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Thomas Barnes Cochrane, 11th Earl of Dundonald (14 April 1814 – 15 January 1885) was a Scottish nobleman. He was son of the radical politician and sailor Thomas Cochrane, 10th Earl of Dundonald. As a child he accompanied his father to Chile as a stowaway on the Chilean frigate O'Higgins (1816). In February 1819 the O'Higgins attempted to raid the city of Callao, but was repelled by the coastal fortresses. Thomas Cochrane 11th was almost hit by a cannonball, which instead killed a sailor next to him.
Cochrane joined the British Army and eventually gained the rank of Captain. On 31 October 1860, he succeeded his father as the 11th Earl of Dundonald. Between 1879 and 1885, he was a Representative Peer of Scotland.
Thomas's eldest son, Douglas Cochrane learnt of his father's death when he was serving at the Desert March and the Relief of Khartoum.
Marriage and children
Cochrane married, at the British Embassy in Paris on 1 December 1847, Louisa Harriet MacKinnon, daughter of William Alexander Mackinnon, MP, of Mackinnon. The Dowager Countess of Dundonald (as she was known after her husband's death) died 24 February 1902 in her 83rd year. They had seven children:
Lady Louisa Katherine Emma Cochrane, married Edward O'Neill, 2nd Baron O'Neill, died 10 August 1942 (grandmother of Terence O'Neill, Prime Minister of Northern Ireland).
Lady Alice Laura Sophia Cochrane, married George Onslow Newton, died 8 December 1914.
Lady Elizabeth Mary Harriet Cochrane, unmarried, died 30 March 1951.
Lady Esther Rose Georgina Cochrane.
Hon. Thomas Alexander Cochrane, born 10 April 1851, died aged 3 months.
Lt. General Sir Douglas Mackinnon Baillie Hamilton Cochrane, 12th Earl of Dundonald.
Lt. Colonel Thomas Horatio Arthur Ernest Cochrane, 1st Baron Cochrane of Cults (father of World War II Air Chief Marshal Ralph Cochrane).
Notes
External links
1814 births
1885 deaths
11
Scottish representative peers
British expatriates in Chile
Thomas Barnes |
The National Property Law Digests are annual volumes published by Strafford since 1961 that cover all significant court decisions in the fields of real property and property transactions. It consists of twelve volumes published annually. The digests are frequently cited in appellate court opinions in the United States and Canada.
See also
Strafford, Dallas, Texas
Sources
American law journals
Canadian law journals
Academic journals established in 1961
Legal literature
Property law of Canada
Property law in the United States |
Central neurogenic hyperventilation (CNH) is an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by deep and rapid breaths at a rate of at least 25 breaths per minute. Increasing irregularity of this respiratory rate generally is a sign that the patient will enter into coma. CNH is unrelated to other forms of hyperventilation, like Kussmaul's respirations. CNH is the human body's response to reduced carbon dioxide levels in the blood. This reduction in carbon dioxide is caused by contraction of cranial arteries from damage caused by lesions in the brain stem. However, the mechanism by which CNH arises as a result from these lesions is still very poorly understood. Current research has yet to provide an effective means of treatment for the rare number of patients who are diagnosed with this condition.
Signs and symptoms
Symptoms of CNH have been observed to vary according to the progression of CNH. The initial symptoms of CNH include a low arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide, a high or normal arterial partial pressure of oxygen, high arterial pH, and tachypnea. The partial pressure of carbon dioxide has been noted by Yushi et al. to drop as low as 6.7 mmHg, while oxygen saturation remains at 99-100%. Respiratory alkalosis is induced in people affected by CNH, which stimulates the hyperpnea to attempt to compensate the rise of the blood's pH. Some of the reported cases of CNH claim alkaline cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). However, not all of the cases experience this effect and other cases of CNH have a local increase in the pH surrounding the tumor that causes the condition. The hyperventilation of CNH patients persists during sleep. Those affected have been observed to not be able to voluntarily control their breathing in order to slow it down and the hyperventilation is predominantly controlled by the diaphragm.
CNH has been found to affect people of all ages, ranging from children at the age of seven to adults at the age of eighty-seven. It has affected people while they have been both conscious and unconscious. After Plum and Swanson's initial discovery of CNH it was thought that CNH was rare in conscious patients. More cases of CNH have been observed in conscious patients since then. Additional symptoms of conscious CNH include loss of appetite, difficulty concentrating, poor memory, difficulties in eating or talking, cachexia, vomiting, disorientation, and a generalized confused state that varies from patient to patient. It is generally seen, however, that the mood changes, anxiety, and difficulty concentrating progress as the tumor increases in severity and, in effect, CNH persists. All of these symptoms are not present in each reported case of CNH, and symptoms seem to vary on a case to case basis. Other symptoms that have been associated with CNH are transient epileptic episodes with a temporary loss of consciousness. This condition is thought to result from severe hypocapnia that induces blood vessels in the brain to constrict, leading to brain ischemia. Other symptoms caused by CNH are electrolyte dysequilibrium and mood changes that primarily include anxiety due to the hyperventilation.
Once CNH is diagnosed, the condition generally progresses until the patient becomes unconscious or lapses into a coma. Most patients are seen to enter this state two to three months after the onset of CNH. Lange et al. cited a patient that experienced pulmonary edema, bronchitis, and pneumonia prior to death, though all reported cases of CNH describe various progressions of the condition until it worsens to the point of death.
Associations with Body Systems
CNH is most commonly associated with the central nervous system, and the majority of CNH cases have been associated with infiltrative tumors in the pons. Some cases involve the medulla and other regions of the brain. Primarily, researchers believe that the tumors infiltrate the pontine respiratory centers and central chemoreceptors. CNH has not been found to be associated with any other of the body's systems. Cardiac, pulmonary, and metabolic disorders have been ruled out as causes of the hyperventilation. Tests such as electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, torso computed tomographic scans, and chest radiographs have revealed that the pulmonary and cardiac systems of CNH are normal. Liver and kidney functions are also normal. Lymph node and thyroid enlargement also have not been detected. Association with the cardiovascular system is seen when the brain tumors reach the medullary cardiovascular centers, at which point the patient usually succumbs to death.
Causes
Determining the exact cause of CNH has proven to be difficult, specifically because only 21 additional cases have been reported since Plum and Swanson's initial report of the condition in 1959. These subsequent reports deal only with conscious patients presenting with CNH, though the varied pathophysiologies present in each individual patient makes it nearly impossible to implicate either a particular structural lesion or the destruction of a specific locus as the sole cause of CNH. Compilations of the reports, however, have led to generalized conclusions about the primary role of structural lesions in the initiation of both juvenile and adult cases of CNH.
Tumor-Induced CNH in Adults
The majority of adult patients experiencing CNH have clinical histories of infiltrative, expanding tumors of the cortex, primarily involving the brainstem. Over three-quarters of the cases reported since the discovery of CNH by Plum and Swanson had tumors clearly involving the pons, with specific consideration given to pathology of the pontine tegmentum. CNH was also reported in patients with tumors affecting the medulla oblongata.
Though a diagnosis of CNH is rarely considered without evidence of brainstem infiltration, there have been other reported cases of CNH not directly involving the pons or medulla. CNH was also reported in cases involving a frontal lobe tumor, an invasive laryngeal carcinoma compressing the midbrain, an extension of tumors of the head and neck into the base of the brain, and thalamic hemorrhage. The manifestation of CNH in patients with these non-brainstem related disorders leads to greater debate about the pathophysiology of CNH and the role of other parts of the brain in the regulation of respiration. At this time, there have been no reported cases of CNH associated with stroke.
In each case, the nature of the tumor varied, though the two main categories of tumor were classified as either cerebral lymphomas or solid tumors, such as pontine gliomas, anaplastic medulloblastoma, or astrocytomas.
Particular attention is given to the high incidence of cerebral lymphomas associated with adult CNH. Intracerebral B-cell lymphoma represents less than 1% of all primary malignant tumors of the central nervous system. Infiltration of lymphoma cells into the pons and medulla is the most frequently reported cause of CNH, accounting for half of all CNH-inducing brain tumors, despite its considerable rarity. It has been suggested that these lymphomas are capable of diffusely penetrating the midbrain, without significantly destructing the overall structures.
Tumor-Induced CNH in Children
CNH in children is considerably less common, and only five of the twenty one cases have been documented in children aged 11 and younger. The primary difference between juvenile and adult cases of CNH is the structural identity of the tumors leading to CNH symptoms. Four of the five cases of CNH involving children were associated with solid infiltrative gliomas on the brainstem, while only one case was associated with an apparent lymphoma referred to as microgliomatosis.
Non-tumor Induced CNH
There have been only a few reported cases of non-tumor induced CNH, most of which have been successfully treated. Recently, the anticonvulsant drug Topiramate induced temporary CNH in patients, which abated after drug use was terminated. Additionally, there has been one reported case of CNH in a patient who has multiple sclerosis with brainstem lesions. The CNH was considered reversible and was successfully treated with high-dose intravenous methylprednisolone and plasma exchange.
Pathophysiology
Although CNH is typically characterized by the presence of lesions in the brainstem region, the mechanism by which these lesions create uninhibited stimulation of the expiratory and inhalatory centers is still poorly understood. These lesions typically arise after cancerous cells from another location of the body metastasize and move to the brain. The mechanism by which CNH was originally thought to occur involved the separation of the pontine and medullary respiratory centers by infiltrative tumors. Animal models mimicking this separation, however, do not exhibit CNH. A secondary postulated mechanism by which CNH may function is that the lesions produce lactate which consequently serves as a stimulator for the chemoreceptors of the medullary region of the brainstem. Previous studies of CNH patients have verified the presence of lactic acid in cerebral spinal fluid.
Diagnosis
For the clinical diagnosis of CNH, it is essential that the symptoms, particularly respiratory alkalosis, persist while the patient is both awake and asleep. The presence of hyperventilation during sleep excludes any possible emotional or psychogenic causes for the sustained hyperventilation. There must also be no evidence of drug or metabolic causes, including cardiac or pulmonary disease, or recent or current use of respiration-stimulating drugs. While a positive diagnosis of CNH in adult cases should be reserved only until all other possible causes of tachypnea have been eliminated, CNH should be suspected in any alert child presenting with unexplained hyperventilation and hypocarbia leading to respiratory alkalosis. Once CNH is determined to be a possible cause of hyperventilation, lesions and their location in the brain are verified using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Treatment
There is no accepted current course of treatment for CNH. Patients are usually supported by mechanical ventilation and managed with paralytic agents to control breathing rate until a more specific treatment plan can be developed. Morphine is used as the most common treatment, specifically for its ability to depress respiratory rate by reducing tidal volume to added carbon dioxide. However, morphine has only been found to be effective in reducing CNH in select cases. Successful documentation of CNH treatment typically involves the surgical removal of the lesions, or the use of brain irradiation or chemotherapy with corticosteroids to reduce the size of lesions in the affected area of the brain. In cases where CNH presents in children, whose conditions are typically characterized by more solid tumors, aggressive surgical and chemotherapeutic methods are highly recommended.
If treatment of the lesions is ineffective, studies have shown that intravenous fentanyl, a slow-acting narcotic, or a fentanyl patch can be used to slow respiration. In patch form, fentanyl is a good alternative to morphine therapy for its high lipid solubility and ability to be worn on the body. Narcotic treatment is largely temporary and high morbidity rates in adults and children are typically cited where lesions are not effectively treated or removed.
Prognosis
The onset of CNH in all patients regardless of age can be a precursor to ensuing deterioration in patients with infiltrative tumors of the brainstem and medulla. These patients experience prolonged series of CNH before succumbing to the associated deterioration of medullary cardiovascular center, which ultimately results in death. In addition to clinical consequences of a positive CNH diagnosis, sustained hyperventilation also has a marked effect on daily life activities, and may significantly impede a patient's ability to eat or talk. The persistent hypocarbia, alkalotic pH, and resultant electrolyte disequilibrium may also alter a patient's mood or mental state. Patients presenting with CNH are often described as inattentive and anxious.
History
Central neurogenic hyperventilation (CNH) is an extremely rare neurological disorder that was initially reported by Fred Plum, MD and August G. Swanson, MD, in 1959. Plum and Swanson described the symptoms of nine comatose patients, defining CNH as a syndrome consisting primarily of elevated arterial oxygen tension, decreased arterial carbon dioxide tension, and progressive tachypnea.
Postmortem examination of the nine patients' brains reported by Plum and Swanson, revealed necrosis of the central pons in five of the nine patients, and indirect compression of the pons in one additional patient. Their initial findings suggested that lesions in the medial pontine tegmentum leads to a disruption of cortical inhibitory effects of medullar respiratory center. Plum and Swanson suggested that failure to inhibit the activity of this particular region of the brain results in continuous stimulation of the respiratory center by the lateral pontile reticular formulation and laterally located descending neural pathway. The destruction of this required negative feedback mechanism causes the uncontrollable hyperventilation associated with CNH.
Additional Findings
Subsequent findings revealed CNH can also occur in conscious patients. Patients with tumor-induced CNH remain conscious because the reticular activating system of the brain is not affected by the tumor in the early stages of the condition. The condition is considered extremely uncommon, and only 21 additional cases of tumor-inducing CNH were reported up until 2005. Only five of these cases were reported in children. The causes associated with conscious CNH are more varied than originally predicted by Plum and Swanson's study of comatose patients, although the most commonly reported causes of CNH involve infiltrative gliomas and lymphomas of the brainstem and pons.
Although the majority of CNH-inducing tumors are located in close proximity to other medullary homeostatic centers, the physiological changes associated with CNH are restricted to alterations in the control of breathing. Most patients present with normal readings for heart rate and blood pressure, even in the case of severe alkalosis caused by CNH, which indicates that the respiratory center affected by CNH is more sensitive to compression than other areas of the brain.
Research
Current mechanisms by which CNH functions still remain poorly developed. In addition, a standard form of treatment has not been established to treat CNH. These characteristics make CNH an important condition that still needs to be investigated in adults and children, though the extreme rarity of the condition makes it difficult for research to successfully examine clinical cases.
References
External links
About brain injury and functions
Breathing abnormalities |
Mustard Bath is a 1993 Canadian film written and directed by Darrell Wasyk.
Plot
Matthew, a young medical student from Toronto, Ontario, returns to his birthplace in Guyana on receiving a letter from his mother three months after her death. Prompted by his surroundings to sort through the idealized memories of his childhood, Matthew reaches the horrifying realization that he has returned to a world which he was never a part of. Contemporary Guyanese reality highlights the white colonialist privilege his family had enjoyed.
Retroactively homeless and nostalgically orphaned, he throws himself into his work at an underfunded and under equipped Georgetown hospital, developing a fatherly devotion to Dexter, a young orphaned boy housed at the local orphanage. Matthew spends endless nights with a ghostly old Hungarian woman who stumbles about the hallways of his hotel, spying on him with longing. She offers Matthew the comfort he has been seeking in the memories of his mother, seducing him with cigarettes and warm rum, and terrifying stories of being captured and raped by soldiers of the Hungarian Revolution of 1956. Slowly, even these marginal connections to reality disintegrated, and Matthew finds himself utterly alone.
Cast
Michael Riley as Matthew Linden
Martha Henry as Grace
Tantoo Cardinal as Sister Amantha
Eddy Grant as Rasta Fad’dah
Elizabeth Shepherd as Matthew's Mother
Production
Mustard Bath was filmed in Guyana, South America.
Much of the movie’s soundtrack is credited to Eddy Grant, and features the Mighty Sparrow’s hit No Money for Love.
Awards
Martha Henry won a Best Supporting Actress for her portrayal of Grace at the 15th Genie Awards and at WorldFest-Houston International Film Festival the film won a Gold Prize for the Best Dramatic Feature Film.
References
External links
Yahoo Movies
Playback magazine
1993 films
Canadian drama films
English-language Canadian films
Films set in Guyana
Films shot in Guyana
Films directed by Darrell Wasyk
1990s English-language films
1990s Canadian films |
The House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence (NDDN) is a standing committee of the House of Commons of Canada. Prior to 2007, it was the House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence and Veterans' Affairs.
Mandate
The House of Commons Standing Committee on National Defence is a permanent committee established by the Standing Orders, the written rules under which the House of Commons regulates its proceedings. It is mandated to review all matters pertaining to the Department of National Defence ("the department") and the Canadian Armed Forces. It may examine and report on matters referred to it by the House of Commons or it may undertake studies on its own initiative.
The National Defence Act established the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces – the Canadian Army, the Royal Canadian Navy and Royal Canadian Air Force – as two separate entities operating in close cooperation under the authority of the Minister of National Defence. National Defence Headquarters is a "combined" headquarters consisting of both military and civilian personnel. The Standing Committee on National Defence is responsible for examining legislation, activities, and expenditures of the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces, as well as the effectiveness of related policies and programs.
When examining legislation or undertaking a particular study, the Committee may hear from a variety of witnesses including the Minister, relevant departmental and Canadian Armed Forces personnel, academics, subject matter specialists, stakeholders, Ministers and officials from other departments, and members of the public at large.
Order in Council Appointments, whereby individuals are appointed to certain senior posts within the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Armed Forces, are referred to the Committee after they have been tabled in the House of Commons. Within thirty sitting days of this referral, the Committee may choose to examine the qualifications and competence of these appointees in relation to the posts to which they have been appointed. If the committee decides to present a report to the House, the report will ordinarily state that the committee has reviewed the appointment or nomination and whether or not the committee finds the person qualified and competent to perform the duties of the office.
The Committee is also empowered to study and report the following agencies and other independent bodies:
Defence Research and Development Canada*
Office of the Chief Military Judge*
Communications Security Establishment Canada*
Office of the Communications Security Establishment Commissioner*
Military Grievances External Review Committee (formerly known as the Canadian Forces Grievance Board)*
Military Police Complaints Commission*
Office of the Ombudsman for the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Forces
National Search and Rescue Secretariat
These bodies operate as independent units within the defence portfolio. The other agencies report to Parliament through the Minister of National Defence.
For procedural information regarding the mandate and power of committees please consult the relevant section in the Compendium of House of Commons Procedure.
Matters pertaining to the Department of National Defence
Care of ill and injured Canadian Forces members
Maintaining the readiness of the Canadian Forces
History
Until 1986, the Standing Committee on External Affairs and National Defence was responsible for examining defence policy. One result of the Canadian parliamentary reforms implemented during the 1980s was the establishment of a separate Standing Committee on National Defence in 1986.
In 1989, Veterans Affairs was added to the mandate of the Committee, and it was renamed the Standing Committee on National Defence and Veterans Affairs. However, on April 5, 2006, at the beginning of the 39th Parliament, the House of Commons adopted a motion which amended its Standing Orders to, among other things, divide the areas of responsibility and establish both a Standing Committee on National Defence and a Standing Committee on Veterans Affairs.
Membership
Subcommittees
Subcommittee on Agenda and Procedure (SNDD)
References
External links
Standing Committee on National Defence (NDDN)
National Defence
Parliamentary committees on Defence
Department of National Defence (Canada)
Canadian Armed Forces |
Elizabeth Cary may refer to:
Elizabeth Cary, Viscountess Falkland, early modern poet and playwright
Elizabeth Cabot Agassiz (née Cary), founder of Radcliffe College
Elizabeth, Lady Amherst (née Cary), wife of Jeffery Amherst, 1st Baron Amherst
See also
Elizabeth Carey (disambiguation) |
St. Cloud Technical and Community College is a public technical college and community college in St. Cloud, Minnesota, United States. Founded in 1948 and formerly called St. Cloud Technical College and St. Cloud Vocational Technical College (and known as "Vo-Tech"), it is part of the Minnesota State Colleges and Universities system. The college grants Associate of Arts, Associate of Science, and Associate of Applied Science degrees in several majors; it also grants certificates and advanced technical certificates.
Athletics
SCTCC's athletics teams, nicknamed the Cyclones, play at the NJCAA Division III level. All the teams compete in South Division of the MCAC.
References
External links
Official website
Cyclone Athletics
1948 establishments in Minnesota
Buildings and structures in St. Cloud, Minnesota
Community colleges in Minnesota
Universities and colleges established in 1948
Education in Stearns County, Minnesota
Two-year colleges in the United States |
Kirkville is a city in Wapello County, Iowa, United States. The population was 157 at the time of the 2020 census.
History
Kirkville was laid out in 1848 by John Kirkpatrick.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 167 people, 68 households, and 46 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 74 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 97.6% White, 0.6% Native American, 1.2% from other races, and 0.6% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.8% of the population.
There were 68 households, of which 29.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 63.2% were married couples living together, 1.5% had a female householder with no husband present, 2.9% had a male householder with no wife present, and 32.4% were non-families. 23.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.46 and the average family size was 2.93.
The median age in the city was 43.5 years. 22.8% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 25.2% were from 25 to 44; 36% were from 45 to 64; and 10.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 52.7% male and 47.3% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 214 people, 72 households, and 60 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 79 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 99.53% White and 0.47% Native American. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.47% of the population.
There were 72 households, out of which 41.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 76.4% were married couples living together, 2.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 15.3% were non-families. 9.7% of all households were made up of individuals, and 5.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.97 and the average family size was 3.11.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 31.3% under the age of 18, 7.0% from 18 to 24, 28.0% from 25 to 44, 24.8% from 45 to 64, and 8.9% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 34 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 107.0 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $31,354, and the median income for a family was $31,875. Males had a median income of $30,156 versus $17,500 for females. The per capita income for the city was $14,366. About 6.3% of families and 8.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 16.0% of those under the age of eighteen and none of those 65 or over.
Education
Kirkville is within the Eddyville–Blakesburg–Fremont Community School District, formed by the 2012 merger of the Eddyville–Blakesburg Community School District and the Fremont Community School District. It previously resided in the Eddyville–Blakesburg district, which was formed in 1994 by the merger of the Eddyville Community School District and the Blakesburg Community School District.
References
Cities in Iowa
Cities in Wapello County, Iowa |
Allie Esiri (born 26 January 1967), née Allison Byrne, is a British writer and former stage, film, and television actress.
She created iF Poems, an educational poetry app, the accompanying hardback anthology iF: A Treasury of Poems for Almost Every Possibility, and The Love Book, an interactive literary app on iOS. Esiri's first anthology published by Pan Macmillan is the bestselling A Poem for Every Night of the Year which won the IBW Book award 2017. Her anthologies have been picked as best books of the year in the Observer, New Statesman and The Times.
Esiri's anthology, A Poem for Every Day of the Year was published in hardback and audiobook by Pan Macmillan on 7 September 2017, Shakespeare for Every Day of the Year was published in hardback, e-book and audiobook by Pan Macmillan UK in September 2019 and by Penguin in October 2020 in the United States. A Poet for Every Day of the Year was published in hardback, e-book and audiobook by Pan Macmillan UK in September 2021.A Nursery Rhyme for Every Night of the Yearis illustrated by Emily Faccini, published March 2023. 365 Poems for Life" was published on 5 October 2023.
Acting career
Esiri read Modern and Medieval Languages at St Catharine's College, Cambridge, where she appeared in numerous productions, including The Winter's Tale directed by Tim Supple and an acclaimed production of Cyrano de Bergerac, directed by Sam Mendes, starring Tom Hollander and which also featured future deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg. Byrne's first major television role was in the Agatha Christie's Poirot adaptation of The Mysterious Affair at Styles in 1990. In 1992 she played Olivia in an English Shakespeare Company production of Twelfth Night directed by Michael Pennington. She later appeared in episodes of The Bill, Goodnight Sweetheart, Men Behaving Badly, A Touch of Frost and Van der Valk.
In 1995, she played Lady Kiely in the television movie Sharpe's Battle, alongside Sean Bean and Hugh Fraser, with whom she had previously appeared in the Agatha Christie's Poirot adaptation of The Mysterious Affair at Styles. She played one of the lead parts in the ITV series Call Red (1996). She also appeared in the Merchant Ivory Productions film, Howards End and the Kenneth Branagh film In the Bleak Midwinter. In 1999 she played environmental activist Teri Riley opposite Trevor Eve in the TV film Doomwatch: Winter Angel. Other acting credits include Dr Faustus at Greenwich Theatre, Twelfth Night and Macbeth directed by Michael Bogdanov for the English Shakespeare Company.
Literary career
Byrne ceased acting in 1999 to write and create poetry projects. She wrote freelance articles for publications such as American Vogue, The New York Times, and London's Evening Standard ES magazine, and now works in the world of poetry and technology. Under her married name of Allie Esiri she has co-created the successful poetry app, "iF Poems" and edited the hardback anthology "iF, A Treasury of Poems for Almost Every Possibility". she conceived "iF Poems" as an educational poetry app for children of any age. It was chosen to be in The Sunday Times Best 500 Apps of the year list and in The Spectator's top ten ibooks of the year. It ran on the IOS platform for iPad, iPhone and iPod Touch. Poems are read aloud on the app by Helena Bonham Carter, Bill Nighy, Harry Enfield, and Tom Hiddleston. The apps and the book are illustrated by Natasha Law.
Esiri has also created "The Love Book App" recommended by Apple and available on both Android and iOS platforms. It has 300 poems, quotes, letters and short stories on the theme of love, read by Helena Bonham Carter, Emma Watson, Damian Lewis, Tom Hiddleston, Helen McCrory and Gina Bellman. The app is illustrated by Kate Moross. There was a hardback book of The Love Book, edited by Esiri, published by Square Peg, an imprint of Random House on 6 February 2014. A new hardback anthology, "A Poem For Every Night of the Year", compiled by and with introductory paragraphs by Esiri, was published by Macmillan Children's Books in September 2016. In June 2017, it won the IBW 2017, Best Children's Book at the Independent Bookshop Book Awards and it was the top selling new poetry title of 2016 and of many of the years since.
Esiri has created poetry shows with readers including Damian Lewis, Helen McCrory, Samuel West, Dominic West, Helena Bonham Carter, Tom Hiddleston,Tobias Menzies, Dominic West, Giles Terera, Tamsin Greig and Sophie Turner. "A Poem for Every Night of the Year" had a launch event show at the National Theatre (the first of many) on the Olivier stage on 25 November 2016. It was reviewed in The Telegraph. Esiri hosted the show and poems were read by Samuel West, Hattie Morahan, Giles Terera and Kate Duchene. Esiri curated and hosted similar events at the Hay Festival, Cheltenham Literature Festival, Edinburgh Festival, Oxford Literary Festival and Bath Festivals with actors including Tony Robinson, Sophie Turner, Ronni Ancona, Alexander Armstrong, Helena Bonham Carter, Emma Corrin, Beatie Edney, Damian Lewis, Helen McCrory, Gina Bellman, Hugh Ross, Nathaniel Parker, Sanjeev Bhaskar, Alison Steadman, Samuel West and Harry Enfield.
Esiri's next anthology, A Poem for Every Day of the Year was published by Macmillan on 7 September 2017. The Guardian recently chose it as one of their top ten poetry books and it was chosen by the chair of the National Trust as the book she would take her to her desert island on BBC's Desert Island Discs. A Poem for Every Day of the Year show at the National Theatre took place on 10 November 2017 - joining Esiri on stage were actors Adjoa Andoh, Simon Russell Beale, Joanna Lumley, Stephen Mangan, Helen McCrory and Samuel West. A Poem for Every Day of the Year was in The Observer, the Times and the New Statesmen books of the year. The audiobook is read by Helena Bonham Carter and Simon Russell Beale.
Esiri curated and hosted an event, Women Poets Through the Ages in November 2018 at the National Theatre with Joanna Lumley, Helen McCrory, Kate Fleetwood, Sheila Atim and Indira Varma. And then again at the Bridge theatre in London in April 2019 with Helena Bonham Carter, Helen McCrory and Pippa Bennett-Warner.
Esiri's next collection, "Shakespeare for Every Day of the Year" was published in the UK and America and is available in hardback, e-book and audiobook. The readers for the audiobook include Damian Lewis, Helen McCrory, Paapa Essiedu and Simon Russell Beale and it was the Audiobook Pick of the Week in The Times. The accompanying live shows have featured Helena Bonham Carter, Emma Corrin, Diana Quick, Paapa Essiedu and Christopher Eccleston and a film, available on YouTube recorded during the lockdown for the Hay Festival starring Helena Bonham Carter and Dominic West, introduced by Esiri.
The anthology A Poet for Every Day of the Year was then published by Macmillan in September 2021. The launch show at the National Theatre was dedicated to long-term collaborator Helen McCrory and was curated by Esiri and co-hosted with Damian Lewis. Friends of Helen McCrory joined Esiri and Lewis for the hour's show on the Lyttleton stage: Simon Russell Beale, Fay Ripley, Lesley Sharp and Danny Sapani. It was reviewed in The Times and Sunday Times. It’s available to stream free on National Theatre YouTube.
Esiri's anthology, A Nursery Rhyme for Every Night of the Year was published in March 2023. Poetry for Every Day show at the National Theatre, also available free on National Theatre YouTube channel, featured several readings from the book from Tom Hiddleston, Asa Butterfield, Kate Fleetwood, Sope Dirisu and Daria Plahity. The event was in aid of the DEC Ukraine Humanitarian appeal. A Nursery Rhyme for Every Night of the Year event was at the Hay Festival in May 2023 with Esiri, Helena Bonham Carter, Tony Robinson, Michael Rosen, Julia Donaldson, Malcolm Donaldson, Olivia Williams, Brian Bilston, JB Gill and Samuel West.
365 Poems for Life was published on National Poetry Day 2023.
Esiri sat on the advisory board of The Times/The Sunday Times Cheltenham Literature Festival 2014–2106, currently sits on the Children's Poetry Summit and is an advisor to the organisation National Poetry Day. She chaired the literary themed Secret Winter Gala for the charity Save the Children from 2013 to 2015 and chaired the judging panel for the CLPE poetry prize 2021.
Personal life
She is married to Mark Esiri, a partner in Venrex Investment Management, which he co-founded. They have three children.
Selected television creditsDoomwatch: Winter Angel (1999) - as Teri RileyThe Bill - as D.S. Hunt (1998)Goodnight Sweetheart 1 episode - as Kate (1997)Call Red - many episodes, as Alyson Butler (1996)Men Behaving Badly 1 episode - as Jill (1995)Sharpe's Battle - as Lady Kiely (1995) A Touch of Frost - as Ruth Ormrod (1995)Van der Valk, The Ties That Bind - as Petra van Leurink (1992)Minder The Loneliness Of The Long Distance Entrepreneur and Three Cons Make A Mountain - as Lucy (1991)Agatha Christie's Poirot - The Mysterious Affair at Styles'' - Cynthia Murdoch (1990)
References
The Telegraph review of The National Theatre's A Poem for Every Day of the Year Joanna Lumley is an excellent walrus – A Poem for Every Day of the Year, National Theatre, review
The Telegraph review of The National Theatre's A Poem for Every Night of the Year A Poem for Every Night of the Year, Olivier Theatre, review
Sunday Times magazine, Allie Esiri 'How does it feel to pick a poem for Christmas' How it feels to... pick a poem for Christmas
Damian Lewis and Helen McCrory read poems from The Love Book at Cheltenham Literature Festival for Allie Esiri in The Times Husband and wife show support for public poetry with love story in verse
The Times on Allie Esiri and her iF Poems app From Lewis Carroll to Keats, an app to introduce children to the joy of poetry
Allie Esiri presents 30 Great Poems Everyone Should Know in The Times 30 great poems everyone should know
Allie Esiri in the Sunday Times, 'Rhyme or Reason' Rhyme and reason
A Poem for Every Day of the Year and A Poem for Every Night of the Year in The Guardian's top ten poetry anthologies Top 10 poetry anthologies
The Guardian podcast with Allie Esiri on poetry Guardian Books podcast: Pete Townshend, Neil Young and poetry books
A Poem for Every Night of the Year in The Observer's best books 2016 Hidden gems of 2016: the best books you may have missed
The Guardian's best children's books for 2018 of all ages The best children’s books of 2018 for all ages
Allie Esiri on BBC Radio 2 Radcliffe and marconi show The Radcliffe and Maconie Show
Allie Esiri on Cerys Matthew's BBC radio show BBC Radio 6 Music - Cerys Matthews, Cerys on 6, Allie Esiri joins Cerys
Allie Esiri interview, 'The Books that Changed my Life' Allie Esiri: Books That Changed My Life - Reader's Digest
Allie Esiri interview on BBC Robert Elms
The Love Book app created by Allie Esiri with Tom Hiddleston in the Telegraph Love Book app launched for National Poetry Day
External links
1967 births
Alumni of St Catharine's College, Cambridge
English television actresses
English film actresses
Living people
20th-century English actresses |
Douglas Mackenzie (died 9 January 1890) was an Anglican bishop in the second half of the 19th century.
He was educated at St Albans School and Peterhouse, Cambridge. A noted mathematician, he served simultaneously as principal of St. Andrew's School, Bloemfontein, archdeacon of Harrismith and a canon of Bloemfontein Cathedral before his appointment as the second bishop of Zululand. He remained bishop of Zululand until his death from fever in January 1890. After his death a memorial to him was erected at St Peter's, Raunds.
References
Year of birth unknown
1890 deaths
19th-century Anglican Church of Southern Africa bishops
Alumni of Peterhouse, Cambridge
Anglican archdeacons in Africa
Anglican bishops of Zululand
People educated at St Albans School, Hertfordshire |
Katarina Bartholdson (born 25 February 1941) is a Swedish former tennis player. She also played under her maiden name Katarina Frendelius.
A winner of 11 national championships in singles or doubles, Bartholdson made her only Federation Cup appearance in Sweden's debut tie in 1964, against Canada. She won her singles match against Benita Senn, but was beaten in the live doubles rubber, partnering Ulla Sandulf.
Bartholdson competed in multiple Wimbledon draws and reached the singles third round in 1963, where she lost to top seed Margaret Smith (later Court).
See also
List of Sweden Fed Cup team representatives
References
External links
1941 births
Living people
Swedish female tennis players |
Sport Club Penedense is a Brazilian football club based in Penedo, Alagoas. The senior team currently doesn't play in any league, having last participated in the Campeonato Alagoano Segunda Divisão in the 2019 season.
History
The club was founded on 3 January 1909. Penedense won the Campeonato Alagoano Second Level in 2000 and in 2004. They finished in the second position in the Campeonato Alagoano Second Level in 2011, losing the competition to CEO and thus they were promoted to the 2012 Campeonato Alagoano.
Achievements
Campeonato Alagoano Second Level:
Winners (3): 2000, 2004, 2023
Stadium
Sport Club Penedense play their home games at Estádio Alfredo Leahy. The stadium has a maximum capacity of 6,000 people.
References
Association football clubs established in 1909
Football clubs in Alagoas
1909 establishments in Brazil |
```javascript
/**
* Theme Plugins
* @author z@j-ui.com
*/
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$.fn.extend({
cssTable: function(options){
return this.each(function(){
var $this = $(this);
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asc: $this.attr("asc") || "asc",
desc: $this.attr("desc") || "desc"
});
});
}
});
})(jQuery);
``` |
Atsuhiko Yoshida (吉田敦彦, born 22 December 1934) is a Japanese classical scholar best known for his research on parallels between Indo-European and Japanese mythology.
Biography
Atsuhiko Yoshida was born on 22 December 1934. He received his degrees in classical studies at Seikei University and the University of Tokyo. Yoshida subsequently researched at the French National Centre for Scientific Research, where he came under the influence of Georges Dumézil. He subsequently worked as a visiting lecturer at the University of Geneva and the University of California, Los Angeles. Returning to Japan, Yoshida became a professor at Seikei University. He subsequently became a professor at Gakushuin University. Yoshida retired as professor emeritus in 2006.
With and C. Scott Littleton, Yoshida has conducted pioneering studies in relations between Indo-European (particularly Greek) and Japanese mythology. He was awarded the Order of the Sacred Treasure in 2013.
Scholarship
Yoshida first came to the attention of the field of comparative mythology with a series of articles published in the 1960s.
In "Survivances de la tripartition fonctionelle en Grèce" (1964), Yoshida discusses the concept of ideological tripartition in early Greek mythological sources, with examples drawn from Homer, Hesiod, and some Mycenaean-era texts. This area of scholarship had been pursued by Yoshida's mentor, Georges Dumézil, who considered it a very difficult field.
The same year, Yoshida published "La structure de l'illustration du bouclier d'Achille" discusses how the elaborate design described by Homer for the shield of Achilles, the topic of which concerns much of Book XVIII of the Iliad, reflects Indo-European ideology. This article also expanded on Dumézil's exploration of tripartite function in Indo-European myth.
In subsequent articles, Yoshida discussed parallels between a series of deaths within a Greek mythological family and another instance from Norse mythology, how the function of cups as symbols of sovereignty in Greek myth corresponds to similar traditions in Celtic and other Indo-European traditions, and the appearance of functional triads in the depiction of Dionysus and in the Iliad.
Separately, Yoshida discussed instances in which Indo-European concepts also appear in some of the earliest surviving Japanese mythology, suggesting that these elements might have been foreign introductions, rather than indigenous traditions that merely resembled those of the west. Yoshida further explored the possible relationship between Japanese and western mythology in "Japanese Mythology and the Indo-European Trifunctional System" (1977), building on Dumézil's earlier research. The transmission of mythological elements from the west to Japan, as well as the incorporation of other east Asian myths within early Japanese tradition, formed the basis of much of Yoshida's Japanese-language scholarship between 1974 and 1993.
See also
Jaan Puhvel
Stig Wikander
Edgar C. Polomé
References
1934 births
Indo-Europeanists
Japanese classical scholars
Living people
Mythographers
University of Tokyo alumni
Academic staff of Gakushuin University
Academic staff of Seikei University |
Debra Austin may refer to:
Debra Austin (dancer) (born 1955), American ballet dancer
Debra D. Austin, professor at Florida State University
Debra Marshall, American actress and retired professional wrestling valet, and former wife of Steve Austin.
See also
Debra Marshall (born 1960), American actress and professional wrestling valet, married Stone Cold Steve Austin |
Just Imagine is a 1930 American pre-Code science fiction musical-comedy film, directed by David Butler. The film is known for its art direction and special effects in its portrayal of New York City in an imagined 1980. Just Imagine stars El Brendel, Maureen O'Sullivan, John Garrick and Marjorie White. The "man from 1930" was played by El Brendel, an ethnic vaudeville comedian of a forgotten type: the Swedish immigrant.
The film starts with a preamble showing life in 1880, where the people believed themselves the "last word in speed". It switches to 1930, with the streets crowded with automobiles and lined with electric lights and telephone wires. It then switches to 1980, where the tenement houses have morphed into 250-story buildings, connected by suspension bridges and multi-lane elevated roads.
Plot
In 1980, J-21 (John Garrick) sets his aircraft on "hover" mode in New York, lands and converses with the beautiful LN-18 (Maureen O'Sullivan). He describes how the marriage tribunal had refused to consider J-21's marital filing and applications, and LN-18 is going to be forced to marry the conceited and mean MT-3 (Kenneth Thomson). J-21 plans to visit LN-18 that night.
RT-42 (Frank Albertson) tries to cheer him up by taking him to see a horde of surgeons experimentally revive a man from 1930, who was struck by lightning while playing golf, and was killed. The man (originally named Peterson now is called Single O) is taken in hand by RT-42 and J-21, where it is revealed that aircraft have replaced cars, numbers have replaced names, pills have replaced food and liquor, and the only legal babies come from vending machines. That night, LN-18 feigns a headache, and her father and the despicable MT-3 decide to go to "the show" without her. The second they are gone, RT-42 and J-21 appear and woo D-6 and LN-18 respectively. MT-3 and LN-18's father return quite early, as MT-3 was highly suspicious, and RT-42 and J-21 hide. However, the game is foiled by the moronic Single O (El Brendel), the man from 1930, becoming addicted to pill-highballs, getting drunk, and trying to get some more pill-highballs from J-21.
J-21 is depressed, but is contacted by Z-4, the scientist. He is told that Z-4 (Hobart Bosworth) has built a "rocket plane" that can carry three men to Mars. After a farewell party where J-21 works, on the Pegasus, a dirigible they call an "air-liner," the rocket blasts off, carrying J-21, RT-42 and Single O, who has stowed away for the synthetic rum. Landing on Mars, they are received by the Queen, Looloo and the King, Loko. That night, Looloo and Loko take them to see a "show," a Martian opera, where a horde of trained Martian ourang-outangs dance about. They are suddenly attacked by Booboo and Boko, the evil twins (everyone on Mars is a twin) of the King and Queen. They escape and return to Earth, and as one of the first men on another planet, J-21 is permitted to marry LN-18. Finally, Single O is reunited with his aged son, Axel.
Cast
Production
Art/cinematography
The massive, distinctive Art Deco city-scape, for which Just Imagine has come to be best remembered, was built in a former Army balloon hangar by a team of 205 technicians over a five-month period. The giant miniature cost $168,000 to build and was wired with 15,000 miniature lightbulbs (an additional 74 arc lights were used to light the city from above); other production credits include costumes by Alice O'Neil, Sophie Wachner, and Dolly Tree.
Special effects
The sequence in which the El Brendel character is revived from the dead features the first screen appearance of the spectacular electrical equipment assembled by Kenneth Strickfaden, seen again and more famously in James Whale's Frankenstein (1931). Over 50 special effects shots combining previously photographed backgrounds with live foreground action were accomplished using the Dunning Process. Rear projection technology of the scale and quality required was not available at the time.
The set design in the form of glass pictures and miniatures was done by Stephen Goosson, Ralph Hammeras, SPFX-guru Willis O'Brien, and Marcel Delgado (all uncredited).
Music
Of the DeSylva, Brown and Henderson songs introduced in the film, "Never Swat a Fly" was covered as the classic 1930 recording by McKinney's Cotton Pickers, the 1967 revival by Jim Kweskin & The Jug Band, and more recent recordings by Doc Cheatham among others.
Reception
Mordaunt Hall called Just Imagine, "clever", "highly imaginative" and "intriguing" and praised the costumes and set design. This expensive film was a one-time-only novelty stunt, bolstered by the short-lived popularity of El Brendel. Wonder Stories "cordially recommended" the film, saying it "shows us many of the wonders that our science fiction authors have been writing about".
Although a box-office flop, however, it was eventually able to make back some of its production costs in the studio shopping out clips of the futuristic sets for other films of the period. Clips of the cityscape from this movie were later used in the Universal serials Flash Gordon and Buck Rogers; the mock-up Mars spaceship was reused in the former as Dr. Zarkov's spaceship. Also seen in the first Flash Gordon serial are the strange hand-weapons carried by J21 and RT42 on Mars, which are held under rather than over the fist, and re-used footage of dancing girls cavorting about and on a Martian idol with moving arms.
By the time Just Imagine was released, movie musicals had greatly declined in popularity. As a result, major American studios would not back another big budget science fiction film until 1951. There was to be only one other American science-fiction musical in that period, It's Great to Be Alive (1933), which failed at the box-office. Film serials were an exception to this general trend, however.
The first Flash Gordon serial from 1936 had an unusually large budget for a serial of the time, and Gene Autry's The Phantom Empire from 1935 can loosely be considered a science fiction musical serial.
Awards
Just Imagine was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Art Direction by Stephen Goosson and Ralph Hammeras. It is notable as the first film of the science fiction genre to be nominated for an Oscar.
See also
List of films set on Mars
References
Notes
Bibliography
Altman, Rick. The American Film Musical. Bloomington Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1987. .
Kreuger, Miles ed. The Movie Musical from Vitaphone to 42nd Street as Reported in a Great Fan Magazine. New York: Dover Publications, 1974. .
External links
1930 films
1930 musical comedy films
1930s science fiction comedy films
American aviation films
American science fiction comedy films
American musical comedy films
1930s English-language films
Films directed by David Butler
Fox Film films
American black-and-white films
Films set in the 1880s
Films set in 1930
Films set in 1980
Science fiction musical films
Films set in the future
Mars in film
American musical fantasy films
1930s American films |
Geotrupidae (from Greek γῆ (gē), earth, and τρῡπητής (trȳpētēs), borer) is a family of beetles in the order Coleoptera. They are commonly called earth-boring dung beetles or dor beetles. Most excavate burrows in which to lay their eggs. They are typically detritivores, provisioning their nests with leaf litter (often moldy), but are occasionally coprophagous, similar to dung beetles. The eggs are laid in or upon the provision mass and buried, and the developing larvae feed upon the provisions. The burrows of some species can exceed 2 metres in depth.
A few species communicate by stridulation (rubbing body parts together to make sounds).
Classification
They were originally [when?] classified as the subfamily Geotrupinae in the family Scarabaeidae before being elevated to a family. Traditionally the family Bolboceratidae was included (as the subfamily Bolboceratinae) on the basis of the number of antenna segments, but examination of a different set of characteristics prompted Scholtz & Browne (1995) to elevate Bolboceratidae to a family, a result supported by recent phylogenetic research.
The family has more than 600 species in about 30 genera in two subfamilies; recent [when?] phylogenetic studies indicate that Taurocerastinae is not related to Geotrupinae, and is instead more closely related to Lucanidae and Diphyllostomatidae.
Geotrupinae
Allotrupes Boucomont, 1912
Anoplotrupes Jekel, 1866
Baraudia López-Colón, 1996
Ceratophyus Fischer von Waldheim, 1823
Ceratotrupes Jekel, 1865
Chelotrupes Jekel, 1866
Cnemotrupes Jekel, 1866
Cretogeotrupes Nikolajev, 1992
Enoplotrupes Lucas, 1869
Geohowdenius Zunino, 1984
Geotrupes Latreille, 1796
Halffterius Zunino, 1984
Haplogeotrupes Nikolaev, 1979
Jekelius López-Colón, 1989
Lethrus Scopoli, 1777
Megatrupes Zunino, 1984
Mycotrupes LeConte, 1866
Odontotrypes Fairmaire, 1887
Onthotrupes Howden, 1964
Phelotrupes Jekel, 1866
Peltotrupes Blanchard, 1888
Pseudotrypocopris Miksic, 1954
Sericotrupes Zunino, 1984
Silphotrupes Jekel, 1866
Thorectes Mulsant, 1842
Trypocopris Motschulsky, 1860
Typhaeus Leach, 1815
Zuninoeus López-Colón, 1989
Taurocerastinae
Frickius Germain, 1897
Taurocerastes Philippi, 1866
References
External links
D. Jonathan Browne and Clarke H. Scholtz, Bolboceratidae, from the Tree of Life
Key to the British species of family Geotrupidae
Video of Geotrupes from Hungary
UNL. Geotrupidae
Beetle families
Articles containing video clips |
Tramitichromis is a small genus of haplochromine cichlids endemic to Lake Malawi.
Species
There are currently five recognized species in this genus:
Tramitichromis brevis (Boulenger, 1908)
Tramitichromis intermedius (Trewavas, 1935)
Tramitichromis lituris (Trewavas, 1931)
Tramitichromis trilineatus (Trewavas, 1931)
Tramitichromis variabilis (Trewavas, 1931)
References
Haplochromini
Cichlid genera
Taxa named by Ethelwynn Trewavas
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Northcote Richard Burke () was Dean of New Westminster from 1953 to 1968.
Burke was educated at the Queen's University, Kingston and ordained in 1927. After curacies at Pittsburgh, Ontario, then Kingston, Ontario he was the Rector of St John, Ottawa from 1937 to 1948; and then of Christ Church, Deer Park until his appointment as Dean.
References
Queen's University at Kingston alumni
Canadian Anglican priests
Deans of New Westminster |
Bart Williams is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s. He played for the London Broncos.
Playing career
Schoolboys
Bart Williams played 2 schoolboy tests against the Junior Kiwi team in 1994. In 1994, the Schoolboys hosted, and defeated, the touring Junior Kiwis. This marked the first appearance of a then 15-year-old Owen Craigie, who would represent the Schoolboys a record three times in 1994, 1995 and 1996. Future Australian internationals Brett Kimmorley, Ben Ikin and Luke Priddis were also in the side.
South Sydney
Represented South Sydney RLFC 1995–1997. The South Sydney Rabbitohs (often called Souths and The Bunnies) are a professional Australian rugby league team based in Redfern, a suburb of inner-southern Sydney, New South Wales.[3] They participate in the National Rugby League (NRL) premiership and are one of nine existing teams from the state capital.
London Broncos
In 1998, as part of rugby league's "on the road" scheme London Broncos played Bradford Bulls at Tynecastle in Edinburgh in front of over 22,000 fans.
Success continued in 1998 with a first appearance in the Challenge Cup semi-finals, losing to Wigan. Head coach Tony Currie left the club at the end of the 1998 Super League season and was replaced by Dan Stains.
References
External links
https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/rugby-league-london-hit-by-sullivan-try-spree-1199188.html
1976 births
Living people
Australian rugby league players
London Broncos players
Rugby league hookers
South Sydney Rabbitohs players
Place of birth missing (living people)
Rugby articles needing expert attention |
Nazar Ali Kandi (, also Romanized as Naz̧ar ‘Alī Kandī) is a village in Gerdeh Rural District, in the Central District of Namin County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 11, in 6 families.
References
Towns and villages in Namin County |
The 2004 United States presidential election in California took place on November 2, 2004, and was part of the 2004 United States presidential election. Voters chose 55 representatives, or electors to the Electoral College, who voted for president and vice president.
California was won by Democratic nominee John Kerry by a 9.95% margin of victory. Prior to the election, all 12 news organizations considered this a state Kerry would win, or otherwise considered as a safe blue state. Republican presidential candidates have not taken California's electoral votes since Bush's father George H. W. Bush in his victory over Michael Dukakis in 1988. Bush would become the first and only Republican to win two terms in the White House without winning California at least once. With its 55 electoral votes, California was John Kerry's biggest electoral prize in 2004.
This is the only election since 1880 in which the Republican nominee won the nationwide popular vote without California, the only time since 1976 that it voted for the popular vote loser, and the only time ever that a Republican president has won re-election without winning California. This is also the only time since it's statehood that a presidential candidate was elected to two terms to the presidency without winning the state either time.
As of the 2020 presidential election, this is the last time a Republican presidential candidate received more than 40% of the vote in California, where the margin of victory was in single digits, and where the Democratic Party failed to obtain at least 60% of the vote. Bush remains the last Republican candidate to win the following counties in a presidential election: Fresno, Merced, Riverside, San Bernardino, San Diego, San Joaquin, San Luis Obispo, Stanislaus, and Ventura, and also the last candidate of any party to win Butte County by a majority. This was also the only time since 1960 that California voted for a different presidential candidate than nearby New Mexico. It also remains the last presidential election that a Republican won more than a third of the vote in Los Angeles County and also the last time that the gap between the Republican and Democratic candidates was less than two million votes.
Primaries
2004 California Democratic presidential primary
2004 California Republican presidential primary
Campaign
Predictions
There were 12 news organizations who made state-by-state predictions of the election. Here are their last predictions before election day.
Polling
Kerry led every single pre-election poll. The final 3 polls average Kerry leading at 52% to Bush at 43% to Nader at 2%.
Fundraising
Bush raised $20,296,645, the second most money raised state for him. It accounted for 10.7% of all the money he raised in 2004. Kerry raised $36,378,063, which is by far the most money raised for Kerry by any state. The money raised in California accounted for almost 20% of all money he raised in 2004.
Advertising and visits
Neither Kerry nor Bush advertised or campaigned in the state during the fall election.
Analysis
California was once a Republican leaning swing state, supporting Republican candidates in every election from 1952 through 1988, except in 1964. However, since the 1990s, California has become a reliably Democratic state with a highly diverse ethnic population (mostly Latino) and liberal bastions such as the San Francisco Bay Area and Los Angeles County. The last time the state was won by a Republican candidate was in 1988 by George H. W. Bush.
In 2004, the state did swing slightly Republican by a 1.9% margin from 2000 due to strong swings in heavily populated San Diego, Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, Ventura, Kern, Fresno, Stanislaus, and San Joaquin counties, in all of which Bush increased his margin by substantially more than he did nationally, and all of which save San Diego, San Joaquin, and Ventura he won by double digits. Bush also won over a million votes in Los Angeles County, the most populous county in the United States; and he held Kerry to a 0.2% margin in Sacramento County (which Gore had won by 4.0%). Bush also benefited from strong support by Arnold Schwarzenegger, the state's Republican governor. These factors likely contributed to California being closer than expected in 2004.
Nonetheless, this proved the first time the Democratic Party had won remote Alpine County since 1936 and only the third in that county’s 140-year electoral history, and the first time the Democratic nominee carried neighboring Mono County since 1940, and only the seventh since that county was formed in 1861; Bush thus became the first ever Republican to win the White House without carrying the former county, and the first to do so without carrying the latter county since William McKinley in 1896. Kerry further countered Bush's improved performance in Southern California and the Central Valley with large swings towards the Democratic Party in Northern California and the Central Coast. He improved on Al Gore's vote share by over 5% in Alameda, Sonoma, Marin, Santa Barbara, and San Mateo Counties, and in the city of San Francisco; and by over 10% in Santa Cruz County; he also improved on Gore by nearly 5% in San Luis Obispo County, although he didn't succeed in flipping it. In San Francisco, he became the first presidential nominee of any party in at least over a century to crack 80%, as Bush's vote share dipped below not only what he had gotten in 2000, but below Dole's in 1996.
Results
By county
Counties that flipped from Republican to Democratic
Alpine (largest municipality: Markleeville)
Mono (largest municipality: Mammoth Lakes)
By congressional district
Kerry won 31 of 53 congressional districts. Bush won 22 congressional districts, including two districts held by Democrats.
Electors
Technically the voters of California cast their ballots for electors: representatives to the Electoral College. California is allocated 55 electors because it has 53 congressional districts and 2 senators. All candidates who appear on the ballot or qualify to receive write-in votes must submit a list of 53 electors, who pledge to vote for their candidate and his or her running mate. Whoever wins the majority of votes in the state is awarded all 53 electoral votes. Their chosen electors then vote for president and vice president. Although electors are pledged to their candidate and running mate, they are not obligated to vote for them. An elector who votes for someone other than his or her candidate is known as a faithless elector.
The electors of each state and the District of Columbia met on December 13, 2004, to cast their votes for president and vice president. The Electoral College itself never meets as one body. Instead the electors from each state and the District of Columbia met in their respective capitols.
The following were the members of the Electoral College from California. All were pledged to and voted for John Kerry and John Edwards.
Robert H. Manley
Barbara Schraeger
Paul Johnson
Gary Simmons
Paul Batterson
Diana Madoshi
Kyriakos Tsakopoulos
Donald Linker
Paula Sandusky
Adam Woo
Chloe Drew
Karl Sliferv
Gary Prost
Joseph Cotchett
John Smith
George Marcus
Mark Hsu
Adele Bihn
Darrell Darling
Amarjit Dhaliwal
Rocco Davis
Kenneth Costa
Barbara Pyle
David Johnson
Andrew M. Siegel
Michael Carpenter
Lynda Von Husen
Randy Monroe
Lane M. Sherman
Moreen Blum
Yolanda Dyer
Paul I. Goldenberg
Lenore Wax
Mitch O'Farrell
Franklin A. Acevedo
Gwen Moore
Pedro Carillo
Karen Walters
Ted Lieu
Valerie McDonald
Marvin
Douglas E. Hitchcock
Barbara Kerr
Salvador Sanchez
Joe Baca, Jr.
Grant Gruber
James T. Ewing
Louise Giacoppe
James G. Bohm
Mark Lam
Chuck Lower
Susan Koehler
Mary Salas
Andrew Benjamin
Margaret Lawrence
References
California
2004
2004 California elections |
This is a list of seasons of the National Rugby League, including its predecessors in the New South Wales Rugby League, Australian Rugby League and Super League.
See also
Australian rugby league premiers
Super League war
References
National Rugby League lists |
The Stramilano is an annual athletics event which takes place in Milan, Italy in spring. The event comprises three parts: the Stramilano International Half Marathon (a professional road running competition over 21.0975 km), the La Stramilano dei 50.000 (; a 10 km non-competitive run/walk open to the general public) and the Stramilanina – a 5 km event for younger people.
The event was conceived in 1972 by the Italian Renato Cepparo. The idea took shape after the unexpected success of the Milan-Proserpio walk, a 43-km, "non-competitive" walk which Cepparo organized at the beginning with a handful of friends and then in an "open" format for anyone who wanted to take part starting from 18 September 1971.
The first Stramilano took place on 14 March 1972, as a nocturnal walk which ran along the entire outer ring road (about 22 km) and saw over 4,000 participants. Subsequently organisation was taken up by the sports group Fior di Roccia, and participation rose steadily until it settled at an average of 50,000 participants: for this reason the non-competitive race is called "Stramilano of the 50,000".
Over time, the event changed: the route was shortened (in 2008 it was cut down to 12 km and in 2009 it was further reduced to 10 km) and the non-competitive race was complemented, from 1976 by the "Stramilano Agonistica", reserved to professional athletes, run on the same distance as the "half marathon" (21 km and 97 m). Moreover, besides the main event the "Stramilanina" is also organised for children, with a route of only 6 km (reduced to 5 km in 2009).
In the last few years this event has been taken up as a model and similar events take place in foreign cities, for example the Stralugano in Lugano, Switzerland.
The 2020 edition of the event was postponed due to the coronavirus pandemic.
Half marathon winners
Key:
† = The 1989 event featured a women's 10 km race which was won by New Zealand's Mary O'Connor in a time of 34:16 minutes.
References
List of winners
Albo d’oro. Stramilano. Retrieved on 2010-09-10.
Stramilano Half Marathon. Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Retrieved on 2010-09-10.
External links
Official Stramilano website with English version
Athletics competitions in Italy
Half marathons
Sports competitions in Milan
Recurring sporting events established in 1972
Spring (season) events in Italy |
Marc Okrand (; born July 3, 1948) is an American linguist. His professional work is in Native American languages, and he is well known as the creator of the Klingon language in the Star Trek science fiction franchise.
Career
As a linguist, Okrand worked with Native American languages. He earned a bachelor's degree in linguistics from the University of California, Santa Cruz in 1970. His 1977 doctoral dissertation from the University of California, Berkeley, was on the grammar of Mutsun, an extinct Ohlone language formerly spoken in the coastal areas of north-central California. His dissertation was supervised by pioneering linguist Mary Haas. From 1975 to 1978, he taught undergraduate linguistics courses at the University of California, Santa Barbara, before taking a post-doctoral fellowship at the Smithsonian in Washington, D.C., in 1978.
After that, Okrand took a job at the National Captioning Institute, where he worked on the first closed-captioning system for hearing-impaired television viewers. Until his retirement in 2013, Okrand served as one of the directors for Live Captioning at the National Captioning Institute and as President of the board of directors of WSC Avant Bard (formerly the Washington Shakespeare Company) in Arlington, Virginia, which planned to stage "an evening of Shakespeare in Klingon" in 2010.
Star Trek
While coordinating closed captioning for the Oscars award show in 1982, Okrand met the producer for the movie Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan. His first work was dubbing in Vulcan language dialogue for Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, since the actors had already been filmed talking in English. He was then hired by Paramount Pictures to develop the Klingon language and coach the actors using it in Star Trek III: The Search for Spock, Star Trek V: The Final Frontier, and Star Trek VI: The Undiscovered Country. Okrand was later hired to create the Romulan and Vulcan dialogue for the 2009 Star Trek film, but these lines were cut from the final release. He was also involved in Star Trek Into Darkness, but only during post-production.
Okrand is the author of three books about Klingon – The Klingon Dictionary (first published 1985, revised enlarged edition 1992), The Klingon Way (1996), and Klingon for the Galactic Traveler (1997) – as well as two audio courses: Conversational Klingon (1992) and Power Klingon (1993). He has also co-authored the libretto of an opera in the Klingon language: , debuting at The Hague in September 2010. He speaks Klingon, but notes that others have attained greater fluency.
In 2018 he developed the language for the Kelpien race in the second season of Star Trek: Discovery (first appearing in the third Short Treks episode "The Brightest Star").
Atlantis: The Lost Empire
In 2001, Okrand created the Atlantean language for the Disney film Atlantis: The Lost Empire. He was also used as an early facial model for the protagonist's character design.
Notes
References
External links
Interview with Marc Okrand in the Wall Street Journal
1948 births
American opera librettists
Constructed language creators
Creators of writing systems
Linguists from the United States
Linguists of Klingon
Living people
People from Los Angeles
University of California, Berkeley alumni
University of California, Santa Cruz alumni |
Clarington is an unincorporated community in the township of Barnett, in Forest County, Pennsylvania, United States. The community is located on the north bank of the Clarion River at the Pennsylvania Route 899 bridge, north of Brookville. Clarington had a post office until it closed on February 20, 2004; it still has its own ZIP code, 15828.
References
Unincorporated communities in Forest County, Pennsylvania
Unincorporated communities in Pennsylvania |
Sharing the Dream is a 1974 short 16mm film which recorded the Black Theatre dance workshops in Redfern in 1973 taught by African American dancer Carole Y. Johnson.
Milena Damyanovic (also spelt Damjanovic) produced and directed the film. The executive producer was Caroline Jones. The film was released in 1974 and premiered at the 1975 International Women's Film Festival, the first of its kind in Australia and a one-off event. Initiated by the Sydney Women's Film Group, IWFF events were held in capital cities around the country.
Other dancers included Euphemia ("Phemie") Bostock, Wayne Nicol, and later Lucy Jumawan.
Footnotes
References
1974 films
Australian short documentary films
1970s short documentary films
Documentary films about dance
1970s English-language films |
Arizona Territory is a 1950 American Western film directed by Wallace Fox and written by Adele Buffington. The film stars Whip Wilson, Andy Clyde, Nancy Saunders, Dennis Moore, John Merton and Carol Henry. The film was released on July 2, 1950, by Monogram Pictures.
Plot
Cast
Whip Wilson as Jeff Malloy
Andy Clyde as Luke Watson
Nancy Saunders as Doris Devin
Dennis Moore as Greg Lance
John Merton as Otis Kilburn
Carol Henry as Joe
Carl Mathews as Steve Cramer
Frank Austin as Jud
Bud Osborne as Stableman
References
External links
1950 films
1950s English-language films
American Western (genre) films
1950 Western (genre) films
Monogram Pictures films
Films directed by Wallace Fox
American black-and-white films
1950s American films |
Srijana Regmi () (born December 28, 1992) is a Nepalese singer-songwriter, model, and actress.
She was a top-five finalist at the Miss Nepal 2016 beauty pageant and represented Nepal at the Miss Grand International 2014.
Srijana graduated in business studies from the Kathmandu College of Management.
Career
Srijana started her modeling career at the age of 20, when she first competed in Joy Papaya Glam Hunt where she won the main title and was chosen to represent Nepal at Miss Grand International 2014 in Sukhothai, Thailand.
Srijana walked at the Nepal Fashion Week from 2014 till 2016 and has appeared in Nepalese fashion magazines Wave, Nari, Naavyata, TNM Magazine, and Movers & Shakers Nepal, etc.
Srijana participated in the Miss Nepal 2016 competition as contestant number 16 and she won the sub title of Miss Talent and placed fourth overall in the contest.
Music
As of October 2023, three songs from her debut album "Dreams Under A Rhododendron Tree" have been released through her YouTube channel. The first song is titled 'Murder Mountain', the second song from her album is titled 'Floods in Spring' and the third song is titled "Mindless Missionaries".
References
"Asmi Shrestha won Miss Nepal 2016" Lagatar.com. Retrieved 8 April 2016.
External links
Official website
Dreams Under A Rhododendron Tree Album
1992 births
Living people
Miss Nepal winners
Nepalese female models
Nepalese film actresses
Actresses in Nepali cinema
21st-century Nepalese actresses
Nepalese beauty pageant winners
People from Sankhuwasabha District |
Arnold Edwin "Arnie" Kullman (October 9, 1927 – June 11, 1999) was a Canadian ice hockey centreman who played 13 National Hockey League (NHL) games with the Boston Bruins between 1948 and 1950 and 12 American Hockey League (AHL) seasons with Hershey Bears between 1948 and 1960. His jersey #9 is retired by the Bears.
Personal life
Kullman was born on October 9, 1927, in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. Kullman's grandson Justin is the former equipment manager of the Hershey Bears. He was also related to the late Eddie Kullman of the New York Rangers.
Career
Kullman made his professional ice hockey career debut with the Boston Bruins American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Hershey Bears, during the 1948–49 AHL season. In the following season, he was called up for a 14 game stint with the Boston Bruins of the National Hockey League, but was subsequently returned to Hershey on January 11, 1950. Kullman continued his dominance of the American Hockey League and recorded seven consecutive 20 goal seasons until 1956. Although his game slid after the 1955–56 season, he remained one of the few active 200 goal scorers and played on the Bears' penalty kill. He had a career high season during the 1953–54 campaign in which he recorded 81 points; 40 goals and 41 assists.
Throughout his 12 seasons with the Bears, Kullman dominated the Hershey Bears and set multiple records before officially retiring in April 1960. At the time of his retirement, Kullman ranked second in games played and goals, third in points and fourth in assists. Kullman died on June 11, 1999, in Hershey, Pennsylvania.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
Awards and achievements
Calder Cup (AHL) Championships (1958 & 1959)
Honoured Member of the Manitoba Hockey Hall of Fame
AHL All-Stars (1955)
References
External links
1927 births
1999 deaths
Boston Bruins players
Boston Olympics players
Brandon Elks players
Canadian ice hockey centres
Hershey Bears players
Ice hockey people from Winnipeg
Winnipeg Rangers players |
Tapasya is a 1992 Nepalese movie produced by Roshana Films. It is directed by Narayan Puri. It stars Saroj Khanal, Gauri Malla, Beena Basnet, and Karishma Manandhar in lead roles.
Cast
Nepalese drama films
Nepali-language films |
The Congressional Club (founded in 1908) is an historic clubhouse located at 2001 New Hampshire Avenue NW, Washington, D.C., in the U Street Corridor. The organization it hosts, which is the official club of congressional spouses, was created in May 1908 with the Sixtieth Congress passage of HR22029. The Congressional Club is the only club in the world to be incorporated by an act of Congress.
Since 1912, the club has hosted a luncheon honoring the First Lady of the United States. It is the largest annual event sponsored by the Club.
House
Built in 1917, the neoclassical clubhouse is designated a contributing property to the Sixteenth Street Historic District, an historic district listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978. The building was individually listed on the Register in 2011. Designed by George Oakley Totten Jr., the building is a clubhouse for congressional spouses. As part of her effort to enhance the area of 16th Street near her stone mansion, nicknamed Henderon Castle, Mary Foote Henderson played a large role in the design and location of the building.
Cookbook
The major fundraiser of the club is the Congressional Club Cookbook, or C3. It contains recipes from the members, for example Bess Truman's Ozark pudding.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Washington, D.C.
References
External links
Official website
Buildings and structures completed in 1914
Clubhouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.
Clubs and societies in Washington, D.C.
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Washington, D.C.
Neoclassical architecture in Washington, D.C. |
Stanhopea insignis is a species of orchid endemic to southern and southeastern Brazil. It is the type species of the genus Stanhopea.
References
External links
insignis
Endemic orchids of Brazil |
Eduardo Fernández (born 1952) is a Uruguayan classical guitarist, teacher and arranger-composer. He received prizes in the 1972 Porto Alegre and 1975 Radio France competitions, won the Premio Andrés Segovia in 1975 and debuted in New York in 1977. After his 1983 London debut, Fernández was signed by Decca Records. His textbook has been published in English as Technique, Mechanism, Learning (2002).
Selected discography
Bach, J.S.: Lute Suites (2 CDs) 1989 Decca Music Group Limited
Guitar Concerti Manuel Ponce, Heitor Villa-Lobos, Jaurés Lamarque Pons. ECO, conducted Enrique García Asensio. Decca 1990
The World of The Spanish Guitar Decca compilation 1992
Avant-garde guitar. Takemitsu: All in Twilight. Leo Brouwer: La espiral eterna. Britten: Nocturnal after John Dowland. Berio: Sequenza XI. Decca
References
Articles
Interview (1984), by Paul Magnussen
External links
60 Birthday Tribute Concert (Spanish)
Uruguayan classical guitarists
1952 births
Living people |
The 1943–44 season was Real Madrid Club de Fútbol's 41st season in existence and the club's 12th consecutive season in the top flight of Spanish football.
Summary
A new Executive Board arrived on 11 September 1943, and the club appointed Santiago Bernabéu as its new president. The squad finished seventh in the league, 12 points below champions Valencia. in the first season of Ramon Encinas as head coach. On 16 July 1944, the club played the only match in its history against UD Melilla (until 2018). After 11 years in the club, midfielder Sauto announced his retirement. In the Copa del Generalísimo, the squad was eliminated in the round of 16 by underdogs Granada CF after being shockingly defeated 0–2 in Madrid.
Squad
Transfers
Competitions
La Liga
Position by round
League table
Matches
Copa del Generalísimo
Round of 32
Round of 16
President's Cup of the Castellana Federation
Statistics
Squad statistics
Players statistics
References
Real Madrid CF seasons
Real Madrid CF |
Awake is the second studio album from Australian electronic DJ and Producer Alison Wonderland. It was released on 6 April 2018 via EMI Music Australia. The album features four singles: "Happy Place", "Church", "No" and "High". In August 2018, Wonderland announced a 4-date national tour commencing in Brisbane in November 2018.
At the ARIA Music Awards of 2018, the album was nominated for two awards; Best Female Artist and Best Dance Release.
Critical reception
Matt Collar from AllMusic said: "Showcasing the Aussie DJ's brightly effusive vocals and shimmering, propulsive electronic productions, Awake is an expansive, deeply felt album."
Singles
"Happy Place" was released on 9 November 2017 as the album's lead single alongside the album's announcement. She told Triple J: "I wrote it about me trying to find my 'Happy Place'." "Church" was released as the album's second single on 16 February 2018. The song has peaked at number 54 on the ARIA Singles Chart. "No" was released on 9 March 2018 and is about "fake people". "High" was released on 20 March 2018 as the album's fourth single.
Track listing
Charts
Release history
References
2018 albums
Alison Wonderland albums |
is a public university in Nayoro, Hokkaido, Japan. The school was established as a junior women's college in 1960, and it became a four-year college in 2006.
External links
Universities and colleges established in 1960
Public universities in Japan
Universities and colleges in Hokkaido
1960 establishments in Japan
Japanese junior colleges |
Nuclear Safety Commissions are governmental nuclear power and materials watchdogs and may refer to:
Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission
Japanese Nuclear Safety Commission, replaced by Nuclear Regulation Authority in 2012
Nuclear Safety Commission (Taiwan) |
Pharasmanes II the Valiant or the Brave () was a king of Iberia (Kartli) from the Pharnavazid dynasty, contemporary of the Roman emperor Hadrian (r. 117–138). Professor Cyril Toumanoff suggests AD 116–132 as the years of Pharasmanes’ reign. He features in several Classical accounts.
Life
The medieval Georgian annals report Pharasmanes' joint rule with Pharasmanes Avaz, diarchs (one source has the extra pair: Rok and Mihrdat), but several modern scholars consider the Iberian diarchy unlikely as it is not corroborated by the contemporary evidence. Pharasmanes is reported to have been the son of his predecessor, King Amazasp I. He is said to have married Ghadana, daughter of King Vologases I of Armenia. According to the medieval Life of Kings, the traditional friendship of the two dyarchs soured at the instigation of the Iranian wife of Mihrdat. Toumanoff regards this information a back-projection of the historically recorded enmity of Pharasmanes I of Iberia and his brother Mithridates of Armenia. The chronicle then continues a story of an Armenian-Roman alliance and their invasion of the Iranian-backed Iberia in which Pharasmanes finds his death.
Reign
The Georgian royal annals describe Pharasmanes in the following way:
The contemporary Classical authors, with more solid historical background, focus on Pharasmanes’ uneasy relations with Rome. He refused in 129 to come and pay homage to the emperor Hadrian.
According to the Aelius Spartianus, one of the authors of Augustan History:
Pharasmanes then went touring the East, and prompted the Alans to attack the neighboring Roman provinces by giving them a passage through his realm, even though the emperor had sent him greater gifts including a war elephant, than to any other king of the East. In his pique, Hadrian dressed some 300 criminals in the gold-embroidered cloaks which were part of the return gift of Pharasmanes, and sent them into the arena.
According to Spartianus:
Eventually, the ancient sources report a highly honored visit paid by Pharasmanes to Hadrian's successor Antoninus Pius. According to Cassius Dio, he came to Rome as guest of Antoninus Pius, together with his wife, son, and noble retinue where he was especially honored, being allowed to sacrifice in the Capitol and to have his equestrian statue in the temple of Bellona, and also the emperor increased the territory of his kingdom. This Pharasmanes, however, might have been Pharasmanes III, Pharasmanes II's possible grandson. This visit was recorded on a fragment of the Fasti Ostienses.
According to the Georgian royal annals King Pharasmanes was poisoned by the chef sent by the Parthians.
References
Sources
Pharnavazid kings of Iberia
2nd-century monarchs in Asia
Deaths by poisoning
2nd-century murdered monarchs
Deaths from food poisoning
Assassinated heads of state in Europe |
"Rescue Me" is a song by American band OneRepublic, released as the lead single from their fifth studio album Human through Interscope Records and Mosley Music Group on May 17, 2019.
Promotion
The band announced the single on May 14, sharing a clip of a boy looking at a large waterfall before "eerie" music plays as the release date is shown.
Music video
The music video shows a young boy, the protagonist, being chased by a group of bullies older than him. When he seems to have no escape, he begins to dance and discovers that he has powers, which he will use to overcome them.
It was directed by Christian Lamb and choreographed by Sherri Silver and was shot in Silverton, Oregon. It features Cody Bingham from Dancing with the Stars: Juniors as the young boy.
The music video was released on May 17, 2019, and currently has almost 140 million views (December 2022).
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Release history
References
2019 singles
2019 songs
OneRepublic songs
Songs written by Ryan Tedder
Songs written by Brent Kutzle
Song recordings produced by Ryan Tedder
Mosley Music Group singles
Interscope Records singles |
This is a list of Austrian European Film Award winners and nominees. This list details the performances of Austrian actors, actresses, and films that have either been submitted or nominated for, or have won, a European Film Award.
Awards and nominations
Nominations – 52
Wins – 15
Special awards
See also
List of Austrian submissions for the Academy Award for Best International Feature Film
References
External links
Nominees and winners at the European Film Academy website
Austria
European Film Awards |
El heredero de Casa Pruna (, Catalan: L’hereu de Can Pruna) is a Spanish short silent film directed by Segundo de Chomón. It was shot in Barcelona in 1904 and released in Spain the same year, making it the first Spanish comedy film.
Plot
In a small village, a young man dressed in a grotesque fashion asks a scrivener to write for him the following notice: "The heir of the Pruna house would like to get married. You can meet him at the Chicha-Chic farm in Horta. He shall have a laurel branch at his buttonhole". The notice is posted on the wall and soon a group of women gather to read it. The young man waits with a very large branch of laurel in front of his house and soon a large crowd of women assembles. He runs away chased by the women, gets out of the property through a big gate, climbs over a wall, falls down a steep slope, steals a man's bicycle and rides away only to fall down very soon, continues running down a lane and through an orchard, before arriving at a fountain. All along the women run behind him. The last seconds of the film are missing but it is likely that he would fall into the water.
Production and analysis
The film was inspired by several films based on a similar plot which were produced in the USA during 1904, notably Personal, directed by Wallace McCutcheon Sr., How a French Nobleman Got a Wife through the New York Herald ‘Personal’ Column directed by Edwin S. Porter, or Meet Me at the Fountain, directed by Sigmund Lubin. De Chomón transposed the action to Spain and filmed it on various locations around Horta, which has now become a district of Barcelona.
The film is composed of 13 shots, one of them being interrupted by a close-up of the notice written by the scrivener. Each of the shots shows a different outdoor location. All the shots are wide shots except one medium shot of the main protagonist. The chase is filmed from three different angles: 1) the camera facing the runners, 2) at a 45° angle, 3) laterally, in that case the camera briefly pans to follow the action, a camera movement quite innovative for the time.
Preservation
The film was considered lost until 2002 when a nitrate copy was found, with only the last seconds missing, in the archives of the Cinema Museum of Girona.
References
External links
El heredero de Casa Pruna at A Cinema History
1904 films
Spanish black-and-white films
Films directed by Segundo de Chomón |
Sunder Sham Arora (born 15 June 1958) is an Indian politician and a member of INC. In 2017, he was elected as the member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly from Hoshiarpur. He was arrested by vigilance while attempting to bribe officials in corruption cases.
Constituency
He won the Hoshiarpur seat on an INC ticket, he beat the member of the Punjab Legislative Assembly Tikshan Sud of the BJP by over 11233 votes.
References
Living people
Indian politicians
Punjab, India MLAs 2017–2022
1978 births
Indian National Congress politicians
People from Punjab, India
Indian National Congress politicians from Punjab, India |
Ferry Village is a hamlet in the town of Grand Island in Erie County, New York, United States.
References
Hamlets in New York (state)
Hamlets in Erie County, New York |
Morgan County Schools is the operating school district within Morgan County, West Virginia. It is governed by the Morgan County Board of Education.
Schools
High schools
Berkeley Springs High School
Paw Paw High School
Middle schools
Warm Springs Middle School
Intermediate schools
Warm Springs Intermediate School
Elementary schools
Paw Paw Elementary School
Pleasant View Elementary School]]
Widmyer Elementary School
Schools no longer in operation
Great Cacapon Elementary School
Greenwood Elementary School
Magnolia School
North Berkeley Primary School
External links
Morgan County Schools
School districts in West Virginia |
Dean Football Club, sometimes referred to as Kilmarnock Dean, was an association football club from Kilmarnock in Ayrshire.
History
The club was founded in 1874 and took its name from a castle near Kilmarnock. As the club had its meetings at Robertson's Temperance Hotel, it may have had links with the Temperance Movement. The club only ever played 7 competitive fixtures; 4 in the Scottish Cup and 3 in the Ayrshire Cup. The club lost 6 of these fixtures. The biggest recorded win for the club is a 3–0 home win against St Andrew's of Kilmarnock in a friendly in 1875.
Its Scottish Cup results grew progressively worse in its first three years of entry. In 1876–77, the club was let down by its nominated umpire, in a 3–2 defeat against Girvan played at Eglinton Park in Ayr; the Dean players disputed the winner for Girvan, which the Girvan umpire had given as a goal, but, as the Dean umpire could not make up his mind either way, the referee gave the goal.
The following season the club lost 6–0 at Kilbirnie, the home team penning Dean in its goal area for 35 minutes before the first goal. In 1878–79 the club suffered its worst defeat, 9–0 to Portland.
Its last Scottish Cup tie, in 1879–80, against Mauchline at Holm Quarry (the home of Kilmarnock Athletic), ended 3–1 to the village side, Alex Robertson scoring Dean's only competitive goal when the club was 2–0 down.
The club's first Ayrshire Cup tie came in the first season of the competition. Dean was favoured to beat the newly founded Hawthorn club at home, but, in a "very fast" game, the visitors won 1–0. In 1878–79, the club lost 1–0 at the village side of Coylton Coila.
In the 1879–80 competition the club finally avoided a defeat, drawing 0–0 against Mauchline in the first round, but the club was then disqualified, as the Ayrshire Football Association found the club at fault for not arranging a replay within the competition deadline.
The club did not enter the Ayrshire Cup again, and the last known reference to the club is its being drawn at home to Auchinleck Boswell in the 1881–82 Scottish Cup.
Colours
The club wore royal blue shirts and white knickerbockers.
Ground
The club played at Hillhead, off Kilmaurs Road.
References
Dean
Sport in Kilmarnock
Association football clubs established in 1874
Association football clubs disestablished in 1881
1874 establishments in Scotland
1881 disestablishments in Scotland |
David T. Clydesdale (born 1954) is an American musical artist, songwriter, arranger, and conductor. A recipient of a Grammy Award and Dove Award, he has received five gold record certifications, and one platinum record. Since 1974, he has collaborated with and written songs for notable Christian music artists, such as Steve Green, Sandi Patty, Dottie Rambo, Debby Boone, Dino, Point of Grace, as well as mainstream acts such as the US Army Band Chorus, and Hallmark Card’s Christmas albums. He is perhaps best known for his Christmas musicals, although he has written several Easter musicals as well. He has also created works for Six Flags Amusement Parks and Walt Disney World Productions.
References
http://www.clydesdalemusicgroup.com/
http://wordmusic.com/choral/clydesdale.html?label=1892&limit=20&mode=list&voicing=1411
20th-century American musicians
American writers about music
American record producers
1954 births
Living people |
The Mongolian People's Party (MPP) is a social democratic political party in Mongolia. It was founded as a communist party in 1920 by Mongolian revolutionaries and is the oldest political party in Mongolia. The party played an important role in the Mongolian Revolution of 1921, which was inspired by the Bolsheviks' October Revolution. Following independence, it governed Mongolia as a one-party socialist state. The party changed its name to the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP) and joined the Communist International in 1924 and served as a sole-ruling party of the Mongolian People's Republic.
As the MPRP, the party was organized on the basis of democratic centralism, a principle conceived by Vladimir Lenin which entails democratic and open discussion on policy on the condition of unity in upholding the agreed upon policies. The highest body of the party was the Party Congress, convened every fifth year. When the Party Congress was not in session, the Central Committee was the highest body, but since they met normally only once a year, most duties and responsibilities are vested in the Politburo and its Standing Committee. The party's leader has been titled General Secretary, Chairman, Secretary, and First Secretary. The party previously followed Marxism-Leninism, a synthesis of the ideas of Karl Marx and Lenin introduced by Joseph Stalin in 1929, under which the industries of Mongolia were nationalized and a planned economy was implemented.
Following the Mongolian Revolution of 1990, other political parties in Mongolia were legalised and the country transitioned into a multi-party democracy. The party subsequently abandoned Marxism–Leninism in favour of democratic socialism. In 2010, party members voted to adopt social democracy as the party's ideology and restore the party's original name, dropping the word "revolutionary". This caused a faction to split away and form a new party to retain the long-standing name; the two parties reunited in 2021.
The party remained as Mongolia's governing party after the 1990 revolution, until it was defeated in the 1996 election. From 2004 to 2008, it was a part of a coalition government with the Democratic Party and Motherland Party. From 2008 to 2012, the party participated in another coalition with the Democratic Party, although it had a majority in the Mongolian legislature. It became the main opposition party after the 2012 election. The party returned to power following the 2016 election and retained its majority in the 2020 election.
History
Background
In 1911, Outer Mongolia declared its independence from the Qing dynasty after over two centuries of Qing rule. However, the independence of the Bogd Khanate did not last since it was not recognized by its two neighbors (Russia and China) and was considered an autonomous region under Chinese sovereignty or suzerainty. In 1919, Mongolia was invaded by the Chinese Beiyang government and by White Russian forces in 1921.
1921 revolution
During the occupation two groups, known as the Consular Hill (Konsulyn denj) and East Khuree (Züün khüree), formed as resistance movements. On 25 June 1920, the groups united as the Mongolian People's Party and decided to send seven representatives to the Soviet Union, who met with Soviet representatives in Irkutsk in August. On 1 March 1921, the party formed in Kyakhta (claiming to be Mongolia's first political party) and formed a provisional government.
On 18 March, the Mongolian People's Army under Damdin Sükhbaatar defeated Chinese forces and took Kyakhta. In May, the White Russian Baron Ungern brought his forces north from Ikh Khuree and were defeated by joint Mongolian People's Army and Red Army forces. On 25 June 1921, the Mongolian People’s Party issued a statement to all Mongolians about its decision to liberate the capital by force. The forces entered the capital on 6 July and declared independence on 11 July. Following advice from the Communist International, the party renamed itself the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party in 1924.
Armed uprising and purges
In 1928, Mongolian politics turned sharply left and began to adhere to communist ideology. Livestock herds were forcibly collectivized, private trade and transport forbidden and monasteries and the nobility were attacked. With state-run trade and transport unable to function, Mongolia's economy broke down—over seven million head of livestock dead, leading to widespread unrest in 1932. The uprising was quelled in October after the involvement of Mongolian and Soviet armies, tanks and planes.
The first wave of purges began with the 1933 Lkhümbe affair, a manufactured conspiracy linking party secretary Jambyn Lkhümbe with Japanese spy networks. Over 1,500 people were purged, many of whom were executed. Victims included Prime Minister Peljidiin Genden, who was enthusiastic about the liberalisation of the economy. In 1936, Genden was removed from power and executed in the Soviet Union. Khorloogiin Choibalsan, a staunch ally of Joseph Stalin, gained power.
Between 1937 and 1939, a second wave of purges began, with 25,437 people officially arrested and 20,099 executed. The actual number of victims has been estimated at over 35,000 to 100,000. Over 18,000 were lamas, resulting in the virtual destruction of the Buddhist clergy. Between 1940 and 1955, those who were complicit in the earlier purges were themselves purged.
Under Choibalsan's rule, improvements in Mongolia's infrastructure, roads and communications were made with Soviet assistance and steps were taken to improve the country's literacy rate. The 11th party congress was held in December 1947, approving Mongolia's first five-year plan to intensify development of the economy, industry, animal husbandry and agriculture in stages.
In 1952, Khorloogiin Choibalsan died and Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal gained power. Tsedenbal purged his political rivals: Dashiin Damba in 1958–1959, Daramyn Tömör-Ochir in 1962, Luvsantserengiin Tsend in 1963 and the Lookhuuz-Nyambuu-Surmaajav anti-party group in December 1964. His foreign policy was marked by efforts to bring Mongolia into closer cooperation with the Soviet Union and attempts to incorporate the country into the Soviet Union. Tsedenbal's attempts to make Mongolia the 16th Republic of the Soviet Union met strong opposition from other politicians and he was accused of treachery. During the Sino-Soviet split, Tsedenbal sided with the Soviet Union, incurring Chinese wrath. He is remembered for maintaining a path of moderate socialism during the Cold War.
1990 Democratic Revolution
In August 1984, Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal was forced into retirement in a Soviet-sponsored move, allegedly due to age and mental state. Jambyn Batmönkh took power that month as the party and national leader.
The first open pro-democracy demonstration took place in front of the Youth Cultural Center in Ulaanbaatar on 10 December 1989. Over the next few months, the demonstration organizers founded Mongoliin Ardchilsan Kholboo (the Mongolian Democratic Union) and continued to organize demonstrations, rallies, protests and hunger, teachers' and workers' strikes in the capital and the countryside calling for democracy, receiving increased support from Mongolians nationwide.
On 7 March 1990 in Sükhbaatar Square, the Mongolian Democratic Union launched a hunger strike urging the communists to resign. The party's politburo, the governmental authority, eventually yielded to pressure and began negotiating with the pro-democracy leaders. Jambyn Batmönkh, chairman of the party's politburo, decided to dissolve it and resign on 9 March 1990. This paved the way for Mongolia's first multi-party elections.
Behind the scenes, the party considered cracking down on the protesters and formulated a decree to be signed by party leader Batmönkh. Batmönkh opposed it, maintaining his policy of never using force (). According to those present, Batmönkh said "I will never sign this. We few Mongols have not yet come to the point that we will make each other's noses bleed", struck the table and left the room.
In the 1990 elections, parties contended for 430 seats in the Great Khural, but opposition parties were unable to nominate enough candidates. The Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party won 357 seats in the Great Khural and 31 of 53 seats in the Small Khural (which was later abolished). The new MPRP government under Dashiin Byambasüren shared power with the democrats, implementing constitutional and economic reforms and adopting a new constitution in 1992. With the collapse of the Soviet Union (which had provided significant economic aid to Mongolia until 1990), the country experienced severe economic problems. In the 1993 Mongolian presidential elections, the MPRP was defeated for the first time in its history—Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat, the candidate backed by the democratic parties, received two-thirds of the vote.
The Democratic Union Coalition, co-led by Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj as chairman of the Democratic Party, won the 1996 parliamentary elections for the first time. In 2000, 2004 and 2008, the MPRP won the legislative elections and was the ruling party. It formed two coalition governments with the Democratic Party, from 2004 to 2008 and 2008 to 2012. In 2003, the MPRP joined the Socialist International.
The 2008 parliamentary elections were especially controversial, with the MPRP accused of vote-rigging. Protests against the results turned violent on 1 July and a riot broke out at MPRP headquarters which was half-heartedly addressed by authorities—the party headquarters was destroyed by fire. After the riots, a five-day state of emergency was declared by President Nambaryn Enkhbayar for the first time in Mongolia's history. Five civilians died during the emergency: four were shot and the fifth allegedly died from carbon-monoxide poisoning. The Mongolian Minister of Justice estimated that 220 civilians and 108 service members were injured. With the situation tense, the MPRP decided to admit the Democratic Party into the government and formed a coalition. The party demolished its headquarters and built its Independence Palace () with government subsidies and donations from party members; the building became fully operational on 26 November 2011.
In the 2009 Mongolian presidential election, Democratic Party candidate Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj defeated MPRP candidate and incumbent president Nambaryn Enkhbayar. In January 2012, the Democratic Party decided to leave the coalition government before the June parliamentary elections. In the 2012 parliamentary elections, the Democratic Party defeated the MPP; the MPP became the opposition, with 26 seats in parliament. In the 2012 local elections in Ulaanbaatar, the provinces and districts, the MPP was defeated for the first time in Mongolia's history. In the 2013 Mongolian presidential election, the Democratic Party candidate and incumbent president Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj again defeated the MPP candidate.
The MPP returned to power in 2016, winning an 85-percent majority of parliamentary seats. Prime Minister Chimed Saikhanbileg and parliament chairman Zandaakhuu Enkhbold were defeated, with the MPP's Jargaltulga Erdenebat elected to succeed Saikhanbileg.
Name restoration
The restoration of the party name to the Mongolian People’s Party had been at the core of discussions among party members and at party congresses since 1990. In 2010, it was extensively deliberated at all party levels, resulting on 81.3 percent of the membership supporting the restoration of the Mongolian People’s Party name and 10.7 percent of the membership wanting to deliberate the matter during the 26th party congress. The decision to restore the party's original name was approved by 99.3 percent of the delegates to the 26th party congress. At the congress, the party’s political ideology was refocused from democratic socialism to social democracy.
After the MPRP restored its original name, former Mongolian president and MPRP chairman Nambaryn Enkhbayar founded a new political party in 2010. Enkhbayar received permission to use the name Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party for his new party from the Supreme Court of Mongolia on 24 June 2011.
Victory in the 2020 and 2021 elections
The MPP won a landslide victory in the 2020 parliamentary election. The party's election platform had six chapters and addresses population income, economic policy, governance, green development policy, Ulaanbaatar city development, and regional development policy. The election result marked the first time a single party has retained an absolute majority in consecutive elections. Previously the Mongolian People's Party and the Democratic Party had taken turns wielding a majority in the State Great Khural or were compelled to form coalition governments.
In June 2021, former prime minister Ukhnaa Khurelsukh of the MPP became the country's sixth democratically elected president after winning the presidential election, further consolidating the party's power in the Mongolian government.
Leaders
Soliin Danzan (1921)
Ajvaagiin Danzan (1922–1924)
Tseren-Ochiryn Dambadorj (1924–1928)
Bat-Ochiryn Eldev-Ochir (1928–1930)
Peljidiin Genden (1928–1932)
Dorjjavyn Luvsansharav (1932–1937)
Banzarjavyn Baasanjav (1936–1940)
Yumjaagiin Tsedenbal (1940–1954; 1958–1984)
Dashiin Damba (February–April 1940; 1954–1958)
Jambyn Batmönkh (1985–1990)
Gombojavyn Ochirbat (1990–1991)
Büdragchaagiin Dash-Yondon (1991–1996)
Natsagiin Bagabandi (February–June 1997)
Nambaryn Enkhbayar (1997–2005)
Miyeegombyn Enkhbold (2005–2007)
Sanjaagiin Bayar (2007–2009)
Sükhbaataryn Batbold (2010–2012)
Ölziisaikhany Enkhtüvshin (2012–2013)
Miyeegombyn Enkhbold (2013–2017)
Ukhnaagiin Khürelsükh (2017–2021)
Luvsannamsrain Oyun-Erdene (2021–current)
Electoral history
Presidential elections
State Great Khural elections
Little Khural elections
Notes
References
External links
Parties of one-party systems
Political parties in Mongolia |
Frame (or "frAme") is the seventh studio album by progressive metal Italian band DGM. It is the first album without lead vocalist Titta Tani. Mark Basile replaced Titta and took part in the album composition with producer/guitarist Simone Mularoni. The album was released on February 23, 2009, and its first single is "Hereafter".
Track listing
All music written by Mark Basile and Simone Mularoni.
Personnel
Fabio Costantino – drums
Andrea Arcangeli – bass
Simone Mularoni – guitars, orchestration, producing, recording, mixing, mastering
Emanuele Casali – keyboards, recording
Mark Basile – vocals, final keyboard solo in Rest in Peace
Additional personnel
Simone Bertozzi – growl vocals on No Looking Back
Giuseppe "Dualized" Bassi – intro performing on Heartache
Diego Reali – mid guitar solo on Heartache
References
2009 albums
DGM (band) albums
Scarlet Records albums |
Sascha Lense (born 5 October 1975) is a German football coach and former player.
He made nearly 100 appearances in the 2. Bundesliga in the 1990s. On 7 December 2021, Lense was hired by Manchester United as a sports psychologist to work under interim manager Ralf Rangnick.
On 16 October, Lense was appointed the performance manager at Sheffield Wednesday.
References
External links
1975 births
Living people
German men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Germany men's youth international footballers
2. Bundesliga players
FSV Frankfurt players
FSV Zwickau players
SpVgg Unterhaching players
Dynamo Dresden players
SV Darmstadt 98 players
Manchester United F.C. non-playing staff
Sheffield Wednesday F.C. non-playing staff |
Mentzelia leucophylla, known by the common name Ash Meadows blazingstar, is a rare species of flowering plant in the Loasaceae. It is endemic to southwestern Nevada, in the Western United States.
Distribution
The locally endemic plant is only known from southern Nye County in southwestern Nevada. It is one of several rare plants only found at (endemic to) Ash Meadows in the Amargosa Desert, an area with a unique desert wetland ecosystem. It is threatened by habitat degradation, and it is federally listed as a threatened species.
Description
Mentzelia leucophylla is a biennial or perennial herb growing up to tall. The stem and herbage are coated in tiny white hairs, making them pale and velvety.
The wide inflorescence bears bright yellow flowers in May through September. The flowers open for a short time in the afternoon.
Ash Meadows
Ash Meadows is a stretch of desert floor with areas of wetland habitat kept moist by springs and seeps originating from a supply of groundwater under the Amargosa Valley. This water supports a variety of flora and fauna, including many rare and endemic taxa such as Ash Meadows milkvetch (Astragalus phoenix) and Ash Meadows sunray (Enceliopsis nudicaulis var. corrugata), which are found growing alongside the Ash Meadows blazingstar. A portion of the habitat is protected within the Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge, a unit in the regional Desert National Wildlife Refuge Complex.
The substrate is fine-grained sand and clay crusted with salt and alkaline in pH. The area is generally dominated by shadscale (Atriplex confertifolia) and associated halophytic vegetation.
For many decades the Ash Meadows area has been disturbed by a number of human activities, including peat mining, construction of roads, real estate development, and agricultural practices such as plowing, water diversion, and grazing. The pumping of groundwater proved to be a serious threat, as it lowered the high water table that supports the ecosystem.
See also
Ash Meadows National Wildlife Refuge
References
External links
leucophylla
Flora of Nevada
Endemic flora of the United States
Amargosa Desert
Natural history of the Mojave Desert
Desert National Wildlife Refuge Complex
Natural history of Nye County, Nevada
Critically endangered flora of the United States
Taxa named by Townshend Stith Brandegee |
The Zacherl factory (Zacherlfabrik) is a former factory in the 19th district of Vienna, Döbling. It was built in an oriental style.
History
Johann Zacherl began importing insecticide made from pyrethrum from Tiflis in 1842. In 1870, he started to produce moth powder in Unterdöbling, which he sold under the name Zacherl’s insect-killing tincture (Zacherlin). By 1873, the four employees in his factory were already producing 600 tonnes of Zacherlin per year, which were sold in Zacherl’s shops in Paris, Istanbul, Amsterdam, London, New York and Philadelphia.
In 1880, Zacherl left the company to his son John Evangelist. The factory in Unterdöbling was rebuilt between 1888 and 1892 to produce insecticide. The street-facing administrative wing of the building, which was designed by Karl Mayreder, is a rare example of commercially motivated Orientalism in European architecture. The Yenidze cigarette factory in Dresden is another example of this trend.
The ceramic tiles that were used in the facade and on the roof of the Zacherl factory were produced by the Wienerberger AG.
Johann Evangelist Zacherl expanded the Zacherl company’s activities from the production of insecticide to include the cleaning, repair and storage of fur and rugs. Between 1903 and 1905, he built the Zacherlhaus at the Wildpretmarkt.
Following World War I, sales of insecticide were stunted by expensive import taxes and the growth of chemical industries. After Johann Evangelist Zacherl’s death in 1936, his son Gregor Zacherl took control of the family factory, which from 1933 also produced ski bindings, but in 1949 Gregor Zacherl surrendered his merchant’s licence. He died in 1954 and the name Zacherl was removed from the register of companies in 1958.
The factory building and its gardens stood empty for several decades, until in 2006 Veronika and Peter Zacherl, in cooperation with the Jesuit art fund, opened the former factory up for artistic projects. Since then, exhibitions and music soirees have been held in the building every summer.
References
Christine Klusacek, Kurt Stimmer: Döbling. Vom Gürtel zu den Weinbergen. Schmid, Wien 1988, .
Stefan Koppelkamm: Exotische Architekturen im 18. und 19. Jahrhundert. Ausstellungskatalog Stuttgart 1987. Ernst, Berlin 1987, , .
Felix Czeike: Historisches Lexikon Wien, volume 5. Verlag Kremayr & Scheriau, Wien 1997, ,
External links
Offizielle Webseite der Zacherlfabrik
Text zur Zacherlfabrik
Buildings and structures in Döbling
Cultural venues in Vienna |
Miguel Núñez (born 1 December 1947) is a Dominican Republic middle-distance runner. He competed in the men's 1500 metres at the 1968 Summer Olympics.
References
1947 births
Living people
Athletes (track and field) at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Dominican Republic male middle-distance runners
Olympic athletes for the Dominican Republic
Place of birth missing (living people) |
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<h2><span class="refentrytitle">Struct begin</span></h2>
<p>boost::proto::functional::begin — A <a class="link" href="../../../PolymorphicFunctionObject.html" title="Concept PolymorphicFunctionObject">PolymorphicFunctionObject</a> type that invokes the
<code class="computeroutput">boost::begin()</code> accessor function on its arguments.</p>
</div>
<h2 xmlns:rev="path_to_url~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" class="refsynopsisdiv-title">Synopsis</h2>
<div xmlns:rev="path_to_url~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" class="refsynopsisdiv"><pre class="synopsis"><span class="comment">// In header: <<a class="link" href="../../../proto/reference.html#header.boost.proto.functional.range.begin_hpp" title="Header <boost/proto/functional/range/begin.hpp>">boost/proto/functional/range/begin.hpp</a>>
</span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a class="link" href="begin.html" title="Struct begin">begin</a> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword"></span> <a class="link" href="../callable.html" title="Struct callable">proto::callable</a> <span class="special">{</span>
<span class="comment">// member classes/structs/unions</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> This<span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">typename</span> Range<span class="special">></span>
<span class="keyword">struct</span> <a class="link" href="begin/resu_1_3_33_5_19_2_1_1_1_4.html" title="Struct template result<This(Range)>">result</a><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">This</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">Range</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="special">:</span> <span class="keyword"></span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">range_iterator</span><span class="special"><</span>
<span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">remove_reference</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">Range</span><span class="special">></span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">type</span>
<span class="special">></span>
<span class="special">{</span>
<span class="special">}</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="comment">// <a class="link" href="begin.html#id-1_3_33_5_19_2_1_1_1_5-bb">public member functions</a></span>
<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> Range<span class="special">></span>
<span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">range_iterator</span><span class="special"><</span> <span class="identifier">Range</span> <span class="special">></span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">type</span> <a class="link" href="begin.html#id-1_3_33_5_19_2_1_1_1_5_1-bb"><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span></a><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">Range</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> Range<span class="special">></span>
<span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">range_iterator</span><span class="special"><</span> <span class="identifier">Range</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">></span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">type</span>
<a class="link" href="begin.html#id-1_3_33_5_19_2_1_1_1_5_2-bb"><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span></a><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">Range</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span><span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span>
<span class="special">}</span><span class="special">;</span></pre></div>
<div class="refsect1">
<a name="id-1.3.33.5.21.4.4"></a><h2>Description</h2>
<p>
A <a class="link" href="../../../PolymorphicFunctionObject.html" title="Concept PolymorphicFunctionObject">PolymorphicFunctionObject</a> type that invokes the
<code class="computeroutput">boost::begin()</code> accessor function on its arguments.</p>
<div class="refsect2">
<a name="id-1.3.33.5.21.4.4.3"></a><h3>
<a name="id-1_3_33_5_19_2_1_1_1_5-bb"></a><code class="computeroutput">begin</code> public member functions</h3>
<div class="orderedlist"><ol class="orderedlist" type="1">
<li class="listitem">
<pre class="literallayout"><span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> Range<span class="special">></span>
<span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">range_iterator</span><span class="special"><</span> <span class="identifier">Range</span> <span class="special">></span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">type</span> <a name="id-1_3_33_5_19_2_1_1_1_5_1-bb"></a><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">Range</span> <span class="special">&</span> rng<span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span></pre>
<div class="variablelist"><table border="0" class="variablelist compact">
<colgroup>
<col align="left" valign="top">
<col>
</colgroup>
<tbody><tr>
<td><p><span class="term">Returns:</span></p></td>
<td><p><code class="computeroutput">boost::begin(rng)</code></p></td>
</tr></tbody>
</table></div>
</li>
<li class="listitem">
<pre class="literallayout"><span class="keyword">template</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">typename</span> Range<span class="special">></span>
<span class="keyword">typename</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">range_iterator</span><span class="special"><</span> <span class="identifier">Range</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">></span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">type</span>
<a name="id-1_3_33_5_19_2_1_1_1_5_2-bb"></a><span class="keyword">operator</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="special">)</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">Range</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="special">&</span> rng<span class="special">)</span> <span class="keyword">const</span><span class="special">;</span></pre>
<div class="variablelist"><table border="0" class="variablelist compact">
<colgroup>
<col align="left" valign="top">
<col>
</colgroup>
<tbody><tr>
<td><p><span class="term">Returns:</span></p></td>
<td><p><code class="computeroutput">boost::begin(rng)</code></p></td>
</tr></tbody>
</table></div>
</li>
</ol></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<table xmlns:rev="path_to_url~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr>
<td align="left"></td>
file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="path_to_url" target="_top">path_to_url
</p>
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``` |
Acker and Evans Law Office (also known as Ogdensburg Bank) is a historic office building in Ogdensburg, New York, United States. It is a rectangular Greek Revival style structure with a facade of smooth-faced, locally quarried white marble. It was built about 1830 as a bank, then used as a ticket agency, insurance office, express office, and finally as a law office.
It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.
See also
Clinton–Rosekrans Law Building: NRHP listing in Greene (Village), New York
Heermance House and Law Office: NRHP listing in Rhinecliff, New York
National Register of Historic Places listings in St. Lawrence County, New York
References
Office buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Commercial buildings completed in 1830
Buildings and structures in St. Lawrence County, New York
1830 establishments in New York (state)
National Register of Historic Places in St. Lawrence County, New York
Law offices
Bank buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Greek Revival architecture in New York (state)
Legal history of New York (state)
New York State Register of Historic Places in St. Lawrence County |
Somali coup d'état may refer to:
1978 Somali coup d'état attempt
1969 Somali coup d'état |
Joseph-Isidore Bédard (January 9, 1806 – April 14, 1833) was a lawyer and political figure in Lower Canada.
He was born in Quebec City in 1806, the son of Pierre-Stanislas Bédard, and studied at the Séminaire de Nicolet, where he was a brilliant student. He articled in law with Georges-Barthélemi Faribault and was called to the bar in 1829. He was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Saguenay in 1830. He opposed an elected legislative council and voted against the expulsion of Robert Christie from the assembly.
Bédard wrote the words to the patriotic song Sol Canadien! Terre chérie!, first published in the Quebec Gazette.
Bédard travelled to England with Denis-Benjamin Viger in 1831. In September 1832, when he was about to return to Lower Canada, he suffered a haemorrhage of the lungs. He died in Paris in 1833 and was buried in the cemetery at Montmartre.
His brother Elzéar was a judge and also served in the legislative assembly.
References
External links
Pierre Bédard et ses fils, N-E Dionne (1909)
1806 births
1833 deaths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
19th-century Canadian poets
Canadian male poets
Burials at Montmartre Cemetery
Canadian poets in French
19th-century Canadian male writers |
The Blonde Around the Corner () is a 1984 Soviet romantic comedy directed by Vladimir Bortko. It tells the story of an astrophysicist who begins to work at a grocery store where he falls in love with a saleswoman. The film became Bortko's breakthrough.
Plot
Former astrophysicist Nikolai Gavrilovich (Andrey Mironov) who spent fifteen years in a fruitless search for extraterrestrial life, neither aspiring or succeeding to acquire material wealth in life, by fate gets the post of a porter at a local self-service supermarket, where he falls in love with Nadezhda (Tatyana Dogileva), a cute blonde salesgirl of the gastronomic department, whom as it turned out, he saw every morning at the bus stop. She is also fond of him. It is immediately obvious that the businesslike and living below her means Nadezhda is the antithesis of Nikolai — she is practical, penetrating, knows all the "right people" (and she herself is such — due to her access to coveted food products). But at the same time she is a hopeless romantic and listens to Nikolai's stories about his scientific quests.
Charming Nadezhda as a salesperson is a genuine authority on the "real" life, to which she seeks to involve Nikolai, and sincerely does not understand his stubborn opposition towards her efforts. But she has decided everything and has all planned out. However, unable to cope with his new status and in such an atmosphere, Nikolai runs away from his own wedding.
After receiving a positive confirmation concerning his line of research, he returns to his old job and is leaving for a research trip to the Far North ... Nadezhda promises to get a radio telescope which is required for her beau's work, but is very difficult to obtain, and goes along with him.
Cast
Tatyana Dogileva as Nadezhda, shopgirl
Andrey Mironov as Nikolay Gavrilovich Poryvaev, scientist-astronomer
Mark Prudkin as Gavrila Maksimovich, Nikolay's father
Yevgeniya Khanayeva as Tatyana Vasilyevna, Nikolay's mother
Yelena Solovey as Regina, Nikolay's former bride
Anatoly Slivnikov as Gena 'Crocodile', Nadezhda's brother
Baadur Tsuladze as Rashid Rashidovich, head of meat department store
Anatoly Ravikovich as store clerk
Aleksei Zharkov as store clerk (voice by Yevgeny Kindinov)
Pavel Kadochnikov as Ogurtsov, scientist-astronomer, Nikolay's chief (voice by Igor Efimov)
References
External links
1984 romantic comedy films
1984 films
Films directed by Vladimir Bortko
1980s Russian-language films
Soviet romantic comedy films
Russian romantic comedy films |
Musical languages are constructed languages based on musical sounds, which tend to incorporate articulation. Unlike tonal languages, focused on stress, and whistled languages, focused on pitch bends, musical languages distinguish pitches or rhythms. Whistled languages are dependent on an underlying spoken languages and are used in various cultures as a means for communication over distance, or as secret codes. The mystical concept of a language of the birds tries to connect the two categories, since some authors of musical a priori languages have speculated about a mystical or primeval origin of the whistled languages.
Constructed musical languages
There are only a few language families as of now such as the Solresol language family, Moss language family, and Nibuzigu language family.
The Solresol family is a family of a posteriori languages (usually English) where a sequence of 7 notes of the western C-Major scale or the 12 tone chromatic scale are used as phonemes.
Domila
Eaiea
Sarus
Solresol
Moss (language) is a pidgin built out of melodic shapes.
The Nibuzigu family
Kobaïan is a language constructed by Christian Vander of the band Magma, which uses elements of Slavic and Germanic languages, but is based primarily on 'sonorities, not on applied meanings'.
Musically influenced languages
Hymmnos
In fiction
Voyage to Faremido
In Film and other Media
Close Encounters of the Third Kind
See also
Tonal language
Whistled language
References
External links
"Domila" at forum.unilang.org/viewtopic.php?t=30169
Koestner Bruce. "Eaiea". eaiea.com BizHosting. |
Whitebear Whittington or White Bear Whittington is a character that appears in American folktales. He sometimes appears as a bear that marries a human maiden, in folktales of the Animal as Bridegroom type, a set of tales related to Cupid and Psyche.
Analysis
According to American folklorist Leonard W. Roberts, the name "Whitebear Whittington" appears in stories told in New York, North Carolina, and the Ozarks. William Edwin Bettridge and Francis Lee Utley suggested that the reoccurrence of his name (or variations thereof) indicate a possible Scandinavian origin of these narratives. Utley, in a later study, suggested that one tale from Virginia may have come from Norsemen or Swedish immigrants of Delaware.
Tales
His stories are considered to be a local version of the tale East of the Sun and West of the Moon, told by the Southern Appalachian people. They are also considered a "traditional Appalachian tale".
These tales can be classified in the Aarne-Thompson-Uther Index as types ATU 425, "The Search for the Lost Husband"; ATU 425A, "The Animal as Bridegroom", or ATU 425C, "Beauty and the Beast". Researcher Carl Lindahl suggests that tale type ATU 425, which features a "powerful female character", is part of a repertoire of what he calls "American mountain märchen".
In relation to Whiteberry Whittington and White-Bear Whittington, folklorist Herbert Halpert noted that both tales "rationalized" or altogether replaced the white bear of the other tales for a normal man that wears a white coat made of bearskin.
Whitebear Whittington
In a tale collected by Richard Chase, a widowed father has three daughters. When he has to go to town, he asks his daughters what they want: the first a dress with the color of every bird in the sky, the second a dress with every color of the rainbow and the third a basketful of white roses.
The man finds a bush of white roses and breaks a bush. A voice demands him, in return, the first thing that greets him on his way back home. His youngest daughter is the first one to greet him. That night, the voice comes and demands his payment. The man sends his dog, but it returns scared. The two older sisters also go outside and meet whatever it is out there. The youngest surrenders herself and leaves the house. She finds a white bear, who asks her to climb onto his back. The girl cries so hard that her nose bleeds three drops on the bear's back.
They reach a house and the bear asks the girl to light a lamp. She does and a man stands where the bear was. He reveals that he is a bewitched combination of bear and human forms, but he can choose when he becomes one or the other. The girl chooses him to be a man at night. They live together and she gives birth to three children, two boys and a girl. She wants to visit her family and he warns her she must not reveal his name.
She goes with the bear and her children to her father's house. The sisters want to know everything the girl went through, but she refuses to tell them. The next day, the father talks to her in private and she reveals her husband's name: Whitebear Whittington. She then sees the husband in human form, three drops of blood on the back of his white shirt, going to Piney Mountain.
The girl tries to trail her husband to Piney Mountain, by following a trail of specked feathers left by a bird, for seven years. At last, she reaches the house of a very old woman, who takes her in and asks the girl to help her in some chores around the house: on the first day, the girl gathers the wool and washes it in the river, while the old woman cards; on the second day, she handles the carded wool for the old woman to spin; on the third day, the old woman works at her loom. As payment for her help, the old woman gives the girl a gold chinquapin nut (for the first day), a gold hickory nut (for the second day), and a golden walnut (for the third day), telling the girl to use them when she needs it the most.
The girl leaves the old woman's hut and reaches a fountain, where women are gathered trying to wash a bloodied shirt near a man, whom she recognizes as her husband, but he cannot seem to acknowledge her. The women are trying to wash the shirt because the man promised to marry one who could do it. The girl tries it herself and accomplishes it, but another girl snatches the shirt from her hands and shows it to the man, as if she was the one to do it. Tricked by the second girl, the man takes her to a house, and they prepare their wedding. The girl, Whitebear Whittington's true wife, follows after them, and cracks open the three golden nuts to produce golden artifacts (golden wool from the chinquapin; a fine spinning wheel from the hickory, and a big loom from the walnut) which she uses to buy her place at her husband's bed to stir him awake with a lamentation, begging him to awaken and see her.
The girl fails on the first two nights, because Whitebear Whittington is sound asleep on a sleepy pillow and was given a sleeping dram. After the second night, an old man alerts the Whitebear about a female voice singing and lamenting on his bedside. On the third night, Whitebear avoids driking the dram offered by the false bride and throws away the pillow, waiting the girl to come that same night. His true wife calls him by his name, and he recognizes her.
The next morning, Whitebear Whittington goes to talk to the false bride's father, and asks him a riddle about a lost old key, a new key he had made, and the old key he regained. The false bride's father answers Whitebear should keep the old key. Whitebear Whittington agrees with the old man, and takes his first wife back home with him.
Three Drops of Blood
In a variant from the Southern Mountains, collected from a man named Davis in 1996, Three Drops of Blood, a man and a woman who lives in the mountains fall in love, get married, and have three daughters. The father loves the youngest the most. One day, he has to go to town, but asks his daughters what he can get them. The first asks for a dress the "color of every tree in the forest once the frost stops coming in the springtime", the second for a dress "the color of every tree in the forest after the frost starts coming in the fall" and the youngest for flowers. He finds the dresses and goes to a clearing where there is a rosebush with white roses. The man tries to break a branch of the bush, but a mysterious voice threatens him if he keeps going. The voice promises to let him have the roses, but the man has to give in exchange the first thing that greets him when he goes back home. The man thinks it is his dog that will greet him and journeys back home.
Once he gets home, his youngest daughter greets him, to his immense grief, because now he has to let his daughter go to. That night, the same voice comes from outside the house and says it is "time to get paid". He sets his dog on whoever it is, but the animal does not return. The two elder sisters offer to go out and see what it is, but come back screaming. The youngest offers herself to the voice and goes out the house. She sees a great white bear, who tells her she must not be afraid and to climb onto his back. She obeys and both begin a trek through the woods. They pass by the bush of white roses and, when she picks up a rose, a thorn pricks her finger and three drops of blood land on the bear's back.
The girl and the bear reach a house and enter. As soon as the sun sets, the bear becomes a man and explains to her his story: his name is White Bear whittington, he is cursed into ursine form, but can choose whichever form for the night or the day. The girl chooses that he remain a bear by day and a man by night. They live together as husband and wife and have three children.
One day, the girl is feeling homesick and wants to visit her family. The bear warns her that an even worse curse shall befall him, but eventually concedes, as long as his wife does not tell her family anything about the bear. She takes home her three children and the family wants to know what happened to her, but she can't tell them. On her father's insistence, she whispers her husband's name in his ear. Then she sees her husband through the window, three drops of blood on the back of his white shirt.
She leaves the children with her family and goes after him, but loses his tracks. She arrives at an old woman's house who gives her shelter and work. After doing some work (shearing the sheep, carding and spinning the wool, and finally weaving some clothes), the old woman gives her three golden nuts: one as big as an acorn, another as big as a hickory nut, and lastly a third as big as a walnut, and sends her on her way.
She reaches a river where women are washing clothes, and sees her husband, now human. He says he doesn't remember his wife, but wants to see if any of the women can help him with the three drops of blood on his shirt. The girl is able to wash his clothes, but an "ole bad breath woman" grabs the cloth and passes it as her own accomplishment. The bad breath woman takes him to her house up on the hill.
The girl goes after them and gives her the nuts to spend three nights with White Bear Whittington: the first nut releases a golden thread, the second a golden spinning wheel, and the third gives out a golden loom. With the three objects together, they begin to weave gold cloth. The bad breath woman agrees to let the girl have three nights with White Bear, but she drugs him on the first two nights so that he does not notice anything untoward. The third night, White Bear listens to his true wife's lament and regains his memory.
Meanwhile, the false bride is locked outside the house and wants to be let in. The false bride's father wants to know why White Bear locked them outside, and White Bear gives them a riddle: "at first he had a golden key he lost, but found an iron key to replace the first. Now that he has the first key back, which key should he keep?". The false bride's father answers that he should keep the first key (which is referring to his first wife). White Bear and his true wife escape and return home.
Whiteberry Whittington
In a variant from Blue Ridge Mountains, Whiteberry Whittington, a hired boy named Whiteberry Whittington loves a hired girl, but also loves the king's daughter. So he decides to set a test for both women: whoever washes a stain from his shirt, he shall marry her. The hired girl accomplishes the task, but the king's daughter takes the credit and is set to marry Whiteberry Whittington. The hired girl is left crying, until an old woman asks her what the problem is. The hired girl says that the king's daughter left with the girl's husband, Whiteberry Whittington. The old woman offers to give her directions in exchange for one of her children. The girl concedes, but gains a fan and information on her husband: he lies upon a glassy hill, beyond the bloody seas. She meets other two old women who propose the same trade: the children for information on the husband, but also give her a comb and a string of beads. The girl uses the fan, the comb and the string of beads to bribe the king's daughter for three nights with Whiteberry. The tale was originally collected from a woman named Jane Hicks Gentry, from Hot Springs, North Carolina. She learned the tale from her grandfather, who learned from his mother.
White-Bear Whittington
In this tale, collected by Vance Randolph in 1950 from one Rose Spaulding, from Eureka Springs, Arkansas (Ozarks), three sisters live together. They are visited by a crippled old man that they help: the first by setting a chair, the second by giving him clean clothes, and the third by cooking a meal. In gratitude, the next day he shows them a "funny-looking chair", able to fulfill their wishes. The three sisters wish for husbands. The chair grants their wishes, but the third sister's husband, despite being handsome, is always wearing a long white coat made of bearskin (thus, his appellation). They live together and she gives birth to three children. One day, however, a witch enchants White-Bear Whittington with a song and spells, and takes him. The third sister becomes despondent. She is then visited by the same old man, who gives her a gold ring, a gold bracelet, and a gold comb, and tells her to traverse the Red Sea and climb up the cliff on fire to reach the witch's castle. She does as advised and arrives at the castle. She uses the golden gifts to bribe the witch for five minutes alone with White-Bear. On the first two nights, he is in a deep sleep brought about by a magic drug, but on the third night, he wakes up and recognizes her. The witch's spell is broken and they return home.
Other fiction
The tale of White Bear Whittington was used in the book Fair and Tender Ladies, by Lee Smith. The story is told to Ivy, the main character, by the Cline sisters.
See also
The Brown Bear of Norway
White-Bear-King-Valemon
References
External links
Analysis of Whitebear Whittington and related tales
Three Gold Nuts, another Appalachian variant
American folklore
American fairy tales
Fiction about shapeshifting
Fictional bears
ATU 400-459 |
Sir William Stanley Baker (28 February 192828 June 1976) was a Welsh actor and film producer. Known for his rugged appearance and intense, grounded screen persona, he was one of the top British male film stars of the late 1950s, and later a producer.
Born into a coal mining family in Glamorgan, Baker began his acting career in the West End. Following national service in the Royal Army Service Corps after the Second World War, he befriended actor Richard Burton and began appearing in film and television roles. He played the lead role in Hell Drivers and supporting role in The Guns of Navarone. He was producer and lead actor in the 1964 film Zulu, in which he portrayed John Chard.
Baker's performance in the 1959 film Yesterday's Enemy was nominated for the BAFTA Award for Best British Actor, and he was nominated for a Primetime Emmy Award for his turn in the BBC serial How Green Was My Valley. He was awarded a knighthood in 1976, although he died before the investiture ceremony: a heavy smoker, he developed lung cancer and he died in 1976.
Early life
Baker was born in Ferndale, Glamorgan, Wales, the youngest of three children. His father was a coal miner who lost a leg in a pit accident but continued working as a lift operator at the mine until his death. Baker grew up a self-proclaimed "wild kid" interested in only "football and boxing". He thought he would most likely be a miner or maybe a boxer.
His artistic ability was spotted at an early age by a local teacher, Glynne Morse, who encouraged Baker to act. When he was 14 he was performing in a school play when seen by a casting director from Ealing Studios, who recommended him for a role in Undercover (1943), a war film about the Yugoslav guerrillas in Serbia. He was paid £20 a week, caught the acting bug, and pursued a professional acting career. Six months later Baker appeared with Emlyn Williams in a play in the West End called The Druid's Rest, appearing alongside Richard Burton.
Baker worked for a time as an apprentice electrician, then through Morse's influence, he managed to secure a position with the Birmingham Repertory Theatre in 1944. He was there for three years when he had to do his national service. He served in the Royal Army Service Corps from 1946 until 1948, attaining the rank of sergeant. Following his demobilisation Baker returned to London determined to resume his acting career. He was recommended by Richard Burton for casting in a small role in Terence Rattigan's West End play, Adventure Story (1949).
Career
Early career
Baker began appearing in films and on television, as well as performing on stage for the Middlesex Repertory Company. He had small roles in All Over the Town (1949), Obsession (1949), Your Witness (1950), Lilli Marlene (1950), Something in the City (1950), The Rossiter Case (1951), Cloudburst (1951), Home to Danger (1951) and Whispering Smith Hits London (1952).
His TV roles included The Tragedy of Pompey the Great (1950) and Rush Job (1951).
H
Baker attracted attention when cast as the bosun's mate in the Hollywood-financed Captain Horatio Hornblower (1951). It was the ninth most popular film at the British box office that year.
In 1951 he toured England in a play by Christopher Fry, A Sleep of Prisoners which was part of the Festival of Britain. It was about four POWs spending a night in a bombed out church and was staged in actual churches; the rest of the cast includes Denholm Elliott, Hugh Pryse and Leonard White. The project was transferred in its entirety to New York for a limited run, and also toured throughout the US.
While in New York, Baker read the novel The Cruel Sea by Nicholas Monsarrat. Although the role of the cowardly officer Bennett was an Australian in the book, the Englishman Donald Sinden was originally screen-tested for the part and the Welsh Baker was screen-tested for the part of Lockhart. Subsequently, at Jack Hawkins' suggestion and after further screen-tests, the roles were swapped. The Cruel Sea (1953 film) was the most successful film at the British box office in 1953 and Baker was now established in films.
On television was in "A Cradle in Willow" and played Petruchio in a version of Taming of the Shrew (1952). He had a small role in a British-US co-production for Warwick Films, The Red Beret (1953), with Alan Ladd, another big hit in Britain. Warwick liked his work so much they promptly reteamed him with Ladd in Hell Below Zero (1954), with Baker billed fourth as the main villain.
Baker got another break when George Sanders fell ill and was unable to play Sir Mordred in the expensive epic Knights of the Round Table (1953), made by MGM in Britain. Baker stepped in and got excellent reviews; the movie was very popular.
He had his biggest role in a purely British film with The Good Die Young (1954), directed by Lewis Gilbert, playing a boxer who commits a robbery. Baker was cast in Twist of Fate (1954) opposite Ginger Rogers, replacing Walter Rilla, who quit the production ten days into filming.
Hollywood came calling again and offered him the choice support role of Achilles in Helen of Troy (1955), shot in Italy for Robert Wise.
Most of Baker's film roles until this stage had been playing villains. His career received another boost when Laurence Olivier selected him to play Henry Tudor in Richard III (1955).
On TV he was in The Creature (1955) by Nigel Kneale, later filmed (without Baker) as The Abominable Snowman (1957). He was in another epic, playing Attalus in Alexander the Great (1956), which starred Burton in the title role and was shot in Spain for Robert Rossen. He also portrayed Rochester in a British TV adaptation of Jane Eyre (1956).
Baker's first leading role in a feature film came with Child in the House (1956), written and directed by Cy Endfield. He had a support role as a psychotic corporal in A Hill in Korea (1956), a Korean War film that also featured early performances from Michael Caine, Stephen Boyd and Robert Shaw. He was the villain in a racing car drama, Checkpoint (1956), opposite Anthony Steel. It was made by the team of Betty E. Box and Ralph Thomas for the Rank Organisation.
Lead actor
Baker finally broke away from supporting parts when cast as the lead in Hell Drivers (1957), a truck driving drama directed by Endfield. Before it was released he played another villain role for Box and Thomas, Campbell's Kingdom (1957), opposite Dirk Bogarde, shot in Italy (substituting for Canada). Following this he was meant to make Tread Softly Stranger with Diana Dors but George Baker was cast instead. Hell Drivers was a minor hit, and at the end of the year exhibitors voted Baker the seventh most popular British star at the British box office for 1957 (after Bogarde, Kenneth More, Peter Finch, John Gregson, Norman Wisdom and John Mills, and before Ian Carmichael, Jack Hawkins and Belinda Lee). The success of Hell Drivers saw Baker play a series of tough anti-heroes. In the words of David Thomson:
Until the early 1960s, Baker was the only male lead in the British cinema who managed to suggest contempt, aggression and the working class. He is the first hint of proletarian male vigor against the grain of Leslie Howard, James Mason, Stewart Granger, John Mills, Dirk Bogarde and the theatrical knights. Which is not to disparage these players, but to say that Baker was a welcome novelty, that he is one of Britain's most important screen actors, and that he has not yet been equalled – not even by Michael Caine.
Baker was a detective in Violent Playground (1958), a drama about juvenile delinquency from the director-producer team Basil Dearden and Michael Relph. He was reunited with Endfield for Sea Fury (1958), an action drama, playing a tugboat captain. He was voted the tenth biggest British star in Britain at the end of the year.
He made the Hollywood-financed The Angry Hills (1959) in Greece with Robert Aldrich opposite Robert Mitchum. Baker said Aldrich offered to engage him in a 28-part series about an Englishman in New York, but he had turned it down to stay in Britain.
Baker had the lead in Yesterday's Enemy (1959), a World War II drama set in Burma for Hammer Films, directed by Val Guest.
He was a detective in Blind Date (1959) for director Joseph Losey, one of Baker's favourite roles. He made a fourth film with Endfield, Jet Storm (1959) playing an airline captain. None of these films were particularly huge at the box office but at the end of the year Baker was voted the fourth most popular British star. Hell Is a City (1960) had him as another hardbitten detective, a second collaboration with Val Guest. He was reunited with Losey for The Criminal (1960), playing an ex-con, and Baker's favourite role.
He played the relatively small role of "Butcher Brown", a war-weary commando, in the Hollywood blockbuster war epic The Guns of Navarone (1961) shot in Greece. It was a massive hit at the box office.
A third collaboration with Losey was Eva (1962), a French-Italian film where Baker acted opposite Jeanne Moreau. Aldrich asked him to play another villain role, in the Biblical epic Sodom and Gomorrah (1962). There was some talk he would play Rufio in Cleopatra (1963) but it did not eventuate. He was a tough army officer committing a robbery in A Prize of Arms (1962) but the film failed at the box office and it seemed the market for the tough action films in which Baker had specialised might be drying up. He appeared opposite Jean Seberg in In the French Style (1962), a French-American romance produced by Irwin Shaw. He was in The Man Who Finally Died (1963) for British TV.
Baker's widow later claimed that he was originally offered the role of James Bond, but turned it down not wanting to commit to a long-term contract. She also says he was going to star in This Sporting Life but had to drop out when Guns of Navarone went over schedule. She says Baker never regretted losing the part of Bond to Sean Connery but regretted not making This Sporting Life.
Production
Baker formed his own company, 'Diamond Films' with Cy Endfield. They developed a script about the Battle of Rorke's Drift written by Endfield and John Prebble. While making Sodom and Gomorrah Baker struck up a relationship with that film's producer, Joseph E. Levine which enabled him to raise the $3 million budget for Zulu (1964), directed by Endfield, shot partly on location in South Africa. Zulu was a big hit at the box office and made a star of Michael Caine. Baker played the lead part of Lieutenant John Chard VC in what remains his best-remembered role. He later owned Chard's Victoria Cross and Zulu War Medal from 1972 until his death in 1976. (Chard died at age 49 in 1897, only a year older than Baker at his death; both died of cancer).
Baker made two more films in South Africa: Dingaka (1965), on which he worked as an actor only but which was distributed by Levine, and Sands of the Kalahari (1965), which he starred in and produced, directed by Endfield and financed by Levine. Both were box-office failures commercially and Baker made no further films with Endfield. Baker had plans to film Wilbur Smith's debut novel When the Lion Feeds and The Coral Strand by John Masters. but neither project was realised.
He made a TV movie for the United Nations entitled Who Has Seen the Wind? (1965), and appeared in two episodes of Bob Hope Presents the Chrysler Theatre: After the Lion, Jackals (1966) and Code Name: Heraclitus (1967). In 1966 he made a deal with Universal to produce and star in a film. He made a final film with Losey, Accident (1967), cast against type as an academic.
Baker formed the production company Oakhurst Productions with Michael Deeley. Its first cinema film was Robbery (1967), a heist film with Baker in the lead role. It was a solid success in Britain and launched the Hollywood career of director Peter Yates. Baker announced he would make another film for Levine, A Nice Girl Like Me acting opposite Hayley Mills who would play a girl who constantly gets pregnant. The film would be made by Levine, but not with Baker or Mills. He was also going to film the John Roeburt novel The Climate of Hell with James Goldstone. and the Norman Lewis novel Everyman's Brother. He appeared in The Girl with the Pistol (1968), an Italian comedy, then worked as a producer only on two films for Oakhurst: The Other People (1968), which was never released, and The Italian Job (1969) a heist comedy with Michael Caine, a big hit. He was also part of the consortium which set up Harlech Television. At the end of 1968 exhibitors voted him the ninth biggest star in Britain, after John Wayne, Julie Christie, Steve McQueen, Tommy Steele, Paul Newman, Sean Connery, Clint Eastwood and Julie Andrews.
Baker produced and starred in Where's Jack? (1969) for Oakhurst opposite Tommy Steele for director James Clavell. It was a box office failure.
As an actor only, he appeared in The Games (1970) for 20th Century Fox. He appeared in two films for producer Dimitri de Grunwald: The Last Grenade (1970), playing a mercenary, and Perfect Friday (1970), a heist movie directed by Peter Hall which Baker helped produce.
Later career
In the 1970s, Baker announced a number of projects as producer, including an adaptation of George MacDonald Fraser's novel Flashman, to be directed by Richard Lester, and Summer Fires with Peter Hall. "I don't make films to see myself perform, I do it to act", said Baker. "I've enjoyed everything I've worked on, including the bad pictures... I enjoy being a working actor. I've been accused by journalists of lack of discretion, lack of taste. Well I'd rather have that lack than the lack of having made them... Producing is total involvement and compatible with acting, while I don't think directing is. Producing gives you a continuity of effort that helps with acting."
He also expanded his business interests. He was one of the founder members of Harlech Television, and was a director of it until his death.
With Michael Deeley and Barry Spikings, he formed 'Great Western Enterprises', which was involved in a number of projects in the entertainment field, notably music concerts, and in the late 1960s it bought Alembic House (now called Peninsula Heights) on the Albert Embankment, where Baker occupied the penthouse apartment for a number of years. Baker, Deeley, and Spikings were also part of a consortium that bought British Lion Films and Shepperton Studios, selling Alembic House to finance it. Baker said in 1972 that:
I love business for the activity it creates, the total commitment. The acting bit is great for the ego, (but) all the real excitement is in business... I'm still surprised how good I am at business.
However, Baker was the victim of bad timing. The British film industry went into serious decline at the end of the 1960s, and a number of Oakhurst films were unsuccessful at the box office. Plans to make a costume drama called Sunblack, directed by Gordon Flemyng, did not come to fruition. His commercial foray into pop music festivals was financially disastrous, with the Great Western Bardney Pop Festival in Lincoln ending up losing £200,000. The British stock market crashed at the end of 1973, throwing the over-leveraged British Lion into turmoil.
Baker was forced to keep acting to pay the bills, often accepting roles in poor films which adversely affected his status as a star. His son Glyn later said that:"My dad had to accept any and everything to keep the companies afloat. Doing staggeringly-bad stuff like Popsy Pop, which was an Italian–Venezuelan co-production and A Lizard in a Woman's Skin [both 1971] – a movie which makes absolutely no sense whatsoever. At the slowest period, Stanley still had a payroll of at least 100 in his employ. So it was, 'Here we go – take the money, make this trash, hopefully, no one will ever see it.' Famous last words."'
According to Michael Deeley, the financiers of British Lion Films were reluctant for Baker to be involved in the management of the company because they felt his focus was more on his acting career.
The Butterfly Affair (1970) was with Claudia Cardinale; A Lizard in a Woman's Skin (1971) was an Italian giallo movie; Innocent Bystanders (1972) was directed by Peter Collinson who had done The Italian Job.
Towards the end of his life Baker pulled back on his business activities and worked mostly as an actor, taking roles in television including two of the BBC's Play of the Month series: The Changeling and Robinson Crusoe (both 1974), plus Who Killed Lamb? (1974) and Graceless Go I (1974).
He made a series of films in Spain: Zorro (1975), starring Alain Delon, where Baker played the main villain; Bride to Be (1975), with Sarah Miles.
Baker's final British performance was in a BBC Wales adaptation of How Green Was My Valley (1975), broadcast shortly before he was diagnosed with cancer. Shortly before his death he was planning on producing a prequel to Zulu, Zulu Dawn. His last role was in an Italian TV miniseries, (1976), based on the novel Orzowei.
Personal life
In 1950 Baker married the actress Ellen Martin, who had been introduced to him by Burton. Their marriage lasted until his death and they had four children, Martin and Sally (twins), Glyn and Adam. Glyn appeared in The Wild Geese (1978), opposite Richard Burton, and in Return of the Jedi (1983), as Lieutenant Endicott, the imperial officer who said, "Inform the commander that Lord Vader's shuttle has arrived."
He was a friend and drinking companion of Richard Burton.
Baker was politically a socialist, and an acquaintance of Prime Minister Harold Wilson. He was an opponent of Welsh nationalism and recorded television broadcasts in support of the Welsh Labour Party. Baker was heavily criticised for earning vast sums of money despite propounding left-wing politics, sending all his children to English public schools, and owning a large holiday home in Spain.
He considered becoming a tax exile in the 1960s but ultimately decided he would miss Britain too much. Many of his friends believed Baker had damaged his acting career through his attempts to transform himself into a businessman.
In an interview shortly before his death he admitted to being a compulsive gambler all his life, although he claimed he always had enough money to look after his family.
On 27 May 1976, it was announced that he had been awarded a knighthood in the 1976 Prime Minister's Resignation Honours, although he did not live to be invested in person at Buckingham Palace.
Death and legacy
Baker was a heavy cigarette and cigar smoker, and was diagnosed with lung cancer on 13 February 1976. He underwent surgery later that month. However, the cancer had spread to his bones and he died from pneumonia on 28 June 1976 in Málaga, Spain, aged 48.
His body was cremated at Putney Vale Crematorium; his ashes being scattered on a hillside overlooking his childhood home. He told his wife shortly before he died:
I have no regrets. I've had a fantastic life; no one has had a more fantastic life than I have. From the beginning I have been surrounded by love. I'm the son of a Welsh miner and I was born into love, married into love and spent my life in love.
Ferndale RFC, a rugby club in the Rhondda Valleys, South Wales, established a tribute to Baker in the form of their "Sir Stanley Baker Lounge". Officially opened by his widow, Ellen Lady Baker, on Friday 24 November 2006, the day's events featured a presentation to Sir Stanley's sons and family members, and a fitting and moving tribute to the man himself via speeches and tales from celebrities and various local people who knew him best. The afternoon also featured a BBC Radio Wales tribute to Sir Stanley, hosted by Owen Money and recorded live in Ferndale RFC itself. The Sir Stanley Baker Lounge features many pictures and memorabilia from his successful career, including a wall plaque commemorating the official opening in both English and Welsh.
Filmography
TV series, miniseries and films
Box office rankings
Baker featured several times in the annual poll of British exhibitors for Motion Picture Annual listing the most popular stars at the local box office:
1957 – 7th most popular British star
1958 – 10th most popular British star
1959 – 4th most popular British star
1960 – 8th most popular star in Britain regardless of nationality
1968 – 9th most popular star in Britain regardless of nationality
Select theatre credits
The Druid's Rest by Emlyn Williams (1943) – with Richard Burton
1944–46 – various with Birmingham Repertory Theatre
Adventure Story by Terence Rattigan (1949) – with Paul Scofield
Treasure Island (1949) – with Middlesex Repertory Company
Wuthering Heights (1949) – with Middlesex Repertory Company
Awards
1959 BAFTA – Nomination for Best British Actor for Yesterday's Enemy
References
Bibliography
External links
Stanley Baker biography and credits, Screenonline.org. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
The Sir Stanley Baker Tribute Site, freewebs.com. Retrieved 8 April 2014.
Ferndale RFC official website, "Sir Stanley Baker Lounge". Retrieved 8 April 2014.
1928 births
1976 deaths
20th-century British Army personnel
20th-century Welsh businesspeople
20th-century Welsh male actors
Actors awarded knighthoods
Burials at Putney Vale Cemetery
Deaths from lung cancer in Spain
Deaths from pneumonia in Spain
Knights Bachelor
Labour Party (UK) people
People from Ferndale, Rhondda Cynon Taf
Royal Army Service Corps soldiers
Welsh expatriates in Spain
Welsh film producers
Welsh male film actors
Welsh male stage actors
Welsh male television actors
Welsh socialists |
Orceana Calcio is an Italian association football team from Orzinuovi. It was founded in 1919. It took part to Serie C2 from 1978 to 1980.
Its most famous coach was Luigi Maifredi, that later coached Juventus F.C. and other important teams.
Association football clubs established in 1919
Football clubs in Lombardy
Serie C clubs
1919 establishments in Italy |
KSMO is a radio station airing a country music format licensed to Salem, Missouri, broadcasting on 1340 kHz AM and 95.7 FM. The station is owned by KSMO Enterprises.
References
External links
Country radio stations in the United States
SMO
Radio stations established in 1953
1953 establishments in Missouri |
```go
/*
path_to_url
Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package main
import (
"fmt"
"net/http"
"strconv"
"strings"
"k8s.io/apimachinery/pkg/util/uuid"
)
// Sample authentication service returning several HTTP headers in response
func main() {
http.HandleFunc("/", func(w http.ResponseWriter, r *http.Request) {
if strings.ContainsAny(r.Header.Get("User"), "internal") {
w.Header().Add("UserID", fmt.Sprintf("%v", uuid.NewUUID()))
w.Header().Add("UserRole", "admin")
w.Header().Add("Other", "not used")
fmt.Fprint(w, "ok")
} else {
rc := http.StatusForbidden
if c := r.URL.Query().Get("code"); len(c) > 0 {
c, _ := strconv.Atoi(c)
if c > 0 && c < 600 {
rc = c
}
}
w.WriteHeader(rc)
fmt.Fprint(w, "unauthorized")
}
})
http.ListenAndServe(":8080", nil)
}
``` |
The 2019–20 Fulham F.C. season was the club's 122nd professional season and their first in the EFL Championship after their relegation from the Premier League in the 2018–19 campaign. Fulham also competed in the FA Cup and the EFL Cup. The season covered the period from 1 July 2019 to 4 August 2020.
Players
Transfers
Transfers in
Loans in
Loans out
Transfers out
Pre-season
The Cottagers announced their pre-season schedule in June 2019.
Competitions
Championship
League table
Results summary
Results by matchday
Matches
On Thursday, 20 June 2019, the EFL Championship fixtures were revealed.
Play-offs
FA Cup
The second round draw was made live on BBC Two from Etihad Stadium, Micah Richards and Tony Adams conducted the draw. The fourth round draw was made by Alex Scott and David O'Leary on Monday, 6 January.
EFL Cup
The second round draw was made on 13 August 2019 following the conclusion of all but one first-round matches.
Squad statistics
Appearances and goals
|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Goalkeepers
|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Defenders
|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Midfielders
|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Forwards
|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Out on Loan
|-
! colspan=14 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Left During Season
|-
Top scorers
Includes all competitive matches. The list is sorted by squad number when total goals are equal.
Last updated 4 August 2020.
References
Fulham
Fulham F.C. seasons
Fulham
Fulham |
The Technical College of the Lowcountry (TCL) is a public community college in Beaufort, South Carolina, that serves the Lowcountry region of South Carolina.
Campuses
The main campus is located in Beaufort along Ribaut Road. Additional facilities are in the New River area (between Bluffton and Hardeeville, Hampton, Parris Island, and at the Marine Corps Air Station in Beaufort. The college offers 75 programs of study.
History
TCL traces its roots to the private Mather School, established in 1868 by Rachel Crane Mather to provide education for children of newly freed slaves in Beaufort County, South Carolina. In 1967, the trustees of the school voted to transfer operations of the school to the State of South Carolina, which had been aggressively building up a statewide technical college system. The school was renamed the Beaufort Regional Training Center in 1970, then the Beaufort Technical Education Center in 1972, then Beaufort Technical College in 1979. During that time, the institution began to expand to serve populations in Colleton, Hampton, and Jasper counties. TCL achieved its current name in 1988 to better reflect the four-county area to which the institution had grown to serve.
Student body
TCL enrolls approximately 2,600 students, of which approximately 1,600 are considered full-time equivalent students. Nearly one-half of students enrolled are minorities, and 72 percent are female. Nearly 80 percent receiving some degree of financial aid.
References
External links
Official website
South Carolina Technical College System
Education in Beaufort County, South Carolina
Education in Jasper County, South Carolina
Education in Colleton County, South Carolina
Education in Hampton County, South Carolina
Buildings and structures in Beaufort, South Carolina |
Markušica (, , ) is a village and a municipality in Vukovar-Syrmia County in eastern Croatia. Markušica is located south of the river Vuka and northwest of the town of Vinkovci. Landscape of the Markušica Municipality is marked by the Pannonian Basin plains and agricultural fields of corn, wheat, common sunflower and sugar beet.
The modern day municipality was established in 1997 by the UNTAES administration as one of new predominantly Serb municipalities in order to ensure access to local self-government to Serb community in the region. Alongside Markušica it includes villages of Gaboš, Karadžićevo, Ostrovo and Podrinje. Before the United Nations administrator implemented anty-gerrymandering reorganization, Markušica and Podrinje were a part of the Tordinci Municipality, while Karadžićevo, Ostrvo and Gaboš were linked to Jarmina Municipality making Serb community minority in both of them.
Markušica Municipality is connected with the surrounding area via D518 road and L209 Vinkovci–Gaboš–Osijek railway with local stations in Gaboš and Ostrovo.
Geography
The municipality has a total area of . River Vuka flows through the municipality and territory of the municipality is completely flat very fertile black soil. It is connected by D518 highway with rest of country.
History
One Scordisci archaeological site in Markušica dating back to late La Tène culture was excavated in the 1970s and 1980s as a part of rescue excavations in eastern Croatia. Archaeological site was a part of the settlement network of Scordisci in the area of Vinkovci.
Markušica was one of the feudal villages that existed in the region before the Ottoman rule in Hungary. After the end of Great Turkish War village was settled by Eastern Orthodox Vlachs from surrounding areas and the eastern Bosnia. In 1736 there was 40 inhabited houses in Markušica. In 1866 this number increased at 192 houses and 1003 inhabitants out of which 902 were Eastern Orthodox.
The modern day Municipality of Markušica was established by the decision of the United States diplomat and at the time Transitional Administrator for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium Jacques Paul Klein. As the region was directly governed as an UN protectorate Transitional Administrator was the highest authority responsible for administrative affairs. Markušica Municipality was established as one of new predominantly Serb municipalities in order to ensure access to local self-government to Serb community in the region. Prior to the decision international community expressed concerns over the perceived gerrymandering, disenfranchisement of refugees and minority representation.
Demographics
Population
There are 2 555 inhabitants, the majority of the population which are Serbs, who make up 90.10% of the population according to the 2011 population census.
Languages
Due to the local minority population, the Markušica municipality prescribe the use of not only Croatian as the official language, but the Serbian language and Serbian Cyrillic alphabet as well.
Religion
Most of the population are Serbian Orthodox that are practicing their religion in the church that was built in 1810 and re-built in 1989.
Politics
Joint Council of Municipalities
The Municipality of Markušica is one of seven Serb majority member municipalities within the Joint Council of Municipalities, inter-municipal sui generis organization of ethnic Serb community in eastern Croatia established on the basis of Erdut Agreement. As Serb community constitute majority of the population of the municipality it is represented by 2 delegated Councillors at the Assembly of the Joint Council of Municipalities, double the number of Councilors to the number from Serb minority municipalities in Eastern Croatia.
Municipal government
The municipality assembly is composed of 13 representatives plus additional seats for municipality minority groups if they don't get proportional number of seats. Assembly members come from electoral lists winning more than 5% of votes. Dominant party in the municipality since the reintegration of eastern Slavonia in 1998 is Independent Democratic Serb Party. 681 or 33,32 % out of 2.044 voters participated in 2017 Croatian local elections with 93,69 % valid votes. With 92,80% and 632 votes Budimir Brača from Independent Democratic Serb Party was elected as municipality major. As of 2017, the member parties/lists are:
|- style="background-color:#E9E9E9" align=center
!colspan=2|Party
!Votes
!%
!Seats
|-
| bgcolor=#C50200|
|align=left valign=top|Independent Democratic Serb Party||638||100,00||13
|-
|align=left colspan=2|Invalid/blank votes||43||6,31||—
|-
|align=left colspan=2|Total||681||100||—
|-
|align=left colspan=2|Registered voters/turnout||2.044||33,32||—
|-
|align=left colspan=8|
|-
|align=left colspan=8|Source page 57-58
|}
Minority councils
Directly elected minority councils and representatives are tasked with consulting tasks for the local or regional authorities in which they are advocating for minority rights and interests, integration into public life and participation in the management of local affairs. At the 2023 Croatian national minorities councils and representatives elections Serbs of Croatia fulfilled legal requirements to elect 10 members minority councils of the Markušica Municipality.
Economy
Markušica is underdeveloped municipality which is statistically classified as the First Category Area of Special State Concern by the Government of Croatia.
Culture
Points of Interest
Markušica Municipality is famous for a monument dedicated to a soldier killed in World War II. The village has a unique monument to a female Soviet pilot from the Red Army, who fought against the Nazis and whose plane was shot down here. The village also has an Eastern Orthodox Church from 1810, which was damaged in
Associations and Institutions
The village has a volunteer fire department.
Settlements
The municipality consists of the following settlements:
Gaboš, population 516
Karadžićevo, population 194
Markušica, population 1,009
Ostrovo, population 612
Podrinje, population 224
See also
Vukovar-Srijem County
Church of Pentecost, Markušica
Joint Council of Municipalities
References
Municipalities of Croatia
Populated places in Vukovar-Syrmia County
Populated places in Syrmia
Joint Council of Municipalities
Serb communities in Croatia
Archaeological sites in Croatia
La Tène culture |
Kue putu mayang is an Indonesian Betawi string hopper dish made of starch or rice flour and coconut milk, then shaped like noodles. This noodle-like dish served with kinca (liquid palm sugar) in Betawi and Javanese cuisine, or with chutney or curry in Indian Indonesian cuisine.
See also
Cuisine of Indonesia
Idiyappam
Kue putu
Kue putu mangkok
Kue klepon
References
Indonesian rice dishes
Indonesian desserts
Kue
Street food in Indonesia |
K. V. Kuppam, or Kilvaithinankuppam, is a state assembly constituency in Tamil Nadu, India, formed after constituency delimitation in 2007. Its State Assembly Constituency number is 45. The seat is reserved for candidates from the Scheduled Castes. It is included in the Vellore parliamentary constituency for national elections. It is one of the 234 State Legislative Assembly Constituencies in Tamil Nadu.
Members of the Legislative Assembly
Election results
2021
2016
2011
References
Assembly constituencies of Tamil Nadu |
Dragan Barlov (born 30 January 1957) is a Serbian chess grandmaster having earned the title in 1986. He won the
Yugoslav Chess Championship title in 1986 and earned a silver medal in the European Team Chess Championships in 1989.
Biography
Dragan Barlov was one of the leading chess players in Yugoslavia in the 1980s. In 1986, he won Yugoslav Chess Championship. Additionally he has won two bronze medals in the same tournament (1982, 1989). In 1987 in Zagreb Dragan Barlov participated in the World Chess Championship Interzonal Tournament where ranked in 15th place.
Dragan Barlov has won many international chess tournaments, including winning or sharing first place in Hallsberg (1975), Zürich (1983), Nuremberg (1990), Caorle (1991), Poio (2002), Las Palmas (1993 - B tournament, 2008).
Dragan Barlov played for Yugoslavia in the Chess Olympiads:
In 1986, at first reserve board in the 27th Chess Olympiad in Dubai (+4, =2, -3),
In 1990, at first reserve board in the 29th Chess Olympiad in Novi Sad (+2, =3, -2).
Dragan Barlov played for Yugoslavia in the European Team Chess Championship:
In 1989, at sixth board in the 9th European Team Chess Championship in Haifa (+4, =2, -1) and won team silver medal.
Dragan Barlov played for Yugoslavia in the Men's Chess Balkaniads:
In 1982, at fifth board in the 14th Chess Balkaniad in Plovdiv (+4, =1, -0) and won team silver and individual gold medals,
In 1988, at fourth board in the 19th Chess Balkaniad in Kaštel Stari (+0, =5, -1) and won team silver and individual bronze medals.
In 1982, he was awarded the FIDE International Master (IM) title and received the FIDE Grandmaster (GM) title four years later.
References
External links
Dragan Barlov chess games at 365Chess.com
1957 births
Sportspeople from Kragujevac
Serbian chess players
Yugoslav chess players
Chess grandmasters
Chess Olympiad competitors
Living people |
James Calthorpe may refer to:
James Calthorpe of Cockthorpe (c. 1558–1614), Sheriff of Norfolk in 1614
James Calthorpe of East Barsham (1604–1652), Sheriff of Norfolk in 1643
Sir James Calthorpe (Roundhead) (died 1658), Sheriff of Suffolk, knighted by the Lord Protector Olive Cromwell
James Calthorpe (Yeoman of the Removing Wardrobe) (1699–1784), English politician and courtier
See also
Calthorpe (surname) |
```xml
import React, { useCallback, useMemo, MouseEvent } from 'react'
import {
mdiCog,
mdiFileDocumentOutline,
mdiFilePlusOutline,
mdiFolderPlusOutline,
mdiLock,
mdiPencil,
mdiPlus,
mdiStar,
mdiStarOutline,
mdiTag,
mdiTrashCanOutline,
mdiWeb,
mdiDotsHorizontal,
} from '@mdi/js'
import { FoldingProps } from '../../../design/components/atoms/FoldingWrapper'
import { SidebarTreeSortingOrder } from '../../../design/lib/sidebar'
import {
MenuItem,
MenuTypes,
useContextMenu,
} from '../../../design/lib/stores/contextMenu'
import { useModal } from '../../../design/lib/stores/modal'
import {
getMapValues,
sortByAttributeAsc,
sortByAttributeDesc,
} from '../../../design/lib/utils/array'
import {
getDocLinkHref,
getFolderHref,
getTagHref,
getTeamLinkHref,
} from '../../lib/href'
import { getWorkspaceHref } from '../../../cloud/components/Link/WorkspaceLink'
import { SerializedWorkspace } from '../../../cloud/interfaces/db/workspace'
import { useRouter } from '../../../cloud/lib/router'
import {
cloudSidebaCategoryLabels,
cloudSidebarOrderedCategoriesDelimiter,
} from '../../../cloud/lib/sidebar'
import { useNav } from '../../../cloud/lib/stores/nav'
import { usePage } from '../../../cloud/lib/stores/pageStore'
import { usePreferences } from '../preferences'
import {
CollapsableType,
useSidebarCollapse,
} from '../../../cloud/lib/stores/sidebarCollapse'
import {
getDocId,
getDocTitle,
getFolderId,
} from '../../../cloud/lib/utils/patterns'
import { useCloudApi } from '../../../cloud/lib/hooks/useCloudApi'
import { useAppStatus } from '../appStatus'
import WorkspaceCreateModal from '../../components/organisms/modals/WorkspaceCreateModal'
import { useMobileResourceModals } from '../useMobileResourceModals'
export function useNavigatorTree() {
const { team, currentUserIsCoreMember } = usePage()
const { push, pathname } = useRouter()
const { openModal } = useModal()
const { preferences } = usePreferences()
const { setShowingNavigator } = useAppStatus()
const { initialLoadDone, docsMap, foldersMap, workspacesMap, tagsMap } =
useNav()
const {
sideBarOpenedLinksIdsSet,
sideBarOpenedFolderIdsSet,
sideBarOpenedWorkspaceIdsSet,
toggleItem,
unfoldItem,
foldItem,
} = useSidebarCollapse()
const {
sendingMap: treeSendingMap,
createWorkspace,
createDoc,
createFolder,
toggleDocBookmark,
toggleFolderBookmark,
} = useCloudApi()
const {
deleteWorkspace,
deleteFolder,
deleteDoc,
openRenameFolderForm,
openRenameDocForm,
openWorkspaceEditForm,
} = useMobileResourceModals()
const getFoldEvents = useCallback(
(type: CollapsableType, key: string, reversed?: boolean) => {
if (reversed) {
return {
fold: () => unfoldItem(type, key),
unfold: () => foldItem(type, key),
toggle: () => toggleItem(type, key),
}
}
return {
fold: () => foldItem(type, key),
unfold: () => unfoldItem(type, key),
toggle: () => toggleItem(type, key),
}
},
[toggleItem, unfoldItem, foldItem]
)
const { popup } = useContextMenu()
const tree = useMemo(() => {
if (!initialLoadDone || team == null) {
return undefined
}
const currentPathWithDomain = `${process.env.BOOST_HUB_BASE_URL}${pathname}`
const items = new Map<string, CloudTreeItem>()
const sortingOrder = preferences.navigatorTreeSortingOrder
const [docs, folders, workspaces] = [
getMapValues(docsMap),
getMapValues(foldersMap),
getMapValues(workspacesMap),
]
let personalWorkspace: SerializedWorkspace | undefined
workspaces.forEach((wp) => {
if (wp.personal) {
personalWorkspace = wp
return
}
const href = `${process.env.BOOST_HUB_BASE_URL}${getWorkspaceHref(
wp,
team,
'index'
)}`
const coreRestrictedFeatures: Partial<CloudTreeItem> =
currentUserIsCoreMember
? {
controls: [
{
icon: mdiPlus,
onClick: (event, openCreateForm) => {
popup(event, [
{
type: MenuTypes.Normal,
icon: mdiFilePlusOutline,
label: 'Create Document',
onClick: () => {
openCreateForm({
placeholder: 'Document title...',
onSubmit: (title) => {
createDoc(
team,
{
workspaceId: wp.id,
title,
},
{
afterSuccess: () => {
setShowingNavigator(false)
},
}
)
},
})
},
},
{
type: MenuTypes.Normal,
icon: mdiFolderPlusOutline,
label: 'Create Folder',
onClick: () => {
openCreateForm({
placeholder: 'Folder name...',
onSubmit: (folderName) => {
createFolder(
team,
{
workspaceId: wp.id,
description: '',
folderName,
},
{
skipRedirect: false,
}
)
},
})
},
},
] as MenuItem[])
},
},
],
contextControls: wp.default
? [
{
type: MenuTypes.Normal,
icon: mdiCog,
label: 'Edit',
onClick: () => openWorkspaceEditForm(wp),
},
]
: [
{
type: MenuTypes.Normal,
icon: mdiCog,
label: 'Edit',
onClick: () => openWorkspaceEditForm(wp),
},
{
type: MenuTypes.Normal,
icon: mdiTrashCanOutline,
label: 'Delete',
onClick: () => deleteWorkspace(wp),
},
],
}
: {}
items.set(wp.id, {
id: wp.id,
lastUpdated: wp.updatedAt,
label: wp.name,
defaultIcon: !wp.public ? mdiLock : undefined,
children: wp.positions?.orderedIds || [],
folded: !sideBarOpenedWorkspaceIdsSet.has(wp.id),
folding: getFoldEvents('workspaces', wp.id),
href,
active: href === currentPathWithDomain,
navigateTo: () => {
setShowingNavigator(false)
push(href)
},
...coreRestrictedFeatures,
})
})
folders.forEach((folder) => {
const folderId = getFolderId(folder)
const href = `${process.env.BOOST_HUB_BASE_URL}${getFolderHref(
folder,
team,
'index'
)}`
const coreRestrictedFeatures: Partial<CloudTreeItem> =
currentUserIsCoreMember
? {
controls: [
{
icon: mdiPlus,
onClick: (event, openCreateForm) => {
popup(event, [
{
type: MenuTypes.Normal,
icon: mdiFilePlusOutline,
label: 'Create Document',
onClick: () => {
openCreateForm({
placeholder: 'Document title...',
onSubmit: (title) => {
createDoc(
team,
{
workspaceId: folder.workspaceId,
parentFolderId: folder.id,
title,
},
{
afterSuccess: () => {
setShowingNavigator(false)
},
}
)
},
})
},
},
{
type: MenuTypes.Normal,
icon: mdiFolderPlusOutline,
label: 'Create Folder',
onClick: () => {
openCreateForm({
placeholder: 'Folder name...',
onSubmit: (folderName) => {
createFolder(
team,
{
workspaceId: folder.workspaceId,
parentFolderId: folder.id,
description: '',
folderName,
},
{ skipRedirect: true }
)
},
})
},
},
] as MenuItem[])
},
},
{
icon: mdiDotsHorizontal,
onClick: (event) => {
popup(event, [
{
type: MenuTypes.Normal,
icon: folder.bookmarked ? mdiStar : mdiStarOutline,
label:
treeSendingMap.get(folder.id) === 'bookmark'
? '...'
: folder.bookmarked
? 'Bookmarked'
: 'Bookmark',
onClick: () =>
toggleFolderBookmark(
folder.teamId,
folder.id,
folder.bookmarked
),
},
{
type: MenuTypes.Normal,
icon: mdiPencil,
label: 'Rename',
onClick: () => openRenameFolderForm(folder),
},
{
type: MenuTypes.Normal,
icon: mdiTrashCanOutline,
label: 'Delete',
onClick: () => deleteFolder(folder),
},
])
},
},
],
}
: {
controls: [
{
icon: folder.bookmarked ? mdiStar : mdiStarOutline,
onClick: () =>
toggleFolderBookmark(
folder.teamId,
folder.id,
folder.bookmarked
),
},
],
}
items.set(folderId, {
id: folderId,
lastUpdated: folder.updatedAt,
label: folder.name,
bookmarked: folder.bookmarked,
emoji: folder.emoji,
folded: !sideBarOpenedFolderIdsSet.has(folder.id),
folding: getFoldEvents('folders', folder.id),
href,
active: href === currentPathWithDomain,
navigateTo: () => {
setShowingNavigator(false)
push(href)
},
...coreRestrictedFeatures,
parentId:
folder.parentFolderId == null
? folder.workspaceId
: folder.parentFolderId,
children:
typeof folder.positions != null &&
typeof folder.positions !== 'string'
? folder.positions.orderedIds
: [],
})
})
docs.forEach((doc) => {
const docId = getDocId(doc)
const href = `${process.env.BOOST_HUB_BASE_URL}${getDocLinkHref(
doc,
team,
'index'
)}`
const coreRestrictedFeatures: Partial<CloudTreeItem> =
currentUserIsCoreMember
? {
contextControls: [
{
type: MenuTypes.Normal,
icon: doc.bookmarked ? mdiStar : mdiStarOutline,
label:
treeSendingMap.get(doc.id) === 'bookmark'
? '...'
: doc.bookmarked
? 'Bookmarked'
: 'Bookmark',
onClick: () =>
toggleDocBookmark(doc.teamId, doc.id, doc.bookmarked),
},
{
type: MenuTypes.Normal,
icon: mdiPencil,
label: 'Rename',
onClick: () => openRenameDocForm(doc),
},
{
type: MenuTypes.Normal,
icon: mdiTrashCanOutline,
label: 'Delete',
onClick: () => deleteDoc(doc),
},
],
}
: {
controls: [
{
icon: doc.bookmarked ? mdiStar : mdiStarOutline,
onClick: () =>
toggleDocBookmark(doc.teamId, doc.id, doc.bookmarked),
},
],
}
items.set(docId, {
id: docId,
lastUpdated: doc.head != null ? doc.head.created : doc.updatedAt,
label: getDocTitle(doc, 'Untitled'),
bookmarked: doc.bookmarked,
emoji: doc.emoji,
defaultIcon: mdiFileDocumentOutline,
navigateTo: () => {
setShowingNavigator(false)
push(href)
},
hidden:
doc.archivedAt != null ||
(doc.props.status != null &&
(doc.props.status.data === 'archived' ||
doc.props.status.data === 'completed')),
children: [],
href,
active: href === currentPathWithDomain,
...coreRestrictedFeatures,
parentId:
doc.parentFolderId == null ? doc.workspaceId : doc.parentFolderId,
})
})
const arrayItems = getMapValues(items)
const tree: Partial<NavigatorCategory>[] = []
let orderedBookmarked = []
const bookmarked = arrayItems.reduce((acc, val) => {
if (!val.bookmarked) {
return acc
}
acc.push({
id: val.id,
depth: 0,
label: val.label,
emoji: val.emoji,
defaultIcon: val.defaultIcon,
href: val.href,
navigateTo: val.navigateTo,
contextControls: val.contextControls,
lastUpdated: val.lastUpdated,
})
return acc
}, [] as (NavigatorRow & { lastUpdated: string })[])
switch (preferences.navigatorTreeSortingOrder) {
case 'z-a':
orderedBookmarked = sortByAttributeDesc('label', bookmarked)
break
case 'last-updated':
orderedBookmarked = sortByAttributeDesc('lastUpdated', bookmarked)
break
case 'a-z':
default:
orderedBookmarked = sortByAttributeAsc('label', bookmarked)
break
}
const navTree = arrayItems
.filter((item) => item.parentId == null)
.reduce((acc, val) => {
acc.push({
...val,
depth: 0,
rows: buildChildrenNavRows(sortingOrder, val.children, 1, items),
})
return acc
}, [] as NavigatorRow[])
const docsPerTagIdMap = [...docsMap.values()].reduce((acc, doc) => {
const docTags = doc.tags || []
docTags.forEach((tag) => {
let docIds = acc.get(tag.id)
if (docIds == null) {
docIds = []
acc.set(tag.id, docIds)
}
docIds.push(doc.id)
})
return acc
}, new Map<string, string[]>())
const labels = getMapValues(tagsMap)
.filter((tag) => (docsPerTagIdMap.get(tag.id) || []).length > 0)
.sort((a, b) => {
if (a.text < b.text) {
return -1
} else {
return 1
}
})
.reduce((acc, val) => {
const href = `${process.env.BOOST_HUB_BASE_URL}${getTagHref(
val,
team,
'index'
)}`
acc.push({
id: val.id,
depth: 0,
label: val.text,
defaultIcon: mdiTag,
href,
active: href === currentPathWithDomain,
navigateTo: () => {
setShowingNavigator(false)
push(href)
},
})
return acc
}, [] as NavigatorRow[])
if (orderedBookmarked.length > 0) {
tree.push({
label: 'Bookmarks',
rows: orderedBookmarked,
})
}
tree.push({
label: 'Folders',
rows: navTree,
controls: currentUserIsCoreMember
? [
{
icon: mdiPlus,
onClick: () => openModal(<WorkspaceCreateModal />),
},
]
: undefined,
})
if (currentUserIsCoreMember) {
tree.push({
label: 'Private',
rows:
personalWorkspace != null
? arrayItems
.filter((item) => item.parentId === personalWorkspace!.id)
.reduce((acc, val) => {
acc.push({
...val,
depth: 0,
rows: buildChildrenNavRows(
sortingOrder,
val.children,
1,
items
),
})
return acc
}, [] as NavigatorRow[])
: [],
controls: [
{
icon: mdiPlus,
onClick: (event, _openCreateForm) => {
const openCreateForm = _openCreateForm
popup(event, [
{
type: MenuTypes.Normal,
icon: mdiFilePlusOutline,
label: 'Create Document',
onClick: () => {
openCreateForm({
placeholder: 'Document title...',
onSubmit: (title) => {
if (personalWorkspace == null) {
return createWorkspace(
team,
{
personal: true,
name: 'Private',
permissions: [],
public: false,
},
{
afterSuccess: (wp) => {
createDoc(team, {
workspaceId: wp.id,
title,
})
setShowingNavigator(false)
},
}
)
}
return createDoc(team, {
workspaceId: personalWorkspace!.id,
title,
})
},
})
},
},
{
type: MenuTypes.Normal,
icon: mdiFolderPlusOutline,
label: 'Create Folder',
onClick: () => {
openCreateForm({
placeholder: 'Folder name...',
onSubmit: (folderName) => {
if (personalWorkspace == null) {
return createWorkspace(
team,
{
personal: true,
name: 'Private',
permissions: [],
public: false,
},
{
skipRedirect: true,
afterSuccess: (wp) =>
createFolder(team, {
workspaceId: wp.id,
description: '',
folderName,
}),
}
)
}
return createFolder(team, {
workspaceId: personalWorkspace!.id,
description: '',
folderName,
})
},
})
},
},
] as MenuItem[])
},
},
],
})
}
if (labels.length > 0) {
tree.push({
label: 'Labels',
rows: labels,
})
}
tree.push({
label: 'More',
rows: [
{
id: 'sidenav-shared',
label: 'Shared',
defaultIcon: mdiWeb,
href: getTeamLinkHref(team, 'shared'),
active: getTeamLinkHref(team, 'shared') === pathname,
navigateTo: () => {
setShowingNavigator(false)
push(getTeamLinkHref(team, 'shared'))
},
depth: 0,
},
],
})
tree.forEach((category) => {
const key = (category.label || '').toLocaleLowerCase()
const foldKey = `fold-${key}`
const hideKey = `hide-${key}`
category.folded = sideBarOpenedLinksIdsSet.has(foldKey)
category.folding = getFoldEvents('links', foldKey, true)
category.hidden = sideBarOpenedLinksIdsSet.has(hideKey)
category.toggleHidden = () => toggleItem('links', hideKey)
})
return tree as NavigatorCategory[]
}, [
initialLoadDone,
team,
pathname,
preferences.navigatorTreeSortingOrder,
docsMap,
foldersMap,
workspacesMap,
tagsMap,
currentUserIsCoreMember,
sideBarOpenedWorkspaceIdsSet,
getFoldEvents,
popup,
createDoc,
createFolder,
openWorkspaceEditForm,
deleteWorkspace,
setShowingNavigator,
push,
sideBarOpenedFolderIdsSet,
toggleFolderBookmark,
treeSendingMap,
toggleDocBookmark,
openRenameFolderForm,
deleteFolder,
openRenameDocForm,
deleteDoc,
openModal,
createWorkspace,
sideBarOpenedLinksIdsSet,
toggleItem,
])
const treeWithOrderedCategories = useMemo(() => {
if (tree == null) {
return undefined
}
const orderedCategories = Array.from(
new Set([
...preferences.sidebarOrderedCategories.split(
cloudSidebarOrderedCategoriesDelimiter
),
...cloudSidebaCategoryLabels,
])
).filter((item) =>
cloudSidebaCategoryLabels.find((categoryLabel) => categoryLabel === item)
)
const orderedTree = tree.sort((categoryA, categoryB) => {
if (
orderedCategories.indexOf(categoryA.label) >
orderedCategories.indexOf(categoryB.label)
) {
return 1
} else {
return -1
}
})
return orderedTree
}, [tree, preferences.sidebarOrderedCategories])
return {
tree,
treeWithOrderedCategories,
}
}
function buildChildrenNavRows(
sortingOrder: SidebarTreeSortingOrder,
childrenIds: string[],
depth: number,
map: Map<string, CloudTreeItem>
) {
const rows = childrenIds.reduce((acc, childId) => {
const childRow = map.get(childId)
if (childRow == null) {
return acc
}
if (childRow.archived) {
return acc
}
acc.push({
...childRow,
depth,
rows: buildChildrenNavRows(
sortingOrder,
childRow.children,
depth + 1,
map
),
})
return acc
}, [] as (NavigatorRow & { lastUpdated: string })[])
switch (sortingOrder) {
case 'a-z':
return sortByAttributeAsc('label', rows)
case 'z-a':
return sortByAttributeDesc('label', rows)
case 'last-updated':
return sortByAttributeDesc('lastUpdated', rows)
case 'drag':
default:
return rows
}
}
interface CloudTreeItem {
id: string
parentId?: string
label: string
defaultIcon?: string
emoji?: string
hidden?: boolean
bookmarked?: boolean
archived?: boolean
children: string[]
folding?: FoldingProps
folded?: boolean
href?: string
active?: boolean
lastUpdated: string
navigateTo?: (event?: any) => void
tooltip?: string
controls?: {
icon: string
onClick: (
event: MouseEvent<HTMLButtonElement>,
openCreateForm: (params: {
onSubmit: (value: string) => any
placeholder?: string
}) => Promise<void>
) => void
}[]
contextControls?: MenuItem[]
}
export interface NavigatorRow {
id: string
emoji?: string
defaultIcon?: string
label: string
depth: number
href?: string
active?: boolean
rows?: NavigatorRow[]
navigateTo?: () => void
controls?: NavigatorControl[]
contextControls?: MenuItem[]
folded?: boolean
folding?: FoldingProps
}
export interface NavigatorControl {
icon: string
onClick: (
event: MouseEvent<HTMLButtonElement>,
openCreateForm: (params: {
onSubmit: (value: string) => any
placeholder?: string
}) => Promise<void>
) => void
disabled?: boolean
}
export interface NavigatorCategory {
label: string
folded: boolean
controls?: NavigatorControl[]
hidden: boolean
toggleHidden: () => void
folding?: FoldingProps
rows: NavigatorRow[]
contextControls?: MenuItem[]
footer?: React.ReactNode
lastCategory?: boolean
}
``` |
is a former Japanese football player.
Club career
Teshima was born in Iizuka on June 7, 1979. After graduating from high school, he joined Yokohama Flügels in 1998. However the club was disbanded end of 1998 season due to financial strain, he moved to Kyoto Purple Sanga (later Kyoto Sanga FC) with contemporaries Yasuhito Endo, Shigeki Tsujimoto and so on in 1999. He played many matches as center back. The club won the champions 2002 Emperor's Cup. In 2006, he moved to big club Gamba Osaka. However he could not play in the match and returned to Kyoto in April 2006. In 2009, he lost his opportunity to play and retired end of 2009 season.
National team career
In April 1999, Teshima was selected Japan U-20 national team for 1999 World Youth Championship. At this tournament, he played full time in all 7 matches and Japan won the 2nd place. He played as center back on three backs defense with Shigeki Tsujimoto and Koji Nakata.
Club statistics
Honors and awards
FIFA World Youth Championship runner-up: 1999
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
People from Iizuka, Fukuoka
Association football people from Fukuoka Prefecture
Japanese men's footballers
Japan men's youth international footballers
J1 League players
J2 League players
Yokohama Flügels players
Kyoto Sanga FC players
Gamba Osaka players
Footballers at the 1998 Asian Games
Men's association football defenders
Asian Games competitors for Japan |
Arrate Guisasola Izeta (born 5 February 1979) is a Spanish former international football goalkeeper who played for Eibartarrak FT.
Club career
Guisasola began playing as a field player for Elbartarrak in 1993, then moved to goalkeeper. She played for Elbartarrak until 2003, before the club was renamed to SD Eibar.
International career
Guisasola was third goalkeeper of the Spanish team at the 1997 European Championships that reached the semi-finals. She did not appear during the tournament.
Honours
Club
Eibartarrak FT
Supercopa de España: 1999
Liga Nacional (first tier): runners-up 2000–01
References
1979 births
Spain women's international footballers
Liga F players
Women's association football goalkeepers
Spanish women's footballers
SD Eibar Femenino players
Living people
Footballers from Eibar |
Charles Brown (born February 28, 1939) is a former amateur boxer from the United States who won the bronze medal in the Featherweight (−57 kg) division at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics. At the Pan American Games he won a silver medal in 1959 and a bronze medal in 1963.
Brown boxed out of the United States Marine Corps, and did not box as a professional.
1964 Olympic results
Below are the results of Charles Brown, an American featherweight boxer who competed at the 1964 Tokyo Olympics:
Defeated Randall Hope (Australia) by decision, 5–0
Defeated Soeun Khiru (Cambodia) by decision, 4–1
Defeated José Antonio Duran (Mexico) by decision, 4–1
Lost to Anthony Villanueva (Philippines) by decision, 1–4 (was awarded a bronze medal)
References
1939 births
Living people
Boxers at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Boxers from Cincinnati
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in boxing
African-American boxers
American male boxers
Medalists at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Boxers at the 1959 Pan American Games
Boxers at the 1963 Pan American Games
Pan American Games silver medalists for the United States
Pan American Games bronze medalists for the United States
Pan American Games medalists in boxing
Featherweight boxers
Medalists at the 1959 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1963 Pan American Games
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople |
Berrien County Courthouse may refer to:
Places
Berrien County Courthouse (Georgia), Nashville, Berrien County, Georgia, USA
Old Berrien County Courthouse Complex, Berrien Springs, Berrien County, Michigan, USA
Berrien County Courthouse, St. Joseph, Berrien County, Michigan, USA; where the Berrien County Courthouse shooting occurred
Other uses
Berrien County Courthouse shooting, at the Berrien County Courthouse, St. Joseph, Berrien County, Michigan, USA, in 2016
See also
Berrien County (disambiguation)
Berrien (disambiguation) |
The 1881 Buffalo Bisons finished the season with a 45–38 record, good for third place in the National League.
A highlight from this season occurred on September 15. In a 12-inning game against Worcester, Buffalo second baseman Davy Force recorded 12 putouts, seven assists, two unassisted double plays, participated in a triple play, and made just one error in 20 chances.
Regular season
Season standings
Record vs. opponents
Roster
Player stats
Batting
Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
Pitching
Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
References
1881 Buffalo Bisons season at Baseball Reference
Buffalo Bisons (NL) seasons
Buffalo Bisons season
Buffalo |
The Collier County Public Schools (or District School Board of Collier County) is a school district in Collier County, Florida. The district has schools in four cities throughout the county: Everglades City, Immokalee, Marco Island, and Naples. The district employees approximately 3,200 teachers, 49% of whom have advanced degrees. The district includes 58 schools: 29 elementary schools, 10 middle schools, 8 high schools, along with 7 charter schools, two technical schools educating adult or dually-enrolled high school students, and 5 alternative schools. The district has an 'A' overall grade.
History
Gulfview Middle School was the first school to open in Naples in 1938.
Until the end of the 1950s, the school district did not provide a high school for African-American students in Naples. Students who wished to attend high school were bused to Fort Myers, and later to Immokalee, to get an education. In the 1950s, elementary schools for black children were opened, and by adding grades every year, eventually reached the high school level. In 1959, George Washington Carver High School was opened with two teachers. In the mid-1960s, the district moved Carver teacher Herbert Cambridge to Naples High School, which was the districts first experience with integration. In 1968 the black students were reassigned to white schools and Carver was closed.
Censorship of books as "unsuitable for students"
In February 2022, the school district placed warning labels on over 100 books in its libraries declaring them as "unsuitable for students" in response to a report issued by a far-right group. The Heritage Foundation, a conservative think tank, noted that the labels prevented teachers from exercising their "responsibility to decide what content is age-appropriate when they choose what to teach in class."
High schools
Aubrey Rogers High School
Barron Collier High School
eCollier Virtual Academy
Golden Gate High School
Gulf Coast High School
Immokalee High School
Lely High School
Lorenzo Walker Technical High
Naples High School
Palmetto Ridge High School
Middle schools
East Naples Middle
Golden Gate Middle
North Naples Middle
Manatee Middle
Pine Ridge Middle
Corkscrew Middle
Cypress Palm Middle
Everglades City
Immokalee Middle
Oakridge Middle
Gulfview Middle
Elementary schools
Avalon Elementary
Big Cypress Elementary
Calusa Park Elementary
Corkscrew Elementary
Eden Park Elementary
Estates Elementary
Golden Gate Elementary
Golden Terrace Elementary
Herbert Cambridge Elementary
Highlands Elementary
Lake Park Elementary
Lake Trafford Elementary
Laurel Oak Elementary
Lely Elementary
Lavern Gaynor Elementary
Manatee Elementary
Mike Davis Elementary
Naples Park Elementary
Osceola Elementary
Palmetto Elementary
Parkside Elementary
Pelican Marsh Elementary
Pinecrest Elementary
Poinciana Elementary
Sabal Palm Elementary
Sea Gate Elementary
Shadowlawn Elementary
Tommie Barfield Elementary
Veterans Memorial Elementary
Village Oaks Elementary
Vineyards Elementary
Charter Schools
Marco Island Charter Middle School (6-8)
Collier Charter Academy (K-8)
Gulf Coast Charter Academy (K-8)
BridgePrep Academy (K-8)
Immokalee Community School (K-6)
Marco Island Academy (9-12)
Everglades City School (VPK-12)
Alternative schools/sites
Beacon High School
Collier Regional Juvenile Detention Center*
New Beginnings (Naples & Immokalee)
Phoenix Program (Naples and Immokalee)
Teen Parenting Program
Partnership with the Florida Department of Juvenile Justice.
Ethnic groups
Male - 52%
Female - 48%
Hispanic - 52%
White - 33%
Black - 11%
Other- 4%
References
External links
Collier County
Education in Collier County, Florida
Organizations with year of establishment missing |
"Ta mig tillbaka" ("Take Me Back") is a song by Swedish singer Darin, released in March 2015 as the lead single from his seventh studio album Fjärilar i magen. The song was written by Darin, Ollie Olson and David Lindgren Zacharias and recorded at Atlantis Studio in Stockholm.
Background and release
On 9 March 2015 Darin shared a clip on his Instagram account announcing the release of his first self-written single in Swedish. In the clip, he writes "Ta mig tillbaka" on a sheet of paper, which was later revealed to be the single's title. On 10 March, Darin changed the cover photo of his Facebook page, revealing the release date of "Ta mig tillbaka", being scheduled for 13 March. The single, which tells the memories from Darin's childhood, was released in Sweden, Norway, Finland and Denmark and it was performed at the Norwegian-Swedish talk show Skavlan the same day.
Music video
The music video of the single was released on 4 May on Darin's YouTube channel. It was directed by James Velasquez and filmed in Stockholm on 16, 17 and 24 March. In an interview with Darin Worldwide, Darin said that he "wanted the video to be one with the lyrics and the music, so there's a magical but simple feeling to it, with old clips of me and things from the time when I grew up in the '90s".
Charts
Certifications
Release history
References
2015 songs
2015 singles
Darin (singer) songs
Songs written by Darin (singer) |
Edward Burton may refer to:
Edward Burton (footballer) (1869–?), English footballer
Edward Burton (Jesuit) (1585–1623), English Jesuit
Edward Burton (theologian) (1794–1836), English theologian, Regius Professor of Divinity at Oxford
Edward Burton (zoologist) (1790–1867), British Army surgeon and zoologist
Edward Burton (priest) (1737–1817), Anglican priest in Ireland
Edward Burton (MP), Member of Parliament for Pembroke, Wales
Ed Burton (1939–2012), American basketball player
SS Edward Burton, a 1945 cargo ship
See also
Edward Burton Gleeson (1803–1870), Australian politician
Edward Burton Hughes (1905–1987), American government official |
Stjepan Polje (Cyrillic: Стјепан Поље) is a village in the municipality of Gračanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina.
Demographics
According to the 2013 census, its population was 3,466.
References
Populated places in Gračanica |
is a passenger railway station located in the town of Ōtoyo, Nagaoka District, Kōchi Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Shikoku and has the station number "D28".
Lines
The station is served by JR Shikoku's Dosan Line and is located 72.7 km from the beginning of the line at .
Layout
The station, which is unstaffed, consists of two side platforms serving two tracks. A building adjacent to one platform serves as a waiting room. A footbridge connects to the other platform.
Adjacent stations
History
The station opened on 28 November 1935 when the then Kōchi Line was extended northwards from to and the line was renamed the Dosan Line. At this time the station was operated by Japanese Government Railways, later becoming Japanese National Railways (JNR). With the privatization of JNR on 1 April 1987, control of the station passed to JR Shikoku.
Surrounding area
Japan National Route 32
See also
List of railway stations in Japan
References
External links
JR Shikoku timetable
Railway stations in Kōchi Prefecture
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1935
Ōtoyo, Kōchi |
Mermaid Tavern is a historic home located at Newark, New Castle County, Delaware. The original section was built about 1725, and is a two-story, stuccoed stone structure with frame additions. The frame additions were built about 1750 and early 19th century. It has served not only as a tavern, but also as a polling place and as a post office.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.
References
Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Delaware
Commercial buildings completed in 1725
Buildings and structures in Newark, Delaware
1725 establishments in Delaware
National Register of Historic Places in New Castle County, Delaware |
The Hanriot HD.7 was a French fighter prototype of the 1910s.
Development
The HD.7 was based largely on the Hanriot HD.3, using the wings and tail surfaces from the earlier model. A single-seat fighter, it first flew in 1918
Operational history
The aircraft was designed to replace the SPAD S.XIII fighter. However, after its first flight in 1918, it was found to be of good performance, but inferior to its main competitor, the Nieuport-Delage NiD 29, which then entered service production for the Aéronautique Militaire in 1918. No further production occurred.
Specifications
References
1910s French fighter aircraft
Hanriot aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1918 |
The First Vision (also called the grove experience by members of the Community of Christ) refers to a theophany which Latter Day Saints believe Joseph Smith experienced in the early 1820s, in a wooded area in Manchester, New York, called the Sacred Grove. Smith described it as a vision in which he received instruction from God the Father and Jesus Christ.
According to the account Smith told in 1838, he went to the woods to pray about which church to join but fell into the grip of an evil power that nearly overcame him. At the last moment, he was rescued by two shining "Personages" (implied to be God the Father and Jesus) who hovered above him. One of the beings told Smith not to join any of the existing churches because they all taught incorrect doctrines.
Smith wrote several accounts of the vision between 1832 and 1842, two of which were published in his lifetime. Consistency of the accounts is a subject of debate, whether variations are indicators of significant shifts in Smith's theology or are simply changing emphasis of minor details. The First Vision is revered in Latter-day Saint theology as the first step in the Latter Day Saint restoration, but it was relatively unknown to early adherents to the Latter Day Saint movement; Smith's experience was published in 1842 and canonized in 1880 but not emphasized in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) until the early 20th century. For Latter-day Saints, the First Vision corroborates distinctive doctrines such as the bodily nature of God the Father and the uniqueness of the Restored Gospel of Jesus Christ as the only true path to exaltation.
Story of the vision
Smith wrote or dictated several versions of his vision story, and told the story to others who later published what they remember hearing. Taken together, these accounts set forth the following details:
Smith said that when he was about twelve (c. 1817–18), he became interested in religion and distressed about his sins. He studied the Bible and attended church, but the accounts differ as to whether he determined on his own that there was no existing religion built upon the true teachings of Jesus or whether the idea that all churches were false had not "entered his heart" until he experienced the vision. During this period of religious concern, he determined to turn to God in prayer. An early account says the purpose of this prayer was to ask God for mercy for his sins while later accounts emphasize his desire to know which church he should join. Smith said he went one spring morning to a secluded grove near his home to pray. He said he went to a stump in a clearing where he had left his axe the day before and began to offer his first audible prayer.
He said his prayer was interrupted by a "being from the unseen world." Smith said the being caused his tongue to swell in his mouth so that he could not speak. One account said he heard a noise behind him like someone walking towards him and then, when he tried to pray again, the noise grew louder, causing him to spring to his feet and look around, but he saw no one. In some of the accounts, he described being covered with a thick darkness and thinking that he would be destroyed. At his darkest moment, he knelt a third time to pray and, as he summoned all his power to pray, he felt ready to sink into oblivion. At that moment, he said his tongue was loosed and he saw a vision.
Smith said he saw a pillar of light brighter than the noonday sun that slowly descended on him, growing in brightness as it descended and lighting the entire area for some distance. As the light reached the tree tops, Smith feared the trees might catch fire. But when it reached the ground and enveloped him, it produced a "peculiar sensation." "[H]is mind was caught away from the natural objects with which he was surrounded; and he was enwrapped in a heavenly vision."
While experiencing the vision, he said he saw one or more "personages", described differently in Smith's accounts. In his earliest written account, Smith said he "saw the Lord." In diary entries, he said he saw a "visitation of Angels" or a "vision of angels" that included "a personage," and then "another personage" who testified that "Jesus Christ is the Son of God," as well as "many angels". In later accounts, Smith consistently said that he had seen two personages who appeared one after the other. These personages "exactly resembled each other in their features or likeness." The first personage had "light complexion, blue eyes, a piece of white cloth drawn over his shoulders, his right arm bare." In later accounts, one of the personages called Smith by name "and said, (pointing to the other), 'This is my beloved Son, hear him.'" Although Smith did not explicitly identify the personages, most Latter Day Saints infer that they were God the Father and Jesus.
In two accounts, Smith said that the Lord told him his sins were forgiven, that he should obey the commandments, that the world was corrupt, and that the Second Coming was approaching. Later accounts say that when the personages appeared, Smith asked them "O Lord, what church shall I join?" or "Must I join the Methodist Church?" In answer, he was told that "all religious denominations were believing in incorrect doctrines, and that none of them was acknowledged of God as his church and kingdom." All churches and their professors were "corrupt", and "all their creeds were an abomination in his sight." Smith was told not to join any of the churches, but that the fullness of the gospel would be made known to him at a later time. After the vision withdrew, Smith said he came to and found himself sprawled on his back.
Context
Background
Smith was born on December 23, 1805, in Vermont, and in 1816, his family moved to a farm just outside the town of Palmyra, New York. In the first several decades of American society in the 1800s, there was a proliferation of religious options. During the Second Great Awakening, revivals occurred in many communities in the northeastern United States. The religious environment in the region where the Smith family lived was so intense it is referred to today as the burned-over district. In the Palmyra area itself, large multi-denominational revivals occurred in 1816–17 and 1824–25. Within eight miles of the Smith family farm, at least four Methodist, three Presbyterian, two Baptist, and several Quaker groups held regular meetings. Despite the large number of congregations however, only about 11% of Palmyra residents belonged to any organized religion in 1820, which was in line with the national average.
Besides organized religion, the Smith family was exposed to a number of other belief systems. A large ill-defined group of early Americans have been lumped into the term "seekers". This group held a heterogeneous set of beliefs; including that religion with creeds were unnecessary and the apostolic church no longer was on the earth. Cunning folk traditions or folk magic was also prevalent in Palmyra; intertwined and considered congruous with Christianity. Deism, the belief that God exists but does not intervene in earth, also had a growing hold in American culture with the publication of Thomas Paine's popular book The Age of Reason.
Richard Bushman has called the spiritual tradition of the Smith family "a religious melee." Like many other Americans living on the frontier at the beginning of the 19th century, Smith and his family believed in visions, dreams, and other communications with God. In 1811, Smith's maternal grandfather, Solomon Mack, described a series of visions and voices from God that resulted in his conversion to Christianity at the age of seventy-six.
Joseph Smith's mother, Lucy Mack Smith, had a "believers baptism" early in her marriage, but did not formally join to any denomination early in her marriage. Joseph Smith Sr. was a combination of deist and seeker, who was skeptical of organized religion, but not irreligious. Before Smith was born, Lucy went to a grove near her home in Vermont and prayed about her husband's repudiation of evangelical religion. That night she said she had a dream which she interpreted as a prophecy that Joseph Sr. would later accept the "pure and undefiled Gospel of the Son of God." She also stated that Smith Sr. had a number of dreams or visions between 1811 and 1819, the first of which occurring when his mind was "much excited upon the subject of religion." The first of Joseph Sr.'s visions confirmed to him the correctness of his refusal to join any organized religious group. Smith's father additionally joined the local masonic lodge, with Smith's older brother Hyrum sometime shortly after arriving in Palmyra.
Smith's older brother Alvin did not join any organized religion. Lucy said that after Alvin died in late 1823, she sought comfort in religion, and formally joined the Presbyterian church in either 1824 or 1825 along with her children Hyrum, Samuel and Sophronia.
Dating the First Vision
Smith never gave a specific date of his reported vision, but said it occurred in the early 1820s, when he was in his early teens. In the 1832 account Smith says that from age twelve to fifteen he was pondering the situation of the world in his heart, placing the vision in 1821. Smith's scribe Frederick G. Williams inserted into the 1832 account that it had occurred "in the 16th year of [his] age" or 1821. In the 1838 account, Smith said the vision took place "early in the spring of eighteen hundred and twenty." In both his 1835 and 1842 account, Smith wrote that it occurred when "about fourteen years of age."
Historians have looked at contextual clues from the accounts to further narrow down the date. In the 1838 account Smith noted the following events:
"Sometime in the second year after our removal to Manchester, there was in the place where we lived an unusual excitement on the subject of religion"
"(The unusual excitement) commenced with the Methodist"
"(The unusual excitement) soon became general among all the sects in that region of country, ... and great multitudes united themselves to the different religious parties, which created no small stir and division among the people"
"My Fathers family was proselyted to the Presbyterian faith and four of them joined that Church, Namely, My Mother Lucy, My Brothers Hyrum, Samuel Harrison, and my Sister Sophronia."
"It was on the morning of a beautiful clear day early in the spring"
Each of these details have been the subject of significant research and debated widely among historians, critics, apologists and polemicists, sparking a variety of historical and theological interpretations. In the fall of 1967 the Reverend Wesley P. Walters published a pamphlet asserting that the "unusual excitement" Joseph Smith wrote of matched the Palmyra revival of 1824, and was anachronistic to the 1820 setting. Walters' pamphlet created a stir, and provoked a strong response from scholars at Brigham Young University (BYU). By spring of 1968 BYU Professor Truman G. Madsen organized around three dozen scholars to respond to Walters, and wrote to the First Presidency of the LDS Church that the "first vision has come under severe historical attack." Walters's thesis and the subsequent response has framed the historical debate.
Dating the move to Manchester
Local moves of the Smith family have been used in attempts to identify the date of the vision. Smith wrote that the First Vision occurred in "the second year after our removal to Manchester." The evidence for the date of this move has been interpreted by many believers as supporting 1820 and by non-believers as supporting 1824. Manchester land assessment records show an increase in assessed value of the Smith property in 1823. Because the tax assessment of the Smiths' Manchester land rose in 1823, critics argue that the Smiths completed their Manchester cabin in 1822, which suggests an approximate date of 1824 for the First Vision. Joseph Smith Sr. was first taxed for Manchester land in 1820. In 1821 and 1822, the land was valued at $700, but in 1823, the property was assessed at $1000, which may indicate "that the Smiths had completed construction of their cabin and cleared a significant portion of their land". In response, some Mormon apologists argue that in 1818, the Smiths mistakenly constructed a cabin 59 feet north of the actual property line (which would have been in Palmyra rather than Manchester) and the 1823 increase in the property assessment was related to the completion of a wood frame home on the Manchester side of the Palmyra–Manchester township line. The latter interpretation would lend support for dating the First Vision to 1820.
Dating the revival
Richard Bushman wrote that Smith "began to be concerned about religion in late 1817 or early 1818, when the aftereffects of the revival of 1816 and 1817 were still being felt." Milton V. Backman wrote that religious outbreaks occurred in 1819–20 within a fifty-mile radius of Smith's home: "Church records, newspapers, religious journals, and other contemporary sources clearly reveal that great awakenings occurred in more than fifty western New York towns or villages during the revival of 1819–1820 .... Primary sources also specify that great multitudes joined the Methodist, Presbyterian, and Calvinist Baptist societies in the region of country where Joseph Smith lived." Richard Lloyd Anderson has pointed out that there was a Methodist Camp Meeting in Palmyra in 1818, with about 400 in attendance, that is verified by a contemporary journal. This agrees with the three-year time frame of his pondering on religion mentioned in Smith's 1832 account. Backman cited evidence of a Methodist Camp Meeting in Palmyra in June 1820.
Dating the Smith family conversions to Presbyterianism
In the 1838 version of the First Vision (first published in 1842) that has been canonized by the LDS Church, his family's decision to join the Presbyterian Church occurs in the same year as his First Vision.
The draft copy of Lucy Mack Smith's history does not mention the first vision at all. However, the fair copy, penned by the same scribe as the draft copy, and which was in the possession of Lucy and on which she registered a copyright, includes in the narrative a copy of the 1838 version of the first vision, beginning with Joseph's words "I was at this time in my fifteenth year." After the first vision account, Lucy continues with "From this time until the 21st of Sep. 1823, Joseph continued as usual to labor with his father; and nothing during this interval of very great importance..." At this point Lucy describes the visitations of Moroni and the promise of the golden plates, followed by the death of Alvin, in November 1823.
Lucy then states that she and some of her children sought comfort in the religious revival after Alvin's death. This statement has been taken to refer to her and three of the children (Hyrum, Samuel, and Sophronia) joining the Presbyterian church. If so, and if Joseph's statement that they joined this church in the same year as his first vision is accurate, then the first vision would have taken place in 1824. However, this conclusion requires ignoring both Joseph's statement that the first vision occurred during his fifteenth year and Lucy's chronology in the fair copy. Alternatively, D. Michael Quinn says that Joseph Smith's account is a conflation of events over several years, a typical biographical device for streamlining the narrative.
Dating the "beautiful, clear day"
In the 1838 account Smith said that this vision occurred "on the morning of a beautiful, clear day, early in the spring of eighteen hundred and twenty." Two Latter-day Saints, researching weather reports and maple sugar production records, argue in a non-peer-reviewed magazine article that the most likely exact date for the First Vision was Palm Sunday, March 26, 1820. Mark Staker, an expert on the sacred grove site, states that early spring would be "sometime in most likely March, April, or the beginning weeks of May."
Recorded accounts of the vision
The importance of the First Vision within the Latter Day Saint movement evolved over time. There is little evidence that Smith discussed the First Vision publicly prior to 1830. Mormon historian James B. Allen notes that:
The fact that none of the available contemporary writings about Joseph Smith in the 1830s, none of the publications of the Church in that decade, and no contemporary journal or correspondence yet discovered mentions the story of the first vision is convincing evidence that at best it received only limited circulation in those early days.
1830s reference to early Christian regeneration
In June 1830, Smith provided the first clear record of a significant personal religious experience prior to the visit of the angel Moroni. At that time, Smith and his associate Oliver Cowdery were establishing the Church of Christ, the first Latter Day Saint church. In the "Articles and Covenants of the Church of Christ," Smith recounted his early history, noting
"For, after that it truly was manifested unto [Smith] that he had received remission of his sins, he was entangled again in the vanities of the world, but after truly repenting, God visited him by an holy angel ... and gave unto him power, by the means which was before prepared that he should translate a book."
No further explanation of this "manifestation" is provided. Although the reference was later linked to the First Vision, its original hearers would have understood the manifestation as simply another of many revival experiences in which the subject testified that his sins had been forgiven.
1832 Smith account
The earliest extant account of the First Vision was handwritten by Smith in 1832 in a letter book, but its existence was not known outside the Church History department until it was published in 1965. Sometime around 1930, the pages on which the account was written were torn from the letter book, removed from the Church Historian's collection and placed into a private safe in the custody of Apostle Joseph Fielding Smith. In 1952, General Authority Levi E. Young met with amateur historian LaMar Peterson and told him of a "strange account" in Joseph's handwriting that did not mention God the Father. In 1964, Peterson told Jerald and Sandra Tanner about the account, and they subsequently asked permission from Joseph Fielding Smith to see it, but were denied. In 1964, Smith authorized the showing of the account to Paul R. Cheesman, a BYU student working on his master's thesis. The Tanners obtained a copy of the thesis transcript and the account was published for the first time in 1965.
[T]he Lord heard my cry in the wilderness and while in <the> attitude of calling upon the Lord <in the 16th year of my age> a pillar of fire light above the brightness of the sun at noon day come down from above and rested upon me and I was filled with the spirit of god and the <Lord> opened the heavens upon me and I saw the Lord and he spake unto me saying Joseph <my son> thy sins are forgiven thee. go thy <way> walk in my statutes and keep my commandments behold I am the Lord of glory I was crucifyed for the world that all those who believe on my name may have Eternal life <behold> the world lieth in sin and at this time and none doeth good no not one they have turned aside from the gospel and keep not <my> commandments they draw near to me with their lips while their hearts are far from me and mine anger is kindling against the inhabitants of the earth to visit them according to th[e]ir ungodliness and to bring to pass that which <hath> been spoken by the mouth of the prophets and Ap[o]stles behold and lo I come quickly as it [is] written of me in the cloud <clothed> in the glory of my Father ...."
Unlike Smith's later accounts of the vision, the 1832 account emphasizes personal forgiveness and mentions neither an appearance of God the Father nor the phrase "This is my beloved Son, hear him." In the 1832 account, Smith also stated that before he experienced the First Vision, his own searching of the scriptures had led him to the conclusion that mankind had "apostatized from the true and living faith and there was no society or denomination that built upon the Gospel of Jesus Christ as recorded in the new testament."
1834 Cowdery account
In several issues of the Mormon periodical Messenger and Advocate (1834–35), Oliver Cowdery wrote an early biography of Smith. In one issue, Cowdery explained that Smith was confused by the different religions and local revivals during his "15th year" (1820), leading him to wonder which church was the true one. In the next issue of the biography, Cowdery explained that reference to Smith's "15th year" was a typographical error, and that actually the revivals and religious confusion took place in Smith's "17th year."
Therefore, according to Cowdery, the religious confusion led Smith to pray in his bedroom, late on the night of September 23, 1823, after the others had gone to sleep, to know which of the competing denominations was correct and whether "a Supreme being did exist." In response, an angel appeared and granted him forgiveness of his sins. The remainder of the story roughly parallels Smith's later description of a visit by an angel in 1823 who told him about the golden plates. Thus, Cowdery's account, containing a single vision, differs from Smith's 1832 account, which contains two separate visions, one in 1821 prompted by religious confusion (the First Vision) and a separate one regarding the plates on September 22, 1822. Cowdery's account also differs from Smith's 1842 account, which includes a First Vision in 1820 and a second vision on September 22, 1823.
1835 Smith accounts
On November 9, 1835, Smith dictated an account of the First Vision in his diary after telling it to a stranger who had visited his home earlier that day. Smith said that when perplexed about religions matters, he had gone to a grove to pray but that his tongue seemed swollen in his mouth and that he had been interrupted twice by the sound of someone walking behind him. Finally, as he prayed, he said his tongue was loosed, and he saw a pillar of fire in which an unidentified "personage" appeared. Then another unidentified personage told Smith his sins were forgiven and "testified unto [Smith] that Jesus Christ is the Son of God." An interlineation in the text notes, "and I saw many angels in this vision." Smith said this vision occurred when he was 14 years old and that when he was 17, he "saw another vision of angels in the night season after I had retired to bed" (referring to the later visit of the angel Moroni who showed him the location of the golden plates). Smith identified none of these personages or angels with "the Lord" as he had in 1832.
A few days later, on November 14, 1835, Smith told the story to another visitor, Erastus Holmes. In his journal, Smith said that he had recited his life story "up to the time I received the first visitation of angels, which was when I was about fourteen years old."
1838 Smith account
In 1838, Smith began dictating a history, introduced as "I have been induced to write this history ... in relation both to myself and the Church." This history included a new account of the First Vision, later published in three issues of Times and Seasons. This version was later incorporated into the Pearl of Great Price, which was canonized by the LDS Church in 1880, as Joseph Smith–History. Thus, it is often called the "canonized version" of the First Vision story.
This version differs from the 1840 version because it includes the proclamation, "This is My Beloved Son, hear Him" from one of the personages, whereas the 1840 version does not. The canonized version says that in the spring of 1820, during a period of "confusion and strife among the different denominations" following an "unusual excitement on the subject of religion", Smith had debated which of the various Christian groups he should join. While in turmoil, he read from the Epistle of James: "If any of you lack wisdom, let him ask of God, that giveth to all men liberally, and upbraideth not; and it shall be given him."
One morning, deeply impressed by this scripture, the fourteen-year-old Smith went to the woods near his home, knelt, and began his first vocal prayer. Almost immediately he was confronted by an evil power that prevented speech. A darkness gathered around him, and Smith believed that he would be destroyed. He continued the prayer silently, asking for God's assistance though still resigned to destruction. At this moment a light brighter than the sun descended towards him, and he was delivered from the evil power.
In the light, Smith "saw two personages standing in the air". One pointed to the other and said, "This is My Beloved Son, hear Him." Smith asked which religious sect he should join and was told to join none of them because all existing religions had corrupted the teachings of Jesus Christ.
In his 1838 account, Smith wrote that he made an oblique reference to the vision to his mother in 1820, telling her the day it happened that he had "learned for [him]self that Presbyterianism is not true." Lucy did not mention this conversation in her memoirs in her own words, but included the narrative from Joseph's 1838 account directly.
Smith wrote he "could find none that would believe" his experience. He said that shortly after the experience, he told the story of his revelation to a Methodist minister who responded "with great contempt, saying it was all of the devil, that there was no such thing as visions or revelations in these days; that all such things had ceased with the apostles, and that there never would be any more of them." He also said that the telling of his vision story "excited a great deal of prejudice against me among professors of religion, and was the cause of great persecution, which continued to increase." There is no extant evidence from the 1830s for this persecution beyond Smith's own testimony. None of the earliest anti-Mormon literature mentioned the First Vision. Smith also said he told others about the vision during the 1820s, and some family members said that they had heard him mention it, but none prior to 1823, when Smith said he had his second vision. Joseph's mother recorded the 1820-23 persecution of Joseph in her memoir, stating "From this time until the 21st of Sep. 1823, Joseph continued as usual to labor with his father; and nothing during this interval occurred of very great importance; though he suffered, as one would naturally suppose every kind of opposition and persecution from the different orders of religion."
1840 Pratt account
In September 1840, Orson Pratt published a version of the First Vision in England. This version states that after Smith saw the light, "his mind was caught away, from the natural objects with which he was surrounded; and he was enwrapped in a heavenly vision." Pratt's account referred to "two glorious personages who exactly resembled each other in their features or likeness".
1842 Wentworth Letter
In 1842, two years before his death, Smith wrote to John Wentworth, editor of the Chicago Democrat, outlining the basic beliefs of his church and including an account of the First Vision. Smith said that he had been "about fourteen years of age" when he had received the First Vision. Like the Pratt account, Smith's Wentworth letter said that his "mind was taken away from the objects with which I was surrounded, and I was enwrapped in a heavenly vision." and had seen "two glorious personages who exactly resembled each other in features, and likeness, surrounded with a brilliant light which eclipsed the sun at noon-day." Smith said he was told that no religious denomination "was acknowledged of God as his church and kingdom" and that he was "expressly commanded to 'go not after them.'"
Smith's accounts found in later reminiscences
In the rough draft of her autobiography, Smith's mother, Lucy Mack Smith, describes her son being visited in 1823 by an angel, who told him "...there is not a true church on the Earth," but does not include a First Vision narrative. The fair copy of the autobiography, prepared under Lucy's direction by the scribe who had also penned the rough draft, includes in the narrative a copy of the 1838 version of the First Vision from Times and Seasons.
Late in his life, Smith's brother William gave two accounts of the First Vision, dating it to 1823, when William was twelve years old. William said the religious excitement in Palmyra had occurred in 1822–23 (rather than the actual date of 1824–25); that it was stimulated by the preaching of a Methodist, the Rev. George Lane, a "great revival preacher"; and that his mother and some of his siblings had then joined the Presbyterian church.
William Smith said he based his account on what Joseph had told William and the rest of his family the day after the First Vision:
[A] light appeared in the heavens, and descended until it rested upon the trees where he was. It appeared like fire. But to his great astonishment, did not burn the trees. An angel then appeared to him and conversed with him upon many things. He told him that none of the sects were right; but that if he was faithful in keeping the commandments he should receive, the true way should be made known to him; that his sins were forgiven, etc.
In an 1884 account, William also stated that when Joseph first saw the light above the trees in the grove, he fell unconscious for an undetermined amount of time, after which he awoke and heard "the personage whom he saw" speak to him.
Comparison of written accounts
In the first written accounts of the First Vision, the central theme is personal forgiveness, while in later accounts the focus shifts to the apostasy and corruption of churches. In early accounts, Smith seems reluctant to talk about the vision; in later versions, various details are mentioned that were not mentioned in the earliest narratives.
Jerald and Sandra Tanner cite the multiple versions of the First Vision as evidence that it may have been fabricated by Smith. For instance, they have specifically pointed out that it is unclear between various versions whether Smith was 14 or 15 at the time of the vision; whether he attended a contemporaneous religious revival; whether the supernatural personages told Smith that his sins were forgiven; whether the personages were angels, Jesus, God, or some combination; and whether Smith had already determined for himself that all churches were false before he experienced the vision. However, Stephen Prothero argues that any historian should expect to find differences in narratives written many years apart, and that the key elements are present in all the accounts.
Some believers view differences in the accounts as overstated. Richard L. Anderson wrote, "What are the main problems of interpreting so many accounts? The first problem is the interpreter. One person perceives harmony and interconnections while another overstates differences." Other believers view the differences in the accounts as reflective of Smith's increase in maturity and knowledge over time.
The following table compares elements of First Vision accounts:
Accounts of others:
Interpretations and responses to the vision
Smith said that he was persecuted by local "professors of religion" after sharing his story. Historian D. Michael Quinn noted that at the time, the Smith family practiced various Cunning Folk traditions that were criticized by leaders of organized religion, and that Smith's vision may have given Smith confidence to ignore those leaders and continue being an active participant in the Cunning Folk culture.
Among contemporary denominations of the Latter Day Saint movement, the First Vision is typically viewed as a significant (often the most significant) event in the latter day restoration of the Church of Christ. However, the faiths differ in their teachings about the vision's precise meaning and details. Secular scholars and non-Mormons view the vision as a deliberate deception, false memory, delusion, or hallucination, or some combination of these.
The Godhead in Latter Day Saint theology
The first vision is often used to illustrate various LDS doctrines about the attributes of God and the nature of the Godhead. The LDS Church teaches that the vision shows that the members of the Godhead are three separate beings.
In academia it is assumed that differences Smith's first vision accounts reflect an evolving concept of the Godhead. For example, references to God in the early writings by Smith, including the Book of Mormon, can be seen as more Trinitarian or modalistic, where God is a single entity, but manifests himself in different modes, sometimes as the Father, sometimes as the Son, but always as an expression of the same one God. Modalism was common in upstate New York at the time, so the appearance of a single personage (Jesus) in Smith's 1832 account would be consistent with prevailing modalistic thought.
Smith's early revelations and writings frequently referred to the Father and the Son being one, but after May 1833, he never again referred to God the Father and Jesus as being one. In 1835, the Lectures on Faith were published as part of the Doctrine and Covenants, teaching a form of Binitarianism where the Father is a "personage of the spirit" and the Son is a "personage of tabernacle" looking exactly the same in appearance, with the Holy Ghost being the shared mind between them. Joseph Smith's later accounts of the First Vision reflects the theology of the Lectures on Faith, for example, the 1835 account notes that "a personage appeared in the midst of this pillar of flame, ... Another personage soon appeared, like unto the first." By the 1840s Smith was teaching a form of social trinitarianism—that members of the Godhead were separate and distinct individuals united in purpose.
LDS Church scholars generally do not accept the view that the early Latter Day Saints were modalists or binitarian. Smith himself also rejected criticism that his views of God had changed, saying "I have always declared God to be a distinct personage, Jesus Christ a separate and distinct personage from God the Father, and that the Holy Ghost was a distinct personage and a Spirit: and these three constitute three distinct personages and three Gods."
Early awareness by Latter Day Saints
The importance of the First Vision within the Latter Day Saint movement evolved over time. Early adherents were unaware of the details of the vision until 1840, when the earliest accounts were published in Great Britain. An account of the First Vision was not published in the United States until 1842, shortly before Smith's death. Jan Shipps has written that the vision was "practically unknown" until an account of it was published in 1842. LDS historian Richard Bushman wrote, "At first, Joseph was reluctant to talk about his vision. Most early converts probably never heard about the 1820 vision."
Interpretation and use by the LDS Church
According to the LDS Church, the vision teaches that God the Father and Jesus Christ are separate beings with glorified bodies of flesh and bone; that mankind was literally created in the image of God; that Satan is real but God infinitely greater; that God hears and answers prayer; that no other contemporary church had the fullness of Christ's gospel; and that revelation has not ceased. In the 21st century, the vision features prominently in the Church's program of proselytism.
An official website of the LDS Church calls the First Vision "the greatest event in world history since the birth, ministry, and resurrection of Jesus Christ." In 1998, church president Gordon B. Hinckley declared,
Our entire case as members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints rests on the validity of this glorious First Vision. It was the parting of the curtain to open this, the dispensation of the fullness of times. Nothing on which we base our doctrine, nothing we teach, nothing we live by is of greater importance than this initial declaration. I submit that if Joseph Smith talked with God the Father and His Beloved Son, then all else of which he spoke is true. This is the hinge on which turns the gate that leads to the path of salvation and eternal life. In 1961, Hinckley had gone further: "Either Joseph Smith talked with the Father and the Son or he did not. If he did not, we are engaged in a blasphemy." Likewise, in a January 2007 interview conducted for the PBS documentary The Mormons, Hinckley said of the First Vision, "it's either true or false. If it's false, we're engaged in a great fraud. If it's true, it's the most important thing in the world .... That's our claim. That's where we stand, and that's where we fall, if we fall. But we don't. We just stand secure in that faith."
A 2012 Pew Research survey of self-identified members of the LDS Church asked how important believing that Joseph Smith saw God the Father and Jesus Christ was to being a "good Mormon." 80% responded that it was essential, 13% responded that it was important but not essential, and 6% responded that it was either not too, or not at all essential.
Historical usage
The canonical First Vision story was not emphasized in the sermons of Smith's immediate successors, Brigham Young and John Taylor, within the LDS Church. Hugh Nibley noted that although a "favorite theme of Brigham Young's was the tangible, personal nature of God," he "never illustrates [the theme] by any mention of the first vision." This is not to say that Young did not teach about the First Vision, since he clearly did on multiple occasions.
Taylor gave a complete account of the First Vision story in an 1850 letter written as he began missionary work in France, and he may have alluded to it in a discourse given in 1859. Throughout the late 1870s and 1880s, Taylor made multiple, explicit references to the First Vision in his sermons, books and letters. These included his 1886 letter to his family, one of his last major theological pronouncements in which he stated "God revealed Himself, as also the Lord Jesus Christ, unto his servant the Prophet Joseph Smith".
Three non-Mormon students of Mormonism, Douglas Davies, Kurt Widmer, and Jan Shipps, agree that the church's emphasis on the First Vision was a "'late development', only gaining an influential status in LDS reflection late in the nineteenth century." The first important visual representation of the First Vision was painted by the Danish convert C. C. A. Christensen sometime between 1869 and 1878; George Manwaring, inspired by the artist, wrote a hymn about the First Vision ("Oh, How Lovely Was the Morning", later renamed "Joseph Smith's First Prayer"), first published in 1884.
Widmer states that it was primarily through "the post 1883 sermons of Latter-day Saint Apostle George Q. Cannon that the modern interpretation and significance of the First Vision in Mormonism began to take shape." As the sympathetic but non-Mormon historian Jan Shipps has written, "When the first generation of leadership died off, leaving the community to be guided mainly by men who had not known Joseph, the First Vision emerged as a symbol that could keep the slain Mormon leader at center stage." The centennial anniversary of the vision in 1920 "was a far cry from the almost total lack of reference to it just fifty years before." By 1939, even George D. Pyper, the Church's Sunday School superintendent and manager of the Mormon Tabernacle Choir, found it "surprising that none of the first song writers wrote intimately of the first vision."
Church president Joseph F. Smith helped raise the First Vision to its modern status as a pillar of church theology. Largely through Joseph F. Smith's influence, Smith's 1838 account of the First Vision became part of the canon of the church in 1880 when the faith canonized Smith's early history as part of the Pearl of Great Price. After plural marriage ended at the turn of the 20th century, Joseph F. Smith heavily promoted the First Vision, and it soon replaced polygamy in the minds of adherents as the main defining element of Mormonism and the source of the faith's perception of persecution by outsiders. From 1905 to 1912, the story of the First Vision began to be incorporated into church histories, missionary tracts, and Sunday school lesson manuals. As a result, belief in the First Vision is now considered fundamental to the faith, second in importance only to belief in the divinity of Jesus.
In 1920, the LDS Church held a commemoration in the Sacred Grove to celebrate the 100th anniversary of the First Vision. At the 200th anniversary in 2020, a video recording of church president Russell M. Nelson reading "The Restoration of the Fulness of the Gospel of Jesus Christ: A Bicentennial Proclamation to the World" in the grove was released at the church's general conference.
Perspectives within the Community of Christ
The Community of Christ generally refers to the First Vision as the "grove experience" and takes a flexible view about its historicity, emphasizing "the healing presence of God and the forgiving mercy of Christ" felt by Joseph Smith. The modern church is Trinitarian, and in contrast to the LDS Church, does not use the First Vision as evidence for the Godhead being three separate beings.
William Smith, a younger brother of Smith, and a key figure in the early Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints (RLDS Church, renamed the Community of Christ in 2001) gave several accounts of the First Vision, although in 1883 he stated that a "more elaborate and accurate description of his vision" was to be found in Smith's own history.
The RLDS Church did not emphasize the First Vision during the 19th century. In the early-20th century, there was a revival of interest, and during most of the century, the First Vision was viewed as an essential element of the Restoration. In many cases, it was taught as the foundation and even the embodiment of the Restoration. The vision was also interpreted as a justification for the exclusive authority of the RLDS Church as the Church of Christ.
In the mid- to late-20th century, writers within the RLDS Church emphasized the First Vision as an illustration of the centrality of Jesus. The church began taking a broader view of the vision, and used it as an example of how God evolves the church over time through revelation and restoration. There was less emphasis on the Great Apostasy and a growing belief that the First Vision itself was not necessarily identical with Smith's later reconstructions and interpretations of the vision, what one RLDS Church Historian has called "genuine historical sophistication." In 1980, this Church Historian noted that he had "systematically brought to the attention" of hundreds of church members "the substantive differences in half a dozen accounts of the First Vision" and expressed his satisfaction that RLDS scholars, "deeply moved and augmented by the presence of the wondrously diverse and conflicting accounts of the First Vision," could "begin the exciting work of developing a mythology of Latter Day Saint beginnings."
View of The Church of Jesus Christ (Bickertonite)
The Church of Jesus Christ (Bickertonite), a Rigdonite branch with 15,000 members headquartered in Pennsylvania, has had an independent history since the 1844 succession crisis. The church refers to the vision obliquely in a lengthy excerpt from Smith's 1842 account included in its official literature, in which the date "1820" and "a personage" (singular, not plural) are mentioned in paraphrases.
Church of Christ (Temple Lot)
The Church of Christ (Temple Lot), a branch with 7000 adherents, rejects many of Smith's post-1832 revelations. Nevertheless, the church uses several elements of the 1842 account of the First Vision, including Smith's desire to know which church he should join, his reading of James 1:5, his prayer in the grove, the appearance of God the Father and Jesus Christ, the statement by Jesus that all existing churches were corrupt, and the instruction that Smith should join none of them.
Criticism and response
Writing of the "unusual excitement on the subject of religion" described in the First Vision story canonized by the LDS Church, Milton V. Backman said that although "the tools of the historian" could neither verify nor challenge the First Vision, "records of the past can be examined to determine the reliability of Joseph's description regarding the historical setting." Grant Palmer and other critics claim that there are serious discrepancies between the various accounts, as well as anachronisms revealed by lack of contemporary corroboration. Other critics, like Fawn Brodie and Jerald and Sandra Tanner argue that the Smith's accounts are not unique and not much different from similar visions and accounts being reported by others, such as Elias Smith and Asa Wild, around the same time.
Leaders of the LDS Church have acknowledged that the First Vision as well as the Book of Mormon and Smith himself constitute "stumbling blocks for many." Apostle Neal A. Maxwell wrote:
In our own time, Joseph Smith, the First Vision, and the Book of Mormon constitute stumbling blocks for many—around which they cannot get—unless they are meek enough to examine all the evidence at hand, not being exclusionary as a result of accumulated attitudes in a secular society. Humbleness of mind is the initiator of expansiveness of mind.
In a 2007 PBS documentary, Richard Mouw, an evangelical theologian and student of Mormonism, summarized his feelings about the First Vision:
My instinct is to attribute a sincerity to Joseph Smith. And yet at the same time, as an evangelical Christian, I do not believe that the members of the godhead really appeared to him and told him that he should start on a mission of, among other things, denouncing the kinds of things that I believe as a Presbyterian. I can't believe that. And yet at the same time, I really don't believe that he was simply making up a story that he knew to be false in order to manipulate people and to gain power over a religious movement. And so I live with the mystery.
Side-by-side comparison of Joseph Smith vision accounts
Notes
References
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Further reading
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External links
The canonized version, from ChurchofJesusChrist.org.
1820 in Christianity
1820 in New York (state)
Angelic apparitions
Christophany
History of the Latter Day Saint movement
Joseph Smith
Latter Day Saint doctrines regarding deity
Latter Day Saint movement in New York (state)
Latter Day Saint terms
Mormonism-related controversies
Theophany
Visions (spirituality) |
Santa María District is one of twelve districts of the province Huaura in Peru.
References |
Brad Howard Greenberg (born February 24, 1954) is an American basketball coach.
Early life and college playing career
Greenberg was one of three sons of Marilyn and Ralph Greenberg of Plainview, New York, on Long Island. One of his brothers, Seth, would also grow up to be a college basketball coach. Brad Greenberg graduated from John F. Kennedy High School in 1972, then went to Washington State University as a freshman and played on the Washington State Cougars basketball team. He transferred to American University in Washington, D.C., and lettered in basketball from 1974 to 1977. Greenberg graduated from American University with a B.A. in interdisciplinary studies in athletics, media, and society.
Coaching career
Greenberg began his coaching career in 1977 as an assistant coach at his alma mater American University. From 1978 to 1984, he was an assistant coach at Saint Joseph's University under Jim Lynam. During Greenberg's time as assistant coach, Saint Joseph's appeared in the NIT in 1979, 1980, and 1984 and the NCAA tournament in 1981 and 1982, including a run to the Elite Eight in 1981. Saint Joseph's also was the 1979–80 regular season champion in the East Coast Conference (ECC) and won the 1981 and 1982 ECC tournaments.
In 1984, Greenberg followed Lynam to the NBA's Los Angeles Clippers, again as an assistant coach. Don Chaney replaced Lynam as head coach in the middle of the season, and Greenberg remained on Chaney's staff until 1986. In the season, Greenberg was an assistant coach for the New York Knicks under head coach Bob Hill.
Greenberg returned to coaching basketball in 2003 after nearly 15 years as an administrator. He joined the staff of head coach and younger brother Seth Greenberg at Virginia Tech. In 2004, Brad Greenberg was promoted to associate head coach. Virginia Tech made the 2005 NIT and 2007 NCAA tournament during Brad Greenberg's stint as assistant coach.
Greenberg was named head coach at Radford University in 2007. In four seasons at Radford, Greenberg had an overall 55–68 record: 10–20 in 2007–08, 21–12 in 2008–09 (including the Big South tournament championship and appearance in the NCAA tournament), 19–12 in 2009–10, and 5–23 in 2010–11.
He resigned his position at Radford University on May 18, 2011, amid NCAA investigations. In February 2012, Radford received two years of probation from the NCAA, but no postseason ban, for major recruiting violations. Greenberg was hit with a five-year show-cause penalty, which effectively barred him from college coaching during that period.
He coached the Bucaneros de La Guaira of the Venezuelan League, in 2011–12, and the team finished the regular season with a 20–16 record and a 3rd place regular season finish. The highest regular season finish in club history at that time.
He was formerly an assistant on former NBA head coach Eric Musselman's coaching staff for the senior Venezuela national basketball team that hosted FIBA's 2012 Men's Basketball Olympic Qualifying Tournament.
On July 7, 2017, Greenberg was named Maccabi Ashdod head coach, signing a two-year deal. In his first season with Ashdod, he led them to the 2018 Israeli League Playoffs as the fourth seed, but they eventually were eliminated by Hapoel Tel Aviv.
On June 16, 2019, Greenberg signed a one-year contract extension with Ashdod. His contract was extended for the 2019/2020 season however the club was dragging down and when the Coronavirus struck, Greenberg left the team; which was demoted by the end of the season.
On July 22, 2019, Greenberg was named Canada national team assistant coach for the 2019 FIBA World Cup.
On August 5, 2020, he has signed with Ironi Nes Ziona of the Israeli Premier League. On April 25, 2021, he led Ness Ziona to a FIBA Europe Cup title.
On September 2, 2021, he signed with the Guaynabo Mets of the Baloncesto Superior Nacional of Puerto Rico league as Head Coach.
Scouting and administrative career
In 1989, he joined the Portland Trail Blazers front office as director of player personnel and remained in that position (renamed vice president of player personnel in 1992) until 1995.
In the season, Greenberg was general manager and vice president of basketball operations for the Philadelphia 76ers. During his stint as general manager, the Philadelphia 76ers drafted scoring sensation Allen Iverson, dubbed by Philly fans as "The Answer," with 1996's first overall pick. In Iverson's third NBA season, the Sixers ended a string of seven consecutive losing seasons and simultaneously started a five-season NBA playoff run. However, Greenberg was fired after the 76ers finished the season 22–60.
Greenberg has also worked as a scout for various NBA teams and other agencies. In 2000, he was an executive at HoopsTV.com. From 2001 to 2003, Greenberg was director of basketball operations at the University of South Florida.
Head coaching record
College
Israeli Basketball Super League
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Maccabi Haifa
|2012–13
| 27||17||10||.630|| style="text-align:center;"|2nd||9||7||2||.778
| style="text-align:center;"|Won BSL Final
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Hapoel Jerusalem
|2013–14
| 28||21||7||.750|| style="text-align:center;"|2nd||8||4||4||.500
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in semi-finals
|- class="sortbottom"
| colspan=2|Career
| 55||38||17||.690|| style="text-align:center;"|2nd||17||11||6||.647
|
|-
References
Living people
1954 births
American basketball scouts
American Eagles men's basketball coaches
American Eagles men's basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Israel
American expatriate basketball people in Turkey
American expatriate basketball people in Venezuela
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from New York (state)
Basketball players from New York (state)
College basketball controversies in the United States
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Hapoel Jerusalem B.C. coaches
Jewish American sportspeople
Jewish men's basketball players
Los Angeles Clippers assistant coaches
National Basketball Association controversies
National Basketball Association executives
NCAA sanctions
New York Knicks assistant coaches
People from Plainview, New York
Portland Trail Blazers executives
Radford Highlanders men's basketball coaches
Saint Joseph's Hawks men's basketball coaches
South Florida Bulls men's basketball coaches
Sportspeople from Nassau County, New York
Virginia Tech Hokies men's basketball coaches
Washington State Cougars men's basketball players |
Vaughan Glaser (November 17, 1872 – November 23, 1958) was an American stage and film actor. His stage career started a long time before the First World War; he often appeared opposite Fay Courteney in the 1910s. He appeared in numerous Broadway productions between 1902 and 1945. Glaser made his film debut in 1939 as the high-school principal Bradley in What a Life (1939), a role which he had already played in the Broadway play of the same name.
Glaser continued his role during the 1940s as Mr. Bradley in the Henry Aldrich film series, which was based on What a Life. The character actor is also notable for his appearance as the blind and wise uncle of Priscilla Lane in Alfred Hitchcock's thriller Saboteur. He also portrayed supporting roles in the Frank Capra movies Meet John Doe and Arsenic and Old Lace. Glaser retired from film business after 21 films in five years.
Filmography
References
External links
1872 births
1958 deaths
American male film actors
American male stage actors
20th-century American male actors |
Three referendums were held in Liechtenstein during 2011. The first on approving the registered partnership law was held between 17 and 19 June, and was approved by 68.8% of voters. The law went into effect on 1 September. The second was held on 18 September on allowing abortion within the first twelve weeks of pregnancy. Prince Alois had threatened to veto the result of the referendum should it have turned out in favour, but ultimately it was rejected by voters. The third was on building a new national hospital in Vaduz was held on 30 October, and was also rejected.
Registered partnership law
The registered partnership law (Lebenspartnerschaft) was passed unanimously by the Landtag of Liechtenstein in the second reading on March 16 and published on March 21, 2011. However, the group Vox Populi, led by a cousin of archbishop Wolfgang Haas, announced its intention to force a referendum. According to the constitution, the organisation had until 21 April (30 days) to collect at least 1000 signatures. Because the necessary signatures were gathered (1208 valid signatures), a referendum was held on the evening of 17 June and the morning of 19 June 2011.
Campaign
The registered partnership law was supported by the government and all parties in the Landtag, but opposed by the socially conservative advocacy group "Vox Populi" and the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Vaduz.
New hospital
On 28 June the Landtag passed a bill approving spending 83 million francs on the construction of a national hospital in Vaduz by 14 votes to 11. A request for an advisory referendum was rejected by 12 votes to 11, but a committee gathered 2,951 signatures between 8 July and 3 August, forcing a referendum.
Results
Registered partnerships
The referendum achieved a good turnout of about 70 percent as of Friday evening because of a large majority of voters who had already used postal voting. Total turnout was 74.2 percent.
Abortion
National hospital
References
External links
Referendums homepage Government of Liechtenstein
Website of supporters of the registered partnership law
Website of opponents of the registered partnership law
2011 referendums
2011 in Liechtenstein
Abortion in Liechtenstein
Health in Liechtenstein
LGBT rights in Liechtenstein
Referendums in Liechtenstein
Abortion referendums |
The painted terrapin, painted batagur, or saw-jawed turtle (Batagur borneoensis) is a species of turtles in the family Geoemydidae. It was formerly in its own genus, Callagur, but has been reclassified to the genus, Batagur.
Distribution
It is distributed in the rainforest of Brunei, Indonesia (Sumatra and Kalimantan), Malaysia, and Thailand.
Status
The painted terrapin is critically endangered species according to IUCN, listed in The World's Most 25 Endangered Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises 2011. It is listed in Appendix II, with a zero quota for commercial trade of wild-captured specimens according to the CITES meeting in Thailand, March 2013.
Batagur borneoensis is a priority species to be conserved in Indonesia according to Minister of Forestry Decree No. 57 Year 2008 about Strategic Direction of National Species Conservation 2008–18. In Malaysia, this species is protected by the World Wide Fund for Nature.
Threats
Harvesting by fishermen to eat, poaching to meet pet and food demand, habitat loss due to land conversion to palm oil, and fish and shrimp farming are major threats.
Conservation
Conservation efforts in Sumatra, Indonesia, are ongoing to increase wild populations by carrying out nesting patrols to secure and hatch the eggs, for later release into original habitats.
In Malaysia, the painted terrapin is protected through the WWF's hawksbill turtle and painted terrapin conservation project. The project aims establish the protection and effective management of critical nesting habitats of painted terrapins and their key habitats, through measures that are scientifically based and socially acceptable, and that can be sustained in the long term by government, the local community and other stakeholders.
References
External links
Photos of Callagur borneoensis at Empire of the Turtle
Freshwater Turtles and Tortoises Initiative in Sumatra: photos, education, field research, captive breeding
Batagur
Reptiles of Indonesia
Reptiles described in 1844
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
Robin Crispin William Odey (born January 1959) is a British hedge fund manager and founder of Odey Asset Management. According to Bloomberg in November 2017, he is "known for his bearish outlook" on the markets.
In June 2023, the Financial Times published an investigative report on Odey which alleged that he had sexually harassed or assaulted 13 women over the course of 25 years. Odey Asset Management announced shortly afterwards that Odey would be leaving the firm. Investors soon started pulling their money from the firm following the report, prompting it to suspend withdrawals. In late June 2023 the company suspended flagship hedge funds, and it was speculated that it might break up.
Early life and education
Odey was born in the East Riding of Yorkshire, the only son of (George) Richard Odey. His father was from a family of Yorkshire industrialists, and his grandfather George Odey, "a formidable bully", had been the Conservative MP for Beverley. His mother's maiden name was Clitherow. In 1980, his sister Caroline married the Hon. Henry David Montgomery, the son of David Montgomery, 2nd Viscount Montgomery of Alamein and heir apparent to the viscountcy. They have three children.
He was educated at Harrow School, where his father had been head boy, and graduated from Christ Church, Oxford in 1980 with a degree in history and economics. Soon after graduation, he found out that his father had huge debts, and the trustees of Hotham Hall, a 4,000-acre estate that had been in his mother's family since 1720, transferred it to him absolutely. Aged 23, he sold everything. According to Odey, his father was a "wastrel from beginning to end", and survived on handouts from his son.
Career
Early funds
After university Odey qualified as a barrister but instead of taking up a legal career, he joined Framlington fund managers, and then left to work for Barings International, where he managed the Baring European Growth Trust. He ran continental European pension funds at Framlington and Barings.
1991–2015: Odey Asset Management founding
Odey founded Odey Asset Management in 1991. George Soros was one of the original investors, seeding Odey $150 million. Odey suffered large losses in 1994 when the Federal Reserve unexpectedly lifted interest rates (one of his funds lost 44 per cent of its value), but went on to thrive, for instance by foreseeing that the value of insurers would rise after the September 11 attacks on New York in 2001. Through the early part of the 2000s, Odey worked closely with Hugh Hendry, whom he had recruited and who ran Odey's top performing Continental Europe Fund. Hendry left in 2005 to establish Eclectica Asset Management. In reference to Hendry, Odey himself said: "Odey in the 1990s was a one-man band; Odey in the 2000s was a two-man band".
According to The New York Times, Odey "came to prominence during the 2008 financial crisis when he shorted banking shares, a lucrative wager that helped him to earn almost 28 million pounds that year". That year his return was 54.8 per cent. He had been bearish about the position of banks for a number of years, shorting Bradford & Bingley as early as 2005, questioning the German Landesbanks and warning consistently about the dangers of debt and inflated house prices. He continued his short positions into early 2009 but in April took longer positions as he predicted the market rally of that year. The Times newspaper selected Odey as a "Business Big Shot" in 2008.
In May 2009, Odey attracted some controversy for saying in The Times that he would leave the country to avoid paying 50% income tax. He was at the centre of further controversy in 2009 when it was suggested that he financially backed anti-EU campaigners in the Irish referendum on the Lisbon Treaty while some hedge funds had taken out specific bets on the insolvency of the country in the event that the vote not be carried. The Treaty passed by a margin of 67.1 per cent to 32.9 per cent. In faxes sent to RTÉ and TV3, Odey denied that he had funded the Libertas "no" campaign.
In May 2010, Odey Asset Management formed a new investment management firm with Geneva's Bruellan Wealth Management called Odey Bruellan. In April 2011, the firm had $6.5 to $7 billion under management, with Odey personally running $4 billion of assets. Odey Asset Management's Odey European Inc. fund was ranked No. 5 on Bloomberg's 2012 list of the 100 Top-Performing Large Hedge Funds.
2016–2019
In 2016, it was reported that Odey saw his personal fortune drop by £200 million after profits at Odey Asset Management suffered a significant decline. His salary was cut because profits were down nearly 45% from the previous year.
In 2016, Odey was a prominent backer of Brexit, arguing it would allow the UK to govern itself. Later that year, his hedge fund won about 15% of its value following the results of the Brexit referendum. He told the BBC on the morning of the result that he had made £220 million speculating that the markets would fall, saying "'Il mattino ha l'oro in bocca' – the morning has gold in its mouth". Overall, his flagship fund made losses of almost 50% in 2016. The firm's operating profits dropped from 44.3 million pounds to 18.6 million pounds in 2016.
In June 2017, The Daily Telegraph reported that his fund had profited from the drop in the value of the pound that resulted from a hung parliament. In August 2017, he remained an investor in Sky. After initially backing the Fox bid for Sky, in November 2017, he opposed the bid, after Sky's financial results proved "better than people forecast."
Assets under management at the fund dropped from $11.7 billion at the start of 2015, to $5.5 billion in September 2017. Also, funds in his flagship fund, Odey European, fell from €2.5 billion at the start of 2015 to €184 million. The Financial Times chalked the losses in part to "poorly timed" trades. On 5 January 2018, The New York Times reported that Odey Asset Management had lost more than a fifth of its value in 2017, dropping around 20.5 percent.
The New York Times reported that Odey's fund's "performance has suffered heavily after he took a negative stance on the outlook for the global economy and bearish positions against shares that have not borne fruit." He had also made "bets against the Fed", explaining to his clients that "it would certainly be simpler to follow the market. But then we would be ignoring the fundamental data". He had also assumed there would be a crash resulting from high interest rates.
In February 2019, less than two months before the then Brexit date, Odey again bet against the pound.
Since 2020: sexual assault allegations and departure from firm
In May 2020, Odey was charged with indecent assault after a complaint by a woman over an incident in 1998. Odey denied the charge at Westminster Magistrates' Court in September and was bailed to appear at Hendon magistrates' court in February 2021. After a trial at Westminster Magistrates' Court in March 2021, Odey was cleared of the charge.
In June 2023, the Financial Times reported allegations that he had sexually harassed or assaulted 13 women over 25 years. Odey denied the allegations. Following the Financial Times report, it was reported that Financial Conduct Authority was preparing to launch an investigation into Odey Asset Management regarding the allegations about Odey. It was also announced that Morgan Stanley and JPMorgan Chase were cancelling their relationships with the firm.
On 10 June, Odey Asset Management's executive committee said that Odey was no longer involved with the firm, commenting "he will no longer have any economic or personal involvement in the partnership." The firm announced that it will now be "owned and controlled by the remaining partners and managed as an independent legal entity." Shortly after, the company announced its plan to rebrand, removing Odey's name from the firm's name.
Personal life
Odey was briefly married to Rupert Murdoch's eldest daughter, Prudence. The marriage lasted 15 months, and they had no children.
He subsequently married Nichola Pease, deputy chairman of JO Hambro Capital Management and a member of one of the founding families of Barclays Bank. The couple had two sons and one daughter.
According to the Sunday Times Rich List 2019, Odey and his wife Nichola Pease were worth £775 million. They divorced in 2021.
See also
Edward Chancellor
List of alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
References
1959 births
20th-century English businesspeople
21st-century English businesspeople
Alumni of Christ Church, Oxford
British Eurosceptics
British billionaires
British hedge fund managers
Businesspeople from Yorkshire
English money managers
Living people
People acquitted of sex crimes
People educated at Harrow School
People from Chelsea, London
People from the East Riding of Yorkshire |
Edward Bates Soper (February 7, 1855 – March 30, 1899) was an American serial killer. Initially sought for the murder of his first wife and two daughters in Archie, Missouri in 1895, Soper killed a son from his second wife near Portland, Oregon two years later. After his arrest, he confessed to five homicides committed throughout his life, starting with the murder of his father in 1880, but was hanged solely for one of the murders in Archie.
Early life and Missouri murders
Edward Bates Soper was born on February 7, 1855, in Kearney, Missouri, the second of eight children born to farmers John Lewis Soper and Sarah Hyatt Soper (née Estes). Little is known of his life prior to committing his first crime, that being stealing a horse at the age of 20 and selling it in Kansas City. Sometime after committing this deed, Soper hatched a plan to kill his father John, whom he had grown to hate over the years for unclear reasons.
Murder of John Soper
On January 30, 1880, Edward Soper started a literary society near the family home in Kearney, inviting his father to join. Once the elder Soper accepted his invitation, Edward went to hide in a feeding lot, and when he saw his father approaching, he drew his pistol and shot him four times, killing him. Soper then disposed of the murder weapon in a nearby creek, returned to the society and went on to participate in the exercises, acting as if nothing had happened. When the crime was discovered, another man named Mapes was convicted on circumstantial evidence and imprisoned for the murder.
Murder of Ardela Hunt and children
Soper himself was arrested for horse theft and sentenced to a 2-year prison term in a local penitentiary. After his release, Soper returned to Clay County, where he married 35-year-old Ardela Hunt, a divorcée with two children: 6-year-old Maude and 3-year-old Gillis. While the marriage was generally considered a happy one, Soper and his wife would begin to quarrel after the latter decided to join a local Christian church, to which the former objected, as he was supposedly a spiritualist. On April 21, 1891, while Ardela and the two children were sleeping in their respective rooms at the family farm in Archie, Soper grabbed an axe and proceeded to murder all three of them, bludgeoning them repeatedly.
After killing them, he sat down and wrote several letters, claiming that he had exterminated his family because he could not properly take care of them and would rather have them die than to live in misery. He then locked the doors and proclaimed that he was moving out of town because he had supposedly discovered an illegal saloon, which he considered immoral. Three days after his departure, neighbors broke down the family home to find his wife and children's decomposing bodies. Soon after this discovery, an arrest warrant was issued for Soper, who would remain on the run for several years.
In June 1891, three fishermen found the highly decomposed body of an apparent drowning victim in the Missouri River, which was initially believed to be Soper. After a coroner's inquest, the man's body was erroneously identified as that of Soper, and the case was temporarily closed.
Move to Oregon, new murder and arrest
In the meantime, the real Soper had moved to Albina, Oregon (now a district of Portland), where he lived under the assumed name of R. S. "Sandy" Soper and worked as a car cleaner for the Pullman Company. In 1894, Soper remarried to a woman named Catherine Brownleewe, with whom he had a child, Gilis. For around three years, the trio lived a relatively happy life until one fateful day, when Soper accidentally revealed his real name to his wife.
Murder of son
On April 16, 1897, under the guise of going to a shoemaker, Soper took his 2-year-old son with him and went out, but never returned home. A few days later, he sent his wife a letter claiming that the child was "placed where it would be well cared for", and asked her not to worry about him. In actuality, Soper had gone to a bank of the Willamette River, where he then threw Gilis into the river and let him drown, before fishing out the corpse and burying it nearby.
Arrest
For the next month or so, Soper remained on the run, using the alias "Homer Lee" and finding himself a job as a farm hand on a farm in Ashland. He remained under the radar until a police officer from Kansas City, Sam E. Lowe, happened to read about the Portland case in a newspaper. Taking note that the man had the same surname as the supposedly dead Soper, Officer Lowe contacted his brother, a local prosecutor, who used his connections around various towns in Oregon to arrange for Lowe to be dispatched and hunt the fugitive down. After searching for some time, Lowe tracked Soper down to the Ashland farm, where the officer promptly placed Soper under arrest and immediately sought to have Soper extradited back to Missouri. On the way, Soper confessed to killing his wife and three children, but initially denied responsibility for his father's murder. While Soper showed no outward remorse for his deeds, Officer Lowe would later claim that Soper would have nightmares about drowning Gilis, and would exclaim "He can't swim; he can't swim; poor little fellow." upon waking up. After being asked by the medical examiner to say exactly where he had disposed of Gilis' body, Soper provided directions which led to the discovery of the boy's decomposing corpse.
Trial, imprisonment and execution
Due to the severity of his crime in Missouri, Soper was extradited back to the state and charged with killing his wife, to which he pleaded insanity. After a trial that lasted several months, he was convicted and promptly sentenced to death. He later appealed his sentence to the Supreme Court of Missouri, but his appeal was rejected along with that of several other murderers.
On March 30, 1899, Soper was hanged on the gallows in Harrisonville, in front of a crowd of approximately forty people. Prior to his execution, he ate what was described as a "hearty meal", refused any religious counsel and, as his final words, simply said "All is done." His death was likely instantaneous, as an autopsy revealed that his neck was broken after the fall.
See also
Capital punishment in Missouri
List of serial killers in the United States
Further reading
Wood, L. (2017). Yanked Into Eternity: Lynchings and Hangings in Missouri. United States: Hickory Press.
Enstad, S. (2021). P.S. Katie Don't Hate Me: The True Story of the Archie Butcher. United States.
References
External links
State v. Soper, 148 Mo. 217 (1899) Feb. 21, 1899 Supreme Court of Missouri
Edward Bates Soper from "Show Me Murder" podcast
1855 births
1899 deaths
19th-century executions by the United States
19th-century executions of American people
American male criminals
Axe murder
Executed American serial killers
Executed people from Missouri
Familicides
Filicides in the United States
Fugitives wanted by the United States
Fugitives wanted on murder charges
Patricides
People convicted of murder by Missouri
People executed by Missouri by hanging
People from Kearney, Missouri
Serial killers from Missouri
Serial killers from Oregon |
is a series of tactical role-playing games developed by Flight Plan and published by Interchannel. All titles in the series are Japan-exclusive.
Each installment in the series combines standard tactical RPG gameplay with a pastiche of Judeo-Christian religious themes, particularly concerning the nature of good and evil and the interplay between Heaven, Hell, and Earth and the denizens thereof. One title was considered for North American release in 1999, and it is believed that it was eventually passed over due to its religion-derived themes.
The original Black/Matrix title was released August 27, 1998 for the Sega Saturn console in Japan. There were two subsequent remake releases that add more detailed graphics and additional content: Black/Matrix AD (Advanced) for Dreamcast was released in 1999, and Black/Matrix + (Cross) for PlayStation was released in 2000.
The world of Black/Matrix is fictional and fantasy-based, and in it the forces of Hell won a decisive war against the forces of Heaven. The victorious devils rewrote history and redesigned society to suit their purposes, reversing the concepts of good and evil. The descendants of the devils, known as black-wings because of the bat-like wings that grow from their backs, rule over the white-wing descendants of the angels, whom they treat as sub-human slaves. In their society love is considered the worst of crimes, and any one found guilty of love or kindness is hunted and punished.
Gameplay
Black/Matrix gives the player control of a group of playable characters who traverse various two-dimensional 3/4 isometric-view maps that represent towns and battlefields. The flow of gameplay cycles between expository cut scenes revealing the plot, towns and menus for procurement and management of items and equipment, and battles which pit the playable characters against computer controlled opponents in battle maps. Progression through Black/Matrix is plot-driven, and the player has limited influence on the overall course of the game - evidenced by the absence of an overworld map mode.
The gameplay in Black/Matrix is broken into chapters based on plot themes, and the plot is delivered in fully voiced cut scenes that begin and conclude each chapter, as well as precede and follow each battle. The visual style of the cut scenes varies based on version; Black/Matrix and Black/Matrix + use the same graphical style seen in town and battlefield maps, while Black/Matrix AD employs visual novel style static landscapes with large character sprites superimposed over them. Regardless of form these scenes announce events such as the addition of new playable characters, and occasionally offer the player opportunities to recruit optional characters such as white-wing slaves and, depending on the version, unused master characters.
Battle mechanics
Battles are organized into turns which alternate between the player and the computer. During the player turn any player-controlled character can perform actions in any order, with a maximum of three actions per character per turn. Every character can use the actions "move", "attack", and "item", though depending on the character and the point in the game, they may have others actions as well. The move action allows a character to travel on the map; battlefield maps are composed of square tiles and the number of tiles in a given character's range is determined by their statistics. Characters have a single preset attack technique and can equip any type of weapon appropriate to that technique; for example, a character with the "stab" attack type can equip rapiers, spears, and staffs. Additionally, characters automatically respond by counterattacking, defending, or attempting to dodge when they are attacked; the player can switch the response at any time through the "Waiting Stance" command.
Specific, plot-determined characters have access to the "magic" command at all times, while others require special equipment to unlock it. Spell effectiveness varies from turn to turn, as governed by a "Biorhythm" clock. In place of conventional magic points to manage magic use, Black/Matrix uses a system called "Blood Points". Blood Points can be distributed to individual playable characters before battles to expend in spell casting. Blood points are accrued by attacking the prostrate bodies of defeated enemies, effectively killing them. (Some fallen playable characters are susceptible to the same fate, after which they are lost permanently.) Additionally, the player can infuse a weapon with Blood Points to improve its effectiveness and possibly unlock a special attack called a "latent ability". Latent abilities function like spells in that they cost Blood Points to use and add various effects to the damage dealt by the weapon.
At the conclusion of each battle the game evaluates the player's performance and assigns a letter grade-based rank, which determines the value of bonus items and the amounts of money and experience points the player is awarded. Experience points go into a common pool and the player distributes it to the characters at will, choosing which characters gain experience levels. Upon level-up, the player also determines how a given character's statistics mature, allowing for customization.
Characters
(Hiroshi Kamiya), is the amnesiac silent protagonist of Black/Matrix - his dialog is not shown on screen. A white-wing slave, he is locked in Golgoda Prison for the crime of love. He exhibits a power to transform black-wings into white-wings, which marks him as the 'messiah'.
Black/Matrix begins with the player choosing a black-wing 'master', i.e. companion, for Abel, which affects the beginning and ending of the game. The choices are:
(Noriko Hidaka), the 'pure' girl.
(Mika Kanai), the 'childish' girl.
(Yuko Miyamura), the 'lolita' girl.
(Junko Shimakata), the 'tomboy' girl.
(Wakana Yamazaki), the 'mature' girl.
There is an additional secret male master, (Kentarou Itou), who becomes available after inputting a code (which differs in each release).
(Hideyuki Hori) is a white-wing criminal. He was once a gladiator, but was sent to Golgoda Prison for killing his former masters. He is very tough and uses swords and other heavy weapons. He seeks "freedom", and joins Abel's escape.
(Kaneto Shiozawa) is a white-wing criminal. He gained fame as "Gaius the Gale" for stealing from the rich to give to the poor, but is later imprisoned for the crime of "hypocrisy" as a result. He joins Abel's escape.
(Hiro Yuuki) is a blond-haired boy whom Abel encounters in Golgoda Prison at the beginning of the game. Though he is a black-wing, he is shunned because of his weakness. He escapes with the party and becomes an archer.
(Takeshi Aono) is the black-wing former high priest of the Temple of the Sun who lost his position after a power-struggle. He is a necromancer who can use magic to revive dead characters as zombie decoys. After witnessing Abel's mysterious powers, he joins the group.
(Kikuko Inoue) is a black-wing former student of Johannes who took over his research, eventually becoming a Demon Knight. She casts powerful healing spells. Her hobby is writing in a "revenge diary".
(Ai Orikasa), a white-wing, is known as the "Miracle Boy" for becoming the first person to don an Arch-demon Armor. Despite his youthful looks, he is the leader of a white-wing liberation movement.
Reception
On release, Famitsu magazine scored the Dreamcast version of the game a 30 out of 40.
Black/Matrix II
Black/Matrix II was released March 28, 2002 for the PlayStation 2. The game is set primarily in the 'Hell Realm' and centers on a group of elite devils fighting to repulse an invasion of their realm by angels and humans.
While the fictional world of Black/Matrix II is again fantasy-based, it is distinct from the original game. It is divided into three realms - heaven, home to white-winged angels; the human world, inhabited by relatively weak, wingless people; and hell, where black-winged devils reside. The three realms are largely independent and their natives are suspicious of the other realms. Many humans have been convinced of the evil nature of Hell by the angels, but for all their fearsome powers neither the devils nor Hell itself are inherently malevolent. Hell is ruled by the beautiful and compassionate Jenarose, who is said to love humankind more than anyone in the world.
Gameplay
Black/Matrix II brings the series into full 3D, modifying gameplay elements found in previous Black/Matrix releases. The game is divided into four chapters, and the basic flow of gameplay initiates with the player selecting a destination on the overworld map, followed by alternating expository cut scenes and battle maps. Towns, a usual element of tactical RPGs that allow for the purchase of items and equipment, are omitted in Black/Matrix II and shops are accessible from the overworld map and pre-battle menus.
Black/Matrix II features a branching plotline, where the player's choices influence the course of events. There are numerous possible endings and four possible heroines.
Characters
, the main character, is said to be the strongest devil in Hell. Widely known by the sobriquet "General Tempest", he is the younger brother of the master of Hell, and the leader of the "Fear Quartet" of top-ranking devils. Despite his power, Reiji is killed when human armies invade Hell and resurrects later with no memory of his prior life.
is Reiji's subordinate and friend. Known as the "Killing Dust", she favors broadswords and other heavy weapons and is teased for her fierceness and impatience. She harbors an unrequited love for Reiji.
, like Vidia, is Reiji's subordinate and friend. He has a glib manner of speech and appears to not take things very seriously, but is actually very observant and cool-headed. He serves as Reiji's main adviser.
is the commander of the paladin army that led the human invasion of Hell. She has a zealous hatred of devils, yet bears a striking physical resemblance to Jenarose, the master of Hell.
is the only female member of the Fear Quartet. She possesses a power called Squeeze that drains the life from anyone who approaches her, inspiring a lifelong sense of isolation. When her deadly powers fade after the death of the master of Hell, she begins looking after an abandoned human child.
is a member of the Fear Quartet whose bishōnen looks disguise ruthless battle capabilities for which he is feared by foes and allies alike. As he enjoys pulling the wings off of his defeated opponents, he is nicknamed "Feathercide Uni".
is a member of the Fear Quartet known throughout Hell for his intelligence. Like a mad scientist, he has no interest in anything other than his experiments and the automata he builds.
Reception
On release, Famitsu magazine scored the game a 30 out of 40.
Black Matrix Zero
Black Matrix Zero was released August 30, 2002 for the Game Boy Advance.
Black Matrix Zero is set in the same fictional world as the original Black/Matrix game, though hundreds of years prior. Three divisions of humankind share the same world - white-winged people who are called angels, black-winged people who are called devils, and wingless people. Those who have wings have great powers and pay little mind to the wingless ones. The angels rule the world via a religious organization called the Prodevon Church, which ensures both the cooperation and ignorance of the wingless people.
Characters
Character voices apply to Black/Matrix 00.
(Ryōko Shiraishi) is the main character, a wingless boy who always ends up opposing angels in order to rescue his friend Matia. Early in either version of the game he receives wings - in Zero, the player can pick between devil wings or angel wings, while in Black/Matrix 00 Cain can only receive angel wings.
(Kozue Kamada) is Cain's childhood friend who, though wingless, possesses a mysterious power. She is taken into the custody of the Prodevon Church at the beginning of the game.
(Kazuhiko Inoue) is an angel with gray wings who associates with Cain and Matia. Very learned and wise, he is a voice of reason for Cain. He constantly wears a mask. Specializes in offensive magic.
(Nana Mizuki) is a devil girl who takes an interest in Cain at the beginning of the game. She uses a whip and casts healing spells.
(Kazuya Nakai) is Luca's admirer, a very strong devil who uses axes. He has leathery wings, blonde hair and a pair of goggles around his neck.
(Natsuki Yoshihara) is a wingless soldier for the Prodevon Church who is completely convinced that the Church's actions are justified. She is a blue-haired girl with glasses who wears a white uniform. She uses rapiers.
(Takayuki Sasada) is a lively, black-haired fighter for the secret organization Cypherpunk which opposes the Prodevon Church. He appears early in the game and is characterized by his bright red scarf.
(Atsushi Kisaichi) is a devil and the founder Cypherpunk. Has long blond hair who wears a brown coat and a beige mantle.
(Kumiko Izumi) is a double-winged angel and the younger sister of the powerful Seraph Beir Perendale. She wears a big blue dress, has short blonde hair. She uses bows and status-cure spells, as well as a powerful healing spell called Rulic Heal.
(Youko Nishino) is a wingless girl, a friend of Matia, whom the party rescues from prison. She has short brown hair, a thin white dress and a chain around her neck. She casts healing spells.
(Yuki Makishima) is a boy about the same age as Lilis. He has blue hair and glasses and uses bows to fight. He is the younger brother of Stayen.
Reception
On release, Famitsu magazine scored the game a 31 out of 40.
Black/Matrix 00
The concept for Black Matrix Zero was adapted into Black/Matrix 00, which was released May 13, 2004 on the PlayStation. Ignoring re-releases, this was the last game released in Japan for PS1.
References
External links
Black Matrix Advanced at Sega of Japan (Japanese)
Black/Matrix II Official Site (Japanese)
Japan-exclusive video games
Tactical role-playing video games
Video games with isometric graphics
Video games about angels
Christian video games
PlayStation (console) games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation 2-only games
Dreamcast games
Sega Saturn games
Game Boy Advance games
Game Boy Advance-only games
Video games developed in Japan
1998 video games |
Anders Olsson (born 19 June 1949) is a Swedish writer, professor of literature at Stockholm University, literary critic and member of the Swedish Academy.
Olsson has written some 15 books on poetry and the history of literature; together with his friend and ally Horace Engdahl he was a key introducer of the work of Jacques Derrida and other post-structuralist thinkers into Swedish literary research and criticism. His doctoral dissertation on Swedish poet and essayist Gunnar Ekelöf was published in 1983 and met with mostly favourable reviews. He was appointed professor of literature at Stockholm University in 2004 and his research interests include the development of modern literature.
Olsson was member of the Kris editorial staff. In 1984 he published his first collection of poems, Dagar, aska.
In February 2008, Olson was elected a member of the Swedish Academy, by secret ballot to succeed poet and writer Lars Forssell who died in 2007, and he formally took his seat in the 18-member assembly on 20 December 2008.
From 13 April 2018 he served as the pro tempore permanent secretary of the Academy, following a controversy when Sara Danius was forced to resign. Anders Olsson then served as the permanent secretary of the Academy between 1 June 2018 and 1 June 2019. He is currently the chairman of the Academy's Nobel Committee for Literature.
Bibliography
Mälden mellan stenarna (1981)
Ekelöfs nej (1983) (doctoral dissertation)
Intertextualitet (1984)
Dagar, aska (1984)
De antända polerna (1986)
Den okända texten : en essä om tolkningsteori från kyrkofäderna till Derrida (1987)
Bellerofontes resa (1988)
Solstämma (1991)
Den Andra Födan (1992)
Det vita (1993)
Ekelunds hunger (1995)
Att skriva dagen : Gunnar Björlings poetiska värld (1995)
Gunnar Ekelöf (1997)
Ett mått av lycka (1998)
Läsningar av intet (2000)
Skillnadens konst : sex kapitel om moderna fragment (2006)
Lars Forssell : inträdestal i Svenska akademien (2008)
Men så oändligt lätt att svara dig (2010)
Ordens asyl : inledning till den moderna exillitteraturen (2011)
Vad är en suck? : en essä om Erik Johan Stagnelius (2013)
Languages of Exile – Migration and Multilingualism in Twentieth-Century Literature (2013)
Tankar om läsning (2015)
Notes
1949 births
Living people
Swedish-language writers
Members of the Swedish Academy
Academic staff of Stockholm University |
Efthymios Tsakaleris (alternate spellings: Efthimios, Efthymis, Efthimis) (Greek: Ευθύμης Τσακαλέρης; born July 22, 1989) is a Greek professional basketball player. He is a 2.07 m (6 ft 9 in) tall power forward-center.
Professional career
Tsakaleris began his professional career with Panellinios in the Greek Basket League in 2009. He moved to PAOK in 2011. In 2012, he joined Aris.
In 2014, Tsakaleris joined Panelefsiniakos. In 2015, he joined Rethymno Cretan Kings, after playing two games with Bashkimi in the Kosovo Basketball Superleague. On 24 September 2016, Tsakaleris joined Arkadikos.
Greek national team
With Greece's junior national team, Tsakaleris won the gold medal at the 2009 FIBA Europe Under-20 Championship.
References
External links
EuroCup Profile
FIBA Europe Profile
Greek Basket League Profile
Eurobasket.com Profile
Draftexpress.com Profile
1989 births
Living people
Aris B.C. players
Arkadikos B.C. players
Bashkimi Prizren players
Centers (basketball)
Greek men's basketball players
Greek Basket League players
Panelefsiniakos B.C. players
Panellinios B.C. players
P.A.O.K. BC players
Power forwards (basketball)
Rethymno B.C. players
Basketball players from Thessaloniki |
Deh-e Nowruz (, also Romanized as Deh-e Nowrūz) is a village in Howmeh Rural District, in the Central District of Haftgel County, Khuzestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 94, in 15 families.
References
Populated places in Haftkel County |
San Onofre is a town and municipality located in the Sucre Department, northern Colombia.
References
Gobernacion de Sucre - San Onofre
San Onofre official website
Sucre |
Song Wusao (fl. 1179), was a Chinese restaurant owner.
She fled from Kaifeng when it was taken by the Jurchen in 1126 and settled in the new capital of Hangzhou, where she founded a net of restaurants and was eventually favored by Emperor Gaozong of Song with providing the imperial court with fish, which made her famous and rich. Her famous fish soup became a traditional dish in Hangzhou, and she is also said to be the inventor of the dish vinegar fish famed by the restaurant Louwalou.
References
Lily Xiao Hong Lee, Sue Wiles: Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women, volume II: Tang Through Ming 618 - 1644
12th-century Chinese women
12th-century Chinese people
12th-century merchants
Medieval businesswomen |
The 1999 Irish local elections were held in all the counties, cities and towns of Ireland on Friday, 11 June 1999, on the same day as the European elections.
Ireland was divided into local government areas of administrative counties and county boroughs, in which the local authorities had last been elected at the 1991 local elections, and a second tier in certain areas of boroughs, urban districts and towns, in which the local authorities had last been elected at the 1994 local elections. The elections had been scheduled for 1998, but were postponed.
Each local government area was divided into local electoral areas (LEAs) in which councillors were elected for a five-year term on the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote (PR-STV). During the period of office of these councils, local government throughout the state was restructured under the Local Government Act 2001.
Results
18 Workers' Party councillors had left the party in 1992 upon the creation of Democratic Left. In January 1999, Democratic Left merged with the Labour Party. One Workers' Party councillor had joined Labour since 1991.
County councils
City councils
Borough and town councils
Borough councils
Town councils
Notes
References
1999 elections in the Republic of Ireland
1999 in Irish politics
1999
June 1999 events in Europe |
The Cal 20 is an American sailboat, that was designed by C. William Lapworth and first built in 1961.
Production
The boat was built by Cal Yachts in the United States from 1961 to 1975, but it is now out of production.
The Cal 20 was seen by Canadian Al Nairne during a visit to California. Nairne convinced Jack Jensen of Jensen Marine to allow him to produce the Cal 20 under licence in Canada and formed Calgan Marine in North Vancouver for that purpose. Calgan Marine went on to produce many Cal Yachts designs, plus designs of its own.
A total of 1,945 Cal 20s were built during its 14-year production run.
Design
The Cal 20 is a small recreational keelboat, built predominantly of fiberglass. It has a fractional sloop rig, a transom-hung rudder and a fixed fin keel with a weighted bulb. It displaces and carries of ballast.
The boat has a draft of with the standard keel fitted and is normally fitted with a small outboard motor for docking and maneuvering.
The boat has a PHRF racing average handicap of 279 with a high of 291 and low of 270. It has a hull speed of .
Operational history
In a 2010 review Steve Henkel wrote, "best features: She is fast and easy to sail. A 46% B/D ratio, with a bulb keel concentrating her ballast low, gives her good stability. An outboard well located in the cockpit keeps the engine under the helmsman’s control. And for those looking for camaraderie, the big network of Cal 20 fleets (largely on the West Coast) will be attractive. Worst features: Fin keel with bulb makes the boat a chore to launch at shallow ramps. Also, the boats are among the oldest fiberglass boats around, and most will require more strenuous than ordinary maintenance to keep in top condition. The keel (made of iron, which rusts), keel bolts, and surrounding fiberglass are common causes of concern."
See also
List of sailing boat types
Similar sailboats
Buccaneer 200
Core Sound 20 Mark 3
Flicka 20
Halman 20
Hunter 18.5
Hunter 19-1
Hunter 19 (Europa)
Hunter 20
Mistral T-21
Paceship 20
Sandpiper 565
San Juan 21
Santana 20
Sirius 22
References
Keelboats
1960s sailboat type designs
Sailing yachts
Sailboat type designs by Bill Lapworth
Sailboat types built by Cal Yachts
Sailboat types built by Calgan Marine |
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