩崎あやめ) Taiki Yamazaki Takeru Ogawa (小川尊) Shoko Nakahara (中原翔子) Hiroaki Kawatsure (川連廣明) Production Author Yuka Hidaka originally published the story online on the website Maho no iLand in 2011 as a cell phone novel. Over 800,000 people subscribed to the story. ASCII Media Works announced in a press release on July 11, 2011 that the novel would receive a live-action adaptation starring the members of the Japanese idol girl group Buono!, consisting of Momoko Tsugunaga, Miyabi Natsuyaki, and Airi Suzuki, in their debut starring film. The film was directed by Mari Asato. The theme song of the film is "Deep Mind" by Buono!. Reception Mark Schilling from The Japan Times described the beginning of the film with a "standard issue 'bully the strange girl in class' story line", but mentioned that it takes a "scarily fresh turn" when the bullied character takes revenge on her classmates. References External links 2011 films 2011 horror films Buono! Fiction about curses Films directed by Mari Asato Japanese supernatural horror films Novels first published online 2010s Japanese films
Alfred Church Lane (January 29, 1863 – April 15, 1948) was an American geologist and teacher. Born in Boston, Alfred C. Lane was educated at Harvard University and received his A.B. degree in 1883. Between 1883 and 1885 he taught mathematics at Harvard, then studied at the University of Heidelberg until 1887 before returning to Harvard to earn his Ph.D. in 1888. The following year he joined the Michigan State Geologic Survey as a petrographer, and he remained in that post into 1892 while also serving as an instructor at the Michigan College of Mines. He became assistant state geologist for Michigan in 1892, and from 1899 to 1909 he was the state geologist. Finally, he joined Tufts College in 1892, becoming the Pearson professor of geology and mineralogy. He retired from the college in 1936 as professor emeritus. While at Tufts, he served as vice president of the AAAS Division of Geology in 1907. He received an honorary D.Sc. from Tufts in 1913. From 1922 and 1946 he was chairman for the Committee on the Measurement of Geologic Time for the National Research Council. He served as a member of the Board of Visitors at Harvard Observatory in 1924. Alfred Lane was appointed as consultant of science to the Library of Congress in 1929; the first person to hold that post. In 1931, he was president of the Geological Society of America. He was awarded the Ballou Medal by Tufts College in 1940 for "distinguished service to education and the nation". During his career, he authored 1,087 publications. References 1863 births 1948 deaths American geologists Harvard University alumni Tufts University faculty People from Boston Heidelberg University alumni Harvard College Observatory people Presidents of the Geological Society of America
Vinicio "Chico" García Uzcanga (24 December 1924 – 17 August 2007) was a Mexican second baseman. He played in Major League Baseball for the Baltimore Orioles during the 1954 season. Listed at 5' 8", 170 lb., García batted and threw right-handed. He was born in Veracruz City, Mexico. Outside of MLB, García enjoyed a distinguished baseball career that spanned five different decades as a player from 1946 to 1970 and as manager from 1966 to 1984. Career A solid infielder and contact hitter, García played nine Triple-A seasons in the Arizona-Texas and American Association leagues and one season in Cuban baseball, before serving as a backup infielder for the Orioles in the American League. He won four minor league batting titles in the Arizona-Texas League (1949), Mexican Gulf League (1950, 1951) and Mexican League (1963). Following his playing career, García managed in Mexico from 1966 through 1984, winning four championship titles in the Mexican Pacific League (LMP) for Tomateros de Culiacán in 1966–67 and 1969–70, Algodoneros de Guasave in 1971–72 and Cañeros de Los Mochis in 1983–84. García ranks as the second most winning manager of the LMP and it is the only manager to have won Mexican Pacific League titles with three different franchises. He also managed Monterrey, Veracruz, Sabinas, Jalisco, Monclova and Nuevo Laredo in the Mexican League. In 1981, he gained Mexican Baseball Hall of Fame honors. Vinicio Garcia was married to Carolyn Foshee (who died in 1995) and has two sons, Jerry Vinicio and David and also has two daughters, Becky and Carolyn Lee. García died on 16 August 2007 in Monterrey, Nuevo León, Mexico at age 82. Highlights 1949 - Led Arizona-Texas League in runs, hits, triples and batting average (.377). 1963 - At 38 age, won his second batting title in the Mexican League (.368) and hit a career-high 21 home runs. His minor league career totals show a .306 average over 2,803 games. As a second baseman for the Baltimore Orioles he played 39 games and his batting stats are: 62 AB, 6 R, 7 H, 2 3B, 5 RBI, 8 BB, 3 SO, 1 SF, 0.113 Avg., 0.211 OBP, 0.177 SLG. Fielding stats: 245 G, 105 TC, 4.4 TC/G, 101 CH, 57 PO, 44 A, 4 E, 15 DP, 0.962 FLD %. He coached the Mexican League team Sultanes de Monterrey for 260 games, reaching a winning percentage of .430 in three seasons. The number he used with the Sultanes de Monterrey team from 1965-1965 & 1970 was retired on 06/11/1999. He is the Sultanes player with most All-Star games played with this team (14). He is the title second baseman in the All-Time players team of the Sultanes de Monterrey. With the Sultanes de Monterrey 4 times was top scorer and 2B batter, three times leader in batting, two times in games played and hits batted and one time lead the team in times at bat and home runs. Was inducted in the Mexico Hall of Fame of Baseball in 1981, the 14th Sultanes player in the Mexican HOF. References External links Chico García - Baseballbiography.com Retrosheet Mexican Baseball Hall of Fame 1924 births 2007 deaths Angeles de Puebla players Baseball players from Veracruz Baltimore Orioles players Caribbean Series managers Corpus Christi Aces players Dallas Rangers players Diablos Rojos del México players Indianapolis Indians players Indios de Ciudad Juárez (minor league) players Major League Baseball players from Mexico Major League Baseball second basemen Mexican Baseball Hall of Fame inductees Mexican expatriate baseball players in the United States Mexican League baseball second basemen Minor league baseball managers Shreveport Sports players Sultanes de Monterrey players Tigres del México players Toledo Sox players Tuneros de San Luis Potosí players Rojos del Águila de Veracruz players Wichita Braves players Sportspeople from Veracruz (city)
Events The "Concert des Amateurs" is founded by François-Joseph Gossec. Ballet is performed the first time in Oslo by Madame Stuart. Musikalisches Vielerley is published; a collection of pieces from various composers, edited by CPE Bach. (Hamburg: Michael Christian Bock) Classical music Carl Philipp Emanuel Bach – Fantasia in D minor, H.224 Johann Christian Bach 6 Keyboard Concertos, Op. 7 6 Quartets, Op. 8 Luigi Boccherini – Cello Concerto in D major, G.479 Joseph Haydn – Baryton Trio in A major, Hob.XI:2 Gabriele Leone – Six sonatas for mandolin and bass marked with signs according to the new method, Op. 2 Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart – Symphony 11 Pietro Nardini – Sonatas for 2 Flutes/Violins and Basso Continuo Methods and theory writings Johann Caspar Heck – The Art of Playing the Harpsichord John Holden – An Essay Towards a Rational System of Music Operas Christoph Willibald Gluck – Paride ed Elena, Wq.39 Published popular music William Billings – The New England Psalm Singer, featuring the song Chester. Births February 18 – Christian Heinrich Rinck, composer (died 1846) February 20 – Ferdinando Carulli, composer (died 1841) February 22 – Jan Matyas Nepomuk August Vitasek, composer (died 1839) February 26 – Antoine Reicha, composer (died 1836) May 19 – Antoine-Charles Glachant, violinist and composer (died 1851) June 4 – James Hewitt, composer (died 1827) November 8 – Friedrich Witt, composer (died 1836) November 29 – Peter Hänsel, composer December 13 – John Clarke-Whitfeld, composer (died 1836) December 15 or December 16 (baptized on December 17) – Ludwig van Beethoven, composer and pianist (died 1827) December 17 – Johann Friedrich Schubert, composer Deaths February 26 – Giuseppe Tartini, violinist and composer, 77 April 19 – Esprit Antoine Blanchard, composer, 74 May 9 – Charles Avison, composer, 61 October 1 – Louis-Gabriel Guillemain, composer, 64 December 9 – Gottlieb Muffat, organist and composer, 80 December 13 – Johann Heinrich Hartmann Bätz, organ-builder, 61 References 18th century in music Music by year
Hascall Hall is a historic institutional building located on the campus of Colgate University at Hamilton in Madison County, New York. It was built in 1884 and is a two-story stone building with brick trim measuring 40 feet by 70 feet. An addition was completed in 1906. The original section features a hipped roof of slate, eyebrow windows, and a large semicircular archway entrance. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 as the Old Biology Hall. It shares its Richardsonian Romanesque architectural style with the Colgate Administration Building. Probably the most significant science student ever to attend classes in this building, referred to commonly as "Old Bio", was Oswald Avery, class of 1900, who discovered that DNA was responsible for the transference of genetic information while later working on carefully executed experiments at the Rockefeller Institute on specimens of pneumonia found in victims of the 1918 flu outbreak. Although not well known for his work, he is credited with one of the most significant discoveries of the 20th century. Many people confuse Crick and Watson with the discovery of DNA, but in fact they discovered the helical structure and not the existence and purpose of DNA. After Olin hall was built at the end of the Colgate quadrangle for the biological sciences, "Old Bio" was used as an art studio in the 1970s. It was slated for demolition in 1975 but students protested around the rallying cry "Save Old Bio." T-shirts for protesters to wear during protests were printed in the "Old Bio" art studios. The protests were successful and the building was preserved. The interior was later renovated, converted back into small classrooms, and renamed Hascall Hall. The building is now home to Colgate's Philosophy department. References School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state) Richardsonian Romanesque architecture in New York (state) School buildings completed in 1884 Colgate University National Register of Historic Places in Madison County, New York
Karl Ludwig Grünne, Count of (Graf von) Pinchard (25 August 1808, Vienna - 15 June 1884, Baden bei Wien) was an Austro-Hungarian general. Biography Karl Ludwig von Grünne was born as the only son and second child of Count Philipp Ferdinand von Grünne-Pinchart (1762-1854) and his wife, Baroness Rosalie van der Feltz (1779-1811). His sisters were Princess Rosalie von und zu Liechtenstein (1805-1841) and Countess Zoe von Wallmoden-Gimborn (1810-1894). Career Grünne joined his father's uhlan regiment in 1828. He rose to major in 1838 and colonel and head of Archduke Stephen's court in 1843. He was a favourite of Archduchess Sophie and was thus a strong influence on the young Archduke Franz Joseph. He was appointed to the Austrian Empire's privy council in 1847 and in August the following year became Obersthofmeister to Franz Joseph. On 19 October 1848 he was made a major general and when Franz Joseph became emperor on 2 December the same year, he made Grünne his chief adjutant and head of his military chancellery. On 12 July 1850, Grünne was promoted to Lieutenant Field Marshal. After Austro-Hungary was defeated in the 1859 Sardinian War, the people and the army mainly placed the blame on Grünne. The emperor wrote him a handwritten letter on 20 October 1859 dismissing him from his post as chief adjutant but making him a colonel and a Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Stephen. Grünne also successfully petitioned the emperor to retain his role as captain of the gendarmerie guards. Grünne gained promotion to Cavalry General on 22 November 1864. On 23 August 1865, Grünne was put in command of No. 1 Uhlan Regiment. In 1865, Grünne was made a Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece and he also held the post of colonel-equerry until 3 November 1875, on which date he retired from it due to poor health. He spent the summer months of his retirement in Baden bei Wien in complete seclusion. In 1883, Grünne was made a member of the Empire's Herrenhaus, but missed several meetings, again due to his health. He was still held in high esteem by the royal family and was visited at home by Franz Joseph, his son Crown Prince Rudolf and Rudolf's wife Stéphanie. Later years In his later years, Grünne separated from his wife Caroline, Countess of Trauttmansdorff-Weinsberg (1808-1886), whom he had married in 1831, by private arrangement rather than by a legal decision. They had three daughters and two sons - Philip became a lieutenant and Rudolph a colonel. Grünne's funeral was held in the Frauenkirche, Maria die Glorreiche in Baden bei Wien (then the court church) and his body was then buried in the family vault at Dobersberg on 19 June 1884. References 1808 births 1884 deaths Austro-Hungarian generals Military personnel from Vienna Counts of Austria Knights of the Golden Fleece of Austria Grand Crosses of the Order of Saint Stephen of Hungary Obersthofmeister
Ignacio Carrasco de Paula (born 25 October 1937) is a Spanish prelate of the Catholic Church. He has been a bishop since 2010. He was the president of the Pontifical Academy for Life from 2010 to 2016. Life Early life and priesthood Carrasco de Paula was born in Barcelona, Spain. He was ordained a priest for the Personal Prelature of Opus Dei on 8 August 1966 at the age of 28. From 1984 he was professor of moral theology at the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross and from 1984 to 1994 he was the rector of the university. He was also director of the Bioethics Institute of the Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore in Rome and is a member of the ethics committee of the experimentation clinic at the Gemelli Policlinic in Rome. He began working a consultor for the Academy for Life when it was established by Pope John Paul II in 1994. He served as its chancellor from 3 January 2005 until his appointment as president on 30 June 2010. He said his immediate focus would be on two subjects–post abortion syndrome and umbilical cord banks–and he criticised Spain's recently enacted legislation legalizing abortion. Episcopate On 15 September 2010, Pope Benedict XVI named him Titular Bishop of Thapsus. He received his episcopal ordination from Cardinal Tarcisio Bertone on 9 October. In October 2010 Bishop Carrasco de Paula criticised a decision to award the Nobel Prize for Medicine to Robert Edwards for his work on in vitro fertilization. Carrasco de Paula said: "I find the choice of Robert Edwards completely out of order. Without Edwards, there would not be a market on which millions of ovocytes are sold ... and there would not be a large number of freezers filled with embryos in the world. In the best of cases they are transferred into a uterus, but most probably they will end up abandoned or dead, which is a problem for which the new Nobel Prize winner is responsible." In August 2011, Carrasco de Paula said, "The reaction to the news of becoming a mother should return to being what it has always been, a reaction of joy" that leads us to say "congratulations". He added that the response to a mother should not be "'I'm so sorry,' like we say to people who get sick." He added that the focus in 2011 has been on three areas: post-abortion trauma, umbilical cord banks and treatments for infertility. Regarding post-abortion trauma, he said it is necessary that the condition be "defined as well as whether or not there is a cure". In 2012, Professor Josef Seifert, a member of the Academy sharply criticised the leadership of the Academy for its sponsoring a February 2012 conference on infertility and stem cell research, which the Academy had not organized itself, which included speakers who appeared to endorse techniques and methods condemned by the Church. Carrasco de Paula first responded in kind in April and then on 8 May apologized to the members of the academy. He wrote that when he criticised "some pro-life activists" he had employed "unfortunate phrasing which, if misunderstood, could have offended the sensibilities of some persons". He added that he had not meant "to show any disrespect, and certainly not to those with whom we have been collaborating closely and gratefully for years in favour of human life and of its defense." Pope Francis named Archbishop Vincenzo Paglia to succeed Carrasco de Paula as president of the Academy on 17 August 2016. References External links Living people 1937 births Spanish Roman Catholic titular bishops Spanish anti-abortion activists Pontifical Academy for Life Opus Dei members Academic staff of the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross
The Alton River Dragons are a collegiate summer baseball team located in Alton, Illinois. They were founded in 2020 and began play in 2021 as members of the Prospect League. History On January 29, 2020, the Prospect League of collegiate summer baseball announced that Alton, Illinois had been granted a franchise for the upcoming season. Alton previously hosted a minor league team when the 1917 Alton Blues played as members of the Illinois-Indiana-Iowa League. The franchise owner was announced as Steve Marso, who had owned previous franchises in summer collegiate baseball. Dallas Martz was hired as the Alton General Manager. The "River Dragons" moniker was announced for the Alton franchise on August 14, 2020. The name was chosen after a public vote. On November 12, 2020, the Alton River Dragons announced the hiring of Darrell Handelsman to manage the 2021 Alton team. The Alton franchise had previously hired Brock Moss to manage the first team, but Moss had since accepted a position at Texas A&M International University, making him unavailable to coach Alton in the summer. During the River Dragons second season in 2022, the team set a Prospect League record with 210 stolen bases. The River Dragon's Eddie King, Jr. from the University of Louisville was named the Mike Schmidt Prospect League Player of the Year. King, Jr. led the league with 15 home runs and stole 31 bases in 2022. Blake Burris set a new Prospect League record with 47 stolen bases and was the league batting champion, batting .361 for the season. On September 21, 2022, it was announced that Darrell Handelsman was stepping down as Head Coach. On October 5, 2022, the River Dragons announced the hiring of Richard "Scotty" Scott as the team's next Head Coach. After going 15-29 Head Coach Scotty Scott was replaced by River Dragons General Manager Dallas Martz to finish out the 2023 season. Under Martz'z watch the River Dragons finished the season 5-7. Steve Maddock of Frisco, TX was named the River Dragons 2024 Head Coach. Stadium The Alton River Dragons play at Lloyd Hopkins Field in Gordon Moore Park. Renovations were discussed for the ballpark in anticipation of the 2021 season. The ballpark had previously hosted the Bluff City Bombers of the Central Illinois Collegiate League. The ballpark is located at 98 Arnold Palmer Road, Cottage Hills, Illinois, 62018. Seasons Roster References External links Alton River Dragons official site Prospect League official site 2020 establishments in Illinois Amateur baseball teams in Illinois Prospect League teams Baseball teams established in 2020 Alton, Illinois
Theodore Bernard Sachs (May 2, 1868 – April 2, 1916) was an American physician and lawyer. He was elected president of the National Tuberculosis Association at the Eleventh Annual Meeting held in Seattle, Washington, in June, 1915. But his death on April 2, 1916 prevented his serving his full term. He had already served the Association as vice-president from 1913 to 1914. Early years Born in Dinaberg, Russian Empire, May 2, 1868, the son of Bernard and Sophie Sachs, he was graduated from the Kherson High School. In 1891, he received his degree in law from the Odessa University. While at the University, he reported for military duty and was placed on the reserve list in 1887. His removal to America in 1891 was doubtless prompted by a winter's exile, imposed upon him and several fellow-students because of their participation in a debate which did not meet with the approval of the local authorities. After his arrival in the U.S., Sachs determined to study medicine, and gave up his legal career to enter the University of Illinois College of Medicine, from which he graduated in 1895. After two years of work as an intern in the Michael Reese Hospital, he entered general practice, devoting himself particularly to diseases of the lungs. Career In 1901, Sachs was appointed instructor in internal medicine at his alma mater, and in 1903 he was appointed attending physician to Cook County Hospital. Even in the earlier days of his medical career, as a struggling young practitioner endeavoring to gain a foothold, he saw how conditions were with reference to tuberculosis in Chicago at that time, and he could not refrain from doing something to help. At no little sacrifice and expense, he personally made an investigation of the prevalence of tuberculosis in some of the crowded quarters of the city, particularly in the districts where the Jewish population was in evidence. These studies, among the first of their kind, gave Sachs considerable prominence at the Sixth International Congress on Tuberculosis in 1908, and won for him special honorable mention from the jury of awards. Sachs was greatly interested in the Chicago Tuberculosis Institute, which he helped to call into life, and of which he remained one of the most active and representative workers. He served as president of the Institute from January, 1913, until his death. In the early morning of April 2, 1916, he committed suicide by taking an overdose of morphine because "I am simply weary. I cannot bear this longer. It has been too much." He was one of the most ardent advocates of the routine examinations of employees of large establishments. It was largely due to Sachs' influence that Mrs. Keith Spalding donated the funds for the Edward Sanatorium at Naperville, of which institution he became the director and physician in chief. Besides his activities in the Edward Sanatorium, he was attached to the Chicago Winfield Sanatorium, the West Side Dispensary, and the Chicago Municipal Tuberculosis Sanitarium. Concerning his interest in the latter, Dr. Philip P. Jacobs says: Of all the many activities in which he engaged, however, none claimed so large a share of Dr. Sachs' personality and skill as the Chicago Municipal Tuberculosis Sanitarium. In a very real sense the Sanitarium was and is Dr. Sachs. It breathes his personality and his genius from almost every ward and brick. Into it he put his very body and soul. He was active in the passage of the Glackin Law, which made the sanatorium possible. He was a prime mover in the monstrous referendum campaign when hundreds of thousands of people voted 'yes' for the municipal sanatorium. He was the chairman of the Building Committee which secured the site and conceived the sanatorium long before a brick or a stone had been laid, putting into this effort thousands of dollars' worth of time and sacrifice, and countless miles of travel to visit the best institutions that the world provided. Later he became president of the board and its chief administrative director. While the sanatorium was in construction he spent hours daily at no little sacrifice to his practice, so that the people of Chicago should have an institution which would be both of service for the purpose for which it was constructed and which would not squander one dollar of the people's money. In the spring of 1915, a new administration came into office in the city of Chicago, which, it was universally admitted at the time, was responsible for Sachs' untimely death. He had made the Chicago Municipal Sanitarium an ideal institution, but the Thompson administration refused to reappoint him until practically forced to do so by the people of Chicago. Politics finally gained the upper hand, however, and Sachs was forced to resign; but even after his resignation, nefarious politics made life a burden for this brave pioneer who had unselfishly devoted the best years of his life to the welfare of the consumptive poor of the great city of Chicago. In an article entitled "The Civic Martyrdom of Dr. Sachs," Dr. Graham Taylor, the distinguished social worker, says: No altar of civic patriotism ever held a more loyal offering than that on which Dr. Theodore B. Sachs sacrificed himself in life and death to save Chicago's Municipal Tuberculosis Sanitarium from ruthless partisan spoilsmen. In truth, many altars and offerings seemed to unite in that one costly sacrifice. Such supreme devotion to a cause as the Jewish religious spirit can beget, such self-sacrifice as the Russian oppression of the Jew incites, such idealism as only the Orient inspires, such sensitivity as the heritage of suffering weaves into the very texture of the soul, such humanitarian achievements as are possible only in America—all combined to make the achieving life and the tragic death of Dr. Sachs profoundly impressive. His achievements as a clinician and specialist in tuberculosis are equal to his attainments as a propagandist and administrator. He founded the Robert Koch Society for the Study of Tuberculosis, and read before that body a number of interesting and valuable papers on the various phases of tuberculosis science. A few months before his death (February, 1916) he was elected a fellow of the Institute of Medicine in Chicago. His devotion to high ideals, his passionate love for humanity, his integrity and faithfulness to all things which he undertook, are best shown in a passage from his letter of resignation from the Municipal Sanitarium Board, wherein he said: My service to the Sanitarium during the last six years has been prompted by the earnest desire to give the best in me to this community in which I have resided during the last twenty-seven years. ... I have refused to betray the community that has given me confidence. I have great faith in the city of Chicago and its citizens. I have passed through ten months of continuous nightmare in trying to avert the politicalization of a great institution. But I find it impossible to continue. Single-handed at present I cannot fight a big political machine. In this connection the following copy of a letter which Sachs received from his patients at the Edward Sanatorium a few months before his death is significant: We the undersigned patients of the Edward Sanatorium wish to take this privilege of expressing our admiration for the stand you have taken in regard to politics in connection with the Municipal Sanitarium of Chicago—your untiring and unselfish interest in humanity. None of the grossly unjust criticisms of you by anyone who does not know you or your methods will have the slightest influence on us who have implicit confidence in your ability as a practitioner and as a man. The past records of a man who possesses your international reputation cannot be easily tossed aside. The end came at the sanatorium of the Chicago Tuberculosis Institute in the quiet little town of Naperville. There, after his day's work in town, he sought rest all alone in the quiet of the library. And there they found him the next morning, at peace in his last sleep, which he had himself induced. The body of Sachs was interred on the grounds of the Naperville Sanatorium, and on the memorial tablet indicating the site, is the following inscription: In Memory of DR. THEODORE B. SACHS, whose life was spent in disinterested efforts to relieve the condition of the unfortunate, never indifferent to the distress of others, he labored unselfishly and untiringly in their behalf, and this Sanatorium in which ground he sleeps is a monument to his unusual greatness of heart and singleness of purpose. He loved his neighbor as himself and was in truth a good Samaritan. Over the portals of that other monument to Sachs' genius, the Chicago Municipal Tuberculosis Sanitarium, which had become a part of his very life, is the following inscription: "Conceived in boundless love of humanity and made possible by years of toil." References This article incorporates text from Sigard Adolphus Knopf's "A history of the National tuberculosis association: the anti-tuberculosis movement in the United States" (1922), now in the public domain. 1868 births 1916 suicides American pulmonologists American people of Russian-Jewish descent University of Illinois alumni University of Illinois faculty Odesa University alumni People from Naperville, Illinois Suicides in Illinois 1916 deaths Emigrants from the Russian Empire to the United States
The William H. Natcher Federal Building and United States Courthouse (originally the U.S. Post Office and Courthouse) is a courthouse of the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky located in Bowling Green, Kentucky. Built in 1912, the building was renamed for U.S. Representative William Huston Natcher in 1994. It is located at 241 East Main Street. Significance The building is an example of Renaissance Revival architecture, symmetrical in form and with all four facades treated in the same manner. It sits on a rusticated base, and has a crowning cornice and trabeated apertures. Horizontality of detail is exhibited in the continuous bands of molding and in the parapet. It is also of local significance because the limestone was quarried locally by the Bowling Green Quarries Company. The interior spaces of the stairwell, lobby and courtroom are examples of outstanding craftsmanship. The curved marble staircase is original to the 1912 building and is the dominant feature of the building. The lobby retains features of both the 1912 and 1941 periods of construction. The courtroom was designed as a simple, yet elegant, space with paneled wainscot and plaster walls. The building was constructed in 1912 as a U.S. Post Office and Courthouse. As the community grew and the post office expanded, there arose a need for additional postal service space. A one-story addition was built at the west facade in 1941. In the 1960s the postal service moved out and the courts and other federal agencies have occupied the space since that time. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 as part of the Downtown Commercial District. It is significant to the district as an example of Renaissance Revival architecture and as a symbol of the federal presence in the community. It was renamed for Kentucky Congressional Representative William H. Natcher, who served from 1953 to 1994. Architectural description The William H. Natcher Federal Building and U.S. Courthouse in Bowling Green, Kentucky, is a three-story Renaissance Revival white limestone building with a rusticated base. Squared limestone pilasters of minimum projection define the bays. Two bands of molding separate the rusticated base from the rest of the building. Below the limestone parapet is a bracketed, denticulated cornice. The frieze is unembellished except for simple limestone panels at the cap of each slightly projected pilaster. The central door opening at the original east elevation entry is more ornate including a transom which is detailed with high relief carvings of an American spread Eagle resting on a bracketed cartouche. The entry is set within a recessed limestone surround, surmounted by a radiating voussoir with keystone. Windows on the east elevation are divided into five bays. The central bay contains monumental windows at the second and third floor levels, lighting the grand staircase. First and second floor windows are two over two with a two-light transom, and third floor windows are two over two as well. The wood windows are slightly recessed within a limestone surround with a slightly projected keystone and appear to be original. The south elevation has the secondary (now main) entry to the building. The two central first floor apertures of the 1912 building are set within recessed limestone surrounds with radiating voussoirs and keystones. The easternmost of these apertures contains the Center Street entry door. Cast iron lamp posts on granite bases flank the entry door. The remainder of the south elevation is the same as the east, except where the 1941 addition carves through the molded band of glyphs above the first floor level, and the simple molded band which forms the cornice of the addition. The north elevation is the same as the south, with the projecting addition to the west. The lobby, courtroom, and main staircase are significant original interior features. Though the lobby has been significantly altered, it retains the plaster panel ceiling, marble wainscot, and a mural on the south wall. The mural entitled "The Longhunters Discover Daniel Boone" (FA430) was painted in 1942. The courtroom is nearly original in appearance, retaining the oak paneling and original judge's bench and desks. The most distinctive feature of the building, however, is the main staircase. The curved marble stair is at the center of the east side of the building. It begins as a double return stairway leading to a mezzanine landing where it winds into one central stairwell at the second floor level. The staircase then winds into a side stairwell leading to the third floor level. The marble wainscot matches the curvature of the staircase walls. The grand stair lobby is further enhanced by its full three-story height and monumental windows. References Attribution Federal courthouses in the United States Courthouses in Kentucky Government buildings completed in 1912 Buildings and structures in Bowling Green, Kentucky 1912 establishments in Kentucky
A statistical map may refer to: Cartogram Choropleth map Bivariate map See also Thematic map
Bunting Island is the northernmost in a row of islands off Yan District in Kedah, Malaysia. It is also the only one to be linked to the mainland by a bridge. The Bunting Island Bridge connects it to the mainland. See also List of islands of Malaysia Islands of Kedah Yan District
Sulur taluk is a taluk of Coimbatore district of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. The headquarters is the town of Sulur. This revenue block consist of 41 revenue villages. Demographics According to the 2011 census, the taluk of Sulur had a population of 320,406 with 160,677 males and 159,729 females. There were 994 women for every 1,000 men. The taluk had a literacy rate of 73.9%. Child population in the age group below 6 years were 13,678 Males and 13,162 Females. See also Vadambacheri References Taluks of Coimbatore district
Andrea Berta (born 1 January 1972) is an Italian businessman who is sporting director of Atlético Madrid. Career In 2017, Berta was appointed sporting director of Spanish La Liga side Atlético Madrid. References Living people 1972 births Atlético Madrid non-playing staff
Achilus flammeus, the red fungus bug, is a planthopper native to Australia, and accidentally introduced into Auckland, New Zealand. References Hemiptera of Australia Hemiptera of New Zealand Taxa named by William Kirby (entomologist) Insects described in 1818 Achilidae
Warraq () is the Arabic word for stationer or papermaker. Meanings in traditional and Islamic contexts include scribe, publisher, printer, notary and book-copier. Ibn Warraq is a pseudonym that has traditionally been adopted by dissident authors throughout the history of Islam. Arabic words and phrases Islamic terminology
Ned is a derogatory term applied in Scotland to hooligans, louts or petty criminals. Early use of term The Oxford Living Dictionaries dates the term to the early 19th century. Examples are plentiful through the 20th century. Former Chief Constable of Glasgow Sir Percy Sillitoe noted use of the word by gangs and police in the 1930s. Leader columns of newspapers in the 1960s featured the term in relation to teenage gang violence. In a 1962 book, the crime writer and broadcaster Bill Knox referred to stolen cars turning up after having been taken "by a bunch of neds who want transport for some house-breaking job". He publicised the term more widely in his 1970s police report series Crimedesk, made and broadcast by STV. In his 1975 novel Rally to Kill, Knox described "neds" as Glasgow's "tag for small-time hoodlums", saying that "neds" and their families from the Gorbals had been rehoused elsewhere in the city, "taking their violence with them to the new areas". A 1982 analysis of crime fiction notes Knox's 1977 novel Pilot Error describing Strathclyde Police as being unconcerned about "neds" getting hurt in a fight as long as no one else is affected and translates the term as "Glasgow slang for hoods". In his 2002 autobiography Granny Made me an Anarchist, the Glaswegian writer Stuart Christie described the Glasgow "Neds" as preceding the Teddy Boys of 1955 as a hangover from the poverty of the 1930s. These "Neds" had long hair parted in the middle and smoothed down with liquid paraffin, commonly with a "dowt" tucked behind their ear as a fire hazard which in urban legend had resulted in one "Ned" getting severe burns. He describes them as slouching along with their elbows projecting aggressively, wearing a white silk scarf tucked into their tightly buttoned jacket, and carrying a cut-throat razor in its breast pocket. Over this, on outings for a fight or a dance, they allegedly wore an old tweed overcoat with weapons such as hatchets or hammers concealed in the lining. According to Christie, the "Teds" who followed them also had a reputation for wild behaviour, but were too concerned about their clothes to engage in aggression. Ned culture In 2003, the Scottish Socialist Party MSP Rosie Kane tabled a question to the Scottish Parliament condemning use of the word ned which she said was degrading and insulting to young people as it stood for non-educated delinquent. This is a widespread folk etymology, but appears to be a backronym arising long after the term came into use. The English made alcoholic drink Buckfast is also very popular in Scotland and often associated with Ned culture. A 2011 study using ethnography as a methodology of linguistic research found working-class adolescent males in a high school in the south side of Glasgow deploying a number of distinct social identities: those identified as "neds" by themselves and others "alternatives" (sometimes called "Goths" or "Moshers") who enjoyed rock music and wore black clothes "sports" who enjoyed football and rugby and wore trainers and sports clothing "schoolies" who generally did not play sports but played musical instruments. Many pupils in the study distanced themselves from the stereotypes. Each group had a characteristic way of speaking and used this to create social identity. Those in the "ned" category, for example, lowered tones in words such as "cat" and extended the vowels. This in itself was insufficient to identify someone as being a "ned": consideration of clothing and social activities was also needed. Both the "neds" and the "sports" had an attitude of enjoying engaging in physical violence while the "schoolies" avoided violence, but antisocial behaviour was often only carried out by a small minority of adolescents. The "neds" were just as concerned about violence and crime as the other groups, but, unlike them, socialised in the street rather than being engaged in the school culture. In Dundee, the Roma word gadgie (a non-Roma man) has been used historically; however, ned has been introduced by popular culture. In all other parts of Scotland and in parts of northeast England (particularly Newcastle upon Tyne), gadgie remains current with its Roma meaning. British psychologist Adrian Raine has expressed contempt for what he feels is the glorification of ned culture in the Scottish media. He has also opined that ned culture is closely correlated with psychopathy. By 2006, the term chav from the South of England was used across the United Kingdom with ned often seen as the synonymous Scottish term. Other local terms are "schemies" in Edinburgh and "scallies" in Liverpool. In popular culture Neds became a staple of Scottish comedy and neddish characters feature in sketch shows such as Chewin' the Fat, Limmy's Show, and Burnistoun, and sitcom Still Game. Scottish soap opera River City has featured neds such as Shellsuit Bob. Neds is a 2010 film by director Peter Mullan which won best film at the San Sebastian Film Festival in September 2010. A 2020 Graeme Armstrong novel, The Young Team, set in Airdrie, North Lanarkshire a few miles east of Glasgow and narrated by a gang member in the local dialect, focuses on the 'ned culture' of the region in the early 21st century. See also Chav Flaite Football casuals Dres Glasgow gangs Gopnik Skeet (Newfoundland) Suedehead References External links Chewin the Fat - Neducation Class-related slurs Scottish words and phrases Stereotypes of the working class Working-class culture in the United Kingdom Youth culture in the United Kingdom Socioeconomic stereotypes
Apamea perpensa is a moth of the family Noctuidae. Apamea (moth) Moths described in 1881 Taxa named by Augustus Radcliffe Grote
Augustine H. Williams (1870 – October 14, 1890) was an American baseball player who was a pitcher for the 1890 Brooklyn Gladiators in the American Association. He died the same year he made his major league appearances. External links 1870 births 1890 deaths Major League Baseball pitchers 19th-century baseball players Brooklyn Gladiators players Baseball players from New York (state) Jersey City Skeeters players Burials at Calvary Cemetery (Queens)
Freedom Wings, known in Japan as , is a flight simulator developed by Taito and published by Natsume Inc. in the US and Zoo Digital Publishing in Europe. The game combined elements of flight simulators and RPGs as players earned experience points for combat, earn money and maintain other statuses. Story The game takes place on an alternate Earth in an era resembling the 1940s. Air pirates have taken to the skies and have placed fear into the hearts of others worldwide. The player assumes the role of a nameless, faceless pilot whose parents were murdered by air pirates, motivating the character to join the Air Patrol Association (APA), a squadron of mercenary pilots hired to clear the skies of air pirate activity. Gameplay Freedom Wings features a primarily stylus based interface; players had to maintain speed, altitude, direct the plane and select all options with the stylus (although a manual maneuvering mode was optional). The rest of the plane's functions such as switching targets, firing and viewing radar screen were dependent on the DS buttons. The game forced players to limit their flying time; the longer the player stayed out flying, the more the fuel would deplete, forcing the pilot to head for the nearest friendly airfield to refuel. From headquarters, players could save their game, take off alone or connect the game to wireless multiplayer mode. The players were urged to go to the airport café where they got new information on where larger air pirate targets were located through other characters. One major point in the game was shop where players could spend their money on new parts and equipment, (which varied depending on which airfield the player was on at the time), resulting in better combat and flight performance. References Notes 2006 video games Alternate history video games Combat flight simulators Taito games Natsume Inc. games Nintendo DS games Nintendo DS-only games Flight simulation video games Multiplayer and single-player video games Video games developed in Japan
Ralph Inman (1713–1788) was a merchant in 18th-century Boston, Massachusetts, with a residence in Cambridge. During the American Revolution he supported the British. Portraits of Inman were made by Robert Feke and John Singleton Copley. See also Inman Square References Further reading Rules of incorporation for the Society for Encouraging Industry and Employing the Poor. Boston: 1754. The constitution of a Christian church illustrated in a sermon at the opening of Christ-Church in Cambridge on Thursday 15 October, MDCCLXI. By East Apthorp, M.A. late Fellow of Jesus College in the University of Cambridge. 1761. A state of the importations from Great-Britain into the port of Boston, from the beginning of Jan. 1769, to Aug. 17th 1769. With the advertisements of a set of men who assumed to themselves the title of "All the well disposed merchants," who entered into a solemn agreement, (as they called it) not to import goods from Britain, and who undertook to give a "true account" of what should be imported by other persons. The whole taken from the Boston chronicle, in which the following papers were first published. Boston: 1769. An Address of the gentlemen and principal inhabitants of the town of Boston, to His Excellency Governor Gage. Boston: 1775. Image gallery 1713 births 1788 deaths Businesspeople from Boston 18th century in Boston American Loyalists from Massachusetts Inman Square
Aline da Silva Ferreira (born 18 October 1986) is a female wrestler from Brazil. She became the 2014 Vice-World Champion in the 75 kg weight class. Early life Ferreira first began learning judo as a teenager in her hometown of São Paulo, Brazil. After two years, she switched in 2001 to wrestling. She belongs to the Sesi Osasco São Paulo club and has primarily been trained by Alejo Morales. At 5 ft 8 in and weighing about 176 pounds, Ferreira wrestles in the heavyweight class. Career In 2011 at the Guadalajara Pan Am Games, Ferreira won silver in the 72 kg freestyle. She won the silver medal the 2014 World Wrestling Championships in Tashkent, Uzbekistan and she became the first Brazilian wrestler to win a medal in World Wrestling Championships. At 2015 World Wrestling Championships in Las Vegas, United States, Ferreira lost the bronze medal, but she was classified to 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. She represented Brazil at the 2020 Summer Olympics. References External links 1986 births Living people Brazilian female sport wrestlers Sportspeople from São Paulo World Wrestling Championships medalists Olympic wrestlers for Brazil Wrestlers at the 2016 Summer Olympics Wrestlers at the 2020 Summer Olympics Pan American Wrestling Championships medalists Pan American Games medalists in wrestling Pan American Games silver medalists for Brazil Pan American Games bronze medalists for Brazil Wrestlers at the 2011 Pan American Games Wrestlers at the 2015 Pan American Games Medalists at the 2011 Pan American Games Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games South American Games gold medalists for Brazil South American Games silver medalists for Brazil South American Games medalists in wrestling Competitors at the 2014 South American Games
Peter van Aelst, Peeter van Aelst or Pieter van Aelst is the name of a number of artists including: Pieter Coecke van Aelst, a Flemish painter of the 16th century Peeter van Aelst, a 17th-century Dutch still life painter referred to by Cornelis de Bie in his Het Gulden Cabinet Pieter van Aelst, a 17th-century Flemish genre painter active in Antwerp from 1644 to 1654.
Giovanni Pippan (also known as Giovanni Pipan and Ivan Pipan) (16 December 1894, Trieste – 31 August 1933, Cicero, Illinois) was an Italian labor leader and socialist, active in Italy, Croatia and the United States of America. Early life Giovanni Pippan was born to Valentino Pippan and Maria Brissek in Trieste. He was married and widowed some time before 1921. The Albona Republic In the spring of 1921 Pippan was sent by the Italian Socialist Party to organise the striking miners of Labin on the Istrian peninsula. On March 1 he was caught by a group of fascists at the railway station in Pazin, where he was beaten. The news reached Albona the following day and on 3 March the miners assembled and decided to occupy the mine works in response. The miners proclaimed the Albona Republic in the occupied mines on 7 March with the slogan Kova je nasa ("The mine is ours"). They organized a government and the so-called red guard as a protection from the Italian law enforcement and started to manage the production of mines by themselves with the support of a section of farmers. On April 8, 1921 the Italian administration in Istria, responding to requests for intervention from the mine owners, decided to suppress the republic using military force. 52 of the rebellion’s leaders were indicted for various crimes, with Pippan being first on the charge sheet. Lawyers Edmondo Puecher, Guido Zennaro and Egidio Cerlenizza successfully defended the accused, and the jury issued an acquittal. Shortly afterwards, because of the threat to his life from fascists if he remained in Italy, he left for the United States. Chicago In the United States, Pippan helped organise the silk workers of Paterson, New Jersey. He was also active in the campaign to save Sacco and Vanzetti and fought against fascist elements in the Italian immigrant community. He became a member of the American Communist Party (1926–1931). In 1931 he went to Chicago where he became involved in the unionisation of bread delivery drivers. In the 1920s and 1930s bakeries in Chicago were controlled by criminal racketeers and delivered bread from door to door on horse-drawn carts. The drivers wanted to reduce their long hours and increase their pay, so in 1933 they approached the Socialist Federation to ask for help in forming a union. Pippan not only formed a drivers’ union, but also began trying to persuade the bakers themselves to unionise and free themselves of racketeer control. He was assassinated in Cicero, Illinois, most likely by the Italian-American mafia or by fascist sympathizers in the Italian community. The date is variously given as 29 or 31 August 1933. References 1894 births 1933 deaths Politicians from Trieste American people of Italian descent American communists Italian communists History of Istria Italian emigrants to the United States
The following highways in Virginia have been known as State Route 58: State Route 58 (Virginia 1930–1933), now Virginia State Route 94 U.S. Route 58#Virginia, early 1930s – present
Tow-in surfing is a surfing technique which uses artificial assistance to allow the surfer to catch faster moving waves than was traditionally possible when paddling by hand. Tow-in surfing was invented by surfers who wanted to catch big waves and break the barrier. It has been one of the biggest breakthroughs in surfing history. History Tow-in surfing was pioneered by Laird Hamilton, Buzzy Kerbox, Dave Kalama, and others in the mid 1990s. A surfer is towed into a breaking wave by a partner driving a personal watercraft (PWC, commonly known by the brand name Jet Ski) or a helicopter with an attached tow-line. This method has a demonstrated advantage in situations where the wave is too large (such as Peahi off the north side of Maui), or where position on the wave is extremely critical (Teahupoo off southeast Tahiti). The use of a helicopter for tow-in surfing started to appear in the mid 2000s, and has several advantages over the use of a personal watercraft. The pilot, positioned high above the surfer, is able to spot large waves from farther away and position the surfer accordingly. A helicopter can go faster, and is not affected by the ocean surface like a watercraft, but is much more expensive to operate. Before tow-in surfing was created, surfers were not capable of catching waves that were between tall on their surfboards made for larger waves called "guns". The biggest wave one could catch before tow-in surfing was in the range. Tow-in surfing is accomplished by taking a personal watercraft (PWC) and a tow-rope and combining that with a surfer. One person pulls the surfer out to the break on the PWC. When the waves comes, the person on the PWC tows the surfer via the tow-rope into the wave. Once the surfer is in the wave, the rope is dropped. The surfer is then on their own to surf some of the biggest waves in the world. Differences Tow-in surfing differs from regular surfing in several different ways. First, the waves are much larger; a surfer has to be towed in to the wave, and there is the risk of a wall of water the size of a three story building falling down on them. Laird Hamilton said “The sensation is a combination of flying, sailing and just going as fast as you've ever been. Really, it’s just the sensation of speed.” Controversy Critics of tow-in surfing decry the noise and exhaust fumes made by PWC engines, as well as the likelihood that new participants can get into predicaments that they have not been trained or conditioned to survive. On the other hand, a skilled team of driver and surfer, who often swap roles in the water during a session, develop a rapport and an understanding of ocean conditions that allows them to proactively watch out for each other. Environmentalists and surfing purists have passed a proposal to shut down tow-in surfing at Mavericks in Northern California, saying that is hazardous to local wildlife and a nuisance to residents. Famous tow-in spots Praia do Norte, Nazaré, Portugal Outer Log Cabins, Oahu, Hawaii Todos Santos, Mexico Mavericks, Northern California Dungeons, Cape Town Jaws surf break, Maui Aill Na Searrach "Aileen's", Cliffs of Moher, Ireland Ilha dos Lobos, Southern Brazil Cortes Bank Teahupo'o, Tahiti Bundoran, Ireland Maresias, São Sebastião, Brazil Punta de Lobos, Pichilemu, Chile Shipstern Bluff, Tasmania, Austr Helios Bay References Matt Warshaw: Maverick's: the story of big-wave surfing, Chronicle Books,
Mima Jaušovec (; born 20 July 1956) is a retired Yugoslavian tennis player. She won the 1977 French Open singles championship. Early life Jaušovec was born in Maribor, in present-day Slovenia, when it was part of Yugoslavia. Career As a girl, she was coached by Jelena Genčić, a woman whose players went on to collect 31 Grand Slam single titles. In singles, Jaušovec reached a career high of No. 6 in 1982. Her only Grand Slam triumph came in the 1977 French Open singles championship. In 1978, she again reached the final but was defeated by Virginia Ruzici. In 1983, she reached her third French Open singles final, losing to Chris Evert. Jaušovec's other tournament wins include the 1978 German Open and the 1976 Italian Open. Jaušovec teamed with Ruzici to win the women's doubles title at the 1978 French Open. They defeated Lesley Turner Bowrey and Gail Sherriff Lovera in the final. In the same year, Jaušovec and Ruzici were the runners-up at Wimbledon, losing to Kerry Melville Reid and Wendy Turnbull. Jaušovec's other victories at Grand Slam tournaments include wins over Martina Navratilova at the 1974 Wimbledon Championships, Virginia Wade at 1976 US Open, Wendy Turnbull at 1978 Wimbledon Championships, Evonne Goolagong at 1980 Australian Open, Andrea Jaeger at 1981 Wimbledon Championships, and Sylvia Hanika at 1983 French Open. Jaušovec retired from playing in 1988. Today, she is the head coach of the Slovenian national female tennis team. She was an unsuccessful candidate of the Liberal Democracy of Slovenia for the 2004 European Parliament election. Grand Slam finals Singles (1 title, 2 runners-up) Doubles (1 title, 1 runner–up) WTA career finals Singles: 14 (5–9) Doubles: 20 (11–9) Grand Slam singles tournament timeline Note: The Australian Open was held twice in 1977, in January and December. See also Performance timelines for all female tennis players who reached at least one Grand Slam final References External links 1956 births Living people Yugoslav female tennis players Slovenian female tennis players French Open champions Wimbledon junior champions Grand Slam (tennis) champions in women's singles Grand Slam (tennis) champions in women's doubles Grand Slam (tennis) champions in girls' singles Sportspeople from Maribor Mediterranean Games gold medalists for Yugoslavia Competitors at the 1979 Mediterranean Games Mediterranean Games medalists in tennis
The Koryo Hotel is the second largest operating hotel in North Korea, the largest being the Yanggakdo Hotel. The Ryugyong Hotel is larger than both, but is not yet operating. The twin-towered Koryo Hotel building is 143 metres (469 ft) tall and contains 43 stories. Erected in 1985 under Kim Il Sung, it was intended to "showcase the glory and strength of the DPRK." The hotel is rated five stars by North Korea. A section of the hotel reportedly caught fire on 11 June 2015 due to undisclosed circumstances, leaving the bridge between the two buildings badly damaged. Name "Koryo" is the name of an early kingdom which is the source of the English name "Korea". It is also used in the name of the North Korean airline, Air Koryo. The Koryo Hotel replaced an older hotel of the same name, but in a different location. For a time after 1946, the leader of North Korea's Democratic Party Cho Man-sik was kept under house arrest in the older Koryo Hotel. Location The hotel is situated close to Pyongyang Station in Chung-guyok, central Pyongyang. Features The hotel's extravagance is exemplified by its entryway, which consists of a 9-metre (30 ft) wide jade dragon's mouth that leads into an expansive lobby dominated by a mosaic of North Korean cultural symbols. The mosaic tiles make use of a wide variety of precious metals and gemstones underneath low-dispersion glass panes, which are replaced biannually to preserve the mosaic's luster. The hotel has 500 rooms. Rooms are equipped with a mini-bar and TV. Guests have reported power outages within the hotel grounds. Amenities include a hard currency gift shop, gym, a swimming pool, a revolving restaurant on the 45th floor, a circular bar on the 44th floor and two cinemas; one with 200 seats and one with 70 seats. There is a coffee shop on the ground floor. The hotel also features a billiards room on the second floor and a casino in the basement. The casino offers blackjack, roulette, and slot machines. The casino is staffed by Chinese workers. Amenities do not include the use of the Internet. Plenty of floors in the Hotel appear not to be in use. Restaurants Each tower is topped by a revolving restaurant, however only one is open. The revolving restaurant apparently had a 9 pm closing time but in 2010 it was reported that in recent years the closing time would be extended or relaxed based on the quality of the guests' tipping. Aside from the single open revolving restaurant, the hotel has four other restaurants including a Japanese restaurant and a Korean BBQ restaurant. The restaurants are operated by Japanese expatriates and are run as private businesses, but they must pay a fee to the state. Guest liberty By some reports, guests are prevented by guards from leaving the hotel. However, others report the ability to wander off the hotel grounds. The hotel is a few blocks from the city's restaurant district and the Pyongyang Railroad Station. See also List of hotels in North Korea Tourism in North Korea Transportation in North Korea References External links Pyongyang Koryo Hotel picture album at Naenara Hotels in Pyongyang Twin towers Skyscrapers in North Korea Skyscraper hotels Buildings and structures with revolving restaurants Hotel buildings completed in 1985 Hotels established in 1985 1985 establishments in North Korea 20th-century architecture in North Korea
Amish Shah is an American doctor, politician and a Democratic member of the Arizona House of Representatives representing District 5 since January 9, 2023. He previously represented District 24 from 2019 to 2023. Shah defeated incumbent State Representative Ken Clark. Shah was born in Chicago to immigrant parents from India. He received degrees from Northwestern University and the University of California, Berkeley. Congressional candidacy Shah announced his intention to run for U.S. Congress in in the 2024 elections on April 3, 2023. Electoral history After the 2022 redistricting in Arizona was completed, Shah's home Legislative District was changed from District 24 to District 5. Shah and Representative Jennifer Longdon prevailed in the general election. Following redistricting in Arizona, Shah, fellow District 24 Representative Jennifer Longdon, and District 28 Representative Sarah Liguori were placed in the new District 5. The Representatives also faced activist Brianna Westbrook and Phoenix Union High School District Governing Board member Aaron Márquez in the district's Democratic Primary. Shah and Longdon advanced to the general election, defeating Liguori, Westbrook, and Márquez. Shah and fellow incumbent Jennifer Longdon won the 24th District's Democratic Primary. In the general election the pair defeated Robyn Cushman and David Alger to win re-election. In the general election, Shah and Jennifer Longdon were elected to the Arizona House of Representatives, defeating David Alger, Sr. Shah entered the Democratic Primary to represent Arizona's 24th Legislative District in 2018. A newcomer, he faced incumbent Representative Ken Clark. The other incumbent for the 24th District, Lela Alston, decided to run for State Senate. Alston and Clark chose to support John Glenn to fill Alston's open seat. Shah and another newcomer, Jennifer Longdon, defeated Clark, Glenn, and others to advance to the general election. References External links Campaign website Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Democratic Party members of the Arizona House of Representatives 21st-century American politicians American politicians of Indian descent Politicians from Chicago Northwestern University alumni University of California, Berkeley alumni
Loxostege xuthusalis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1906. It is found in Tibet, China. References Moths described in 1906 Pyraustinae
The 1923 Louisville Cardinals football team was an American football team that represented the University of Louisville as an independent during the 1923 college football season. In their first season under head coach Fred Enke, the Cardinals compiled a 5–3 record. Schedule References Louisville Louisville Cardinals football seasons Louisville Cardinals football
CBX: Canadian Ballroom Extravaganza is a Canadian reality competition web series, which premiered on CBC Arts in March 2022. The series features ten Canadian ballroom artists paired with emerging Canadian filmmakers to create short films highlighting their performances in five ball categories, with audience voting to determine the winner of each challenge until the ultimate winner of the competition is decided. Each of the five categories is also paired with a short introductory video which introduces the competing teams and an overview of the category criteria, as well as informational videos on the overall history and culture of ballroom. The five categories in the competition are Face, Runway, Bizarre, Vogue and Sex Siren. The final winner of the competition was announced on May 6, judged by a panel comprising ballroom competitor Miyoko, music video director Sammy Rawal and drag queen Kimora Amour. Teams The winner of each category is bolded; the winner of the overall competition is highlighted. References External links 2022 Canadian television series debuts 2022 web series debuts 2020s Canadian reality television series 2020s Canadian LGBT-related television series 2020s Black Canadian television series CBC Television original programming Ball culture Canadian non-fiction web series Canadian LGBT-related web series Canadian LGBT-related reality television series Reality competition television series
Space Jam is a 1996 American live-action/animated sports comedy film directed by Joe Pytka and written by Leo Benvenuti, Steve Rudnick, Timothy Harris, and Herschel Weingrod. The film stars basketball player Michael Jordan as a fictional version of himself; the live-action cast also includes Wayne Knight and Theresa Randle, as well as cameos by Bill Murray and several NBA players, while Billy West, Dee Bradley Baker, Kath Soucie and Danny DeVito headline the voice cast. The film follows Jordan as he is brought out of retirement by the Looney Tunes characters to help them win a basketball match against invading aliens intent on enslaving them as amusement park attractions. Space Jam was the first film to be produced by Warner Bros. Feature Animation and was released theatrically in the United States on November 15, 1996, by Warner Bros. under its Family Entertainment label. The film received mixed reviews from critics, who were divided over its premise of combining Jordan and his profession with the Looney Tunes characters, while the technical achievements of its intertwining of live-action and animation were praised. It was a box office success, grossing over $250 million worldwide to become the highest-grossing basketball film of all time until 2022 and the tenth-highest-grossing film of 1996. A standalone sequel, Space Jam: A New Legacy, was released in 2021, with LeBron James in the lead role. Plot In 1973, a young Michael Jordan tells his father, James, about his dreams of playing in the NBA. Twenty years later, following James’ death, Jordan retires from basketball to pursue a career in baseball. In outer space, the amusement park Moron Mountain is in decline. The proprietor, Mr. Swackhammer, learns of the Looney Tunes from the Nerdlucks, his quintet of minions, and orders them to abduct the Looney Tunes to serve as attractions. The Nerdlucks enter the Looney Tunes' universe underground and hold them hostage before Bugs Bunny convinces them to allow the Looney Tunes to defend themselves. The Looney Tunes challenge the Nerdlucks to a basketball game, noting the latter's small stature. The Nerdlucks research the sport and infiltrate various games, stealing the talents of Charles Barkley, Shawn Bradley, Patrick Ewing, Larry Johnson, and Muggsy Bogues. The Nerdlucks use these talents to transform into gigantic, muscular creatures known as the Monstars, and the Looney Tunes realize that they need professional help. The Looney Tunes pull Jordan into their universe as he golfs with Bill Murray, Larry Bird, and Jordan's assistant, Stan Podolak. Bugs explains their situation to Jordan, who is initially reluctant to help. However, Jordan agrees after a confrontation with the Monstars, and forms the Tune Squad with the Looney Tunes; they are joined by Lola Bunny, with whom Bugs is enamored. Jordan is initially unprepared, and sends Bugs and Daffy Duck to his house to obtain his basketball gear. Jordan's children aid them and agree to keep the game a secret, while Stan, searching for Jordan, notices Bugs and Daffy, follows them to their world, and joins the team. Meanwhile, the incapacity of the five NBA players results in a national panic that culminates in the season's suspension. The players try to restore their skills through various methods, with no success. The game between the Tune Squad and the Monstars commences, with Swackhammer arriving to observe. The Monstars dominate the first half, lowering the Tune Squad's morale. During halftime, Stan surreptitiously learns how the Monstars obtained their talent and informs the Tune Squad. Disguising a bottle of water as "secret stuff", Bugs and Jordan motivate the Tune Squad, who improve in the second half using their cartoon physics. During a timeout, Jordan raises the stakes with Swackhammer: if the Tune Squad wins, the Monstars must relinquish their stolen talent, and if the Monstars win, Jordan will become a new Moron Mountain attraction. On Swackhammer's orders, the Monstars become increasingly violent, injuring most of the Tune Squad. With ten seconds left in the game, the Tune Squad is down by one point and one player, with only Jordan, Bugs, Lola, and Daffy still able to play. Murray unexpectedly arrives and joins the team. In the final seconds, Jordan gains the ball with Murray's assistance but is pulled back by the Monstars. On Bugs' advice, Jordan uses cartoon physics to extend his arm and achieve a slam dunk, winning the match with a buzzer beater. After Swackhammer scolds the Monstars for their failure, Jordan helps them realize that they only served him because they were once smaller. They insert Swackhammer inside a missile that sends him to the moon. After relinquishing their stolen talent, the Nerdlucks decide to join the Looney Tunes. Jordan and Stan return to Earth and return the talent to the five players, whose remarks convince Jordan to return to the NBA. Cast Live-action Michael Jordan as himself Wayne Knight as Stan Podolak, a publicist and assistant who aids Jordan Theresa Randle as Juanita Jordan, Jordan's wife Charles Barkley as himself Muggsy Bogues as himself Shawn Bradley as himself Patrick Ewing as himself Larry Johnson as himself Space Jams cast includes Manner Washington, Eric Gordon, and Penny Bae Bridges as Jordan's children, Jeffrey, Marcus, and Jasmine, respectively. Brandon Hammond plays the ten-year-old Michael Jordan. Larry Bird and Bill Murray appear as themselves, and Thom Barry portrays Jordan's father, James R. Jordan Sr. Several NBA players make cameo appearances in Space Jam, including Danny Ainge, Steve Kerr, Alonzo Mourning, Horace Grant, A. C. Green, Charles Oakley, Luc Longley, Cedric Ceballos, Derek Harper, Vlade Divac, Brian Shaw, Jeff Malone, Bill Wennington, Anthony Miller, and Sharone Wright, as do coaches Del Harris and Paul Westphal, and broadcasters Ahmad Rashad and Jim Rome. Dan Castellaneta and Patricia Heaton cameo as fans at a game between the New York Knicks and Phoenix Suns. Voice cast Billy West as Bugs Bunny and Elmer Fudd Dee Bradley Baker as Daffy Duck, Tasmanian Devil, and Bull Danny DeVito as Swackhammer, the proprietor of Moron Mountain, an intergalactic amusement park Bob Bergen as Porky Pig, Tweety, Marvin the Martian, Barnyard Dawg, Hubie and Bertie Bill Farmer as Sylvester, Yosemite Sam, and Foghorn Leghorn Maurice LaMarche as Pepé Le Pew June Foray as Granny Paul Julian as the Road Runner (archive recordings) (uncredited) Kath Soucie as Lola Bunny The Nerdluck voices include Jocelyn Blue as their orange leader, Pound, Charity James as the dim-witted blue Blanko, June Melby as the neurotic green second-in-command Bang, Colleen Wainwright as the diminutive red Nawt, and producer Ivan Reitman's daughter, Catherine, as the eccentric purple Bupkus. Their transformed "Monstar" versions are voiced by Darnell Suttles (Pound), Steve Kehela (Blanko), Joey Camen (Bang), Dorian Harewood (Bupkus), and T.K. Carter as Nawt. Wainwright also voices Sniffles, Kehela also voices Bertie's announcer voice, and Frank Welker voices the Jordan's bulldog, Charles. Production Development In 1992 and 1993, two Super Bowl Nike ads, "Hare Jordan" and "Aerospace Jordan" respectively, aired on television and featured Michael Jordan with the character Bugs Bunny. Wieden+Kennedy creative director Jim Riswold conceived the "Hare Jordan" campaign following the popularity of advertisements where Jordan played with Mars Blackmon (played by Spike Lee), a character from She's Gotta Have It (1986); he chose Bugs Bunny for his next campaign because the character was his "childhood hero". Directed by Joe Pytka, "Hare Jordan" took six months and a $1 million budget to make. It was hindered by reluctance from Warner Bros. to allow Nike to modernize Bugs' character; however, the commercial success of both ads "was a nice bit of research for Warner Bros. to understand that the Bugs character still had relevance and to tie it in with Michael", explained Pytka. This led to the company green-lighting a film featuring Jordan and Bugs, which came out of a plane meeting between a Nike executive and producer Ivan Reitman. Jordan was offered movie deals previously, but his manager, David Falk, turned them all down because he felt the basketball icon could only act as himself. The project was closed when Jordan retired from basketball in 1993, only to be reopened in 1995 when Jordan returned as a basketball player. Falk pitched the idea to several major studios, without a story or script written. One of them was Warner Bros., which tried to create more "adult, sophisticated material" that deviated from the formula set by Disney in the animated film market. After Warner Bros. initially rejected Falk's pitch, he called the consumer products division leader, Dan Romanelli, reacting in surprise the studio would turn down a project having potential of high-selling merchandise. Pytka was informed about the project only months before the start of principal photography; in addition to being hired as director, he also revised the script, including writing a scene where Jordan hits a home run after he returns to Earth that was filmed, but ultimately never used. Spike Lee was also interested in helping Pytka with the screenplay, but Warner Bros. blocked him from the project out of dissatisfaction from how he funded Malcolm X (1992). Casting According to Pytka, it was difficult to get most actors involved with Space Jam due to its odd premise: "I mean, they're going to work with an animated character and an athlete — are you serious? They just didn't want to do it." Before Wayne Knight was cast as Stan, his initial choices were Michael J. Fox and Chevy Chase, whom he had worked with on Doritos commercials; Warner Bros. rejected both actors. Jason Alexander also turned down the role. There were also attempts to replace Jordan's character with a more experienced actor, but "we couldn't find anyone better". The easiest actors to obtain were the NBA players, except for Gheorghe Mureșan. Bill Murray's appearance was present in the script from the beginning, but the filmmakers were unable to book him until filming started; there are rumors that Jordan begged Murray to be in the film. Reitman, serious about the voice actors for the established Looney Tunes characters being far better than their original voice actor, Mel Blanc, and not just replications, was very involved in the voice casting. Joe Alaskey, one of Blanc's successors since the latter's death, was put by Reitman through a set of auditions, which lasted for months until Alaskey grew tired of auditioning and backed out from the project. Billy West learned of Space Jam through Reitman on The Howard Stern Show, who was producing Stern's film, Private Parts. Reitman was impressed by West's voice talent and asked him if he could audition for Space Jam. West accepted, and after doing an audition, he landed the roles of Bugs Bunny and Elmer Fudd. The casting directors originally planned several voice cameos; however, that did not work out, and Danny DeVito ended up being the only celebrity voice actor in the film, which was for Mr. Swackhammer, who was originally planned to be played by Jack Palance. Swackhammer was also planned to be a live-action character until the very final days of development, with Dennis Hopper possibly playing the role due to his friendship with Pytka. Scale The Classic Animation faction of Warner Bros., which animated the commercials and was located in Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles, was originally planned to be the only company responsible for Space Jam. However, after only a week, the animation work was so complicated that Warner Bros. contacted more studios, including reassigning the Feature Animation division in Glendale from working on Quest for Camelot (1998) to Space Jam. Ten of Classic Animation's members, including the production's animation director Tony Cervone, were taken out of the faction to become involved all throughout production, and development artists were reassigned to animating jobs, including supervising animator Bruce Woodside, who had little faith in the project: "Like so many other animators, I adore the classic Warner Bros. characters, but I really had little hope that tying them to the massive anchor of an apparently doomed marketing scheme could actually give them a successful second life in features". After Cervone was hired as animation director, Jerry Rees contacted Bruce W. Smith about being another animation director on the film; Rees was fired by the time Smith joined, and Pykta hired Smith to direct the animation sequences alongside Cervone. Before January 1996, when animation production was put into overdrive, none of the animators' drafts or concepts for how the film should look met with Reitman's approval; Bill Perkins joined that month as animation art director, and when first arriving at the Sherman Oaks division, "we only had around eight months to do about 52 minutes of animation" and "it was just kind of a little skeleton crew." Cervone highlighted Reitman's role as supervisor: "It started off as a string of gags with no structure, and he helped a lot with that." The drafting process involved the animators and artists using the original cartoons as references. Ultimately, they went with Bob Clampett's style of animation due to being wilder than Chuck Jones' style. Production of Space Jam totaled around 19 months, with filming taking up ten of them; this was half the time of any other film of its kind according to Smith. The animation was done at a very quick pace by more than 700 workers from 18 studios in London, Canada, California and Ohio, starting January 1996 by the recently joined producers Ron Tippe and Allison Abbate. In trying to track the huge amount work done at the 18 studios, Tippe hung stills of all the shots throughout the Feature Animation faction's hallways, with completed ones marked in red. Features about the film's production, including one from the official website, emphasized its state-of-the art computer technology when it came to its live-action/animation hybrid; "this film could have not been made two years ago," claimed Cervone in 1996. Due to its mixture of various art mediums as well as the "broad sense of humor and entertainment" unique to the Looney Tunes, Smith considered Space Jam an important part of diversifying the animation industry. Space Jam broke the record for amount of composited shots in a featured film, "roughly 1,043" according to Tippe, as well as a record number of FX shots, with around 1,100 in a single 90-minute film; Independence Day (1996), released the same year, had 700 FX shots within two hours of screen time. Tippe claimed the film would have, at most, "multiple characters, multiple levels of effects and, in some cases, up to 70 elements" in one shot. Filming Space Jam was one of the first-ever productions to be shot on a virtual studio. Jordan filmed in a 360-degree green screen room with motion trackers; around him were green-suited NBA players and improv actors from the Groundlings Theatre and School serving as placement identifiers for the animated characters, with a CGI background replica of a real-life setting chroma-keyed in. Although Bill Murray initially came in only to work on the golf course scene, he then wanted to be in the climactic basketball game after Pytka showed him the process of how he directed the live-action/animation scenes. Concept drawings and discussions between the animators and Pytka about how the animation would be incorporated into the live-action shots took place on set during shooting, and re-writes to the script would be done daily. As an experienced commercial and music video director working on a sports film, Pytka took on fast, unlimited camera movements and Dutch angles; this made integrating the characters into the shots challenging for the animators. To connect the real and animated worlds together, blue-screen shots of miniatures by Vision Crew Unlimited were used; these include a Christo-inspired interpretation of The Forum arena for exterior shots, city rooftops for a transition scene with a wide skyline view of Chicago serving as the chroma-keyed background, and space ship parts initially produced by Boss Film Studios for a Philip Morris advertisement. Music The soundtrack sold enough albums to be certified as 6-times Platinum. The song "I Believe I Can Fly" by musical artist R. Kelly earned him three Grammy Awards. Other tracks included a cover of Steve Miller Band's "Fly Like an Eagle" (by Seal), "Hit 'Em High (The Monstars' Anthem)" (by B-Real, Busta Rhymes, Coolio, LL Cool J, and Method Man), "Basketball Jones" (by Barry White & Chris Rock), "Pump up the Jam" (by Technotronic), "I Turn to You" (by All-4-One) and "For You I Will" (by Monica). The film's title song was performed by the Quad City DJ's. There was also an original scoring soundtrack featuring most of James Newton Howard's score from the film, except the main Merrie Melodies Theme itself. Coincidentally, Biz Markie, who was a guest vocalist on the Spin Doctors's cover of KC & The Sunshine Band's "That's the Way (I Like It)" on the soundtrack died from complications from type 2 diabetes on the release date of the sequel. Animation and design Technology Space Jam was one of the earliest animated productions to use digital technology. 2D animation and backgrounds were first done on paper with pencil at the Sherman Oaks studio before being scanned into Silicon Graphics Image files through Cambridge Animation Systems' software Animo and were then sent to Cinesite via a File Transfer Protocol, for its team to touch upon, digitally color, and composite into shots in Photoshop before being sent back to Sherman Oaks. Unlike previous projects that used the Cineon digital film system, Cinesite used the quicker Inferno and Flame systems for Space Jam. The film's Holly render farm consisted of 16 central processing units, four gigabytes of shared memory, and took up one million dollars of the film's budget, "on top of which the deskside boxes had 256 megabytes of RAM to splurge on whatever scene you needed to create and render," explained Privett. Cinesite had begun developing proprietary software for motion tracking when working on Under Siege 2: Dark Territory (1995), which involved most of its shots incorporating a digital background; this made the company prepared for Space Jam, which consists of a bunch of moving camera shots with 3D backgrounds to be added. The CGI backgrounds moved around with the motion trackers via Cinesite's proprietary software Ball Buster, which identified the markers through algorithm. To avoid mistakes in the visuals as much as possible, Cinesite artists worked on the film by frame instead of viewing each shot as a whole; those, such as Jonathan Privett were dissatisfied with the method, primarily because it put them under much pressure: "We much preferred the good old fashioned run-at-24-fps, just-as-the-viewer-sees-it approach." Backgrounds The design of the stadium was heavily dictated by that of the film's many characters, and it was such a long process that it went through 94 revisions, explained Cinesite digital effects supervisor Carlos Arguello: "Tasmanian Devil was brown so we couldn't have a wooden brown upper level, and there were so many colorful characters, and Michael Jordan and everybody had to look good in all the scenes." For scenes that take place in the stadium, shortcuts were made. For crane shots of the crowd of 15,000 people in the final basketball sequence, it was created with live-action extras, cloned animated crowd members, and a few computer-generated characters walking around the aisles in the stadium. When these shots involved camera movements, a few 2D extras were animated to reflect the angle of the camera, but much lighting was added to distract from the crowd, thus minimizing this work. The reflections of the floor on the gym were also "fake[d]" as raytracing would've meant rendering it for four days per a few frames. Characters Abbate suggested the hurried workflow of the animators bled into the character animation, resulting in a quick-witted style the Looney Tunes cartoons are most known for. Although the animators had to work with almost 100 characters, they were the most focused on Bugs and Daffy not only because they were principal characters, but also because they were the most recognizable Warner Bros. characters to general audiences. Sculpting was incorporated the most on Bugs and Lola, including in "beauty shots" or sequences where Bugs and Lola are together. Perkins conceived the idea of the villains being secondary colors, as the main Looney Tunes were either primary colors, black, or brown. There was also a lot of experimentation with motion blur with the 2D characters, especially Tweety; as Simon Eves explained, "The workflow was that an artist would track some specific points on the sequence of 2D character-on-black that came from the animation house, and I think it was able to take a basic roto shape as well, and then it would generate an interpolated motion vector field which could be applied as a variable directional blur. The field would deform based on the relative motion of the tracking points on the camera, to produce more accurate blur as the character deformed." Release Warner Bros. released Space Jam through its Family Entertainment division on November 15, 1996. Box office Space Jam grossed $90.5 million in the United States, and in other territories, for a worldwide total of $250.2 million. Domestically, it debuted to $27.5 million from 2,650 theaters, topping the box office. The film then made $16.2 million in its sophomore weekend and $13.6 million in its third. In China, the film was released in 1997 and grossed . Critical response On review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes, Space Jam holds an approval rating of 43% based on 86 reviews, with an average rating of 5.3/10. The website's critics consensus reads, "While it's no slam dunk, Space Jams silly, Looney Toons-laden slapstick and vivid animation will leave younger viewers satisfied – though accompanying adults may be more annoyed than entertained." Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 59 out of 100 based on 22 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "A−" on an A+ to F scale. Roger Ebert and Gene Siskel of the Chicago Sun-Times and Chicago Tribune both gave Space Jam a thumbs up, although Siskel's praise was more reserved. In his review, Ebert gave the film three-and a-half stars and noted, "Space Jam is a happy marriage of good ideas—three films for the price of one, giving us a comic treatment of the career adventures of Michael Jordan, crossed with a Looney Tunes cartoon and some showbiz warfare. ... the result is delightful, a family movie in the best sense (which means the adults will enjoy it, too)." Siskel focused much of his praise on Jordan's performance, saying, "He wisely accepted as a first movie a script that builds nicely on his genial personality in an assortment of TV ads. The sound bites are just a little longer." Leonard Maltin also gave the film a positive review (three stars), stating that "Jordan is very engaging, the vintage characters perform admirably ... and the computer-generated special effects are a collective knockout." Todd McCarthy of Variety praised the film for its humor as well as the Looney Tunes' antics and Jordan's acting. Although Janet Maslin of The New York Times criticized the film's animation, she later went on to say that the film is a "fond tribute to [the Looney Tunes characters'] past." Michael Wilmington of the Chicago Tribune complained about some aspects of the movie, stating, "...we don't get the co-stars' best stuff. Michael doesn't soar enough. The Looney Tunes don't pulverize us the way they did when Chuck Jones, Friz Freleng or Bob Clampett were in charge." Yet overall, he also liked the film, giving it 3 stars and saying: "Is it cute? Yes. Is it a crowd-pleaser? Yup. Is it classic? Nope. (Though it could have been.)" TV Guide gave the movie only two stars, calling it a "cynical attempt to cash in on the popularity of Warner Bros. cartoon characters and basketball player Michael Jordan, inspired by a Nike commercial." Margaret A. McGurk of The Cincinnati Enquirer gave the film stars out of four writing, "Technical spectacle amounts to nothing without a good story." Veteran Looney Tunes director Chuck Jones was critical of the film and its premise, opining that Bugs Bunny would not have enlisted help from others in resolving a conflict. Accolades 1997 ASCAP Film and Television Music Awards Won: Most Performed Songs from Motion Pictures (Diane Warren for the song "For You I Will") Won: Top Box Office Films (James Newton Howard) 1997 Annie Awards Won: Best Individual Achievement: Technical Achievement Nomination: Best Animated Feature Nomination: Best Individual Achievement: Directing in a Feature Production (Bruce W. Smith and Tony Cervone) Nomination: Best Individual Achievement: Producing in a Feature Production (Ron Tippe) 1997 Grammy Awards Won: Best Song Written Specifically for Motion Picture or for Television (R. Kelly for the song "I Believe I Can Fly") 1997 MTV Movie Awards Nomination: Best Movie Song (R. Kelly for the song "I Believe I Can Fly") 1997 Satellite Awards Nomination: Best Motion Picture- Animated or Mixed Media (Daniel Goldberg, Joe Medjuck, Ivan Reitman) 1997 World Animation Celebration Won: Best Use of Animation in a Motion Picture Trailer 1997 Young Artist Awards Nomination: Best Family Feature- Animation or Special Effects Post-release Home media Warner Home Video released the film on VHS, DVD, and LaserDisc on March 11, 1997. The VHS tape was reprinted and re-released through Warner Home Video's catalog promotions: The Warner Bros. 75th Anniversary Celebration (1998), Century Collection (1999), Century 2000 (2000) and Warner Spotlight (2001). The film was re-released on DVD on July 25, 2000. On October 28, 2003, the film was once again re-released as a 2-disc, special-edition DVD including newly made extras such as a commentary track, a featurette, production notes, and an hour of previously released Looney Tunes shorts and a TV special. On November 6, 2007, Space Jam was featured as one of four films in Warner Home Video's 4-Film Favorites: Family Comedies collection DVD (the other three being Looney Tunes: Back in Action—which was released seven years after Space Jam—Osmosis Jones and Funky Monkey). On February 8, 2011, the first disc of the previous 2-disc edition was released by itself in a film-only edition DVD and on October 4, the film was released for the first time in widescreen HD on Blu-ray which, save for the Looney Tunes shorts, ported over all the extras from the 2003 2-disc edition DVD. A double DVD release, paired with Looney Tunes: Back in Action, was released on June 7, 2016. On November 15, 2016, Warner Bros. released another Space Jam Blu-ray to commemorate the film's 20th anniversary. On July 6, 2021, the film arrived on Ultra HD Blu-ray to celebrate the 25th anniversary and the release of Space Jam: A New Legacy. Other media Space Jam later expanded into a media franchise which includes comics, video games and merchandise. The Space Jam franchise is estimated to have generated in total revenue. This includes a wide variety of merchandise, such as Air Jordans, Bugs Bunny shirts, Happy Meals, Mugsy Bogues jerseys, and Tweety gowns. The film was adapted into a graphic novel published by DC Comics through their imprint "Warner Bros. Family Entertainment Reading" that published the "Looney Tunes", "Tiny Toon Adventures", "Animaniacs" and "Pinky & The Brain" monthly comic books. The special issue was written by David Cody Weiss and drawn by Leonardo Batic. A licensed pinball game by Sega, a video game for the PlayStation, Sega Saturn and MS-DOS by Acclaim, and a handheld LCD game by Tiger Electronics were released based on the film. Legacy Cultural influence The Monstars make a cameo in the Pinky and the Brain episode "Star Warners". Jordan, who was a spokesman for MCI Communications before the film was made, would appear with the Looney Tunes characters (as his "Space Jam buddies") in several MCI commercials for several years after the film was released before MCI merged with WorldCom and subsequently Verizon Communications. Bugs had previously appeared with Jordan as "Hare Jordan" in Nike ads for the Air Jordan VII and Air Jordan VIII. In the next theatrical Looney Tunes film, Looney Tunes: Back in Action, Jordan appears in archive footage from this film as one of the disguises of Mr. Chairman (Steve Martin). In 2013, Yahoo! Screen released a parody of ESPN's 30 for 30 about the game shown in the film. The short dates the game as taking place on November 17, 1995, although Jordan's real-life return to basketball when it occurred on March 18. In April 2019, the website SBNation ran a mockumentary April Fools Day episode of its popular Rewinder series on Jordan's climactic shot. The Nerdlucks appeared in the Teen Titans Go! original film Teen Titans Go! See Space Jam which aired on Cartoon Network on June 20, 2021, and was released on digital on July 27, 2021. The film's official website spacejam.com, created in 1996 alongside promotion of the film, remained unchanged but active for 25 years prior to the release of the film's sequel, an unusual aspect to film promotion websites. The site was one of the earliest film promotion websites, and included a number of unrefined web design facets, such as heavy use of animated GIFs. While the site's content had been moved under Warner Bros.'s site around 2003, the site's design gained a resurgence of interest around 2010 as an historical artifact of the early days of the web, and Warner Bros. returned the site to the spacejam.com address in response. Following the release of Space Jam: A New Legacy first trailer in April 2021, the website was updated for promotion of the new film, though the 1996 content remained available as a separate landing page. A television film crossover with Teen Titans Go!, Teen Titans Go! See Space Jam, aired on Cartoon Network in June 2021. The film features the Teen Titans meeting the Nerdlucks and providing humorous commentary over the original film. The movie's length is slightly abridged, omitting the opening credits and several scenes that do not feature the Looney Tunes, and the soundtrack is replaced by an original score. Sequel A sequel to Space Jam was planned as early as 1996. As development began, Space Jam 2 was going to involve a new basketball competition with Michael Jordan and the Looney Tunes against a new alien villain named Berserk-O!. Artist Bob Camp was tasked with designing Berserk-O! and his henchmen. Joe Pytka would have returned to direct while Cervone and his creative partner Spike Brandt signed on to direct the animation sequences. However, Jordan did not agree to star in a sequel, and Warner Bros. eventually cancelled plans for Space Jam 2. Several potential sequels, including Spy Jam with Jackie Chan that would end up becoming the basis for Looney Tunes: Back in Action, Race Jam with Jeff Gordon, Golf Jam with Tiger Woods, and Skate Jam with Tony Hawk were all discussed but never came to be. In February 2014, Warner Bros. officially announced development of a sequel that will star LeBron James. In July 2015, James and his film studio, SpringHill Entertainment, signed a deal with Warner Bros. for television, film and digital content after receiving positive reviews for his role in Trainwreck. By 2016, Justin Lin signed onto the project as director, and co-screenwriter with Andrew Dodge and Alfredo Botello. By August 2018, Lin left the project, and Terence Nance was hired to direct the film. In September 2018, Ryan Coogler was announced as a producer for the film. Filming would take place in California and within a 30-mile radius of Los Angeles. Prior to production, the film received $21.8 million in tax credits as a result of a new tax incentive program from the state. In February 2019, after releasing the official logo with a promotional poster, Space Jam 2 was announced to be scheduled for release on July 16, 2021. Principal photography began on June 25, 2019. On March 4, 2021, it was confirmed that the sequel would also feature various characters in the Warner Bros. film and television archive. Jordan was reportedly set to make a cameo in Space Jam 2, as the makers teased the fans in June 2021 that "Jordan will appear in the film, but not in the way you would expect it." In fact, as shown in the film, he appeared in various pictures from his career and the Space Jam film. In a scene, Sylvester claimed to have found Jordan, but he actually found actor Michael B. Jordan, who thus made the cameo expected to be made by the former Bulls star. After the release of Space Jam 2, a third film was in talks by director Malcolm D. Lee with Dwayne Johnson involved as the lead, transitioning on the sports genre from basketball to professional wrestling. See also List of basketball films References Citations Bibliography External links Page from Warner Bros. 1996 animated films 1996 children's films 1996 comedy films 1996 films 1990s American animated films 1990s children's animated films 1990s fantasy comedy films 1990s science fiction comedy films 1990s sports comedy films 1990s English-language films Alien visitations in films American alternate history films American basketball films American children's animated comic science fiction films American children's animated science fantasy films American fantasy comedy films American science fiction comedy films American slapstick comedy films American sports comedy films American films with live action and animation Animated films about extraterrestrial life Animated films based on animated series Animated films set in California Animated films set in Los Angeles Animated films set in New York (state) Animated films set in New York City Animated crossover films Animated sports films Rotoscoped films Films based on real people Animation based on real people Works based on advertisements Films about animation Films about parallel universes Films adapted into comics Films directed by Joe Pytka Films produced by Ivan Reitman Films with screenplays by Herschel Weingrod Films with screenplays by Timothy Harris (writer) Films scored by James Newton Howard Michael Jordan Cultural depictions of Vlade Divac Looney Tunes films Barnyard Dawg films Beaky Buzzard films Beans the Cat films Bosko films Bugs Bunny films Charlie Dog films Daffy Duck films Elmer Fudd films Foghorn Leghorn films Goofy Gophers films Henery Hawk films Hippety Hopper films Hubie and Bertie films Marvin the Martian films Penelope Pussycat films Pepé Le Pew films Porky Pig films Ralph Wolf and Sam Sheepdog films Rocky and Mugsy films Speedy Gonzales films Sylvester the Cat films Tasmanian Devil (Looney Tunes) films Tweety films Wile E. Coyote and the Road Runner films Yosemite Sam films Films set in Chicago Films set in amusement parks Films set on fictional planets Films set in 1973 Films set in 1993 Films set in 1995 Films shot in California Films shot in Chicago Films shot in Los Angeles Films shot in New York City Warner Bros. films Warner Bros. animated films Warner Bros. Animation animated films
Don't Go in the Woods may refer to: Don't Go in the Woods (1981 film), a 1981 slasher film directed by James Bryan Don't Go in the Woods (2010 film), a 2010 horror musical directed by Vincent D'Onofrio
Fang Rong (房融) per the biography of his son Fang Guan. See New Book of Tang, vol. 139.</ref>) was an official of Wu Zetian's Zhou Dynasty, briefly serving as chancellor. Despite Fang's high status, little is firmly established about his career except for the time that he served as chancellor—as, unusual for a chancellor, he did not have a biography in either the Old Book of Tang or the New Book of Tang. It is known that his clan traced its ancestry to the early Jin Dynasty (266–420) official Fang Qian (房乾), who was sent as an emissary to the Xianbei but was detained and not allowed to return to Jin, whose descendants then took the Xianbei surname Wuyin (屋引) and followed the rulers of Northern Wei back south. They then changed their name back to Fang when Emperor Xiaowen of Northern Wei changed Xianbei names to Han names in 496 and settled in the Northern Wei capital Luoyang. Fang Rong's ancestors served as officials in Northern Wei and succeeding dynasties Northern Qi, Sui Dynasty, and Tang Dynasty, with Fang Rong's father Fang Xuanji (房玄基) serving as a low level official at the department of the treasury. As of 704, Fang Rong was serving as the secretary general of Huai Prefecture (懷州, roughly modern Jiaozuo, Henan), when he was promoted to be Zhengjian Daifu (正諫大夫), a senior advisor at the examination bureau of government (鸞臺, Luantai) and given the designation of Tong Fengge Luantai Pingzhangshi (同鳳閣鸞臺平章事), making him a chancellor de facto. In spring 705, when a coup led by Zhang Jianzhi, Cui Xuanwei, Jing Hui, Huan Yanfan, and Yuan Shuji overthrew Wu Zetian and restored her son Li Xian the Crown Prince, a former emperor, to the throne (as Emperor Zhongzong), her lovers Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong were killed. On the same day, Fang, along with fellow chancellor Wei Chengqing and the minister Cui Shenqing (崔神慶), were accused of being associates of Zhang Yizhi and Zhang Changzong and arrested. Half a month later, Fang was reduced to commoner rank and exiled to Gao Prefecture (高州, roughly modern Maoming, Guangdong), and he died there. HIs son Fang Guan later served as a chancellor during the reign of Emperor Suzong. Notes and references Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 207. Chancellors under Wu Zetian Chancellors under Emperor Zhongzong of Tang 705 deaths Year of birth unknown
Columbine is a non-fiction book written by Dave Cullen and published by Twelve (Hachette Book Group) on April 6, 2009. It is an examination of the Columbine High School massacre, on April 20, 1999, and the perpetrators Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold. The book covers two major storylines: the killers' evolution leading up to the attack, and the survivors' struggles with the aftermath over the next decade. Chapters alternate between the two stories. Graphic depictions of parts of the attack are included, in addition to the actual names of friends and family (the only exception being the pseudonym "Harriet", which is used for a female Columbine student referred to in Klebold’s journal entries, with whom he was obsessively in love). Cullen says he spent ten years researching and writing the book. He previously contributed to The New York Times, The Washington Post, The Times of London, and The Guardian. He is best known for his work for Slate and Salon.com. His Slate story "The Depressive and the Psychopath" five years earlier, offered the first diagnosis of the killers by the team of psychologists and psychiatrists brought into the case by the FBI. Publication was timed to coincide with the tenth anniversary of the massacre, which occurred on April 20, 1999. The book spent eight weeks on The New York Times bestseller list in the spring of 2009, peaking at #3. The book gained considerable media attention for addressing many of the so-called Columbine myths widely taken for granted. According to the book, the massacre had nothing to do with school bullying, jocks, the Gothic subculture, Marilyn Manson or the Trench Coat Mafia. Cullen also writes that the attack was intended primarily as a bombing rather than a school shooting, and that Harris and Klebold intended to perpetrate the worst terrorist attack in American history. The book garnered glowing reviews from Time, Newsweek, People, The New York Observer and Entertainment Weekly. One of the few dissenting views came from Janet Maslin, who wrote in The New York Times, "What good can a new book on Columbine do? Mr. Cullen's Salon coverage had already refuted some of the worst misconceptions about the story by the fall of 1999... Emerging details mostly corroborate what was already known." Columbine won a bevy of awards and honors, including the Edgar Allan Poe Award, Barnes & Noble's Discover Award, and the Goodreads Choice Award. It was a finalist for the LA Times Book Prize, the Audie Award and the MPIBA Regional Book Award. Additionally, Columbine was named on two dozen Best of 2009 lists, including The New York Times, Los Angeles Times, Publishers Weekly, iTunes and the American Library Association. It was declared Top Education Book of 2009, and one of the best of the decade by the American School Board Journal. Development In a 2015 Vanity Fair essay, the author described the powerful impact his mentor Lucia Berlin had on the creation of the book and on his ability to vividly portray such characters as Klebold and teacher Dave Sanders, describing Berlin as “the guiding force in my work, and my life” even long after her death. Synopsis Columbine has two main storylines, told in alternating chapters: the 'before' story of the killers' evolution toward murder, and the 'after' story of the survivors. There are shorter 'during' accounts, describing the attack itself, dispersed throughout the book. Formally composed of 53 chapters divided into five parts, the book also includes a timeline, 26 pages of detailed endnotes, and a fifteen-page bibliography organized into topics. The 'before' story focuses primarily on the killers' high school years preceding the massacre. According to the experts cited on the book, Eric Harris was a textbook psychopath, and Dylan Klebold was an angry depressive. The 'after' story is composed of eight major sub-stories, focused on individuals who played a key role in the aftermath of the attack, including Columbine Principal Frank DeAngelis, alleged Christian martyr Cassie Bernall (another myth, according to the book), "the boy in the window", Patrick Ireland, FBI Supervisory Special Agent Dwayne Fuselier, and the families of victim Daniel Rohrbough and teacher Dave Sanders, who died saving students from the gunmen. The Evangelical Christian community's feverish response to the alleged "martyrdom" issue is also chronicled. Columbine begins four days before the massacre, at a school assembly hosted by Principal DeAngelis just before Prom weekend. Scenes from the massacre are graphically depicted in the early chapters, and later through flashbacks. Reception Published by Twelve (Hachette Book Group) on April 6, 2009, Columbine debuted at number seven on the bestseller list for The New York Times in the United States. It peaked at number three, and spent eight weeks on the list. The book was very well received by critics, and by news media, which focused heavily on the dispelling of numerous Columbine myths, and also the extensive portrayal of the minds of the two killers. In The New York Observer, Stephen Amidon described Columbine as a "gripping study... To his credit, Mr. Cullen does not simply tear down Columbine's legends. He also convincingly explains what really sparked the murderous rage... disquieting... beautifully written." Several critics compared the book to In Cold Blood, including former Publishers Weekly Editor-In-Chief Sara Nelson, who reviewed it for The Daily Beast and called it "a riveting read, on a par with the greatest crime analysis from In Cold Blood or The Stranger Beside Me." A debate sprang up on the issue, with some critics concurring, and others arguing that Cullen's artistry fell short of Truman Capote's. Jennifer Senior, in The New York Times Book Review, resisted the Capote comparison, but offered high praise. She observed that: "Had Dave Cullen capitulated to cliché while writing ‘Columbine’, he would have started his tale 48 hours before Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold's notorious killing spree, stopped the frame just before they fired their guns, and then spooled back to the very beginning, with the promise of trying to explain how the two boys got to this twisted pass. But he doesn't. As Cullen eventually writes, ‘there had been no trigger’ — at least none that would be satisfying to horrified outsiders, grieving parents or anyone in between. Eric Harris was a psychopath, simple as that. Dylan Klebold was a suicidally depressed kid who yoked his fate to a sadist. Instead, what intrigues the author are perceptions and misperceptions: how difficult a shooting spree is to untangle; how readily mass tragedies lend themselves to misinformation and mythologizing; how psychopaths can excel at the big con... Yet what's amazing is how much of Cullen's book still comes as a surprise. I expected a story about misfits exacting vengeance, because that was my memory of the media consensus — Columbine, right, wasn't there something going on there between goths and jocks? In fact, Harris and Klebold were killing completely at random that day. Their victims weren't the intended targets at all; the entire school was." Janet Maslin published one of the book's few negative reviews. In the daily issue of The New York Times, Maslin wrote: "And now that books as commercially ambitious as Columbine are marketed like movies, an online video advertisement for the book touts its '10 years in the making', calling it 'the definitive story of an American tragedy'. For the same YouTube trailer, Cullen allowed himself to be filmed sitting at his desk amid potted houseplants, scrolling solemnly through a computer-screen copy of one of the killers' hate-filled journals." Maslin wrote, "But Mr. Cullen has not written this book solely to dissect the events of Columbine. He also invites his readers to relive them. So he replays the planning and execution of the killings for maximum dramatic impact, trying to get right inside the killers' heads." Newsweek essay by Ramin Satoodeh stated: "In the decade since Columbine, there have been countless efforts to make sense of that day: memoirs, books, movies, even a play opening in Los Angeles in April. The definitive account, however, will likely be Dave Cullen's Columbine, a nonfiction book that has the pacing of an action movie and the complexity of a Shakespearean drama... Cullen has a gift, if that's the right word, for excruciating detail. At times the language is so vivid you can almost smell the gunpowder and the fear... The Columbine killers were a strange and deeply disturbed pair, right out of a Truman Capote book. We've heard plenty of the details about Klebold and Harris—their fixation with the Nazis, their lust for violence, the homemade tapes in which they laid out their grand scheme for us to watch later—but Cullen, despite all odds, manages to humanize them... Cullen also debunks some of the biggest fallacies." Awards Columbine has won the following awards. Edgar Award: Best Fact Crime Book 2009 Barnes and Noble Discover Award: Best Nonfiction Book 2009 Goodreads Choice Award: Best Nonfiction Book 2009 American School Board Association: Best Education Book of 2009 The Truth About The Fact Award Columbine was a finalist for the following awards. The Los Angeles Times Book Prize The American Library Association Alex Award The Audie Award Abraham Lincoln High School Book Award (Winner to be announced in spring 2012.) The Mountains and Plains Independent Booksellers Association Award Columbine was named on many Best of 2009 lists, including these. New York Times Book Review: 100 Notable Books of 2009 Los Angeles Times: 25 Favorite Nonfiction Books of 2009 LA Times Editor David Ulin's Top Six Nonfiction Entertainment Weekly: Best Books of 2009: #4 in Nonfiction American School Board Journal: #1 Education Book for 2009 Publishers Weekly Best 100 Books for 2009 iTunes: #1 Best Nonfiction Audiobook of 2009 Salon.com: 5 Best Nonfiction Books of 2009 GoodReads Choice Awards: Winner Best Nonfiction of 2009 Chicago Tribune: Favorite Nonfiction Books of 2009 Miami Herald: 12 Reviewers' Choices for Most Intriguing Books of 2009 Borders: 10 Best of 2009: Nonfiction Amazon Editors' Picks: 5 Best Current Events Books of 2009 Amazon Top 100 Customer Favorites of 2009 Bookmarks: Best Books of 2009 Mother Jones: Top Books of 2009 Washington Post Express: 2009 Express Staff Picks New Haven Register: 10 recommended nonfiction for 2009 New London Connecticut's The Day: Best of '09 New West: Best Books in the West 2009 Paperback edition: New disclosures from the killers' parents The Columbine paperback edition (released in 2010) reveals details of four secret meetings involving all four parents of the killers. This unforeseen development provided the first real public insight into the mindsets of Wayne and Kathy Harris. The awkward encounters play out in the new "Afterword" added to the paperback. Further descriptions of the meetings with Wayne and Kathy Harris appear in The Daily Beast feature, "The Last Columbine Mystery," by the same author, published at the time of the paperback release. The Afterword also includes updates about two bereaved parents and one wounded survivor of the Columbine shootings, and their starkly different perspectives on "forgiveness". The three individuals in question are Linda Mauser (mother of victim Daniel Mauser), Bob Curnow (father of victim Steven Curnow) and Valeen Schnurr, respectively. The expanded paperback edition of 2010 also adds scans from the killers' numerous journals, a diagram of the attack, and book club questions. Use in schools Columbine has been widely adopted as a textbook in high school English and Social Studies classes, as well as college journalism classes. The author created a free Columbine Teacher's Guide, as well as classroom videos and related material which have been widely downloaded from the internet. The guide includes units on teen depression, P.T.S.D. and overcoming adversity. Several educational associations singled out the book for students and teachers. The American School Board Journal chose it as the "Top Education Book for 2009". It also called it "one of the best education books of the past 10 years." The American Library Association selected Columbine as a finalist for its "Alex Award for Young Adult Readers." In 2011, the Illinois School Library Media Association nominated Columbine for its "Abraham Lincoln Award: Illinois' High School Readers' Choice Award", which was open to student voting through February 2012. Film and theater adaptation The book has been under development for television with Killer Films, Lifetime and NBC Universal. The theatrical rights to the book were briefly acquired after the book's publication, by Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall. The producers instead chose to adapt the book into a one-act play entitled The Library. The play was written by screenwriter Scott Z. Burns and directed by Steven Soderbergh. The original ensemble cast included Chloë Grace Moretz, Lili Taylor and Michael O'Keefe. Translation The book has been translated into Japanese, Korean, Portuguese and Russian, with translations underway in simple Chinese characters and Polish. See also Columbine High School A Mother's Reckoning – 2016 memoir by Sue Klebold, mother of perpetrator Dylan Klebold No Easy Answers – 2002 memoir by Brooks Brown, friend of Dylan Klebold References Reviews Review at Letters on Pages Links to most major reviews at author's site External links Official Columbine website Columbine shooting introduction video – book trailer Columbine Teacher's Guide Haunted By Columbine a documentary short by Retro Report featuring Dave Cullen. The Columbine Guide – Free online companion to the book, for research Columbine Student Guide – The author's site for students doing papers or projects on the topic Non-fiction books about murders in the United States 2009 non-fiction books History books about the United States Books adapted into plays Works about the Columbine High School massacre Gun violence in popular culture Twelve (publisher) books
This is a list of prisons within Qinghai province of the People's Republic of China. Sources Buildings and structures in Qinghai Qinghai
1974 U.S. Open may refer to: 1974 U.S. Open (golf), a major golf tournament 1974 US Open (tennis), a Grand Slam tennis tournament
Tambet is an Estonian masculine given name. Individuals bearing the name Tambet include: Tambet Pikkor (born 1980), Estonian ski jumper Tambet Tampuu (born 1963), Estonian lawyer and a judge Tambet Tuisk (born 1976), Estonian actor References Masculine given names Estonian masculine given names
The 2022–23 Indiana Hoosiers women's basketball team represented the Indiana University Bloomington during the 2022–23 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The Hoosiers were led by head coach Teri Moren in her ninth season, and played their home games at the Simon Skjodt Assembly Hall as a member of the Big Ten Conference. Previous season The Hoosiers finished the 2021–22 season with a 24–9 record, including 11–5 in Big Ten play to finish in fifth place in the conference. They received an at-large bid to the 2022 NCAA Division I Women's Basketball Tournament, where they advanced to the Sweet Sixteen. Roster Schedule and results \|- !colspan=9 style=\| Exhibition \|- !colspan=9 style=\| Regular Season \|- !colspan=6 style=\| \|- !colspan=6 style=\| Rankings References Indiana Hoosiers women's basketball seasons Indiana Indiana Indiana Indiana
Espinho is a Portuguese freguesia ("civil parish"), located in the municipality of Braga. The population in 2011 was 1,181, in an area of 4.48 km². The Sameiro Sanctuary is situated in Espinho. References Freguesias of Braga
Tarasivka () is a small village about east of Kropyvnytskyi in Oleksandriia Raion, Kirovohrad Oblast (province) of southern Ukraine. It is located by the Lake Stepivka. Tarasivka belongs to Popelnaste rural hromada, one of the hromadas of Ukraine. The village is named for Taras Bulba. References Villages in Oleksandriia Raion
The Devil and Circe (German: Teufel und Circe) is a 1921 German silent drama film directed by Adolf Gärtner and starring Sascha Gura, Eduard von Winterstein and Walter von Allwoerden. It premiered in Munich on 7 June 1921. Cast Sascha Gura as Circe Walter von Allwoerden as Der Teufel Margarete Kupfer as Hexe Eduard von Winterstein Heinz Erdmann References External links 1921 films Films of the Weimar Republic German silent feature films Films directed by Adolf Gärtner 1921 drama films German black-and-white films Silent German drama films 1920s German films 1920s German-language films
The men's decathlon event at the 1955 Pan American Games was held at the Estadio Universitario in Mexico City on 18 and 19 March. Results References Athletics at the 1955 Pan American Games 1955
"Nothing Suits Me Like a Suit" is a song performed by Neil Patrick Harris and the cast of the comedy series How I Met Your Mother from the 100th episode "Girls Versus Suits". Carter Bays and Craig Thomas were nominated for the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Original Music and Lyrics for writing the song. Background The song premiered on the 100th episode of How I Met Your Mother, "Girls Versus Suits" (season 5, episode 12) in a dream sequence where Harris' character, Barney Stinson, contemplates whether to keep his collection of suits or continue seeing the attractive bartender with whom he was about to hook up. The episode premiered on January 11, 2010, with the single being released the following day. Stacy Keibler guest-starred in this episode. The musical number featured 65 dancers and a 50-piece orchestra and was choreographed by Zach Woodlee (Glee). Chart performance The song peaked at #50 on the UK Singles Chart. In Canada, the song peaked at 76 on the Canadian Hot 100. Charts Personnel Lead vocals – Neil Patrick Harris as Barney Stinson Additional vocals – Jason Segel as Marshall Eriksen, Josh Radnor as Ted Mosby, Alyson Hannigan as Lily Aldrin, and Cobie Smulders as Robin Scherbatsky References 2010 singles 2010 songs How I Met Your Mother American songs Neil Patrick Harris songs Songs from television series Songs written by Carter Bays Songs written by Craig Thomas (screenwriter)
John Henry Lienhard IV (born 1930) is Professor Emeritus of mechanical engineering and history at The University of Houston. He worked in heat transfer and thermodynamics for many years prior to creating the radio program The Engines of Our Ingenuity. Lienhard is a member of the US National Academy of Engineering. Childhood and education Lienhard was born in St. Paul, Minnesota in 1930. Lienhard's father, John H. Lienhard III, served in Europe during World War I as a pilot for the United States Army then became a journalist for the St. Paul Dispatch and later a surveyor in Oregon. His mother, Catherine Lienhard (née Henderson), was an accomplished pianist and singer. One of his great-grandfathers was the Swiss pioneer Heinrich Lienhard, and another was the abolitionist, newspaper editor, and Minnesota state legislator Charles Augustus Wheaton. His family moved to Roseburg, Oregon when Lienhard was in his teens. Lienhard had dyslexia as a child. He overcame this disability, finishing high school in 1947 and graduating from Multnomah College with an associate degree in 1949. He then received a BS degree from the Oregon State College (1951), after which he worked for the Boeing Airplane Co. in Seattle, Washington. He continued his studies in mechanical engineering, earning his MS degree from the University of Washington (1953) before being drafted into the US Army. While in the Army, he served at the Signal Corps Laboratories in Fort Monmouth, New Jersey. He received his PhD at the University of California in 1961. Lienhard has been married to his wife Carol Ann Bratton since 1959. They have two sons, John H. Lienhard V and Andrew J. Lienhard. Career Upon his discharge from the Army, Lienhard returned to the University of Washington to teach mechanical engineering. He moved to the University of California at Berkeley in 1956 to serve as an engineering instructor, and to complete his PhD. After Berkeley, Lienhard was an associate professor at Washington State University from 1961 to 1967. He then moved to the University of Kentucky, where he was a professor from 1967 to 1980. In 1980, he moved to the University of Houston, where he is the M.D. Anderson Professor of Technology and Culture, emeritus. Lienhard's engineering research centered on heat transfer with phase change. His work encompassed film boiling, liquid jets, condensation (with his student Vijay K. Dhir), critical heat flux in various pool-boiling configurations, spinodal limits to liquid superheats, rapid depressurization, and rainfall run-off, among other topics. His work on critical heat flux included centrifuge measurements of boiling at high gravity, some conducted for NASA. Lienhard coauthored a textbook on statistical thermodynamics with Professor Chang-lin Tien (1971). He later wrote a textbook on heat transfer (1981) which went through a number of editions (1987, 2001, 2011, 2019), the last three coauthored with his eldest son, John H. Lienhard V. The heat transfer textbook has been available as a free ebook since 2001, one of the earliest textbooks to be distributed in this format. Lienhard created the radio program The Engines of Our Ingenuity in January 1988. He has written and voiced thousands of episodes in the decades since. Lienhard's work on Engines has led to several books, in addition to the radio episodes. The radio program is produced by KUHF in Houston and carried by National Public Radio. The daily broadcasts of Engines of Our Ingenuity made Lienhard a sought-after public speaker. Over the three decades after Engines launched, Lienhard gave dozens of invited lectures each year, eventually totaling more than 1100 major addresses. He donated the honoraria from these talks to the University of Houston to create the Engines of Our Ingenuity undergraduate scholarship endowment. Awards and recognition Lienhard was elected as Fellow of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) in 1977 and as Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1989. He was recognized with the Charles Russ Richards Medal of Pi Tau Sigma and ASME in 1979, the ASME Heat Transfer Memorial Award in 1980, the ASME Ralph Coates Roe Medal in 1989 (for contributions to a public understanding of technology), the ASME Robert Henry Thurston Lecture Award in 1992, the ASEE Ralph Coates Roe Award in 1994, the ASME Engineer-Historian Award in 1998, and the ASME Edwin F. Church Medal in 2000. ASME made Lienhard an Honorary Member in 1995. Lienhard received a Doctorate in Humane Letters, honoris causa, from the University of Houston in 2002. Sacred Heart University awarded him an honorary doctorate in the same year. Lienhard was elected to the US National Academy of Engineering in 2003 "for creating the awareness of engineering in the development of cultures and civilizations, and for the development of basic burnout theories in boiling and condensation". List of books Chang-lin Tien and John H. Lienhard, Statistical Thermodynamics, Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, New York, 1971. (revised edition, Hemisphere-McGraw-Hill, Wash D.C., 1979) John H. Lienhard, A Heat Transfer Textbook, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1981. John H. Lienhard, A Heat Transfer Textbook, 2nd ed. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1987. History of Heat Transfer: Essays in Honor of the 50th Anniversary of the ASME Heat Transfer Division, (E. T. Layton and J. H. Lienhard, eds.), ASME, New York, 1988. John H. Lienhard, The engines of our ingenuity: an engineer looks at technology and culture, Oxford University Press, New York, 2000. John H. Lienhard, Inventing modern: an engineer looks for the twentieth century, Oxford University Press, New York, 2003. John H. Lienhard, How invention begins: echoes of old voices in the rise of new machines, Oxford University Press, New York, 2008. John H. Lienhard, IV and John H. Lienhard, V A heat transfer textbook, 4th edition, Dover Publications, Mineola NY, 2011. John H. Lienhard, IV and John H. Lienhard, V A heat transfer textbook, 5th edition, Dover Publications, Mineola NY, 2019. References External links The Engines of Our Ingenuity website. John H. Lienhard: Engineer, Educator, Communicator A Heat Transfer Textbook, 5/e, free ebook. 1930 births Living people People from Saint Paul, Minnesota American mechanical engineers American radio hosts University of Houston System people Fellows of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science Oregon State University alumni University of Washington alumni University of California, Berkeley alumni
Stephen Hawking (1942–2018), a theoretical physicist, has appeared in many works of popular culture. Television and film Appeared as himself Comedy and drama The Culture Show. (Simpsons special) Alien Planet. (Discovery Channel special) I Love the World. (Discovery Channel commercial) Late Night with Conan O'Brien (episode 1752). He was in a skit in which he made a phone call to guest Jim Carrey.TV Offal. Hawking appeared with host Victor Lewis-Smith in the pre-titles sequences of this show. Star Trek: The Next Generation At the release party for the home video version of the A Brief History of Time, Leonard Nimoy, who had played Spock on Star Trek, learned that Hawking was interested in appearing on the show. Nimoy made the necessary contact, and as a result Hawking appears at the beginning of the Season 6 cliffhanger, "Descent", when Data is seen playing poker with holographic depictions of Hawking, Sir Isaac Newton, and Albert Einstein. Hawking portrayed his own hologram for this episode, making him the only guest in any Star Trek series to play himself. When taking a tour of the set, he paused at the Warp core, smiled, and said, "I'm working on that." During the tour, Hawking requested, and was allowed, to sit in the captain's chair of the Enterprise-D. The Big Bang Theory. (episode 108: "The Hawking Excitation"; episode 117: "The Extract Obliteration" (voice-over); episode 155: "The Relationship Diremption" (voice-over); episode 173: "The Troll Manifestation"; episode 200: "The Celebration Experimentation"; episode 216: "The Geology Elevation"; episode 232: "The Proposal Proposal".)Red Nose Day 2015. Hawking appears with David Walliams and Catherine Tate as an Andy Pipkin character, who transforms into a machine. Voiced himself in animation Futurama: In "Anthology of Interest I" (2000) Hawking appears as a member of the Vice Presidential Action Rangers (VPAR), who guard the space-time continuum. Along with Hawking at the end of the twentieth century they include Al Gore, Nichelle Nichols, Gary Gygax, and their summer intern Deep Blue. He first appears as a customer at the pizzeria where Fry believes him to have "invented gravity", and Hawking neglects to correct him. After learning of Fry's inter-dimensional experience, he arranges for him to be kidnapped by the VPAR. In the 2008 film The Beast with a Billion Backs Hawking appears as his own head in a jar leading a scientific convention organized to study and discuss a tear in the universe. He says that despite writing a book about it, he has no idea what it is. After stunning Professor Farnsworth and Professor Wernstrom with beams from his eyes, he is surprised, remarking, "I didn't know I could do that". Hawking provided his "own" voice for this appearance, and is characterised the same way as in The Simpsons. Hawking appeared in the video game segment of season 6's finale, "Reincarnation" (2011). The Simpsons: In "They Saved Lisa's Brain" (1999) Lisa joins the power-hungry Springfield chapter of Mensa, who take over the local council with the intention of transforming Springfield into a Platonic Utopia. Hawking gets wind of the group's actions and arrives in Springfield to investigate. When Mensa announce their new draconian laws, the crowd gathered quickly transforms into an angry mob. Hawking saves Lisa with his wheelchair, which is equipped with hidden gadgets including retractable helicopter blades and a spring-loaded boxing glove. He later joins Homer for a beer at Moe's, where Homer impresses him with his theory of a donut-shaped universe. He makes a brief cameo in "Life's a Glitch, Then You Die" (1999). He appears queuing for the rocket trip to Mars. During the British Comedy Awards 2004, Hawking was presented with a one-off toy version of himself in Simpson form by Matt Groening, complete with boxing glove. Hawking presented Groening with a lifetime achievement award. In the episode "Don't Fear the Roofer" (2005) he is again at Moe's, for Lenny's birthday party. He later explains that he was tracking a miniature black hole, which drew light away from Homer's "imaginary friend" Ray (guest voice Ray Romano), thus making him invisible to Bart. Homer is therefore able to prove his sanity after being institutionalized. In the episode "Stop or My Dog Will Shoot" (2007) Santa's Little Helper encounters Hawking in a corn maze while searching for a lost Homer. Hawking says "This maze is too hard for me," and then flies off in the helicopter attachment. In the episode, "Elementary School Musical" (2010) Hawking raps with Flight of the Conchords for Lisa. Factual Last Week Tonight with John Oliver. Interview, 15 June 2014 Red Dwarf. Hawking appeared in a special programme about the popular British science fiction series. He praised its creators for their witty use of (pseudo) scientific theories and said he enjoyed watching the show.The 11th Hour. In this film about the effects of human activity on the environment Hawking gave explanations of these effects.Genius of Britain. Hawking presented the links for a five-part 2010 Channel 4 series profiling British scientists.University Challenge 2016–17. Hawking presented the winner's trophy to the team from Balliol College, Oxford.God, the Universe and Everything Else. Interview with Arthur C. Clarke and Carl Sagan. Narration Into the Universe with Stephen Hawking. A three part miniseries about aliens, time travel and the past and present of mankind Masters of Science Fiction. A science fiction anthology series. Played by an actor Hawking. Portrayed by actor Benedict Cumberbatch in a drama about Hawking's time as a postgraduate student at Cambridge University. Stargate Atlantis. In the 5th season of Stargate Atlantis, episode 16 "Brain Storm", where many world physicists were invited to a demonstration of cooling effect using a wormhole between 2 universes. Stephen Hawking, played by an actor, was shown in his chair from behind. Superhero Movie. In a parodied take on Spider-Man, Hawking, played by the actor Robert Joy, jokes about himself within. The Theory of Everything. Portrayed by actor Eddie Redmayne in a biopic about Hawking from the early 1960s to the 1980s. Hawking agreed to allow the filmmakers use of his speech synthesizer voice for the film. Sausage Party. Portrayed by storyboard artist Scott Underwood in the animated movie, parodied as a piece of gum. Referenced Glee. In the episode "What The World Needs Now"; Hawking is referenced as being the biological father of Brittany Pierce. Computer Stew. Hawking's image was animated and used as a character in several episodes. The Wrong Coast. A segment of the show tells about a movie called Party Time Continuum, in which Hawking is portrayed as a time-travelling party-animal played by Seth Green. Weebl and Bob. In their clip "Balance", Hawking flies across the screen in his buggy and the various characters play around with his speech synthesiser against his will, making it say strange things, such as "I've wet my pants". User Friendly. Hawking realizes in a power blackout that all the dark matter in the universe may be grues. Superhero Movie. Hawking, played by actor Robert Joy, first appears as a judge in a science fair who offers weed to the students and later helps Dragonfly (Drake Bell). Knocked Up. Jonah, while playing in a wheelchair, does an imitation of Hawking by saying (in a robot voice) "People think I'm smart because I speak in a robot voice." The Vicar of Dibley. In the episode "Winter" from the Seasonal Specials, when casting for the Christmas Nativity play, Frank Pickle decided to base his version of the Wise Man on Stephen Hawking, speaking in a voice that sounded only slightly similar to Hawking's synthesized voice. Father Ted. In the episode "Are You Right There Father Ted" from the Third Season, Father Dougal mentions an occasion when Father Ted had done an impression of Stephen Hawking in a variety show only for Stephen Hawking to turn up unexpectedly. The Big Bang Theory. In the pilot episode Howard Wolowitz brings over a tape, stating that it is a Stephen Hawking lecture recorded in 1974, "before he became a creepy computer voice." In an episode in Season 2, Leonard impersonates a fellow physicist's impersonation of Hawking on the phone. In an episode in Season Four, it was mentioned that Sheldon had been tricked by his friends into going to the airport at 2am to meet him. In Season 6 episode 6, Sheldon Cooper and Stephen Hawking also engage in a game of 'Words with friends' over internet. The two come up with pet names of Coop and Rolling Thunder. In the end, to Sheldon's dismay, Hawking insults him. Young Sheldon. A copy of Hawking's book, 'A Brief History of Time', can be seen lying on Sheldon's shelf and it's shown and mentioned multiple times throughout the series. The Colbert Report. Stephen Colbert, in character as a right-wing conservative pundit ala Bill O'Reilly, has frequently featured segments entitled "Stephen Hawking is Such an A-Hole", citing reasons such as the 'megalomaniacal' title of his program, "Stephen Hawking: Master of the Universe". "There is only one master of the universe," Colbert responded, "and that's He-Man." Men in Black: International. A copy of Hawking's book A Brief History of Time is seen lying on top of a bed in an early part of the film. The Avengers. Agent Phil Coulson speaks to Captain America aboard the quinjet and describes Bruce Banner as being like Hawking, a "smart guy", when he's not green. Animation The Critic. In the episode "Uneasy Rider" in which he becomes a truck driver, Jay and his new trucker friends go to see "Ultimate Force" at a drive-in, which one of the truckers states will most definitely feature "a tough guy on wheels." The movie turns out to feature Hawking discussing his theories on relative force. Dilbert. Hawking was portrayed in an episode about Dilbert's project, the Gruntmaster 6000, whose "graviton generator" could create a black hole to wipe out all life on Earth. In "field testing" done without consulting Dilbert, the Gruntmaster 6000 was sent to a family in Squiddler's Patch, Texas, where a family of four, living in a trailer, and rather stupid, somehow destroyed the graviton generator, and created a black hole. During the episode, it is "revealed" that Hawking has the power to travel through both time and space via wormholes, and Dilbert learns the hard way that you should never bet money that a theoretical physicist can't do something. Hawking in this also calls Dilbert a "cheap bastard" for only borrowing his book in a library. The Fairly OddParents. Hawking appears in the episode "Remy Rides Again", voiced by Dee Bradley Baker. When Crocker mocks Timmy for thinking that 2+2=5, Remy hires Hawking to prove that this result can actually be obtained, and Timmy was therefore right. At the end of the episode, Hawking rockets away in his wheelchair and disappears like the DeLorean. Crocker runs after him, protesting that 2+2 actually equals 6. Family Guy:Hawking's persona was first featured in the episode "Peter, Peter, Caviar Eater"; it is a brief cameo during the song "This House Is Freaking Sweet"; Hawking is presented as the man who will help Chris do his homework. During this time he is tapping his foot. He makes a cameo appearance on "It Takes a Village Idiot, and I Married One". He is seen with his wife sitting by a fire singing "She'll be coming around the mountain". In "April in Quahog" Hawking has been interviewed by Tricia Takanawa about a black hole dooming the Earth, and afterwards reveals he has faked his illness. It is revealed he worked at The Source of All Dirty Jokes in the episode "The Splendid Source".Ugly Americans. A show on Comedy Central, Leonard and the blob visit Stephen and steal his voice-box for their own use. Mr. Peabody and Sherman. Sherman has a lunchbox with Hawking on it, with the words 'A Brief History of Lunch'. Music and radio Brian May (lead guitarist of Queen and astrophysicist) used recordings of Stephen Hawking's voice in his song "New Horizons (Ultima Thule Mix)" (written to celebrate New Horizon NASA space probe journey). The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy. The voice of the book in the new series, The Hexagonal Phase first broadcast on BBC Radio 4 on Thursday 8 March: BBC Home page for The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy Jon Holmes. The comedian's BBC Radio 6 Music radio show features Hawking reciting songs lyrics as suggested by listeners. These have included 'Gay Bar' by Electric Six and 'Prime Mover' by Zodiac Mindwarp. Greydon Square. The atheist rapper makes several references to Hawking, most poignantly in "The Dream" expressing his dream "to be walking with Stephen Hawking along the beach talking theory". The Bob & Tom Show. Hawking is portrayed (and his computerised voice simulated) in a spoof of the show I'm with Busey. At the end of the spoof, he's heard cursing his roommate for being so stupid. Juno Reactor. Hawking is quoted in the track "Landing" from electronica/ambient band Juno Reactor's album Transmissions. Manic Street Preachers. The band's 2009 album Journal for Plague Lovers features a track entitled "Me and Stephen Hawking". MC Hawking. Using a speech synthesizer similar to Hawking's, nerdcore artist Ken Lawrence performs as the imaginary alter-ego for the "theoretical physicist turned gangster-rapper." Song titles include "E=MC Hawking" ("I explode like a bomb/no one is spared/my power is my mass times the speed of light squared"), "Fuck the Creationists" ("Fuck the damn creationists I say it with authority/because kicking their punk asses be my paramount priority") and "Entropy" ("You down with entropy?") The success of the MC Hawking amongst internet users eventually led to a 'greatest hits' compilation CD entitled A Brief History of Rhyme (a play on Hawking's A Brief History of Time book title), featuring album artwork done by comic artist Tony Moore. Hawking himself is reported to have said that he is "flattered, as it's a modern day equivalent to Spitting Image". Lawrence has performed as MC Hawking for Hawking himself. Pink Floyd. Hawking's "voice" was sampled by Pink Floyd (from a UK British Telecom television advert) and used in their song, "Keep Talking" from the album, The Division Bell (1994). Hawking's voice also appeared on the instrumental track "Talkin' Hawkin'" from their album, The Endless River (2014). Richard Cheese & Lounge Against the Machine. Richard and Hawking sing "The Girl Is Mine" as a charming duet on the album Aperitif for Destruction. (Celebrity voices impersonated.) Robin Williams, on his 2002 DVD Robin Williams: Live on Broadway, mentioned that "I called Stephen Hawking's house once", and proceeded in a mechanical voice: "Hello this is Stephen Hawking." "Yes, I'd like to leave a message." "No. This is Stephen Hawking.". On the B-side track 'Boston' of the CD release of the 2002 comedy tour, Williams mentions that "MIT is the only place Stephen Hawking can do comedy" followed by a René Descartes joke. Todd Rundgren. The song "Hawking" from the 1989 album "Nearly Human" is about Stephen Hawking. Turbonegro. Hawking's voice is featured on the song "Intro: The Party Zone" on Turbonegro's 2005 album Party Animals, saying "Greetings. My name is Stephen Hawking. Anyways... Please follow our denim leaders as they enter the final black hole; a new dimension in rock music. Welcome to the Party Zone." Yes. The song Real Love from their 1994 album Talk includes the line, "Far away, in the depths of Hawking's mind." Symphony of Science. In the original production by John Boswell, portions of Hawking's Universe series were used as lyrics and included in 'A Glorious Dawn'. Radiohead. Stephen Hawking is often mistakenly thought to have given his voice to "Fitter Happier" on Radiohead's album OK Computer. It is actually a Text-to-Speech from Thom Yorke's Apple Macintosh computer via the program SimpleText. Epic Rap Battles of History. Stephen Hawking, portrayed by series co-founder Nice Peter, appeared in the seventh episode against Albert Einstein (portrayed by Zach Sherwin). Peter's portrayal later reappeared in the series' first-season finale and second and third seasons premieres. The FuMP. In Volume 1, the song "Talk Nerdy To Me" (a spoof of "Talk Dirty To Me") includes a Stephen Hawking-like voice near the end of the song, which is an acknowledgement of Hawking's references with "nerd" culture. Nolwenn Leroy. The French singer-songwriter released the song "Stephen", inspired by Hawking's theories, on her 2017 album Gemme. Blaze Bayley. On his 2021 LP, War Within Me, track 9 (The Unstoppable Stephen Hawking) is based on the life of Stephen Hawking. Books, comics and newspapers Ancient Shores. In this science fiction novel, he is one of several luminaries who are heroes of climax of the novel. The Adventures of Dr. McNinja. A character known as Dr. Birding is featured as a parody of Hawkings and The Incredible Hulk, having The Hulk's monstrous transformations, but still remaining paralyzed in monster form. Casey and Andy. In this webcomic by Andy Weir, the titular characters fly to England to kidnap Stephen Hawking to assist them in shutting down a miniature black hole they have opened in their house, only for him to somehow severely injure the duo for attempting to do so (kidnap him) while he was watching EastEnders. The Coming of the Quantum Cats. Several Hawkings from different alternate universes ("in varying states of health") make a cameo appearance in this science fiction novel by Frederik Pohl. They are all involved with their particular Earth's plans to develop technology that would allow travel between alternate universes. How to Die: or The Good Gatsby. In this humoristic novel by Wm. Douglas Warren, Stephen Hawking is discussed in a lengthy comic prose about time travel and his voice machine. Dominic Deegan: Oracle for Hire. Recently, the title character became a teacher at the famous School of Arcane Arts, where he teaches a class called "Secrets of Divination". At the end of his first class, he conjures up a rather large book entitled A Brief History of Everything (Unabridged Version) by Steven Hawkman, the required reading for his course. The name is a paper-thin allusion to Hawking himself, while the title is a slight alteration of A Brief History of Time. Hyperion Cantos. Hawking's name appears across the tetralogy under the terms such as the Hawking drive and the name of the Hegemony frigate HSS Stephen Hawking. Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close. The main character, nine-year-old Oskar Schell, writes letters to Stephen Hawking frequently and once even receives a letter by Hawking that is addressed directly to him. The Onion. Satirical newspaper ran an article claiming that Hawking had constructed himself a super-powered robotic exoskeleton, complete with a jetpack and claws that can rip through tanks. Hawking, with his typical good humour, sent them a letter cursing them for exposing his evil plans for world domination. Hawking also had a printout of the article pinned up in his Cambridge office for some time after it was published. Ultimate X-Men. In Ultimate X-Men #25, there is a reference to Stephen Hawking having written an article on mutants, apparently stating that they were mankind's last hope against the rise of artificial intelligence. This makes him one of the rare humans who sympathize with mutants. In addition, the Earth 616 continuity has stated or hinted more than once that Hawking and Hank McCoy (the Beast) are close friends. Bloom County. In the comic strip, Hawking was said to have had a rivalry with the strip's resident boy scientist, Oliver Wendell Jones. JLA. Batman manages to defeat the supervillain Prometheus by replacing the martial arts skills Prometheus had downloaded into his mind with the physical skills and coordination of Hawking. Batman later commented that this was the "first time [he] ever hit a man with motor neuron disease". Atomic Robo. Hawking creates a fake psychological profile of ATOMIC ROBO indicating the robot hero has a power-standby mode, thus making him an ideal candidate for an envoy for the Viking Mars lander. As ATOMIC ROBO does not have a power-standby mode, this leads ROBO to spend the entire Ten month trip without sufficient means to stave off boredom/maintain sanity. Hyperion. In this novel by Dan Simmons space travel ships are driven by "Hawking drive". This drive was invented by 'race' of Artificial Intelligences (AIs), and allows to make faster-than-light flights.Origin. Hawking makes an appearance in Chapter 98 of this 2017 Dan Brown book stating "It is not necessary to invoke God to set the universe going. Spontaneous creation is the reason there is something rather than nothing." Other media The DVD release of Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban has a picture of one of the wizards in the Leaky Cauldron reading A Brief History of Time while using magic to stir his coffee. British Telecom (BT). Hawking appeared in and did the voice-over for a BT television advert which aired in 1993. Parts of his voice from this were sampled by Pink Floyd and used on their album, The Division Bell which was released in 1994. Shin Megami Tensei. In this video game and its sequel, there is a wheelchair-using character who is obviously based on Stephen Hawking, named Steven. In Shin Megami Tensei IV, the character is referred to as Stephen, further cementing the homage. Chapman Brothers. The British artists produced a sculpture entitled Übermensch depicting Hawking in his wheelchair on top of a rocky outcrop. Go Compare. Hawking announces at a press conference he has formulated the properties needed to generate a black hole; a press reporter asks what Hawking plans to do with it, which leads to a cutaway of the black hole being used to suck in Gio Compario. Phil Hansen. In Phil Hansen's breakout art piece Influential, Stephen Hawking was referenced in 5 of the layers of influence, with one clearly being of Hawking himself. "He affected my outlook on life. He made me think about what life is and what I should do with it."Microshaft Winblows 98. In this parody program, Stephen Hawking (impersonated by an actor) calls Microsoft tech support to complain about the quality of their products. Jimmy Carr – Stand up DVD. Jimmy Carr claims to have written a letter to him from his (fictional) 9-year-old son. According to Carr, Hawking paid for a free balloon ride for Jimmy's fictional disabled son. Symphony of Science. Clips of Hawking are used in the first and fifth installments, "A Glorious Dawn" and "The Poetry of Reality". Touhou Project. ZUN references Hawking in the comments for one of the spell cards of the character Eirin Yagokoro in Imperishable Night, calling him the "wheelchair man". He has also released a song entitled "Future Universe of Wheelchair" on his album Magical Astronomy.Lollipop Chainsaw In the video game, Juliet Starling berates Josey for 'making fun of Stephen Hawking' after he speaks through a voice box. Monty Python Live (Mostly). In the Monty Python's Live Shows in 2014, Hawking sang an extended version of the Galaxy Song, after running down Brian Cox in his wheelchair, in a pre-recorded video. The Simpsons: Tapped Out. Hawking appeared as a guest character in the scifi 2016 event. Jaguar. Stephen Hawking has appeared on television commercials advertising Jaguar cars. Notes References External links Cultural depictions of Stephen Hawking fr:Stephen Hawking#Références dans les médias et la culture populaire
Hebei Television (HEBTV), () is a television network in Hebei province and all parts of the Beijing and Tianjin television viewing areas. Hebei Television also covers parts of Shandong, Henan and Shaanxi provinces and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. More than 120 million people enjoy access to the programs the television provides. Hebei Television has two channels, broadcasting 136 hours of programs and rebroadcasts programs from two other television stations. Besides, HEBTV broadcasts 2 hours of programs to North America each month via the Oriental Satellite Television. Channels HEBTV-1- A comprehensive channel, which broadcasts news, programs in the arts, movies and plays Its major programs are Hebei News Broadcast (Hebei Xinwen Lianbo), Economy Watch (Jingji Guancha), Society Focus (Shehui Shidian), Movie World (Dianying Da Shijie) and Sports Circle (Titan Neiwai). HEBTV-2- Focuses on the economy It broadcasts major programs such as Economy Watch (Jingji Guancha), Economy Express (Jingji Chuanzhen), Securities Today (Jinri Zhengquan) and Economy Life (Jingji Shenghuo). HEBTV-3 (HEBTV-都市) – City Major programs: City Life (Dushi Shenghuo), Sports News (Tiyu Xinwen) HEBTV-4 (HEBTV-影视) – Movie & Television Major Programs: Circulation of Entertainment (Ying shi quan), Movie World (Ying shi da shi jie), Movie & TV Dictionary (Ying shi bao dian) HEBTV-5 (HEBTV-少儿科教) – Children & Education Major Programs: Military Files (Jun shi dang an), Growing (Cheng zhang), Children World (Shao er tian di), SF Movie Review (Kehuan yingshi shangxi) HEBTV-6 (HEBTV-公共) – Public Major Programs: Happy 50 mins (Kuaile 50 fen), Law Time (Fazhi tian di), Chatroom (Liao tian shi) HEBTV-Farmer (HEBTV-农民) – Farmer & Agriculture Major Programs: San nong zui qian xian The television station has three studios. Both the 800-square-meter and 400-square-meter studios are equipped with digital devices. Programs Let's Go Together Perhaps Love Couple List Season 3 (2016) Heechul of Super Junior & Li Feier References External links Official Site China Culture Television networks in China Mass media in Shijiazhuang Television channels and stations established in 1998
The Swiss dagger (Schweizerdolch) is a distinctive type of dagger used in Switzerland and by Swiss mercenaries during the 16th century. It develops from similar dagger types known as basler which were in use during the 14th and 15th centuries. The characteristic mark of the Swiss dagger are two crescent-shaped, inward-bent metal bars delimiting the hilt. The curved shape of the Swiss dagger hilt appeared as early as the 13th century and remained peculiar to Switzerland, and does not appear to have been imitated elsewhere. The blade was characteristically double edged, tapering to a point and usually had a diamond shape cross-section. One of the masterpieces of Hans Holbein the Younger is a 1521 design for a dance of death on the sheath of such a dagger (which was implemented on a number of surviving examples). The dagger was often worn horizontally on the hip, thus the ornaments on the scabbard were often also crafted in a horizontally. After 1550, the Swiss dagger became a prestigious ornamental weapon, with hilt and sheath decorated with precious metal and scenes from the Bible, classical antiquity or Swiss history. Daggers of this period are also referred to as "Holbein" daggers. Schneider (1977) dates the bulk of the extant specimens of this ornamented type to the 1560s to 1570s. The Swiss dagger disappears with the beginning Baroque period, in the early 17th century. Schneider (1977) compiled a full index of all known originals and copies (including a considerable number of 19th-century imitations forgeries), for a total of 156 specimens. Many copies of originals were made in the period of national Romanticism (19th century), using a casting method. Schneider was able to distinguish copies from originals due to a slight shrinking due to the casting process. His conclusion was that only slightly less than half of the extant "Holbein" daggers are originals. The ordnance dagger issued to officers in the Swiss Armed Forces beginning in 1943 was modeled after the historical Swiss dagger. In Nazi Germany, the hilts of some political and military daggers (worn by members of SS, SA, and NSKK formations) were also modeled on the Swiss dagger. In the Swiss army, the dagger was removed from the officers' dress uniform in 1995. See also List of daggers Swiss arms and armour Baselard Medieval dagger Swiss degen References Hugo Schneider, Der Schweizerdolch, Waffen- und Kulturgeschichtliche Entwicklung mit vollständiger Dokumentation der bekannten Originale und Kopien, Zurich (1977); review: B. Thomas, Zeitschrift für schweizerische Archäologie und Kunstgeschichte 35 (1978), 198f.. E. A. Gessler, "Eine Schweizerdolchscheide mit der Darstellung des Totentanzes", Rapport annuel / Musée National Suisse 39 (1930), 85–94. Old Swiss Confederacy Daggers Renaissance-era weapons
Arkebek is a municipality in the district of Dithmarschen, in Schleswig-Holstein, Germany. See also Albersdorf (Amt Kirchspielslandgemeinde) References Dithmarschen
San Vicente de Cañete, commonly known as San Vicente or Cañete, is a city and capital of the Cañete Province, in southern Lima Region. With a population of 85,533 (2015 estimate). The warm and peaceful town of Cañete is located just one and a half hour to the south of Lima (144 km) and serves, for tourists, primarily as a gateway to the Lunahuaná District. The Plaza de Armas lies on 2 de Mayo, a few blocks inland from the spot on the Pan-American Highway, where buses pause for passengers to get on or off. All buses heading south from Lima or north to Lima on the Pan-American Highway pass through Cañete. This is one of the most important homes of the most representative liquor from Peru: the Pisco. Cerro Azul, Peru is a district north of the city centre San Vicente de Cañete. The first inhabitants of these lands were the Huarcos. Later, the area was inhabited by descendants of slaves forced to work on the plantations. The slaves and their descendants lived here. The slaves arrived from Guinea, the Congo, and Angola, brought to the Peruvian coast during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries to work in the cotton and sugar cane fields and in the vineyards. It also has a district called Asia which has a lot of beaches which people from Lima rent houses and there is also a mall called Sur Plaza Boulevard. References Populated places in the Lima Region
Castel Giubileo is the second Zone of Rome in the Ager Romanus, identified as Z. II. History The history of the current Castel Giubileo dates back directly to the ancient city of Fidenae which, based on archaeological evidence, was built around the 11th century BC in an extremely important strategic position between Via Salaria and Via Nomentana. From here, it dominated the commercial routes between Etruria, Sabina and southern Italy, as well as the navigable stretch of the Tiber, where the commercial traffic took place. The settlement, surrounded by walls, extended its control also to the area of Monte Sacro and was flourishing – above all in consideration of the fertility of the soil (due to the proximity to the river and the presence of volcanic debris or Tuffs) – even before the foundation of Rome. In 1280 the area belonged to the monastery of St. Cyriacus. Later, the castle (castrum) was purchased by Pope Boniface VIII, maybe with the proceeds from the 1300 Jubilee; hence the origin of the name Castel Giubileo is commonly assumed. Actually the name derives from that of the Giubilei family from the rione Trevi, to which a certain Buzio di Giubileo belonged still in 1371. Due to the strategic importance of its location, the condottiero Paolo Orsini attacked and occupied it in 1406. Stories of looting and depredations continued in the following periods, thus decreeding the complete abandonment of the Castle until the end of the 19th century, when it began to be used for agricultural purposes. The present urban settlement was built after World War II by immigrants coming from many Italian regions, including the first Venetian farmhands, called by Mussolini for the reclamation of the Ager Romanus. The Castel Giubileo train wreck On 12 August 1900, at. 11:51 pm, the area was the scene of a serious train wreck, which occurred along the Florence-Rome railway. A failure to report a train, which had stopped due to a breakdown, caused a rear-end collision with twenty victims and a hundred injured. The disaster had great resonance at the time, as the crashed train was transporting the foreign delegations who had just attended the funeral of King Umberto I and the subsequent coronation of Victor Emmanuel III. Among the victims was the Baron Giuseppe Baratelli, Senator of the Kingdom, to whom Alfredo Oriani dedicated his book Ombre di occaso. Among the other passengers involved in the wreck there was the Duke of Oporto, the Turkish delegation and the representative of the King of Belgium, who suffered the fracture of both legs. Geography The zone is located in the northern area of the city, close to and inside the Grande Raccordo Anulare. The territory of Castel Giubileo includes the urban zones 4D Fidene, 4E Serpentara and part of the urban zone 4L Aeroporto dell'Urbe. The historical village of Castel Giubileo, wedged between the Via Salaria and the river Tiber, is made up of three small, distinct cores, one of which is located on the low hill where the homonymous castle rises. The two cores at the foot of the hill converge in a larger one in the north, structured according to a sequence of parallel streets between two main roads (Via Grottazzolina and Via Montappone) which can be regarded as the main axes of the settlement. At the western end of this area there are small artisan businesses and some hotels. The commercial area (very modest in size) extends along the axis in the south. Another housing complex is located close to the bank of the Tiber: here there is a primary school and a nursery. The shopping center Galleria Porta di Roma, surrounded by Via Casale Redicicoli, on the border with Casal Boccone, was inaugurated in 2007. Boundaries Castel Giubileo borders northward with Zona Marcigliana (Z.III), whose boundary is marked by a stretch of the Grande Raccordo Anulare, between Ponte di Castel Giubileo and Via di Settebagni. Eastward, the zone borders with Zona Casal Boccone (Z. IV), from which is separated by Via di Settebagni (near the Grande Raccordo Anulare), Viale Franco Arcalli, Piazza Giulietta Masina, Via Elsa de' Giorgi, Via Giuseppe De Santis and Via delle Vigne Nuove up to the Viadotto Antonio Segni. To the south, it borders with Zona Val Melaina (Z. I): the border is marked by Viadotto Antonio Segni up to Via Giacomo Brodolini, then by the latter up to Via Gaetano Martino, by Via Pian di Scò ; from here, as the crow flies, to the river Tiber . To the west, Castel Giubileo borders with Zona Grottarossa (Z. LVI), from which is separated by the Tiber, up to the Ponte di Castel Giubileo (Grande Raccordo Anulare). Historical subdivisions The frazioni of Colle Salario and Villa Spada belong to the territory of Castel Giubileo. Odonymy In addition to the odonyms of the area of Fidene (municipalities of Tuscany), Colle Salario (municipalities of Marche), streets and squares are mainly dedicated to actors and directors (particularly in the area of Serpentara) and to opera singers. In the frazione of Villa Spada, there is a group of streets named after religious personalities. Odonyms of the zone can be categorized as follows: Actors, e.g. Via Ferruccio Amendola, Via Rosina Anselmi, Viale Cesco Baseggio, Viale Carmelo Bene, Largo Lyda Borelli, Via Ernesto Calindri, Via Mario Castellani, Via Adolfo Celi, Viale Gino Cervi, Via Luigi Cimara, Viale Titina De Filippo, Via Elsa De Giorgi, Via Tina Di Lorenzo, Via Franco Fabrizi, Via Franco Franchi, Via Sylva Koscina, Via Alberto Lionello, Piazza Giulietta Masina, Via Maria Melato, Largo Rina Morelli, Via Tina Pica, Via Salvo Randone, Via Stefano Satta Flores, Via Sergio Tofano, Via Gian Maria Volonté; Directors, e.g. Via Carlo Ludovico Bragaglia, Via Leonardo De Mitri, Via Giuseppe De Santis, Via Fratelli Corbucci (dedicated to brothers Bruno and Sergio Corbucci), Via Alberto Lattuada, Via Nanni Loy, Via Giorgio Moser, Via Elvira Notari, Via Mario Soldati; Film producers, e.g. Via Giuseppe Amato, Via Goffredo Lombardo; Opera singers, e.g. Via Matteo Babini, Via Cesare Badiali, Piazza Marianna Benti Bulgarelli, Viale Lina Cavalieri, Via Nazzareno De Angelis, Piazza Fernando De Lucia, Via Bernardo De Muro, Via Mario Del Monaco, Largo Cloe Elmo, Via Erminia Frezzolini, Via Edoardo Garbin, Via Luigi Lablache, Via Gaspare Pacchiarotti, Via Ezio Pinza, Via Tito Schipa, Via Sorelle Tetrazzini (dedicated to the sisters Eva and Luisa Tetrazzini); Religious figures, e.g. Via San Bernardino da Siena, Via Gaspare Bertoni, Via Maria Elena Bettini, Via Ludovico da Casoria, Via Francesco Antonio Marcucci, Via Annibale Maria di Francia, Via San Massimiliano Kolbe, Via San Pietro Parenzo; Singers and songwriters, e.g. Via Rino Gaetano, Largo Luigi Tenco; Towns of Marche, e.g. Largo Borgo Pace, Via Camerata Picena, Via Castelsantangelo sul Nera, Via Comunanza, Via Cupramontana, Via Fiastra, Via Grottazzolina, Via Montappone, Via Monte Giberto, Via Monte Urano, Largo Montedinove, Via Rapagnano, Largo Santa Vittoria in Matenano, Via Serrapetrona; Towns of Tuscany, e.g. Via Altopascio, Via Barberino di Mugello, Via Cortona, Via Incisa Valdarno, Via Lajatico, Via Pieve a Nievole, Via Quarrata, Via Radicofani, Via Rio nell'Elba, Via Sambuca Pistoiese, Via San Gimignano, Via Sansepolcro, Piazza Stia, Via Vernio; TV hosts, e.g. Via Corrado Mantoni. The area is crossed by a viaduct, three sections of which are dedicated to the presidents of the Italian Republic Sandro Pertini, Antonio Segni and Giuseppe Saragat. Infrastructures and transports The Fidene railway station, which is located along the Florence–Rome railway, is served by regional trains managed by Trenitalia on the basis of the contract of service stipulated with the Lazio Region. Between 1906 and 1932 the locality was also served by a stop of the Rome-Civita Castellana tramway, managed by Società Romana per le Ferrovie del Nord (SRFN). Places of interest Civil buildings Castel Giubileo, in Salita di Castel Giubileo. A 14th-century castle. Casale di Villa Spada, in Via Piteglio. A 19th-century farmhouse. Ponte di Castel Giubileo, a bridge of the Grande Raccordo Anulare on the river Tiber, opened in 1951. Religious buildings Santa Felicita e figli martiri, in Via Don Giustino Maria Russolillo. Parish church erected on 16 July 1958 according to the decree "Sanctissimus dominus" by Cardinal Vicar Clemente Micara. Santi Crisante e Daria, in Via Castignano. Parish church erected on 1 July 1964 according to the decree "Quo pastorali studio" by Cardinal Vicar Clemente Micara. Sant'Innocenzo I papa e San Guido vescovo, in via Radicofani. Parish church erected on 1 March 1981 by decree of Cardinal Vicar Ugo Poletti. Sant'Alberto Magno, in Via delle Vigne Nuove. Parish church erected on 1 September 1983 according to the decree "Seguendo l'esempio" by Cardinal Vicar Ugo Poletti. Sant'Ugo, in Viale Lina Cavalieri. San Giovanni della Croce a Colle Salario, in via Apecchio. Archaeological sites Protohistoric house of Fidenae, in Via Quarrata. A house built in the 9th century BC. Villa of Via Serrapetrona, in Via Serrapetrona. A 2nd-century BC villa. Villa of Castel Giubileo (site I), in Via Force. A 1st-century BC villa. Villa of Castel Giubileo (site XV), in Via Piagge and Via Monteciccardo. A 1st-century BC villa. Villa of Tenuta Serpentara (site 1), in Via dei Colli della Serpentara. A 1st-century BC villa. Villa of Tenuta Serpentara (site 2), in Via dei Colli della Serpentara. A 1st-century BC villa. Villa of Via Cesco Baseggio, in Viale Cesco Baseggio. A 1st-century BC villa. Paleochristian basilica Beati Arcangeli in Septimo, in Salita di Castel Giubileo. A basilica of the imperial age. Roman cistern of Villa Spada, in Via Maria Elena Bettini. A cistern of the imperial age. Museums Museo della carta, della stampa e dell'informazione, in via Salaria. Nature areas Parco Carlo Marzano, in Via Virgilio Talli. Parco delle Betulle, in Viale Lina Cavalieri. Parco di Largo Labia, in Largo Fausta Labia. Notes Bibliography External links Zones of Rome
Stuart Kirk Inman (August 2, 1926 – January 30, 2007) was an American basketball player, coach and executive. He was selected in the sixth round of the 1950 NBA draft from San Jose State University by the Chicago Stags; however, he did not play in the NBA. Early life and education Inman played college basketball at San Jose State from 1947 to 1950. As a senior, he averaged 14.9 points. Coaching career After graduating from San Jose State, Inman became head coach at Madera High School in Madera, California for a season, then was head coach at Theodore Roosevelt High School in Fresno from 1951 to 1953. He then moved up to the junior college level as head coach at Santa Ana City College from 1953 to 1955, then at Orange Coast Junior College from 1955 to 1957. From 1957 to 1960, Inman was an assistant coach at San Jose State before serving as head coach from 1960 to 1966. Executive career In 1970, Inman was one of several people who started the expansion Portland Trail Blazers NBA franchise, and initially served as chief scout. He also served as interim coach at the end of the 1971–72 season, after Rolland Todd was fired midway through the season. Inman played a significant role in the building of Portland Trail Blazers' 1976–77 NBA championship team, acquiring Bill Walton, Geoff Petrie, Larry Steele, Lloyd Neal, Lionel Hollins, Bobby Gross, Wally Walker and Johnny Davis through the draft, signed Dave Twardzik after the American Basketball Association folded, and selected Maurice Lucas in the ABA dispersal draft. Inman later served as the team's general manager from 1981 through 1986. As the general manager for the Trail Blazers, Inman selected the oft-injured Kentucky center Sam Bowie with the number-two pick in the 1984 NBA draft, one spot ahead of the Chicago Bulls who selected Michael Jordan. At the time Portland already had shooting guards (Clyde Drexler and Jim Paxson) and were in need of a center. Inman reflected on the move in 1992, telling The Palm Beach Post, "There's really no excuse. [...] I knew Michael Jordan; I spent that summer with Bobby Knight and that Olympic team and I can't say I saw that greatness that would manifest itself." Inman worked for the Milwaukee Bucks as their director of player personnel from 1986 to 1987. He was the director of player personnel for the Miami Heat from the team's inception in 1987 to 1992. He served as a consultant to Dallas Mavericks head coach Quinn Buckner during the 1993–94 season. He later served as an assistant coach at Lake Oswego High School. He died at age 80 in Lake Oswego, Oregon of a heart attack. Head coaching record College NBA \|- \| align="left" \|Portland \| align="left" \| \|26\|\|6\|\|20\|\|\|\| 5th in Pacific \|align="center"\|– \|align="center"\|– \|align="center"\|– \|align="center"\|– \| align="center"\|– \|-class="sortbottom" \| align="left" \|Career \| \|\| 26\|\|6\|\|20\|\|\|\| \|align="center"\|– \|align="center"\|– \|align="center"\|– \|align="center"\|– \| align="center"\|– References Additional sources External links Basketball-Reference.com: Stu Inman 1926 births 2007 deaths Place of birth missing Amateur Athletic Union men's basketball players American men's basketball coaches American men's basketball players Basketball coaches from California Basketball players from Alameda County, California Centers (basketball) Chicago Stags draft picks High school basketball coaches in California Junior college men's basketball coaches in the United States Portland Trail Blazers executives Portland Trail Blazers head coaches San Jose State Spartans men's basketball coaches San Jose State Spartans men's basketball players Sportspeople from Lake Oswego, Oregon Sportspeople from Portland, Oregon Basketball players from Portland, Oregon
The 2006–07 GET-ligaen season began on 7 September 2006 and ended 22 February 2007. Regular season Final standings GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; OTW = Overtime Wins; OTL = Overtime losses; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; PTS = Points; (C)=ChampionsSource: hockey.no Statistics Scoring leaders GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/– = Plus/minus; PIM = Penalty minutesSource: hockey.no Leading goaltenders GP = Games played; Min = Minutes played; W = Wins; L = Losses; GA = Goals against; SO = Shutouts; Sv% = Save percentage; GAA = Goals against averageSource: hockey.no Playoffs Source: hockey.no Promotion/Relegation GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; T = Ties; OTW = Overtime Wins; OTL = Overtime losses; GF = Goals for; GA = Goals against; PTS = Points; (P)=PromotedSource: hockey.no References External links Eliteserien (ice hockey) seasons Norway GET
Enrique Roberto Gámez Quintero (born July 13, 1981) is an Ecuadorian footballer who plays for Rocafuerte. Honors LDU Quito Serie A: 2010 Recopa Sudamericana: 2010 References External links Gámez's FEF Player Card 1981 births Living people Footballers from Esmeraldas, Ecuador Men's association football fullbacks Ecuadorian men's footballers L.D.U. Portoviejo footballers C.D. Cuenca footballers Barcelona S.C. footballers C.S.D. Macará footballers L.D.U. Quito footballers Mushuc Runa S.C. footballers Ecuador men's international footballers
The Center for Scientific Studies in the Arts (NU-ACCESS) is a collaborative initiative between Northwestern University and the Art Institute of Chicago. The institute is dedicated to the convergence diverse scientific disciplines applied to the realm of art conservation and study. Established in 2004 and supported by the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the center employs scientific and technical methods to investigate and preserve artistic and cultural artifacts, helping to uncover details about their creation, history, and conservation. Researchers and scientists at the center employ a variety of techniques, including imaging, spectroscopy, and materials analysis, to study artworks in a non-invasive and non-destructive manner. The center also works to develop new technologies and methods for art investigation and to train the next generation of researchers in similar fields. History The Center for Scientific Studies in the Arts, also known as the Northwestern University-Art Institute of Chicago Center for Scientific Studies in the Arts (NU-ACCESS), functions at the intersection of art and science, aiming to apply various scientific disciplines to the conservation and analysis of art and cultural heritage. NU-ACCESS emerged as a response to a growing need for interdisciplinary research in the field of art conservation. It was founded in 2004 by Katherine Faber and Francesca Casadio, who have been instrumental in guiding its research and educational initiatives. Under their leadership, NU-ACCESS grew quickly into a prominent facility for art conservation research, education, and collaboration, furthering its mission to enhance the understanding and preservation of cultural heritage through scientific innovation and interdisciplinary cooperation. It brings together polymer scientists, chemists, electrical engineers, and ceramists to work collaboratively on the analysis and preservation of artworks. The center's activities range from studying the curing processes of artists’ paints to employing advanced digital imaging techniques for analyzing the evolution of color in artworks. The center’s mission is threefold: "to conduct object-based and object-inspired research, to extend research opportunities to museums and cultural institutions beyond the Art Institute of Chicago," and to foster educational exchanges between the academic community and professionals in conservation and curation. NU-ACCESS is a novel model in the U.S., moving beyond the traditional confines of museum-based scientific research and creating a centralized hub for collaborative art studies. In 2013, the center’s impact and reach were further solidified with a $2.5 million grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. This grant enabled NU-ACCESS to expand its partnership, providing access to its scientific tools and expertise to a broader audience across the country. The center, physically based at Northwestern University, facilitates interdisciplinary research partnerships and serves as a collaborative hub for scholars, scientists, and museum professionals.NU-ACCESS has been involved in numerous research projects and has contributed to significant exhibitions at the Art Institute of Chicago, such as “Matisse: Radical Invention, 1913-1917” and “Watercolors by Winslow Homer: The Color of Light.” Its work has played a crucial role in uncovering details about the materials and techniques used by artists, and in some cases, identifying the origins of unmarked artworks. Research The research endeavors at the Center represent a multidisciplinary integration of academic expertise, advanced technological infrastructure, and cross-institutional collaboration. The Center garners the collective knowledge and skills of students and researchers from the McCormick School of Engineering, Weinberg College of Arts and Sciences, and the Mary and Leigh Block Museum of Art at Northwestern University. These academic entities synergize with the conservators, curators, and conservation scientists from the Art Institute of Chicago to create an environment for scholarly inquiry and the advancement of conservation practices. One of the notable projects involves the use of X-Ray Computed Tomography to non-invasively visualize both the internal and external geometries of art objects, enabling precise measurements of size and density calculations. This technique plays a crucial role in preserving the integrity of the artifacts while still allowing for comprehensive analysis. In the realm of analog holography, the Center has undertaken a significant project to document and technically study these unique art forms. The project utilizes a range of non-invasive techniques to capture the light field of the hologram, enabling a visualization of the dynamic parallax effect. This holistic approach also facilitates a deeper understanding of the chemical and physical structure of the holograms. A substantial focus has also been placed on the scientific investigation of materials and techniques employed by historical artists. This is exemplified in the detailed study of “Danaë” by Orazio Gentileschi, aiming to discern variations in the Italian master’s painting technique and resolve debates regarding the presence of pentimenti. Similarly, there has been an exploration into the painting materials and techniques of James Tissot, bridging the gap between his academic training and avant-garde movements of his era. Innovations at the Center extend to the development of new methodologies and analytical tools. The discrimination of plant gums through MALDI-MS represents a novel glycemic approach, while the introduction of an X-Ray Fluorescence Super-Resolution scanning method seeks to achieve higher spatial resolution scans with enhanced Signal-to-Noise Ratios. The Center also harnesses the capabilities of hyperspectral imaging, applying it in innovative ways for art analysis. This includes the use of 3D hyperspectral data cubes, providing a rich dataset for multivariate analysis, and the implementation of hyperspectral microscopy and holography as molecular characterization tools. Technical studies of artworks extend to the examination of bronze sculptures, contributing to a better understanding of sculptural editions and the involvement of different foundries in artists’ practices. Additionally, the technical study of “Poèmes Barbares” by Paul Gauguin aims to elucidate the role of this painting in Gauguin’s oeuvre using non-invasive analytical techniques. The preservation of historical artworks is further addressed through the study of soap protrusions on oil paintings by Georgia O’Keeffe, guiding conservation decisions, and the use of optical imaging for watermark detection, presenting a cost-effective and efficient alternative to beta-radiography. Interdisciplinary collaborations have also led to external projects, such as the partnership with Museo de Arte de Puerto Rico in understanding the palette and technique of Puerto Rican artists from the 18th to 20th centuries. Additionally, the use of augmented reality has enabled the investigation of an ancient mummy, providing a unique and interactive experience for both researchers and the public. References 2004 establishments Northwestern University
Nuages (Live at Yoshi's, vol. 2) is a live album by jazz guitarist Joe Pass that was released in 1997. Reception Writing for Allmusic, music critic Richard S. Ginell wrote "Far from being a casual collection of rejects, there is plenty of mellow gold from Joe Pass on this posthumously released second volume from what must have been a memorable gig at this Oakland, California night spot." Track listing Personnel Joe Pass – guitar John Pisano – acoustic guitar, electric guitar Monty Budwig – bass Colin Bailey – drums Production & other Eric Miller – producer David Luke – engineer, mixing Andrew Niedzwiecki – assistant engineer George Horn – mastering Dan Ouellette – liner notes Jamie Putnam – art direction Gilles Margerin – design Takao Miyakaka – photography References Joe Pass live albums 1997 live albums
Blender.io is a cryptocurrency mixer that was established in 2017. In 2022, it was sanctioned by the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury for allegedly aiding the Lazarus Group, a hacking group associated with the government of North Korea. The Treasury Department stated that this was the first sanction that they had imposed on a cryptocurrency mixer. References See also Tornado Cash ChipMixer Cryptocurrency tumblers 2017 establishments
CC & Lee is a band from Sweden, established in 2003. Their major breakthrough was Dansbandskampen 2008. In November 2011, it was announced that the band would no longer appear as a dansband. Members Cecilia "CC" Furlong - Vocals Lena "Lee" Ström - Vocals Robert Furlong - Guitar Henrik Ström - Piano Roger Holmberg - Bass Daniel Uhlas - Drums Discography Studio albums 2009: Gåva till dig Singles 2009: Himlen kan vänta 2009: Leende guldbruna ögon 2009: Leende guldbruna ögon (Perra remix) 2009: Kan du se genom tårarna 2010: Honey References External links Official website CC & Lee at Facebook CC & Lee at Myspace 2003 establishments in Sweden Dansbands Musical groups established in 2003 Musical groups from Malmö
Paradjanov () is a 2013 Ukrainian biographical drama film directed by Serge Avedikian and Olena Fetisova, about film director Sergei Parajanov. The film was selected as the Ukrainian entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 86th Academy Awards, but it was not nominated. Plot The film tells the story of film director Sergei Parajanov. He makes great films that bring him international recognition. His defiant behavior leads to conflict with the Soviet totalitarian regime. Parajanov is thrown into prison on trumped-up charges. But an unwavering love of beauty gives strength to create, despite years of imprisonment and a ban on working in cinema. Cast Serge Avedikian as Paradjanov Karen Badalov as Laert Yuliya Peresild as Svetlana Production The film was created with the financial support of the State Cinema of Ukraine, ARTE FRANCE, the Georgian National Film Center and the Armenian National Film Center. The budget of the tape was ₴ 22.6 million (approximately 2 million Euros). The financial share of the State Cinema amounted to ₴ 11.3 million. Filming took place in France, Ukraine (including the Drohobych Correctional Facility), Armenia, and Georgia. See also List of submissions to the 86th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film List of Ukrainian submissions for the Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film References External links 2013 films 2013 biographical drama films Ukrainian biographical films Ukrainian-language films 2013 drama films Ukrainian drama films
In mathematics, a grope is a construction used in 4-dimensional topology, introduced by and named by "because of its multitudinous fingers". Capped gropes were used by as a substitute for Casson handles, that work better for non-simply-connected 4-manifolds. A capped surface in a 4-manifold is roughly a surface together with some 2-disks, called caps, whose boundaries generate the fundamental group of the surface. A capped grope is obtained by repeatedly replacing the caps of a capped surface by another capped surface. Capped surfaces and capped gropes are studied in . References 4-manifolds
"I Wanna Be Loved by You" is a song written by Herbert Stothart and Harry Ruby, with lyrics by Bert Kalmar, for the 1928 musical Good Boy. It was first performed by Helen Kane on September 5, 1928, who was the inspiration behind the cartoon Betty Boop. "I Wanna Be Loved by You" was chosen as one of the Songs of the Century in a survey by the RIAA to which 200 people responded (out of 1300 asked). One of Marilyn Monroe's most famous musical performances is her singing the song in Billy Wilder's classic farce Some Like It Hot. Background The song was first performed in 1928 by Helen Kane, who became known as the 'Boop-Boop-a-Doop Girl' because of her baby-talk, scat-singing tag line to the song. This version was recorded when Kane's popularity started to reach its peak, and became her signature song. Two years later, a cartoon character named Betty Boop was modeled after Kane. Desirée Goyette performs the number as Betty Boop in the 1980s animated film The Romance of Betty Boop. In 1950, the song was a highlight of the Kalmer-Ruby biopic Three Little Words, performed by Debbie Reynolds and Carleton Carpenter as Helen Kane and vaudeville performer Dan Healy. Helen Kane dubbed the vocal for Reynolds’ voice. In popular culture In Gentlemen Marry Brunettes (1955) about Jazz Age this song is performed by Jane Russell, Jeanne Crain (dubbed by Anita Ellis) and Rudy Vallee. In a The Wednesday Play episode ("Up the Junction", November 3, 1965, directed by Ken Loach), Carol White as Sylvie sings the song in a pub. In a Gilligan's Island episode, Ginger Grant sings the song on at least one occasion for the entertainment of the fellow castaways. Her performance so impresses Mary Ann Summers that she takes on Ginger's personality and identity after hitting her head. However, when Mary Ann tries to sing the song, her lack of talent makes her uncomfortable and she faints, snapping out of her amnesia. In an episode of The Brady Bunch ("Never Too Old", October 5, 1973), Bobby (Mike Lookinland) must quarantine from the family after his first kiss with Millicent (Melissa Sue Anderson) could potentially produce the mumps. Meanwhile, Mike (Robert Reed), in his den with Carol (Florence Henderson), pulls out his ukulele as Carol leads them in a duet of their own rendition. Alice (Ann B. Davis) pokes her head in, duster brandishing on cue with her closing "Boop-Boop-Be-Doop." In an episode of The Golden Girls, ("Journey to the Center of Attention," February 22, 1992), Blanche butchers the song at The Rusty Anchor. In Rob Zombie's 2003 film House of 1000 Corpses, Baby Firefly performs the song for the family's unwitting victims. In the Australian musical adaptation of King Kong, the number is performed as Ann Darrow is robbed by thugs who taunt her. The song also been recorded by performers Vaughn De Leath, Annette Hanshaw, Jack Lemmon, Frank Sinatra, Miss Miller and The Chipettes, Rose Murphy, Verka Serduchka, Patricia Kaas, Sinéad O'Connor, Jinx Titanic, Shiina Ringo, Claire Johnston, Eve's Plum and Barry Manilow (in a duet with the Marilyn Monroe recording) among others. The song is performed in the 2007 television version of Kingdom of Crooked Mirrors. The song is on the trailer of the Ti West 2022 movie Pearl References External links Song on Discogs 1928 songs Songs with lyrics by Bert Kalmar Songs with music by Harry Ruby Marilyn Monroe songs Songs from musicals
Clover Hill is an unincorporated community in Albemarle County, Virginia. References Unincorporated communities in Virginia Unincorporated communities in Albemarle County, Virginia
The list of modern historians of the Crusades identifies those authors of histories of the Crusades from the 20th century through the present whose works are widely read. This is a continuation of the list of later historians of the Crusades which discusses historians from the 13th century through the end of the 19th century. That list was, in turn a continuation of the list of sources for the Crusades and the list of collections of Crusader sources. Two good references for these biographies are available. The first is The Routledge Companion to the Crusades by historian Peter Lock. The second is the Historians of the Crusades (2007–2008), an on-line database of scholars working in the field of Crusader studies. Early Twentieth Century Historians from the early part of the 20th century include the following. J. B. Bury. John Bagnell (J. B.) Bury (1861–1927), an Anglo-Irish historian, classical scholar, Medieval Roman (Byzantine) historian and philologist. Edward Gibbon's History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire, 6 volumes (1898). A new edition, edited and with notes by J. B. Bury. The Cambridge Medieval History, 8 volumes (1911–1936). Planned by J .B. Bury. The Eastern Roman Empire 717–1453 (1923). Volume 4 of the Cambridge Medieval History. Translations and Reprints from the Original Sources of History. Translations and Reprints from the Original Sources of History, 6 volumes (1901). A collection published by the University of Pennsylvania that includes articles by Dana C. Munro on Urban II, letters from the Crusaders and the Fourth Crusade. Biographies. A number of biographies of Crusader figures were published in the 20th century, including the following: The Ancestry and Life of Godfrey of Bouillon (1947). By John Andressohn. Bohemond I, Prince of Antioch (1917). By Ralph Yewdale. Raymond IV, count of Toulouse. By John Hugh Hill and Laurita Lyttleton Hill. Robert II of Flanders in the First Crusade (1928). By M. M. Knappen. Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy (1920). By Charles W. Davis. Joseph Delaville Le Roulx. Joseph Delaville Le Roulx (1855–1911), a French historian specializing on the Knights Hospitaller (Order of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem). Les Hospitaliers à Rhodes, 1310–1421 (1874). Documents concernant les Templiers extraits des archives de Malte (1882). Les archives la bibliothèque et le trésor de l'Ordre de Saint-Jean de Jérusalem à Malte (1883). The archives the library and treasury of the Order of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem in Malta. La France en Orient au xive siècle: expéditions du maréchal Boucicaut. (1885). An account of the travels of French marshal Jean II Le Maingre (1366–1421), known as Boucicaut, a knight renown for his martial skills and chivalry. He was the sole participant in the Crusade of Marchal Boucicaut to Constantinople in 1399. Cartulaire général de l'Ordre des Hospitaliers, 4 volumes (1894-1904). Collection edited by le Roulx that consists of various charters and documents of the Order of the Knights of St. John of Jerusalem which are numbered and organized chronologically from 1100 to 1310. Les Hospitaliers en Terre sainte et à Chypre (1100–1319) (1904). Les Hospitaliers à Rhodes jusqu'à la mort de Philibert de Naillac (1310-1421) (1913). Dana Carleton Munro. Dana Carleton Munro (1866–1933), an American historian. The Fourth Crusade (1896). In Volume 3.I of Translations and Reprints from the Original Sources of History. A Syllabus of Medieval History, 395-1300 (1899). Includes chapters of chivalry, the Byzantine empire, the Saracen empires, and the Crusades. Extended to 1500 by American medieval historian Joseph R. Strayer (1904–1987), published in 1942. Letters of the Crusaders (1902). Correspondence regarding the First through Sixth Crusades, and others through 1281. Published as a stand-alone document as well as Volume 1.IV of Translations and Reprints. Essays on the Crusades (1902). With works by Munro, Hans Prutz (1843–1929) and Charles Diehl (1859–1944). Urban and the Crusaders (1902). Collection of sources including Urban II at the Council of Clermont (also published separately), the Truce of God, privileges granted to the Crusaders, Peter the Hermit, and selected bibliography. Volume 1.II of Translations and Reprints. Christian and Infidel in the Holy Land (1902). In Essays on the Crusades. A History of the Middle Ages (1902). A textbook on the history of the Western world from Charlemagne until the fourteenth century, including the Byzantine empire, the Muslim world from 750 to 1095, and the Crusades from 1096 to 1204. Medieval Civilization: Selected Studies from European Authors (1904). with American historian George Sellery (1872–1962). Includes articles on: Chivalry (Jacques Flach); Character and results of the Crusades (Charles Seignobos); ibn Jubayr's al-Rihlah; and Material for Literature from the Crusades (Vincent Vaublanc). Did the Emperor Alexios I ask for aid at the Council of Piacenza, 1095? (1922) An article in the American Historical Review. The Kingdom of the Crusaders (1935). Based on Munro's lectures of 1924. A history from before the First Crusade until the loss of Jerusalem to Saladin in 1189. With an extensive bibliography. Girolamo Golubovich. Girolamo Golubovich (1865–1941), an Italian historian. Serie cronologica dei reverendissimi superiori di Terra Santa (1898). A chronological series on the Grand Masters of the Knights Templar. (1900). The travel account of Italian friar Francesco Suriano (1480-1481). Edited by G. Golubovich. Biblioteca bio-bibliografica della Terra Santa e dell'Oriente francescano, 14 volumes (1906–1927). Collectanea Terrae Sanctae ex archivo Hierosolymitano deprompta (1933). Edited by G. Golubovich. William Miller. William Miller (1864–1945), a British-born medievalist and journalist, specializing in the period of Frankish rule in Greece following the sack of Constantinople in 1204. Travels and Politics in the Near East (1898). The Latins in the Levant: History of Frankish Greece (1204–1566) (1908). Essays on the Latin Orient (1921). A comprehensive history of Greece, from Roman times, through the Byzantine empire, rule by the Franks, Venetians and Genoese, Turkish Greece (1460–1684), and the Venetian revival (1684–1718). Includes brief sections on the Balkans, the Latin kingdom of Jerusalem, and a biography of Anna Komnene, called a Byzantine Blue Stocking. Empire of Trebizond, the Last Greek Empire (1926). A history of the Empire of Trebizond (1204–1461), a successor state to the Eastern Roman Empire. Ferdinand Chalandon. Ferdinand Chalandon (1875–1921), a French medievalist and Byzantinist. Essai sur le règne d'Alexis Ier Comnène (1081-1118) (1900). An account of the rule of Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos (c. 1048 – 1118). Histoire de la domination normande en Italie et en Sicile, 2 volumes (1907). Jean II Comnène, 1118-1143, et Manuel I Comnène, 1143-1180 (1912). Histoire de la Première Croisade jusqu'à l'élection de Godefroi de Bouillon (1925). A history of the First Crusade from the Council of Clermont until the election of Godfrey of Bouillon as Advocatus Sancti Sepulchri, ruler of the kingdom of Jerusalem. Sigillographie de l'Orient latin (1943). Continuation of the work of French historian and numismatist Gustave Schlumberger (1844–1929). Henry Gough. Henry Gough (1821–1906), a British barrister of the Middle Temple. Itinerary of King Edward the First throughout his reign, A. D. 1272-1307 (1900). A biography extracted from the public record that includes a history of Lord Edward's Crusade. Marius André. Marius André (1868–1927), a French historian. (cf. French Wikipedia, Marius André) Le Bienheureux Raymond Lulle (1232-1315) (1900). A biography of Spanish missionary blessed Ramon Lull (1232/1236 – 1315). Émile Bridrey. Émile Bridrey (1873-1943), a French historian. La Condition Juridique des Croisés et le Privilège de Croix (1900). The legal condition of the Crusaders and the Privilege of the Cross. A study of the history of French law. Jean-Baptiste Martin. Abbé Jean-Baptiste Martin (1864–1922), a French historian of the Catholic Church. (cf. French Wikipedia, Jean-Baptiste Martin) Sacrorum Conciliorum nova et amplissima collectio, 53 volumes (1901–1927). First published in 31 volumes (1759-1798) by Giovanni D. Mansi (1692 –1769). Continued by J-B. Martin and Louis Petit (1868–1927). Extensive edition of Church councils from the First Council of Nicaea in 325 through the Council of Florence in 1438. Includes the Canons of the Council of Clermont. and other source material relevant to the Crusades. Arturo Magnocavallo. Arturo Magnocavallo (fl. 1901), an Italian historian. Marin Sanudo il Vecchio e il suo progetto di crociata (1901). An account of Marin Sanuto the Elder and his crusade project. Charles Bémont. Charles Bémont (1848–1939), a French scholar. Medieval Europe from 395 to 1270 (1902). A textbook originally written in French in collaboration with French historian Gabriel Monod (1844–1912). Introduction by American medievalist George Burton Adams (1851–1925). Translated into English by Mary Sloan. Includes chapters on the Christian and Muslim (Mussulman) Orient from the seventh to eleventh centuries, and on the First through Eighth Crusades. Histoire de l'Europe au moyen âge, 1270–1493 (1931). History of Europe in the Middle Ages from 1270 to 1493. Early Twentieth Century Fiction. The Crusades continued to be a popular subject in twentieth-century fiction, including the following. G. A. Henty (1832–1902), an English novelist who wrote Winning His Spurs: A Tale of the Crusades (1882), American title, The Boy Knight (1891); For the Temple: A Tale of the Fall of Jerusalem (1888); and A Knight of the White Cross: A Tale of the Siege of Rhodes (1896). The Assassins: a Romance of the Crusades (1902), by British writer Nevill Myers Meakin (1876–1912). A fictionalized account of the attempt of master Assassin Rashid ad-Din Sinan (after 1132 – 1193) to murder Saladin in 1176. Richard the Fearless: A Tale of the Red Crusade (1904), by Paul Creswick. The Brethren (1904), by H. Rider Haggard (1856–1925). A novel set during the Third Crusade that features Saladin and the Assassins. Tarzan, Lord of the Jungle (1927–1928), in which Lord Greystoke encounters the descendants of a Crusader contingent of knights of Richard I of England. By author Edgar Rice Burroughs (1875–1950). The Lord of Samarcand (originally published in the 1920s and 1930s), short stories about Crusader knights, by author American author Robert E. Howard (1906–1936), famous for his novels about Conan the Barbarian. Crusades Trilogy (1998–2000), a trio of novels entitled The Road to Jerusalem, The Knight Templar, and The Kingdom at the End of the Road, by Swedish author Jan Guillou (born 1944). Edgar Blochet. Edgar Blochet (1870-1937), a French historian. Les relations diplomatiques des Hohenstaufen avec les Sultans d'Egypte (1902), in Revue historique 80, 1902. Introduction à l'Histoire des Mongols de Fadl Allah Rashid ed-Din (1910). An introduction to the work Jāmiʿ al-tawārīkh by Persian historian Rashīd al-Dīn Hamadān (1247–1318). Karl Zimmert. Karl Zimmert (fl. 1903), a German historian. Der Friede zu Adrianapol, in Byzantinische Zeitschrift (1902). Der deutsch-byzantinische Konflikt vom Juli 1189 bis Februar 1190, in Byzantinische Zeitschrift (1903). Lucien Paulot. Lucien Paulot (1864-1938), a French historian. Un Pape français: Urbain II (1903). With a preface by French historian Georges Goyau (1869–1939). Charles Seignobos. Charles Seignobos (1854–1942), a French historian and historiographer. Considered as one of the leading proponents of the historical method along with French historian Charles-Victor Langlois (1863–1929). Seignobos' view of the Crusades is best summarized in a quote: "In the eleventh century ... the barbarous Christians penetrated the lands of the civilized Muslims". Character and Results of the Crusades (1904). An essay in Dana C. Munro's Medieval Civilization: Selected Studies from European Authors. History of Mediæval Civilization (1909). Translated by American historian James Alton James (1864–1962). The Crusades though the loss of Jerusalem to Saladin are briefly covered in Chapter VIII, Oriental Civilization in the West. Achille Luchaire. Denis Jean Achille Luchaire (1846–1908), a French historian. Innocent III, 6 volumes (1904–1908). The six volumes are: Rome et Italie; La Croisade des Albigeois; La Papauté et l'Empire; La Question d'Orient; Les Royautés vassales du Saint-Siège; and Le Concile de Latran et la réforme de l'Église. Jules Gay. Jules Gay (1867–1935), a French historian specializing in the medieval popes. Le Pape Clément VI et les affaires d'Orient (1342–1352) (1904). Ernst Gerland. Ernst Gerland (1870–1934), a German historian. Geschichte des lateinischen Kaiserreiches von Konstantinopel (1905). Giuseppe Gerola. Giuseppe Gerola (1877–1938), an Italian historian known for his involvement in monument restoration projects and his studies on the Kingdom of Candia (Venetian Crete). Monumenti veneti nell'isola di Creta, 4 volumes (1905). William Barron Stevenson. William Barron Stevenson (1869-1954), a British historian. The Crusaders in the East: A brief history of the wars of Islam with the Latins in Syria during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries (1907). A history of the Crusades from the Muslim viewpoint, with sources drawn from Islamic histories. Includes major chapters on Zengi, Nur ad-Din and Saladin. Extensive bibliography and chronology discussion. James Rennell Rodd. James Rennell Rodd, 1st Baron Rennell (1858–1941), a British historian, poet and politician, serving as British Ambassador to Italy during the First World War. The Princes of Achaia and the Chronicles of Morea: A study of Greece in the Middle Ages (1906). Oliver J. Thatcher. Oliver Joseph Thatcher (1857–1937), an American historian. A source book for mediæval history: selected documents illustrating the history of Europe in the Middle Age (1905). With Edgar H. McNeal. Library of original sources (1907). Volume IV discusses the Crusades. Edgar H. McNeal. Edgar Holmes McNeal (1874–1955), an American medieval historian. A source book for mediæval history: selected documents illustrating the history of Europe in the Middle Age (1905). With Oliver J. Thatcher. The conquest of Constantinople (1936). Translated from the old French work La Conquête de Constantinople of Robert de Clari (died after 1216). Maurice Prou. Maurice Prou (1861–1930), a French archivist, paleographer and numismatist. Recueil des actes de Philippe Ier, roi de France (1059-1108) (1908). With Auguste H. Longnon (1844–1911). Alan Orr Anderson. Alan Orr Anderson (1879–1958), a Scottish historian and compiler. Scottish annals from English Chroniclers A.D. 500 to 1286 (1908). Early Sources of Scottish History, A.D. 500 to 1286, 2 volumes (1922). August C. Krey. August Charles Krey (1887–1961), an American medievalist. John of Salisbury's Knowledge of the Classics (1909). Classical interests of John of Salisbury (1115/1120–1180), bishop of Chartres, author of Historia Pontificalis quae Supersunt, a description of Western Europe during and after the Second Crusade. John reputedly lost an arm trying to protect Thomas Becket from a fatal blow. The First Crusade: The Accounts of Eyewitnesses and Participants (1921). A history of deeds done beyond the sea (1943). A translation of William of Tyre's work, with Emily Atwater Babcock. Urban's Crusade: Success or Failure (1948). In American Historical Review, LIII (1948), pp. 235–250. Review of Crusading Warfare (1097-1193), by R. C. Smail. The American Historical Review, 62(2), 378–379. T. E. Lawrence. Thomas Edward (T. E.) Lawrence (1888–1935), a British officer, archaeologist and author, famously known as Lawrence of Arabia. Member of the Palestine Exploration Fund. Lawrence was a British representative at the Paris Peace Conference, 1919–1920. The Influence of the Crusades on European Military Architecture—to the End of the 12th Century (1910). Lawrence's thesis at Oxford. Eventually published as Crusader Castles, 2 volumes, in 1936. Introduction to Travels in Arabia Deserta (1921), by English explorer Charles M. Doughty (1843–1926) Anonymous articles for the Times of London, supporting the Arab cause after World War I. Seven Pillars of Wisdom (1922, published 1926). An autobiographical account of Lawrence's activities during the war. Made into the film Lawrence of Arabia in 1962. Harry Neal Baum. Harry Neal Baum (1889–1967), an American historian and author. He was the third son of L. Frank Baum. Count Raymond of Toulouse (1915). A biography of Raymond IV of Toulouse. Henri Dehérain. Henri Dehérain (1867–1941), a French historian and geographer. Les origines du recueil des "historiens des croisades" (1919). A study of the origins of Recueil des historiens descroisades. Le consul orientaliste Joseph Rousseau (1936). An account of the work of French orientalist Jean-Baptiste Rousseau (1780-1831). Silvestre de Sacy et l'enseignement de l'arabe à Marseille (1937). Charles Wendell David. Charles Wendell David (1885–1984), an American medievalist. Robert Curthose, Duke of Normandy (1920). A biography of Robert Curthose, the eldest son of William the Conqueror. E. S. Bouchier. Edmund Spenser Bouchier (born 1876), a British historian. A Short History of Antioch, 300 B. C.–A. D. 1268. Includes the history of the Principality of Antioch through the Siege of Antioch of 1268. Winston Churchill. Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill (1874–1965), a British statesman, army officer, and writer. A History of the English-Speaking Peoples, 4 volumes (1956–1958). A history of Great Britain and America from 55 BC through 1902. The first volume, The Birth of Britain, includes a chapter on Richard I of England and the Third Crusade. Kate Norgate. Kate Norgate (1853–1935), a British historian and one of the first women to achieve comparable academic success. She is best known for her history of England under the Angevin kings and for coining the name Angevin Empire to describe their domains. Richard the Lion Heart (1924). A biography of Richard I of England. René Grousset. René Grousset (1885–1952), a French historian. The Epic of the Crusades (1926). Translation of L'épopée des Croisades by Noël Lindsay (1970). Two centuries of history of the Frankish kingdom of Jerusalem and nine Crusades which marked two extraordinary centuries, from 1095 to 1291, in the history of the Christian West and of Islam. Histoire des croisades et du royaume franc de Jérusalem, 3 volumes (1934-1936). The translation of Histoire, The History of the Crusades, was a standard reference of the subject. (cf. French Wikipedia, Histoire des croisades et du royaume franc de Jérusalem) L'empire mongol (1941). A history of the Mongol empire. L'empire du Levant: histoire de la question d'Orient (1946). For René Grousset, the question of the Orient is the problem of relations between Europe and Asia. He first shows in this historical sketch what was the legacy of Antiquity and what, at the advent of the Christian empire, around 323, remained from the results of the Alexandrian conquest. The history of these east–west relations is then studied in its three successive aspects: Byzantine solution in the early Middle Ages, Frankish solution from the thirteenth to the fifteenth century, Turkish solution from 1360 and especially from 1453. Histoire de l'Arménie des origines à 1071 (1947). H. A. R. Gibb. H. A. R. Gibb (1895–1971), a Scottish historian on orientalism. Arabic Literature – An Introduction (1926). Travels of Ibn Battuta, A.D. 1325-1354 (1929). Translation of Rihla (Voyages), the travelogue of Moroccan scholar and explorer Ibn Battūta (1304–1369). Translated by Charles Defrémery (1822–1883), B. R. Sanguinetti (1811–1883) and H. A. R. Gibb (1895–1971). The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades (1932). Extracted and translated from the Dhayl tārīkh Dimashq (Chronicle of Damascus from 1097 to 1159) of Arab historian ibn al-Qalānisi (c. 1071 – 1160). Modern Trends in Islam (1947). French edition Les tendances modernes de l'Islam translated by Bernard Vernier. Mohammedanism: An Historical Survey (1949). Anton Chroust. Anton Chroust (1864–1945), a German historian. (cf. German Wikipedia, Anton Chroust) Quellen zur Geschichte des Kreuzzüges Kaiser Friedrichs I, 1 volume (1928). Sources on the history of Frederick I on the Third Crusade. Includes Historia de expeditione Friderici imperatoris, Historia Peregrinorum and Epistola de morte Friderici imperatoris. John L. La Monte. John L. La Monte (1902–1949), an American historian. Feudal Monarchy in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1100–1291 (1932). The Wars of Frederick II against the Ibelins in Syria and Cyprus by Philip de Novare (1936). A syllabus and reading list to accompany Carl Stephenson's Mediæval History (1936). Companion to Mediæval History: Europe from the Fourth to the Sixteenth Century (1935) by American historian Carl Stephenson (1886–1954). The Noble Houses of Outremer (1937). Genealogical and biographical studies of the Crusading States. Some Problems in Crusading Historiography (1940). In Speculum, Volume 15. Paul Deschamps. Paul Deschamps (1888–1974), a French medieval historian. Les Châteaux des Croisés en Terre Sainte (1934–1939). Terre Sainte Romane (1964). Carl Erdmann. Carl Erdmann (1898–1945), a German historian specializing in medieval political and intellectual history. Die Entstehung des Kreuzzugsgedankens (1935). The Origin of the Idea of Crusade (1977). Translation of Die Entstehung des Kreuzzugsgedankens by Marshall W. Baldwin (1903–1975) and Walter Goffart (born 1934). Forward and introductory notes by Baldwin. Joseph Reese Strayer. Joseph Reese Strayer (1904–1987), an American medievalist historian. A Syllabus of Medieval History, 395-1500 (1942). Includes chapters of chivalry, the Byzantine empire, the Saracen empires, and the Crusades. Extension of A Syllabus of Medieval History, 395-1300 (1899) by American historian Dana C. Munro (1866–1933). The Albigensian Crusade (1972). An account of the Albigensian Crusade of 1209–1229, with an epilog by Carol Lansing. Comprehensive studies In the later half of the 20th century, a number of key, comprehensive studies of the Crusades were published. These works provide the basis of Crusader studies and were authored by many of the more prominent historians discussed here. Runciman's History of the Crusades. A History of the Crusades is the first modern, comprehensive review of the Crusades published after 1950. It was written by Sir James Cochran Stevenson (Steven) Runciman (1903–2000), a British historian of the Middle Ages, specializing in the Crusades and the Byzantine empire. (cf. French Wikipedia, Steven Runciman). The work consists of three volumes covering the history of the Holy Land, including pilgrimages to Jerusalem and the rise of the Islamic caliphates and sultanates. The Crusades are covered from the First Crusade until 1464. A History of the Crusades, Volume One: The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem (1951). A History of the Crusades, Volume Two: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100-1187 (1952). A History of the Crusades, Volume Three: The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades (1954). Wisconsin Collaborative History. The Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, 6 volumes (1969–1989). Under the general editorship of Kenneth M. Setton. Volume I. The First One Hundred Years (1969). Edited by Marshall W. Baldwin. Western Europe, Byzantium, the Assassins and the Holy Land before the Crusades. The First Crusade, the Crusade of 1101, the kingdom of Jerusalem from 1101 to 1146, with the loss of Edessa. The Second Crusade and afterward. The rise of Saladin and the loss of Jerusalem. Volume II. The Later Crusades, 1189–1311 (1969). Edited by Robert L. Wolff and Harry W. Hazard. The Norman kingdom of Sicily. The Third Crusade. The Fourth Crusade. The Latin Empire of Constantinople and the Frankish states in Greece. The Albigensian Crusade. The Children's Crusade. The Fifth Crusade. The Sixth Crusade. The Baron's Crusade. The Crusades of Louis IX. The Ayyubids. The Mongols. The Mamluks. Volume III. The Fourteenth and Fifteen Centuries (1975). Edited by Harry W. Hazard. Crusades in the fourteenth century. Byzantium and the Crusades. The Morea. The Catalans and Florentines in Greece. The Hospitallers at Rhodes. The kingdom of Cyprus. The Reconquista. The Mamluks. The Mongols. The German Crusade in the Baltics. The Crusade against the Hussites. Volume IV. The Art and Architecture of the Crusader States (1979). Edited by Harry W. Hazard. Life in Palestine and Syria. Pilgrimages and shrines. Ecclesiastical art. Military architecture. Arts in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, Cyprus and Rhodes. Volume V. The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East (1985). Edited by Norman P. Zacour and Harry W. Hazard (1918-1989). Impact on Muslim lands. Social classes. Political and ecclesiastical organization of the Crusader States. Agriculture. Teutonic Knights. Venice and the Crusades. Missions to the East. Volume VI. The Impact of the Crusades on Europe (1989). Edited by Norman P. Zacour and Harry W. Hazard (1918-1989). Legal and political theory. Crusader propaganda. Financing. Institutions of the kingdom of Cyprus. Social evolution in Latin Greece. The Ottoman Turks. The Crusade of Varna. Coinage. Select Bibliography on the Crusades. Compiled by Hans E. Mayer and Joyce McLellan. Edited by Harry W. Hazard. The Crusades—An Encyclopedia. The Crusades—An Encyclopedia (2006). Edited by historian Alan V. Murray. A comprehensive treatment of the Crusades with over 1000 entries written by 120 authors from 25 countries. Highlights include entries by the following historians. American historian James M. Powell, Editorial Consultant on the work British academic Anna Sapir Abulafia who specializes in medieval Christian-Jewish relations. British medieval historian Malcolm Barber, a leading expert on the Knights Templar. Canadian historian Niall Christie, specializing on Islamic sources of the Crusades. British historian Susan B. Edgington, with works on original Western sources of the Crusades. Egyptian historian Taef El-Azhari, specializing in the history of the Seljuk and Zengid dynasties. Italian historian Laura Minervini, an expert on the Gestes des Chiprois. French historian Jean Richard, a medievalist. British historian Jonathan Phillips, author of numerous works on the First, Second and Fourth Crusades. British historian Jonathan Riley-Smith, a widely published expert on the Crusades; member of the Editorial Advisory Board. British historian J. Elizabeth Siberry, a scholar on Crusader literature. British historian Christopher J. Tyerman (born 1953), a prominent expert on the Crusades. The Oxford History of the Crusades. The Oxford History of the Crusades (1995). Edited by Jonathan Riley-Smith (1938–2016), a British historian of the Crusades. A series of essays on the Crusades by contemporary historians as follows. The Crusading Movement and Historians, by Jonathan Riley-Smith. Origins [of the Crusades], by British historian Marcus G. Bull. The Crusading Movement, 1096–1274, by British historian Simon Lloyd. The State of Mind of Crusaders to the East, 1095–1300, by Jonathan Riley-Smith. Songs [of the Crusades], by Michael J. Routledge. The Latin East, 1098–1291, by British medievalist Jonathan P. Phillips. Art in the Latin East, 1098–1291, by American art historian Jaroslav T. Folda III (born 1940). Architecture in the Latin East, 1098–1571, by British archeologist Denys Pringle. The Military Orders, 1120–1312, by British historian Alan J. Forey. Islam and the Crusades, 1096–1699, by British historian Robert Irwin. The Crusading Movement, 1274–1700, by British historian Norman Housley. The Latin East, 1291–1669, by British historian Peter W. Edbury. The Military Orders, 1312–1798, by historian Anthony T. Luttrell. Images of the Crusades in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries, by British historian J. Elizabeth Siberry. Revival and Survival, by Jonathan Riley-Smith. Chronology and Maps. God's War. God's War: A New History of the Crusades (2006) is a 21st-century comprehensive study of the Crusades by British Crusader historian Christopher Tyerman (born 1953)The dust jacket announces God's War as "the definitive account of a fascinating and horrifying story" and compares it to Runciman's "well-loved and much-published classic study of the Crusades." Historians after the mid-Twentieth century Individual historians from the later 20th century through the current time include the following. Anna Sapir Abulafia. Anna Brechta Sapir Abulafia (born 1952), a British academic who specializes in religious history. Christians and Jews in the Twelfth-Century Renaissance (1995). Hebrew Sources (2006). In The Crusades—An Encyclopedia. Eugene N. Anderson. Eugene Newton Anderson (1900-1984), an American historian. Medieval and historiographical essays: in honor of James Westfall Thompson (1938). Edited by E. Anderson and James L. Cate. History of Western Civilization (1957). Arthur John Arberry. Arthur John Arberry (1905–1969), a British orientalist. A volume in the autograph of Yāqūt the geographer (1951). A brief description of the work of Arab scholar Yaqut al-Hamawi (1179–1229), with a reproduction of the manuscript of the Tamām Fasīh al-kalām of Ahmad ibn Fāris. Thomas S. Asbridge. Thomas S. Asbridge, a British medieval historian. The Creation of the Principality of Antioch, 1098-1130 (2000) The First Crusade: A New History: The Roots of Conflict between Christianity and Islam (2005). The Crusades: The Authoritative History of the War for the Holy Land (2010). Works from the HathiTrust bibliographic catalogs Historians of the Crusades (2007–2008), an on-line database of scholars working in the field of Crusader studies. This is part of the Resources for Studying the Crusades created at Queen Mary University of London in 2007–2008. Aziz Suryal Atiya. Aziz Suryal Atiya (1898–1988), an Egyptian Coptologist and historian specializing in Islamic and Crusades studies. The Crusade of Nicopolis (1934). An account of the battle of Nicopolis in 1396. The Crusade in the Later Middle Ages (1938). Includes five appendixes: Petitio pro recuperatione Terrae Sanctae; Pilgrims and travelers; Aragon and Egypt; Lists of the crusaders; and Chronological tables. Review of A History of the Crusades, by S. Runciman (1952). Speculum, 27(3), 422–425. The Crusade (1962). The Crusade: Historiography and Bibliography (1962). Kitāb al-Ilmām, 7 volumes (1968–1976). A history of Alexandria by al-Nuwayrī (fl. 1365–1373) edited by Atiya and Swiss Egyptologist Étienne Combe (1881–1962). The Crusade in the Fourteenth Century (1975). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume III. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. The Aftermath of the Crusades (1975). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume III. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. The Coptic Encyclopedia, 8 volumes (1991). Editor-in-chief. Marshall W. Baldwin. Marshall Whithed Baldwin (1903–1975), an American historian who was Professor Emeritus of History at New York University until his death. Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, 6 volumes (1969-1989), under the general editorship of Kenneth M. Setton (1914–1995). Volume I. The First One Hundred Years (1969). Edited by M. Baldwin: Western Europe, Byzantium, the Assassins and the Holy Land before the Crusades. The First Crusade, the Crusade of 1101, the kingdom of Jerusalem from 1101 to 1146, with the loss of Edessa. The Second Crusade and afterward. The rise of Saladin and the loss of Jerusalem. The Latin States under Baldwin III and Amalric I, 1143–1174. (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume I. The First One Hundred Years. The Decline and Fall of Jerusalem, 1174–1189 (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume I. The First One Hundred Years. The Origin of the Idea of Crusade (1977), by Carl Erdmann (1898–1945). Translation by M. Baldwin and Walter Goffart (born 1934). Missions to the East in the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries (1985). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume V, The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East. Malcolm Barber. Malcolm Barber (born 1943), a British medieval historian and leading expert on the Knights Templar. The Trial of the Templars (1978). The New Knighthood: A History of the Order of the Temple (1994). The Military Orders, Volume I: Fighting for the Faith and Caring for the Sick (1994). Edited by M. Barber. Petrus Vallium Sarnaii (2016). In the Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle. Letters from the East: Crusaders, Pilgrims and Settlers in the 12th–13th Centuries (2016). With Keith Bate. Richard Barber. Richard William Barber (born 1941), a British historian specializing in medieval history and literature. The Knight and Chivalry (1971) Tournaments: Jousts, Chivalry and Pageants in the Middle Ages (1989). With English historian Juliet Barker. The Holy Grail: Imagination and Belief (2004) The Reign of Chivalry (2005). Ernest Barker. Ernest Barker (1874–1960), an English political scientist. Crusades (1911), in the 11th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. A summary of the history of the Crusades, with sections on the Meaning of the Crusades, Historical Causes of the Crusades, and Literature of Crusades. The Crusades (1923). A later edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica article, edited with additional notes. List of Contributions of Barker to the Encyclopædia Britannica 11th Edition. Bibliography of works by Barker (1906–1956). Virginia G. Berry. Virginia G. Berry, a Canadian historian. The Journey of Louis VII to the East (1948). The English translation of De profectione Ludovico VII in Orientem, an edition of the eyewitness account of the ill-fated Second Crusade by Odo of Deuil, chaplain to the French king, Louis VII, contains many details, including views of contesting factions, decisive facts about the battles, and accounts of Greek customs and Turkish modes of combat. Peter the Venerable and the Crusades (1956). A biography of Peter the Venerable (c. 1092 – 1156). The Second Crusade (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume I. The First One Hundred Years. Charles Julian Bishko. Charles Julian Bishko, an American historian specializing on medieval Spain. The Spanish and Portuguese Reconquest, 1095-1492 (1975). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume III. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. Sheila Blair. Sheila Blair (born 1948), an American scholar of Islamic art. A Compendium of Chronicles: Rashid al-Din's Illustrated History of the World (1995). An illustrated (59 folios) edition of Jāmiʿ al-Tawārīkh (Compendium of Chronicles) by Persian historian Rashid-al-Din Hamadani (1247–1318). The commentary traces the compendium's history from the scriptorium in Tabriz, through Herat during the Timurid dynasty, through the 19th-century Mughal court and the East India Company, to its final acquisition by the Royal Asiatic Society. Includes a translation by Wheeler Thackson of the articles of endowment of the Rabi’ Rashid. Volume XXVII of the Khalili Collection of Islamic Art. Arab Inscriptions in Persia (1998). In Encyclopædia Iranica's article on Epigraphy. Būyid Art and Architecture (2009). T. S. R. Boase. Thomas Sherrer Ross (T. S. R.) Boase (1898–1974), a British art historian. Boniface VIII (1933). A biography of pope Boniface VIII. Recent Developments in Crusading Historiography (1937). In History, Volume 22. The Cilician Kingdom of Armenia (1978). Ecclesiastical Art in the Crusader States in Palestine and Syria (1979). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume IV. The Art and Architecture of the Crusader States. Military Architecture in the Crusader States in Palestine and Syria (1979). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume IV. The Art and Architecture of the Crusader States. Clifford Edmund (C. E.) Bosworth. Clifford Edmund Bosworth (1928–2015), an English historian and orientalist, specializing in Arabic and Iranian studies. The Transition from Ghaznavid to Seljuq Rule in the Islamic East (1961). Ph.D dissertation, University of Edinburgh. The Early Ghaznavids (1975). Chapter 5 of The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4. The Ghaznavids, their Empire in Afghanistan and Eastern Iran 994–1040 (1963). The first part of a history of the Ghaznavid empire. The Later Ghaznavids, Splendour and Decay: the dynasty in Afghanistan and northern India 1040–1186. (1977). The second part of the history of the Ghaznavids. The New Islamic Dynasties. A chronological and genealogical manual (1996). Louis R. Bréhier. Louis R. Bréhier (1869–1951), a French historian specializing in Byzantine studies. Crusades (1908). In the Catholic Encyclopedia (1907–1912), edited by Charles G. Herbermann (1840–1916). An overview of the history of the Crusades, numbered as eight. Topics include: I. Origin of the Crusades; II. Foundation of Christian states in the East; III. First destruction of the Christian states (1144-1187); IV. Attempts to restore the Christian states and the Crusade against Saint-Jean d'Acre (1192-1198); V. The Crusade against Constantinople (1204); VI. The thirteenth-century Crusades (1217-1252); VII. Final loss of the Christian colonies of the East (1254-1291); VIII. The fourteenth-century Crusade and the Ottoman invasion; IX. The Crusade in the fifteenth century; X. Modifications and survival of the idea of the Crusade. Crusades (Bibliography and Sources) (1908). In the Catholic Encyclopedia. A concise summary of the historiography of the Crusades. L'Église et l'Orient au Moyen Âge: Les Croisades (1907). The Church and the East in the Middle Ages: The Crusades, including an extensive bibliography. Covers the Holy Land from before the Crusades, including the role of Holy relics, Charlemagne's role in the Middle East, and the destruction of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre in 1109; the Crusades through 1291; and later activities through 1453. Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (1099-1291). In the Catholic Encyclopedia. Crusade of the Pastoureaux (1911). An account of the First Shepherds’ Crusade (1251). In the Catholic Encyclopedia. Histoire anonyme de la première croisade (1924). A translation of the anonymous account of the First Crusade, Gesta Francorum (Deeds of the Franks). List of Contributions of Bréhier to the Catholic Encyclopedia (1908–1913). Bibliography of works by Bréhier (1899–1950). Works of Bréhier from the HathiTrust bibliographic catalog (1899–1950). James A. Brundage. James Arthur Brundage, an American historian specializing in the Crusades. The Crusades: A Documentary Survey (1962). Translations (various translators) from original documentary accounts of the times woven together with narrative introductions. The Crusades, Motives and Achievements (1964). Recent Crusade Historiography: Some Observations and Suggestions (1964). In Catholic Historical Review (CHR) 49. Marcus G. Bull. Marcus Graham Bull, a British historian. Knightly Piety and the Lay Response to the First Crusade (1993). Origins [of the Crusades] (1995). In The Oxford History of the Crusades, edited by J. Riley-Smith. Claude Cahen. Claude Cahen (1909–1991), a French orientalist and historian, specializing in the studies of the Islamic Middle Ages and Crusades sources. La Syrie du nord à l'époque des croisades et la principauté franque d'Antioche (1940). Historiography of the Seljuqid period (1962). The Turkish Invasion: The Selchuükids (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume I. The First One Hundred Years. The Turks in Iran and Anatolia before the Mongol Invasions (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume II, The Later Crusades 1187–1311. The Mongols and the Near East (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume II, The Later Crusades 1187–1311. Tribes, Cities and Social Organizations (1975). Chapter 8 of The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4. The Formation of Turkey: the Seljukid Sultanate of Rūm: eleventh to fourteenth century (2001). With Peter M Holt. James Lea Cate. James Lea Cate (1899-1981), an American historian and part of the Air Force Historical Division during World War II. Medieval and historiographical essays: in honor of James Westfall Thompson (1938). Edited by J. Cate and Eugene N. Anderson. The Crusade of 1101 (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume I. The First One Hundred Years. Fred A. Cazel. Fred A. Cazel (1921–2011), an American historian. Financing the Crusades (1989). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume VI. The Impact of the Crusades on Europe. Peter Charanis. Peter Charanis (1908–1985), a Greek-born American scholar of Byzantium. The Byzantine Empire in the Eleventh Century (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume I. The First One Hundred Years. Martin Chasin. Martin Chasin, an American historian. The Crusade of Varna (1989). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume VI. The Impact of the Crusades on Europe. Niall Christie. Niall Christie, an English historian of the Crusades. Muslims and Crusaders: Christianity's Wars in the Middle East, 1095–1382, from the Islamic Sources (2014) Giles Constable. Giles Constable (born 1929), a British historian and medievalist. Monks, Hermits and Crusaders in Medieval Europe (1978). Cluny from the Tenth to the Twelfth Centuries, Further studies (2000). The Historiography of the Crusades (2001), In The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World. Eugene L. Cox. Eugene L. Cox, an American historian. The Green Count of Savoy (1967). A biography of Amadeus VI of Savoy. Farhad Daftary. Farhad Daftary (born 1938), an American historian specializing on medieval Persian history and the Isma'ili branch of Shia Islam. The Isma'ilis: Their History and Doctrines (1992). Encyclopædia Iranica (2008). Edited by F. Daftary. Norman Daniel. Norman Daniel (c. 1919 – 1992), a British historian. The Critical Approach to Arab Society in the Middle Ages (1981). The Legal and Political Theory of the Crusade (1989). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume VI. The Impact of the Crusades on Europe. Crusader Propaganda (1989). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume VI. The Impact of the Crusades on Europe. Frederic Duncalf. Frederic Duncalf (1882–1963), an American historian of the First Crusade. A problem in the use of parallel source material in medieval history: the capture of Jerusalem in 1099 (1912). The Peasants Crusade (1921). An account of the People's Crusade. The Councils of Piacenza and Clermont (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume I. The First One Hundred Years. The First Crusade: Clermont to Constantinople (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume I. The First One Hundred Years. Peter W. Edbury. Peter W. Edbury (born 1947), A British historian. The Kingdom of Cyprus and the Crusades, 1191-1374 (1991). The Conquest of Jerusalem and the Third Crusade (1996). A complete collection of the key texts describing Saladin's conquest of Jerusalem in October 1187 and the Third Crusade. Includes a translation of the Old French Continuation of William Tyre for the years 1184–1197. Susan B. Edgington. Susan B. Edgington, a British historian. Gendering the Crusades (2001). The First Crusade: the Capture of Jerusalem in AD 1099 (2003). Western Sources (2006). With Alan V. Murray. In The Crusades—An Encyclopedia. Jerusalem the Golden: the Origins and Impact of the First Crusade (2014). Crusading Chronicles (2016). In the Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle. Baldwin I of Jerusalem, 1100–1118 (2019). Carl Erdmann. Carl Erdmann (1898–1945), a German historian specializing in medieval political and intellectual history. Die Entstehung des Kreuzzugsgedankens (1935). The Origin of the Idea of Crusade (1977). Translation of Die Entstehung des Kreuzzugsgedankens by Marshall W. Baldwin (1903–1975) and Walter Goffart (born 1934). Forward and introductory notes by Baldwin. Austin P. Evans. Austin Patterson Evans, an American medieval historian. Bibliography of English translations from Medieval Sources (1946). By Austin P. Evans and Clarissa Palmer Farrar (1899–1963). Heresies of the high Middle Ages (1969). With Walter Leggett Wakefield. The Albigensian Crusade (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume II, The Later Crusades 1187–1311. Nabīh Amīn Fāris. Nabīh Amīn Fāris (1906–1968), an Arab historian. Descriptive catalog of the Garrett collection of Arabic manuscripts in the Princeton University library (1938). With Philip Khuri Hitti. The Book of Idols (1952). A translation from the Arabic of the work of Hisham Ibn al-Kalbī by Nabih Amin Faris. Arab Culture in the Twelfth Century (1985). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume V, The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East. Harold S. Fink. Harold S. Fink (1903–1981), an American historian. A History of the Expedition to Jerusalem, 1095-1127 (1969). A translation of Gesta Francorum Iherusalem Perefrinantium (Historia Hierosolymitana) by Fulcher of Chartres (c. 1059 – after 1128). The Foundation of the Latin States, 1099–1118 (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume I. The First One Hundred Years. Alan John Forey. Alan John Forey (born 1933), a British historian and an authority on the history of the military orders of the Middle Ages. The Military Orders from the Twelfth to the Early Fourteenth Centuries (1992) The Military Orders, 1120–1312 (1995). In the Oxford History of the Crusades. Alfred Foulet. Alfred Foulet (1900–1987), a French historian. Lettres françaises du XIIIe siècle (1924). An edition of the work of Jean Pierre Sarrasin (died 1275) concerning letters from the Seventh Crusade. Le Couronnement de Renard, poème du treizième siècle (1929). An edition of the cycle of Reynard the Fox. The Epic Cycle of the Crusades (1989). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume VI. The Impact of the Crusades on Europe. Elizabeth Chapin Furber. Elizabeth Chapin Furber, an American historian. The Kingdom of Cyprus, 1191–1291 (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume II, The Later Crusades 1187–1311. Richard N. Frye. Richard Nelson Frye (1920–2014), an American scholar of Iranian and Central Asian studies. The Cambridge History of Iran, Volume 4: From the Arab Invasion to the Saljuks (1975). Francesco Gabrieli. Francesco Gabrieli (1904–1996), an Italian Arabist and orientalist. Arabic Historiography of the Crusades (1962) Arab Historians of the Crusades (1969). Deno Geanakoplos. Deno John Geanakoplos (1916–2007), an American scholar of Byzantine cultural and religious history and Italian Renaissance intellectual history. Greek scholars in Venice: studies in the dissemination of Greek learning from Byzantium to Western Europe (1962). Byzantium and the Crusades, 1261–1354 (1975). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume III. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. Byzantium and the Crusades, 1354–1453 (1975). Ibid. H. A. R. Gibb. H. A. R. Gibb (1895–1971), a Scottish historian on orientalism. Arabic Literature – An Introduction (1926). Travels of Ibn Battuta, A.D. 1325-1354 (1929). Translation of Rihla (Voyages), the travelogue of Moroccan scholar and explorer Ibn Battūta (1304–1369). Translated by Charles Defrémery (1822–1883), B. R. Sanguinetti (1811–1883) and H. A. R. Gibb (1895–1971). The Damascus Chronicle of the Crusades (1932). Extracted and translated from the Dhayl tārīkh Dimashq (Chronicle of Damascus from 1097 to 1159) of Arab historian ibn al-Qalānisi (c. 1071 – 1160). Modern Trends in Islam (1947). French edition Les tendances modernes de l'Islam translated by Bernard Vernier. Mohammedanism: An Historical Survey (1949). Islamic Society and the West, with Harold Bowen, 2 volumes (1950, 1957) Encyclopaedia of Islam, 11 volumes (1954– ). Edited by a number of leading orientalists including H. A. R. Gibb. The Caliphate and the Arab States (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume I. The First One Hundred Years. Zengi and the Fall of Edessa (1969). An account of Turkish atabeg Zengi (1085–1146), founder of the Zengid dynasty, and his successful siege of Edessa in 1144 that triggered the Second Crusade. In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume I. The First One Hundred Years. The Aiyūbids (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume II, The Later Crusades 1187–1311. The Career of Nūr-ad-Din (1969). An account of Nur ad-Din (1118–1174), the son of Zengi and successor to the Zengid dynasty. In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume I. The First One Hundred Years. The Rise of Saladin, 1169–1189 (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume I. The First One Hundred Years. Saladin–Studies in Islamic History (1974). Edited by H. A. R. Gibb and Yusuf Ibish. Keith R. Giles. Keith Richard Giles is a British historian of the Crusades. The Emperor Frederick II's Crusade, c. 1215 – c. 1231 (1987). John Gillingham. John Gillingham (born 1940), a British historian specializing in the Angevin Empire. Richard I (1999). A biography of Richard I of England. Harry W. Hazard. Harry W. Hazard (1918-1989), an American numismatist and historian of the Crusades. The Numismatic History of Late Medieval North Africa (1952). Prepared for the American Numismatic Society. Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, 6 volumes (1969-1989). Under the general editorship of Kenneth M. Setton. Volumes II–VI edited by H. Hazard. Moslem North Africa, 1049–1394 (1975). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume III. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. Select Bibliography on the Crusades (1989). Compiled by Hans E. Mayer and Joyce McLellan, and edited by H. W. Hazard. Frederick G. Heymann. Frederick Gotthold Heymann (1900–1983), a Canadian historian. The Crusades against the Hussites (1975). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume III. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. Carole Hillenbrand. Carole Hillenbrand (born 1943), a British Islamic scholar. History of the Jazira, 1100–1150: The Contribution of ibn al-Azraq al-Fariq (1979). Translations of the two existing manuscripts of Ta'rikh Mayyafariqin wa-Amid (The history of Mayyafariqin and Amid) by historian ibn al-Azraq al-Fāriqī (1116–1176), with annotations and commentary. Ph.D thesis, University of Edinburgh. A Muslim Principality in Crusader Times: the Early Artuqid state (1990). Based on History of the Jazira, 1100–1150. The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives (2000). Discusses themes that highlight how Muslims reacted to the presence of the Crusaders in the heart of traditionally Islamic territory. Examines ideological concerns and the importance of the jihad in the context of the gradual recovery of the Holy Land and the expulsion of the Crusaders. Philip Khuri Hitti. Philip Khuri Hitti (1886–1978), a Lebanese-American authority on Arab and Middle Eastern history, Islam, and Semitic languages, helping to create the discipline of Arabic studies in the United States. The Origins of the Islamic State, 2 volumes (1916–1924). A translation from the Arabic accompanied with annotations, geographic and historic notes of the Kitāb Futūḥ al-Buldān (The Conquest of Nations), an early history of the Caliphate, of al-Imâm al-Balādhuri. An Arab-Syrian Gentleman in the Period of the Crusades: Memoirs of Usamah ibn-Munqidh (1929). A translation of Kitab al-I'tibar, the autobiography of Arab historian Usama ibn-Munqidh (1095–1188). History of the Arabs (1937). A history covering the pre-Islamic period; the rise of Islam; the Umayyad and Abbasid caliphates; Moslems in Europe; and the Fatimid, Ayyubid and Mamluk dynasties. Descriptive catalog of the Garrett collection of Arabic manuscripts in the Princeton University library (1938). With Nabīh Amīn Fāris. History of the Arabs: from the earliest times to the present (1943). The Impact of the Crusades on Moslem Lands (1985). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume V, The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East. Natasha Hodgson Natasha Hodgson, a British Historian specializing in the history of the Crusades. Women, crusading and the Holy Land in historical narrative (2007). Crusading and Masculinities (2019). Edited with Katherine J. Lewis and Matthew M. Mesley. Works by Natasha Hodgson Urban Tigner Holmes. Urban Tigner Holmes Jr. (1900–1972), an American scholar focusing on medieval literature and romance philology. A History of Old French Literature, from the Origins to 1300 (1937). A New Interpretation of Chrétien's Conte del Graal (1948). A controversial interpretation of Chrétien de Troyes' 12th century romance Perceval, the Story of the Grail. With Sister Amelia Klenke. Life among the Europeans in Palestine and Syrian in the Twelfth and Thirteenth Centuries (1979). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume IV. The Art and Architecture of the Crusader States. Peter Holt. Peter Malcolm Holt (1918– 2006), a historian of the Middle East. The Cambridge History of Islam (1992). Edited by P. Holt. The Crusaders States and their Neighbours, 1098-1291 (2004). Norman Housley. Norman Housley, a British historian specializing in the Crusades. The Later Crusades, 1274-1580: From Lyons to Alcazar (1992). The Crusading Movement, 1274–1700. (1995). The Italian Crusades: The Papal-Angevin Alliance and the Crusades Against Christian Lay Powers, 1254-1343 (1982). Kathryn Hurlock. Kathryn Hurlock, a British historian specializing in the role of crusades in medieval British life and the impact of warfare. Wales and the Crusades, c.1095-1291 (2011) Britain, Ireland and the Crusades, c.1000-1300 (2013) Crusading and Pilgrimage in the Norman World (2018). Edited with Paul Oldfield. Works by Kathryn Hurlock Joan M. Hussey. Joan Mervyn Hussey (1907–2006), a British Byzantine scholar and historian. The Byzantine Empire in the eleventh century: some different interpretations (1950). The Byzantine World (1957). The Cambridge Medieval History. Volume IV, The Byzantine Empire (1966). Second edition, edited by J. Hussey. Byzantium and the Crusades, 1081–1204 (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume II, The Later Crusades 1187–1311. Halil İnalcık. Halil İnalcık (1916–2016), a Turkish historian of the Ottoman Empire. The Ottoman Turks and the Crusades, 1329–1451 (1989). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume VI. The Impact of the Crusades on Europe. The Ottoman Turks and the Crusades, 1451–1522 (1989). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume VI. The Impact of the Crusades on Europe. David Jacoby. David Jacoby (1928-2018), an Israeli historian of medieval studies. Studies on the Crusader States and on Venetian Expansion (1989). Social Evolution in Latin Greece (1989). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume VI. The Impact of the Crusades on Europe. Edgar N. Johnson. Edgar Nathaniel Johnson (1901–1969), an American historian. An Introduction to Medieval Europe, 300-1500 (1937). With James Westfall Thompson. The Crusades of Frederick Barbarossa and Henry VI (1969). An account of the actions of Frederick Barbarossa in the Third Crusade and the follow-on Crusade of 1197 conducted by his son Henry VI of Germany. In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume II, The Later Crusades 1187–1311. The German Crusade on the Baltic (1975). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume III. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. Howard Kaminsky. Howard Kaminsky (born 1924), a British historian. A History of the Hussite Revolution (1967). A history of the Hussites and their conflicts with the Catholic Church, particularly the Hussite Wars that include the anti-Hussite crusades. Benjamin Z. Kedar. Benjamin Zeev Kedar (born 1938) is an Israeli historian of the Crusades and the Latin East. (Benjamin Kedar CV) The Crusaders in their Kingdom, 1099–1291 (1987). The Franks in the Levant, 11th to 14th Centuries (1993) The Jerusalem Massacre of July 1099 (2004). In the Western Historiography of the Crusades (2004). Hugh N. Kennedy. Hugh N. Kennedy (born 1947), a British medieval historian specializing in the early Islamic Middle East and the Crusades. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates, 600–1050 (1986). Crusader Castles (1994). An account of the history and architecture of Crusader castles in the Kingdom of Jerusalem, County of Tripoli and Principality of Antioch between 1099 and 1291. The Historiography of Islamic Egypt, c. 950–1800 (2000). Castles: Outremer (2006). In The Crusades - An Encyclopedia. Hilmar Carl Krueger. Hilmar Carl Krueger, an American historian specializing in medieval Italy. The Italian Cities and the Arabs before 1093 (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume I. The First One Hundred Years. Angeliki E. Laiou. Angeliki E. Laiou (1941–2008), a Greek-American Byzantinist. The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World (2001). Edited by A. Laiou and Roy Mottahedeh. Ann Lambton. Ann Katharine Swynford Lambton (1912–2008), a British historian and expert on medieval and early modern Persian history. Continuity and Change in Medieval Persia (1988). The Cambridge History of Islam (1992). Edited by A. Lambton. Bernard Lewis. Bernard Lewis (1916–2018), a British-American historian specialized in Oriental studies, particularly the Assassins. The Sources for the History of the Syrian Assassins, in Speculum, XXVII (1952). The Assassins: a Radical Sect in Islam (1967). The IIsmāʻīlites and the Assassins (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume 1. Islam: From the Prophet Muhammad to the Capture of Constantinople (1974). The Origins of Ismāʻīlism: A Study of the Historical Background of the Fātimid Caliphate (2001). Simon Lloyd. Simon Lloyd, a British historian. English Society and the Crusade, 1216-1307 (1988). The Crusading Movement, 1096–1274 (1995). In The Oxford History of the Crusades. Peter Lock. Peter Lock, a British historian. The Franks in the Aegean, 1204-1500 (1995). The Routledge Companion to the Crusades (2006). A comprehensive discussion of all the Crusades, major players and historians. With complete bibliography. Chronicle of the Morea (2006). A discussion of the 14th century work Chronicle of the Morea. In The Crusades - An Encyclopedia. Jean Longnon. Jean Longnon (1887–1979), a French bibliothécaire, historian and journalist. (cf. French Wikipedia, Jean Longnon) Livre de la conqueste de la princée de l'Amorée: Chronique de Morée (1204-1305) (1911). An edition of the Chronicle of the Morea, a 14th-century history covering the establishment of Crusader states in Greece, including a discussion of the civil organization of the Principality of Achaea. The Frankish States in Greece, 1204–1311 (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume II, The Later Crusades 1187–1311. Les Compagnons de Villehardouin: Recherches sur les croisés de la quatrième croisade (1978). A study of Geoffrey de Villehardouin and the Fourth Crusade. Harry Luke. Sir Harry Charles Luke (1884–1969), an official in the British Colonial Office, serving in Cyprus and Palestine among others, and was the author of books on several of these countries. The Handbook of Cyprus (1913). The Handbook of Palestine (1922). The Kingdom of Cyprus, 1291–1369 (1975). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume III. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. The Kingdom of Cyprus, 1369–1489 (1975). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume III. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. Anthony T. Luttrell. Anthony Thorton Luttrell, a British historian specializing in the military orders. The Hospitallers at Rhodes, 1306–1421 (1975). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume III. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. The Military Orders, 1312–1798 (1995). In the Oxford History of the Crusades. Works by Anthony T. Luttrell. Francis Lützow. Francis Lützow (1849–1916), a Bohemian historian. Lectures on the Historians of Bohemia (1905). The Life and Times of Master John Hus (1909). A biography of pre-Protestant Christian reformer Jan Hus, executed by the Catholic Church in 1415 for heresy, bringing about the Hussite Wars. The Hussite Wars (1914). An account of the Hussite Wars of the 15th century, in particular the Anti-Hussite Crusades. Thomas F. Madden. Thomas F. Madden (born 1960), an American historian of the Crusades. (cf. Thomas Madden CV) The New Concise History of the Crusades (2005). (Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield, 2005; repr New York: Barnes and Noble, 2007). The Real History of the Crusades (2011). For the Association for Renaissance Martial Arts (ARMA). Archibald Main. Archibald Main (1876–1947), a Scottish ecclesiastical historian. The Emperor Sigismund: the Stanhope essay (1903). A biography of 15th century Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund. Hans E. Mayer. Hans Eberhard Mayer (born 1932), a German historian. Bibliographie zur Geschichte der Kreuzzüge (1960). A comprehensive bibliography of the Crusades. Studies in the History of Queen Melisende of Jerusalem (1972). Ibelin versus Ibelin: The Struggle for the Regency of Jerusalem 1253-1258 (1978). America and the Crusades. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 125, No. 1 (1981) The Succession to Baldwin II of Jerusalem: English Impact on the East (1985). Angevins versus Normans: The New Men of King Fulk of Jerusalem (1989). Select Bibliography on the Crusades (1989). Compiled by H. Mayer and Joyce McLellan. Edited by Harry W. Hazard. Edgar H. McNeal. Edgar Holmes McNeal (1874-1955), an American historian specializing on medieval Europe and the Crusades. A Source Book for Mediæval History (1905). Selected documents illustrating the history of Europe in the Middle Age. The Conquest of Constantinople (1936). The Fourth Crusade (1977). With Robert L. Wolff. In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume II, The Later Crusades 1187–1311. David Michael Metcalf. David Michael Metcalf (1933–2018), a British numismatist. Coinage of the Crusades and the Latin East in the Ashmolean Museum Oxford (1995). A collection of Crusade-era coins at the Ashmolean Museum, Britain's first public museum. Published by the Society for the Study of the Crusades and the Latin East, Royal Numismatic Society. Laura Minervini. Laura Minervini, an Italian historian who is expert on the Gestes des Chiprois. Les Gestes des Chiprois et la tradition historiographique de l'Orient latin (2004). Literature of Outremer and Cyprus (2006). In The Crusades - An Encyclopedia. Gestes des Chiprois (2006). Ibid. Philip of Novara (2006). Ibid. John L. La Monte. John L. La Monte (1902–1949), an American historian. Feudal Monarchy in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1100–1291 (1932). The Wars of Frederick II against the Ibelins in Syria and Cyprus by Philip de Novare (1936). A syllabus and reading list to accompany Carl Stephenson's Mediæval History (1936). Companion to Mediæval History: Europe from the Fourth to the Sixteenth Century (1935) by American historian Carl Stephenson (1886–1954). Review of "The Rule, Statutes and Customs of the Hospitallers 1099-1310," by E. J. King. Speculum, 10(3), 347–349. The Noble Houses of Outremer (1937). Genealogical and biographical studies of the Crusading States. John of Ibelin. The Old Lord of Beirut, 1177-1236 (1937). Some Problems in Crusading Historiography (1940). In Speculum, Volume 15 (1940), pp. 57–75. Roy Parviz Mottahedeh. Roy Parviz Mottahedeh, an American historian. The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World (2001). Edited by R. Mottahedeh and Angeliki Laiou. Alan V. Murray. Alan V. Murray, a British historian specializing on the Crusades. (cf. Alan V. Murray CV) From Clermont to Jerusalem: The Crusades and Crusader Societies, 1095-1500 (1998). Edited by A. Murray. The Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem: A Dynastic History, 1099-1125 (2000). Crusade and Conversion on the Baltic Frontier, 1150-1500 (2001). Edited by A. Murray. The Crusades—An Encyclopedia (2006). Edited by A. Murray. A comprehensive treatment of the Crusades. Sirarpie Der Nersessian. Sirarpie Der Nersessian (1896–1989), an Armenian art historian specializing in Armenian and Byzantine studies. Armenia and the Byzantine Empire (1945). The Kingdom of Cilician Armenia (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume II, The Later Crusades 1187–1311. Helen J. Nicholson. Helen Jane Nicholson, a British historian of the Crusades and the Military Religious Orders. Chronicle of the Third Crusade: a translation of the Itinerarium peregrinorum et gesta regis Ricardi (1997). The Crusades (2004). Palgrave Advances in the Crusades (2005). Edited by Helen J. Nicholson. Itnerarium Peregrinarum et Gesta Regis Ricardi (2016). An account of the anonymous Itinerarium Regis Ricardi (Itnerarium Peregrinarum et Gesta Regis Ricardi) compiled by Richard de Templo and once attributed to medieval grammarian Geoffrey of Vinsauf (fl. 1200). In Encyclopedia of Medieval Chronicle. Bibliography of works by Helen Nicholson. Robert L. Nicholson. Robert Lawrence Nicholson (1908-1985), an American historian of the Crusades. Tancred: a study of his career and work in their relation to the first Crusade and the establishment of the Latin states in Syria and Palestine (1940). A biography of Tancred, Prince of Galilee (1075–1112). Joscelyn I, Prince of Edessa (1954). A biography of Joscelyn I of Edessa. The Growth of the Latin States, 1118–1144 (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume I. The First One Hundred Years. Joscelyn III and the Fall of the Crusader States, 1134-1199 (1973). A biography of Joscelyn III, Count of Edessa. David C. Nicolle. David Charles Nicolle (born 1944) is a British historian specializing in the military history of the Middle East. Crusader Castles in the Holy Land, 1192–1302 (2004). Examines the early fortifications erected by the Crusaders in Israel, the Palestinian territories, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria and Turkey. George Ostrogorsky. George Ostrogorsky (1902–1976), a Russian-born Yugoslavian historian specializing in the Byzantine Empire. History of the Byzantine State (1969). A comprehensive thousand-year history of the Byzantine Empire. Sidney Painter. Sidney Painter (1902–1960), an American medievalist and historian. Western Europe on the Eve of the Crusades (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume I. The First One Hundred Years. The Third Crusade: Richard the Llionhearted and Philip Augustus (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume II, The Later Crusades 1187–1311. The Crusade of Theobald of Champagne and Richard of Cornwall, 1239–1241 (1969). An account of the Barons' Crusade. In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume II, The Later Crusades 1187–1311. Jonathan P. Phillips. Jonathan P. Phillips (born 1965), a British historian and medievalist. The Experience of Crusading (2003). The Fourth Crusade and the Sack of Constantinople (2004) The Second Crusade: Extending the Frontiers of Christendom (2010). The Crusades 1095-1197 (2014). Perceptions of the Crusades from the Nineteenth to the Twenty-First Century (2018). An exploration of the ways in which the Crusades have been used in the last two centuries, including the varying uses of Crusading rhetoric and imagery. The Life and Legend of the Sultan Saladin (2019). James M. Powell. James M. Powell (1930–2011), an American historian. Anatomy of a Crusade, 1213-1221 (1986). The Crusades: An Introduction (2006). In The Crusades—An Encyclopedia, edited by Alan V. Murray. The Crusades, the Kingdom of Sicily, and the Mediterranean (2007). Joshua Prawer. Joshua Prawer (1917–1990), an Israeli historian. Histoire du royaume Latin de Jérusalem (1969). The Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem: European Colonialism in the Middle Ages (1972). The World of the Crusaders (1972). Crusader Institutions (1980) Social Classes in the Crusader States: the "Minorities" (1985). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume V, The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East. Social Classes in the Latin Kingdom: the Franks (1985). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume V, The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East. The History of the Jews in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (1988) The History of Jerusalem: The Early Muslim Period (638-1099) (1996). Jean Richard. Jean Barthélémy Richard (1921–2021), a French historian and medievalist. The Political and Ecclesiastical Organization of the Crusader States (1985). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume V, The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East. Agricultural Conditions in the Crusader States (1985). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume V, The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East. The Institutions of the Kingdom of Cyprus (1989). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume VI. The Impact of the Crusades on Europe. The Crusades: c. 1071 - c. 1291 (1999). Jonathan Riley-Smith. Jonathan Riley-Smith (1938–2016), a British historian of the Crusades. (cf. Jonathan Riley-Smith CV) The First Crusade and the Idea of Crusading (1993). The Oxford History of the Crusades (1995). Edited by J. Riley-Smith. The First Crusaders, 1095-1131 (1997) The works of Jonathan Riley-Smith in HathiTrust. Louise Buenger Robbert. Louise Buenger Robbert, an American historian and numismatist, with an emphasis on medieval Venice. The Venetian money market, 1150-1229 (1971). Reorganization of the Venetian coinage by Doge Enrico Dandolo (1974). Venice and the Crusades (1985). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume V, The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East. Ettore Rossi. Ettore Rossi (1894-1955), an Italian historian. The Hospitallers at Rhodes, 1421–1523 (1975). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume III. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. Jay Rubenstein. Jay Rubenstein (born 1967), an American historian of the Middle Ages. Guibert of Nogent: Portrait of a Medieval Mind (2002). What is the Gesta Francorum, and who was Peter Tudebode? (2005). Steven Runciman. Steven Runciman (1903–2000), a British historian of the Middle Ages, specializing in the Crusades and the Byzantine empire. (cf. French Wikipedia, Steven Runciman) The First Crusaders' Journey across the Balkan Peninsula (1949). In Byzantion, Volume XXIX, pp. 207–221. A History of the Crusades, Volume One: The First Crusade and the Foundation of the Kingdom of Jerusalem (1951). A History of the Crusades, Volume Two: The Kingdom of Jerusalem and the Frankish East, 1100-1187 (1952). A History of the Crusades, Volume Three: The Kingdom of Acre and the Later Crusades (1954). The Sicilian Vespers: A History of the Mediterranean World in the Later Thirteenth Century (1958). Byzantine Civilisation (1959). The Families of Outremer: the Feudal Nobility of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, 1099-1291 (1960). The Pilgrimages to Palestine before 1093 (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume I. The First One Hundred Years. The First Crusade, Constantinople to Antioch (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume I. The First One Hundred Years. The First Crusade, Antioch to Ascalon (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume I. The First One Hundred Years. The Crusader States, 1243–1291 (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume II, The Later Crusades 1187–1311. Josiah Cox Russell. Josiah Cox Russell, an American historian. The Population of the Crusader States (1985). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume V, The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East. Henry L. Savage. Henry Lyttleton Savage (1892–1979), an American Arthurian scholar. The Gawain-poet; studies in his personality and background (1956). A study of the author of Sir Gawain and the Green Knight. Pilgrimages and Pilgrim Shrines in Palestine and Syria after 1095 (1979). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume IV. The Art and Architecture of the Crusader States. Kenneth Meyer Setton. Kenneth Meyer Setton (1914–1995), an American historian and an expert on the history of medieval Europe and the Crusades. Catalan Domination of Athens, 1311–1388 (1948). A history of the founding of the Catalan Company and their subsequent control of the Duchy of Athens and Thebes. The Age of Chivalry (1969). Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, 6 volumes (1969-1989). General editorship. The Catalans in Greece, 1311–1380 (1975). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume III. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. The Catalans and Florentines in Greece, 1380–1462 (1975). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume III. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. The Papacy and the Levant, 1204–1571, 4 volumes (1976). The Ottoman Turks and the Crusades, 1451–1522 (1989). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume VI. The Impact of the Crusades on Europe. Moshe Sharon. Moshe Sharon (born 1937), an Israeli historian of Islam. Referred to as "Israel's greatest Middle East scholar." Corpus Inscriptionum Arabicarum Palaestinae, 6 volumes to date; 7th projected (1997–2021). An extensive work that provides the epigraphy of the Holy Land relating to construction, dedication, religious endowments, epitaphs, Quranic texts, prayers and invocations. His work has been instrumental in the continued analysis of original texts of the Crusades. Current volumes cover A through J, Part 1. Seventh volume partially covers Jerusalem. J. Elizabeth Siberry. J. Elizabeth Siberry, a British historian. Tasso and the Crusades: history of a legacy (1993). An essay on Italian poet Torquato Tasso (1544–1595) and his influential work La Gerusalemme liberata (Jerusalem Delivered) (1581). Images of the Crusades in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (1995). In the Oxford History of the Crusades. The New Crusaders: Images of the Crusades in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (2000). Denis Sinor. Denis Sinor (1916–2011), a Hungarian scholar of the history of Central Asia. The Mongols and Western Europe (1975). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume III. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. The Cambridge History of Early Inner Asia (1990). Edited by D. Sinor. Contributions include Introduction: the Concept of Inner Asia; the Hun Period; and the Establishment and Dissolution of the Türk Empire. Raymond C. Smail. Raymond Charles Smail (1913-1986), a British historian and medievalist. Crusading Warfare (1097–1193) (1956). The Crusaders in Syria and the Holy Land. (1973). Indrikis Sterns. Indrikis Sterns (1928–2005), a Latvian-American medieval historian. The Teutonic Knights in the Crusader States (1985). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume V, The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East. William Barron Stevenson. William Barron Stevenson (1869-1954), a British historian. The Crusaders in the East (1907). A history of the Crusades from the Muslim viewpoint. Joseph R. Strayer. Joseph Reese Strayer (1904–1987) was an American medievalist, also serving as a member of the CIA's Office of National Estimates. Western Europe in the Middle Ages: a short history (1955). The Political Crusades of the Thirteenth Century (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume II, The Later Crusades 1187–1311. The Crusades of Louis IX (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume II, The Later Crusades 1187–1311. The Albigensian Crusades (1971). With a new epilog by Carol Lansing in the 1992 edition. Heinrich von Sybel. Heinrich von Sybel (1817–1895), a German historian. History and Literature of the Crusades (1861). Translated by Lucie, Lady Duff-Gordon. Taef El-Azhari. Taef El-Azhari, an Egyptian historian specializing in the history of the Seljuk and Zengid dynasties. The Saljūqs of Syria: during the Crusades, 463-549 A.H./1070-1154 A.D (1997). Zengi and the Muslim response to the Crusades: The politics of jihad (2016). James Westfall Thompson. James Westfall Thompson (1869–1941), an American historian specializing in the history of medieval and early modern Europe, particularly of the Holy Roman Empire and France. Economic and social history of the Middle Ages (300–1300), 2 volumes (1928). The Middle Ages, 300–1500, 2 volumes (1931). An Introduction to Medieval Europe, 300-1500 (1937). With Edgar N. Johnson. Medieval and historiographical essays: in honor of James Westfall Thompson (1938). Edited by James Lea Cate and Eugene N. Anderson. Robert W. Thomson. Robert William Thomson (1934–2018), a British-Armenian historian. The Crusaders through Armenian Eyes (2001). In The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World (2001). Peter Topping. Peter Topping, a British historian. The Morea, 1311–1364 (1975). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume III. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. The Morea, 1364–1460 (1975). Ibid. Barbara W. Tuchman. Barbara Wertheim Tuchman (1912–1989), an American historian. A Distant Mirror: The Calamitous Fourteenth Century (1978). Christopher Tyerman. Christopher Tyerman (born 1953), a British historian focusing on the Crusades. The Crusades: A Very Short Introduction (2005). God's War: A New History of the Crusades (2006). The dust jacket announces God's War as "the definitive account of a fascinating and horrifying story" and compares it to Runciman's "well-loved and much-published classic study of the Crusades." The Crusades (A Brief Insight) (2009). The Invention of the Crusades (1998). Modern Historiography (2006). In The Crusades: An Encyclopedia, edited by Alan V. Murray. A critical analysis of Crusader histories from the fifteenth century to the early twenty-first century. The Debate on the Crusades, 1099–2010 (2011). A study of how historians from the eleventh century to the present have developed accounts of the Crusades to suit changing contemporary circumstances and interests. Assessment of works by leading scholars from John Foxe, Gottfried Leibniz, Voltaire and Dave Hume, to historians such as William Robertson, Edward Gibbon and Leopold Ranke. Related the study of the Crusades to academic trends and controversies over the last hundred years, including twentieth-century works by Crusader scholars such as Carl Erdmann and Steven Runciman. In Issues in Historiography (2011) Bibliography of works by Christopher Tyerman. Thomas C. Van Cleve. Thomas Curtis Van Cleve (1888–1976), and American historian of the Middle Ages. A Study of the Sources of the De Sphaera Mundi of Joannes de Sacrobosco or John Holywood (1921). A study of the astronomy work De sphaera mundi (The Sphere of the Cosmos or Tractatus de sphaera) by the medieval scholar Johannes de Sacrobosco (c. 1195 – c. 1256). Markward of Anweiler and the Sicilian Regency: a study of Hohenstaufen policy in Sicily during the minority of Frederick II (1937). A biography of Markward von Annweiler (died 1202), imperial seneschal and regent of the Kingdom of Sicily, who was the target of one of the early political crusades. The Fifth Crusade (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume II, The Later Crusades 1187–1311. The Crusade of Frederick II (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume II, The Later Crusades 1187–1311. Helene Wieruszowski. Helene Wieruszowski, an American scholar of medieval history. The Norman Kingdom of Sicily and the Crusades (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume II, The Later Crusades 1187–1311. Robert L. Wolff. Robert L. Wolff (1915–1980), an American historian. Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume II. The Later Crusades, 1189–1311 (1969). Edited by R. Wolff (1915-1980) and Harry W. Hazard. The Fourth Crusade (1969). With Edgar H. McNeal. In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume II, The Later Crusades 1187–1311. The Latin Empire of Constantinople, 1224–1311 (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume II, The Later Crusades 1187–1311. Studies in the Latin Empire of Constantinople (1976). Norman P. Zacour. Norman P. Zacour, an American historian of the Crusades. The Children's Crusade (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume II. The Later Crusades 1187–1311. Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume V. The Impact of the Crusades on the Near East (1985). Edited by N. Zacour and Harry W. Hazard. Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume VI. The Impact of the Crusades on Europe (1989). Edited by N. Zacour and Harry W. Hazard. Muḥammad Muṣṭafā Ziyādaẗ. Muḥammad Muṣṭafā Ziyādaẗ (died 1968), an Egyptian medieval historian. The Mamluk Sultans to 1293 (1969). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume II. The Later Crusades 1187–1311. The Mamluk Sultans, 1291–1517 (1975). In the Wisconsin Collaborative History of the Crusades, Volume III. The Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. Bibliography for the historiography of the Crusades The historiography of the Crusades (literally, the history of histories) includes the original sources and subsequent histories, as well as the study of how historians have interpreted the Crusades. This is a complex subject that several contemporary historians have provided their perspective. Prominent ones are discussed below. These include Tyerman's Modern Historiography and Constable's Historiography of the Crusades. Overview. Murray's The Crusades—An Encyclopedia includes a series of articles on the historiography of the Crusades, including the following. Modern Historiography, by Christopher Tyerman. Western Sources, by Susan Edgington and Alan V. Murray. Greek Sources, by Jonathan Harris. Arabic Sources, by Niall Christie. Armenian Sources, by Angus Stewart. Syriac Sources, by Dorothea Weltecke. Hebrew Sources, by Anna Sapir Abulafia. Louis R. Bréhier. Louis R. Bréhier (1869–1951), a French historian specializing in Byzantine studies. Crusades (Bibliography and Sources) (1908). A concise summary of the historiography of the Crusades. In the Catholic Encyclopedia. Ernest Barker. Ernest Barker (1874–1960), an English political scientist. Crusades (1911). A summary of the history of the Crusades. Section 11. Literature of Crusades provides a view of the historiography of the Crusades. In the 11th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica. The Crusades (1923). A later edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica article, edited with additional notes. Carole Hillenbrand. Carole Hillenbrand (born 1943), a British Islamic scholar. A Muslim Principality in Crusader Times: the Early Artuqid state (1990). Based on her PhD thesis History of the Jazira, 1100–1150. The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives (2000). Discusses themes that highlight how Muslims reacted to the presence of the Crusaders in the heart of traditionally Islamic territory. Examines ideological concerns and the importance of the jihad in the context of the gradual recovery of the Holy Land and the expulsion of the Crusaders. Konrad Hirschler. Konrad Hirschler, a German historian specializing on medieval Islam. Medieval Arabic Historiography: Authors as Actors (2006). The Jerusalem Conquest of 492/1099 in the Medieval Arabic Historiography of the Crusades: From Regional Plurality to Islamic Narrative (2013). A comparative study of how Arabic historians treated the conquest of Jerusalem, with estimates of victims ranging from 70,000 to 100,0000. Historians considered include ibn al-Qalanisi (1071–1160), Ali ibn al-Athir (1160–1233), al-Azimi (1090 – after 1161), ibn al-Azraq al-Fariqi (1116–1176), Bar Hebraeus (1226–1286), Imad ad-Din al-Isfahani (1125–1201), al-Jazari (fl. 1290–1299), Kamal al-Din (1192–1262), Sibt ibn al-Jawzi (1185–1256), ibn Khallikan (1211–1282), Abu’l-Fida (Abu'l-Feda) (1273–1331), Al-Makrizi (1364–1442) and Diya al-Din al-Maqdisi.(1173–1245). Studying Mamluk Historiography. From Source-Criticism to the Cultural Turn (2013) Ibn Wāṣil: An Ayyūbid Perspective on Frankish Lordships and Crusades (2015). A study on the works of Syrian historian Ibn Wāṣil (1208–1298). Ibn Khaldūn. 'Abd al-Raḥmār ibn Khaldūn (before 1337 – 1406), an Arab scholar of Islam, social scientist and historian, who has been described as the father of the modern discipline of historiography. Kitāb al-ʻIbar, 7 volumes (1337), Book of Lessons, Record of Beginnings and Events in the History of the Arabs and the Berbers and Their Powerful Contemporaries. Includes three parts: al-Muqaddimah (Prolegomena), a universal history of empires; A world history of events up to 1337; and Historiography of works from Arabic Africa. Bernard Lewis. Bernard Lewis (1916–2018), a British-American historian specialized in Oriental studies, particularly the Assassins. The Sources for the History of the Syrian Assassins, in Speculum, XXVII (1952). Jonathan Riley-Smith. Jonathan Riley-Smith (1938–2016), a British historian of the Crusades. The Crusading Movement and Historians (1995). A discussion of the evolving view of historians to the Crusades. In The Oxford History of the Crusades. Christopher Tyerman. Christopher Tyerman (born 1953), a British historian focusing on the Crusades. Modern Historiography (2006). In The Crusades: An Encyclopedia. A critical analysis of Crusader histories from the fifteenth century to the early twenty-first century. The Invention of the Crusades (1998). Particularly, Proteus Unbound: Crusading Historiography. A historical study of the Crusades from the original sources of the First Crusade through the nineteenth century. The Debate on the Crusades, 1099–2010 (2011). A study of how historians from the eleventh century to the present have developed accounts of the Crusades to suit changing contemporary circumstances and interests. Assessment of works by leading scholars from John Foxe, Gottfried Leibniz, Voltaire and Dave Hume, to historians such as William Robertson, Edward Gibbon and Leopold Ranke. Related the study of the Crusades to academic trends and controversies over the last hundred years, including twentieth-century works by Crusader scholars such as Carl Erdmann and Steven Runciman. In Issues in Historiography (2011). Mikhail Abramovich Zaborov. Mikhail Abramovich Zaborov (20th century), a Russian historian of the Crusades. Introduction to the Historiography of the Crusades (1966), in Russian. Historiography of the Crusades [15th–19th century] (1971), in Russian. Further works on the historiography of the Crusades, Western view. Additional works presenting the Western viewpoint of the topic of historiography, some previously cited, include the following. History and Literature of the Crusades (1861), by Heinrich von Sybel (1817–1895), translated by Lucie, Lady Duff-Gordon. Particularly, Part II: Literature of the Crusades. Recent Developments in Crusading Historiography (1937), by T. S. R. Boase (1898–1974). In History, Volume 22. Some Problems in Crusading Historiography (1940), by John L. La Monte (1902–1949). In Speculum, Volume 15 (1940), pp. 57–75. The Origin of the Idea of Crusade (1977), by Carl Erdmann (1898–1945). Translation by Marshall W. Baldwin (1903–1975) and Walter Goffart (born 1934). The Historiography of the Crusades (2001), by Giles Constable (1929–2021). In The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World . Introduction to the Historiography of the Crusades (1966) and Historiography of the Crusades [15th–19th century] (1971), both in Russian. By Mikhail Abramovich Zaborov, The Crusades: A Documentary Survey (1962) and The Crusades, Motives and Achievements (1964), by James A. Brundage. Recent Crusade Historiography: Some Observations and Suggestions (1964) by James A. Brundage. In Catholic Historical Review (CHR) 49. The New Crusaders: Images of the Crusades in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (2000). By British historian J. Elizabeth Siberry. The Historiography of Islamic Egypt, c. 950-1800 (2000). By British historian Hugh N. Kennedy. Les Gestes des Chiprois et la tradition historiographique de l'Orient latin (2004). By Laura Minervini. Perceptions of the Crusades from the Nineteenth to the Twenty-first Century (2018). Edited by Jonathan P. Phillips. An exploration of the ways in which the Crusades have been used in the last two centuries, including the varying uses of Crusading rhetoric and imagery. Medieval and historiographical essays: in honor of James Westfall Thompson (1938). Edited by James Lea Cate and Eugene N. Anderson. The Literature and Historiography of the Baltic Crusade (2001). Edited by Alan V. Murray. In Crusade and Conversion on the Baltic Frontier, 1150–1500. Crusaders and Historians (2005), by Thomas F. Madden. The Jerusalem Massacre of July 1099 in the Western Historiography of the Crusades (2004), by Benjamin Z. Kedar. Byzantine, Islamic, Jewish and Armenian views on the Crusades. Works that present the historiography of the Crusades from Byzantine, Islamic, Jewish or Armenian viewpoints included the following. The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World (2001). Edited by Greek-American Byzantinist Angeliki E. Laiou (1941–2008) and American historian Roy Parviz Mottahedeh. Arabic Historiography of the Crusades (1962) and Arab Historians of the Crusades (1969), by Italian Arabist and orientalist Francesco Gabrieli (1904–1996). The Crusade: Historiography and Bibliography (1962), by Egyptian Coptologist Aziz Suryal Atiya (1898–1988). The Crusaders in the East (1907), by William Barron Stevenson (1869-1954). A history of the Crusades from the Muslim viewpoint. History of the Jews, 6 volumes (1853–1875), by Heinrich Graetz (1817–1891). The Crusades from a Jewish viewpoint are covered in Volume 3. The Crusades: Islamic Perspectives (2000), by British Islamic scholar Carole Hillenbrand. Historiography of the Seljuqid period (1962), by French orientalist Claude Cahen. The History of Jerusalem: The Early Muslim Period (638–1099) (1996). By Israeli historian Joshua Prawer (1917–1990). The Crusaders through Armenian Eyes (2001), by British Armenian historian Robert William Thomson (1934–2018). In The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World (2001). Islamic historiography (2016). By Heidi R. Krauss-Sánchez and Paulina López Pita. In the Encyclopedia of the Medieval Chronicle. References
Ceylan Yeğinsu is a Turkish-British journalist and currently a staff reporter for The New York Times. Life Yeğinsu began her journalism career in 2008 as a reporter and editor for Hurriyet Daily News, where she covered politics, culture, business and sport. She also ran a weekly column on issues of gender equality in Turkey. In 2011, she received a master's degree in Digital Media at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism and was awarded the Brigid O'Hara-Forster Fellowship. As a freelance reporter and multimedia journalist in New York and Istanbul, she worked for publications including The Atlantic, The Economist, Huffington Post, International Business Times. In 2013, Yeğinsu joined the ' Istanbul Bureau. In September 2014, she ran a front-page story on ISIL's recruitment of Turks in the Hacıbayram neighborhood of Ankara. Her report was heavily criticized by President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, who called the story "shameless, ignoble, treason." Yeğinsu was subsequently attacked by the newspaper Star and other pro-government media, and received multiple death threats. The article contained multiple dubious and unsupported claims, including unverifiable references to children acting violently, uttering death threats, and supporting the beheading of journalists; as well as figures placing the number of ISIS recruits from Hacıbayram at "up to 100." The resulting intimidation campaign against Yeğinsu forced her to temporarily leave the country. The directors of Reporters Without Borders, Article 19 and the English PEN to publish an open letter, reminding President Erdoğan of journalists significant role in a democracy and their protection in both Turkish and international law. The U.S. State Department criticized Turkey for these attempts of intimidation and threat. During the 2023 Israel–Hamas war, Yeğinsu's reporting and social media posts repeatedly promoted the Islamophobic narrative that Palestinian protesters were endangering the security of Europe. References Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Turkish women journalists Turkish women's rights activists Mass media freedom in Turkey 2015 controversies Controversies in Turkey Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism alumni The New York Times writers
The Japanese automobile manufacturer Daihatsu, a wholly owned subsidiary of Toyota Group since 2016, has produced a number of vehicles since its inception in 1951. Current production vehicles Former production vehicles Applause Ascend/Valéra Bee Be‣go Boon Luminas Cast Ceria (rebadge of Perodua Kancil) Charade Charmant (rebadge of Toyota Corolla) Compagno Coo/Materia (OEM supply as Toyota bB and Subaru Dex) Consorte Delta Esse Extol Fellow Max Hijet Caddie Hijet Gran Cargo/Extol Hi-Max Leeza Leeza Spider Max Mebius Midget/Midget II Mira/Cuore/Domino/Handi/Handivan Mira Cocoa Mira Gino Move Conte Move Latte Naked New Line Opti Pyzar/Gran Move/Grand Move Rocky/Feroza/Sportrak (F300) Rugger/Rocky/Fourtrak/Taft/Hiline/Feroza (F70) (OEM supply as Toyota Blizzard) Sonica Storia (OEM supply as Toyota Duet) Taft (F10/F20/F50/F60)/Scat (OEM supply as Toyota Blizzard) Tanto Exe (OEM supply as Subaru Lucra) Taruna Trevis Wake YRV Zebra/Hijet Zebra/Hijet Maxx/Citivan Former commercial vehicles Charade Van Charmant Van Compagno Van/Truck FA pickup truck Delta series Hi-Line/F series Hijet Caddie Hijet Gran Cargo/Extol Hijet Zebra/Zebra/Hijet Maxx/Citivan (OEM supply as Perodua Rusa) Hi-Max Light Bus series Midget Mira Van/Walk-through Van/Miracab New Line Taft Truck (F25/55) Vesta/V series Three-wheeled trucks BF (1962) 1¼-ton BM (1962) 1½-ton BO (1961) 2-ton CF (1962) 1¼-ton CM (1962) 1½-ton CO (1963) 2-ton HA (1930) HB (1931) HD (1931) HF (1933) HS (1934) HT (1933) Midget DK/DS/MP (1957–72) PF (1958) 1¼-ton PL (1958) 1-ton PM (1958) 1½-ton PO (1959) 2-ton RKF (1957) 1-ton RKM (1957) 1½-ton RKO (1956) 2-ton RO (1958) SCA (1955) ¾-ton SCB (1955) 1-ton SCE (1955) 1-ton SCO (1955) 2-ton SE/SSE (1946) ½-ton SDB (1956) 1-ton SDF (1956) 1-ton SF (1948) ½-ton SH (1949) ½-ton SK (1951) ½-ton SKD (1957) 1-ton SKC (1958) ¾-ton SDF/SSDF (1956) 1-ton SN/SSN (1952) 1-ton SSH (1950) ¾-ton SX (1954) UF (1960) 1¼-ton UM (1960) 1½-ton UO (1960) 2-ton Racing cars P-3 P-5 Concept vehicles See also Daihatsu Toyota List of Toyota vehicles Subaru Daihatsu Daihatsu
Oreomunnea is a genus of two species of flowering plants in the family Juglandaceae, native to southern Mexico and Central America, where they occur in montane rainforest. They are large trees growing to 35 m tall, with pinnate leaves with four to eight leaflets; unlike most genera in the Juglandaceae, the leaves are arranged in opposite pairs. The fruit is a small nut about 1 cm diameter, with a three-lobed wing. Species Oreomunnea mexicana (Standl.) J.-F.Leroy Oreomunnea pterocarpa Oerst. References Engelhardioideae Fagales genera Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Ben or Benjamin Smith may refer to: Arts and entertainment Ben Smith (musician) (1905–?), American alto saxophonist and clarinetist Ben Fox Smith (born 1978), singer of band Serafin Benjamin Smith (actor) (born 1989), television actor Benjamin Smith (engraver) (1754–1833), British engraver Bennie Smith (1933–2006), guitarist Doc Brown (rapper) (Benjamin Harvey Bailey Smith, born 1977), British entertainer Media Ben Smith (journalist) (Benjamin Eli Smith, born 1976), former media columnist for The New York Times Benjamin Eli Smith (1857–1913), editor Politics Benjamin Smith (Whig politician) (1783–1860), British politician, MP for Sudbury, 1835–1837, and then Norwich, 1838–1847 Ben Smith (Labour politician) (1879–1964), British politician and government minister Benjamin Smith (North Carolina politician) (1756–1826), U.S. politician and Governor of North Carolina Benjamin A. Smith II (1916–1991), U.S. Senator from Massachusetts, 1960–1962 Benjamin H. Smith (1797–1887), American politician in Virginia and West Virginia Benjamin Smith (Nova Scotia politician) (1786–1873), Canadian farmer, land surveyor and political figure in Nova Scotia Benjamin Franklin Smith (1865–1944), Canadian produce dealer and political figure in New Brunswick Sports Ben Smith (cornerback) (born 1967), former NFL player Ben Smith (curler) (born 1999), New Zealand curler Ben Smith (English cricketer) (born 1972), English cricketer Ben Smith (New Zealand cricketer) (born 1991), New Zealand cricketer Ben Smith (end) (1911–1941), American football player Ben Smith (footballer, born 1978), English footballer Ben Smith (footballer, born 1986), English football goalkeeper Ben Smith (ice hockey, born 1988), American NHL ice hockey player Ben Smith (ice hockey coach), Harvard University alumni, US Olympic team coach Ben Smith (rugby league) (born 1984), Australian rugby league player Ben Smith (rugby union) (born 1986), New Zealand rugby union player Ben Smith (squash player) (born 2002), English squash player Benjamin Leigh Smith (1828–1913), British yachtsman and explorer Ben Smith (golfer) (1921–2009), American golfer Ben Smith (CrossFit) (born 1990), American CrossFit competitor Others Benjamin F. Smith (1831–1868), Union Brevet Brigadier General, see Siege of Corinth Union order of battle Benjamin B. Smith (1784–1884), Episcopal presiding bishop Benjamin Nathaniel Smith (1978–1999), perpetrator of the 1999 Independence Day weekend shootings Benjamin Smith (priest) (1819–1900), Archdeacon of Maidstone Benjamin Smith (political scientist) (born 1970), political scientist and academic at the University of Florida Benjamin Smith (executive) (born 1971), airline executive, CEO of Air France-KLM Benjamin Smith (slave trader) (1717–1770), early American slave trader, plantation owner, shipowner, merchant banker and politician See also Ben Roberts-Smith (born 1978), Australian soldier and recipient of the Victoria Cross for Australia
Quality of experience (QoE) is a measure of the delight or annoyance of a customer's experiences with a service (e.g., web browsing, phone call, TV broadcast). QoE focuses on the entire service experience; it is a holistic concept, similar to the field of user experience, but with its roots in telecommunication. QoE is an emerging multidisciplinary field based on social psychology, cognitive science, economics, and engineering science, focused on understanding overall human quality requirements. Definition and concepts In 2013, within the context of the COST Action QUALINET, QoE has been defined as:The degree of delight or annoyance of the user of an application or service. It results from the fulfillment of his or her expectations with respect to the utility and / or enjoyment of the application or service in the light of the user’s personality and current state.This definition has been adopted in 2016 by the International Telecommunication Union in Recommendation ITU-T P.10/G.100. Before, various definitions of QoE had existed in the domain, with the above-mentioned definition now finding wide acceptance in the community. QoE has historically emerged from Quality of Service (QoS), which attempts to objectively measure service parameters (such as packet loss rates or average throughput). QoS measurement is most of the time not related to a customer, but to the media or network itself. QoE however is a purely subjective measure from the user’s perspective of the overall quality of the service provided, by capturing people’s aesthetic and hedonic needs. QoE looks at a vendor's or purveyor's offering from the standpoint of the customer or end user, and asks, "What mix of goods, services, and support, do you think will provide you with the perception that the total product is providing you with the experience you desired and/or expected?" It then asks, "Is this what the vendor/purveyor has actually provided?" If not, "What changes need to be made to enhance your total experience?" In short, QoE provides an assessment of human expectations, feelings, perceptions, cognition and satisfaction with respect to a particular product, service or application. QoE is a blueprint of all human subjective and objective quality needs and experiences arising from the interaction of a person with technology and with business entities in a particular context. Although QoE is perceived as subjective, it is an important measure that counts for customers of a service. Being able to measure it in a controlled manner helps operators understand what may be wrong with their services and how to improve them. QoE factors QoE aims at taking into consideration every factor that contributes to a user's perceived quality of a system or service. This includes system, human and contextual factors. The following so-called "influence factors" have been identified and classified by Reiter et al.: Human Influence Factors Low-level processing (visual and auditory acuity, gender, age, mood, …) Higher-level processing (cognitive processes, socio-cultural and economic background, expectations, needs and goals, other personality traits…) System Influence Factors Content-related Media-related (encoding, resolution, sample rate, …) Network-related (bandwidth, delay, jitter, …) Device-related (screen resolution, display size, …) Context Influence Factors Physical context (location and space) Temporal context (time of day, frequency of use, …) Social context (inter-personal relations during experience) Economic context Task context (multitasking, interruptions, task type) Technical and information context (relationship between systems) Studies in the field of QoE have typically focused on system factors, primarily due to its origin in the QoS and network engineering domains. Through the use of dedicated test laboratories, the context is often sought to be kept constant. QoE versus User Experience QoE is strongly related to but different from the field of User Experience (UX), which also focuses on users' experiences with services. Historically, QoE has emerged from telecommunication research, while UX has its roots in Human–Computer Interaction. Both fields can be considered multi-disciplinary. In contrast to UX, the goal of improving QoE for users was more strongly motivated by economic needs. Wechsung and De Moor identify the following key differences between the fields: QoE measurement As a measure of the end-to-end performance at the service level from the user's perspective, QoE is an important metric for the design of systems and engineering processes. This is particularly relevant for video services because – due to their high traffic demands –, bad network performance may highly affect the user's experience. So, when designing systems, the expected output, i.e. the expected QoE, is often taken into account – also as a system output metric and optimization goal. To measure this level of QoE, human ratings can be used. The mean opinion score (MOS) is a widely used measure for assessing the quality of media signals. It is a limited form of QoE measurement, relating to a specific media type, in a controlled environment and without explicitly taking into account user expectations. The MOS as an indicator of experienced quality has been used for audio and speech communication, as well as for the assessment of quality of Internet video, television and other multimedia signals, and web browsing. Due to inherent limitations in measuring QoE in a single scalar value, the usefulness of the MOS is often debated. Subjective quality evaluation requires a lot of human resources, establishing it as a time-consuming process. Objective evaluation methods can provide quality results faster, but require dedicated computing resources. Since such instrumental video quality algorithms are often developed based on a limited set of subjective data, their QoE prediction accuracy may be low when compared to human ratings. QoE metrics are often measured at the end devices and can conceptually be seen as the remaining quality after the distortion introduced during the preparation of the content and the delivery through the network, until it reaches the decoder at the end device. There are several elements in the media preparation and delivery chain, and some of them may introduce distortion. This causes degradation of the content, and several elements in this chain can be considered as ”QoE-relevant“ for the offered services. The causes of degradation are applicable for any multimedia service, that is, not exclusive to video or speech. Typical degradations occur at the encoding system (compression degradation), transport network, access network (e.g., packet loss or packet delay), home network (e.g. WiFi performance) and end device (e.g. decoding performance). QoE management Several QoE-centric network management and bandwidth management solutions have been proposed, which aim to improve the QoE delivered to the end-users. When managing a network, QoE fairness may be taken into account in order to keep the users sufficiently satisfied (i.e., high QoE) in a fair manner. From a QoE perspective, network resources and multimedia services should be managed in order to guarantee specific QoE levels instead of classical QoS parameters, which are unable to reflect the actual delivered QoE. A pure QoE-centric management is challenged by the nature of the Internet itself, as the Internet protocols and architecture were not originally designed to support today's complex and high demanding multimedia services. As an example for an implementation of QoE management, network nodes can become QoE-aware by estimating the status of the multimedia service as perceived by the end-users. This information can then be used to improve the delivery of the multimedia service over the network and proactively improve the users' QoE. This can be achieved, for example, via traffic shaping. QoE management gives the service provider and network operator the capability to minimize storage and network resources by allocating only the resources that are sufficient to maintain a specific level of user satisfaction. As it may involve limiting resources for some users or services in order to increase the overall network performance and QoE, the practice of QoE management requires that net neutrality regulations are considered. QoX, a new form of management With the expanse of the 5G some people have introduced a new form of global management named QoX. This model for QoE management, not only measure and evaluate the QoE, but it also provides benefits to the QoS. By using machine learning we can create an adaptive and responsive management system. With this model, we can find and establish a standard for internet speed that satisfy the users and their needs. References Customer experience Telecommunications Multimedia
The Kennett Square Historic District is a national historic district that is located in Kennett Square, Chester County, Pennsylvania. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. History and architectural features This district encompasses 507 contributing buildings that are located in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Kennett Square. They are mostly residential and commercial structures that were built between 1875 and 1924 in a variety of popular architectural styles, including Colonial Revival, Victorian, and Federal. Notable non-residential buildings include the American Road Machinery complex, Kennett Consolidated School, New Century Club, Baptist church, St. Patrick's Parochial School, former Episcopal Church of the Advent, Friends Home, Bernard Building, and Municipal Building. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1989. References Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania Federal architecture in Pennsylvania Colonial Revival architecture in Pennsylvania Historic districts in Chester County, Pennsylvania National Register of Historic Places in Chester County, Pennsylvania Kennett Square, Pennsylvania
Tripidium arundinaceum, synonym Saccharum arundinaceum, commonly known as hardy sugar cane, is a grass native to tropical and subtropical Asia from India to Korea and New Guinea. In the Tamil language it is known as நாணல் − nāṇal. In the Assamese language it is known as মেগেলা কুঁহিয়াৰ − meghela kuhiyaar, with the word kuhiyaar meaning sugarcane. References Andropogoneae Flora of Asia
The Rescue is a 2021 documentary film directed and produced by Elizabeth Chai Vasarhelyi and Jimmy Chin. It follows the Tham Luang cave rescue, a 2018 mission that saved a junior association football team from an underwater cave. The film had its world premiere at the 48th Telluride Film Festival on September 2, 2021, and was theatrically released in the United States on October 8, 2021. Synopsis The film follows the Tham Luang cave rescue. Production In March 2019, it was announced Kevin Macdonald would direct a documentary film revolving around the Tham Luang cave rescue, with National Geographic Documentary Films set to produce. In February 2021, it was announced Elizabeth Chai Vasarhelyi and Jimmy Chin would replace Macdonald as director, though he would remain as executive producer on the project. The filmmakers had difficulty securing rights to the story, with National Geographic able to secure the rights to the divers' story, while Netflix had acquired rights to the experiences of the soccer team, preventing them from telling their story in the film. Release The film had its world premiere at the 48th Telluride Film Festival on September 2, 2021. It was also screened at the 2021 Toronto International Film Festival on September 12, 2021, where it won the People's Choice Award for Documentaries. Greenwich Entertainment will distribute the film in the United States. Reception Box office In its opening weekend, the film made $69,662 from five theaters. Critical response According to review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, 96% of 91 critics have given the film a positive review, with an average rating of 8.5/10. Metacritic assigned the film a weighted average score of 86 out of 100 based on 18 critics, indicating "universal acclaim". Michael O'Sullivan of The Washington Post gave the film 4/4 stars, writing: "As with Chin and Vasarhelyi's previous films, ignore any instinct you may have to pass up this movie because it sounds too hyper-specific: an activity you're not really that interested in, and a story whose ending you've already heard." Simran Hans of The Observer gave the film 4/5 stars, describing it as a "hugely involving documentary", and wrote: "Vasarhelyi and Chin recreate the sense of the clock running down as oxygen levels in the cave decrease, while the monsoon outside rages." Kevin Maher of The Times also gave the film 4/5 stars, writing: "the film-makers somehow manage to wring nerve-jangling tension from a foregone conclusion". John Lui of The Straits Times also gave the film 4/5 stars, writing: "By calmly describing everything that could go wrong while hauling 13 non-divers across 4 km of twisty, submerged passages, the experts evoke a sense of dread that would make a horror film-maker proud." Leslie Felperin of The Guardian gave the film 3/5 stars, writing: "Not only is the story compelling, but thanks to how much the event captured the interest of the world's media, there is a lot of archive footage to splice in among the generous wodges of talking-heads narration from the main participants." However, she criticized the music used towards the end of the film as "cheesy" and questioned why the rescued children were not interviewed. Roxana Hadadi of RogerEbert.com was more critical of the film, giving it 2.5/4 stars. She wrote: "between Vasarhelyi and Chin's inability to speak with the boys or their families, and the documentary's initially languid pacing, "The Rescue" feels like half a story told fairly well, but still, half a story." Cassie Da Costa of Vanity Fair wrote that the film "plods along without taking any formal risks", adding: "I couldn't shake the feeling of watching a network TV documentary, designed to feed the audience with detail after detail, but not to generate any significant ideas from the facts and images it contains." Awards and nominations See also The Cave (2019 Thai film), 2019 Thai action-drama film about these events. Thirteen Lives – 2022 film directed by Ron Howard References External links Rescue \| National Geographic Documentary Films \| Interview with Co-Director Chai Vasarhelyi 2021 films 2021 documentary films American documentary films British documentary films Documentary films about underwater diving National Geographic Society films Films directed by Elizabeth Chai Vasarhelyi Films directed by Jimmy Chin Films scored by Daniel Pemberton Films shot in Chiang Rai province Tham Luang cave rescue 2020s English-language films 2020s American films 2020s British films News & Documentary Emmy Award winning programs
This page provides maps and a list of cities and towns during the Syrian civil war. Maps List Syria is subdivided in a hierarchical manner into 14 Governorates (or G.) and 65 Districts. For each governorate, the first city in the table is the governorate capital (and capital city of its district at the same time). The following towns are the regional capitals (administrative centers) of the districts. The last item is the rural area outside the listed towns in each governorate. Each section details a brief summary of that city or town's history during the Syrian Civil War. The population figures are given according to the 2004 official census. Aleppo Governorate Damascus and Rif Damashq Governorates Daraa Governorate Deir ez-Zor Governorate Hama Governorate al-Hasakah Governorate Homs Governorate Idlib Governorate Latakia Governorate Quneitra Governorate Raqqa Governorate as-Suwayda Governorate Tartus Governorate See also List of airports in Syria Spillover of the Syrian Civil War References Syrian civil war
Sohrai and Khovar are aboriginal methods of wall painting or mural prevalent in the eastern part of India, particularly in the Hazaribagh district of Jharkhand. The art is related to the festival of Sohrai which is celebrated during the autumn months after the Hindu festival of Diwali. Khovar painting specifically relates marriage rituals among the tribes in the region. It is celebrated after the monsoon season and at the start of the paddy harvest season. Nowadays, Sohrai and Khovar paintings are also created on paper and cloth so that they may be sold to patrons. History The origin of the art form can be traced back to the Paleolithic period between 7000 and 400 BC. Cave paintings discovered in the area have similar animal and floral patterns as seen in the wall murals of the region. The natives believe that these paintings were made by their ancestors. The environmental activist Bulu Imam was the first to show this connection to the outside world. Sohrai is derived from the Mundari term Soroi, which means 'to lash with a stick'. Characteristics The art of Sohrai painting is significantly matriarchal in its depiction as well as the tradition associated with it. The skill is passed on from mother to daughter. Most of the depictions show pregnant figures and animals with their younger ones. Hens and chicks are very common motifs. Other animals depicted in the painting are Indian buffalo, Indian rhinoceros, bumped cows, tigers, wild pigs, and Nilgai. Sohrai paintings are dedicated to Pashupati, ruler of creatures. The paintings comprise of prominent red and black lines, the red lines representing the blood of ancestors and the black line depicting eternal death or god Shiva. Similarly, Khovar has matriarchal roots and is passed on from mothers to daughters. Kho means house or room, and Var means groom. These paintings are made in the bride's room by her mother, and the married couple spend their first night in this room. Their themes are generally related to fertility and male-female relationships, and they depict recreation through motifs such as bamboo, elephants, turtles, peacocks, lotuses, and other flowers. Process The processes of both art forms starts with coating the surface with a mixture of soil and dung. After this, a layer of white clay is applied. Patterns are created on the partially dried clay with fingers and sticks. In Sohrai art, first the red lines are drawn depicting ancestors or fertility, followed by a black line representing Shiva. Finally, the white lines are drawn depicting food, as the art form is related to the harvest festival. The patterns are drawn instinctively from the natural forms and the person's connection with nature. Khovar painting is a sacred art form depicting fertility and is generally monochrome. First, the wall is covered with black earth, depicting the womb. Then it is covered with white clay, which symbolises sperm. After the clay is set half-way, a comb is used to draw patterns resembling a rising Mother Goddess. The figure of a pregnant peacock is considered the most auspicious symbol for the marriage room, whereas animals, birds, lizards, and flowers are drawn to celebrate the auspicious occasion. Present Situation The art form has been popularized by Bulu Imam since 1992, when he established the Sanskriti Museum & Art Gallery. In 2018, the Jharkhand government announced plans to adorn trains and government housing with Sohrai paintings. Sohrai-Khovar received the Geographical Indication tag in 2020. References Geographical indications in Jharkhand Murals in India Culture of Jharkhand Indian folk art
The Joy Division Peel sessions are a series of sessions recorded by English post-punk band Joy Division for John Peel's radio show on BBC Radio 1 between January and November 1979. Releases The Peel Sessions EP (1986) The first EP, The Peel Sessions, was released in 1986 by record label Strange Fruit. It features recordings made for John Peel's show broadcast on 14 February 1979, and was recorded at the BBC Studios in Maida Vale, London, England on 31 January 1979. None of the songs had been released prior to the broadcast. The version of "Transmission" is one of the few recordings available where both Curtis and Sumner play guitar at the same time. The EP spent thirteen weeks on the UK Indie Chart, peaking at number 4. Track listing The Peel Sessions EP (1987) The second EP, also titled The Peel Sessions, was released in 1987 by Strange Fruit. It features the recordings made for John Peel's show broadcast on 10 December 1979, and was recorded at the BBC Studios in Maida Vale, London, England on 26 November 1979. None of the songs had been released prior to the broadcast. The EP spent seventeen weeks on the UK Indie Chart, peaking at number 3. Track listing Peel Sessions compilation (1990) A compilation of both EPs, Peel Sessions, was released in 1990 by Strange Fruit. The US cover does not have the famous "Tube" photo by Anton Corbijn. There is also a French release which has a different cover. Track listing References External links Joy Division live albums Joy Division 1990 live albums 1990 compilation albums Strange Fruit Records compilation albums Strange Fruit Records live albums Albums produced by John Peel Joy Division compilation albums Albums produced by Bob Sargeant
The 2008 Wimbledon Championships are described below in detail, in the form of day-by-day summaries. Day 1 The first day of the competition saw World No. 1 and five-time Wimbledon winner Roger Federer breeze by his opponent to reach the second round, alongside Marcos Baghdatis, Fernando González, Feliciano López, Andreas Seppi, Juan Carlos Ferrero, Novak Djokovic, Stan Wawrinka, Fernando Verdasco and David Ferrer. 2007 Wimbledon quarterfinalist Tomáš Berdych was pushed in a five-setter by ATP No. 78 Evgeny Korolev, but eventually prevailed on the final score of 4–6, 6–1, 6–4, 3–6, 7–5, after three hours of play, while former World No. 1 and 2002 Wimbledon champion Lleyton Hewitt survived a close, three-hours-and-a-half-long five-setter against Robin Haase, winning 6–7(4), 6–3, 6–3, 6–7(1), 6–2. Recent French Open semifinalist Gaël Monfils was forced to withdraw before his first match due to a shoulder injury contracted during his Nottingham Open semifinal against Ivo Karlović. Karlović was himself upset later in the day by qualifier Simon Stadler, while thirty-second seed Michaël Llodra retired against Mario Ančić due to a left arm injury. Canadian wild card Frank Dancevic produced the biggest upset of the day knocking out former finalist David Nalbandian in straight sets, and in a mere ninety-six minutes. In the women's singles, French Open champion and new World No. 1 Ana Ivanovic easily defeated her first round adversary, and was followed in the second round by Nicole Vaidišová, Svetlana Kuznetsova, Agnieszka Radwańska, Ágnes Szávay, Alona Bondarenko, Amélie Mauresmo and 2007 Wimbledon runner-up Marion Bartoli, as well as two-time Wimbledon champion Serena Williams, who was tested against Roland-Garros quarterfinalist Kaia Kanepi, before winning the match on the score of 7–5, 6–3, and sixth seed Anna Chakvetadze, who won her first round encounter 2–6, 6–1, 8–6, saving all four match points her opponent Stéphanie Dubois held against her. Many women seeds fell on the first day, such as Virginie Razzano, who lost to Evgeniya Rodina despite winning the first set with a bagel; Dominika Cibulková, who fell to Zheng Jie; Alizé Cornet, who was defeated by Anastasia Pavlyuchenkova; Maria Kirilenko, who lost to Vera Dushevina; and Patty Schnyder, who was upset by Casey Dellacqua. Seeded players out: Gaël Monfils (withdrawal), Ivo Karlović, Michaël Llodra (retirement), David Nalbandian; Dominika Cibulková, Virginie Razzano, Alizé Cornet, Maria Kirilenko, Patty Schnyder. The men's doubles competition saw no seeds advancing but Australian Open runners-up and Wimbledon defending champions Arnaud Clément & Michaël Llodra were forced to withdraw before their first match, because of Llodra's left arm injury, which had already caused his retirement in the singles earlier in the day. In the women's doubles competition, French Open mixed doubles champion Victoria Azarenka & partner Shahar Pe'er proceeded to the next round. Seeded players out: Michaël Llodra / Arnaud Clément (withdrawal). (Pictures from Day 1) Day 2 In the men's singles, Queen's Club champion, 2006 and 2007 Wimbledon runner-up Rafael Nadal scored his first win, securing a second round spot along with Jarkko Nieminen, Nicolas Kiefer, Tommy Robredo, Richard Gasquet, Paul-Henri Mathieu, Radek Štěpánek, Gilles Simon, Nicolás Almagro, Mikhail Youzhny, James Blake, two-time finalist Andy Roddick, and twelfth seed Andy Murray, who overcame 'The Magician' Fabrice Santoro 6–3, 6–4, 7–6(5), in little more than two hours, while twenty-fifth seed Dmitry Tursunov battled during nearly four hours before claiming a 6–4, 6–7(8), 7–6(7), 3–6, 7–5 win over 2007 Queen's Club finalist Nicolas Mahut. ATP No. 116 Benjamin Becker provided the biggest upset of the tournament thus far with a 6–4, 6–4, 6–4 win over fourth seed Nikolay Davydenko, whose first round exit was the fifth in seven Wimbledon appearances, and Croatian Ivan Ljubičić was upset in a close five-setter by 72nd-ranked, Austrian Jürgen Melzer, on the final score of 6–4, 7–6(7), 4–6, 2–6, 6–3. On the women's side, defending champion Venus Williams proceeded to the next round past British hope Naomi Cavaday, alongside Flavia Pennetta, Caroline Wozniacki, Sania Mirza, Sybille Bammer, Maria Sharapova, Francesca Schiavone, Victoria Azarenka, Vera Zvonareva, Nadia Petrova, Shahar Pe'er, Daniela Hantuchová, Jelena Janković, Roland-Garros runner-up Dinara Safina and 1999 Wimbledon champion Lindsay Davenport, in her first appearance since 2005. Twenty-third seed Katarina Srebotnik was knocked out of the tournament at the end of an almost-four-hours-long thriller, in which she held four match points, before her opponent, WTA No. 102 Julia Görges eventually won on the score of 4–6, 7–6(8), 16–14. Seeded players out: Nikolay Davydenko, Ivan Ljubičić; Katarina Srebotnik. In the men's doubles, South Africans Jeff Coetzee & Wesley Moodie won their first round match, as well as Australian Open champions Jonathan Erlich & Andy Ram, who completed their encounter after it was stopped by bad light on Day 1, on the final score of 5–7, 4–6, 6–3, 6–3, 11–9, and Lukáš Dlouhý & Leander Paes, who after five sets of play eventually claimed a 4–6, 6–0, 6–3, 4–6, 6–3 victory. Polish tenth seeds Mariusz Fyrstenberg & Marcin Matkowski were upset in straight sets by Rohan Bopanna & Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi. In the women's draw, eleventh-seeded 2000 and 2002 Wimbledon doubles champions Serena Williams & Venus Williams advanced past their first round adversaries in less than an hour. Seeded players out: Mariusz Fyrstenberg / Marcin Matkowski. (Pictures from Day 2) Day 3 World No. 1 and defending champion Roger Federer, Stan Wawrinka, Lleyton Hewitt, Feliciano López, Marcos Baghdatis, David Ferrer, Fernando Verdasco and Tomáš Berdych advanced to the next round of the men's top half of the draw, alongside twenty-ninth seed Andreas Seppi, who overcame Frenchman Florent Serra at the end of a close five-setter, on the final score of 6–3, 6–7(4), 6–2, 6–7(5), 6–4. The shock of the day came as former World No. 1, 2000 US Open and 2005 Australian Open champion, and now 75th-ranked Marat Safin took out ATP No. 3, 2007 Wimbledon semifinalist and reigning Australian Open champion Novak Djokovic in straight sets, winning 6–4, 7–6(3), 6–2, after two hours of play. Twenty-first seed Juan Carlos Ferrero also left the tournament, retiring due to a neck injury in the third set of his second round against Halle doubles champion Mischa Zverev, and fifteenth seed and French Open quarterfinalist Fernando González lost a close encounter to Italian Simone Bolelli, on the score of 7–6(8), 7–6(7), 3–6, 7–6(4). In the women's singles, Elena Dementieva won her first round, and Nicole Vaidišová, Svetlana Kuznetsova, Serena Williams, Ágnes Szávay, Anna Chakvetadze, Amélie Mauresmo, Agnieszka Radwańska and 2007 Wimbledon runner-up Marion Bartoli won their second round matches. New World No. 1 and French Open winner Ana Ivanovic was pushed to the limit, as she saved two match points in the three-hours-and-twenty-minutes thriller that opposed her to WTA No. 97 Nathalie Dechy, and of which she came out the victor on the score of 6–7(2) 7–6(3), 10–8. Twenty-eighth seed and Australian Open doubles champion Alona Bondarenko retired against qualifier Barbora Záhlavová-Strýcová due to a right leg injury, and twentieth seed Francesca Schiavone lost in three sets to Anabel Medina Garrigues, despite holding three consecutive match points in the deciding set. Seeded players out: Novak Djokovic, Juan Carlos Ferrero (retirement), Fernando González; Alona Bondarenko (retirement), Francesca Schiavone In the men's doubles, World No. 1 team Bob Bryan & Mike Bryan proceeded to the second round, along with Brazilian pair Marcelo Melo & André Sá, who won their first round encounter in five sets 6–3, 3–6, 4–6, 6–4, 6–1, Jonas Björkman & Kevin Ullyett, František Čermák & Jordan Kerr and Julien Benneteau & Nicolas Mahut. 2007 US Open champions and fifth seeds Simon Aspelin & Julian Knowle were upset in four sets by Kevin Anderson & Robert Lindstedt. World No. 1 team and defending champions Cara Black & Liezel Huber, Iveta Benešová & Janette Husárová, Květa Peschke & Rennae Stubbs, Ai Sugiyama & Katarina Srebotnik, Lisa Raymond & Samantha Stosur, Yan Zi & Zheng Jie and Dinara Safina & Ágnes Szávay were among the teams advancing past the first round of the women's doubles event. Meanwhile, eighth seeds Peng Shuai & Sun Tiantian were upset in three sets by Catalina Castaño & Kaia Kanepi, fourth seeds Chan Yung-jan & Chuang Chia-jung fell to Akgul Amanmuradova & Darya Kustova, and in the last match of the day, fourteenth seeds Alicia Molik & Mara Santangelo lost in three sets to Tatiana Perebiynis & Alicja Rosolska. Seeded players out: Simon Aspelin / Julian Knowle; Peng Shuai / Sun Tiantian, Chan Yung-jan / Chuang Chia-jung, Alicia Molik / Mara Santangelo. (Pictures from Day 3) Day 4 Among the seeds advancing to the third round in the bottom half of the men's draw were Nicolas Kiefer, Andy Murray, Richard Gasquet, Dmitry Tursunov, Paul-Henri Mathieu, Gilles Simon, Mikhail Youzhny, who prevailed at the end of a three-hours-and-a-half-long five-setter against ATP No. 201, qualifier Stefano Galvani, on the score of 4–6, 6–4, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, and Radek Štěpánek, who came back from being down two-sets-to-love to defeat Serbian Viktor Troicki 6–7(1), 6–7(3), 6–3, 6–1, 6–2. Second seed, four-time French Open champion, two-time Wimbledon finalist Rafael Nadal had to battle during three hours against Roland-Garros quarterfinalist Ernests Gulbis, before claiming a 5–7, 6–2, 7–6(2), 6–3 victory, and also proceed to the next round. Meanwhile, twenty-third seed Tommy Robredo fell in straight sets to Tommy Haas, twenty-fourth seed Jarkko Nieminen lost in a close match to Marin Čilić on the score of 6–4, 3–6, 6–3, 6–7(6), 7–5, French Open quarterfinalist Nicolás Almagro was upset 6–3, 3–6, 5–7, 6–1, 6–2 by Guillermo García López, and 2003 Australian Open runner-up, and now 94th-ranked Rainer Schüttler eliminated ninth seed James Blake after a five-set-marathon, 6–3, 6–7(8), 4–6, 6–4, 6–4. Sixth seed Andy Roddick fell before the third round for the first time in eight appearances, as the two-time Wimbledon finalist was knocked out of the tournament by ATP No. 40 Janko Tipsarević, 6–7(5), 7–5, 6–4, 7–6(4). In the women's singles, defending champion Venus Williams advanced to the third round, alongside Caroline Wozniacki, Dinara Safina, Shahar Pe'er, Jelena Janković, Victoria Azarenka, Elena Dementieva and Nadia Petrova. Thirty-second seed Sania Mirza was taken to three sets by WTA No. 101 María José Martínez Sánchez, and eventually lost 6–0, 4–6, 9–7, while thirteenth seed Vera Zvonareva fell to recent 's-Hertogenbosch winner Tamarine Tanasugarn, Austrian Sybille Bammer lost in three sets to Peng Shuai, tenth seed Daniela Hantuchová was upset by Alisa Kleybanova, and twenty-second seed Flavia Pennetta was knocked out by Ai Sugiyama. 1999 Wimbledon champion Lindsay Davenport decided to withdraw from the tournament before her match against Gisela Dulko, due to a knee injury. WTA No. 159, Russian Alla Kudryavtseva produced the biggest upset of the women's field thus far, as she upset compatriot, former World No. 1, 2004 Wimbledon winner, reigning Australian Open champion, and third seed Maria Sharapova in straight sets, on the score of 6–2, 6–4. Seeded players out: Tommy Robredo, James Blake, Jarkko Nieminen, Andy Roddick, Nicolás Almagro; Lindsay Davenport (withdrawal), Sania Mirza, Vera Zvonareva, Maria Sharapova, Sybille Bammer, Daniela Hantuchová, Flavia Pennetta. In the men's doubles, Christopher Kas & Rogier Wassen, Daniel Nestor & Nenad Zimonjić and Max Mirnyi & Jamie Murray advanced to the next round, whereas Czech pair Martin Damm & Pavel Vízner fell, after four sets, to Travis Parrott & Filip Polášek, and fourth seeds Mahesh Bhupathi & Mark Knowles lost to Philipp Petzschner & Alexander Peya. Ninth seeds Lukáš Dlouhý & Leander Paes were among the first teams to reach the third round, along with Christopher Kas & Rogier Wassen, who advanced for the second time in the day, when they received a walkover. On the women's side, French Open champions Anabel Medina Garrigues & Virginia Ruano Pascual cruised to the second round, along with Bethanie Mattek & Sania Mirza, and Serena Williams & Venus Williams were the first pair to advance to the third round. Australian Open champions Alona Bondarenko & Kateryna Bondarenko withdrew from the competition, due to the right leg injury which had already forced Alona Bondarenko to retire in her singles match on the previous day, and twelfth seeds Svetlana Kuznetsova & Amélie Mauresmo also chose to withdraw. Seeded players out: Martin Damm / Pavel Vízner, Mahesh Bhupathi / Mark Knowles; Alona Bondarenko / Kateryna Bondarenko (withdrawal), Svetlana Kuznetsova / Amélie Mauresmo (withdrawal). (Pictures from Day 4) Day 5 Rain interrupted play for about an hour and a half during the early afternoon in what was the first rain delay of the 2008 Championships. World No. 1 and five-time Wimbledon winner Roger Federer cruised to the fourth round of the men's singles, along with Lleyton Hewitt, Feliciano López, 2006 semifinalist and 2007 quarterfinalist Marcos Baghdatis, and thirteenth seed Stan Wawrinka, who was leading two-sets-to-love when his opponent Mischa Zverev retired. Twenty-second seed and Nottingham finalist Fernando Verdasco knocked out eleventh seed and 2007 Wimbledon quarterfinalist Tomáš Berdych, crushing the Czech in the third set to win 6–4, 6–4, 6–0, in little more than an-hour-and-a-half, 2004 Wimbledon semifinalist Mario Ančić edged fifth seed and 's-Hertogenbosch titlist David Ferrer after more than three hours of play, on the final score of 6–4, 6–4, 6–7(5), 7–6(3), and former World No. 1 and now ATP No. 75 Marat Safin continued his run in the tournament, taking out twenty-ninth seed Andreas Seppi in four sets 7–6(5), 3–6, 7–6(3), 6–4. In the women's singles, Nicole Vaidišová, Svetlana Kuznetsova, Anna Chakvetadze, Agnieszka Radwańska and Ágnes Szávay advanced to the fourth round, alongside two-time Wimbledon champion Serena Williams, who defeated 2006 champion Amélie Mauresmo 7–6(5), 6–1. Meanwhile, unseeded American Bethanie Mattek upset defending finalist and eleventh seed Marion Bartoli in straight sets. The shock of the day was produced by 2006 Australian Open and 2006 Wimbledon doubles champion and wild card Zheng Jie, as the WTA No. 133 knocked out of the tournament World No. 1, French Open champion and 2007 Wimbledon semifinalist Ana Ivanovic in straight sets, on the score of 6–1, 6–4. Seeded players out: Tomáš Berdych, David Ferrer, Andreas Seppi; Marion Bartoli, Amélie Mauresmo, Ana Ivanovic. Among the teams advancing to the men's doubles' third round were top-ranked Bob Bryan & Mike Bryan, František Čermák & Jordan Kerr, Marcelo Melo & André Sá, Julien Benneteau & Nicolas Mahut, Jonas Björkman & Kevin Ullyett and Australian Open champions Jonathan Erlich & Andy Ram, who overcame Stephen Huss & Ross Hutchins after five sets 6–7(3), 6–4, 3–6, 6–3, 6–4. In the women's doubles competition, World No. 1 team and defending champions Cara Black & Liezel Huber, Květa Peschke & Rennae Stubbs, Victoria Azarenka & Shahar Pe'er, Lisa Raymond & Samantha Stosur and Dinara Safina & Ágnes Szávay proceeded to the third round, while fifteenth seeds Iveta Benešová & Janette Husárová were taken out in straight sets by Vania King & Alla Kudryavtseva, and second seeds Ai Sugiyama & Katarina Srebotnik lost on the score of 2–6, 6–3, 11–9 to Raquel Kops-Jones & Abigail Spears. Seeded players out: Iveta Benešová / Janette Husárová, Ai Sugiyama / Katarina Srebotnik. (Pictures from Day 5) Day 6 In the men's singles, 2006 and 2007 Wimbledon runner-up Rafael Nadal advanced past German twenty-seventh seed Nicolas Kiefer in straight sets, 2007 Wimbledon semifinalist Richard Gasquet edged compatriot, twenty-eighth-seeded Gilles Simon after four sets and little more than two hours on the score of 6–3, 6–3, 6–7(3), 6–3, and unseeded Serbian Janko Tipsarević matched his 2007 Wimbledon performance, as he qualified for the fourth round in defeating twenty-fifth seed Dmitry Tursunov in straight sets 7–6(1), 7–6(3), 6–3. Twelfth seed Andy Murray lost one set to his opponent, former ATP No. 2 Tommy Haas, but eventually won the match after two-hours-and-a-half of play, on the final score of 6–4, 6–7(4), 6–3, 6–2, nineteen-year-old Croatian Marin Čilić defeated fourteenth seed Paul-Henri Mathieu, and Mikhail Youzhny prevailed at the end of a four-hours-and-fourteen-minutes-long five-setter against Radek Štěpánek, on the score of 7–5, 6–7(5),6–4, 6–7(4), 6–3. On the women's side, Elena Dementieva and Venus Williams advanced to the fourth round, alongside second seed Jelena Janković who fought back from being led one-set-to-love, to defeat thirty-first seed Caroline Wozniacki 2–6, 6–4, 6–2, and twenty-first seed Nadia Petrova, who upset 2007 US Open and 2008 French Open mixed doubles champion and sixteenth seed Victoria Azarenka in straight sets and two tie-breaks 7–6(11), 7–6(4). Australian Open doubles runner-up Shahar Pe'er and French Open singles runner-up Dinara Safina battled during three-hours-and-twenty-five-minutes, with Peer dominating up to the midst of the second set, when the Russian came back, saving one match point, and Safina dominating up to the end of the third set, when Peer came back, breaking her adversary one final time to claim a 7–5, 6–7(4), 8–6 victory. Seeded players out: Dmitry Tursunov, Gilles Simon, Nicolas Kiefer, Paul-Henri Mathieu, Radek Štěpánek; Caroline Wozniacki, Victoria Azarenka, Dinara Safina. Top-ranked Bob Bryan & Mike Bryan came back from a one set deficit to defeat thirteenth seeds František Čermák & Jordan Kerr, and reach the quarterfinals of the men's doubles. Daniel Nestor & Nenad Zimonjić, Max Mirnyi & Jamie Murray advanced to the third round, while South Africans eleventh seeds Jeff Coetzee & Wesley Moodie were upset in straight sets 7–6(2),6–2, 7–6(3), by unseeded Feliciano López & Fernando Verdasco, and fifteenth seeds Christopher Kas & Rogier Wassen lost to Philipp Petzschner & Alexander Peya. 2008 French Open champions and fifth seeds Anabel Medina Garrigues & Virginia Ruano Pascual, thirteenth seeds Bethanie Mattek & Sania Mirza, ninth seeds Yan Zi & Zheng Jie cruised to the third round of the women's doubles, while top-ranked Cara Black & Liezel Huber advanced to the quarterfinals. Almost all seeds in the mixed doubles advanced to the third round, among which Pavel Vízner & Květa Peschke, Simon Aspelin & Lisa Raymond, Mike Bryan & Katarina Srebotnik, Andy Ram & Nathalie Dechy, Daniel Nestor & Chuang Chia-jung, Julian Knowle & Chan Yung-jan and Kevin Ullyett & Ai Sugiyama. Nenad Zimonjić & Sun Tiantian lost in straight sets, however, to Lukáš Dlouhý & Nicole Vaidišová, Mark Knowles & Yan Zi were upset by Scott Lipsky & Casey Dellacqua, Mahesh Bhupathi & Sania Mirza fell to Igor Andreev & Maria Kirilenko, and Leander Paes & Rennae Stubbs were knocked out by Jonas Björkman & Alicia Molik. Seeded players out: František Čermák / Jordan Kerr, Jeff Coetzee / Wesley Moodie, Christopher Kas / Rogier Wassen; Nenad Zimonjić / Sun Tiantian, Mark Knowles / Yan Zi, Mahesh Bhupathi / Sania Mirza, Leander Paes / Rennae Stubbs. (Pictures from Day 6) Middle Sunday Middle Sunday in Wimbledon is traditionally a rest day, without any play, and this was the case in 2008. The seventh day of the competition, consequently, was Monday 30 June. Day 7 Five-time Wimbledon winner, defending champion and World No. 1 Roger Federer advanced to the tournament's quarterfinals for the seventh time in ten participations past former World No. 1 and 2002 Wimbledon titlist Lleyton Hewitt after less than two hours of play, on the score of 7–6(7), 6–2, 6–4, while second seed, 2006 and 2007 finalist Rafael Nadal left no hopes to seventeenth seed Mikhail Youzhny, as he defeated the Russian 6–3, 6–3, 6–1. 2004 Wimbledon semifinalist and ATP No. 43 Mario Ančić was led two-sets-to-love by Nottingham finalist and twenty-second seed Fernando Verdasco, when he started a comeback, winning the third set, and overcoming Verdasco's 4–1 lead to take the fourth, to ultimately win the match, after the two players repeatedly broke each other in the one-hour-and-half-long fifth set, on the final score of 3–6, 4–6, 6–3, 6–4, 13–11, after nearly four hours of play, and set a rematch of the 2006 Wimbledon quarterfinal against Federer. Thirty-first-seeded Feliciano López climbed back from being led two-sets-to-one, and saved three match points, the third one with an ace on his second service, to finally beat tenth seed, 2006 semifinalist and 2007 Wimbledon quarterfinalist Marcos Baghdatis after almost four hours of play, 5–7, 6–2, 3–6, 7–6(4), 8–6. In the first fourth round match involving two unseeded players, ATP No. 94 and 2003 Australian Open runner-up Rainer Schüttler dominated ATP No. 40, victor of Andy Roddick, Serbian Janko Tipsarević 6–3, 3–6, 6–4, 7–6(4), and in the second one, 2001 Australian Open runner-up and 2007 Wimbledon doubles champion, ATP No. 145 Arnaud Clément outplayed nineteen-year-old Croatian, ATP No. 55 Marin Čilić, in straight sets 6–3, 7–5, 6–2. Former World No. 1 Marat Safin eliminated a third consecutive seed in the tournament, as he beat Rome Masters finalist Stan Wawrinka for the first time in three encounters, on the score of 6–4, 6–3, 5–7, 6–1, to match his best result in Wimbledon, a 2001 quarterfinal. Eighth seed, 2007 Wimbledon semifinalist, Frenchman Richard Gasquet entirely dominated his adversary, twelfth seed, British Andy Murray during two sets, and up to the end of the third one, when he served to win the match, before Murray broke the Frenchman back and won the set's tie-break, eventually taking back the control of the encounter, racing through the fourth set and breaking early in the fifth to win, in almost complete darkness, at 21:30 (UTC+1), after four hours of play, on the score of 5–7, 3–6, 7–6(3), 6–2, 6–4, and, reaching his first Grand Slam quarterfinal, complete the round of eight line up. The women's competition saw top seeds continue to fall, as WTA No. 60 and 's-Hertogenbosch titlist Tamarine Tanasugarn knocked out second seed Jelena Janković 6–3, 6–2, in a mere seventy-five minutes, to advance for the first time in her career to the quarterfinals of a Grand Slam event, and Eastbourne titlist and fourteenth seed Agnieszka Radwańska took back the control of her match, after scoring only one game in the second set, to defeat her opponent WTA No. 4 and 2007 Wimbledon quarterfinalist Svetlana Kuznetsova 6–4, 1–6, 7–5. Kuznetsova and Janković's losses, together with the defeats of Ivanovic and Sharapova earlier in the tournament, meant that none of the top four seeds reached the quarterfinals of a Grand Slam for the first time in the Open Era. The 133rd-ranked Zheng Jie also continued her run in the tournament, defeating fifteenth seed Ágnes Szávay 6–3, 6–4, and progressing to become the first women's wild card entry to reach the Wimbledon quarterfinals. Defending champion Venus Williams advanced to her ninth quarterfinals at Wimbledon in twelve appearances, past 42nd-ranked Russian Alisa Kleybanova, and her sister Serena Williams dispatched compatriot WTA No. 69 Bethanie Mattek in straight sets 6–3, 6–3. Eighteenth seed Nicole Vaidišová recovered from the loss of the first set to win the second in a tie-break, and eventually overcome her opponent eighth seed Anna Chakvetadze after two hours of play, on the score of 4–6, 7–6(0), 6–3, Russian twenty-first seed and recent Eastbourne runner-up Nadia Petrova easily defeated compatriot and victor of Maria Sharapova, 154th-ranked Alla Kudryavtseva 6–1, 6–4, in little more than an hour, and Elena Dementieva, the highest seed remaining in the draw, crushed Israeli twenty-fourth seed Shahar Pe'er 6–2, 6–1. Seeded players out: Lleyton Hewitt, Fernando Verdasco, Marcos Baghdatis, Mikhail Youzhny, Stan Wawrinka, Richard Gasquet; Jelena Janković, Ágnes Szávay, Anna Chakvetadze, Svetlana Kuznetsova, Shahar Pe'er. In the men's doubles, ninth seeds Lukáš Dlouhý & Leander Paes proceeded to the quarterfinals, alongside Australian Open champions Jonathan Erlich & Andy Ram, who defeated sixteenth-seeded Frenchmen Julien Benneteau & Nicolas Mahut 4–6, 6–7(4), 7–6(3), 6–3, 6–4, and second seeds Daniel Nestor & Nenad Zimonjić, who beat fourteenth-seeded Max Mirnyi & Jamie Murray in straight sets. Meanwhile, Brazilian twelfth seeds Marcelo Melo & André Sá decided to withdraw from the tournament, giving a walkover to unseeded Kevin Anderson & Robert Lindstedt, and Feliciano López & Fernando Verdasco's withdrawal allowed eight-seeded team Jonas Björkman & Kevin Ullyett to complete the quarterfinals' line up. On the women's side, sixteenth-seeded pair Lisa Raymond & Rennae Stubbs beat third seeds Květa Peschke & Rennae Stubbs to reach the quarterfinals, along with sixth seeds Victoria Azarenka & Shahar Pe'er, who defeated tenth seeds Dinara Safina & Ágnes Szávay, unseeded Ekaterina Makarova & Selima Sfar, who upset ninth-seeded Chinese pair Yan Zi & Zheng Jie, two-time champions Serena Williams & Venus Williams, who knocked out fifth seeds and French Open champions Anabel Medina Garrigues & Virginia Ruano Pascual, and thirteenth seeds Bethanie Mattek & Sania Mirza. In the mixed event, fourteenth seeds Martin Damm & Peng Shuai obtained a walkover to the third round as their unseeded opponents withdrew, while unseeded team of French Open mixed doubles champion Bob Bryan & partner Samantha Stosur dispatched sixteenth seeds Jordan Kerr & Kateryna Bondarenko, unseeded Belarusians Max Mirnyi & Olga Govortsova beat fifteenth seeds Jeff Coetzee & Vladimíra Uhlířová, and defending champion Jamie Murray and partner Liezel Huber also advanced. Czech team Pavel Vízner & Květa Peschke were the first pair to advance to the quarterfinals, as their scheduled third round adversaries thirteenth seeds Simon Aspelin & Lisa Raymond decided to withdraw. Seeded players out: Marcelo Melo / André Sá (withdrawal), Julien Benneteau / Nicolas Mahut, Max Mirnyi / Jamie Murray; Květa Peschke / Rennae Stubbs, Dinara Safina / Ágnes Szávay, Yan Zi / Zheng Jie, Anabel Medina Garrigues / Virginia Ruano Pascual; Jordan Kerr / Kateryna Bondarenko, Jeff Coetzee / Vladimíra Uhlířová, Simon Aspelin / Lisa Raymond (withdrawal). (Pictures from Day 7) Day 8 On 'Ladies Day' in Wimbledon, seventh seed, four-time winner and defending champion Venus Williams easily defeated 's-Hertogenbosch titlist, WTA No. 60 Tamarine Tanasugarn in straight sets 6–4, 6–3 for the seventh time in seven meetings, to advance to the semifinals. Fifth seed Elena Dementieva, the highest seeded player remaining in the draw, survived a comeback by opponent and compatriot, Eastbourne runner-up Nadia Petrova, as the twenty-first seed climbed back from being down one-set-to-love, 1–5, to win the second set in a tie-break, forcing Dementieva to raise her level of play to eventually claim a 6–1, 6–7(6), 6–3 victory, and advance to her first semifinal appearance in Wimbledon, against Venus Williams. Sixth seed, two-time Wimbledon champion Serena Williams needed only fifty-one minutes to dispatch her quarterfinal opponent, fourteenth seed, recent Eastbourne winner, nineteen-year-old Agnieszka Radwańska 6–4, 6–0, and proceed to her fifth Wimbledon semifinal in nine appearances. In the last quarterfinal of the women's event, Chinese wild card, 133rd-ranked Zheng Jie, upset eighteenth seed Nicole Vaidišová after three sets and nearly two hours, on the score of 6–2, 5–7, 6–1, to continue her run in the tournament and reach her first ever Grand Slam semifinal in a singles draw, to meet Serena Williams. Zheng, who had already set a record for the furthest progression by a women's wild card at Wimbledon, also became the first Chinese player to reach the singles' semifinals in a Grand Slam tournament. Seeded players out: Nadia Petrova, Agnieszka Radwańska, Nicole Vaidišová. In the men's doubles event, ninth-seeded Lukáš Dlouhý & Leander Paes knocked out Australian Open champions, Israeli third seeds Jonathan Erlich & Andy Ram 6–3, 6–3, 6–3, to reach the semifinals. They were joined by second seeds Daniel Nestor & Nenad Zimonjić, who needed four sets to beat unseeded Kevin Anderson & Robert Lindstedt 7–6(5), 6–4, 6–7(5), 6–3, top-ranked Bob Bryan & Mike Bryan, who defeated unseeded Marcel Granollers & Santiago Ventura 7–6(3), 6–2, 6–0, and eight seeds Jonas Björkman & Kevin Ullyett who prevailed over unseeded Philipp Petzschner & Alexander Peya after four hours and five sets, on the score of 7–6(5), 4–6, 6–3, 6–7(5), 6–2. Mixed doubles fourth seeds Paul Hanley & Cara Black advanced to the third round, while defending champion Jamie Murray & partner Liezel Huber proceeded past sixth-seeded Julian Knowle & Chan Yung-jan to the quarterfinals of the event, alongside ninth seeds and 2007 French Open champions Andy Ram & Nathalie Dechy, and second seeds Daniel Nestor & Chuang Chia-jung. Seeded players out: Jonathan Erlich / Andy Ram; Julian Knowle / Chan Yung-jan. (Pictures from Day 8) Day 9 For the second time of the competition, rain perturbated the play in Wimbledon, stopping all ongoing matches in the morning, and once more for an hour in the early afternoon, allowing the play to resume only around 16:30 (UTC+1). Five-time Wimbledon winner and defending champion, World No. 1 Roger Federer scored his sixth straight win over ATP No. 43 Mario Ančić since the Croatian won their first encounter in the first round of the 2002 Wimbledon Championships, the last match to date Federer lost at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club, as the Swiss ace defeated his opponent 6–1, 7–5, 6–4, in less than two hours of play, and advanced to his record-setting seventeenth consecutive Grand Slam semifinal. In the second quarterfinal of the day, which decided of Federer's opponent, ATP No. 75, former World No. 1 Marat Safin secured his seventh career semifinal spot in a Grand Slam event, the first since he won the 2005 Australian Open, as the Russian came back from a one set deficit to beat thirty-first seed, Dubai runner-up Feliciano López, on the score of 3–6, 7–5, 7–6(1), 6–3. In the first quarterfinal of the bottom half of the draw, 2006 and 2007 Wimbledon finalist and ATP No. 2 Rafael Nadal completely dominated his opponent, twelfth seed Andy Murray, in less than two hours, defeating the British in straight sets 6–3, 6–2, 6–4. The match between Rainer Schüttler and Arnaud Clément to decide of the last semifinalist, Nadal's opponent, was stopped due to darkness right after Clement evened to score to one-set-all. Seeded players out: Feliciano López, Andy Murray. In the women's doubles competition, sixteenth seeds, 2001 Wimbledon doubles champion Lisa Raymond & partner Samantha Stosur came out the winners of the first of the four quarterfinals matches, defeating unseeded pair Ekaterina Makarova & Selima Sfar 6–4, 6–3. Two-time Wimbledon doubles champions and semifinalists in the ongoing singles event, eleventh-seeded Serena Williams & Venus Williams outplayed thirteenth-seeded duo of American Bethanie Mattek and Indian Sania Mirza on the score of 6–4, 6–3, to secure a spot in the semifinals. The third match of the day saw top-ranked and defending champions Cara Black & Liezel Huber overcome Australian Open runners-up and Wimbledon sixth seeds Victoria Azarenka & Shahar Pe'er 7–5, 7–6(4), to advance to a semifinal against Raymond & Stosur. In an encounter between unseeded teams, Frenchwoman Nathalie Dechy & Australian Casey Dellacqua prevailed over Spanish duo Nuria Llagostera Vives & María José Martínez Sánchez 2–6, 6–7(6), 6–4, to meet the Williams sisters, and complete the semifinals line up. In the mixed doubles event, fifth seeds Kevin Ullyett & Ai Sugiyama proceeded past Jonas Björkman & Alicia Molik to the quarterfinals, along with top seeded Mike Bryan & Katarina Srebotnik, who defeated fourteenth seeds Martin Damm & Peng Shuai 7–6(4), 6–2, and unseeded Bob Bryan & Samantha Stosur, who upset fourth-seeded Paul Hanley & Cara Black. Meanwhile, defending champion Jamie Murray & partner Liezel Huber defeated second seeds Daniel Nestor & Chuang Chia-jung in the first quarterfinals match of the event. Seeded players out: Bethanie Mattek / Sania Mirza, Victoria Azarenka / Shahar Pe'er; Martin Damm / Peng Shuai, Paul Hanley / Cara Black, Daniel Nestor / Chuang Chia-jung. (Pictures from Day 9) Day 10 Rain delayed play again, stopping all matches for a short time in the mid-afternoon, and once more for a longer period in the late afternoon. Play resumed at around 18:00 (UTC+1). The men's last quarterfinal, stopped before the night on Day 9, resumed on the score of 6–3, 5–7, to see ATP No. 94 Rainer Schüttler win the third set's tie-break, ATP No. 145 Arnaud Clément win the fourth's after a rain delay, and the two former Australian Open runners-up battle through the fifth set, with Clement first holding a match point on the German's serve, Schüttler breaking but immediately being broken back, the rain stopping the play at 6–6, 40-all on the Frenchman's serve, and, eventually, Schüttler breaking Clement right after the play resumed and win, on his third match point on the score of 3–6, 7–5, 6–7(6), 7–6(7), 8–6, after five hours and twelve minutes played on two days, and reach his second Grand Slam semifinal, setting up a clash with Rafael Nadal. The match became historically significant as the second longest men's singles match in terms of time played, in Wimbledon history, the longest remaining a 1989 second round match between Greg Holmes and Todd Witsken, which lasted five hours and twenty-eight minutes. The first semifinal of the women's singles saw four-time winner and defending champion, seventh seed Venus Williams dominate her opponent Elena Dementieva during the first set, winning it 6–1 in thirty-eight minutes, before the Russian fifth seed fought back in the second, breaking Williams right after losing her serve to even the score, and holding to a second set tie-break. The American then left no chances to Dementieva, breaking her repeatedly to win the tie-break 7–3, and claim a 6–1, 7–6(3) victory, after nearly two hours of play, to advance to her thirteenth Grand Slam final since the 1997 US Open, her seventh in Wimbledon. The second semifinal between two-time champion, sixth seed Serena Williams and wild card, WTA No. 133 Zheng Jie followed the same pattern as the first, with Williams dominating her opponent in the first set, winning it 6–2, and the Chinese fighting back in the second, taking the match to a tie-break after holding a set point on Williams's serve. Williams, though, kept her edge on Zheng, winning the tie-break 7–5, to claim a 6–2, 7–6(5) victory, and proceed to her eleventh Grand Slam final since the 1999 US Open, the fourth in Wimbledon. Venus and Serena Williams's wins marked the first time since Wimbledon 2003 the two sisters would meet in a Grand Slam final, the seventh time overall, with Serena having won five of their six previous Grand Slam final meetings, including the two played in Wimbledon, in 2002 and 2003. Seeded players out: Elena Dementieva. In the first men's doubles semifinal, which lasted more than three hours, being interrupted several times by rain delays, World No. 1s and 2006 Wimbledon champions Bob Bryan & Mike Bryan battled a close match against eighth-seeded 2002, 2003 and 2004 champion Jonas Björkman & partner Kevin Ullyett, but the top-ranked Americans lost all three tie-breaks played against their adversaries, allowing Bjorkman & Ullyett to win on the score of 7–6(3), 5–7, 7–6(5), 7–6(9). The win meant Bjorkman would reach his fifteenth Grand Slam doubles final since the 1994 French Open, Ullyett would reach his third one since the 2001 US Open, and the pair would reach their first Grand Slam final together. The other semifinal, between ninth seeds Lukáš Dlouhý & Leander Paes and second seeds Daniel Nestor & Nenad Zimonjić was stopped due to darkness as the latter led 7–6(4), 4–6, 6–1, 3–3. The quarterfinals of the mixed doubles event continued, and saw all-Russian, unseeded pair of Igor Andreev & Maria Kirilenko upset all-Czech pair and third seeds Pavel Vízner & Květa Peschke in straight sets 6–3, 6–4, to reach their first Grand Slam semifinal together. In the second quarterfinal of the bottom half of the draw, unseeded team of men's doubles No. 1 Bob Bryan & former women's doubles No. 1 Samantha Stosur defeated ninth seeds and 2007 French Open mixed champions Andy Ram & Nathalie Dechy 6–4, 6–2, to join Jamie Murray & Liezel Huber in the semifinals. Finally, top seeds Mike Bryan & Katarina Srebotnik took three sets to beat their quarterfinal opponents, fifth-seeded Kevin Ullyett, who had just won his men's doubles semifinal, & Ai Sugiyama, Srebotnik's usual partner in women's doubles, on the score of 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, to set up to a clash with Andreev & Kirilenko, and complete the semifinals line up. Seeded players out: Bob Bryan / Mike Bryan; Pavel Vízner / Květa Peschke, Andy Ram / Nathalie Dechy, Kevin Ullyett / Ai Sugiyama. (Pictures from Day 10) Day 11 The first semifinal of the men's singles was the eleventh encounter between World No. 1 and defending champion Roger Federer, and former World No. 1, now 75th-ranked and victor, earlier in the tournament, of ATP No. 3 Novak Djokovic, Russian Marat Safin, whose appearance in the semifinals was the first in a Grand Slam since he won the 2005 Australian Open, where he defeated Federer in the semifinal. The Swiss broke Safin in his first service game, racing through the first set to take it 6–3, before the Russian raised his level of play, and both players went on keeping their serves to a second set tie-break, which Safin eventually lost 3–7, letting Federer take his two-sets-to-love advantage to pressure him, and eventually break in the last game of the third set to claim a 6–3, 7–6(3), 6–4 victory, in less than two hours. The win meant Federer would reach his sixteenth Grand Slam final, and his sixth consecutive one in Wimbledon, already equalling Björn Borg's record of runs at the tournament, from his first win at the 1976 Wimbledon Championships to his lost final, after having won five consecutive ones, to John McEnroe at the 1981 Wimbledon Championships. The second semifinal opposed ATP No. 2, French Open and Queen's Club Championships winner, and defending finalist Rafael Nadal, to unseeded, 2003 Australian Open runner-up Rainer Schüttler, ATP No. 94, who finished his semifinal against Arnaud Clément only on the previous afternoon, after three-hours-and-a-half of play. Nadal raced early to a 4–0 lead, taking the first set 6–1, before Schüttler started to fight back, breaking the Spanish and dominating him through the second set, keeping his serve until 5–4, when serving to even the score to one-set-all, Nadal broke him, eventually winning the set in a tie-break 7–3, and keeping his edge on the German up to the end of the third set to win, in little more than two hours, on the score of 6–1, 7–6(3), 6–4. The win allowed Nadal to advance to his seventh Grand Slam final, his third consecutive one in Wimbledon, and set up his eighteenth meeting against Roger Federer, the sixth in a Grand Slam final. Seeded players out: None. The second men's doubles semifinal, between ninth seeds Lukáš Dlouhý & Leander Paes and second seeds Daniel Nestor & Nenad Zimonjić, and which was stopped by the night on Day 10 as the latter were leading 7–6(4), 4–6, 6–1, 3–3, resumed, to see the Czech Dlouhy and the Indian, 1999 Wimbledon champion Paes break their opponents and win the fourth set, taking the match to a fifth one, in which 2002 Wimbledon doubles runner-up Nestor & 2004 and 2006 runner-up Zimonjic made the difference, ultimately clinching a 7–6(4), 4–6, 6–1, 4–6, 8–6 victory, to face Jonas Björkman & Kevin Ullyett, and try, for Nestor, to finally complete a career Grand Slam and for Zimonjić, to win his first ever Grand Slam title. The semifinals of the women's doubles took place, first confronting 2000 and 2002 champions and eleventh seeds Serena Williams & Venus Williams, to unseeded Frenchwoman Nathalie Dechy & Australian Casey Dellacqua, with the Williams sisters, who lost no set since the beginning of the competition, dominating their opponents throughout the encounter, winning the match 6–3, 6–3, after only an hour of play and advance to their third doubles final in Wimbledon, having won the two first ones. That win also marked the second time since the 2002 Wimbledon Championships Serena and Venus Williams would be facing each other in the singles final, and be present together in the doubles final. The top half of the draw's semifinal took place between top ranked, recent Birmingham and Eastbourne winners and defending champions Cara Black & Liezel Huber, and sixteenth-seeded 2001 doubles champion Lisa Raymond & partner Samantha Stosur, with the latter taking the early advantages in each set, breaking the World No. 1s four times during the encounter and eventually knocking them out of the tournament on the score of 6–3, 6–3, in little more than an hour, to reach their fourth Grand Slam final together, after the 2005 US Open, the 2006 Australian Open and the 2006 French Open. In the first semifinal of the mixed event, top seeds Mike Bryan & Katarina Srebotnik entirely dominated their unseeded opponents Igor Andreev & Maria Kirilenko to win the match on the final score of 6–4, 6–2, after little more than an hour, and proceed to their first Grand Slam final together. The win allowed Mike Bryan to advance to his fourth Grand Slam mixed final, his second in Wimbledon after finishing as the runner-up in 2001, and Srebotnik to advance to her eighth Grand Slam mixed final, her first in Wimbledon. Twelfth-seeded defending champion Jamie Murray & partner, women's doubles No. 1 Liezel Huber made the strongest start of their semifinal against unseeded Bob Bryan & Samantha Stosur quickly taking the first set 6–2 in twenty-one minutes, before Bryan & Stosur started to fight back, taking the second set to a tie-break, easily winning it 7–1, and extending their domination in the third set, eventually taking the match 2–6, 7–6(1), 6–4, to reach their first Grand Slam mixed doubles final together. The final would be Bob Bryan's sixth, the second in Wimbledon, after a 2006 loss, and Stosur's second, after the 2005 Australian Open. The win marked the second time in the year Bob Bryan and Katarina Srebotnik would face each other in a Grand Slam mixed doubles final, having already confronted at the French Open, set up the first ever meeting in a Grand Slam final of Bob and Mike Bryan, and marked the first time, with Stosur's win, a player would be present in both the doubles and the mixed doubles final of Wimbledon since Cara Black in 2004. Seeded players out: Lukáš Dlouhý / Leander Paes; Cara Black / Liezel Huber; Jamie Murray / Liezel Huber. (Pictures from Day 11) Day 12 The final of the women's singles competition started at 14:00 (UTC+1) on the Centre Court of the Wimbledon's All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club. WTA No. 6 and sixth seed, 2002 and 2003 Wimbledon Champion Serena Williams and WTA No. 7 and seventh seed, 2000, 2001, 2005 and 2007 champion Venus Williams met for the third time in a Wimbledon final, and for the seventh time overall in Grand Slam finals, with Serena winning five of the six previous encounters. Serena made the stronger start, breaking her sister in her first service game, and quickly took a 4–2 lead, as Venus struggled with her return. The momentum of the first set then shifted, when Venus started to play more aggressively, breaking Serena to even the score, and breaking her again in the last game to win the set 7–5 after fifty-three minutes. Venus struggled again with her serve in the beginning of the second set, saving a break point in her first service game, She was broken in her second, but broke back to 2–2. Both players then held their serve up to 5–4, when Serena found herself serving to stay in the match at 15–40, saving the first match point, but losing the second on an unforced error to give Venus the break and a 7–5, 6–4 victory after one hour and eleven minutes of play. The win allowed Venus to defend her title and was her fifth Wimbledon title, her seventh Grand Slam title overall. The men's doubles final followed the women's singles' one on Centre Court. The eighth-seeded team of ATP doubles No. 21 and former World No. 1 and three-time Wimbledon doubles champion Jonas Björkman & current ATP doubles No. 14, partner Kevin Ullyett, the oldest pair in the field, both aged thirty-six, met the World No. 2 duo of Daniel Nestor, a Wimbledon 2002 runner-up & Nenad Zimonjić, a finalist at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club in 2004 and 2006. Both teams remained close through the first two sets, with neither pair breaking the other, and each set going to a tie-break, the first won 14–12 by Nestor & Zimonjic, the second 7–3 by Bjorkman & Ullyett. The second seeds proved more efficient in the third set, winning their only break point and holding their advantage to the end to take a two-sets-to-one lead. The fourth set resembled the third, with Nestor & Zimonjic converting their two break points, while their opponents were unable to attack them on their service games. Nestor & Zimonjic won the match 7–6(12), 6–7(3), 6–3, 6–3, after more than two-hours-and-a-half of play, making them the 2008 Wimbledon champions. The victory marked Nestor & Zimonjic's first as a team in a Grand Slam tournament, after finishing as the runners-up of the French Open. It also allowed Nestor to become the twenty-first player in tennis history and the eleventh in the Open Era to complete a career Grand Slam, after winning previously at the 2002 Australian Open, the 2004 US Open and the 2007 French Open. He is also the third male player to complete a career Golden Slam, as Nestor also won the gold medal at the 2000 Olympics. The last final of the day to be played on the Centre Court was the women's doubles'. Eleventh-seeded two-time winning pair of Serena Williams & Venus Williams, who had just won the women's singles crown, met sixteenth-seeded Lisa Raymond, & 2002 champion Samantha Stosur, also in course to play the mixed doubles final in the tournament. The Williams sisters proved to be as dominant through the final as they were during the whole competition, in which they lost no set and knocked out several seeded teams, among them French Open champions Anabel Medina Garrigues & Virginia Ruano Pascual, as Serena & Venus broke twice in each of the sets, saving three break points in the first set, and not facing a single one in the second, to claim the 2008 Wimbledon doubles title after a mere fifty-eight minutes of play, on the score of 6–2, 6–2. The doubles title was Serena & Venus' third in Wimbledon, and the seventh overall together, since the 1999 French Open. The win also marked the third time the sisters won the doubles title of Wimbledon while one of them won the singles title, and the second in which they won the doubles while both of them played the singles final. Seeded players out: Serena Williams; Jonas Björkman / Kevin Ullyett; Lisa Raymond / Samantha Stosur. (Pictures from Day 12) Day 13 The final Sunday, featuring the men's singles final, saw Rafael Nadal win the first Wimbledon title of his career and fifth Grand Slam tournament. No. 1 seed and five-time champion Roger Federer was aiming to equal William Renshaw's record of six consecutive Wimbledon titles (1881–1886), and edge ever closer to Pete Sampras's record of 14 Grand Slam titles, of which Federer had 12. Nadal, the No. 2 seed and four-time French Open champion was Federer's challenger for the third consecutive year, and was aiming to become the first man since Björn Borg to win the French Open and Wimbledon in the same year. Nadal's countryman, Manuel Santana, the last Spaniard to have won the Wimbledon title (in 1966), said Nadal could take inspiration from Spain's victory in the recent European Championships, which Spain had last won in 1964. Rain and lightning delayed the final, scheduled for 14:00, until 14:35 (UTC+1). The final itself was a fragmented affair, with two rain delays removing the possibility of an uninterrupted final. However, the playing time made it the longest final in Wimbledon history, at four hours and 48 minutes. Nadal began well, winning the first set 6–4 in just under an hour, and taking the second by the same scoreline, despite having been down 4–1 at one point. The third set was interrupted by rain delays but the players returned to finish the set with a tie break, which Federer won by seven points to five. The fourth mirrored the third by also going to a tie break, in which Nadal took a 5–2 lead. Nadal was on serve but served a double fault and then was forced by Federer into a hitting a backhand into the net. Later in the tie break, Nadal had two championship points, including one on his serve, which he squandered, with Federer triumphing 10–8, and forcing a final set. The fifth set went only four games before another rain delay; the score was 2–2 (40–40) when they returned. Nadal eventually prevailed, winning the final set 9–7, at 21:16 local time. Nadal celebrated his win by climbing to his family in the crowd, including coach Toni Nadal, and then traversed a roofed area to shake hands with members of Spanish royalty. Pundit and three-time Wimbledon champion John McEnroe lauded it as "the greatest match I have ever seen." With a final score of 6–4 6–4 6–7(5) 6–7(8) 9–7. Seeded players out: Roger Federer. The mixed doubles' final was originally scheduled to be played on Centre Court following the conclusion of the men’s singles final. As the latter was suspended due to rain repeatedly and with the risk of daylight running out, the mixed doubles final was moved to a near empty court 1. The Bryan brothers, Bob and Mike, met each other in the second siblings final of this year's tournament. The unseeded Bob and Samantha Stosur won the match in straight sets, 7–5, 6–4 against the first seeded Mike and Katarina Srebotnik, after one hour and one minute. Seeded players out: Mike Bryan / Katarina Srebotnik. (Pictures from Day 13) References Day-by-day summaries Wimbledon Championships by year – Day-by-day summaries
The Cappella Marciana is the modern name for the choir and instrumentalists of St Mark's Basilica, Venice, Italy. Overview The masters of the cappella ducale in the 16th and 17th centuries included many of the most notable composers of the Italian baroque. In addition to providing music at the Basilica, the choir and instrumentalists of the cappella performed important functions in the Venetian calendar of feasts. Many of the works of the maestri di cappella are preserved in illuminated choir books at the Archivio di Stato di Venezia (ASV), the Biblioteca del Civico Museo Correr and the Biblioteca Nazionale Marciana. History Maestri di cappella The list of maestri, musical directors, and organists includes: Johannes de Quadris (1463-1491) Pietro de Fossis (1491-1527) Adrian Willaert (1527-1563) Cipriano de Rore (1563-1565) Gioseffo Zarlino (1565-1590) Baldassare Donato (1590-1605) Giovanni Croce (1605-1609) Giulio Cesare Martinengo (1609-1613) Claudio Monteverdi (1613-1644) Giovanni Rovetta (1644-1668) Francesco Cavalli (1668-1676) Natale Monferrato (1676-1685) Giovanni Legrenzi (1685-1690) Giovanni Battista Volpe (1690-1692) Gian Domenico Partenio (1692-1702) Antonio Biffi (1702-1736) Antonio Lotti (1736-1740) Antonio Pollarolo (1740-1747) Giacomo Giuseppe Saratelli (1747-1762) Baldassarre Galuppi (1762-1785) Ferdinando Bertoni (1785-1808) Bonaventura Furlanetto (1808-1811) Giovanni Agostino Perotti (1811-1855) Antonio Buzzolla (1855-1871) Nicolò Coccon (1871-1894) Lorenzo Perosi (1894-1898) Pietro Magri (1898-1899) Giulio Bas (1899-1900) Delfino Thermignon (1900-1921) Umberto Ravetta (1921-1926) Matteo Tosi (1926-1938) Gastone De Zuccoli (1938-1939) Luigi Vio (1939-1954) Alfredo Bravi (1954-1981) Roberto Micconi (1981-2000) Marco Gemmani since 2000 First Organists Zucchetto (1316-1336) Francesco da Pesaro (1336-1369) Giandomenico Dattolo (1369-1375) Andrea da San Silvestro (1375-1379) Joannino Tagiapiera (1379-1389) Antonio de' Servi (1389-1397) Filippo (1397-1406) Zuanne (1406-1414) Antonio Romano (1414-1419) Bernardino (1419-1445) Bernardo di Stefano Murer (1445-1459) Bartolomeo di Batista de Vielmis (1459-1504) Zuan Maria di Marino (1504-1507) Dionisio Memmo (1507-1516) Giovanni Armonio (1516-1552) Annibale Padovano (1552-1566) Claudio Merulo (1566-1584) Andrea Gabrieli (1584-1585) Giovanni Gabrieli (1585-1612) Giampaolo Savi (1612-1619) Giovanni Battista Grillo (1619-1621) Francesco Usper (1621-1623) Carlo Filago (1623-1644) Massimiliano Neri (1644-1665) Francesco Cavalli (1665-1668) Giovanni Antonio Gianettini (1668-1669) Pietro Andrea Ziani (1669-1670) Giovanni Battista Volpe (1678-1690) Giacomo Filippo Spada (1690-1706) Antonio Lotti (1706-1736) Giacomo Giuseppe Saratelli (1736) Agostino Bonaventura Coletti (1736-1752) Ferdinando Bertoni (1752-1785) Giovanni Battista Grazioli (1785-1821) Carlo Faggi (1821-1856) Nicolò Coccon (1856-1873) Giuseppe Manfrini (1873-1875) Andrea Girardi (1875-1895) Oreste Ravanello (1895-1904) Giovanni Pittau (1904-1956) Carmelo Pavan (1956-1975) Roberto Micconi (1975-2016) Pierpaolo Turetta (2016-2021) Alvise Mason since 2021 The modern cappella A boys choir was added 1890, disbanded 1960. In 2002, the Solisti della Cappella Marciana were formed as a concert giving orchestra. The current director from 2000 is Marco Gemmani, and organist from 2021 is Alvise Mason. References External links Cappella Marciana website (Italian) Culture in Venice Italian classical music groups Italian choirs Boys' and men's choirs St Mark's Basilica
John McDonnell (born 1943) is an Irish former trade union leader. Born in Mallow, County Cork, McDonnell began working in the local Érin Foods factory. He joined the Irish Transport and General Workers' Union (ITGWU), and in 1974 was elected as secretary of his local branch. He focused on supporting union members in the food processing, local authority and health industries, and gradually came to national prominence. In his spare time, he completed a degree in economic and history with University College Cork. The ITGWU became part of SIPTU in 1990, and McDonnell was appointed as its south west regional officer, the largest region in the union. McDonnell stood to become general secretary of SIPTU in 1997, defeating Brendan Hayes and Carolann Duggan. Along with Hayes, he was considered part of the "mainstream" of the union. The first leader of SIPTU to be elected when not living in Dublin, McDonnell benefited from an 80% turnout among members in his south west region, but also won in some other areas, such as many Dublin branches. As leader, McDonnell prioritised expanding the social partnership programme, believing that the unions could win more concessions, such as a £5 minimum wage and mandatory union recognition. Because SIPTU, at the time, expected leaders to retire when they reached the age of sixty, he committed from the start to serving a single five-year term. In 2001, McDonnell was additionally elected as treasurer of the Irish Congress of Trade Unions (ICTU). After retiring from his union posts in 2003, the ICTU nominated him to serve on the board of Fáilte Ireland, the tourism development agency. References 1943 births Living people Trade unionists from County Cork People from Mallow, County Cork
Hawks are medium-large sized predatory birds. Hawks may also refer to: Hawks (surname) Hawks (film), a film starring Timothy Dalton Hawks (South Africa), an anti-corruption unit of the South African Police Service Hawks, Ohio, a community in the United States The Hawks, a band that became The Band Bill Hawks, a character on Wagon Train, played by Terry Wilson Hawks (band) a band from the Otho/Fort Dodge Iowa area Hawks, the hero name for the character Keigo Takami from the anime series My Hero Academia Sport Atlanta Hawks, an NBA basketball team from Atlanta, Georgia, U.S. Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks, a Japanese baseball team Hanau Hawks, a defunct American football club from Hanau, Germany Hawke's Bay Hawks, a New Zealand basketball team Hawks' Club, a social club for sportsmen of the University of Cambridge Hawks F.C., a 19th-century amateur football club in England Hawks FC, a football club in Gambia Hawthorn Hawks, an Australian Football League team Hunslet Hawks, the former name of an English rugby league team Illawarra Hawks, an Australian basketball team competing in the National Basketball League Järvenpää Hawks, a Finnish ice hockey team Maryland Eastern Shore Hawks, the collegiate athletic program of the University of Maryland Eastern Shore Saint Joseph's Hawks, the collegiate athletic program of Saint Joseph's University in Philadelphia Seattle Seahawks, a National Football League team University of Iowa Hawkeyes, an American collegiate athletics team that participates in multiple sporting events A nickname for the Chicago Blackhawks of the NHL A nickname for the United States national rugby league team A nickname for Whitehawk F.C., a football club in Brighton, England See also Hawk (disambiguation) Hawkes
Zborov may refer to: Zboriv (Зборів, Zborów, Zborov), a city in Ternopil Oblast (Galicia), Ukraine Battle of Zboriv (1649), fought in the vicinity of Zborów (village of Mlynivtsi, Ukraine) at the Strypa River Treaty of Zboriv (1649), signed on August 17, 1649 Battle of Zborov (1917), a small part of the Kerensky Offensive (the last Russian offensive in World War I, taking place in July 1917) Zborov (Šumperk District), a village in Olomouc Region, Czech Republic Zborov, Bardejov, a village in Slovakia Zborov Castle, situated near the village of Zborov in East Slovakia Zborov nad Bystricou, a village in Slovakia See also Zborów (disambiguation)
The École nationale de chimie physique et biologie de Paris (ENCPB), renamed in 2009 "lycée Pierre-Gilles-de-Gennes - ENCPB" after physicist Pierre-Gilles de Gennes died in 2007, is a public secondary and higher school specialising in technical and scientific subjects and preparatory classes to the grandes écoles (CPGE). It is located at 11 rue Pirandello in the 13th arrondissement of Paris. History and courses With a desire to create a public institution for the training of lab technicians at baccalauréat level and higher technicians following the growth in sciences in the post-war period, the stated created the ENCPB in 1953. The school took its first 50 students in 1955 at a site on rue Corvisart in the 13th arrondissement of Paris. The first move for the school was to rue du Banquier in 1958. From 1961 to 1971, the ENCPB joined with a number of technician training institutions, including the Institut d'Arsonval (8, rue Rollin in Paris 5th), the research centre for l'Oréal (Avenue Gabriel Péri at La Courneuve) and a school in Dijon. With the construction from 1970 to 1973 of a new location on rue Pirandello on the former site of the Delahaye automobiles factory (1898–1954), the ENCPB diversified its courses with the creation of classes préparatoires aux grandes écoles in the sections of MP, PC, BCPST and TB. Lycée rankings In 2016, the lycée was ranked 81st out of 110 at départemental level in terms of teaching quality, and 1205th at national level. The ranking is based on three criteria: the bac results, the proportion of students who obtain their baccalauréat after spending their last two years at the establishment, and the added value (calculated based on the social origin of the students, their age, and their national diploma results). CPGE rankings The national rankings for preparatory classes to the grandes écoles (CPGE) are the admission rates for students to the most reputable French grandes écoles. In 2015, the magazine L'Étudiant gave the following rankings for 2014 : In 1984, the ENCPB adopted the reforms to higher education, and offered a national diploma of Brevet de technicien supérieur (BTS), creating sections for: Chemistry Physics Medical biology analysis (formerly BTS biological analysis) Bioanalysis and control (formerly BTS Biochemistry before 2005) Biotechnology Quality in the food and bio-industries Water studies The also offered technological baccalauréats (as they are now known): STL physics STL chemistry STL control regulation STL biochemistry and biological engineering They also offered post-BTS courses from 1984 to 2007, which became "professional licences": Functional genomics Biomedical instrumentation and maintenance Hospital hygiene (training for biohygienists) Double competence in chemistry regulation Organic synthesis Formulation Medical imaging and therapeutic radiology was added to the existing BTS, before in 2012, with health reforms, becoming a diploma at bac+3 The ENCPB have developed partnerships with the École normale supérieure de Cachan and the Université Paris VII allowing students to study at these institutions, but also with a training centre for technical teachers for the Kingdom of Morocco in chemical engineering. The ENCPB actively takes part in European programmes (Erasmus, Comett...). After the death in 2007 of physician Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, Nobel Prize laureate, the ENCPB was renamed "lycée Pierre-Gilles-de-Gennes - ENCPB" after him, and became a general and technological lycée with the development of a general S (SVT and SI) stream parallel to the lab technology stream. Distribution Currently, the ENCPB has 1920 students in four study cycles: 31% in general scientific and technological baccalauréats 20% in preparatory classes for grandes écoles 45% in BTS 4% in post-BTS Filming location During the construction of the new ENCPB building, the filming of Juliette et Juliette (released in 1974) took place on site. This was particularly due to the proximity of two cafés, located face to face on the corner of a block. This configuration exactly met the needs of the film (one of the cafés was turned into a restaurant during the filming). More recently, the entrance to the ENCPB was used for the décor of the film Caché (2005) by Michael Haneke, particularly in the final scene, where the key to understanding the film takes place. In 2010, the school was used for scenes in the telefilm Obsessions by Frédéric Tellier where the laboratories stand in for "Laboratoire de la police scientifique". Alumni Didier Baichère Access The ENCPB is served by the Metro lines 5 at the station Campo-Formio and 7 at the station Les Gobelins, as well as the Bus (RATP) lines: stop Banquier stop Jenner - Jeanne d'Arc stop Saint-Marcel - Jeanne d'Arc Notes and references External links Lycées in Paris 13th arrondissement of Paris
Straight Up is a 2019 independent film written, produced and directed by James Sweeney. Sweeney stars in the film with Katie Findlay, Dana Drori, James Scully, Tracie Thoms, Betsy Brandt and Randall Park. The film premiered at the Outfest on July 23, 2019. The film was released in a limited release by Strand Releasing on February 28, 2020. Plot Todd, a twenty-something man from Los Angeles with OCD, has difficulty in his romantic relationships as he has a strong aversion to bodily fluids. He likes the men he dates, but aside from an attempt at oral sex, he has never had penetrative sex with them. Eventually he decides to try dating women, and attempts to hook up with a girl after getting drunk with her but freaks out when her hymen breaks. His psychoanalyst wonders if this exploration of sexuality is a good idea, but Todd fears being alone and resolves to continue trying. He soon meets Rory, a struggling actress who has trouble emotionally connecting with others, in the self-help section of a library. They immediately take a liking to each other, as they both have the same eccentric sense of humor. They later spend hours talking and connecting with each other. Rory quickly moves in with Todd and joins him on his various house-sitting jobs. Todd's friends oppose his relationship with Rory as they view it as a manifestation of Todd's internalized homophobia, and frequently undermine the validity of their relationship. Rory agrees to pursue a romantic relationship with him—though sex is off the table. After Todd introduces Rory to his parents, he worries that they might like him more because he's now dating a woman. At an awkward Christmas party with Todd's friends where they play truth or dare, Rory walks in on Todd in a compromising position with his gay friend and leaves. Rory becomes increasingly unhappy with her life in LA, and decides to move to Seattle. During their break up conversation, Rory says she may want kids (they had previously agreed neither wanted children) and Todd goes into a panic attack. Some time later Rory has an established office job in Seattle, but still has problems connecting with her coworkers. Todd refuses to date anyone since Rory left. One of Rory's coworkers takes an interest in her, but she realizes they are too different. She calls Todd but hangs up before he can pick up. When she leaves work at the end of the day she finds Todd waiting for her. In an attempt at a grand romantic gesture, Todd proposes, but Rory declines. Todd makes an impassioned plea to her, tells her he loves her, and does not want to be with anyone else. The movie ends with Todd and Rory playing a board game together. As they talk another man sits down between them, and the intimacy among the three leaves the ending open to audience interpretation. Cast Katie Findlay as Rory James Sweeney as Todd, Topanga and Wallace's son Dana Drori as Meg James Scully as Ryder Tracie Thoms as Dr. Larson Betsy Brandt as Topanga, Todd's mother and Wallace's wife Randall Park as Wallace, Todd's father and Topanga's husband Production Development Straight Up was partly funded through a crowdfunding campaign on Seed&Spark which raised $23,340 for production. Sweeney based the film on his proof of concept short Normal Doors which was created for Fox Digital Studios. In an interview with The Desert Sun, Sweeney said:If you think it’s not a love story, maybe the film should challenge what the idea of love is. Even the idea of romantic love, because there’s more than one type of love, but specifically the idea of romantic love is a relatively modern concept and especially the western notion of what that love is, is part of what inspired the concept of the film. [...] Here are these two people, Todd and Rory, who click each other’s boxes in so many ways except for this big box known as sex. Can you not love somebody because you don’t have sex with them? I’m not trying to answer that question for all people or make a statement of what love is, because that’s not for me to say. Everybody has their own relationship with love. Filming Principal photography took place over 18 days in 20 different locations with two additional days of pick up. The film was shot in a 4:3 aspect ratio. On the aspect ratio, Sweeney said "in a lot of ways Todd and Rory are living in a box, and you could argue that some of their relationship is taken out of a 1930s Hays Code–era movie plot, which is when that ratio was standard. They conform to the modern ideal but don’t fit, and feel boxed in by that. Thematically that’s where it lands, but it also lends itself aesthetically to a lot of the composition and symmetry we were trying to showcase". Release The film had its world premiere at the 2019 Outfest on July 23, 2019. It was also show at the NewFest on October 26, 2019. In August 2019, Strand Releasing acquired U.S distribution rights. The film was released in a limited release on February 28, 2020. The film was also released in the United Kingdom in March 2020. In April and May 2020, due to the closure of cinemas during the COVID-19 pandemic, Strand Releasing partnered with various arthouse exhibitors to screen the film in virtual cinemas. Reception On Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of based on reviews, with an average of . The website's critical consensus reads, "Well-acted and sharply written, Straight Up serves as an effervescent calling card for writer/director/star James Sweeney." On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 66 out of 100, based on 12 critics, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Straight Up was the Breakthrough Centerpiece at the 2019 Outfest and won the Grand Jury Award at the 2019 San Diego Asian Film Festival. David Lewis, for the San Francisco Chronicle, highlighted Sweeney's directorial debut as "impressive" and wrote that "on the surface, Sweeney’s film is a playful examination of sexual fluidity, but underneath the gags, it’s really a universal, sweet movie about the modern complexities of finding a soulmate. It’s also a nice example of how independent films can breathe fresh air into genres like the romantic comedy". Keith Uhlich of The Hollywood Reporter wrote: "Both Sweeney and Findlay are more than up to the task of playing arrested millennials dancing around their problems, forever walking a fine line between charm and aggravation. And Sweeney as filmmaker effectively goes the Wes Anderson route of letting emotion bust through all the aesthetic archness at key moments. [...] We often make our own psychological prisons, and Straight Up is a droll embodiment of its protagonist's (and perhaps its maker's?) inner turmoil. Todd's sexual proclivities aren't fully on one side or the other of the Kinsey scale. Maybe he has none at all (that's fine, too!)". Carlos Aguilar, for TheWrap, wrote: "Lack of intimacy, both physical and emotional, is at the heart of Todd’s current crisis. Unfulfilled with same-sex romance, he wonders whether a foray into straight dating could unblock the door to self-discovery and prevent him from spending the rest of his days alone (as he exaggeratedly puts it). [...] True to the unlabeled happiness Todd is after, 'Straight Up' doesn't conclude by assigning a new concrete definition of what these sexless sweethearts understand as being in love, regardless of the mechanics of their commitment. Sweeney's movie lets it flow with all its moving parts and uncertain specificities, focusing only on their spiritually solid bond". Owen Gleiberman, for Variety, wrote that the film "is really about a generation of people who have discovered a new way to connect through their detachment. A little of this can go a long way (the film is sometimes a bit airless), but James Sweeney is a filmmaker with the rare ability to toss antically inspired dialogue right off the edge of his brain. 'Straight Up' is the work of a startling talent". Black Girl Nerds gave the film a 4.5/5 rating and Donnie Lopez wrote: "In Straight Up, the two characters fall for one another’s intellect. [...] But just like any rom-com, no good thing can last without there being some kind of complications to their unique coupling. This struggle is brought on by a modern understanding of a relationship—one that is not often covered in people’s everyday lives. This film gives way to the underappreciated and overlooked forms of sexuality. [...] Too often the narratives that circle gay and queer stories are about physical mating, yet queer people are more complex than that. This film explores a different kind of gay narrative, one that opens discussion up to a different perspective. [...] The film Straight Up gives you a sense of love from a different perspective. No jabs, no punches, just a real-life interpretation of what two people in love with each other's mind would look like—just a lot of heart". References External links Campaign on Seed&Spark 2019 films American independent films 2019 independent films 2019 LGBT-related films Bisexuality-related films LGBT-related comedy films Films about obsessive–compulsive disorder 2010s English-language films 2010s American films
The International Network of Women's Funds (INWF) is a membership organisation bringing together women's funds from around the world, in order to promote "philanthropy with a feminist perspective". INWF was founded in 2000 with nine members, including the oldest international women's funds Mama Cash and the Global Fund for Women, and in 2014, had 42 members globally. From 2010, the Executive Director has been Emilienne de León (also known as Emilienne de León Aulina). History In 1999, the Global Fund for Women and Mama Cash brought together six women's funds from around the world for a brainstorming session. In 2000, the first meeting of INWF was held, with nine members. According to Shirley Waters, founder and chair of the Women's Hope and Education and Training Trust, "these international women's funds provide[d] an easily identifiable way to support the work of women's groups in other countries." Similarly, while discussing women's funds and the history of the INWF in 2013, Musimbi Kanyoro (CEO of the Global Fund for Women) said, "Organized philanthropy can make a difference if the funding is targeted towards addressing the root causes of women’s vulnerability." References External links Official International Network of Women’s Funds website International women's organizations Philanthropic organizations Women's rights organizations Women's organizations based in Mexico Charities based in Mexico
Scott Endecott Perry (born March 11, 1954) is a former American football defensive back in the National Football League (NFL). He played professionally for the Cincinnati Bengals. Biography Perry was born in Pleasanton, California and played prep football at Kent School in Kent, Connecticut. He played college football at Williams College. Perry was drafted by the Cincinnati Bengals in the 5th round (147th overall) of the 1976 NFL Draft. He played four seasons with the Cincinnati Bengals, where he caught four interceptions and returned two for touchdowns. After leaving the NFL, Perry became a first grade teacher at Point Fermin Elementary School in the Los Angeles Unified School District. References External links 1954 births Living people American football defensive backs Cincinnati Bengals players San Diego Chargers players San Francisco 49ers players Williams Ephs football players Kent School alumni Sportspeople from Pleasanton, California Players of American football from Alameda County, California
The Shompen or Shom Pen are the indigenous people of the interior of Great Nicobar Island, part of the Indian union territory of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The Shompen are a designated as a Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Group within the list of Scheduled Tribe. Etymology and endonym "Shompen" is possibly an English mispronunciation of "Shamhap", the Nicobarese name for the tribe. The Shompens living on the western side of the island call themselves Kalay, and those on the eastern side Keyet, with both groups referring to each other as Buavela. A suggestion from 1886 that the Shompen call themselves Shab Daw'a has not been confirmed by modern research. History of contact Before the first outside contact with the Shompen in the 1840s, there is no reliable information about these peoples. Danish Admiral Steen Bille was the first to contact them in 1846 and Frederik Adolph de Roepstorff, a British officer who had already published works on the languages of Nicobar and Andaman, collected ethnographic and linguistic data in 1876. Since then very little has been added to the stock of reliable information on the Shompen, mainly because access to the Nicobar Islands has been restricted for foreign researchers since Indian independence. A polling station was set up in their area for election of 2014. Shompen people for the first time participated in the democratic process. Society In 2001, the population was estimated at approximately 300. Shompen Village-A and Shompen Village-B are home to most Shompens. Before the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, the villages were home to 103 and 106 Shompens respectively. However, by the time of 2011 census, only 10 and 44 people were left in these villages respectively. They practice a hunter-gatherer subsistence economy. In keeping with the tropical climate of the islands, traditional attire includes only clothing below the waist. The traditional attire for men is a short, thin loincloth made of bark cloth, covering only the genitals without a 'tail' of cloth in front. Decoration is limited for men, consisting of bead necklaces and armbands. Women wear a knee-length skirt of bark cloth, occasionally with a shawl of bark cloth covering the shoulders. Decorations include bamboo ear plugs (ahav), bead necklaces (naigaak) and armbands of bamboo (geegap). Both sexes are barefoot. The Shompen probably learned to make and use bows from the Nicobaris. The main weapons are the bow and arrow. They do not use quivers but carry arrows by hand. Numerous types of spears, spear throwers, fire drills and a hatchet are the main tools. A man usually carried a bow and arrows, a spear and through his loincloth belt, a hatchet, knife and fire drill. The Shompen are a hunter-gatherer subsistence people, hunting wild game such as pigs, birds and small animals while foraging for fruits and forest foods. They also keep pigs and farm yams, roots, vegetables, and tobacco. Shompen huts are built to house 4 people, and villages are made up of 4 to 5 families. Once a child is grown enough, he makes his own hut. The lowland Shompen build their huts on stilts and the walls are made of woven material on a wood frame and the roof of thatched palm fronds, and the structure is raised on stilts. The highland Shompen build their houses on the ground, and the houses are made of the same materials as the raised houses. The interior is covered with mats, with sleeping mats on one end and tools and utensils hung on the walls and rafters. Cooking is done outside. In the late 1980s, the Shompens were living in ten groups, ranging in size from 2 to 22 individuals, scattered across the interior of the island. Because of their isolated way of life in the interior of the island, the Shompens were largely protected from the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami that devastated the coastal regions inhabited by Nicobaris and the Indian population. Language The Shompen languages, of which there are at least two, are very little known, but appear to be unrelated to Nicobarese, an isolated group of Austroasiatic languages, and perhaps even to each other. They may constitute a language isolate. Paul Sidwell (2017) classifies Shompen as a Southern Nicobaric language, rather than a separate branch of Austroasiatic. Threat and Concern Due to proposed Great Nicobar Development Plan, hectares of land on Great Nicobar Island will be reclaimed and may impact 1,700 Shompens. Also this project will increase non-local population on the island which will affect the ethnicity of Shompens. See also Nicobar Islands References External links Indigenous peoples of South Asia Ethnic groups in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Scheduled Tribes of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands Scheduled Tribes of India Nicobar district
Cork East or East Cork may refer to one of two parliamentary constituencies in County Cork, Ireland: Cork East (Dáil constituency) (1981–) East Cork (UK Parliament constituency) (1885–1922) See also East Cork
```java /* * contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with * this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership. * * path_to_url * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. / package org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.executor.sql.execute.engine.raw; import lombok.Getter; import lombok.RequiredArgsConstructor; import lombok.Setter; import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.executor.sql.execute.engine.ConnectionMode; import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.executor.sql.context.ExecutionUnit; import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.executor.sql.execute.engine.SQLExecutionUnit; /* * Raw SQL execution unit. */ @RequiredArgsConstructor @Getter public final class RawSQLExecutionUnit implements SQLExecutionUnit { private final ExecutionUnit executionUnit; private final ConnectionMode connectionMode; @Setter private RawSQLRuntimeContext rawSQLRuntimeContext; } ```
Ormolu (; from French or moulu, "ground/pounded gold") is the gilding technique of applying finely ground, high-carat gold–mercury amalgam to an object of bronze, and for objects finished in this way. The mercury is driven off in a kiln leaving behind a gold coating. The French refer to this technique as "bronze doré"; in English, it is known as "gilt bronze". Around 1830, legislation in France had outlawed the use of mercury for health reasons, though use continued to the 1900s. Craftsmen principally used ormolu for the decorative mountings of furniture, clocks, lighting devices, and porcelain. Process The manufacture of true ormolu employs a process known as mercury-gilding or fire-gilding, in which a solution of mercuric nitrate is applied to a piece of copper, brass, or bronze; followed by the application of an amalgam of gold and mercury. The item is then exposed to extreme heat until the mercury vaporizes and the gold remains, adhering to the metal object. This process has generally been supplanted by the electroplating of gold over a nickel substrate, which is more economical and less dangerous. Health risk In literature there is a 1612 reference from John Webster: After around 1830, legislation in France had outlawed the use of mercury, although it continued to be commonly employed until around 1900 and was still in use around 1960 in very few workshops. Other gilding techniques, like electroplating from the mid-19th century on, were utilized. Ormolu techniques are essentially the same as those used on silver, to produce silver-gilt (also known as vermeil). Alternatives A later substitute of a mixture of metals resembling ormolu was developed in France and called pomponne, though the mix of copper and zinc, sometimes with an addition of tin, is technically a type of brass. From the 19th century the term has been popularized to refer to gilt metal or imitation gold. Gilt-bronze is found from antiquity onwards across Eurasia, and especially in Chinese art, where it was always more common than silver-gilt, the opposite of Europe. Applications Craftsmen principally used ormolu for the decorative mountings of furniture, clocks, lighting devices, and porcelain. The great French furniture designers and cabinetmakers, or ébénistes, of the 18th and 19th centuries made maximum use of the exquisite gilt-bronze mounts produced by fondeurs-ciseleurs (founders and finishers) such as the renowned Jacques Caffieri (1678–1755), whose finished gilt-bronze pieces were almost as fine as jewelers' work. Ormolu mountings attained their highest artistic and technical development in France. Similarly fine results could be achieved for lighting devices, such as chandeliers and candelabras, as well as for the ornamental metal mounts applied to clock cases and to ceramic pieces. In the hands of the Parisian marchands-merciers, the precursors of decorators, ormolu or gilt-bronze sculptures were used for bright, non-oxidizing fireplace accessories or for Rococo or Neoclassical mantel-clocks or wall-mounted clock-cases – a specialty of Charles Cressent (1685–1768) – complemented by rock-crystal drops on gilt-bronze chandeliers and wall-lights. The bronze mounts were cast by lost wax casting, and then chiseled and chased to add detail. Rococo gilt bronze tends to be finely cast, lightly chiseled, and part-burnished. Neoclassical gilt-bronze is often entirely chiseled and chased with extraordinary skill and delicacy to create finely varied surfaces. The ormolu technique was extensively used in the French Empire mantel clocks, reaching its peak during this period. Chinese and European porcelains mounted in gilt-bronze were luxury wares that heightened the impact of often-costly and ornamental ceramic pieces sometimes used for display. Chinese ceramics with gilt-bronze mounts were produced under the guidance of the Parisian marchands-merciers, for only they had access to the ceramics (often purchased in the Netherlands) and the ability to overleap the guild restrictions. A few surviving pieces of 16th-century Chinese porcelain subsequently mounted in contemporary European silver-gilt, or vermeil, show where the foundations of the later fashion lay. From the late 1760s, Matthew Boulton (1728–1809) of Birmingham produced English ormolu vases and perfume-burners in the latest Neoclassical style. Though the venture never became a financial success, it produced the finest English ormolu. In the early 19th century fine English ormolu came from the workshops of Benjamin Lewis Vulliamy (1780–1854). In France, the tradition of neoclassic ormolu to Pierre-Philippe Thomire (1751–1843) was continued by Lucien-François Feuchère. Beurdeley & Cie. produced excellent ormolu in Rococo and Neoclassical styles in Paris, and rococo gilt-bronze is characteristic of the furniture of François Linke. Gallery See also Gold plating References and sources References Sources Swantje Koehler: Ormolu Dollhouse Accessories. Swantje-Köhler-Verlag, Bonn 2007. . External links National Pollutant Inventory – Copper and compounds fact sheet Kevin Brown, Artist and Patrons: Court Art and Revolution in Brussels at the end of the Ancien Regime, Dutch Crossing, Taylor and Francis ( 2017) Gilding Artistic techniques Gold Metal plating Artworks in metal Copper alloys Porcelain de:Feuervergoldung fr:Dorure#Dorure au mercure
Valgma is a village in Tartu Parish, Tartu County in Estonia. References Villages in Tartu County
The General Electric GAU-13/A is a 30 mm electric Gatling-type rotary cannon derived from the GAU-8 Avenger cannon. Description The GAU-13 was developed in the late 1970s for use in gun pod applications for fighter aircraft and attack aircraft use, primarily for air-to-ground and anti-tank attacks. The GAU-13/A is a four-barreled rotary cannon based on the mechanism of the larger GAU-8, sharing the same massive 30 mm ammunition. Like the Avenger, it has a double-ended feed system with reverse clearing to remove unfired rounds. Unlike the GAU-8, however, it is pneumatically driven, giving it a rate of fire of 2,400 rounds per minute. Minimum time between stoppages is estimated at 32,000 rounds, making it a very reliable weapon. The GAU-13/A uses the same range of PGU-13 High Explosive Incendiary (HEI) and PGU-14 Armor-Piercing Incendiary (API) rounds (which contain a depleted uranium penetrator) as the Avenger. Despite its somewhat lower rate of fire compared to the seven-barreled Avenger, it is an immensely powerful weapon. The principal application for the GAU-13/A was the GPU-5/A gun pod (originally marketed as the GEPOD 30). The pod is long and can be mounted on any standard NATO suspension lugs. It holds 353 rounds of ammunition, enough for approximately nine seconds of continuous fire. The GPU-5/A weight is empty and fully loaded. The pod is completely self-contained. The GPU-5/A was intended for carriage on a wide range of U.S. tactical aircraft, including the F-15 Eagle and F-16 Fighting Falcon. In the mid-1980s the USAF considered a specialized variant of the F-16 for the close air support (CAS) mission, using the GPU-5, as a substitute to or adjunct for the A-10 Thunderbolt II. The GPU-5 pod, however, proved unsatisfactory in service. It was briefly tried on some Air National Guard F-16 Fighting Falcons during the 1991 Gulf War, but was removed from service after barely a day of combat use because of its very poor accuracy. Despite the cannon's impressive ballistic characteristics, the pylon mounting was not sufficiently rigid to prevent deflection, and the weapon's heavy recoil exacerbated the problem by causing pylon misalignment. Further, the GPU-5 was not integrated into the F-16's sighting system. The GPU-5 is no longer in U.S. service, although some Thai F-5E Tiger II aircraft still carry the weapon; it was also tested on the F-20 Tigershark. In mid/late 1995, the U.S. Marine Corps conducted a trial of the GPU-5 on the LCAC-66, as a potential weapon to provide suppressive fire for landing forces. The pod was mounted on a standard MAU-12 bomb rack, itself mounted in a standard cargo container. It was believed that four such containers could then be carried on the LCAC. The resulting combination was referenced as the Gun Platform Air Cushion (GPAC). By 1997, the Marines had reportedly acquired the USAF's entire stock of GAU-13/A cannons and GPU-5 pods as surplus. Besides the GPAC, the GAU-13/A was also touted as possible armament on ships and ground vehicles such as the LAV-25. Citations General and cited sources f-16.net Friedman, Norman (1997). The Naval Institute Guide to World Naval Weapon Systems. Naval Institute Press. . Polmar, Norman (2004). The Naval Institute Guide to the Ships and Aircraft of the U.S. Fleet. Naval Institute Press. . 30 mm artillery Aircraft guns Military equipment introduced in the 1970s Rotary cannon
Damon Baehrel (born in Massapequa, Long Island), is a New York–based restaurateur. He is the owner of the restaurant that carries his name, Damon Baehrel, located in the hamlet of Earlton in Coxsackie, New York. Baehrel acts as the chef, the waiter, the grower, the forager, the gardener, the cheesemaker, the cured-meat maker. Restaurant The restaurant is located in the basement of Damon and his wife's, Elizabeth Baehrel, home in the hamlet of Earlton in Coxsackie, New York. Originally it was known as Damon Baehrel at The Basement Bistro, which was established in 1989 initially providing catering services. The restaurant purports to acquire all its ingredients, such as pine flour, acorn oil and vinegars directly from the 12-acre property except salt and seafood, and meats are sourced from a neighboring organic livestock farm. The 16-seat restaurant as of February 2014 has a waiting list, in some reports, of 5 to 10 years. Criticisms An August 2016 article in The New Yorker questioned many aspects of the restaurant's story, including whether the waiting list could actually be a decade or more long, and whether Baehrel is self-taught as a cook. Awards Baehrel was nominated for the James Beard Foundation Award for "Best Chef Northeast", in 2013. References External links American restaurateurs Businesspeople from New York (state) 1962 births Organic farming in the United States Living people People from Massapequa, New York
Baranagar is a city in West Bengal, India, formerly called Barahanagore. Baranagar may also refer to: Places Baranagar, is a city of the Indian state of West Bengal, established in 1869 Bulandshahr, India, earlier known as Baranagar Baranagar Municipality, a municipality (civic administration body) of city Baranagar, established in 1869 Baranagar, Murshidabad, a temple village in West Bengal, India Constituencies Baranagar (Vidhan Sabha constituency) Schools Baranagore Ramakrishna Mission Ashrama High School, a senior secondary boys' school Transport Baranagar Road railway station, a railway station Baranagar metro station, a metro railway station Other uses Baranagar Math, first monastery of Ramakrishna Order See also Disambiguation pages
Xeropsamobeus asellus is a species of aphodiine dung beetle in the family Scarabaeidae. It is found in the United States and Mexico, although other sources consider it endemic to Texas. References Further reading External links Scarabaeidae Beetles of North America Beetles described in 1907
Dunstan is a saint and 10th-century Archbishop of Canterbury. Name Dunstan (surname) Places Dunstan (New Zealand electorate) Lake Dunstan in New Zealand Dunstan, Northumberland, England, a small hamlet in north Northumberland, close to the village of Craster Dunstan, Maine, United States Clyde, New Zealand, formerly "Dunstan" Plants Dunstan Chestnut (cultivar) Fiction Dunstan Cass, a greedy villain in the novel Silas Marner. Dunstan, a historical novel about the 10th-century saint by British author Conn Iggulden. Organizations St Dunstan's, a British charity for blind ex-service personnel Educational institutions Saint Dunstan's University on Prince Edward Island St Dunstan's College in London Dunstan High School in Alexandra, New Zealand Churches UK - London St Dunstan's, Stepney St Dunstan-in-the-East St Dunstan-in-the-West UK - other locations Church of St Dunstan, Liverpool St. Dunstan's, Canterbury St Dunstan's, Mayfield Canada St. Dunstan's Basilica USA St. Dunstan's Church of the Highlands Parish, Shoreline, Washington See also Dunstanburgh Castle Dunston (disambiguation)
John G. Page III (January 18, 1950 – December 14, 2020) was an American politician who served in the Alabama House of Representatives from the 29th district from 1993 to 2010. Biography Page was born in Kokura, Kyushu, Japan. He received his associate degree from Gadsden State Community College and his bachelor's degree from Jacksonville State University. He served in the United States Marine Corps during the Vietnam War. Page was a teacher, firefighter, and businessman. Page served on the Gadsden City Council. Page had surgery in June 2020, which compromised his health. He died of COVID-19 in Gadsden, Alabama, on December 14, 2020, at age 70, during the COVID-19 pandemic in Alabama. References 1950 births 2020 deaths People from Gadsden, Alabama People in Kyushu Military personnel from Alabama Jacksonville State University alumni 20th-century American firefighters Businesspeople from Alabama Alabama city council members Democratic Party members of the Alabama House of Representatives Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Alabama United States Marine Corps personnel of the Vietnam War
Canoeing competitions at the 2022 South American Games in Asuncion, Paraguay were held between October 11 and 14, 2022 at the Bahía de Asunción – Club Mbiguá and Canal de Piracema. Schedule The competition schedule is as follows: Medal summary Medal table Medalists Slalom Men Women Sprint Men Women Participation Ten nations participated in canoeing events of the 2022 South American Games. References Canoeing South American Games 2022
The DFW B.I (factory designation MD 14), was one of the earliest German aircraft to see service during World War I, and one of the numerous "B-class" unarmed, two-seat observation biplanes of the German military in 1914, but with a distinctive appearance that differentiated it from contemporaries. Though a biplane, its crescent-planform three-bay wings were inspired by that of the earlier Rumpler Taube monoplane, and led to the DFW aircraft being named the Fliegende Banane ("Flying Banana") by its pilots. The B.II was similar but was built as a trainer. Some were fitted with the more powerful Mercedes D.II engine. Specifications (DFW B.I) See also References Bibliography 1910s German military reconnaissance aircraft B.I Biplanes Single-engined tractor aircraft Aircraft first flown in 1914

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