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The CBS Studio Building is a seven-story office building at 49 East 52nd Street in Midtown Manhattan, New York City. It has had various uses at different times, including serving as a Vanderbilt family guest house, the first graduate school of the Juilliard School, CBS Radio studios, and Columbia Records studio.
It is currently owned by the Fisher Brothers, who converted it to an office building in conjunction with construction of the 45-story Park Avenue Plaza to its east.
Vanderbilts
It was built in 1908 as a guest house for the Vanderbilts who had a home a block away at Fifth Avenue and 52nd. It was designed by Warren and Wetmore.
Juilliard
In 1924 the Vanderbilts sold it to the Juilliard Musical Foundation where it became Juilliard's first graduate school.
CBS Radio
In 1939, CBS, which had its corporate headquarters around the corner at 485 Madison Avenue, bought the building at 49 East 52nd Street, to move its radio operations, except for the main network newsroom.
Architects Fellheimer & Wagner extensively renovated the building—including eliminating the earlier Vanderbilt ornate external features and eliminating windows for soundproofing—and carved up the building into seven studios, including one which could accommodate audiences of 300 as well as symphony orchestras that could broadcast. Arthur Godfrey broadcast from Studio 21 in the building and had his main office there.
Columbia Records
With the advent of television, large radio studios that could accommodate audiences were no longer needed. Radio operations moved to the CBS Broadcast Center at 524 West 57th Street. By 1966 the facility had become recording studios for Columbia Records. Frank Sinatra, Barbra Streisand, Leonard Cohen, Laura Nyro, Bob Dylan (in spring 1970 for part of his New Morning album), Paul Simon, Paul McCartney and Mahavishnu Orchestra (Birds Of Fire) recorded music there.
The facility contained Columbia's "Studio B" on the second floor and "Studio E" on the sixth floor. From 1974 until 1982, CBS Radio Mystery Theatre was recorded in Studio 27, renamed Studio G in honor of Arthur Godfrey.
Fisher Brothers
In 1979 the Fisher Brothers acquired the land under the building in conjunction with construction of the Park Avenue Plaza building to its east. However, CBS retained ownership of the building itself. In 1988 the building was leased to Sony, which had purchased CBS Records, and a Duane Reade store opened on the ground level and second floor. For several years CBS used studio space as offices. CBS eventually sold the building to Fisher Brothers in 1993, and in 1996 Fisher Brothers undid the 1930s Art Moderne style, replacing the windows and replicating the original Vanderbilt appearance.
See also
CBS 30th Street Studio
References
Further reading
Cogan, Jim; Clark, William, Temples of sound : inside the great recording studios, San Francisco : Chronicle Books, 2003. . Cf. chapter on Columbia Studios, pp. 181–192.
Houses completed in 1908
Office buildings in Manhattan
Juilliard School
CBS Radio
Recording studios in Manhattan
Vanderbilt family
Paramount Global
Warren and Wetmore buildings
1908 establishments in New York City
Midtown Manhattan
Arthur Godfrey |
White Friday (CM9) is the twentieth and first retail mixtape by American rapper Yo Gotti. It released on December 23, 2016 by Collective Music Group, Roc Nation and Epic Records . The mixtape features guest appearances from LunchMoney Lewis, Kodak Black, YFN Lucci, DJ Khaled, Kanye West, Big Sean, 2 Chainz, Quavo, and Blac Youngsta The mixtape is supported by the singles "Castro" featuring Kanye West, Big Sean, 2 Chainz, and Quavo, "Weatherman" featuring Kodak Black, and "Blah Blah Blah".
Track listing
Notes
"Power of Money" features vocals from Ink.
"I Remember" contains elements from "Come On Down (Get Your Head Out Of The Clouds)" written by Greg Perry and Angelo Bond, performed by Greg Perry.
Charts
References
2016 mixtape albums
Yo Gotti albums
Epic Records mixtape albums
Albums produced by Southside (record producer)
Albums produced by Chopsquad DJ
Collective Music Group mixtape albums
Roc Nation mixtape albums |
The 1979–80 season was the 34th season in Rijeka’s history and their 18th season in the Yugoslav First League. Their 10th place finish in the 1978–79 season meant it was their sixth successive season playing in the Yugoslav First League.
Competitions
Yugoslav First League
Classification
Results summary
Results by round
Matches
First League
Source: rsssf.com
Yugoslav Cup
Source: rsssf.com
Cup Winners' Cup
Source: worldfootball.net
Squad statistics
Competitive matches only.
See also
1979–80 Yugoslav First League
1979–80 Yugoslav Cup
1979–80 European Cup Winners' Cup
References
External sources
1979–80 Yugoslav First League at rsssf.com
Prvenstvo 1979.-80. at nk-rijeka.hr
HNK Rijeka seasons
Rijeka |
Eucalyptus tereticornis, commonly known as forest red gum, blue gum or red irongum, is a species of tree that is native to eastern Australia and southern New Guinea. It has smooth bark, lance-shaped to curved adult leaves, flower buds in groups of seven, nine or eleven, white flowers and hemispherical fruit.
Description
Eucalyptus tereticornis is a tree that typically grows to a height of and forms a lignotuber. The trunk is straight, usually unbranched for more than half of the total height of the tree and has a girth of up to dbh. Thereafter, limbs are unusually steeply inclined for a Eucalyptus species. The bark is shed in irregular sheets, resulting in a smooth trunk surface coloured in patches of white, grey and blue, corresponding to areas that shed their bark at different times. Young plants and coppice regrowth have dull bluish green, egg-shaped leaves that are long and wide. Adult leaves are the same shade of green on both sides, lance-shaped to curved, long and wide, tapering at the base to a petiole long. The flower buds are arranged in leaf axils in groups of seven, nine or eleven on an unbranched peduncle long, the individual buds on pedicels long. Mature buds are an elongated oval shape, long and wide with a conical to horn-shaped operculum that is much longer than the floral cup. Flowering has been recorded in most months and the flowers are white. The fruit is a woody, hemispherical capsule long and wide with the valves prominently protruding.
Taxonomy and naming
Eucalyptus tereticornis was first formally described 1795 by James Edward Smith in A Specimen of the Botany of New Holland from specimens collected in 1793 from Port Jackson by First Fleet surgeon and naturalist John White. (Smith's volume was the botanical part of Zoology and Botany of New Holland. The zoological part was written by George Shaw.) The specific epithet (tereticornis) is from the Latin words teres (becoming tereti- in the combined form) meaning "terete" and cornu meaning "horn", in reference to the horn-shaped operculum.
In 1999 Ian Brooker and Andrew Slee described two subspecies and in 2013 Anthony Bean described a further two, and the names of these four subspecies are accepted by the Australian Plant Census:
Eucalyptus tereticornis subsp. basaltica A.R.Bean has opercula that are not expanded at the base, juvenile leaves that are dull bluish, egg-shaped to round, up to one to two times as long as broad, and pedicels long;
Eucalyptus tereticornis subsp. mediana Brooker & Slee has opercula that are not expanded at the base, juvenile leaves that are dull bluish, egg-shaped to round, up to one to two times as long as broad, and pedicels long;
Eucalyptus tereticornis subsp. rotunda A.R.Bean has opercula that are not expanded at the base, juvenile leaves that are green, round and up to 1.2 times as long as broad;
Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. subsp. tereticornis has opercula expanded at the base and juvenile leaves that are lance-shaped to egg-shaped, and two to three times longer than wide.
Distribution and habitat
The species has a wide distribution, occurring over the widest range of latitudes of any Eucalyptus species, occurring from southern Papua New Guinea at latitude 15°S, to southeastern Victoria at latitude 38°S. The forest red gum is one of the key canopy species of the threatened Cumberland Plain Woodlands.
Subspecies basaltica grows in eucalypt woodland from Kroombit Tops to near Sydney with a disjunct population in the Carnarvon Range. Subspecies mediana is endemic to eastern Victoria where it grows near river banks, wetlands, low hills and plains. Subspecies rotunda is endemic to a small area near Mitchell in Queensland, growing along creek banks. Subspecies tereticornis is the most widely distributed of the four subspecies and grows in open forest from the Cape York Peninsula in Queensland, to near Bega in southern New South Wales and as far inland as Roma. It is also known from the Central and Oro Provinces in Papua New Guinea.
Uses
The tree has a strong, hard and durable heartwood, with a density of about 1100 kg m−3. It is used for construction in heavy engineering, such as for railway sleepers. The leaves of E. tereticornis are used in the production of cineole based eucalyptus oil.
Gallery
See also
List of Eucalyptus species
References
tereticornis
Myrtales of Australia
Trees of Australia
Flora of New South Wales
Flora of Queensland
Flora of Victoria (state)
Taxa named by James Edward Smith |
Jomel Andrel Warrican (born 20 May 1992) is a West Indian cricketer. He is a slow left-arm orthodox bowler and a right-handed tail-end batsman.
In September 2015 he was named in the Test squad for the West Indies tour to Sri Lanka. He made his Test debut against Sri Lanka on 22 October 2015, taking 4 wickets for 67 runs on the first day.
Early career
Born in Saint Vincent, Warrican moved to Barbados and attended Combermere School and joined the Empire Cricket Club. He was awarded the Lord Gavron Award for promising young cricketers in Barbados alongside Jason Holder in 2009 before representing the West Indies at the 2010 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup. He was the second Gavron Award winner to spend a season playing for Sefton Park in the Liverpool and District Cricket Competition in 2011, taking 51 wickets and scoring 373 runs. Warrican continued to impress on his return to the Caribbean and made his first-class debut for Barbados in March 2012 although a regular place wasn't claimed until his success in the 2014 season when he both led the BCA Elite Cricket league wicket-takers and broke the record for a slow bowler as he helped Empire to win the 3-day game championship. This form was carried in the Regional Four Day Competition where he took 49 wickets including two 8 wicket hauls.
In June 2020, Warrican was named as one of eleven reserve players in the West Indies' Test squad, for their series against England. The Test series was originally scheduled to start in May 2020, but was moved back to July 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
References
External links
1992 births
Living people
Barbados cricketers
West Indies Test cricketers
Place of birth missing (living people)
St Kitts and Nevis Patriots cricketers
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines cricketers
Immigrants to Barbados
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines emigrants |
The 2006 Delaware Senate election was held on November 7, 2006, to elect 11 of the 21 members to Delaware's Senate. The election coincided with elections for other offices, including for U.S. Senate, U.S. House of Representatives, and state house. The primary election was held on September 12, 2006.
Results Summary
Detailed results
Results of the 2006 Delaware Senate election by district:
District 1
Incumbent Democrat Harris McDowell III has represented the 1st district since 1977.
Democratic primary
Republican primary
General election
District 5
Incumbent Republican Catherine Cloutier has represented the 5th district since 2001.
District 7
Incumbent Democrat Patti Blevins has represented the 7th district since 1991.
District 8
Incumbent Democrat David Sokola has represented the 8th district since 1991.
District 9
Incumbent Democrat Karen Peterson has represented the 9th district since 2003.
District 12
Incumbent Republican Dorinda Connor has represented the 12th district since 1997.
District 13
Incumbent Democrat David McBride has represented the 13th district since 1979.
District 14
Incumbent Democrat James Vaughn has represented the 14th district since 1980.
Republican primary
General election
District 15
Incumbent Democrat Nancy Cook has represented the 15th district since 1975.
District 19
Incumbent Democrat and President pro tempore Thurman Adams Jr. has represented the 19th district since 1973.
District 20
Incumbent Democrat George Bunting has represented the 20th district since 1997.
References
Delaware Senate
Senate
2006 |
Portrait of Ferdinand Guillemardet is a 1798–99 painting by Francisco Goya, now in the Louvre.
It shows the French ambassador to Spain between 1798 and 1800 and was exhibited at the Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando in July 1799. Its subject took to France and it was later given to the Louvre (where it now hangs) by Guillemardet's son Félix, a friend of Eugène Delacroix.
See also
List of works by Francisco Goya
References
External links
Guillemardet, Ferdinand
Guillemardet, Ferdinand
Guillemardet, Ferdinand
Paintings by Francisco Goya in the Louvre
1798 paintings |
Horishnyi () is a Ukrainian surname. It means top, upper or located on the top.
It may refer to:
Vasyl Horishnyi, a Ukrainian politician, communist, member of Verkhovna Rada
References
Ukrainian-language surnames |
Baños de Rioja is a village in the province and autonomous community of La Rioja, Spain. The municipality covers an area of and as of 2011 had a population of 92 people.
Tourist attractions
Parish Church of Magdalena
Built of stone masonry, It was enlarged and modified between the 15th and 17th centuries.
Ermita del Pilar
Located two kilometers from the center of town center, across the Rio Oja.
Strong Tower
Built in the 13th century, and probably belonged to the lineage of the Lopez de Haro.
References
Populated places in La Rioja (Spain) |
Manish Narwal (born 17 October 2001) is an Indian Para Pistol Shooter. He ranks fourth in the world in Men's 10m Air Pistol SH1 according to the World Shooting Para Sport Rankings. Manish is also supported by GoSports Foundation through the Para Champions Programme.
Career
He began shooting in 2016 in Ballabhgarh. Narwal pistol shooting in 2016 at Faridabad in the Haryana State, was where he made history by setting a world record while clinching gold in the P4 mixed 50m pistol SH1 event at the 2021 Para Shooting World Cup. He won several medals, including gold, silver and bronze medals in the national and International events.
Award
In 2020, Manish took The Arjuna Award, officially known as the Arjuna Awards for Outstanding Performance in Shooting sports. The Arjuna Award was the highest sporting honour of Republic of India. It is awarded annually by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports.
2020 Summer Paralympics
Manish Narwal qualified for the Paralympics Games in Tokyo and represented Team India at the Shooting Paralympic of the 2020 Summer Paralympics. He won a gold medal for India in Mixed P4 – 50 m pistol SH1.
Honours
2021 – Khel Ratna Award, highest sporting honour of India.
See also
Paralympic Committee of India
India at the Paralympics
References
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Indian male sport shooters
Paralympic shooters for India
Shooters at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
2001 births
Paralympic gold medalists for India
Medalists at the 2020 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic medalists in shooting
Recipients of the Khel Ratna Award
Recipients of the Arjuna Award
21st-century Indian people |
The Greek pantheon of gods included mortal-born heroes and heroines who were elevated to godhood through a process which the Greeks termed apotheosis. Some of these received the privilege as a reward for their helpfulness to mankind example: Heracles, Asclepius and Aristaeus, others through marriage to gods, example: Ariadne, Tithonus and Psyche, and some by luck or pure chance example: Glaucus.
List
References
Greek mythology |
Hawthorne Municipal Airport may refer to:
Hawthorne Municipal Airport (California) or Jack Northrop Field in Hawthorne, California, United States (FAA: HHR)
Hawthorne Industrial Airport, formerly Hawthorne Municipal Airport in Hawthorne, Nevada, United States (FAA: HTH)
See also
Hawthorne Airport (disambiguation) |
Andrew Boyle (died December 11, 1902) was an American politician from Maryland. He served as a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Harford County in 1876.
Career
Boyle was a Democrat. Boyle ran for the Democratic nomination of the Maryland House of Delegates in the 1873 election. Boyle was a member of the Maryland House of Delegates, representing Harford County in 1876. He was unsuccessful in running for the Democratic nomination in the 1877 election.
Personal life
Boyle had several children.
Boyle was president of the Red Seal Packing Association, which was an organization of canners.
Boyle died on December 11, 1902, at the age of 80, at his daughter's home in Port Deposit, Maryland.
References
Year of birth uncertain
1820s births
1902 deaths
Politicians from Harford County, Maryland
Democratic Party members of the Maryland House of Delegates |
New Haven station is a historic train station located at New Haven, Allen County, Indiana. It was built in 1890 by the Wabash Railroad. It is a one-story, wood-frame building, with Stick Style / Eastlake movement ornamentation. It measures approximately 50 feet long and 20 feet wide and has a gable roof and board and batten siding.
It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2003 as the Wabash Railroad Depot.
References
Former Wabash Railroad stations
Railway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Indiana
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1890
Queen Anne architecture in Indiana
Transportation buildings and structures in Allen County, Indiana
National Register of Historic Places in Allen County, Indiana
Former railway stations in Indiana |
```java
package com.yahoo.vespa.zookeeper;
import com.yahoo.cloud.config.ZookeeperServerConfig;
import com.yahoo.net.HostName;
import java.time.Duration;
/**
* Interface for administering a zookeeper cluster. Currently only supports reconfiguring a zookeeper cluster.
*
* @author hmusum
*/
public interface VespaZooKeeperAdmin {
void reconfigure(String connectionSpec, String servers) throws ReconfigException;
/* Timeout for connecting to ZooKeeper */
default Duration sessionTimeout() { return Duration.ofSeconds(30); }
default String localConnectionSpec(ZookeeperServerConfig config) { return HostName.getLocalhost() + ":" + config.clientPort(); }
}
``` |
In lunar photography, the Looney 11 rule (also known as the Looney f/11 rule) is a method of estimating correct exposures without a light meter. For daylight photography, there is a similar rule called the Sunny 16 rule. The basic rule is: "For astronomical photos of the Moon's surface, set aperture to and shutter speed to the [reciprocal of the] ISO film speed [or ISO setting]."
With ISO 100, the photographer should set the shutter speed to 1/100 or 1/125 second. (On some cameras, 1/125 second is the available setting nearest to 1/100 second.)
With ISO 200, set it to 1/200 or 1/250 second.
With ISO 400, set it to 1/400 or 1/500 second.
As with other light readings, shutter speed can be changed as long as the f-number is altered to compensate, e.g. 1/250 second at f/8 gives equivalent exposure to 1/125 second at f/11. Generally, the adjustment is done such that for each step in aperture increase (i.e., decreasing the f-number), the exposure time has to be halved (or equivalently, the shutter speed doubled), and vice versa. This follows the more general rule derived from the mathematical relationship between aperture and exposure time—within reasonable ranges, exposure is proportional to the square of the aperture ratio and proportional to exposure time; thus, to maintain a constant level of exposure, a change in aperture by a factor c requires a change in exposure time by a factor 1/c² and vice versa. Steps in aperture correspond to a factor close to the square root of two, thus the above rule.
The intensity of visible sunlight striking the surface of the Moon is essentially the same as at the surface of the Earth. The albedo of the Moon's surface material is lower (darker) than that of the Earth's surface, and the Looney 11 rule increases exposure by one stop versus the Sunny 16 rule. Many photographers simply use the f/16-based Sunny 16 rule, unmodified, for lunar photographs.
See also
Astrophotography
Night photography
Sunny 16 rule
References
External links
Lunar Photography Exposure Guide.
Photographic techniques
Rules of thumb |
Omar Al-Sonain (; born 14 March 1995) is a Saudi professional footballer who plays as a right back.
External links
References
1995 births
Living people
Saudi Arabian men's footballers
Saudi Arabia men's youth international footballers
Al-Ettifaq FC players
Al-Kawkab FC players
Al-Sahel SC (Saudi Arabia) players
Saudi First Division League players
Saudi Pro League players
Men's association football fullbacks |
Acantharctia tenuifasciata is a moth of the family Erebidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1910. It is found in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Kenya, Malawi and Tanzania.
References
Moths described in 1910
Spilosomina
Moths of Africa |
Hur is an unincorporated community in Calhoun County, West Virginia, United States. Its post office has closed. Named after novel "Ben Hur." The village once had three stores and two grist mills. A crank'em up single wire phone company that served a large area that operated into the 1960s and the Mt. Olive Methodist Church which was established in 1879. It is the home of a widely read Internet newspaper, the Hur Herald, established in 1996 by Bob Weaver. Population never exceeded 40.
References
Unincorporated communities in West Virginia
Unincorporated communities in Calhoun County, West Virginia |
George Gibson Coote (August 18, 1880 – November 24, 1959) was a Canadian accountant, bank manager, farmer, and federal politician.
Political career
Coote was elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1921 Canadian federal election as a Progressive Party of Canada candidate in the Macleod electoral district. He defeated 3 other candidates in a landslide. Coote ran for re-election in the 1925 Canadian federal election he won a hotly contested election against former Conservative Member of Parliament John Herron and Alberta MLA Thomas Milnes.
Less than a year later he defended his incumbency after the governing coalition fell apart in the 1926 Canadian federal election. He was elected defeating John Herron increasing his plurality. He ran in that election under the United Farmers of Alberta banner. Coote ran for his 5th term in the Canadian House of Commons in the 1930 Canadian federal election and was re-elected.
Coote was a member of the Ginger Group of radical MPs in the 1920s and early 1930s. A founding member of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation he, like all but one of the eight UFA MPs, ran for re-election under the CCF banner in the 1935 Canadian federal election. He was defeated by Ernest George Hansell from the Social Credit Party of Canada.
References
External links
George Coote Fonds Glenbow Museum
1880 births
1959 deaths
Progressive Party of Canada MPs
Ginger Group MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Alberta
Co-operative Commonwealth Federation candidates for the Canadian House of Commons |
İdil Biret (born 21 November 1941) is a Turkish concert pianist.
Education
Biret began her lessons at the age of five with , who had studied under Nadia Boulanger and Alfred Cortot. When she was seven, the Turkish parliament enacted a special law which enabled her to study abroad and so she studied at the Paris Conservatory in France under the tutelage of Nadia Boulanger and Jean Doyen. She graduated with three prizes at the age of 15. She continued her education with Alfred Cortot and Wilhelm Kempff.
Musical career
She was already interested in music at the age of 2 and started to play Johann Sebastian Bach's preludes at the age of 4. When she was 7 or 8 years old she used to listen to Brahms. Later on she discovered Sergei Rachmaninoff.
From the age of 16, Biret played as a soloist with the most distinguished orchestras in the world, including the London Symphony, the Philharmonia, the London Philharmonic, the Boston Symphony, the Leningrad Philharmonic, the Leipzig Gewandhaus, the Dresden Staatskapelle, the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande, the Tokyo Philharmonic, the Warsaw Philharmonic, the Orchestre National de France and the Sydney Symphony. She collaborated with eminent conductors such as Hermann Scherchen, Pierre Monteux, Erich Leinsdorf, Rudolf Kempe, Gennady Rozhdestvensky, Aaron Copland, Rafael Frühbeck de Burgos, Charles Mackerras, Jean Fournet, José Serebrier, Moshe Atzmon, Antoni Wit and Hiroyuki Iwaki. Biret also gave concerts at the festivals of Berlin, Montreal, Istanbul, Dubrovnik, Montpellier, Nohant, Persepolis, Royan and Athens. Idil Biret had her US concert premier at Symphony Hall in Boston under Erich Leinsdorf on Friday, November 22, 1963. Just before she was to play (Rachmaninoff Piano Concerto #3), Maestro Leinsdorf addressed the audience, saying that "we have just heard on the wireless that the President of the United States has been the victim of an assassination!" After the audience got over the shock, the orchestral management and players agreed to proceed with Biret's performance.
She has been a jury member at several piano competitions: Van Cliburn (US), Queen Elisabeth (Belgium), Montreal (Canada), Liszt (Weimar, Germany) and Busoni (Italy).
Her numerous recordings (more than 100 to date) for labels such as EMI, Decca, Atlantic, Finnadar and Naxos include the Saint-Saëns' piano concertos nos. 2, 4, 5, world-premiere recording of Liszt's transcriptions of the nine Beethoven symphonies (EMI 6LP/1986), complete solo piano works and concertos of Chopin (15CD/1992), of Brahms (12CD/1997), Rachmaninoff (10CD/2000) and the piano transcription of Stravinsky’s ballet music The Firebird (2003) and many others. Biret's wide repertoire encompasses much of the late Classical and Romantic piano literature. She is probably best known for her Chopin recordings, which won her the prestigious 'Grand Prix du Disque Frédéric Chopin' in Poland in 1995. In 2004 the sale of her Naxos CDs worldwide reached two million copies. Naxos commemorated this event by presenting Biret with a platinum disc. The same year the Boulez sonatas recording won the annual Golden Diapason award and was selected among the best recordings of the year by Le Monde newspaper in France.
Biret has played in cycles the complete piano works of Beethoven and Brahms. In the 1980s she performed in two series of concerts Beethoven’s 32 sonatas and the piano transcription (Liszt) of all the 9 Symphonies, the latter broadcast live by Radio France. In the 1990s she played Beethoven’s five Piano Concertos, the Choral Fantasia and the Triple Concerto in five concerts. In 1997 she played all the solo piano works of Brahms in a series of five recitals in Germany during the composer’s centennial anniversary.
Her recordings of 20th century classical pieces include the three piano sonatas of Pierre Boulez (Naxos Records 1995) as well as the piano works and editions of Wilhelm Kempff (Marco Polo 1991). Idil Biret also recorded the etudes (volume 1 and 2) of György Ligeti for Naxos, which was released in 2003. Earlier, in the 1970s she recorded in New York for Finnadar/Atlantic records works by Boucourechliev, Anton Webern, Alban Berg, İlhan Mimaroğlu, Leo Brouwer, Castiglioni, Alexander Scriabin, Sergei Prokofiev and Nikolai Myaskovsky.
In September 2006 a biography "Idil Biret - Une Pianiste Turque en France" was written by a French author, Prof. Dominique Xardel and published by Buchet/Chastel in France. The book has been translated into Turkish and published by Can Yayinlari. The German translation of the book has been published by Staccato Verlag in September 2007. Russian translation will be available shortly. English translation of the book is also available in a special edition privately.
She has recorded the complete Beethoven piano sonatas and concertos for her own label. It was released in 2008–2009 as an integral set, along with her 1986 EMI recordings of the nine Beethoven symphonies, as transcribed for piano by Franz Liszt. The complete set will include 19 CDs. Biret recorded most of the sonatas near Brussels between 2001–2005 (three were recorded in 1994). She recorded the concertos with the Bilkent Symphony Orchestra conducted by Antoni Wit in 2008. Biret is the only pianist to have performed all of Beethoven's piano sonatas, concertos and Liszt transcriptions of the nine symphonies in public concerts. She is now the first pianist to have recorded them all.
In an interview in 2014, she expressed interest in improvisation and the Opus Clavicembalisticum by Sorabji.
Awards and recognition
Biret has been a State Artist since 1971, an honorary title issued to artists by the government of Turkey for their contributions into the Turkish culture.
In 1987 Gürdal Duyar, renowned sculptor of Ataturk monuments around Turkey, offered to sculpt a bust of her. He arrived at her house with a lump of clay in his hand, however after working on the clay bust for some time the clay starts to dry out and crack and Duyar leaves with the work in progress bust to go make a plaster mould of it. After Duyar passed away, the fate of the bust was unknown for some time until it resurfaced when Şefik Büyükyüksel, the spouse of Biret, discovered a photo of it online in the private collection of Dr. Baha Toygar who had bought it from a gallery owned by Emel Say.
In 1995, Biret's recordings of Chopin's entire oeuvre was awarded the "Grand Prix du Disque Frédéric Chopin" in Poland. The same year, she won the "Diapason d'Or" prize in France for her recording of Boulez's sonatas, which was selected among the best recordings of the year by the newspaper Le Monde.
Biret also received the following awards: the Lili Boulanger Memorial Prize in Boston (US), the Harriet Cohen/Dinu Lipatti Gold Medal in London (UK) the Polish Prize for Artistic Merits, the National Knight Merit Order of France, the Adelaide Ristori Prize, Italy. In 2007 she was decorated with Distinguished Service Order – Cavalry Cross by the Polish President Lech Kaczynski for her contributions to Polish culture with her recordings and performances of Chopin's music.
References
Source
Full biography
Idil Biret and Wilhelm Kempff, photos
Idil Biret's repertoire
Reminiscences on Idil Biret
Alan Weiner's memoires
Short biography and discography
External links
Idil Biret’s official website
Idil Biret Archive
Hear İdil Biret in concert from WGBH Radio Boston
1941 births
Musicians from Ankara
Living people
Turkish classical pianists
Turkish women pianists
State Artists of Turkey
Women classical pianists
21st-century classical pianists
20th-century classical pianists
Recipient of the Meritorious Activist of Culture badge
20th-century women pianists
21st-century women pianists |
Home From School: The Children of Carlisle is a 2021 documentary film. The film tells the story of a group of Northern Arapaho who seek to recover the remains of Arapaho children buried in the 1880s on the grounds of the Carlisle Indian Industrial School in Carlisle, Pennsylvania.
The film aired on Independent Lens on PBS on November 23, 2021.
References
External links
2021 films
2021 documentary films
Carlisle Indian Industrial School
Arapaho
Documentaries about child abuse
Films about Native Americans |
Aaron Hayden may refer to:
Aaron Hayden (American football) (born 1973), American football running back
Aaron Hayden (footballer) (born 1997), English football defender |
Richard Rober (born Richard Steven Rauber; May 14, 1906 – May 26, 1952) was an American stage and film actor. From the mid-1930s to the mid-1940s he featured in numerous theatre productions, including being part of the original cast of Born Yesterday in Chicago, and the long-running Oklahoma!. In 1947 he moved to Hollywood and appeared in dozens of B-movies and film noir-type films, including Call Northside 777 (1948), Sierra (1950), and The Well (1951). He died in an automobile accident in 1952 at the age of 46.
Early life and family
Richard Steven Rauber was born in Rochester, New York, on May 14, 1906. He was the son of Frederick S. Rauber, an attorney, and Elizabeth Ford.
Career
Rober began his career as a stage actor in the mid-1930s under his real name, Richard Rauber. Penniless and looking for work after his graduation from the University of Rochester, he landed a small part in a play by the Lyceum Players starring Louis Calhern. He went on to act with nearly every repertory theatre company on the East Coast. He was part of the original Chicago company of Born Yesterday. He also performed in the long-running Oklahoma!.
In 1947, Rober embarked on a career in Hollywood, appearing in his first film role in Call Northside 777 (1948). He appeared in many B-movies—including Sierra (1950)—and film noir drama films such as The File on Thelma Jordon (1950) and The Well (1951). In July 1951 it was reported that he had appeared in 26 films in his 3 1/2 years in Hollywood.
While Rober mostly played supporting roles, his career began to go on the ascendancy before his death in 1952. He had a starring role in The Well (1951), and had traveled to Austria to play the lead in the MGM production The Devil Makes Three (1952). The week before his death, he played the lead in Corny Johnson, a television film produced by Bing Crosby Enterprises.
Personal life
Rober was married twice. His second marriage, at age 40, was to Mary Hay Barthelmess, age 23, daughter of actors Richard Barthelmess and Mary Hay, in New York in January 1946. They later divorced.
Death
Rober died after crashing his car in the San Fernando Valley on May 26, 1952. He had been driving with a passenger, actress Norma Britton. The car swerved off the highway in heavy fog and plummeted over a embankment, something which, three years earlier, in The File on Thelma Jordon, he actually depicted, sitting next to Barbara Stanwyck. Rescuers took the pair to Santa Monica Hospital, where Rober died a few hours later. Britton survived with rib injuries.
Rober was eulogized in Rochester and buried in the Holy Sepulchre Cemetery there.
Filmography
Stage credits
Sources:
References
Sources
External links
1906 births
1952 deaths
20th-century American male actors
American male film actors
Male Western (genre) film actors
Male actors from Rochester, New York
Road incident deaths in California
University of Rochester alumni |
Ćwiklinek is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Płońsk, within Płońsk County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately north of Płońsk and north-west of Warsaw.
References
Villages in Płońsk County |
Rafeen railway station was on the Cork, Blackrock and Passage Railway in County Cork, Ireland.
History
The station opened on 16 June 1903.
Passenger services were withdrawn on 12 September 1932.
Routes
Further reading
References
Disused railway stations in County Cork
Railway stations opened in 1903
Railway stations in the Republic of Ireland opened in the 1900s
Railway stations in the Republic of Ireland closed in 1932 |
Balls Cross is a hamlet in Ebernoe civil parish in the Chichester District of West Sussex, England.
The hamlet comprises a few houses together with a small garage and a pub, The Stag Inn at the junction of the road to Northchapel with the road from Petworth to Kirdford. Not far to the north, fields at Butcherlands Farm have been purchased by the Sussex Wildlife Trust which will be allowed to revert to pasture woodland over many years to double the size of the nationally important Ebernoe Common nature reserve.
External links
References
Villages in West Sussex |
United States v. Ruiz, 536 U.S. 622 (2002), was a decision by the United States Supreme Court in which the Court held that Brady v. Maryland did not require prosecutors to disclose impeachment evidence during plea bargaining.
Opinion
In Ruiz, the defendant sought to vacate her sentence because a plea deal she had been offered, which she rejected, included a waiver of their right to impeachment information related to informants or witnesses. The United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit granted the vacatur, finding that a plea is not voluntary unless the prosecution disclosed impeachment information to the defendant. This constituted a violation of the rule in United States v. Brady that pleas have to be voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently made.
The Supreme Court reversed the Ninth Circuit and gave three primary reasons for doing so. First, the Court stated that "impeachment information is special in relation to the fairness of a trial, not in respect to whether a plea is voluntary." Second, the Court cited court precedent finding that voluntariness in the plea context did not require "complete knowledge of the relevant circumstances" on the part of the defendant. Finally, the Court stated that such an obligation "could seriously interfere with the Government's interest in securing those guilty pleas that are factually justified, desired by defendants, and help to secure the efficient administration of justice."
Subsequent developments
Because Ruiz referred to Brady disclosures as a "trial-related" right, it raised questions as to whether Brady required the disclosure of exculpatory evidence during plea bargaining. By 2010, at least three circuit court of appeals relied upon Ruiz to hold that Brady did not. While the majority of courts have not expanded Ruiz further than its holding related to impeachment evidence, the debate about exculpatory evidence has continued in scholarship.
References
2002 in United States case law
United States Supreme Court cases of the Rehnquist Court
United States Supreme Court cases |
```xml
export enum CloneRepositoryTab {
DotCom = 0,
Enterprise,
Generic,
}
``` |
Andy Perry (born 28 December 1974 in Portsmouth, Hampshire, England) is a rugby union player for Newcastle Falcons in the Guinness Premiership, playing primarily as a lock.
He has previously played for Exeter and Plymouth Albion. He is a former Royal Marine and has also played for Devonport Services and Bridgwater.
Military service
At age 17, Perry abruptly decided to join the Royal Marines, where he served for 12 years. During his time in the Royal Marines Perry was deployed to Oman, Hong Kong, the Persian Gulf, and Northern Ireland.
Rugby career
On 21 July 2009, he signed for London Irish on a one-year deal.
References
1974 births
Living people
English rugby union players
Newcastle Falcons players
Plymouth Albion R.F.C. players
Royal Marines ranks
Rugby union locks
Rugby union players from Portsmouth |
The AF Group ASA () () is the third largest civil engineering and construction company in Norway. The company headquarters is located in Oslo. The AF Group is listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange.
History
The AF Group was established in 1985. The company eventually went into the oil and gas sector and built the landfall tunnel from the Troll Field in 1991, among other projects. AF merged with Ragnar Evensen in 1997, one of Oslo's largest contractors, which doubled AF's revenues. The acquisition of real estate-company Odin in 1997 was the basis for the business area Property, and AF built up the business areas demolition and recycling in the years that followed. The company took on the demolition of Sola Refinery in Jæren in 2000, one of the largest demolition projects in Norway. AF eventually became one of Norway's biggest within demolition.
Today, the company is one of the largest providers of energy efficiency and renewable energy production. In 2013, Offshore was established as a separate business area, after several projects in the years before. The Offshore commitment was extended with maintenance and modification, as well as marine and rig services, and new contracts in the North Sea resulted in Environmental Base at Vats, a modern reception facility for decommissioned offshore installations.
Former subsidiaries
Norway
AF Gruppen Industri AS
AF Ragnar Evensen AS
AF Spesialistprosjekt AS
AF Brødrene Holstad
Rolvsrud Utbygging AS
SRG - Scandinavian Rock Group AS
Sweden
AF Anläggning AB
JK Bygg i Göteborg AB
Business areas
Property
The real estate division is responsible for developing the housing business and manages a number of properties in Eastern Norway and Western Sweden.
Building
The building division of AF supplies new constructions, including residential buildings, office buildings, schools and cultural and institutional buildings.
Civil Engineering
Civil engineering is the largest division in the AF Group. It is divided into three business units: AF Civil Engineering, AF Harbour, AF Oil & Energy and has projects all over Norway, and western Sweden.
Environment
The environment division works with demolition and upgrading of older structures, including offshore installations for which it has built a top-modern decommissioning yard at Vats, near Haugesund. The division has offices in Norway, the United Kingdom and Poland.
Energy
The energy division works with designing, improving and optimizing energy solutions in buildings, constructions and ships and offshore installations. It has offices in Norway and China.
Management
Morten Grongstad - CEO/ President
Sverre Hærem - CFO/ Executive Vice President
Arild Moe - Executive Vice President Civil Engineering
Henning Olsen - Executive Vice President Building
Amund Tøftum - Executive Vice President Offshore
Andreas Jul Røsjø - Executive Vice President Property and Energy
Eirik Wraal - Executive Vice President Environment
Bård Frydenlund - Executive Vice President Human Resources
Honors and rewards
AF's website was named winner of the Farmandpris in 2009 in the category for best website among listed Norwegian companies.
The AF Group won the Farmandpris in 2015 for best annual report in the category of listed companies.
AF and Peer Gynt AS won the Culture and Business award in 2009 in the category culture based business. Forum for Culture and Business, in cooperation with Innovation Norway, hands out awards to honor and encourage cultural and business cooperation.
The AF Group won Construction of the year in 2007 with the project Blåfalli Vik.
References
Construction and civil engineering companies of Norway
Real estate companies of Norway
Companies based in Oslo
Real estate companies established in 1985
Companies listed on the Oslo Stock Exchange
Norwegian companies established in 1985
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1985 |
The second inauguration of Tsai Ing-wen as the 15th president of Taiwan was held on May 20, 2020, marking the second four-year term of Tsai Ing-wen as president and Chen Chien-jen as vice president. Before this, candidate of Democratic Progressive Party, Tsai won the election in 2020 in a landslide. Festivities were sharply curtailed by efforts to prevent the spread of COVID-19.
Inaugural Events
Oath of office
Held at 9:00a.m, swore to Sun Yat-sen, Tsai recited the following:
After that, the Secretary-General to the President, Secretary-General of National Security Council and President of the Executive Yuan, began to take oaths, who were administered by The President Tsai.
Inaugural address
Due to attendance restrictions designed to prevent the spread of COVID-19, Tsai delivered her address Taipei Guest House instead of The President Office.
In the speech, Tsai mentioned COVID-19 pandemic crisis.
References
See also
2020 Taiwanese presidential election
2020 in Taiwan |
Erigyius (in Greek Ἐριγυιoς; died 328 BC), a Mytilenaean, son of Larichus, was an officer in Alexander the Great's army. He had been driven into banishment by Philip II, king of Macedon, because of his faithful attachment to Alexander, and returned when the latter came to the throne in 336 BC. At the battle of Gaugamela, 331 BC, he commanded the cavalry of the allies, as he did also when Alexander set out in 330 BC from Ecbatana in pursuit of Darius III. In the same year Erigyius was entrusted with the command of one of the three divisions with which Alexander invaded Hyrcania. He was also among the generals sent against Satibarzanes, whom he slew in battle with his own hand. In 329 BC, together with Craterus and Hephaestion, and with the assistance of Aristander, a soothsayer, he endeavoured to dissuade Alexander from crossing the Jaxartes river against the Scythians. In 328 BC he fell in a battle against the Bactrian fugitives.
References
Smith, William (editor); Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, "Erigyius", Boston, (1867)
Notes
External links
Livius, Erigyius by Jona Lendering
Pothos.org, Erigyius, son of Larichus
Hetairoi
Settlers in Amphipolis
Generals of Alexander the Great
Ancient Mytileneans
4th-century BC Greek people
Ancient Greeks killed in battle
Year of birth unknown
328 BC deaths |
James Merritt Harrison, (September 20, 1915 – July 6, 1990) was a Canadian scientist and public servant. He was the Director of the Geological Survey of Canada from 1956 to 1964, and Assistant Deputy Minister of the Department of Energy, Mines and Resources.
Biography
Born in Regina, Saskatchewan, he obtained his B.Sc. from the University of Manitoba in 1935. He received his M.A. in 1941 and Ph.D. in 1943 from Queen's University.
He was one of the founders of the Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS) and was its first President from 1961 to 1964. Between 1966 and 1968, he was President of the International Council for Science (ICSU).
In 1969, Harrison was awarded the Logan Medal, the Geological Association of Canada's highest honour.
From January 1973 to March 1976, he was the Assistant Director-General for Natural Sciences at the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization in Paris.
In 1971, he was made a Companion of the Order of Canada.
References
Canadian Mining Hall of Fame citation
James Merritt Harrison Obituary
1915 births
1990 deaths
20th-century Canadian geologists
Geological Survey of Canada personnel
Companions of the Order of Canada
People from Regina, Saskatchewan
Logan Medal recipients
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
University of Manitoba alumni
Queen's University at Kingston alumni
Scientists from Saskatchewan |
was a village located in Sorachi District, Sorachi Subprefecture, Hokkaido, Japan.
As of 2004, the village had an estimated population of 3,671 and a density of 38.05 persons per km2. The total area was 96.49 km2.
On March 27, 2006, Kita, along with the town of Kurisawa (also from Sorachi District) was merged into the expanded city of Iwamizawa.
External links
Iwamizawa official website
Dissolved municipalities of Hokkaido |
The Torneo Gran Alternativa (2011) was a professional wrestling tournament event held by the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) that took place from March 25 until April 8, 2011 over the course of three CMLL Super Viernes shows. The Torneo Gran Alternativa (Spanish for "the Great Alternative tournament) concept sees a Novato or rookie team up with an experienced wrestler for a tag team tournament. The rookie winner is often elevated up the ranks of CMLL as a result of winning the tournament, but there is no specific "prize" awarded for winning the tournament beyond a symbolic trophy.
The tournament was won by rookie Escorpión and veteran Último Guerrero as they defeated rookie Metal Blanco and veteran Máscara Dorada in the finals. Following the victory Escorpión took the ring name Rey Escorpión ("Scorpion King") and became a member of Último Guerrero's Los Guerreros del Infierno faction in CMLL.
History
Starting in 1994 the Mexican professional wrestling promotion Consejo Mundial de Lucha Libre (CMLL) created a special tournament concept where they would team up a novato, or rookie, with a veteran for a single-elimination tag team tournament. The tournament was called El Torneo Gran Alternativa, or "the Great Alternative Tournament" and became a recurring event on the CMLL calendar. CMLL did not hold a Gran Alternativa tournament in 1997 and 2000 held on each year from 2001 through 2011. The 2011 Gran Alternativa tournament was the 17th overall Gran Alternativa tournament. All tournaments have been held in Arena México, CMLL's main venue and as part of the CMLL Super Viernes show.
Tournament background
The tournament will feature 15 professional wrestling matches with different wrestlers teaming up, some of which may be involved in pre-existing scripted feuds or storylines while others are simply paired up for the tournament. Wrestlers portray either villains (referred to as Rudos in Mexico) or fan favorites (Técnicos in Mexico) as they compete in wrestling matches with pre-determined outcomes. The tournament format follows CMLL's traditional tournament formats, with two qualifying blocks of eight teams that compete on the first and second week of the tournament and a final match between the two block winners. The qualifying blocks were one-fall matches while the tournament finals will be a best two-out-of-three falls tag team match. Each qualifying block started with all 8 Novatos competing in a "seeding" battle royal to determine the brackets for the block.
2012 Gran Alternativa participants
On the rookie side Fuego, then known as "Flash" had participated in the 2007Gran Alternativa and was the "rookie" with the longest time between appearances, four years. Rey Cometa had previously participated in the Gran Alternativa 2009 and 2010. Ángel de Plata, Diamante, Guerrero Maya Jr., Puma King and Tiger (As "Tiger Kid") had also competed in the tournament as rookies in previous years. It was the first Gran Alternativa tournament for rookies Escorpión, Hijo del Signo, Magnus, Mortiz, Dragon Lee, Hombre Bala Jr., Lestat, Metal Blanco and Palacio Negro. The veteran field include former Gran Alternativa winners Último Guerrero (both as a rookie and a vet), Negro Casas, Blue Panther, La Sombra, Atlantis and La Máscara (who won as a team).
Tournament results
Block A took place on Friday night March 25, 2011, and saw rookie Escorpión and Último Guerrero defeat three other teams to win their block. The following week Block B took place and was won by Máscara Dorada and Metal Blanco. The finals of the tournament were held on April 8, 2011 where Escorpión and Último Guerrero defeated Máscara Dorada and Metal Blanco two falls to one to win the entire tournament.
Tournament brackets
Tournament shows
March 25, 2011 Super Viernes
April 1, 2011 Super Viernes
April 8, 2011 Super Viernes
Aftermath
In the weeks following the Gran Alternativa tournament, Escorpión modified his name to "Rey Escorpión" ("Scorpion King"), to help emphasize his rise in the ranks of CMLL. He would also join Último Guerrero's faction Los Guerreros del Infierno ("The Warriors of the Inferno") alongside Dragón Rojo Jr. Early in 2012 Rey Escorpión's rise in CMLL continued as he started a feud with Black Warrior, which grew in intensity over the following months. He participated in the 2012 Torneo Nacional De Parejas Increibles where he teamed up with rival Black Warrior, furthering the storyline between the two as their inability to get along caused them to be eliminated by Marco Corleone and Último Guerrero. The storyline with Black warrior reached its conclusion on June 1, 2012, when Rey Escorpión defeated his opponent in a Luchas de Apuestas match, forcing Black Warrior to have his hair shaved off after the match. Rey Escorpión teamed up with rookie Boby Zavala to win the 2013 Gran Alternativa tournament, defeating Hombre Bala Jr. and Atlantis in the finals.
Metal Blanco and Palacio Negro both received new ring name and masks, becoming known as Tritón and Titán respectively. Metal Blanco, as Tritón, would compete n the 2012 Gran Alternativa tournament with no reference to his 2011 participation. He teamed up with Atlantis and made it to the finals before losing to tournament winners Euforia and El Terrible. Palacio Negro, as Titán, also took part in the tournament, teaming with Máscara Dorada, again with no reference to his previous tournament participation.
References
2011 in professional wrestling
CMLL Torneo Gran Alternativa
March 2011 events in Mexico
April 2011 events in Mexico |
Villa Clara is a Cuban professional football club based in Santa Clara, Villa Clara Province, which currently play Cuban first division.
Overview
The club, playing in Santa Clara at the Sandino Stadium, and representing the city and the whole province; is de jure based in the village of Zulueta and plays some matches at the Camilo Cienfuegos Stadium. Next to the Camilo Cienfuegos stadium is a smaller football field, were mostly children play, but is public and anyone can use.
Achievements
Campeonato Nacional de Fútbol de Cuba: 14
1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1986, 1992, 1996, 1997, 2002–03, 2004–05, 2010–11, 2011–12, 2013, 2016
Current squad
Squad of Villa Clara in the 2023 season
Coaches
In the 2023 season
References
Villa Clara
Santa Clara, Cuba |
The Patterson House in Larned, Kansas is a three-bedroom Lustron house built in 1949. Together with its matching Lustron garage, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.
It was built by Great Bend, Kansas Lustron dealer Don Brack in 1949 and would have cost somewhat more than $10,500. All exterior surfaces and walls and ceilings inside the house are porcelain enamel steel. It has an original built-in dining room china cabinet and pass-through to the kitchen, which identifies the house as a "Deluxe" edition of Lustron's Westchester house model. Other porcelain enamel built-in features include bookcases, a mirrored vanity, and closets and overhead storage.
It is a front-gabled, house with "Dove Gray" walls, white trim, and a green roof.
The two-car Lustron garage, like the house, is front-gabled and sits on a concrete slab foundation.
The property was deemed notable in 2001 as "an excellent and rare example of a three-bedroom Westchester Deluxe Lustron with an accompanying Lustron garage." A red brick wall holding an outdoor brick fireplace connects the house and garage and defines an outdoor patio area; this is compatible with intentions of Lustron designers for renovations to be added and does not detract from the historic integrity of the property.
The first owners, Harold and Alice Patterson, raised five children in the home. Donald and Joanne Reep bought the house in 1964. Mrs. Reep recalled taking the kitchen cabinets to an auto body shop to repair, after a kitchen fire, and appreciated the "'indestructible'" Lustron roof. In 2000, Mrs. Reep worked as a realtor in Larned, Kansas and reportedly knew at least one Lustron owner who valued the durability of Lustron houses for rental property.
Only about 2,500 Lustrons were ever manufactured.
References
External links
title=About Pawnee County on Pawnee County Kansas
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Kansas
Lustron houses in Kansas
Houses completed in 1949
Houses in Pawnee County, Kansas
National Register of Historic Places in Pawnee County, Kansas |
The Yale Global Tic Severity Scale (YGTSS) is a psychological measure designed to assess the severity and frequency of symptoms of disorders such as tic disorder, Tourette syndrome, and obsessive-compulsive disorder, in children and adolescents between ages 6 and 17.
The questionnaire is divided into three parts over the span of 17 pages: one section identifies symptoms of motor and phonic tics, severity, and age of onset. Another section concerns OCD symptoms, severity, and age of onset, and the last section concerns environmental effects on symptoms. The YGTSS is completed by the parent and takes approximately 15–20 minutes. The questionnaire has shown good reliability and validity in assessing tic severity in recent studies.
References
Further reading
Screening and assessment tools in child and adolescent psychiatry
Tourette syndrome |
The Halsman murder case was a major political event in Austria, when Philippe Halsman was accused of patricide in 1928 and sentenced in a controversial trial in Innsbruck. It demonstrated widespread antisemitism in rural Austria in the interwar period.
Crime
On September 10, 1928, Latvian Jewish dentist Morduch Halsman was murdered while on a hiking tour in the Zillertal valley in the Austrian Tyrol with his son, Philippe Halsman, then a 22-year-old student of engineering in Dresden. Philippe said he was walking some steps ahead of his father, then heard a cry and saw him falling down the precipice. By the time Philippe found a path and scrambled down to the river bank below, his father had been robbed and killed. His empty wallet was found alongside the body.
A series of unsolved crimes in the area and its growing antisemitism empowered local officials, who, without evidence or motive, arrested Philippe Halsman and charged him with his father’s death. The next day the body of Morduch Halsman was recovered and autopsied. Soon after, Philippe was brought to Innsbruck to stand trial.
Trials
The trial began on December 13, 1928 at the Innsbruck state court. Many relatives and friends from the Halsman family's hometown, Riga, came to support Philippe, but his position was desperate from the start. The testimony against him came from witnesses in Breitlahner, the town nearby (some connected to the Heimwehr movement, a network of proto-Nazi activity) who claimed to have found Philippe’s behavior at the crime scene suspicious. There was also circumstantial evidence: a stone had been found with the victim’s blood and hair, but there was no evidence linking the stone to Philippe. The most powerful argument for his defense was the lack of a motive, supported by testimony of Halsman's relatives which upheld the loving relationship between father and son. Nevertheless, after four days of trial, the jury voted 9-3 for conviction, and Philippe Halsman was sentenced to 10 years imprisonment in solitary confinement.
The legitimacy of that judgement was immediately challenged by journalists and legal scholars all over Austria and Germany. The Supreme Court of Austria reversed the verdict and sent the case back to Innsbruck. At the second trial on October 19, 1929, Halsman was found guilty of manslaughter and sentenced to four years of imprisonment.
Aftermath
Observers of the trial noted the widespread antisemitism in Tyrol and the public condemnation of Halsman. Halsman’s sister Liouba worked for his release and drew international attention to the case. Leading intellectuals of the time, among them Sigmund Freud, Albert Einstein and Thomas Mann endorsed his innocence. Freud's opinion emphasized that the Oedipus Complex, which the experts who testified at trial offered as the motive for Halsman's behavior was, in fact, universal and should not have been offered as a motive weighing toward Halsman's guilt. Finally, on October 1, 1930 the President of Austria Wilhelm Miklas pardoned Halsman. Philippe left Austria for Paris, where he joined his mother and sister and began his career as a photographer.
See also
List of unsolved murders
References
1928 murders in Austria
Antisemitism in Austria
Murder in Austria
Male murder victims
Unsolved murders in Austria |
Foxhole is a 2021 American war drama film written and directed by Jack Fessenden and starring James LeGros and Andi Matichak.
Cast
Motell Gyn Foster as Jackson
Cody Kostro as Clark
Angus O'Brien as Conrad
Alex Hurt as Morton
Alex Breaux as the German
Asa Spurlock as Confederate Soldier
James LeGros as Wilson
Andi Matichak as Gale
Production
Principal photography lasted sixteen days. Filming wrapped in New York in August 2019.
Release
In November 2021, it was announced that Samuel Goldwyn Films acquired North American distribution rights to the film, which premiered at the 2021 Oldenburg International Film Festival.
Reception
The film has a 67% rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on twelve reviews.
John DeFore of The Hollywood Reporter gave the film a positive review, calling it "a movie that almost entirely rises to the height of its ambitions."
Marya E. Gates of RogerEbert.com awarded the film three stars.
References
External links
2020s English-language films
Films shot in New York (state) |
NGC 6866 is an open cluster in the constellation Cygnus. It was discovered by Caroline Herschel on 23 July 1783.
References
Simbad
NGC 6866
Webda
External links
Open clusters
Cygnus (constellation)
6866
17830723 |
Malibu Islet, also known as Malibu Isle or Forbidden Island, is located at the entrance of Princess Louisa Inlet, south of Malibu Rapids, east of Queens Reach, a stretch of Jervis Inlet in the New Westminster Land District, British Columbia, Canada. The island is the part of the narrow passage that joins Princess Louisa Inlet and Jervis Inlet together. The navigational entrance to Princess Louisa Inlet for all marine traffic is between the island and a navigation buoy.
The island is part of the Shishalh people's traditional territory, referenced as Malibu Isle on all nautical charts and topographic maps. Traditionally, the Sechelts would bury their dead in the caves and island surrounding these inlets and bays of the Sunshine Coast. It is for this reason, that Young Life's Malibu Club has referred to this island as Forbidden Island since it is forbidden to be on the island for any reason out of respect for the native tradition.
External links
References
Islands of British Columbia
Sunshine Coast (British Columbia)
New Westminster Land District |
```python
#
#
# path_to_url
#
# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
"""Imports Polyphony RNN model."""
from __future__ import absolute_import
from __future__ import division
from __future__ import print_function
from .polyphony_model import PolyphonyRnnModel
``` |
Piotrów is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Blizanów, within Kalisz County, Greater Poland Voivodeship, in west-central Poland. It lies approximately south of Blizanów, north of Kalisz, and south-east of the regional capital Poznań.
References
Villages in Kalisz County |
Joaquín Domínguez Bécquer (25 September 1817, Seville 26 July 1879, Seville) was a Spanish Costumbrista painter.
Biography
His family was originally from the Spanish Netherlands, and their name was "Becker". He studied in his hometown at the Academia de Bellas Artes with his cousin, the painter José Domínguez Bécquer. Later, he would become a teacher there, and a full member in 1847. When José Domínguez died, in 1841, Joaquín became the guardian of his son, Valeriano, who would also become a painter.
His first major commission came from the court of Queen Isabella II to direct the artistic work being done on the occasion of the restoration of the Alcázar of Seville. This earned him the honorary title of Court Painter, and he was appointed Master of Drawing for the Queen's nephews; the sons of Luisa Fernanda de Borbón and Antoine de Orleans.
He was a renowned exponent of the Costumbrista style, with Sevillian themes; many of which may be seen at the Museum of Romanticism in Madrid and the Carmen Thyssen Museum in Málaga.
He also did portraits, urban landscapes, and historical scenes; notably a large canvas depicting the Treaty of Wad Ras, which is displayed in the headquarters of the City Council of Seville. Several works may also be seen at the Museo del Prado. Much of his work, however, remains in private collections.
References
Further reading
Pinturas y dibujos de la familia Bécquer, exhibition catalog, Seville, Caja de Ahorros Provincial, 1974
Antonio Reina Palazón, La pintura costumbrista en Sevilla (1830-1870), Seville, Universidad, 1979
External links
Biography @ MCN Biografías
More works by Bécquer @ ArtNet
1817 births
1879 deaths
19th-century Spanish painters
Spanish genre painters
Painters from Seville |
Marianella Rojas (born November 3, 1989), known as Nella, is a Venezuelan singer, originally from Porlamar, Margarita Island, Venezuela.
Graduated from Berklee College of Music, she won a Latin Grammy Awards for "Best New Artist" in 2019. The single "Voy" from her first album, created in collaboration with Javier Limón, was chosen among the best 54 songs of 2019 by New York Times. She was a special guest in Alejandro Sanz’ last tour in the United States in 2019, and was invited by the conductor Gustavo Dudamel to perform a song composed by him in the documentary "Free Color " from the artist Cruz Diez, released in 2020. She has also collaborated with artists such as Jennifer Lopez, Carlos Vives, Luis Enrique, Susana Baca, Los Amigos Invisibles, Monsieur Periné and Caramelos de Cianuro. In early 2020, she was signed by the record label Sony Music Latin in which, she released her second studio album Doce margaritas in 2021.
Musical career
She emigrated from her home island to Caracas, Canada and the United States to get musical education. She graduated from Berklee College of Music, where she met the composer, musician and music producer Javier Limon. Being an admirer of the singer Buika, she began to perform Andalusian music.
In 2018, she was invited to join as a singer and actress, the new movie Everybody Knows, from the Oscar-winning Iranian director, Asghar Farhadi, alongside Javier Bardem, Ricardo Darín and Penélope Cruz, where she performed several songs specially composed by Limon. Moreover, her voice was heard in the Cannes Festival since the film was chosen for the event opening.
The following year she held the Me Llaman Nella World Tour, where she offered a new set that included music from the film Everybody Knows, and Venezuelan folk songs. Her tour took her to stages in Venezuela, Panama, Mexico, United States, Spain and England.
Album "Voy" debut and international recognition
In 2019, she performed at the Latin Grammy Award ceremony along with Alejandro Sanz, Greecy and Aitana, where she later won the category Best New Artist.
In May of the same year, Nella makes her first record called "Voy"; an album with compositions and production by Javier Limon for Casa Limón Records and worldwide distributed by The Orchard. Her debut album has been internationally recognized and her first single, "Voy", was chosen among the best 54 songs of 2019 by The New York Times. Months later, she performed during the Hispanic Heritage Month celebration in 2019, at the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in Washington D.C., where she made a tribute dedicated to the strength of the Venezuelan people.
In 2019, she was a special guest of the singer Alejandro Sanz during his last tour in the United States, which took place in the American Airlines Arena in Miami and in the Microsoft Theater in Los Angeles. That same year she was invited by the conductor Gustavo Dudamel to perform a song composed by him for the documentary film Free Color by the artist Cruz Diez, directed by Beto Arvelo, and with the actor Edgard Ramirez as the narrator.
In March 2020, Nella signed with Sony Music Latin to release her next album in 2021.
Musical style
Her music brings together the folklore of her native land, with contemporary sounds and a strong influence of Andalusian music, sung with a personal and expressive vocal style.
Discography
2019: Voy (IMG/Javier Limón Records).
2021: Doce margaritas (Sony Music Latin)
Awards
2019: "Mejor Artista Nuevo" at the Latin Grammy Awards.
References
External links
Official Page
Official Facebook
Official Twitter
21st-century Venezuelan women singers
1989 births
Living people
Latin Grammy Award winners
Latin Grammy Award for Best New Artist
Berklee College of Music alumni
Women in Latin music
Sony Music Latin artists |
In his work Aspects of the Theory of Syntax (1965), Noam Chomsky introduces a hierarchy of levels of adequacy for evaluating grammars (theories of specific languages) and metagrammars (theories of grammars).
These levels constitute a taxonomy of theories (a grammar of a natural language being an example of such a theory) according to validation. This taxonomy might be extended to scientific theories in general, and from there even stretched into the field of the aesthetics of art. This present article's use of the phrase as a terminus technicus should not be confused with its everyday language uses.
Motivation
The "potency" criterion alluded to in the preceding section is somewhat ill-defined, but may include "exhaustiveness", "effectiveness', and an affective component as well. (Arguably, the taxonomy is also motivated by considerations of "elegance". This should not be confused with the application of the taxonomy in the field of aesthetics). As a metatheory, or "theory of theories", it becomes a concept of epistemology in the philosophy of science, rather than a mere tool or methodology of scientific linguistics. As Chomsky put it in an earlier work:
The theory of linguistic structure must be distinguished clearly from a manual of helpful procedures for the discovery of grammars.
The levels
Observational adequacy
The theory achieves an exhaustive and discrete enumeration of the data points.
There is a pigeonhole for each observation.
Descriptive adequacy
The theory formally specifies rules accounting for all observed arrangements of the data.
The rules produce all and only the well-formed constructs (relations) of the protocol space.
...the grammar gives a correct account of the linguistic intuition of the native speaker, and specifies the observed data (in particular) in terms of significant generalizations that express underlying regularities in the language.
Explanatory adequacy
The theory provides a principled choice between competing descriptions.
It deals with the uttermost underlying structure.
It has predictive power.
A linguistic theory that aims for explanatory adequacy is concerned with the internal structure of the device [i.e. grammar]; that is, it aims to provide a principled basis, independent of any particular language, for the selection of the descriptively adequate grammar of each language.
Theories which do not achieve the third level of adequacy are said to "account for the observations", rather than to "explain the observations."
The second and third levels include the assumption of Ockhamist parsimony. This is related to the Minimalist requirement, which is elaborated as a corollary of the levels, but which is actually employed as an axiom.
Precursors in the philosophy of science
It is suggested that the system of levels proposed by Chomsky in Aspects of the Theory of Syntax has its antecedents in the works of Descartes, Kant, Carnap, Quine, and others. Certainly the criterion of adequacy found in rationalism, specifically, rational empiricism, bear some resemblance to Chomsky's formulation.
Since one of the key issues which Chomsky treats in Aspects is a supposition of a congenital endowment of the language faculty in humans, the topic ramifies into questions of innateness and a priori knowledge, since it is by reference to those questions that the third level of adequacy is to be sought.
Note
This concept should not be confused with the "causal adequacy principle," which refers to Descartes' version of the ontological argument for the existence of God in his Meditations on First Philosophy.
Bibliography
Chomsky, Noam. 1957. Syntactic Structures. The Hague: Mouton.
Chomsky, Noam. 1964. "Current Issues in Linguistic Theory", in Fodor, J. A. and J. J. Katz (eds.), The Structure of Language: Readings in the Philosophy of Language, Englewood Cliffs, Prentice Hall: 50-118.
Chomsky, Noam. 1965. Aspects of the Theory of Syntax. Cambridge, Massachusetts MIT Press.
Chomsky, Noam. 1995. The Minimalist Program. Cambridge, Massachusetts: MIT Press.
Chomsky, Noam. 2000. New Horizons in the Study of Language and Mind. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
References
External links
Boeckx, Cedric, and Norbert Hornstein.The Varying Aims of Linguistic Theory.'' Online version at , accessed 2006-04-19.
Epistemology
Grammar
Noam Chomsky
Theories of language |
Beckenham is a town in London, England.
Beckenham may also refer to:
Beckenham (UK Parliament constituency), a constituency represented in the House of Commons
Beckenham, Western Australia, a suburb of Perth, Western Australia
Beckenham, New Zealand, a suburb of Christchurch, New Zealand
Beckenham Junction station, the main station in the London town
Municipal Borough of Beckenham, a local government in Kent, England from 1878 to 1965
New Beckenham railway station, in the London suburb of the same name.
Matthew Beckenham (born 1976), Australian hurdler |
NormalMan is an Italian radio and television series started in 2006. It became famous to the general public by comedians Lillo & Greg in their radio program "610 (sei uno zero)", broadcast on Rai Radio 2 from 2004. In 2006 it lands on television on satellite channel GXT enough to make a second season in 2007. It came available on K2 television channel in late 2009. It is starred by a character created for comics by Lillo in 1991.
Cast
Lillo, as Piermaria Carletti (NormalMan)
Greg, as most of the enemies
Virginia Raffaele, as various characters (mainly Mrs. Cassani)
Chiara Sani, as various characters
Simone Colombari, as various characters
Valentina Paoletti, as various characters
Viola Capitani, as various characters
Secondary characters
Amnesy
L'attore cane
Una barista mora
La famiglia Bocci
Il Cafone
La signora Cassani
Il fumatore
Fiatella
L'indicatore
Una intrigante donzella
Il nerd
Petoman
Il rivelatore
Il rockettaro
La signora delle pulizie
Il venditore
Il vigile urbano infame
Zizzania
Italian comedy television series |
Machado–Joseph disease (MJD), also known as Machado–Joseph Azorean disease, Machado's disease, Joseph's disease or spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3), is a rare autosomal dominantly inherited neurodegenerative disease that causes progressive cerebellar ataxia, which results in a lack of muscle control and coordination of the upper and lower extremities. The symptoms are caused by a genetic mutation that results in an expansion of abnormal "CAG" trinucleotide repeats in the ATXN3 gene that results in an abnormal form of the protein ataxin which causes degeneration of cells in the hindbrain. Some symptoms, such as clumsiness and rigidity, make MJD commonly mistaken for drunkenness or Parkinson's disease.
Machado–Joseph disease is a type of spinocerebellar ataxia and is the most common cause of autosomal-dominant ataxia. MJD causes ophthalmoplegia and mixed sensory and cerebellar ataxia.
Symptoms and signs
Symptoms of MJD are memory deficits, spasticity, difficulty with speech and swallowing, weakness in arms and legs, clumsiness, frequent urination and involuntary eye movements. Symptoms can begin in early adolescence and they get worse over time. Eventually, MJD leads to paralysis; however, intellectual functions usually remain the same.
Genetics
Flores and São Miguel are centers of the Machado–Joseph disease in the Azores.
Machado Joseph's disease has multiple origins as SCA3 comes from haplotype of four different origins and was not from one origin in the Azores. Japan, Brazil and France all have been founder effects in areas with SCA3.
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) on the Azores are believed to have come from Portugal's northeast where Sephardic Jews lived.
Belgium, French-Guiana and Algeria have their own MJD mutation origins. Portuguese have two mutations, while Brazil and France have one mutation, and Germans make up the majority of MJD patients in the United States. Individuals with Azorean MJD have their locus on the 14q24.3–32 chromosome, the same as some Japanese with MJD. It was an Azorean, William Machado, whose offspring in New England were the first to be diagnosed with MJD. The Azorean Joseph family, living in California, were also diagnosed with MJD. The same origin for MJD is found in the Azores and in America's north-west coast. Not only Portuguese have it since African Americans, Indians, Italians and Japanese also developed MJD.
In China, the mutation causing SCA type 3 has been estimated to have occurred 8,000 to 17,000 years ago.
In Japan, the oldest causative mutation appears to have occurred about 5774 +/- 1116 years ago.
Among aboriginal Australians, the founder mutation appears to have occurred about 7000 years ago. As this mutation is shared with other families based in Asia it seems likely that it was imported into Australia.
MJD affected Azoreans and Japanese had haplotypes in common while Azoreans also had haplotypes of two different origins.
Pathophysiology
The disease is caused by a mutation in the ATXN3 gene, which is located on chromosome 14 (14q32.1). In exon 10 the gene contains lengthy irregular CAG repeats, producing a mutated protein called ataxin-3. (Normally, the number of copies is between 13 and 41.) MJD is an autosomal dominant disease, meaning that if either parent gives the defective gene to a child, the child will show symptoms of the disease. Therefore, if one parent has this condition and the other parent does not, there will be a 50% chance of their child inheriting the condition.
The pons in the brainstem is one of the areas affected by MJD. The striatum (a brain area connected to balance and movement) is also affected by this disease, which could explain both of the main motor problems cause by MJD: the tightening and twisting of the limb and the abrupt, irregular movements.
In affected cells, this protein builds up and assembles intranuclear inclusion bodies. These insoluble aggregates are hypothesized to interfere with the normal activity of the nucleus and induce the cell to degenerate and die.
Diagnosis
MJD can be diagnosed by recognizing the symptoms of the disease and by taking a family history. Physicians ask patients questions about the kind of symptoms relatives with the disease had, the progression and harshness of symptoms, and the ages of onset in family members.
Presymptomatic diagnosis of MJD can be made with a genetic test. The direct detection of the genetic mutation responsible for MJD has been available since 1995. Genetic testing looks at the number of CAG repeats within the coding region of the MJD/ATXN3 gene on chromosome 14. The test will show positive for MJD if this region contains 61–87 repeats, as opposed to the 12–44 repeats found in healthy individuals. A limitation to this test is that if the number of CAG repeats in an individual being tested falls between the healthy and pathogenic ranges (45–60 repeats), then the test cannot predict whether an individual will have MJD symptoms.
Classification
There are five sub-types of MJD that are characterized by the age of onset and range of symptoms.
The sub-types illustrate a wide variety of symptoms that patients can experience. However, assigning individuals to a specific sub-type of the disease is of limited clinical significance.
Type I affects approximately 13% of individuals with MJD and has onset of symptoms between the ages of 10 and 30 years old. It usually progresses quickly, with patients experiencing severe rigidity and dystonia.
Type II is the most common sub-type, affecting approximately 57% of individuals with MJD and symptoms typically begin between 20 and 50 years of age. It has an intermediate rate of progression and causes symptoms that include ataxia and spasticity, along with other upper motor neuron signs such as exaggerated deep tendon reflexes (DTRs).
Type III occurs in approximately 30% of MJD patients and has a relatively slow progression, with symptoms typically arising between the ages of 40 and 70. Symptoms include muscle twitching and cramps, unpleasant sensations such as numbness, tingling, and pain in the feet and hands, and limb muscle atrophy. Nearly all patients experience a decline in their vision experienced as blurred vision, double vision, inability to control eye movements, and/or loss of capability to distinguish color. Some patients also experience Parkinsonian symptoms.
Type IV is distinguished by Parkinsonian symptoms that respond particularly well to levodopa treatment.
Type V appears to resemble Hereditary Spastic Paraplegia; however, more research is needed to conclude the relationship between Type V MJD and hereditary spastic paraplegia.
Treatment
There is no cure for Machado-Joseph Disease. However, treatments are available for some symptoms. For example, spasticity can be reduced with antispasmodic drugs, such as baclofen. The Parkinsonian symptoms can be treated with levodopa therapy. Prism glasses can reduce diplopic symptoms. Physiotherapy/Physical Therapy and/or occupational therapy can help patients by prescribing mobility aids to increase the patients' independence, providing gait training, and prescribing exercises to maintain the mobility of various joints and general health to decrease the likelihood of falls or injuries as a result of falls. Walkers and wheelchairs can greatly help the patient with everyday tasks. Some patients will experience difficulties with speech and swallowing, therefore a Speech-Language Pathologist can assist the patients to improve their communicating abilities and their issues with swallowing.
Prognosis
Patients with severe forms of MJD have a life expectancy of approximately 35 years. Those with mild forms have a normal life expectancy. The cause of death of those who die early is often aspiration pneumonia.<ref name="Machado-Joseph Disease
History
The disease was first identified in 1972.
Unlike many other medical conditions, Machado–Joseph disease is not named after researchers. It is named after two men ("William Machado" and "Antone Joseph") who were the patriarchs of the families in which the condition was initially described. The highest prevalence of the condition is on Australia's Groote Eylandt where 5% of the population are currently symptomatic or at risk, followed by the Azorean island of Flores where around 1 in 140 individuals in the population are diagnosed with MJD.
Culture and society
Brazilian comedian, actor and TV personality Guilherme Karam was diagnosed with Machado–Joseph disease, having inherited it from his mother, like his brother and sister. He died on 7 July 2016.
In a video on Facebook just days after Karam's death, Brazilian personality, journalist and television presenter, Arnaldo Duran publicly acknowledged his condition with Machado-Joseph. Brazilian press gave huge attention to both cases.
Ethical consideration
Ethicists have used Machado–Joseph disease as a paradigmatic illness to discuss the rights of a community of patients to control "ownership" of their disease, particularly when it comes to research on genetic testing. Also, as there currently is no clinical intervention to prevent the onset of the disease symptoms, there is discourse over whether individuals should get tested or not. The benefits of having MJD testing include a reduction in anxiety and uncertainty, and the ability to plan for the future. Some disadvantages include the anticipation of negative results and the individual's difficulties in adapting to this outcome.
References
External links
Disorders of synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins
Systemic atrophies primarily affecting the central nervous system
Neurodegenerative disorders
Rare diseases |
Vladimír Škoda (born October 9, 1983) is a Czech professional ice hockey player who is currently playing for HKm Zvolen in the Slovak Extraliga.
External links
1983 births
HKM Zvolen players
Living people
Czech ice hockey centres
Ice hockey people from České Budějovice
Czech expatriate ice hockey players in Slovakia
Czech expatriate ice hockey players in Canada
Czech expatriate ice hockey players in Germany
Czech expatriate sportspeople in Kazakhstan
Expatriate ice hockey players in Kazakhstan |
Camanducaia is the southernmost municipality in Minas Gerais, Brazil. Inhabited by 21,801 in 2020.
The municipality contains part of the Fernão Dias Environmental Protection Area, created in 1997.
References
Municipalities in Minas Gerais
Populated places established in 1868 |
Four ships of the Royal Navy have borne the name HMS Nonpareil, from the French meaning 'without equal':
was a 56-gun galleon, launched in 1556 as the 44-gun HMS Philip and Mary. She was rebuilt in 1584 and renamed Nonpareil. She was again rebuilt in 1603 and renamed Nonsuch. She was sold in 1645.
was a schooner launched at Baltimore in 1801 that the Royal Navy captured in 1808 and purchased. She was damaged in a storm in 1812 and sold the following year.
was an launched in 1916 and sold in 1921.
was an N-class destroyer launched in 1941. She was transferred to the Royal Netherlands Navy in 1942 and renamed Tjerk Hiddes. She was transferred to Indonesia in 1951 and renamed Gadjah Mada. She was broken up in 1961.
HMS Nonpareil was to have been an . She was laid down in 1944 but cancelled later that year.
Royal Navy ship names |
Leandro Narloch (1978 in Curitiba, Paraná) is a Brazilian journalist and writer. He worked as a reporter at Veja magazine and as an editor at Aventuras na História and Superinteressante magazines, all published by Grupo Abril.
He became notorious in 2009, when he published his controversial debut book Guia Politicamente Incorreto da História do Brasil (can be translated as Politically Incorrect Guide to the History of Brazil), a work in which he tries to tear down supposed misconceptions built around important people and events of Brazilian history. the book became a best-seller in Brazil.
In 2011, Narloch released the sequel for his first book, Guia Politicamente Incorreto da América Latina (Politically Incorrect Guide to Latin America), in which Leandro adopts the same line of work, only this time focusing in the History of Latin America in general. In August 2013, he released the third book of the series, Guia Politicamente Incorreto da História do Mundo, which covers world history.
References
1978 births
Living people
Brazilian journalists
People from Curitiba
Brazilian non-fiction writers
Federal University of Paraná alumni
Brazilian anti-communists |
Hugh Edward "Hughie" Thomasson Jr. (August 13, 1952 – September 9, 2007) was an American guitarist and singer, best known as a founding member of Outlaws. The band found success in the late 1970s and early 1980s with a string of hits. He was also a replacement guitarist for Lynyrd Skynyrd.
Biography
Thomasson wrote many of the songs for the Outlaws, including most of their more popular songs like "Hurry Sundown", "There Goes Another Love Song," and "Green Grass and High Tides". After Outlaws disbanded, Thomasson joined Lynyrd Skynyrd, leaving that band in 2005 to reform Outlaws. Before his death, he contributed to writing of many of Lynyrd Skynyrd's songs on their 2009 album God & Guns, including the single "Still Unbroken."
Thomasson died in his sleep on September 9, 2007, of a heart attack in his home in Brooksville, Florida. He was 55 years old.
References
External links
"Southern Rock Pioneer Hughie Thomasson Dies in Florida"
"Guitarist Remembered For Generosity"
1952 births
2007 deaths
20th-century American musicians
American male guitarists
American people of Swedish descent
American rock guitarists
Arista Records artists
Lead guitarists
Lynyrd Skynyrd members
Guitarists from Florida
Outlaws (band) members
Musicians from Tampa, Florida
20th-century American guitarists
People from Buchanan, Virginia
20th-century American male musicians |
Friends and Crocodiles is a one-off British television drama production, written and directed by Stephen Poliakoff and first broadcast on BBC One on 15 January 2006.
Overview
The film charts the shifting power between a boss and his secretary as their careers rise and fall
in the rapidly changing workplace of 1980s and 1990s Britain. Friends and Crocodiles stars Damian Lewis, Jodhi May and Robert Lindsay with an ensemble cast that includes Patrick Malahide and Eddie Marsan.
Damian Lewis plays Paul, a Gatsby-like figure and inspirational entrepreneur. He is a host of fabulous parties, a "collector" of interesting people, a visionary with dreams of new urban landscapes, and keeper of a pet crocodile. Jodhi May plays Lizzie, who is persuaded by Paul to become his secretary and bring some order to his creative chaos. Once at Paul's magnificent house, Lizzie's world expands as she meets artists, historians and politicians.
The drama was loosely linked to a second Poliakoff piece, Gideon's Daughter, broadcast the following month. Although the links were more thematic than narrative, the character of Sneath (Lindsay) reappeared in Gideon's Daughter, acting as the narrator.
Cast
Trivia
The location of the final scene around the fire is Weavers Fields in Bethnal Green.
References
External links
Friends and Crocodiles at bbc.co.uk.
BBC television dramas
Films directed by Stephen Poliakoff
2006 television films
2006 films
2000s business films |
Xolocotzia is a monotypic genus of flowering plants in the family Verbenaceae containing the single species Xolocotzia asperifolia. This plant, a shrub or small tree, is native to Mexico and Honduras; it has been collected only once in the latter.
This species is grouped with the genus Petrea in a small clade which is a sister group to the rest of the family. Plants of these two genera have fleshy fruits and showy sepals that are longer than the flower corollas at the center. It is possible that this species may be added to genus Petrea at some point, but more analysis is required to support such a move.
References
Verbenaceae
Flora of Honduras
Flora of Mexico
Endangered plants
Endangered biota of Mexico
Monotypic Lamiales genera
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Verbenaceae genera |
Parotis confinis is a moth in the family Crambidae. It was described by George Hampson in 1899. It is found in Taiwan and Australia, where it has been recorded from Queensland.
References
Moths described in 1899
Spilomelinae |
Albert Joe Criswell (April 30, 1929 – March 13, 2012), better known as Joe McCarthy, was an American professional wrestler who competed in the 1950s and 1960s primarily throughout the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA) where he was a former NWA World Junior Heavyweight Champion. He was a prominent competitor for various NWA territories including Nick Gulas's NWA Mid-America and Leroy McGuirk's NWA Tri-State.
Professional wrestling career
Criswell began his professional wrestling career in the early 1950s, competing primarily within Nick Gulas's NWA Mid-America territory. As Joe McCarthy, he headlined several events in 1954/1955, including tag team bouts with his partner Buddy Fuller. By the late 1950s, he was competing regularly throughout Ohio, North Carolina and Alabama. By 1960, McCarthy began capturing championship gold. On April 20, 1960, he teamed with the Great Bolo to defeat Bobby and Don Fields for both the Gulf Coast and Mid-America NWA Southern Tag Team Championships in Mobile, Alabama.
On April 9, 1963, McCarthy won the NWA Georgia Southeastern Heavyweight Championship. By this point, he had become a headliner for NWA Tri-State. On February 12, 1966, McCarthy defeated Lorenzo Parente to win the NWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship. He defended the title in the Southern United States before eventually losing it to Danny Hodge in Little Rock, Arkansas.
Championships and accomplishments
National Wrestling Alliance
NWA World Junior Heavyweight Championship
AWA Southern Tag Team Championship
NWA Georgia Southeastern Heavyweight Championship
NWA Southeastern Heavyweight Championship
NWA Mississippi Heavyweight Championship (2 times)
NWA Gulf Coast Tag Team Championship
References
1929 births
American male professional wrestlers
People from Obion County, Tennessee
2012 deaths
20th-century professional wrestlers
NWA World Junior Heavyweight Champions |
Orthospila is a genus of moths of the family Crambidae. The genus was first described by William Warren in 1890.
Species
Orthospila orissusalis (Walker, 1859)
Orthospila plutusalis (Walker, 1859)
References
Spilomelinae
Crambidae genera
Taxa named by William Warren (entomologist) |
The Hobie 16 class competition of the sailing events at the 2011 Pan American Games in Guadalajara were held from October 17 to October 23 at the Vallarta Yacht Club in Puerto Vallarta. The defending champion was the boat from Guatemala.
Points were assigned based on the finishing position in each race (1 for first, 2 for second, etc.). The points were totaled from the top 9 results of the first 10 races, with lower totals being better. If a sailor was disqualified or did not complete the race, 9 points were assigned for that race (as there were 8 sailors in this competition). The top 5 sailors at that point competed in the final race, with placings counting double for final score. The sailor with the lowest total score won.
Schedule
All times are Central Standard Time (UTC-6).
Results
Race M is the medal race in which only the top 5 competitors took part. Each boat can drop its lowest result provided that all ten races are completed. If less than ten races are completed all races will count. Boats cannot drop their result in the medal race.
References
External links
Sailing schedule
Sailing at the 2011 Pan American Games
Hobie 16 class sailing competitions |
Colchicum macrophyllum has large, funnel-shaped flowers in the fall with much tessellation throughout the bloom. The colour is rosy-purple and white. The leaves that it produces in the spring are large, up to 16" (40 cm) long, among the largest of all colchicum species.
This plant is native to the area around the Aegean Sea (Turkey and Greece including Crete).
References
External links
Images (Crete)
macrophyllum
Flora of Turkey
Garden plants
Plants described in 1951
Flora of Crete
Flora of Greece |
Leave It To Me may refer to:
Leave It to Me (1920 film), a 1920 American film by Emmett J. Flynn
Leave It to Me (1930 film), a 1930 British film
Leave It to Me (1933 film), a 1933 British film
Leave It to Me (1937 film), a 1937 British film
Leave It to Me (1955 film), a 1955 Czech film
Leave It to Me!, a 1938 musical
Leave It to Me (novel), a 1997 American novel
"Leave It to Me" (song), the third single by Irish art rock quartet Director |
Alfonso Bernardo de los Ríos y Guzmán, O.SS.T. (1626 – 5 October 1692) was a Roman Catholic prelate who served as Archbishop of Granada (1677–1692), Bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo (1671–1677), and Bishop of Santiago de Cuba (1668–1669).
Biography
Alfonso Bernardo de los Ríos y Guzmán was born in Granada, Spain in 1626 and ordained a priest in the Trinitarian Order.
On 17 September 1668, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement IX as Bishop of Santiago de Cuba.
In 1669, he was consecrated bishop by Antonio Sanz Lozano, Bishop of Cartagena.
On 16 November 1671, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Clement X as Bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo.
On 13 September 1677, he was appointed during the papacy of Pope Innocent XI as Archbishop of Granada.
He served as Archbishop of Granada until his death on 5 October 1692.
References
External links and additional sources
(for Chronology of Bishops)
(for Chronology of Bishops)
(for Chronology of Bishops)
(for Chronology of Bishops)
(for Chronology of Bishops)
(for Chronology of Bishops)
17th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Cuba
Bishops appointed by Pope Clement IX
Bishops appointed by Pope Clement X
Bishops appointed by Pope Innocent XI
1626 births
1692 deaths
Trinitarian bishops
Archbishops of Granada
Roman Catholic bishops of Santiago de Cuba |
Abu'l-Aswar Shavur ibn Manuchihr was the Kurdish Shaddadid emir of Ani from 1118 to 1124.
A son and successor of Manuchihr b. Shavur, Abu'l-Aswar was accused by the contemporary Armenian historian Vardan Areveltsi of persecuting Christians and attempting to sell Ani to the Seljuk emir of Kars. His rule was terminated by the resurgent King David IV of Georgia, whom Ani surrendered without a fight in 1124. Abu'l-Aswar Shavur ended his days as a captive of the Georgians in exile in Abkhazia, while Ani was given by David IV to his general, Abulet. Abu'l-Aswar Shavur's son Fadl would be able to resume the Shaddadid reign in Ani in 1125.
References
Sources
Shaddadid emirs of Ani
12th-century monarchs in the Middle East
Kurdish rulers
12th-century Kurdish people |
Vampire Lesbians of Sodom is a satirical play written by Charles Busch. It features a series of vignettes that deals with the lives of two eponymous immortal vampire lesbians, a creature known as The Succubus who is also known as La Condessa or Magda Legerdemaine, and the virgin-turned-vampire who becomes known as Madelaine Astarte and Madelaine Andrews. The two are locked in eternal, if comic, antagonism after surviving the downfall of the mythical Biblical city in question. Particular conflict occurs when both women arrive in 1920s/1930s Broadway and Hollywood and masquerade as silent film stars. A final scene in Las Vegas in the 1980s sees them finally reach a truce.
Described by The New York Times as having "costumes flashier than pinball machines, outrageous lines, awful puns, sinister innocence, harmless depravity", it was first performed at the Limbo Lounge in Manhattan's East Village in 1984 and moved Off Broadway in June 1985 to the Provincetown Playhouse, where it ran for five years.
International Productions
From November 2013 through August 2014, a musical-like adaptation of Vampire Lesbians of Sodom was staged in Brazil, and performing at the Teatro Municipal Café Pequeno in Rio de Janeiro, including additional performances at the Teatro Popular Oscar Niemeyer in Niterói, the Teatro Dulcina in Rio de Janeiro, and at the Festival Internacional de Teatro in São José do Rio Preto. There were a little over 30 performances in total. Considered one of the best plays in town in 2014 by many critics, and 3 x time winner of the Cenym Award for best supporting actor (Thiago Chagas), best cast, and best sound design/execution.
It was translated, and adapted into a musical by Jonas Klabin, who also directed and produced this version. Artistic supervision of Cesar Augusto, musical director by Davi Guilhermme, Choreography by Alan Rezende. Starring Marya Bravo, Thiago Chagas, André Vieira, Davi Guilhermme, Thadeu Matos, and Thuany Parente. The songs where chosen from 1920s and 1930s Weimar Republic cabaret music, translated and adapted to the days. Production company Treco: www.treco.art.br
Notes
External links
Plays by Charles Busch
1984 plays
Vampires in plays
Lesbian-related mass media
Satirical plays
Plays set in New York City
Plays set in Los Angeles |
The Coalition of Graduate Employee Unions consists of unions representing graduate employees (also known as academic student employees or ASEs) at universities in Canada and the United States. The coalition formed in 1992 and each year it organizes a yearly conference at which representatives from graduate employee unions come together to teach and learn from each other about organizing, negotiating contracts, tactics, and mobilization of members. In past conferences, the delegates spent part of one of the days on the picket line in solidarity with a group of striking workers in the city hosting the conference, but this has not occurred in recent years. In the period between conferences CGEU provides a forum for graduate employee unions to share information with each other, and maintains a website with information about graduate employee organizing.
The coalition is made up of locals from many different international unions, such as: the American Federation of Teachers, the United Auto Workers, the Communication Workers of America, UNITE HERE, United Electrical Workers, National Education Association, American Association of University Professors, the Service Employees International Union and the Canadian Union of Public Employees, as well as some number of independent unions.
Conferences
The 16th annual CGEU conference took place in the summer of 2007 in Amherst, Massachusetts and was hosted by GEO/UAW.
The 21st annual CGEU conference took place in the summer of 2012 in Vancouver, BC and was hosted by CUPE 2278 and the Teaching Support Staff Union.
The 22nd annual CGEU conference took place in the summer of 2013 in Iowa City, IA and was hosted by COGS.
The 23rd annual CGEU conference took place in the summer of 2014 in Montreal, QC and was hosted by AGSEM.
The 24th annual CGEU conference took place on August 5–8, 2015, in Amherst, MA and was hosted by Graduate Employee Organization (GEO) at University of Massachusetts-Amherst.
The 25th annual CGEU conference will take place on August 13–16, 2016, in Los Angeles, to be hosted by UC Student-Workers Union (UAW 2865) at University of California, Los Angeles.
See also
List of graduate student employee unions
National Labor Relations Act
Rand formula
2011 Wisconsin protests - initiated by the Teaching Assistants' Association (TAA)
2012 Quebec student protests
2009 California college tuition hike protests
External links
CGEU - CGEU archived websites first, second
UAW Local 2865 - University of California academic student employee union
UAW Local 4121 - University of Washington academic student employee union
UAW Local 2322 - University of Massachusetts Amherst academic student employee union
TSSU (Website) - Simon Fraser University Teaching Assistant and Sessional employee union
Graduate school trade unions
Trade unions in Canada
Trade unions in the United States
Trade unions established in 1992 |
VCF may refer to:
Organizations
Valencia CF, a Spanish professional football club in Valencia
Victory (church) (formerly VCF), an evangelical Protestant church based in the Philippines
Vietnam Children's Fund, a non-profit organization based in Unionville, Virginia, United States
Technology
Variant Call Format, the format of a text file used in bioinformatics for storing gene sequence variations
vCard, a file format standard for electronic business cards
Virtual Case File, a software application developed by the United States Federal Bureau of Investigation
Visual Component Framework, an abandoned open source project for development under Microsoft Windows and Apple Macintosh
VMware Cloud Foundation, an infrastructure platform for hybrid cloud management of the VMware Infrastructure product line
Voltage-controlled filter, an electronic filter whose operating characteristics can be set by an input control voltage
Volume correction factor, a standardized computed factor used to correct for the thermal expansion of fluids
Other
September 11th Victim Compensation Fund, an act of the US Congress to compensate the victims of the September 11 attacks
VCF, one of several brands of spermicide
Vintage Computer Festival, an international event celebrating the history of computing
See also
VFC (disambiguation) |
```ruby
require "rails_helper"
require Rails.root.join(
"lib/data_update_scripts/20211104200856_update_each_articles_privileged_user_point_count.rb",
)
describe DataUpdateScripts::UpdateEachArticlesPrivilegedUserPointCount do
it "updates articles scores" do
article = create(:article)
user = create(:user, :trusted)
reaction = create(:thumbsdown_reaction, user: user, reactable: article)
# Short-circuiting callbacks
reaction.update_column(:points, 1_000_000)
expect { described_class.new.run }.to change { article.reload.privileged_users_reaction_points_sum }.to(1_000_000)
end
end
``` |
Costco Wholesale Corporation (commonly shortened to Costco) is an American multinational corporation which operates a chain of membership-only big-box retail stores (warehouse club). As of 2023, Costco is the third largest retailer in the world and is the world's largest retailer of choice and prime beef, organic foods, rotisserie chicken, and wine . Costco is ranked #11 on the Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue.
Costco's worldwide headquarters are in Issaquah, Washington, an eastern suburb of Seattle, although its Kirkland Signature house label bears the name of its former location in Kirkland. The company opened its first warehouse (the chain's term for its retail outlets) in Seattle Through mergers, however, Costco's corporate history dates back to 1976, when its former competitor Price Club was founded in San Diego, California. , Costco has 861 warehouses worldwide: 591 in the United States, 107 in Canada, 40 in Mexico, 33 in Japan, 29 in the United Kingdom, 18 in Korea, 15 in Australia, 14 in Taiwan, five in China, four in Spain, two in France, and one each in Iceland, New Zealand, and Sweden.
History
Price Club
Costco's earliest predecessor, Price Club, opened its first store on July 12, 1976, on Morena Boulevard in San Diego, California. It was founded three months earlier by Sol Price and his son, Robert, following a dispute with the new owners of FedMart, Price's previous membership-only discount store. Price Club was among the first retail warehouse clubs, beginning with its Morena Boulevard store inside a series of old airplane hangars once owned by Howard Hughes. The store, known as Costco Warehouse #401, is still in operation today.
Price Club's sales model targeted small business owners, selling items in bulk for a discounted price at no-frills outlets that were accessible only with an annual membership fee. The company launched an initial public offering in 1980 and expanded to 24 locations in the Southwest and 1.1 million members by early 1986. Price Club expanded into Canada in 1986, opening a store in Montreal, followed by a Mexico City store in 1992 as part of a joint venture with hypermarket chain Controladora Comercial Mexicana. The company also announced plans to open stores in Spain and Portugal through their Canadian subsidiary.
Costco opens
Jim Sinegal and Jeffrey H. Brotman opened the first Costco warehouse in Seattle on September 15, 1983. Sinegal had started in wholesale distribution by working for Sol Price at FedMart; Brotman, an attorney from an old Seattle retailing family, had also been involved in retail distribution from an early age. During this time, small businesses were given an 8% or 9% discount on inventories. He began his retail involvement as a grocery bagger. A second store opened in Portland in October, and a third in Spokane in The company went public in 1985 with 17 warehouses nationally and 1,950 employees. The company was initially headquartered at its first warehouse in Seattle but moved its headquarters to Kirkland in 1987.
The "PriceCostco" merger
In 1993, Costco and Price Club agreed to merge operations themselves after Price declined an offer from Walmart to merge Price Club with their warehouse store chain, Sam's Club. Costco's business model and size were similar to those of Price Club, which made the merger more natural for both companies. The combined company took the name PriceCostco, and memberships became universal, meaning that a Price Club member could use their membership to shop at Costco and vice versa. PriceCostco boasted 206 locations generating $16billion in annual sales. PriceCostco was initially led by executives from both companies, but in 1994, the Prices left the company to form PriceSmart, a warehouse club chain in Central America and the Caribbean unrelated to the current Costco.
Costco moved its headquarters from Kirkland to Issaquah in 1996; it chose to build a new headquarters campus next to a warehouse store to allow buyers to check sales and merchandise. They had originally planned to move by December 1993 to Redmond, another Eastside city, but delays in road construction near the warehouse site caused the company to reconsider. The former Kirkland headquarters, a campus, was sold in late 1996.
The company began testing store conversions to Costco branding across the Southwestern United States in late 1996. It officially reverted to using the Costco name and stock symbol in February 1997, with all remaining Price Club locations subsequently rebranded as Costco.
Other company milestones
The first Costco warehouse in Seattle was replaced with a new building on an adjacent lot to the north in March 2005; the company was able to arrange to keep the same address for the new building, which was on land acquired from Seattle Public Schools. The original building was demolished and replaced by a parking lot, gas station, and car wash—the company's first—that opened in 2006.
In 2014, Costco was the third largest retailer in the United States. That year Costco announced plans to open an online store in China using Alibaba Group.
Costco announced the opening of 29 new locations in 2016, the most in one year since 2007. Span Construction, led by King Husein, has constructed almost all of Costco's buildings since 1989.
Costco opened its first warehouse in China on August 27, 2019, in Shanghai. The store's opening garnered much attention, which led to its opening day being cut short over safety concerns.
The first Costco in New Zealand was first opened at West Auckland in September 2022, delayed from mid-August due to the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Costco today
In the United States, Costco's main competitors operating membership warehouses are Sam's Club (a subsidiary of Walmart) and BJ's Wholesale Club. Costco employs 304,000 full-time and part-time employees worldwide. Costco had 90.3million members in 2017. In 2020, Costco had 105.5million members. In 2021, the company had 111.6million members. , Costco had 124.7million members.
Costco was the first company to grow from $0 in sales to $3billion in sales in under six years. For the fiscal year ending on August 31, 2012, the company's sales totaled $97.062billion, with $1.709billion net profit. , Costco is ranked #14 on the Fortune 500 rankings of the largest United States corporations by total revenue. The ACSI (The American Customer Satisfaction Index) named Costco number one in the specialty retail store industry with a score of 84 in 2014.
From December 2013, Costco's board of directors was chaired by co-founder Jeffrey H. Brotman and included James Sinegal, co-founder and director, and two officers of the company: president/CEO W. Craig Jelinek and CFO Richard A. Galanti. On August 1, 2017, Jeffrey Brotman died. , James Sinegal and W. Craig Jelinek remained on the board. Jim Sinegal stepped down in 2018.
Locations
, Costco has 861 warehouses worldwide:
591 in the United States
107 in Canada
40 in Mexico
33 in Japan
29 in the United Kingdom
18 in Korea
15 in Australia
14 in Taiwan
5 in China
4 in Spain
2 in France
1 in Iceland
1 in New Zealand
1 in Sweden
International locations
Warehouses outside the U.S. are similar to the company's domestic locations, featuring generally identical layout, signage, and even parking lot markings. Food court menus are tailored to international tastes, with meat pies on offer in Australia; poutine in Canada and France; seafood-topped pizza in Asian locations; pastor taco-topped pizzas in Mexico; clam chowder in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan; plokkfiskur in Iceland; and jacket potatoes in the UK. Additionally, Costco has led a strategic initiative to enhance the merchandise mix available at international warehouses by tailoring products to local tastes, offering a selection of both American and local products.
In Canada, it is a participant in the voluntary Scanner Price Accuracy Code managed by the Retail Council of Canada.
Largest and smallest locations
In 2005, the world's largest Costco by square feet was warehouse #692 in Hillsboro, Oregon. In 2015, Costco completed an expansion in Salt Lake City, Utah, making it the new largest Costco at . In 2019, Costco opened its biggest store in Canada, in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador; the store is .
In 2011, Costco's highest-volume store was in Seoul, South Korea. In 2018, the store in Taichung, Taiwan, ranked at the top in the number of members and was second in the world in sales volume, behind South Korea's Yangjae store in Seoul. Of the 14 Costco operations in Taiwan, three – Taichung, Neihu, and Chungho – ranked in the top 10 in the world in sales volume.
, the smallest Costco is in Juneau, Alaska.
Costco Business Centers
Costco Business Centers are warehouses similar to regular Costco warehouses, and are open to all Costco members, regardless of membership type. Their merchandise caters predominantly to enterprises, with a focus on small businesses. Business Centers do not carry most consumer items like clothing, jewelry, media, and tires, while carrying larger quantities and more options for the business products they do carry. More than 70% of the items that can be acquired from a Costco Business Center cannot be found in a typical Costco store. Some locations do have a food court, a gas station, or both. Unlike regular warehouses, most Costco Business Centers have a Print & Copy Center which provides printing professional services. They have large parking spaces for trucks and are capable of delivering goods to businesses in bulk quantities, with a delivery charge of $25 for orders that are below $250. Costco Business Center operating hours are shorter than regular warehouses (usually opening at 7:00 am on Mondays to Saturdays and closed on Sundays), while discounts and coupons for Business Centers are issued separately from regular warehouses.
The first Business Center was a converted Costco warehouse in Lynnwood, Washington that reopened in October 1996 following renovations; the change was made after a conventional Costco warehouse had opened in nearby Everett.
Locations
, there are 22 Costco Business Centers in the United States, located in Orlando, Florida; Texas (Stafford, and Dallas); Minneapolis, Minnesota; Phoenix, Arizona; California (Commerce, Hawthorne, Hayward, North Hollywood, Sacramento, San Diego, South San Francisco, Ontario, Westminster, San Marcos, and San Jose); Denver, Colorado; Morrow, Georgia; Bedford Park, Illinois; Hackensack, New Jersey; Las Vegas, Nevada; and Washington (Lynnwood, and Fife). A Business Center in San Marcos, California opened in March 2022.
The first Costco Business Center outside the U.S. opened in Canada in Scarborough, Toronto, in March 2017. In September 2020, the second Canadian Costco Business Centre opened in Saint-Hubert, Quebec, near Montreal. A third Canadian Business Centre opened in the Ottawa neighborhood of Gloucester in March 2021.
Finances
For the fiscal year 2023, Costco reported earnings of US$6.292billion, with an annual revenue of $242.29billion.
Business model
Costco is a membership-only warehouse which generates a majority of its revenue from retail sales and a small percentage from membership fees. Customers must buy memberships to access the warehouse and make purchases. This is executed through the direct sourcing and efficient inventory management techniques.
Costco divides its business into three segments: United States Operations, Canadian Operations, and Other International Operations. These three business segments are reported by revenue and operating income. Of the three, the United States Operations was the largest, followed by Canadian Operations.
Sales model
One company rule states that no regular item may be marked up more than 14% over cost and no Kirkland Signature item may be marked up more than 15% over cost. The company runs very lean, with overhead costs at about 10% of revenue and profit margins at 2%. Costco's annual membership fees (US$60/year for Gold Star, US$120/year for Executive ) account for 80% of Costco's gross margin and 70% of its operating income.
If Costco feels the wholesale price of any individual product is too high, they will refuse to stock the product. For example, in November 2009, Costco announced that it would stop selling Coca-Cola products because the soft-drink maker refused to lower its wholesale prices. Costco resumed selling Coca-Cola products the following month.
Although the brand engages in visible efforts to reduce costs, the stores themselves are expensive. In 2013, Costco spent approximately $80million on each of the new stores it opened. The cost is partly driven by the cost of real estate, as each new store means that they need enough space to support a building of approximately in size, a large parking lot, and often a gas station.
Lighting costs are reduced on sunny days because most Costco locations have several skylights. During the day, electronic light meters measure how much light is coming in the skylights and turn off an appropriate percentage of the interior lights. During an average sunny day, it is normal for the center section of the warehouse not to have interior lights in use. The company has no public relations department and buys no outside advertising. A typical Costco warehouse carries only 3,700 distinct products, while a typical Walmart Supercenter carries approximately 140,000 products.
Rotisserie chickens are a major driver of customer traffic and sales for Costco, which has sold them since 1994 amid the then-rising popularity of Boston Market. In response to the annual growth of per-capita chicken consumption in the United States, Costco opened a factory in Nebraska in 2019 that implemented vertical integration across all aspects of poultry production in a bid to keep their pricing intact while maintaining consistent quality control of them. In some international markets, Costco also offers sushi that is made in-warehouse; the Issaquah warehouse became the first U.S. store to have in-house sushi in 2023.
Costco is known for its "exit greeters", who briefly compare receipts against shopping cart contents as customers exit. They are trained to quickly count cart contents and serve as a form of customer service to verify that customers were charged correctly, have redeemed any voucher-based items (e.g., tickets), and have not missed items placed in their cart's lower racks. Costco has used exit greeters since its first store in 1983.
Online shopping
Costco primarily focuses on getting members to come in to a warehouse for purchases, instead of ordering products online. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, Costco's online sales increased dramatically, with more online sales growth in 2020 than the previous five years combined.
The company launched its online shopping site, Costco Online, at www.costco.com in November 1998. The site expanded to incorporate B2B e-commerce on April 17, 2001.
Instacart offers Costco delivery in a select number of states, including Arizona, California, Colorado, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Indiana, Massachusetts, Maryland, Minnesota, Missouri, North Carolina, New Jersey, New York, Oregon, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, Washington, and the District of Columbia.
Similarly, in March 2017, Costco initiated a partnership with Shipt, an online grocery delivery service. Unlike Instacart, Shipt charges its own membership fee, $99 a year or $14 a month, in exchange for free delivery on orders over $35. , Shipt offers Costco delivery in select Florida markets.
In October 2017, Costco launched same-day and two-day grocery delivery options for members.
In June 2023, Costco in Iceland opened up for click-and-collect alcohol sales, having previously only been open to businesses.
Products
Costco has a frequently changing inventory and is known for carrying products for a time, then discontinuing them or using them as seasonal products. Over the years, Costco has gradually expanded its range of products and services. Initially, it preferred to sell only boxed products that could be dispensed by simply tearing the stretch wrap off a pallet. It now sells many other products that are more difficult to handle, such as art, books, caskets, clothing, computer software, fine wine, furniture, home appliances, home electronics, hot tubs, jewelry, perishable items (such as dairy, fresh baked goods, flowers, fresh produce, meat, seafood), solar panels, tires, and vacuum cleaners. Many warehouses also have gas stations, pharmacies, hearing aid centers, optometrists, eye and sunglass centers, photo processors, and tire garages.
Some locations have liquor stores kept separate from the main warehouse in order to comply with liquor license restrictions, while in some states alcohol is sold in the warehouse with the rest of the merchandise. In some states (such as Texas), the liquor store must be owned and operated by a separate company with separate employees. In 2006, Costco lost a lawsuit against the state of Washington in which it was seeking to purchase wine directly from the producer, bypassing the state retail monopoly. In Australia, Costco has to comply with regulations set by each state they choose to trade in; their first store in the Australian state of Victoria benefits from liberal-oriented alcohol licensing laws in that country, with retailers permitted to sell alcohol on shelves within the store in a manner similar to most European countries. In New Zealand, the country's sole warehouse in West Auckland cannot sell alcohol due to The Trusts' monopoly on liquor stores in the area.
Kirkland Signature
Kirkland Signature is Costco's private label brand, used for a variety of products sold at Costco's warehouses and website. Costco introduced Kirkland Signature in 1995, deriving the name from the location of Costco's then corporate headquarters, Kirkland, Washington. It accounts for almost a third of all Costco sales and is growing faster than Costco sales.
The idea for the private label was to provide the appearance of brand name quality products at discounted prices. To counteract the consumer confidence problem common in private labels, some of its products are co-branded with the name brands of their manufacturers, such as Chinet, Jelly Belly, Keurig Green Mountain, Ocean Spray, Stearns & Foster, and Starbucks. Some Kirkland Signature products still carry white-label brands but are otherwise manufactured by a partner, such as Duracell and Niagara Bottling.
Publications
Costco Connection
Costco Connection is a magazine sent free to the Costco executive members; it can also be accessed online by anyone, free of charge.
The magazine was established in 1987 as a newsprint publication and converted to a magazine in 1997. It features articles which regularly tie into the corporation along with business, celebrity features, cooking, entertaining, health, home improvement, and social articles, as well as coupons and ads. MediaPost reports: "While about 90% of the magazine's advertising is co-op, increasingly national advertisers such as Procter & Gamble are buying space, notes Roeglin -- presumably because of the pub's gargantuan reach and the data it has on its subscribers (whose average household income is $156,000 a year). 'We see about 56% of our subscribers a month buy something at one of our stores based on something they've read in the magazine,' says Roeglin." The magazine is one of the largest-circulation print monthlies in the United States and is the third in circulation figures in the United States after AARP The Magazine and AARP Bulletin.
Services
Concierge service
Costco offers a free "concierge" service to members who purchase electronics, to help answer questions regarding setup and use and avoid potential returns due to not understanding how to use the products.
Costco Auto and Home Insurance
Costco has an agreement with CONNECT, powered by American Family Insurance, for auto insurance, home insurance and umbrella insurance.
Costco Optical
Costco Optical ranks as the fifth-largest optical company in the US, . Optometrists working at Costco locations will see patients without Costco memberships, although a membership is required to fill a prescription at the optical department.
Costco Travel
Costco Travel is a wholly owned subsidiary of Costco Wholesale and offers leisure travel to Costco members of the United States and Canada.
The program offers vacation packages to the Caribbean, Europe, Florida, Hawaii, Las Vegas, Mexico, and the South Pacific.
Food service
In 1985, Costco started to sell freshly prepared food through a hot dog cart at its original Seattle warehouse. Most Costco locations now have a food court. They can be indoors or outdoors, but the menu is essentially the same: hot dog with drink (one of the most popular items), pizza, frozen yogurt/ice cream, Pepsico beverages, baked items, and sandwiches. Costco offers its signature quarter-pound 100% beef hot dog and drink (with refills) for , the same price since 1985. Some US locations also offer Polish sausage or bratwurst in addition to hot dogs, at the same $1.50 price. The hot dog sausages were kosher and supplied by Hebrew National and Sinai Kosher until 2009, when supply issues and low profit margins led Costco to start producing them in-house under the Kirkland Signature label to maintain the $1.50 price. In Australia and New Zealand, the hot dog is made of pork and is sold with a large soda for $1.99 (AUD/NZD). In Canada, the price for a hot dog and soda with refills is C$1.50. In Mexico, the hot dog is made of 100% beef and includes a drink (with refills) for MXN$35. In the UK, the hot dog is also made from beef and customers also get a drink (with refills) for £1.50. Costco sold more than 137million quarter-pound (113 g) hot dogs in its food courts in 2017. In Taiwan and Japan, the hot dog is made of pork as well. Japan's price for their 120-gram hot dog & refillable 600-ml drink is ¥180.
As of June 2022, cheese or pepperoni pizza (along with pre-ordering of full pizzas to take home), chicken bakes, ice cream (vanilla), ice cream sundae (vanilla, with very berry or chocolate sauce toppings), fruit smoothies, latte freeze (without chocolate), mocha freeze (with chocolate), and twisted churros (in select stores) are offered at all United States locations. Some food court items are only available in certain countries. For example, the bulgogi bake and mango boba tea are only available in Australia, Taiwan, Korea, and Japan; poutine is available in Canada and France. There are, however, temporary menu items available exclusively in several countries, like the pastor taco-topped pizzas in Mexico.
Due to slow sales, in 2009, the pretzel was replaced by the churro. In April 2013, Pepsi replaced all Coca-Cola fountain drinks at U.S. locations because Coke had raised its prices; this helped keep the hot dog combo with soda at its original price.
Costco started selling a cheeseburger with a patty at select stores across Western Washington and Southern California in mid-2017 as a test item, with comparisons drawn to those of Shake Shack. The cheeseburger was not successful; its availability only spread to around a dozen locations before it was discontinued in 2020.
Diced onion was discontinued in March 2020 but returned as a topping in May 2023.
Costco credit card
On April 1, 2016, in US, Citigroup became the exclusive issuer of Costco's branded credit cards. Prior to that, Costco credit cards had been issued by American Express since 2001, and Costco accepted only American Express cards for credit transactions. After the switch of its co-branded cards to Citi, Costco ceased accepting AmEx and began exclusively accepting Visa. AmEx cited the reason for the split that Costco was asking for lower transaction fees than AmEx was willing to grant. In Canada, Costco ended its AmEx relationship in 2014, and starting in 2015, it partnered with Capital One Mastercard for branded credit cards. In 2020, Capital One announced it would be ending the partnership in late 2021. It was announced that beginning in March 2022, Costco will begin a partnership with CIBC Mastercard. Costco branded credit cards from both issuers also serve as alternate Costco membership cards, with a customized reverse side containing membership info.
Costco Audiobook App
In March 2021, Costco started selling audiobooks and launched a corresponding iOS and Android app to listen to purchases. The app is free, however the books are exclusive to Costco members. The retailer sells audiobooks in bundles grouped by genre or author, with prices ranging from $5 to $50. Audiobooks are currently only available at U.S. locations.
Labor relations
Employee rights
While some former Price Club locations in California and the northeastern United States are staffed by Teamsters, the majority of Costco locations are not unionized, although there was a drive in 2012 to unionize some locations in Canada. The Teamsters claim that over 15,000 Costco employees are union members. The non-union locations have revisions to their Costco Employee Agreement every three years concurrent with union contract ratifications in locations with collective bargaining agreements. The Employee Agreement sets forth such things as benefits, wages, disciplinary procedures, paid holidays, bonuses, and seniority. The Employee Agreement is subject to change by Costco at any time and offers no absolute protection to the workers. As of June 2022, non-supervisory hourly wages ranged from $17.50 to $28.45 in the U.S., $16.00 to $28.70 in Canada, and £9.75 to £13.90 in the United Kingdom. In the U.S. , eighty-fivepercent of Costco's workers had health insurance, compared with less than fifty percent at Walmart and Target. Health benefits include coverage through Aetna, remote primary care through Teladoc, second opinions and clinical navigation by Grand Rounds, varieties of health insurance agencies with Custom Benefit Consultants Inc. (CBC), and wellness coaching by Omada.
In February 2021, Costco announced that it would be raising the starting rate for its hourly store workers in the United States to $16 an hour. Costco has been actively raising their minimum wage starting with $14 during 2018, and into $15 during 2019. They further add that 20% of their hourly employees will be subject to the minimum wage change.
Contractors
Costco contracts exclusively with two independent companies to provide employees for product demonstrations (e.g., food samples) at Costco stores: Club Demonstration Services (CDS) and Warehouse Demo Services (WDS). Demonstration employees receive a pay and benefit package that is less than that of Costco employees. , demonstrations/samples are provided by CDS in Canada. Product demonstrations at Costco stores in the United States were halted in March 2020 amid the COVID-19 pandemic, with some Costco CDS employees shifted to cleaning tasks before all were laid off when CDS temporarily ceased operations the following month; they were rehired as Costco started resuming demonstrations at select stores in June 2020, with all U.S. stores resuming demonstrations by June 2021.
Discontinued concepts
Costco Home
The first Costco Home warehouse opened in December 2002, in Kirkland, Washington. The warehouse's concept was to combine the value, setting and members-only elements of Costco's warehouse clubs with the product array one would find at an upscale home store, such as Fortunoff or Crate & Barrel. The Costco Home warehouses sold furniture, housewares, kitchen products and accessories from higher-end brands such as Lexington, Ralph Lauren and Waterford in a warehouse-club setting. A second warehouse opened in 2004 in Tempe, Arizona.
On April 2, 2009, the company announced that it would be abandoning its Costco Home concept, closing the two existing stores in Kirkland, Washington and Tempe, Arizona on July 3, 2009, and abandoning plans for a third warehouse in Portland, Oregon.
Costco Fresh
A grocery-centered format, named Costco Fresh, was announced in September 1999 for a two-story space in Manhattan, New York City. The company pulled out of an agreement to build the Manhattan store later that year after cost increases and local protests. The concept was revived in late 2002 for a store in Bellevue, Washington, near its Issaquah headquarters, at a former Kmart. The new store would primarily sell fresh produce, meats, seafood, and baked goods instead of bulk items, but would also have several features from normal Costco warehouses; it would also have a modified logo, with a fruit stem growing from the first "o" in the Costco name. The concept was dropped the following year, but the company retained interest in building a normal Costco store at the Bellevue site until 2008, when they abandoned the plans due to zoning regulations that would have required daylighting an underground creek.
Controversies
In 2010, Mercy for Animals conducted an undercover investigation at Buckeye Veal Farm, a veal supplier to Costco. Immediately following the investigative release, Costco adopted a policy against purchasing veal from producers that use the crate-and-chain production method. The case prompted Ohio lawmakers to vote in favor of a veal crate phase-out in the state.
In 2012, Mercy for Animals conducted another undercover investigation of a pork supplier to major retailers such as Costco, Walmart, Safeway, Kroger, and Kmart. Before the public release of the investigation, Costco announced they would begin requiring their pork suppliers to phase out gestation crates.
In 2014, The Guardian reported that Costco is a client of Charoen Pokphand Foods. Over six months, The Guardian traced down a supply chain from slave ships in Asian waters to leading producers and retailers. Costco has published a statement saying it has had a supplier code of conduct since 1999 which does not allow this practice, and that independent auditors check for violations regularly.
In 2015, the Humane Society of the United States conducted an undercover investigation at an egg supplier to Costco. An undercover worker at Hillandale Farms, a major egg supplier to Costco, filmed conditions in which egg-laying hens lived in tiny wire cages. Following the investigations, several celebrities including Brad Pitt and Ryan Gosling publicly wrote to Costco to address this issue. Following efforts by animal protection nonprofits including The Humane League, Costco released an updated commitment to source exclusively cage-free eggs in its operations.
In 2016, a follow-up to Costco's shift to cage-free eggs by animal rights group Direct Action Everywhere (DxE) reported cannibalism and high mortality at a cage-free Costco egg supplier. Costco denied the allegations, but the video sparked a discussion about animal welfare problems continuing to exist at cage-free egg farms. Writing in The Huffington Post, DxE co-founder Wayne Hsiung argued that the new investigation, rather than suggesting that Costco should keep birds in cages, indicated that hens should have the right not to be raised for food or kept on farms at all.
In January 2017, Costco was brought to court in the US for lax pharmacy controls by violation of the Controlled Substances Act. Allegations such as Costco "filling prescriptions that were incomplete", or were for substances "beyond various doctors' scope of practice". The case was settled after Costco paid .
In August 2017, a federal judge ordered a "deceptive" Costco to pay Tiffany & Co. $19.4million for misleading consumers into thinking they could buy legitimate Tiffany merchandise at warehouse club prices.
Costco was criticized in 2019 by the Natural Resources Defense Council and SumOfUs for using virgin Canadian boreal forest to make its toilet paper. NRDC says that over the previous twenty years, 28 million acres of Canadian boreal forest had been cut down to make toilet paper.
In September 2020, CBS News reported that Costco has stopped selling Palmetto Cheese after the owner of the pimento cheese brand called Black Lives Matter a "terror organization." Costco posted a note to the item in their Myrtle Beach location indicating that the item will not be reordered, and over 120 Costco's throughout the US will no longer be carrying the item.
In October 2020, Costco dropped Chaokoh coconut milk over the allegations of forced monkey labor. PETA accused the manufacturer, Theppadungporn Coconut Co., of using forced monkey labor, finding cruelty to monkeys at their farms and facilities. Ken Kimble, Costco's Vice President of Corporate Food and Sundries, stated Costco has launched an investigation regarding the issue and have ceased purchasing from the supplier/owner of the brand Chaokoh condemning the use of monkey labor. Kimble also stated that Costco will continue to monitor the implementation of the harvest policies and once satisfied will resume purchasing.
In December 2020, Costco announced plans to end the use of eggs from caged chickens throughout its operations worldwide. It became the first US retailer to issue a global policy on the confinement of animals in its supply chain. Josh Dahmen, Costco financial planning and investor relations director also said: "We are in the process of making that transition to cage-free eggs. We will continue to increase the percentage over time, with a goal of eventually getting to 100%."
In June 2023, an employee named Kim Dong Ho in Hanam, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea who was assigned to organize shopping carts, died of heatstroke while at work. South Korean government guidelines state that outdoor workers be given a 10 to 15-minute break every hour during heatwave advisories; however, these guidelines were not strictly followed or enforced at the Costco store where Kim worked and he was given 15-minute breaks every 3 hours without a regular supply of drinking water.
-GDPR (UK)-
In August 2023, Costco continue to use an application form that is not compliant with the UK Data Protection Act and PECR. The online application form is completed by the Primary Member. Data is collected from the Primary Member of a Spouse or Partner.(Secondary Member)
The Secondary Member is not provided with a method to object to marketing, yet receives marketing via Email.
PECR requirements for the soft opt in requires that the data is collected directly from the individual, and that an opportunity to object is provided at the time of data collection.
On 6 Sept 2023 The ICO outcome of case IC-234427-Y9H5, available from the ICO states "It is noted from your correspondence and from the membership sign up page for Costco, it would appear that it asks for the primary and secondary member’s details and marketing preferences to be wholly applied, rather than individually selected for each member. With this in mind, it is unlikely that Costco can rely upon soft opt-in to be able to have opted you in to marketing in this instance."
See also
Bulk foods
Costco bear
Costco Wholesale Corp. v. Omega, S. A.
Price Club
Retail
Wholesaling
References
External links
Official UK website
Why every Costco product is called 'Kirkland Signature'? – CNN
1983 establishments in Washington (state)
American companies established in 1983
Companies based in King County, Washington
Discount stores of the United States
Online retailers of the United States
Organizations based in Issaquah, Washington
Retail companies established in 1983
Supermarkets of the United States |
Radical 177 or radical leather () meaning "leather" or "rawhide" is one of the 11 Kangxi radicals (214 radicals in total) composed of 9 strokes.
In the Kangxi Dictionary, there are 305 characters (out of 49,030) to be found under this radical.
is also the 179th indexing component in the Table of Indexing Chinese Character Components predominantly adopted by Simplified Chinese dictionaries published in mainland China.
Evolution
Derived characters
Sinogram
The radical is also used as an independent Chinese character. It is one of the Kyōiku kanji or Kanji taught in elementary school in Japan. It is a fifth grade kanji.
References
Literature
External links
Unihan Database - U+9769
Kyōiku kanji
177
179 |
Pashnets () is a rural locality (a village) in Zheleznodorozhnoye Rural Settlement, Sheksninsky District, Vologda Oblast, Russia. The population was 7 as of 2002.
Geography
Pashnets is located 23 km northwest of Sheksna (the district's administrative centre) by road. Berendyukha is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Sheksninsky District |
V70 may refer to:
Automobiles
Haima V70, a MPV
Jiabao V70, a microvan
Maxus V70, a van
Volvo V70, an executive car
Other uses
Asus v70, a mobile phone
ITU-T V.70, a telecommunications standard
NEC V70, a microprocessor
ValPure V70, a chemical coating |
Heber Springs is a city in and the county seat of Cleburne County, Arkansas, United States. The population was 7,165 at the 2010 census.
Geography
Heber Springs is located near the center of Cleburne County at (35.494329, −92.039168). Arkansas Highway 5 bypasses the center of the city to the east, leading north to Mountain View and south to Little Rock (via U.S. Route 67). Searcy is to the southeast via Highway 16.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of , all land. The city was named for a series of natural springs that are located on the east side of town on Main Street. Greers Ferry Lake and the Little Red River are located just north of the city, where rainbow trout are stocked in the Little Red and can be fished below the Greers Ferry Dam. The lake is a major tourism draw for swimming, boating, and personal watercraft, complemented by the Little Red River and Sugarloaf Mountain along the eastern portion of the city.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 6,969 people, 2,868 households, and 1,890 families residing in the city.
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 7,165 people, 2,793 households, and 1,851 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 3,159 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 97.90% White, 0.23% Black or African American, 0.44% Native American, 0.39% Asian, 0.03% Pacific Islander, 0.22% from other races, and 0.79% from two or more races. 1.80% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 2,793 households, out of which 26.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.7% were married couples living together, 12.5% had a female householder with no husband present, and 33.7% were non-families. 30.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.21, and the average family size was 2.72.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 21.5% under the age of 18, 6.7% from 18 to 24, 23.4% from 25 to 44, 23.1% from 45 to 64, and 25.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44 years. For every 100 females, there were 83.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 80.3 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $29,599, and the median income for a family was $37,228. Males had a median income of $30,772 versus $19,720 for females. The per capita income for the city was $19,656. About 8.6% of families and 13.3% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.6% of those under age 18 and 12.8% of those age 65 or over.
History
Initially named Sugar Loaf, Heber Springs was founded by Max Frauenthal. In 1881, Frauenthal bought land in Van Buren County from John T. Jones. He founded the Sugar Loaf Springs Company and plotted a town site which was incorporated as "Sugar Loaf" on October 4, 1882. In 1883, Frauenthal donated land for the courthouse square, built a frame courthouse to be used by the soon-to-be-created Cleburne County, and donated the land for Spring Park, thus securing the county seat for the new town. Frauenthal chose the name Cleburne County to honor Confederate General Patrick Cleburne, who was killed in the Battle of Franklin in 1864. In 1910, Sugar Loaf's name was changed to Heber Springs in order to avoid confusion with another town with a post office named Sugar Loaf. Frauenthal chose the new name to honor John T. Jones's son, Dr. Heber Jones, who was a prominent physician in Memphis, Tennessee, where Frauenthal had since moved.
Education
Public education for elementary and secondary students is provided by:
Heber Springs School District, the school district covering the city limits, with students graduating from Heber Springs High School.
Notable people
Brandon Bell (recording engineer), Grammy Award winning record engineer, mix engineer and producer
Everett G. Burkhalter, represented the 27th District of California in the U.S. House of Representatives
Paul Caraway, High Commissioner of the U.S. Civil Administration of the Ryukyu Islands
Mike Disfarmer, photographer
Max Frauenthal, Civil War hero and founding father of Heber Springs
Laurell K. Hamilton, author of the "Anita Blake: Vampire Hunter" series and "Meredith Gentry" series
Johnnie Bryan Hunt, founder of J.B. Hunt Transport Services
Johnelle Hunt, co-founder of J.B. Hunt Transport Services
Tommy Land, Arkansas Commissioner of State Lands
Mindy McCready, country music singer (Committed suicide in Heber Springs)
Josh Miller, Republican member of the Arkansas House of Representatives from District 66, including Heber Springs
Colin O'More, concert singer, educator, and broadcasting executive
Almeda Riddle, folk singer
Fred Williams, NFL football player
Points of interest
The Clarence Frauenthal House, built in 1914, is home of the Cleburne County Historical Society.
Greers Ferry Dam
Located on the Little Red River, the dam was dedicated in October 1963 by President John F. Kennedy just one month before his assassination. This event marks the only time a sitting president has visited Cleburne County.
Climate
The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters. According to the Köppen Climate Classification system, Heber Springs has a humid subtropical climate, abbreviated "Cfa" on climate maps.
References
External links
City of Heber Springs official website
Heber Springs Area Chamber of Commerce
Cities in Cleburne County, Arkansas
Cities in Arkansas
County seats in Arkansas
Populated places established in 1882
1882 establishments in Arkansas |
A velvet painting is a type of painting distinguished by the use of velvet (usually black velvet) as the support, in place of canvas, paper, or similar materials. The velvet provides an especially dark background against which colors stand out.
Velvet painting is an ancient technique, and took on a new popularity in the United States in the late 20th century.
Early history
Black velvet paintings originated in Kashmir, the homeland of the fabric. These original paintings were generally religious and portrayed the icons of the Caucasus region which were painted by Russian Orthodox priests. Marco Polo and others introduced black velvet paintings to Western Europe, and some of these early works still hang in the Vatican Museums.
Modern history
The paintings are widely sold in rural America, and frequently have kitsch themes. They often depict images of Elvis Presley (see Velvet Elvis), Dale Earnhardt, John Wayne, Jesus, Native Americans, dogs playing poker, wolves, and cowboys, and the colors are often bright and vivid to contrast the dark velvet. They can also include more exotic or avant-garde themes.
Edgar Leeteg (1904–1953), often considered the father of American velvet painting, did his best works between 1933 and 1953.
Ciudad Juárez, Mexico was a center of velvet painting in the 1970s. A displaced Georgia farmboy, Doyle Harden, was the pioneer who created an enormous factory, where velvets were turned out by the thousands by artists sitting in studios. One artist would paint one piece of the picture, then slide the velvet along to the next artist, who would add something else. Velvet paintings mass-produced by hand in this manner fueled the boom in velvet paintings in the 1970s in the United States. Edgar Leeteg has been called "the father of American black velvet kitsch".
In Portland, Oregon, a museum devoted solely to velvet paintings, the Velveteria, operated from late 2005 to January 2010. It reopened in December 2013 in the Chinatown neighborhood of Los Angeles.
See also
Birodo yuzen
References
Further reading
Eric A. Eliason, Black Velvet Art Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2011. with photographs by Scott Squire.
External links
Velveteria, The Museum of Velvet Paintings in Portland, Oregon
Painting techniques |
Carroll is a parish and small village on the Oxley Highway, 20 km east of Gunnedah, New South Wales. At the , Carroll had a population of 337 people. The Namoi River runs approximately parallel to the highway which is also the main street there. Periodically this river floods the town and surrounding area, forcing the closure of the Oxley Highway. The surrounding area is part of the Liverpool Plains region.
History
Carroll is an Irish surname coming from the Gaelic O Cearbhaill and Cearbhall, meaning "fierce in battle".
In 1839 John Howe of Windsor took out a Depasturing Licence for 'Carrol'. An adjoining 'Carrol' was held by Hannah Dight in 1846.
During December 1865 Captain Thunderbolt (Fred Ward) and two accomplices robbed the inn at Carroll then danced and drank until the police arrived. They wounded a policeman and escaped, abandoning three pack-horses.
The district produces cotton, wheat, other grains, fat lambs and beef cattle. The Olympic eventing horses, Kibah Tic-Tic, a noted dual gold medal winner and Kibah Sandstone (gold medallist in team & individual 1992, gold 2000) were bred on Kibah, a property close to the village.
According to the entry sign there are 188 people in the village. The village public school celebrated its sesquicentennial in 2019. There is also a local convenience store with fuel available.
References
External links
Gunnedah Shire |
```c
/*
* All Rights Reserved.
*
* Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
* copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
* "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
* without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
* distribute, sub license, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
* permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
* the following conditions:
*
* THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
* IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
* FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NON-INFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL
* THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS, AUTHORS AND/OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM,
* DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR
* OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE
* USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
*
* The above copyright notice and this permission notice (including the
* next paragraph) shall be included in all copies or substantial portions
* of the Software.
*
* Authors: Christian Knig <christian.koenig@amd.com>
*/
#include <linux/firmware.h>
#include "amdgpu.h"
#include "amdgpu_vce.h"
#include "cikd.h"
#include "vce/vce_2_0_d.h"
#include "vce/vce_2_0_sh_mask.h"
#include "smu/smu_7_0_1_d.h"
#include "smu/smu_7_0_1_sh_mask.h"
#include "oss/oss_2_0_d.h"
#include "oss/oss_2_0_sh_mask.h"
#define VCE_V2_0_FW_SIZE (256 * 1024)
#define VCE_V2_0_STACK_SIZE (64 * 1024)
#define VCE_V2_0_DATA_SIZE (23552 * AMDGPU_MAX_VCE_HANDLES)
#define VCE_STATUS_VCPU_REPORT_FW_LOADED_MASK 0x02
static void vce_v2_0_set_ring_funcs(struct amdgpu_device *adev);
static void vce_v2_0_set_irq_funcs(struct amdgpu_device *adev);
/**
* vce_v2_0_ring_get_rptr - get read pointer
*
* @ring: amdgpu_ring pointer
*
* Returns the current hardware read pointer
*/
static uint64_t vce_v2_0_ring_get_rptr(struct amdgpu_ring *ring)
{
struct amdgpu_device *adev = ring->adev;
if (ring->me == 0)
return RREG32(mmVCE_RB_RPTR);
else
return RREG32(mmVCE_RB_RPTR2);
}
/**
* vce_v2_0_ring_get_wptr - get write pointer
*
* @ring: amdgpu_ring pointer
*
* Returns the current hardware write pointer
*/
static uint64_t vce_v2_0_ring_get_wptr(struct amdgpu_ring *ring)
{
struct amdgpu_device *adev = ring->adev;
if (ring->me == 0)
return RREG32(mmVCE_RB_WPTR);
else
return RREG32(mmVCE_RB_WPTR2);
}
/**
* vce_v2_0_ring_set_wptr - set write pointer
*
* @ring: amdgpu_ring pointer
*
* Commits the write pointer to the hardware
*/
static void vce_v2_0_ring_set_wptr(struct amdgpu_ring *ring)
{
struct amdgpu_device *adev = ring->adev;
if (ring->me == 0)
WREG32(mmVCE_RB_WPTR, lower_32_bits(ring->wptr));
else
WREG32(mmVCE_RB_WPTR2, lower_32_bits(ring->wptr));
}
static int vce_v2_0_lmi_clean(struct amdgpu_device *adev)
{
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
for (j = 0; j < 100; ++j) {
uint32_t status = RREG32(mmVCE_LMI_STATUS);
if (status & 0x337f)
return 0;
mdelay(10);
}
}
return -ETIMEDOUT;
}
static int vce_v2_0_firmware_loaded(struct amdgpu_device *adev)
{
int i, j;
for (i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
for (j = 0; j < 100; ++j) {
uint32_t status = RREG32(mmVCE_STATUS);
if (status & VCE_STATUS_VCPU_REPORT_FW_LOADED_MASK)
return 0;
mdelay(10);
}
DRM_ERROR("VCE not responding, trying to reset the ECPU!!!\n");
WREG32_P(mmVCE_SOFT_RESET,
VCE_SOFT_RESET__ECPU_SOFT_RESET_MASK,
~VCE_SOFT_RESET__ECPU_SOFT_RESET_MASK);
mdelay(10);
WREG32_P(mmVCE_SOFT_RESET, 0,
~VCE_SOFT_RESET__ECPU_SOFT_RESET_MASK);
mdelay(10);
}
return -ETIMEDOUT;
}
static void vce_v2_0_disable_cg(struct amdgpu_device *adev)
{
WREG32(mmVCE_CGTT_CLK_OVERRIDE, 7);
}
static void vce_v2_0_init_cg(struct amdgpu_device *adev)
{
u32 tmp;
tmp = RREG32(mmVCE_CLOCK_GATING_A);
tmp &= ~0xfff;
tmp |= ((0 << 0) | (4 << 4));
tmp |= 0x40000;
WREG32(mmVCE_CLOCK_GATING_A, tmp);
tmp = RREG32(mmVCE_UENC_CLOCK_GATING);
tmp &= ~0xfff;
tmp |= ((0 << 0) | (4 << 4));
WREG32(mmVCE_UENC_CLOCK_GATING, tmp);
tmp = RREG32(mmVCE_CLOCK_GATING_B);
tmp |= 0x10;
tmp &= ~0x100000;
WREG32(mmVCE_CLOCK_GATING_B, tmp);
}
static void vce_v2_0_mc_resume(struct amdgpu_device *adev)
{
uint32_t size, offset;
WREG32_P(mmVCE_CLOCK_GATING_A, 0, ~(1 << 16));
WREG32_P(mmVCE_UENC_CLOCK_GATING, 0x1FF000, ~0xFF9FF000);
WREG32_P(mmVCE_UENC_REG_CLOCK_GATING, 0x3F, ~0x3F);
WREG32(mmVCE_CLOCK_GATING_B, 0xf7);
WREG32(mmVCE_LMI_CTRL, 0x00398000);
WREG32_P(mmVCE_LMI_CACHE_CTRL, 0x0, ~0x1);
WREG32(mmVCE_LMI_SWAP_CNTL, 0);
WREG32(mmVCE_LMI_SWAP_CNTL1, 0);
WREG32(mmVCE_LMI_VM_CTRL, 0);
WREG32(mmVCE_LMI_VCPU_CACHE_40BIT_BAR, (adev->vce.gpu_addr >> 8));
offset = AMDGPU_VCE_FIRMWARE_OFFSET;
size = VCE_V2_0_FW_SIZE;
WREG32(mmVCE_VCPU_CACHE_OFFSET0, offset & 0x7fffffff);
WREG32(mmVCE_VCPU_CACHE_SIZE0, size);
offset += size;
size = VCE_V2_0_STACK_SIZE;
WREG32(mmVCE_VCPU_CACHE_OFFSET1, offset & 0x7fffffff);
WREG32(mmVCE_VCPU_CACHE_SIZE1, size);
offset += size;
size = VCE_V2_0_DATA_SIZE;
WREG32(mmVCE_VCPU_CACHE_OFFSET2, offset & 0x7fffffff);
WREG32(mmVCE_VCPU_CACHE_SIZE2, size);
WREG32_P(mmVCE_LMI_CTRL2, 0x0, ~0x100);
WREG32_FIELD(VCE_SYS_INT_EN, VCE_SYS_INT_TRAP_INTERRUPT_EN, 1);
}
static bool vce_v2_0_is_idle(void *handle)
{
struct amdgpu_device *adev = (struct amdgpu_device *)handle;
return !(RREG32(mmSRBM_STATUS2) & SRBM_STATUS2__VCE_BUSY_MASK);
}
static int vce_v2_0_wait_for_idle(void *handle)
{
struct amdgpu_device *adev = (struct amdgpu_device *)handle;
unsigned i;
for (i = 0; i < adev->usec_timeout; i++) {
if (vce_v2_0_is_idle(handle))
return 0;
}
return -ETIMEDOUT;
}
/**
* vce_v2_0_start - start VCE block
*
* @adev: amdgpu_device pointer
*
* Setup and start the VCE block
*/
static int vce_v2_0_start(struct amdgpu_device *adev)
{
struct amdgpu_ring *ring;
int r;
/* set BUSY flag */
WREG32_P(mmVCE_STATUS, 1, ~1);
vce_v2_0_init_cg(adev);
vce_v2_0_disable_cg(adev);
vce_v2_0_mc_resume(adev);
ring = &adev->vce.ring[0];
WREG32(mmVCE_RB_RPTR, lower_32_bits(ring->wptr));
WREG32(mmVCE_RB_WPTR, lower_32_bits(ring->wptr));
WREG32(mmVCE_RB_BASE_LO, ring->gpu_addr);
WREG32(mmVCE_RB_BASE_HI, upper_32_bits(ring->gpu_addr));
WREG32(mmVCE_RB_SIZE, ring->ring_size / 4);
ring = &adev->vce.ring[1];
WREG32(mmVCE_RB_RPTR2, lower_32_bits(ring->wptr));
WREG32(mmVCE_RB_WPTR2, lower_32_bits(ring->wptr));
WREG32(mmVCE_RB_BASE_LO2, ring->gpu_addr);
WREG32(mmVCE_RB_BASE_HI2, upper_32_bits(ring->gpu_addr));
WREG32(mmVCE_RB_SIZE2, ring->ring_size / 4);
WREG32_FIELD(VCE_VCPU_CNTL, CLK_EN, 1);
WREG32_FIELD(VCE_SOFT_RESET, ECPU_SOFT_RESET, 1);
mdelay(100);
WREG32_FIELD(VCE_SOFT_RESET, ECPU_SOFT_RESET, 0);
r = vce_v2_0_firmware_loaded(adev);
/* clear BUSY flag */
WREG32_P(mmVCE_STATUS, 0, ~1);
if (r) {
DRM_ERROR("VCE not responding, giving up!!!\n");
return r;
}
return 0;
}
static int vce_v2_0_stop(struct amdgpu_device *adev)
{
int i;
int status;
if (vce_v2_0_lmi_clean(adev)) {
DRM_INFO("vce is not idle \n");
return 0;
}
if (vce_v2_0_wait_for_idle(adev)) {
DRM_INFO("VCE is busy, Can't set clock gating");
return 0;
}
/* Stall UMC and register bus before resetting VCPU */
WREG32_P(mmVCE_LMI_CTRL2, 1 << 8, ~(1 << 8));
for (i = 0; i < 100; ++i) {
status = RREG32(mmVCE_LMI_STATUS);
if (status & 0x240)
break;
mdelay(1);
}
WREG32_P(mmVCE_VCPU_CNTL, 0, ~0x80001);
/* put LMI, VCPU, RBC etc... into reset */
WREG32_P(mmVCE_SOFT_RESET, 1, ~0x1);
WREG32(mmVCE_STATUS, 0);
return 0;
}
static void vce_v2_0_set_sw_cg(struct amdgpu_device *adev, bool gated)
{
u32 tmp;
if (gated) {
tmp = RREG32(mmVCE_CLOCK_GATING_B);
tmp |= 0xe70000;
WREG32(mmVCE_CLOCK_GATING_B, tmp);
tmp = RREG32(mmVCE_UENC_CLOCK_GATING);
tmp |= 0xff000000;
WREG32(mmVCE_UENC_CLOCK_GATING, tmp);
tmp = RREG32(mmVCE_UENC_REG_CLOCK_GATING);
tmp &= ~0x3fc;
WREG32(mmVCE_UENC_REG_CLOCK_GATING, tmp);
WREG32(mmVCE_CGTT_CLK_OVERRIDE, 0);
} else {
tmp = RREG32(mmVCE_CLOCK_GATING_B);
tmp |= 0xe7;
tmp &= ~0xe70000;
WREG32(mmVCE_CLOCK_GATING_B, tmp);
tmp = RREG32(mmVCE_UENC_CLOCK_GATING);
tmp |= 0x1fe000;
tmp &= ~0xff000000;
WREG32(mmVCE_UENC_CLOCK_GATING, tmp);
tmp = RREG32(mmVCE_UENC_REG_CLOCK_GATING);
tmp |= 0x3fc;
WREG32(mmVCE_UENC_REG_CLOCK_GATING, tmp);
}
}
static void vce_v2_0_set_dyn_cg(struct amdgpu_device *adev, bool gated)
{
u32 orig, tmp;
/* LMI_MC/LMI_UMC always set in dynamic,
* set {CGC_*_GATE_MODE, CGC_*_SW_GATE} = {0, 0}
*/
tmp = RREG32(mmVCE_CLOCK_GATING_B);
tmp &= ~0x00060006;
/* Exception for ECPU, IH, SEM, SYS blocks needs to be turned on/off by SW */
if (gated) {
tmp |= 0xe10000;
WREG32(mmVCE_CLOCK_GATING_B, tmp);
} else {
tmp |= 0xe1;
tmp &= ~0xe10000;
WREG32(mmVCE_CLOCK_GATING_B, tmp);
}
orig = tmp = RREG32(mmVCE_UENC_CLOCK_GATING);
tmp &= ~0x1fe000;
tmp &= ~0xff000000;
if (tmp != orig)
WREG32(mmVCE_UENC_CLOCK_GATING, tmp);
orig = tmp = RREG32(mmVCE_UENC_REG_CLOCK_GATING);
tmp &= ~0x3fc;
if (tmp != orig)
WREG32(mmVCE_UENC_REG_CLOCK_GATING, tmp);
/* set VCE_UENC_REG_CLOCK_GATING always in dynamic mode */
WREG32(mmVCE_UENC_REG_CLOCK_GATING, 0x00);
if(gated)
WREG32(mmVCE_CGTT_CLK_OVERRIDE, 0);
}
static void vce_v2_0_enable_mgcg(struct amdgpu_device *adev, bool enable,
bool sw_cg)
{
if (enable && (adev->cg_flags & AMD_CG_SUPPORT_VCE_MGCG)) {
if (sw_cg)
vce_v2_0_set_sw_cg(adev, true);
else
vce_v2_0_set_dyn_cg(adev, true);
} else {
vce_v2_0_disable_cg(adev);
if (sw_cg)
vce_v2_0_set_sw_cg(adev, false);
else
vce_v2_0_set_dyn_cg(adev, false);
}
}
static int vce_v2_0_early_init(void *handle)
{
struct amdgpu_device *adev = (struct amdgpu_device *)handle;
adev->vce.num_rings = 2;
vce_v2_0_set_ring_funcs(adev);
vce_v2_0_set_irq_funcs(adev);
return 0;
}
static int vce_v2_0_sw_init(void *handle)
{
struct amdgpu_ring *ring;
int r, i;
struct amdgpu_device *adev = (struct amdgpu_device *)handle;
/* VCE */
r = amdgpu_irq_add_id(adev, AMDGPU_IRQ_CLIENTID_LEGACY, 167, &adev->vce.irq);
if (r)
return r;
r = amdgpu_vce_sw_init(adev, VCE_V2_0_FW_SIZE +
VCE_V2_0_STACK_SIZE + VCE_V2_0_DATA_SIZE);
if (r)
return r;
r = amdgpu_vce_resume(adev);
if (r)
return r;
for (i = 0; i < adev->vce.num_rings; i++) {
enum amdgpu_ring_priority_level hw_prio = amdgpu_vce_get_ring_prio(i);
ring = &adev->vce.ring[i];
snprintf(ring->name, sizeof(ring->name), "vce%d", i);
r = amdgpu_ring_init(adev, ring, 512, &adev->vce.irq, 0,
hw_prio, NULL);
if (r)
return r;
}
r = amdgpu_vce_entity_init(adev);
return r;
}
static int vce_v2_0_sw_fini(void *handle)
{
int r;
struct amdgpu_device *adev = (struct amdgpu_device *)handle;
r = amdgpu_vce_suspend(adev);
if (r)
return r;
return amdgpu_vce_sw_fini(adev);
}
static int vce_v2_0_hw_init(void *handle)
{
int r, i;
struct amdgpu_device *adev = (struct amdgpu_device *)handle;
amdgpu_asic_set_vce_clocks(adev, 10000, 10000);
vce_v2_0_enable_mgcg(adev, true, false);
for (i = 0; i < adev->vce.num_rings; i++) {
r = amdgpu_ring_test_helper(&adev->vce.ring[i]);
if (r)
return r;
}
DRM_INFO("VCE initialized successfully.\n");
return 0;
}
static int vce_v2_0_hw_fini(void *handle)
{
struct amdgpu_device *adev = (struct amdgpu_device *)handle;
cancel_delayed_work_sync(&adev->vce.idle_work);
return 0;
}
static int vce_v2_0_suspend(void *handle)
{
int r;
struct amdgpu_device *adev = (struct amdgpu_device *)handle;
/*
* Proper cleanups before halting the HW engine:
* - cancel the delayed idle work
* - enable powergating
* - enable clockgating
* - disable dpm
*
* TODO: to align with the VCN implementation, move the
* jobs for clockgating/powergating/dpm setting to
* ->set_powergating_state().
*/
cancel_delayed_work_sync(&adev->vce.idle_work);
if (adev->pm.dpm_enabled) {
amdgpu_dpm_enable_vce(adev, false);
} else {
amdgpu_asic_set_vce_clocks(adev, 0, 0);
amdgpu_device_ip_set_powergating_state(adev, AMD_IP_BLOCK_TYPE_VCE,
AMD_PG_STATE_GATE);
amdgpu_device_ip_set_clockgating_state(adev, AMD_IP_BLOCK_TYPE_VCE,
AMD_CG_STATE_GATE);
}
r = vce_v2_0_hw_fini(adev);
if (r)
return r;
return amdgpu_vce_suspend(adev);
}
static int vce_v2_0_resume(void *handle)
{
int r;
struct amdgpu_device *adev = (struct amdgpu_device *)handle;
r = amdgpu_vce_resume(adev);
if (r)
return r;
return vce_v2_0_hw_init(adev);
}
static int vce_v2_0_soft_reset(void *handle)
{
struct amdgpu_device *adev = (struct amdgpu_device *)handle;
WREG32_FIELD(SRBM_SOFT_RESET, SOFT_RESET_VCE, 1);
mdelay(5);
return vce_v2_0_start(adev);
}
static int vce_v2_0_set_interrupt_state(struct amdgpu_device *adev,
struct amdgpu_irq_src *source,
unsigned type,
enum amdgpu_interrupt_state state)
{
uint32_t val = 0;
if (state == AMDGPU_IRQ_STATE_ENABLE)
val |= VCE_SYS_INT_EN__VCE_SYS_INT_TRAP_INTERRUPT_EN_MASK;
WREG32_P(mmVCE_SYS_INT_EN, val, ~VCE_SYS_INT_EN__VCE_SYS_INT_TRAP_INTERRUPT_EN_MASK);
return 0;
}
static int vce_v2_0_process_interrupt(struct amdgpu_device *adev,
struct amdgpu_irq_src *source,
struct amdgpu_iv_entry *entry)
{
DRM_DEBUG("IH: VCE\n");
switch (entry->src_data[0]) {
case 0:
case 1:
amdgpu_fence_process(&adev->vce.ring[entry->src_data[0]]);
break;
default:
DRM_ERROR("Unhandled interrupt: %d %d\n",
entry->src_id, entry->src_data[0]);
break;
}
return 0;
}
static int vce_v2_0_set_clockgating_state(void *handle,
enum amd_clockgating_state state)
{
bool gate = false;
bool sw_cg = false;
struct amdgpu_device *adev = (struct amdgpu_device *)handle;
if (state == AMD_CG_STATE_GATE) {
gate = true;
sw_cg = true;
}
vce_v2_0_enable_mgcg(adev, gate, sw_cg);
return 0;
}
static int vce_v2_0_set_powergating_state(void *handle,
enum amd_powergating_state state)
{
/* This doesn't actually powergate the VCE block.
* That's done in the dpm code via the SMC. This
* just re-inits the block as necessary. The actual
* gating still happens in the dpm code. We should
* revisit this when there is a cleaner line between
* the smc and the hw blocks
*/
struct amdgpu_device *adev = (struct amdgpu_device *)handle;
if (state == AMD_PG_STATE_GATE)
return vce_v2_0_stop(adev);
else
return vce_v2_0_start(adev);
}
static const struct amd_ip_funcs vce_v2_0_ip_funcs = {
.name = "vce_v2_0",
.early_init = vce_v2_0_early_init,
.late_init = NULL,
.sw_init = vce_v2_0_sw_init,
.sw_fini = vce_v2_0_sw_fini,
.hw_init = vce_v2_0_hw_init,
.hw_fini = vce_v2_0_hw_fini,
.suspend = vce_v2_0_suspend,
.resume = vce_v2_0_resume,
.is_idle = vce_v2_0_is_idle,
.wait_for_idle = vce_v2_0_wait_for_idle,
.soft_reset = vce_v2_0_soft_reset,
.set_clockgating_state = vce_v2_0_set_clockgating_state,
.set_powergating_state = vce_v2_0_set_powergating_state,
};
static const struct amdgpu_ring_funcs vce_v2_0_ring_funcs = {
.type = AMDGPU_RING_TYPE_VCE,
.align_mask = 0xf,
.nop = VCE_CMD_NO_OP,
.support_64bit_ptrs = false,
.no_user_fence = true,
.get_rptr = vce_v2_0_ring_get_rptr,
.get_wptr = vce_v2_0_ring_get_wptr,
.set_wptr = vce_v2_0_ring_set_wptr,
.parse_cs = amdgpu_vce_ring_parse_cs,
.emit_frame_size = 6, /* amdgpu_vce_ring_emit_fence x1 no user fence */
.emit_ib_size = 4, /* amdgpu_vce_ring_emit_ib */
.emit_ib = amdgpu_vce_ring_emit_ib,
.emit_fence = amdgpu_vce_ring_emit_fence,
.test_ring = amdgpu_vce_ring_test_ring,
.test_ib = amdgpu_vce_ring_test_ib,
.insert_nop = amdgpu_ring_insert_nop,
.pad_ib = amdgpu_ring_generic_pad_ib,
.begin_use = amdgpu_vce_ring_begin_use,
.end_use = amdgpu_vce_ring_end_use,
};
static void vce_v2_0_set_ring_funcs(struct amdgpu_device *adev)
{
int i;
for (i = 0; i < adev->vce.num_rings; i++) {
adev->vce.ring[i].funcs = &vce_v2_0_ring_funcs;
adev->vce.ring[i].me = i;
}
}
static const struct amdgpu_irq_src_funcs vce_v2_0_irq_funcs = {
.set = vce_v2_0_set_interrupt_state,
.process = vce_v2_0_process_interrupt,
};
static void vce_v2_0_set_irq_funcs(struct amdgpu_device *adev)
{
adev->vce.irq.num_types = 1;
adev->vce.irq.funcs = &vce_v2_0_irq_funcs;
};
const struct amdgpu_ip_block_version vce_v2_0_ip_block =
{
.type = AMD_IP_BLOCK_TYPE_VCE,
.major = 2,
.minor = 0,
.rev = 0,
.funcs = &vce_v2_0_ip_funcs,
};
``` |
Barun Das (born 15 November 1969) is an Indian businessman and media personality, and the MD & CEO of TV9 Network (largest news network in India in terms of viewership numbers).
He is an alumnus of IIT Madras, IIM Calcutta and London School of Economics. He has over 25 years of experience in the Media sector, both in India and abroad – in top managerial positions.
Das was a member of the International Academy of Television Arts and Sciences and was a juror for the finals of the International Emmys. A strategist from an early age, Das was selected for Junior National Bridge team.
Das was conferred with Honorary Doctorate in Philosophy by Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies in April 2023.
Career
His last corporate assignment, before TV9, was with Zee News Ltd. (currently Zee Media Corporation Ltd), being the youngest CEO of any news network in India. Prior to this, he held top management posts at MCCS (owner of the erstwhile Star group's news operations in India), India Today Group, ABP Group, and Head of International Business at Astro All Asia, Networks Plc. Kuala Lumpur.
After his stint in Zee, Barun dipped his toe in entrepreneurship and started Mydia100 Communications Pvt. Ltd., focusing on convergence of technology, content and healthcare, which was later acquired by TV9 Network.
In the short stint with TV9 Network, he has led TV9 Bharatvarsh to No.1 position in the BARC ratings as in March 2022. He was named the managing director of TV9 Network in June 2022.
Barun is known for his out of the box thinking. Under his leadership, TV9 Network, has experimented with various disruptive ideas. Money9, which is India's first multilingual personal finance platform and News9 Plus, which is India's first video magazine OTT service was launched under his leadership.
TV9 Network conducted their inaugural Global summit - What India Thinks Today in June 2022. 75 speakers across domains discussed India's position in the new international order. Former UK Prime Minister David Cameron was interviewed by Das in this edition.
Duologue with Barun Das
In 2022, News9 Plus launched a new format of discussions called Duologue with Barun Das. The idea is to get up close and personal with celebrated people from different domain. Styled similar to The David Letterman Show, this is a conversation between Das and a legend. It unfolds the life and theories of both the host and the guest.
Das has hosted 8 notable guests as of now which includes the former UK Prime Minister David Cameron, Padma Awardees Narayan & Sudha Murty along with other legends across domains. Media legend Arnab Goswami said, "Barun has an easy-going and yet razor-sharp conversational style. He got me to open up on subjects I’ve been quiet about, and I’m glad we ‘duologued’ like I haven’t before."
Recognition
CEO Insights - Top 10 Group CEOs 2022
Asia's Transformational Leader - Ideafest 2023
Honorary Doctorate in Philosophy - Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies
World's Best Leader - WCRCLeaders Global Summit
References
Living people
Indian chief executives
1969 births |
SS304 may refer to:
The Balao-submarine USS Seahorse (SS-304)
The grade 304 stainless steel family of SAE steel grades |
The women's 100 metres hurdles event at the 2004 African Championships in Athletics was held in Brazzaville, Republic of the Congo on July 18.
Results
Wind: -0.7 m/s
References
Results
2004 African Championships in Athletics
Sprint hurdles at the African Championships in Athletics
2004 in women's athletics |
Yau Ma Tei Theatre (sometimes transliterated as "Yaumati Theatre"), once the largest theatre in Kowloon, is located at the junction of Waterloo Road and Reclamation Street, in Yau Ma Tei, Hong Kong. It is classified as "Grade II Historic Building" It is the only remaining pre-World War II theatre in Kowloon. It was recently converted into a venue for Cantonese opera. Another historical structure, Yau Ma Tei Fruit Market is adjacent to the theatre, across Reclamation Street.
Yau Ma Tei area
Situated in the south of Kowloon, Yau Ma Tei ( or ) was once a village and is now one of the most historic areas in Hong Kong. Before British rule of Kowloon in 1860, Yau Ma Tei was known in historical documents by the name of Kwun Chung with Tanka fisherman clustering around its beach and bay. Today, after many reclamation attempts by the Hong Kong Government, a harbour still stands which is used for the fishing industry. Yau Ma Tei is also famous for its Typhoon Shelter and seafood dishes which are offered both on and off-shore.
Yau Ma Tei is now known as the part of Hong Kong "where the city never sleeps". The English spelling of Yau Ma Tei has variations such as Yau Ma Ti, Yaumatei, Yaumati or Yau-ma-tee. Part of the Yau Tsim Mong District, the Yau Ma Tei area has its north border at Dundas Street and Mong Kok while Tsim Sha Tsui and Austin share the south border. Victoria Harbour lies at its west, and the hills of Ho Man Tin at its east. Tourists and locals alike come to Yau Ma Tei for bargains at Temple Street night market, Chinese opera singing, and just to have a taste of the abundant cultural atmosphere. Other stalls located on the same street house fortune tellers and palm readers, goldsmiths, and wedding costumes. Aside from the traditional culture, modern structures such as the Broadway Cinematheque at Public Square Street presents Yau Ma Tei's modern culture.
Other historical structures
Yau Ma Tei is home to many historical buildings. On a southern coastal hill sits the Kwun Chung Fort constructed by Lin Tse-hsu, the Wing official of the cultivated village in a river valley at that time, to protect the village from the affronts of the British. Holding the British from Kowloon throughout the Battle of Kwun Chung in 1839, the fort was later taken down for development after the British took over Kowloon.
Other heritage sites include the Yau Ma Tei Fruit Market, located on Waterloo Road has been standing for a century. Adjacent to it is the Yaumati Theatre, previously the largest of its kind in the Kowloon area. Also down the road are the Kwong Wah Hospital, the first hospital established in Kowloon in 1911, and the YMCA headquarters and hostel. The Yau Ma Tei Police Station in the district holds great historical value.
Near the Yau Ma Tei Theater lies the Red Brick Building (known as The Engineer's Office of the Former Pumping Station) which is also being converted into a Xiqu Activity Centre for the performance and training of Cantonese opera.
History of the theatre
Sources conflict over the exact year the Yaumati Theatre was completed and open to public, which fall between 1925 and 1931. The décor of the theatre has shown some hints for the opening time of it. In the late 1920s, the dominant architectural style was the Neo-classicism while the Art Deco was an emerging trend of the next decade. While the front and the proscenium arch were designed as Neo-classical style with Art Deco influence, the interior décor of the theatre is Art Deco. This provides a crucial clue that the theatre was built in the late 1920s but not the mid-1920s. Another important clue is the manufacturers’ label found on the vintage film projectors kept in the projection room. Both of them were manufactured by Strong Electric Corp. of Toledo, Ohio, USA, and one of them has a patent registration year of 1927 and 1928. From this it can be proves that the cinema was opened no earlier than 1928.
The Theatre used to be the venue of entertainment for working class citizens and was patronized by rickshaw riders, coolies and low-income families. It gradually lost customers to newer theatres in later time, particularly in the 1980s when the popularity of home video entertainment increased. Toward the end of its life, it screened erotic films to maintain its business. Some traditional cinemas in Hong Kong were demolished and re-developed into shopping malls and ‘mini-cinema complexes’ (a complex of small cinemas with 200 or less than 200 seats). Yaumati Theatre was not converted to either of because of its inherent spatial and technical problems of its pre-war design. In order to survive through the vigorous competition with other cinemas, Yaumati Theatre started to screen erotic films and even sold pornographic tapes in the concourse in order to increase the profit.
The theatre finally closed on 31 July 1998. In the same year, it became a Grade II historical monument and the only pre-WWII monument that survived in the Kowloon area.
Movies shown throughout the years
Pre-World War II period: Silent movies
From 1930s to the eve of Pacific War: English-language movies (mainly Hollywood productions) and Chinese-language movies (mainly Shanghai productions)
During the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong (1941-1945): Japanese movies and propaganda films
Post-war years to 1960s: Mainstream Hong Kong-Cantonese movies produced by local production companies (mainly Lan Kwong Film Company () and Kong Ngee Company ()).
1970s: Mandarin-language movies (primarily from Shaw Brothers Studio and Golden Harvest)
1980s: Cantonese-language movies from Golden Princess Amusement Co., Ltd.
After the late-1980s: 'Chain Showing' () of pornographic films, i.e., one ticket for several adult movies shown in one day
31 July 1998: Closure of Yaumati Theatre
Cantonese opera venue
Yaumati Theatre is the only pre-war theatre building in Hong Kong still in existence. It is now being renovated to become a permanent venue for Cantonese opera.
This conversion of Yaumati Theatre it into a Xiqu Activity Centre was proposed by the Hong Kong government in 2007 for the purpose of preserving and promoting Cantonese opera in Hong Kong, as well as facilitate the sustainable development of Cantonese opera by providing performing and practising venue for Cantonese opera troupes. According to the 2007 Policy Address, this centre will include a 300-seat auditorium, stage and multi-function rooms, with the Red Brick Building acting as a supporting facility.
Conversion works are planned to commence in the second half of 2009 and were scheduled to be completed in 2011. The venue reopened in 2012.
Heritage impact assessment
Yaumati Theatre has been a Grade II historic building since December 1998. The implications of this is that all alterations on the building have to comply with a set of heritage conservation requirements in order to guide its future use and protect its cultural significance, including long term development, conversation and maintenance plans for the building. The Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) for Yaumati Theatre was carried out by Architectural Conservation Office on behalf of the Architectural Services Department in October 2008, with the agreement of both Cantonese Opera Advisory Committee and the Antiquities and Monuments Office of HKSAR Government.
See also
List of cinemas in Hong Kong
Ko Shing Theatre
Lee Theatre
References
Further reading
External links
Official website
Hong Kong Place: Historical Buildings
Yau Ma Tei
Cinemas in Hong Kong
Former cinemas
Theatres in Hong Kong
Grade II historic buildings in Hong Kong |
Disney’s Kim Possible Movie: So the Drama (also known as Kim Possible Movie: So the Drama or Kim Possible: Day of the Diablos in the working title) is a 2005 Disney Channel Original Movie produced by Walt Disney Television Animation. It is the second TV film based on the animated television series Kim Possible. This film includes a mix of hand-drawn animation and computer animation.
The film premiered April 8, 2005 on Disney Channel and on April 11, 2005 on Toon Disney. It was the first animated Disney Channel Original Movie. This film was aired before the last few episodes of the series' third season but is considered the three-part season three finale.
The film was originally intended to be the series finale but Disney Channel ultimately renewed the series, and the 23-episode fourth season of Kim Possible premiered on February 10, 2007, with events of the series continuing after the movie itself. The film also features Christy Carlson Romano's single "Could It Be." The film features a plot similar to the first aired episode of the series, "Crush."
Plot
Dr. Drakken has been developing a new and elaborate master plan to take over the world. Among the plan's stages are the procurement of a new toy design stolen from Japanese developer Nakasumi, the creation of synthodrone androids, and a bizarre research project investigating the lifestyle of teenage girls.
Meanwhile, Kim Possible realizes that her crime-fighting career has left her with only Ron Stoppable as a potential date for the junior prom, much to her distress. Ron introduces Kim to Eric, a new student, and they soon become a couple, causing a jealous Ron to find himself edged out of Kim's life. Ron also begins to notice numerous annoying changes at Bueno Nacho, his favorite fast-food chain.
Drakken kidnaps Kim's father, who possesses the most advanced cybertronic technology in existence, which can fix, modify, or enlarge any machine. Kim and Ron rescue Dr. Possible, unaware that Drakken has already obtained his knowledge in cybertronics by tapping his brain. Bueno Nacho introduces their first kiddie meals, which come with toy robot figures called "Lil' Diablos" (based on Nakasumi's design) that become vastly popular worldwide. Kim realizes Ron's growing unhappiness and talks with him, promising that her new relationship with Eric will not affect their friendship. While Kim and Eric attend prom together, Ron, depressed and conflicted by his changing feelings for Kim, becomes upset again by Bueno Nacho and makes a call complaining to the new owner, who is revealed to be Drakken. Lars, Bueno Nacho's new manager and one of Drakken's goons, activates the Diablo army of toys which pursue Ron and his pet mole-rat Rufus.
Escaping the Diablos, Ron bursts into the prom to warn Kim about the toys. Kim contacts her assistant Wade, who confirms that the Diablos are made from Dr. Possible's technology. In retaliation, Drakken attacks Middleton, transforming the toys into large, deadly robots with a command signal at Bueno Nacho. With help from the Possible family, Kim and Ron destroy the command signal, disabling the Diablos. Drakken shows Kim that his sidekick Shego has kidnapped Eric after she left the prom dance, and demands her surrender in exchange for Eric's safety.
Kim dons a new experimental battle suit created by Wade and heads with Ron and Rufus to Bueno Nacho headquarters, where Drakken and his forces are operating from. Kim fights and defeats Shego before reuniting with Eric, who is revealed to be a cyborg built by Drakken to distract her from his plans; he electrocutes Kim unconscious and she is captured along with Ron. At midnight, Drakken launches a worldwide attack with the giant Diablo robots. Embarrassed and distressed by Eric's betrayal, Kim admits defeat and gives up, but Ron encourages her by finally confessing his feelings for her, which she accepts.
Rufus helps Kim and Ron escape and they head to Bueno Nacho's roof to destroy the tower controlling the Diablos with an EMP. Shego and Eric intervene, but Kim fires the EMP at the tower. Eric catches it just in time, but Rufus destroys him by puncturing his foot, draining all his cyber liquid and making him drop the EMP on the tower, shutting down all the robots and returning them to their normal sizes. Drakken and his henchmen are arrested and Kim and Ron are hailed as heroes for saving the world once again. They return to prom holding hands, where students (except for Bonnie Rockwaller) cheer them as they dance and share their first real kiss.
Cast
Christy Carlson Romano as Kimberly Ann "Kim" Possible
Will Friedle as Ronald "Ron" Stoppable
Nancy Cartwright as Rufus
Tahj Mowry as Wade Load
John DiMaggio as Dr. Drakken (Drew Theodore P. Lipsky)
Nicole Sullivan as Shego
Ricky Ullman as Eric
Gary Cole as Dr. James Timothy Possible
Jean Smart as Dr. Ann Possible
Shaun Fleming as Jim and Tim Possible
Raven-Symoné as Monique
Kirsten Storms as Bonnie Rockwaller
Rider Strong as Brick Flagg
Diedrich Bader as Lars
Eddie Deezen as Ned
Clyde Kusatsu as Nakasumi
Lauren Tom as Miss Kyoko
Kevin Michael Richardson as Sumo Ninja / Dr. Gooberman
Maurice LaMarche as Big Daddy Brotherson
Tara Strong as Dr. Possible's voice command
April Winchell as Reporter
Reception
In its premiere night, the film received a 3.6 household rating - about 3.1 million viewers.
David Nusair from Reel Film Reviews rated the film 2.5/4 stating that the plot was thin and the kids would enjoy it more than adults but it is genuinely funny with better than expected voice acting.
Kevin Carr from 7M Pictures rated the film 3.5/5 and declared the movie may not be fine art but would be enjoyable for the right audience.
Reviewer Mike Long from Jackass Critics, reacting to the film as a possible final installment of the Kim Possible series, commented that it "is a fitting denouement, as it encompasses everything that made the show a stand-out on The Disney Channel."
Home media
An extended version of the film was released on May 10, 2005. It featured Christy Carlson Romano’s music video “Could It Be” and a never-before-seen episode of Kim Possible “Gorilla Fist”
As of November 12, 2019 it is available to stream on Disney+.
References
External links
2005 television films
2005 animated films
2005 films
2000s American animated films
Animated films based on animated series
Disney Channel Original Movie films
Kim Possible films
Android (robot) films
American animated television films
Rough Draft Studios films
Animated films set in Tokyo
Films set in Colorado
Disney Television Animation films
Disney direct-to-video animated films
2000s English-language films
Films directed by Steve Loter |
Lieutenant General Lewis Andrew Pick (November 18, 1890 – December 2, 1956) was a United States Army officer who served as Chief of Engineers in the United States Army.
Early life
Pick was born in Brookneal, Virginia. He was part of the first graduating class of Rustburg High School in 1910 and attended VPI, graduating in 1914. Pick received his Regular Army commission in the United States Army Corps of Engineers on July 1, 1917.
Military career
During World War I, Pick served with the 23rd Engineers in France. He served in the Philippines from 1921 until 1923 and helped organize The 14th Engineer Regiment Philippine Scouts, largely composed of Filipino soldiers. He was the Corps of Engineers' District Engineer in New Orleans during the Great Mississippi Flood of 1927, and he helped coordinate federal relief efforts. Pick was named Missouri River Division Engineer in 1942, and with William Glenn Sloan of the Bureau of Reclamation he co-wrote the Pick-Sloan Plan for controlling the water resources of the Missouri River Basin.
Pick carefully wrote his plan to avoid flooding Bismarck and Williston, North Dakota, along with Pierre and Chamberlain, South Dakota, but intentionally flooded the entire productive acreage of the Mandan, Hidatsa, and Arikara Nation, some 155,000 acres, supporting 349 families of 1,544 individuals. United States Secretary of the Interior Julius Albert Krug ordered compensation in the form of an equal amount of acreage on lesser lands, at-cost hydroelectric power for irrigation, grazing and watering rights for tribal cattle, and $5,105,625 in payment for lost lands. Colonel Pick revoked this order and all its compensations, then denied the Three Tribes all access to the reservoir which would flood their lands, including the rights to fish, water their cattle, or cut any timber from the land to be flooded. The tribes were likewise forbidden to hire legal counsel with any compensatory money they might receive. The revised plan was approved by Krug.
Forced to sign the Pick-Sloan Plan contract, George Gillette, leader of the Three Tribes' business council, openly wept.
Colonel Pick was assigned to the China Burma India Theater of World War II in October 1943, replacing Brigadier General John C. Arrowsmith as Chief Road Engineer. He oversaw construction of the Ledo Road in British Raj India and Burma. His driving force enabled the difficult task to be completed in two and a half years. His men nicknamed the road "Pick's Pike".
After his return to the United States in 1945, he served again as Missouri River Division Engineer. On March 1, 1949, President of the United States Harry S. Truman appointed him Chief of Engineers. Pick was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster. Pick City, North Dakota, located by the Garrison Dam on the Missouri River was founded in 1946 and named for him. Pickstown, South Dakota, located by the Fort Randall Dam was also named for him. He died in Washington, D.C., and was buried in Auburn, Alabama.
Personal life
Pick attended and played college football at Virginia Polytechnic Institute, and graduated in 1914. He was initiated into Theta Chi Fraternity in 1924 at Auburn University, where he was a professor of military science and tactics. Pick married Alice Cary, one of the founding members of the Sigma Lambda chapter of Kappa Delta sorority at Auburn.
In 1948, Pick was elevated to National Honor Member by Chi Epsilon national civil engineering honor society.
The Lewis Andrew Pick Birthplace is a contributing property in the Brookneal Historic District.
See also
Pickstown, South Dakota
Pick City, North Dakota
References
This article contains public domain text from
Generals of World War II
1890 births
1956 deaths
Military personnel from Virginia
United States Army personnel of World War I
United States Army generals
Virginia Tech Hokies football players
People from Brookneal, Virginia
Recipients of the Distinguished Service Medal (US Army)
United States Army Corps of Engineers personnel
United States Army generals of World War II |
```php
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/*
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* WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the
*/
namespace Google\Service\Blogger;
class PostUserInfo extends \Google\Model
{
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public $kind;
protected $postType = Post::class;
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protected $postUserInfoType = PostPerUserInfo::class;
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/**
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public function setKind($kind)
{
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/**
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public function getKind()
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class_alias(PostUserInfo::class, 'Google_Service_Blogger_PostUserInfo');
``` |
Aphonopelma paloma, or the Paloma dwarf, is a species of spider belonging to the family Theraphosidae.
Distribution and habitat
The Paloma dwarf can be found in Southern Arizona, but require meticulous surveying to spot. This is not only due to their small size, as the entrances of their burrows are usually only 5–10 mm in width.
References
http://www.americanarachnology.org/JoA_free/JoA_v20_n3/JoA_v20_p189.pdf
paloma
Spiders of the United States
Natural history of Arizona
Spiders described in 1993 |
Janas is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
John Janas (1910–1969), American politician
Piotr Janas (born 1970), Polish artist
Paweł Janas (born 1953), Polish footballer and manager
Lorelei Lee (born Amy Janas, 1982), American wrestler
See also
Janus (surname) |
Norton Halt railway station was a station in Norton, Worcestershire, England. The station was opened in 1879 and closed in 1966.
References
Further reading
Disused railway stations in Worcestershire
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1879
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1966
Former Great Western Railway stations
Beeching closures in England |
Trichognoma chinensis is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae, and the only species in the genus Trichognoma. It was described by Breuning in 1956.
References
Lebiinae
Beetles described in 1956
Taxa named by Stephan von Breuning (entomologist) |
The Deobandi movement or Deobandism is a revivalist movement within Sunni Islam that adheres to the Hanafi school of law. It formed in the late 19th century around the Darul Uloom Madrassa in Deoband, India, from which the name derives, by Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, and several others, after the Indian Rebellion of 1857–58. They consider themselves the continuation of Ahlus Sunnah wal Jamaat. The main purpose of this movement was to reject the grave worshipping, shirk and protect the orthodoxy of Islam from Bidah, as well as the influence of non-Muslim cultures on the Muslim of South Asia. The movement pioneered education in religious sciences through the Dars-i-Nizami associated with the Lucknow-based ulema of Firangi Mahal with the goal of preserving traditional Islamic teachings from the influx of modernist, secular ideas during British colonial rule. The Deobandi movement's Indian clerical wing, Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind, was founded in 1919 and played a major role in the Indian independence movement through its participation in the Pan-Islamist Khalifat movement and propagation of the doctrine of composite nationalism. The movement shares several similarities with Wahhabism.
Theologically, the Deobandis uphold the doctrine of taqlid (conformity to legal precedent) and adhere to the Hanafi school. Founders of the Deobandi school Nanautavi and Gangohi drew inspiration from the religio-political doctrines of the prominent South Asian Islamic scholar and Sufi reformer Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (1703–1762 CE / 1114–1175 AH). In its early years, Deobandi ulema engaged in theological debates with Christian and Hindu scholars; with the objective of defending Islamic faith, and to form a popular struggle to overthrow British colonialism. Deobandi theologians of Jamiat Ulema e-Hind, in particular, discussed multiculturalism and opposition to the partition of India, with a strategic vision to safeguard the religious freedom of Muslims in India.
In response to the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan in 1979, Saudi Arabia decided to support the Deobandi movement due to its popularity in the Pashtun regions in Afghanistan and Pakistan, which influenced the movement with Salafi ideals. From the early 1980s to the early 2000s, Deobandis were robustly funded by Saudi Arabia. Pakistan also strongly supported Deobandi Mujahidin to fight the Soviet Union in Afghanistan and India in the Kashmir insurgency, owing to their affiliation with the Pan-Islamist legacies of Shah Waliullah and the Silk Letter Movement in the subcontinent. Alongside Jamaat-e-Islami, Deobandi Islamist militias constituted the most committed volunteers for the anti-communist Afghan Jihad.
The movement has spread from India, Pakistan, Afghanistan and Bangladesh to the United Kingdom, and has a presence in South Africa. The Pakistani and Afghan branches and the original Indian seminaries have far less contact since the Partition of India, for political reasons related to the India–Pakistan border. Followers of the Deobandi movement are extremely diverse; some advocate for non-violence and others are militant.
Foundation and expansion
British colonialism in India was seen by a group of Indian scholars—consisting of Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, Muhammad Yaqub Nanautawi, Shah Rafi al-Din, Sayyid Muhammad Abid, Zulfiqar Ali, Fazlur Rahman Usmani and Muhammad Qasim Nanotvi—to be corrupting Islam. The group founded an Islamic seminary (madrassa) known as Darul Uloom Deoband, where the Islamic revivalist and anti-imperialist ideology of the Deobandis began to develop. In time, the Darul Uloom Deoband became the second largest focal point of Islamic teaching and research after the Al-Azhar University, Cairo. Towards the time of the Indian independence movement and afterward in post-colonial India, the Deobandis advocated a notion of composite nationalism by which Hindus and Muslims were seen as one nation who were asked to be united in the struggle against the British rule.
In 1919, a large group of Deobandi scholars formed the political party Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind and opposed the partition of India. Deobandi scholar Maulana Syed Husain Ahmad Madani helped to spread these ideas through his text Muttahida Qaumiyat Aur Islam. A group later dissented from this position and joined Muhammad Ali Jinnah's Muslim League, including Ashraf Ali Thanwi, Shabbir Ahmad Usmani, Zafar Ahmad Usmani and Muhammad Shafi Deobandi, who formed the Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam in 1945.
Through the organisations such as Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind and Tablighi Jamaat, the Deobandi movement began to spread. Graduates of Darul Uloom Deoband in India from countries such as South Africa, China, and Malaysia opened thousands of madaaris throughout the world.
India
The Deobandi Movement in India is controlled by the Darul Uloom Deoband and the Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind.
Pakistan
Of Pakistan's estimated 230 million Muslims, some 15-30% or 40-80 million Pakistani Muslims consider themselves Deobandi, forming majority in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan. It is the most followed Movement among Pashtuns and Balochs According to Heritage Online, nearly 65% of the total seminaries (Madrasah) in Pakistan are run by Deobandis, whereas 25% are run by Barelvis, 6% by Ahl-i Hadith and 3% by various Shia organizations. The Deobandi movement in Pakistan was a major recipient of funding from Saudi Arabia from the early 1980s up until the early 2000s, whereafter this funding was diverted to the rival Ahl-i Hadith movement. Having seen Deoband as a counterbalance to Iranian influence in the region, Saudi funding is now strictly reserved for the Ahl-i Hadith.
Deobandi-affiliated groups such as the TTP, SSP, Let, etc. have a militant character and have attacked and destroyed Sufi sites holy to Sunni Muslims of the Barelvi movement, such as Data Darbar in Lahore, Abdullah Shah Ghazi's tomb in Karachi, Khal Magasi in Balochistan, and Rahman Baba's tomb in Peshawar.
Bangladesh
As with the rest of the Indian subcontinent, the majority of Muslims in Bangladesh are traditional Sunni, who mainly follow the Hanafi school of jurisprudence (madh'hab) and consequently the Maturidi school of theology. The majority of them are Deobandi along with Tablighi (51%) or 80 Million Muslims; the Deobandi, in the form of Qawmi institutions, own the vast majority of private Islamic seminaries and produce the majority of the ulema in Bangladesh. Among Sunnis who are not traditional Hanafi, the Salafi-influenced Ahle Hadith and the Jamaat e Islami (19%) have a substantial following.
Afghanistan
Deobandi Islam is the most popular form of pedagogy in the Pashtun belt on both sides of the Durand Line that separates Afghanistan and Pakistan. Moreover, prominent Afghan and Pakistani Taliban leaders have studied in Deobandi seminaries.
South Africa
The Deobandi Movement has an international presence today, with its full-fledged manifestation in South Africa, a country where the movement was initiated through the Indian Gujarati merchant class. The Islamic education system of the Deobandi movement, as well as the necessary components of social and political organizations such as Tablighi Jamaat, Sufism and Jamiat, are fully functioning effectively in South Africa, as they do in India. Madrasas in South Africa provide Islamic higher education and are now centers for Islamic education for foreigners who are interested in receiving a Deobandi-style education. Many of their graduates, especially from Western countries such as the United Kingdom and the United States, are Western students. Some of South African madrasas are recognized globally, providing fatwa services. South Africa is now known for producing exceptional Islamic literature through translation and compilation. Similarly, the Tabligh Jamaat is a hub in South Africa that spreads throughout South and East Africa. Graduates of South African madrassas spend their time in the path of the Tabligh Jamaat. Through the work of several spiritual personalities of the Deobandis, the tradition of Deoband's Tasawwuf (Sufism) has taken root in South Africa. Among them are Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi, Masihullah Khan, Mahmood Hasan Gangohi and Asad Madni. South African Deobandi Muslims have many important and influential educational and socio-political organizations that educate the people and play an important role in religious and social activities. Among them are Jamiatul Ulama South Africa and the Muslim Judicial Council.
Iran
Students from various regions, including Sistan and Baluchestan in Iran, attended Deoband, which led to the spread of its founders ideas. This movement had a significant impact on some of the new generation of Iranian intellectuals in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. After entering Iran, the students of this school continued to expand this thinking and with the formation of missionary groups. These thoughts have been strengthened on one hand due to the cultural relationships between the Baloch tribes and on the other hand due to the connection of Sistan and Baluchestan's Iran and India's Hanafi religious leaders in Iran. Today, Deobandi thinking is one of the intellectual currents in Sistan and Baluchestan and preaching groups are active in different cities and villages. Its playing a crucial role in Iran's political landscape. The Deobandis aimed to homogenize religious schools and were opposed to certain popular practices. The Naqshbandi order played an important role in the Deobandi school of thought in the Persian-speaking world.
United Kingdom
In the 1970s, Deobandis opened the first British-based Muslim religious seminaries (Darul-Ulooms), educating imams and religious scholars. Deobandis "have been quietly meeting the religious and spiritual needs of a significant proportion of British Muslims, and are perhaps the most influential British Muslim group." In 2015 Ofsted highlighted the Deobandi seminary in Holcombe as a good example of a school "promoting British values, preventing radicalisation and protecting children". The journalist, Andrew Norfolk, did not agree with this assessment.
According to a 2007 report by Andrew Norfolk, published in The Times, about 600 of Britain's nearly 1,500 mosques were under the control of "a hardline sect", whose leading preacher loathed Western values, called on Muslims to "shed blood" for Allah and preached contempt for Jews, Christians and Hindus. The same investigative report further said that 17 of the country's 26 Islamic seminaries follow the ultra-conservative Deobandi teachings which The Times said had given birth to the Taliban. According to The Times, almost 80% of all domestically trained Ulema were being trained in these hardline seminaries. An opinion column in The Guardian described this report as "a toxic mixture of fact, exaggeration and outright nonsense".
In 2014 it was reported that 45 per cent of Britain's mosques and nearly all the UK-based training of Islamic scholars are controlled by the Deobandi, the largest single Islamic group.
Most Muslim prison chaplaincies in Britain are Deobandi, and in 2016 Michael Spurr (chief executive of the National Offender Management Service) wrote to Britain's prison governors bringing to their attention that Ofsted had said that "the UK’s most influential Deobandi seminary promotes 'fundamental British values such as democracy, individual liberty and mutual respect and tolerance for those of different faiths'."
Beliefs
The Deobandi movement sees itself as a scholastic tradition that grew out of the Islamic scholastic traditions of Medieval Transoxania and Mughal India, and it considers its visionary forefather to be Shah Waliullah Dehlawi (1703-1762). Dehlawi was a contemporary of Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab (1703 - 1792), and they studied in Medina under some of the same teachers, despite having different theological backgrounds. According to Muhammad Iqbal, Deobandiyat is neither a creed (mathab) nor a sect – terms by which its antagonists try to incite the masses against it – but it is a comprehensive picture and a complete edition of the tack of the Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah in which all the offshoots of the Ahl al-Sunnah wa al-Jama’ah are seen joined with their root.
Theology
In tenets of faith, the Deobandis follow the Maturidi school of Islamic theology.
Their schools teach a short text on beliefs known as al-'Aqa'id al-Nasafiyya by the Hanafi-Maturidi scholar Najm al-Din 'Umar al-Nasafi.
The official Deobandi book, al-Muhannad 'ala al-Mufannad (The Sword on the Disproved), also known as: al-Tasdiqat li-Daf' al-Talbisat (Endorsements Repelling Deceits), is a work that summarizes the beliefs generally held by the Deobandis. It was authored by Khalil Ahmad al-Saharanpuri (d. 1346/1927) in order to defend and vindicate the Deobandis from the charge of kufr (unbelief or blasphemy) levied against them by their opponents.
Fiqh (Islamic law)
Deobandis are strong proponents of the doctrine of Taqlid. In other words, they believe that a Deobandi must adhere to one of the four schools (madhhabs) of Sunni Islamic Law and generally discourage inter-school eclecticism. They themselves claim to be the followers of the Hanafi school. Students at madrasas affiliated with the Deobandi movement study the classic books of Hanafi Law such as Nur al-Idah, Mukhtasar al-Quduri, Sharh al-Wiqayah, and Kanz al-Daqa’iq, culminating their study of the madhhab with the Hidayah of al-Marghinani.
With regard to views on Taqlid, one of their main opposing reformist groups are the Ahl-i-Hadith, also known as the Ghair Muqallid, the nonconformists, because they eschewed taqlid in favor of the direct use of Quran and Hadith. They often accuse those who adhere to the rulings of one scholar or legal school of blind imitation, and frequently demand scriptural evidence for every argument and legal ruling. Almost since the very beginnings of the movement, Deobandi scholars have generated a copious amount of scholarly output in an attempt to defend their adherence to a madhhab in general. In particular, Deobandis have penned much literature in defense of their argument that the Hanafi madhhab is in complete accordance with the Quran and Hadith.
Hadith
In response to this need to defend their madhhab in the light of scripture, Deobandis became particularly distinguished for their unprecedented salience to the study of Hadith in their madrasas. Their madrasa curriculum incorporates a feature unique among the global arena of Islamic scholarship, the Daura-e Hadis, the capstone year of a student's advanced madrasa training, in which all six canonical collections of the Sunni Hadith (the Sihah Sittah) are reviewed.
In a Deobandi madrasa, the position of Shaykh al-Hadith, or the resident professor of Sahih Bukhari, is held in much reverence. Their views were widely shared by a broad range of Islamic reform movements of the colonial period.
Sufism
Khalil Ahmad al-Saharanpuri outlined the creedal beliefs of Deobandis in his Al-Muhannad ala al-Mufannad where he stated that
However despite this, Deobandis argue for a reformed version of Sufism. They generally oppose folklore based Sufi practices such as excessive celebrations of the birthday of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and seeking help from him, the celebration of Urs, pilgrimage to the shrines of Sufi saints, practice of Sema, and loud dhikr - seeing them as too esoteric in nature. However most Deobandi leaders incorporate elements of sober Sufism into their practices and believe it to be a fundamental part of the religion.
Deoband's curriculum combined the study of Islamic holy scriptures (Quran, hadith and law) with rational subjects (logic, philosophy and science). At the same time it was hugely Sufi in orientation and affiliated with the Chisti order. Taqi Usmani - the most famous Deobandi scholar was trained in the Chishti order as were the four founders of the Deoband madrassa. Mahmood Ashraf Usmani, the former head of Darul Ulum Karachi, defended the concept of tariqas and bayah based on the Pledge of the Tree incident. Ashraf Ali Thanwi graduated from Darul Ulum Deoband and was widely considered the preeminent Sufi of modern India. Deobandis generally oppose the various forms of Tawassul and Istighatha but see the matter mainly as fiqh in nature, not aqeedah.
Founders of the Deobandi school, Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi and Rashid Ahmad Gangohi, were inspired by the Sufi-religio-political doctrine of Shah Waliullah amongst other sources of inspiration. Gangohi studied under the Sufi shaykh Haji Imdadullah Muhajir Makki, although he differed with his views in many ways. However Gangohi's Fatawa-yi Rashidiyya opposed traditional Sufi practices such as loud dhikr, visiting the tombs of Sufi saints, celebrating Urs, visualizing or contemplating on a Sufi master (tasawwur-e-shaykh), reciting the Fatihah on special occasions, and engaging in Sema.
Muhammad Zakariyya Kandhlawi, noted hadith scholar and Sufi Shaykh of Deobandis, says that,
Positions
According to Brannon D. Ingram, Deobandis differ from Barelvis on three theological positions. Gangohi stated that God has the ability to lie. This doctrine is called Imkan-i Kizb. According to this doctrine, because God is omnipotent, God is capable of lying. Gangohi also supported the doctrine that God has the ability to make additional prophets after Muhammad (Imkan-i Nazir) and other prophets equal to Muhammad. Gangohi clarifies that although God has the ability to make prophets on "par" with Muhammad, he "would never do so". This goes against traditional Sufi beliefs which see Prophet Muhammad as the apex of creation. Gangohi opposed the Sufi doctrine that Muhammad has knowledge of the unseen (ilm e ghaib). This belief of the Deobandis conflicts with traditional Sufi views of Muhammad having unparalleled and unequal knowledge that encompasses the unseen realm. Gangohi also issued multiple fatwas against the Mawlid and stated it is an innovation (bidah), opposed the practice of standing up in honour of Muhammad during Mawlid.
Scholarship
Deobandi fiqh
Deobandi fiqh, originating from the Hanafi school of Islamic law, is a distinctive school of Islamic jurisprudence that highly values the strict adherence to the Hanafi school of jurisprudence, also known as Taqlid. Deobandi scholars view Taqlid as a crucial means of ensuring the proper interpretation and application of Islamic law, especially for individuals without the necessary knowledge and expertise to engage in Ijtihad. However, Ijtihad is also recognized as necessary for the evolution of Islamic law, but it should be approached with caution and respect for Islamic scholarship traditions. Darul Uloom Deoband established the first Department of Fatwa, or Darul Ifta, in 1892, followed by other Deobandi madrasas and organizations such as the Islamic Fiqh Academy (India), which constitute the bedrock for the development of the Deobandi fiqh. Rashid Ahmad Gangohi is considered the founder of Deobandi fiqh, with Ashraf Ali Thanwi and Aziz-ul-Rahman Usmani regarded as key figures. The earliest text of Deobandi fiqh is Fatawa-e-Rashidiya, with other important texts including Imdad-ul-Fatawa and Fatawa Darul Uloom Deoband. Deobandi fiqh plays a vital role in Afghanistan's judiciary system, with Taqi Usmani and Khalid Saifullah Rahmani recognized as prominent contemporary faqihs of the Deobandi school. Digital initiatives such as Darulifta-Deoband.com and Askimam demonstrate the digitization of Deobandi fiqh. A significant fatwa in Deobandi fiqh is the Fatwa of Peace for Humanity, issued by Farid Uddin Masood in 2016, endorsed by over 100,000 Islamic scholars from Bangladesh, declaring terrorism as haram or forbidden, based on Islamic scripture and tradition.
Deobandi hadith studies
Politics
Deobandi jihadism
Deobandi jihadism pertains to a militant interpretation of Islam that draws upon the teachings of the Deobandi movement. The Deobandi movement underwent three waves of armed conflict. The first wave resulted in the establishment of an Islamic territory centered on Thana Bhawan by the movement's elders during the Indian Rebellion of 1857, prior to the founding of Darul Uloom Deoband. Imdadullah Muhajir Makki served as the Amir al-Mu'minin of this Islamic territory, Rashid Ahmad Gangohi as the Chief justice, and Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi as the Commander-in-chief. However, following the British victory over the Deobandi forces in the Battle of Shamli, the territory fell. After the establishment of Darul Uloom Deoband, Mahmud Hasan Deobandi initiated the second wave. He attempted to mobilize an armed resistance against the British through various initiatives, including the formation of the Samratut Tarbiat. When the British uncovered his Silk Letter Movement, they arrested him and held him captive in Malta. Following his release, he and his followers entered mainstream politics and actively participated in the democratic process. In the late 1970s, the Pakistan–Afghan border became the epicenter of the Deobandi jihadist movement's third wave, which was fueled by the Soviet–Afghan War. Under the auspices of President Zia-ul-Haq, its expansion occurred through various madrasas, such as Darul Uloom Haqqania and Jamia Uloom-ul-Islamia, with political support provided by Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (S). Trained militants from the Pakistan–Afghan border participated in the Afghan jihad and later formed various organizations, including the Taliban. The most prominent example of Deobandi jihadism is the Taliban, who established Islamic rule in Afghanistan. Sami-ul-Haq, the head of Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (S), is regarded as the "father of the Taliban."
Organizations
Jamiat Ulema-I-Hind
Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind is one of the leading Deobandi organizations in India. It was founded in British India in 1919 by Ahmad Saeed Dehlavi, Sanaullah Amritsari and several other scholars including Kifayatullah Dehlawi who was elected its first president. The Jamiat has propounded a theological basis for its nationalistic philosophy. Their thesis is that Muslims and non-Muslims have entered upon a mutual contract in India since independence, to establish a secular state. The Constitution of India represents this contract.
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam (JUI) is a Deobandi organization, part of the Deobandi movement. The JUI formed when members broke from the Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind in 1945 after that organization backed the Indian National Congress against the Muslim League's lobby for a separate Pakistan. The first president of the JUI was Shabbir Ahmad Usmani.
Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam
Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam (), also known in short as Ahrar, was a conservative Deobandi political party in the Indian subcontinent during the British Raj (prior to the independence of Pakistan) founded 29 December 1929 at Lahore. Chaudhry Afzal Haq, Syed Ata Ullah Shah Bukhari, Habib-ur-Rehman Ludhianvi, Mazhar Ali Azhar, Zafar Ali Khan and Dawood Ghaznavi were the founders of the party. The Ahrar was composed of Indian Muslims disillusioned by the Khilafat Movement, which cleaved closer to the Congress Party. The party was associated with opposition to Muhammad Ali Jinnah and against establishment of an independent Pakistan as well as criticism of the Ahmadiyya movement. After the independence of Pakistan in 1947, Majlis-e-Ahrar divided in two parts. Now, Majlis-e-Ahrar-e-Islam is working for the sake of Muhammad, nifaaz Hakomat-e-illahiyya and Khidmat-e-Khalq. In Pakistan, Ahrar secretariat is in Lahore and in India it is based in Ludhiana.
Tablighi Jamaat
Tablighi Jamaat, a non-political Deobandi missionary organisation, began as an offshoot of the Deobandi movement. Its inception is believed to be a response to Hindu reform movements, which were considered a threat to vulnerable and non-practising Deobandi Muslims. It gradually expanded from a local to a national organisation, and finally to a transnational movement with followers in over 200 countries. Although its beginnings were from the Deobandi movement, it has now established an independent identity though it still maintains close ties with Deobandi ulema in many countries with large South Asian Muslim populations such as the UK.
Associated political organizations
Jamiat Ulema-e-Hind
Jamiat Ulema-e-Islam
Majlis-e-Ahrar-ul-Islam
Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan
Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh
Associated militant organizations
Lashkar-e-Jhangvi
Lashkar-e-Jhangvi (LJ) (Army of Jhangvi) was a Deobandi militant organization. Formed in 1996, it operated in Pakistan as an offshoot of Sipah-e-Sahaba (SSP). Riaz Basra broke away from the SSP over differences with his seniors. The group, now practically defunct since the unsuccessful Operation Zarb-e-Azab, is considered a terrorist group by Pakistan and the United States, It was involved in attacks on civilians and protectors of them. Lashkar-e-Jhangvi is predominantly Punjabi. The group has been labelled by intelligence officials in Pakistan as a major security threat.
Taliban
The Taliban ("students"), alternative spelling Taleban, is an Islamic fundamentalist political and militant movement in Afghanistan. It spread into Afghanistan and formed a government, ruling as the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan from September 1996 until December 2001, with Kandahar as the capital.
While in power, it enforced its strict interpretation of Sharia law. While many leading Muslims and Islamic scholars have been highly critical of the Taliban's interpretations of Islamic law, the Darul Uloom Deoband has consistently supported the Taliban in Afghanistan, including their 2001 destruction of the Buddhas of Bamiyan, and the majority of the Taliban's leaders were influenced by Deobandi fundamentalism. Pashtunwali, the Pashtun tribal code, also played a significant role in the Taliban's legislation. The Taliban were condemned internationally for their brutal treatment of women.
Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan
Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (the TTP), alternatively referred to as the Pakistani Taliban, is an umbrella organization of various Islamist militant groups based in the northwestern Federally Administered Tribal Areas along the Afghan border in Pakistan. In December 2007 about 13 groups united under the leadership of Baitullah Mehsud to form the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan. Among the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan's stated objectives are resistance against the Pakistani state, enforcement of their interpretation of sharia and a plan to unite against NATO-led forces in Afghanistan.
The TTP is not directly affiliated with the Afghan Taliban movement led by Mullah Omar, with both groups differing greatly in their histories, strategic goals and interests although they both share a primarily Deobandi interpretation of Islam and are predominantly Pashtun.
Sipah-e-Sahaba
Sipah-e-Sahaba Pakistan (SSP) is a banned Pakistani militant organization, and a formerly registered Pakistani political party. Established in the early 1980s in Jhang by the militant leader Haq Nawaz Jhangvi, its stated goal is primarily to deter major Shiite influence in Pakistan in the wake of the Iranian Revolution. The organization was banned by President Pervez Musharraf in 2002 as being a terrorist group under the Anti-Terrorism Act of 1997.
In October 2000 Masood Azhar, another militant leader, and founder of Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM), was quoted as saying that "Sipah-e-Sahaba stands shoulder to shoulder with Jaish-e-Muhammad in Jehad." A leaked U.S. diplomatic cable described JeM as "another SSP breakaway Deobandi organization."
Institutions
Right after Darul Uloom Deoband, the main center of Deobandism throughout the world, Mazahir Uloom, Saharanpur is the second known Deobandi madrassa in India, which produced the scholars like Muhammad Zakariyya Kandhlawi. Muhammad Qasim Nanautavi's established Madrasa Shahi, Moradabad, the alma of scholars like Mufti Mahmud and Saeed Ahmad Akbarabadi has its position. Darul Uloom Karachi, founded by Mufti Shafi Usmani, Jamia Binoria and Jamia Uloom-ul-Islamia in Pakistani are top Deobandi institutions there. Darul Uloom Bury, Holcombe, established by Yusuf Motala during 1970s is the first Deobandi madrassa of the West In South Africa, Darul Ulum Newcastle, was founded in 1971 by Cassim Mohammed Sema and Dar al-Ulum Zakariyya in Lenasia, Madrasah In'aamiyyah, Camperdown is known for its Dar al-Iftaa (Department of Fatwa Research and Training) which runs the popular online fatwa service, Askimam.org. Al-Jamiatul Ahlia Darul Ulum Moinul Islam is the first established Deobandi madrassa in Bangladesh, which produced the scholars like Shah Ahmad Shafi, Junaid Babunagari. Al-Rashid Islamic Institute, Ontario, Canada, Darul Uloom Al-Madania in Buffalo, New York, Jamiah Darul Uloom Zahedan in Iran and Darul Uloom Raheemiyyah are some top Deobandi institutions.
Scholars
Mahmud Deobandi (died 1886) – First teacher of Darul Uloom Deoband.
Mahmud Hasan Deobandi (1851–1920) – Popularly known as "Shaykh al-Hind".
Ashraf Ali Thanwi (1863–1943)
Ubaidullah Sindhi (1863–1943) – Freedom fighter and Life Member of Jamia Millia Islamia.
Anwar Shah Kashmiri (1875–1933)
Hussain Ahmed Madani (1879–1957)
Muhammad Ilyas al-Kandhlawi (1884–1944) – Founder of Tablighi Jamaat.
Shabbir Ahmad Usmani (1887–1949)
Uzair Gul Peshawari (1886–1989), Freedom Fighter and Former Head of Madrasa Rahmania in Roorkee.
Muhammad Shafi Deobandi (1897–1976)
Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi (1898–1982)
Zayn al-Abidin Sajjad Meerthi (1910–1991), Former Head of the Islamic studies department of Jamia Millia Islamia.
Abdul Matin Chowdhury (1915–1990)
Shah Ahmad Shafi (1916–2020), former Chief of Hefajat-e-Islam Bangladesh, rector of Al-Jamiatul Ahlia Darul Ulum Moinul Islam Hathazari and also the chairman of Bangladesh Qawmi Madrasah Education Board.
Abdur Rahman Bangladeshi (1920–2015) – He was the founder director of Islamic Research Center Bangladesh, Dhaka & Many Deobandi school. Ex chairman of the Shariah Council of Many Islamic Bank.
Muhammad Abdul Wahhab (1923–2018) – former (Amir of Tablighi Jamaat Pakistan Chapter).
Nur Uddin Gohorpuri (1924–2005)
Khalid Mahmood (1925–2020) – UK. He was the founder and Director of The Islamic Academy of Manchester. which was established in 1974. He served formerly as a Professor at Murray College Sialkot and also at MAO College Lahore. He obtained a PhD in Comparative Religion from University of Birmingham in 1970. He has authored over 50 books, and has served as the Justice of Supreme court of Pakistan (Shariat Appellate Bench).
Muhammad Yunus Jownpuri (1937-2017) – Senior Hadith Scholar and former Shaykh al-Hadith of Mazahir Uloom, Saharanpur. He was among the senior students and disciples of Muhammad Zakariyya al-Kandhlawi.
Usman Mansoorpuri (1944-2021) – First National President of Jamiat Ulama-e-Hind's Mahmood faction.
Yusuf Motala (1946–2019) – UK; Founder and senior lecturer at Dar al-Ulum Bury, one of the oldest Deobandi Madrasas in the West; "He is a scholar's scholar – many of the United Kingdom's young Deobandi scholars have studied under his patronage."
Nur Hossain Kasemi (1945–2020) – Former Secretary General of Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh.
Ebrahim Desai, South Africa – Mufti and founder of Askimam fatwa portal.
Contemporary Deobandis
A F M Khalid Hossain – Bangladesh.
Abdul Halim Bukhari, Bangladesh – Chancellor of Al Jamia Al Islamia Patiya
Junaid Babunagari, Bangladeshi Islamic Scholar, He is serving as the assistant director of Al-Jamiatul Ahlia Darul Ulum Moinul Islam Hathazari, and secretary general of Hefajat-e-Islam Bangladesh.
Mahmudul Hasan, Bangladesh – President of Al-Haiatul Ulya Lil-Jamiatil Qawmia Bangladesh and Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh, Chancellor of Jamia Islamia Darul Uloom Madania, Amir of Majlis-e-Dawatul Haq Bangladesh.
Mamunul Haque – Secretary General of Bangladesh Khelafat Majlish and President of Bangladesh Khelafat Youth Majlish.
Muhibbullah Babunagari, Chief advisor of Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh (born 1935)
Muhammad Rafi Usmani, Pakistan – Former President and senior lecturer of Darul Uloom Karachi.
Muhammad Taqi Usmani, Pakistan – Vice-president of Dar al-Ulum Karachi, Former judge on the Shariah Appellate Bench of the Supreme Court of Pakistan, Deputy Chairman of the Islamic Fiqh Academy of the OIC, leading scholar of Islamic Finance, and often considered to be a leading scholar and figurehead of the Deobandi movement.
Nurul Islam Jihadi, Secretary General of Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh. (born 1948)
Allama Nurul Islam Olipuri – Mufassir from Bangladesh.
Tariq Jameel, Pakistan – Prominent scholar and preacher from the Tablighi Jama'at.
Ismail ibn Musa Menk, Zimbabwean scholar.
Taha Karaan, late South African scholar and jurist (d.2021).
Abdur Rahman ibn Yusuf Mangera, Mufti and founder of Whitethread Institute and Zamzam Academy.
Muhammad Sufyan Qasmi, current rector of Darul Uloom Waqf, Deoband.
Rahmatullah Mir Qasmi, founder and rector of Darul Uloom Raheemiyyah.
Mahfuzul Haque, secretary general of Befaqul Madarisil Arabia Bangladesh.
Muhammad ibn Adam Al-Kawthari, founder and chief-Mufti of Darul Ifta Leicester.
Abdolhamid Ismaeelzahi, Iraninan Sunni Scholar who is regarded as a "spiritual leader for Iran’s Sunni Muslim population".
Yasir Nadeem al Wajidi, Chicago-based Indian Scholar and the founder of Darul Uloom Online.
Legacy
Deoband Institute of Islamic Thought
The Deoband Institute of Islamic Thought (DIIT) is an educational institution dedicated to the scholarly examination of the Deobandi movement. Established in 2012 in Deoband, Saharanpur, Uttar Pradesh, India, its fundamental objective is to disseminate the thoughts and literary contributions of Deobandi scholars to the Islamic, Arab, and Western communities. Through its academic endeavors, DIIT strives to foster understanding and facilitate intellectual dialogue surrounding Deobandi Islamic Thought, as well as the field of Islamic Banking and Finance. A publication of the institute is the Islamic Literature Review, a biannual research journal published in both Arabic and English. This journal serves as a platform for scholarly research and the exchange of ideas. However, it has now been succeeded by the Deoband Journal of Islamic Thought.
DIIT offers a range of educational programs catering to the diverse needs of its students. These programs encompass certificate courses, diploma programs, vocational education, post-graduate studies, and research opportunities focused on Deobandi Islamic Thought. Moreover, the institute has expanded its academic purview to include specialized courses in Islamic Banking and Finance, thereby contributing to the development of expertise in this field.
Prominent scholars affiliated with DIIT play pivotal roles in the institute's academic pursuits. Atif Suhail Siddiqui, holding a Ph.D. from International Islamic University Malaysia and a Yale University Fellowship, serves as the president of the institute. Meanwhile, Anwar Khan Qasmi, who completed an M.A. in English at Maulana Azad National Urdu University and Takhassus Fi-al Hadith at Darul Uloom Deoband, assumes the position of vice president. Yasir Nadeem al Wajidi, with a Ph.D. from International Islamic University Malaysia and an M.A. in Arabic Language and Literature from American Open University, holds the role of director. Additionally, Syed Kamran Razvi, a lecturer specializing in Islamic Finance and its legal aspects, has acquired his B.A. and L.L.B. degrees from the Delhi University and Jamia Millia Islamia, respectively. Mohammad Meekail Tabish Qasmi, another lecturer, specializes in Arabic Literature and has completed his B.A., M.A., and B.Ed. degrees at Jamia Millia Islamia.
DIIT provides three categories of courses to cater to the diverse needs of its students: Fees Based Courses, Scholarship-based Courses, and Fees Waived Courses. Fees Based Courses encompass a Certificate Course in Islamic Banking and Finance, a 1-Year Diploma in Islamic Thought, Vocational Education programs, and a 6-month Research Training program designed specifically for young scholars pursuing studies in Islamic and religious disciplines.
The publication endeavors of DIIT are primarily managed by the Centre for Research and Translations Pvt. Ltd. This entity is responsible for publishing refereed journals, periodicals, books, and other scholarly works. While authors and researchers associated with DIIT have the freedom to publish their independent research with other publishers, all works generated within the institute can be acquired through the Centre for Research and Translations Pvt. Ltd.
Works about Deobandism
Islamic Revival in British India: Deoband, 1860-1900
Revival from Below: The Deoband Movement and Global Islam
The Deoband School And The Demand For Pakistan
See also
Index of Deobandi movement–related articles
References
General citations
Bibliography
Deobandi movement
Hanafis
Maturidis
Islam in India
Islam in Pakistan
Sunni Islamic movements
Sunni Islamic branches
1866 establishments in India
State ideologies |
Béatrice d'Hirson (fl. 14th century) was a lady-in-waiting to the French noblewoman Mahaut, Countess of Artois.
Family
Béatrice's sister Mathilde (or Mahaut) d'Hirson was also a lady-in-waiting to the Countess.
Béatrice's uncles were as follows:
Thierry Larchier d'Hirson, Bishop of Arras
Denis d'Hirson, treasurer to the Countess of Artois, then lord of Arras
Guillaume d'Hirson, bailiff of Arras
Pierre d'Hirson, attendant to the Countess of Artois
In fiction
Although an obscure historical figure, Béatrice is an important character in Maurice Druon's series of French historical novels, Les Rois maudits (The Accursed Kings). In the novels, she practices witchcraft and is adept with poisons. Les Rois maudits was adapted into two French television miniseries in 1972 and 2005, and Béatrice was played by Catherine Rouvel in the 1972, and by Jeanne Balibar in 2005.
References
14th-century French people
French ladies-in-waiting
14th-century French women |
The 2007 Black Reel Awards, which annually recognize and celebrate the achievements of black people in feature, independent and television films, took place in Washington, D.C., on February 7, 2007. Dreamgirls was the bigger winner of the evening, taking home six awards, with Walkout taking home five awards.
Winners and nominees
Winners are listed first and highlighted in bold.
References
2007 in American cinema
2007 awards in the United States
Black Reel Awards
2006 film awards |
"I Got a Man" is a song by American hip hop rapper Positive K. It was released in December 1992 as the first single from his debut album The Skills Dat Pay Da Bills.
Creation of the song
The song features spoken word dialog between a man and woman character, in which the man repeatedly asks the woman out and she continually rebuffs his advances by pointing out she is already in a relationship.
In creating the song, Positive K provided not only the man's dialogue but also the woman's dialogue by raising the pitch of his voice using studio technology.
Release
The single peaked at number 14 on the US Billboard Hot 100 on the chart week of March 20, 1993, making it the rapper's only Top 40 hit. It sold over 500,000 copies and was certified gold by the Recording Industry Association of America.
Music video
There were two music videos for "I Got a Man". The first version was directed by Hype Williams, while the second version was directed by Jeff Byrd.
Samples
The music samples the following:
the 1980 disco single "Rescue Me" by A Taste of Honey
the song "Spread Love" by the a cappella group Take 6
the song "High Power Rap" by the rap group Crash Crew
the electric guitar riff from "Mama Used To Say" by Junior
the horn from "Get Up and Dance" by Freedom
The spoken intro of the song ("How can the same shit happen to the same guy twice?") is sampled from the 1990 film Die Hard 2 in which John McClane (played by Bruce Willis) complains about his bad luck.
the song "Kuff" by dancehall artist Shelly Thunder
Tributes to the song
In 1999, Chanté Moore and Jermaine Dupri used an interpolation of the song on their remix of "Chanté's Got a Man".
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
1992 debut singles
1992 songs
Island Records singles |
Jung-soon, also spelled Jong-sun or Jeong-soon, is a Korean feminine given name. Its meaning depends on the hanja used to write each syllable of the name. There are 75 hanja with the reading "jung" and 31 hanja with the reading "soon" on the South Korean government's official list of hanja which may be registered for use in given names. According to South Korean government data, Jung-soon was the ninth-most popular name for newborn girls in Korea in 1945. It was the only one of the top ten names for girls not ending in "ja".
People with this name include:
Yang Jeong-soon, South Korean tennis player, bronze medalist in Tennis at the 1966 Asian Games
Song Jong-sun (born 1981), North Korean football defender
See also
List of Korean given names
References
Korean feminine given names
Feminine given names |
Devils in Heaven are an Australian rock band. Formed in Launceston, Tasmania, in 1986 as Dinner Time, the band changed their name when they first left Tasmania to tour in 1989. They moved to Sydney in 1991 and they won the national talent TV show Star Search, winning a record contract. That contract saw the release of their debut single "Say a Prayer (One Departed)" which appeared on the ARIA singles chart. They followed it up with a single "Liberation", in 1993 and broke up soon after.
Career
Devils in Heaven started out as a school covers band in Launceston, Tasmania during the mid-1980’s. After a couple of years of gigging around Tasmania, the boys left their comfy confines in March 1989 and joined the thriving Northern Queensland circuit of touring bands. It was a baptism by fire, but the boys learned to adapt to different type of audiences and built up their stamina and resilience through the constant playing.
It was on this circuit that they were discovered by a band manager, who introduced them to the flourishing Sydney music scene. Here in Sydney is where the industry heavyweights became aware of the band, who by now were playing their own original music for about half of their shows. The band began recording demo recordings, but their demos didn’t seem to land on the right music executives’ desks.
In 1991, the band accepted an offer to appear on the nationally televised talent show, Star Search. The band went on to appear a total of eight times, eventually winning the band section of the Grand Final. But the band didn’t strike while the iron was hot. Instead, their debut single, Say a Prayer (One Departed), was released six months later. By then, the hype surrounding their Star Search win had somewhat subsided. At this time in April 1992, the music landscape was starting to change with the likes of Nirvana and the grunge scene taking over the airwaves.
After the lack of support for their debut single, the Devils decided on having a last-ditch effort into cracking the big time by recording "Liberation" in USA. The band had become cynical and tired by this time and decided their fate would rely on the success or lack of success of their E.P. Liberation. Unfortunately, Liberation didn’t even make an indentation on the charts, and the boys decided to part ways in October 1993. Now that almost thirty years have passed, their music helps keep the band living on.
Members
David Whitney – vocals, guitar
Matt Shield – bass guitar
Nelson Tabe – keyboards
Phil Crothers – drums
Previous members
David Cheung – keyboards (in Dinner Time)
Richard Rossi – piano (in Dinner Time)
Discography
Albums
Singles
References
Australian rock music groups
Tasmanian musical groups |
```c
/* Generated by Snowball 2.1.0 - path_to_url */
#include "../runtime/header.h"
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
extern int norwegian_UTF_8_stem(struct SN_env * z);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
static int r_other_suffix(struct SN_env * z);
static int r_consonant_pair(struct SN_env * z);
static int r_main_suffix(struct SN_env * z);
static int r_mark_regions(struct SN_env * z);
#ifdef __cplusplus
extern "C" {
#endif
extern struct SN_env * norwegian_UTF_8_create_env(void);
extern void norwegian_UTF_8_close_env(struct SN_env * z);
#ifdef __cplusplus
}
#endif
static const symbol s_0_0[1] = { 'a' };
static const symbol s_0_1[1] = { 'e' };
static const symbol s_0_2[3] = { 'e', 'd', 'e' };
static const symbol s_0_3[4] = { 'a', 'n', 'd', 'e' };
static const symbol s_0_4[4] = { 'e', 'n', 'd', 'e' };
static const symbol s_0_5[3] = { 'a', 'n', 'e' };
static const symbol s_0_6[3] = { 'e', 'n', 'e' };
static const symbol s_0_7[6] = { 'h', 'e', 't', 'e', 'n', 'e' };
static const symbol s_0_8[4] = { 'e', 'r', 't', 'e' };
static const symbol s_0_9[2] = { 'e', 'n' };
static const symbol s_0_10[5] = { 'h', 'e', 't', 'e', 'n' };
static const symbol s_0_11[2] = { 'a', 'r' };
static const symbol s_0_12[2] = { 'e', 'r' };
static const symbol s_0_13[5] = { 'h', 'e', 't', 'e', 'r' };
static const symbol s_0_14[1] = { 's' };
static const symbol s_0_15[2] = { 'a', 's' };
static const symbol s_0_16[2] = { 'e', 's' };
static const symbol s_0_17[4] = { 'e', 'd', 'e', 's' };
static const symbol s_0_18[5] = { 'e', 'n', 'd', 'e', 's' };
static const symbol s_0_19[4] = { 'e', 'n', 'e', 's' };
static const symbol s_0_20[7] = { 'h', 'e', 't', 'e', 'n', 'e', 's' };
static const symbol s_0_21[3] = { 'e', 'n', 's' };
static const symbol s_0_22[6] = { 'h', 'e', 't', 'e', 'n', 's' };
static const symbol s_0_23[3] = { 'e', 'r', 's' };
static const symbol s_0_24[3] = { 'e', 't', 's' };
static const symbol s_0_25[2] = { 'e', 't' };
static const symbol s_0_26[3] = { 'h', 'e', 't' };
static const symbol s_0_27[3] = { 'e', 'r', 't' };
static const symbol s_0_28[3] = { 'a', 's', 't' };
static const struct among a_0[29] =
{
{ 1, s_0_0, -1, 1, 0},
{ 1, s_0_1, -1, 1, 0},
{ 3, s_0_2, 1, 1, 0},
{ 4, s_0_3, 1, 1, 0},
{ 4, s_0_4, 1, 1, 0},
{ 3, s_0_5, 1, 1, 0},
{ 3, s_0_6, 1, 1, 0},
{ 6, s_0_7, 6, 1, 0},
{ 4, s_0_8, 1, 3, 0},
{ 2, s_0_9, -1, 1, 0},
{ 5, s_0_10, 9, 1, 0},
{ 2, s_0_11, -1, 1, 0},
{ 2, s_0_12, -1, 1, 0},
{ 5, s_0_13, 12, 1, 0},
{ 1, s_0_14, -1, 2, 0},
{ 2, s_0_15, 14, 1, 0},
{ 2, s_0_16, 14, 1, 0},
{ 4, s_0_17, 16, 1, 0},
{ 5, s_0_18, 16, 1, 0},
{ 4, s_0_19, 16, 1, 0},
{ 7, s_0_20, 19, 1, 0},
{ 3, s_0_21, 14, 1, 0},
{ 6, s_0_22, 21, 1, 0},
{ 3, s_0_23, 14, 1, 0},
{ 3, s_0_24, 14, 1, 0},
{ 2, s_0_25, -1, 1, 0},
{ 3, s_0_26, 25, 1, 0},
{ 3, s_0_27, -1, 3, 0},
{ 3, s_0_28, -1, 1, 0}
};
static const symbol s_1_0[2] = { 'd', 't' };
static const symbol s_1_1[2] = { 'v', 't' };
static const struct among a_1[2] =
{
{ 2, s_1_0, -1, -1, 0},
{ 2, s_1_1, -1, -1, 0}
};
static const symbol s_2_0[3] = { 'l', 'e', 'g' };
static const symbol s_2_1[4] = { 'e', 'l', 'e', 'g' };
static const symbol s_2_2[2] = { 'i', 'g' };
static const symbol s_2_3[3] = { 'e', 'i', 'g' };
static const symbol s_2_4[3] = { 'l', 'i', 'g' };
static const symbol s_2_5[4] = { 'e', 'l', 'i', 'g' };
static const symbol s_2_6[3] = { 'e', 'l', 's' };
static const symbol s_2_7[3] = { 'l', 'o', 'v' };
static const symbol s_2_8[4] = { 'e', 'l', 'o', 'v' };
static const symbol s_2_9[4] = { 's', 'l', 'o', 'v' };
static const symbol s_2_10[7] = { 'h', 'e', 't', 's', 'l', 'o', 'v' };
static const struct among a_2[11] =
{
{ 3, s_2_0, -1, 1, 0},
{ 4, s_2_1, 0, 1, 0},
{ 2, s_2_2, -1, 1, 0},
{ 3, s_2_3, 2, 1, 0},
{ 3, s_2_4, 2, 1, 0},
{ 4, s_2_5, 4, 1, 0},
{ 3, s_2_6, -1, 1, 0},
{ 3, s_2_7, -1, 1, 0},
{ 4, s_2_8, 7, 1, 0},
{ 4, s_2_9, 7, 1, 0},
{ 7, s_2_10, 9, 1, 0}
};
static const unsigned char g_v[] = { 17, 65, 16, 1, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 48, 0, 128 };
static const unsigned char g_s_ending[] = { 119, 125, 149, 1 };
static const symbol s_0[] = { 'e', 'r' };
static int r_mark_regions(struct SN_env * z) {
z->I[1] = z->l;
{ int c_test1 = z->c;
{ int ret = skip_utf8(z->p, z->c, z->l, 3);
if (ret < 0) return 0;
z->c = ret;
}
z->I[0] = z->c;
z->c = c_test1;
}
if (out_grouping_U(z, g_v, 97, 248, 1) < 0) return 0;
{
int ret = in_grouping_U(z, g_v, 97, 248, 1);
if (ret < 0) return 0;
z->c += ret;
}
z->I[1] = z->c;
if (!(z->I[1] < z->I[0])) goto lab0;
z->I[1] = z->I[0];
lab0:
return 1;
}
static int r_main_suffix(struct SN_env * z) {
int among_var;
{ int mlimit1;
if (z->c < z->I[1]) return 0;
mlimit1 = z->lb; z->lb = z->I[1];
z->ket = z->c;
if (z->c <= z->lb || z->p[z->c - 1] >> 5 != 3 || !((1851426 >> (z->p[z->c - 1] & 0x1f)) & 1)) { z->lb = mlimit1; return 0; }
among_var = find_among_b(z, a_0, 29);
if (!(among_var)) { z->lb = mlimit1; return 0; }
z->bra = z->c;
z->lb = mlimit1;
}
switch (among_var) {
case 1:
{ int ret = slice_del(z);
if (ret < 0) return ret;
}
break;
case 2:
{ int m2 = z->l - z->c; (void)m2;
if (in_grouping_b_U(z, g_s_ending, 98, 122, 0)) goto lab1;
goto lab0;
lab1:
z->c = z->l - m2;
if (z->c <= z->lb || z->p[z->c - 1] != 'k') return 0;
z->c--;
if (out_grouping_b_U(z, g_v, 97, 248, 0)) return 0;
}
lab0:
{ int ret = slice_del(z);
if (ret < 0) return ret;
}
break;
case 3:
{ int ret = slice_from_s(z, 2, s_0);
if (ret < 0) return ret;
}
break;
}
return 1;
}
static int r_consonant_pair(struct SN_env * z) {
{ int m_test1 = z->l - z->c;
{ int mlimit2;
if (z->c < z->I[1]) return 0;
mlimit2 = z->lb; z->lb = z->I[1];
z->ket = z->c;
if (z->c - 1 <= z->lb || z->p[z->c - 1] != 116) { z->lb = mlimit2; return 0; }
if (!(find_among_b(z, a_1, 2))) { z->lb = mlimit2; return 0; }
z->bra = z->c;
z->lb = mlimit2;
}
z->c = z->l - m_test1;
}
{ int ret = skip_b_utf8(z->p, z->c, z->lb, 1);
if (ret < 0) return 0;
z->c = ret;
}
z->bra = z->c;
{ int ret = slice_del(z);
if (ret < 0) return ret;
}
return 1;
}
static int r_other_suffix(struct SN_env * z) {
{ int mlimit1;
if (z->c < z->I[1]) return 0;
mlimit1 = z->lb; z->lb = z->I[1];
z->ket = z->c;
if (z->c - 1 <= z->lb || z->p[z->c - 1] >> 5 != 3 || !((4718720 >> (z->p[z->c - 1] & 0x1f)) & 1)) { z->lb = mlimit1; return 0; }
if (!(find_among_b(z, a_2, 11))) { z->lb = mlimit1; return 0; }
z->bra = z->c;
z->lb = mlimit1;
}
{ int ret = slice_del(z);
if (ret < 0) return ret;
}
return 1;
}
extern int norwegian_UTF_8_stem(struct SN_env * z) {
{ int c1 = z->c;
{ int ret = r_mark_regions(z);
if (ret < 0) return ret;
}
z->c = c1;
}
z->lb = z->c; z->c = z->l;
{ int m2 = z->l - z->c; (void)m2;
{ int ret = r_main_suffix(z);
if (ret < 0) return ret;
}
z->c = z->l - m2;
}
{ int m3 = z->l - z->c; (void)m3;
{ int ret = r_consonant_pair(z);
if (ret < 0) return ret;
}
z->c = z->l - m3;
}
{ int m4 = z->l - z->c; (void)m4;
{ int ret = r_other_suffix(z);
if (ret < 0) return ret;
}
z->c = z->l - m4;
}
z->c = z->lb;
return 1;
}
extern struct SN_env * norwegian_UTF_8_create_env(void) { return SN_create_env(0, 2); }
extern void norwegian_UTF_8_close_env(struct SN_env * z) { SN_close_env(z, 0); }
``` |
There are multiple individuals named Abdul Ghaffar.
Maulvi Abdul Ghaffar (1969 – September 25, 2004) was an Afghan who was held by the United States in the Guantanamo Bay detainment camps, in Cuba. His Guantanamo Internment Serial Number was 363.
Born in 1969 in Karabagh, Ghazni Province, Shai Jahn Ghafoor was a citizen of Afghanistan. On September 9, 2001, he worked as a farmer and clay laborer in Karabakh village, Helmand Province, when he was forced by the Taliban to work as a supply driver in Taloqan to transport food supplies to frontlines in Takhar province. After the Fall of Kunduz in November 2001, he was arrested on November 26, 2001, and transported from Yarganak Pass through Mazar-i-Sharif to a prison in Sheberghan, Jowzjan. He spent nine months of detention in Guantanamo Bay Naval Base. He was released and transferred back to Afghanistan on March 23, 2003.
Maulvi Abdul Ghaffar has been cited as an example of a Guantanamo detainee who tricked their way out of imprisonment, so they could "return to the battlefield."
Vice President Dick Cheney cited Ghaffar as a justification for continuing to detain suspects at Guantanamo.
Ghaffar was captured about two months after the US Invasion of Afghanistan, and according to various accounts, he was only held by the Americans for eight months.
After his release, Ghaffar served as a leader within the Taliban.
Ghaffar was killed along with two of his men in a gun battle during a raid on the night of September 25, 2004, in the village of Pishi, Uruzgan province.
Ghaffar was believed to have been the Taliban commander for Uruzgan and Helmand provinces.
References
External links
WikiLeaks: The Unknown Prisoners of Guantánamo (Part Three of Five) Andy Worthington
Pol: Too Many Inmates Freed, Fox News, June 21, 2005
2004 deaths
Guantanamo detainees known to have been released
1969 births |
Talent Varieties is a country music talent show on American network television and radio in 1955 that featured performers hoping to achieve fame in the entertainment business.
The weekly ABC-TV program was a live half-hour summer replacement series hosted by Slim Wilson. Wilson introduced the amateur and professional talent, including music and comedy acts (many from the Ozarks); and his Tall Timber Trio, composed of Speedy Haworth (guitar), Bob White (upright bass) and Bryan "Doc" Martin (steel guitar) provided accompaniment. Auditions were handled by Bill Ring. The Westport Kids appeared July 12, and Buck Griffin appeared August 2.
The show aired on Tuesday nights from June 28–November 1. Its original time slot was 7:30–8 p.m. Eastern Time, replacing Cavalcade of America, but moved to 10–10:30 p.m. in September to briefly replace Break the Bank.
ABC Radio simulcast the program under the name Talent Round-Up from 7:30 p.m., as well as carrying an additional half-hour until 8:30.
The program originated from the Jewell Theatre in Springfield, Missouri, home to ABC's Ozark Jubilee; and was produced and directed by the Jubilee's Bryan Bisney, who took over from Ring in September.
Notes
References
.
.
Sachs, Bill "Folk Talent & Tunes" (May 28, 1955), The Billboard, p. 56
Sachs, Bill "Folk Talent & Tunes" (July 23, 1955), The Billboard, p. 93
Sachs, Bill "Folk Talent & Tunes" (October 1, 1955), The Billboard, p. 64
External links
1950s American music television series
1955 American television series debuts
1955 American television series endings
American Broadcasting Company original programming
Black-and-white American television shows
Country music television series
English-language television shows
Talent shows |
The 2008–09 Hellenic Football League season was the 56th in the history of the Hellenic Football League, a football competition in England.
Premier Division
Premier Division featured 18 clubs which competed in the division last season, along with four new clubs:
Chalfont Wasps, promoted from Division One East
Marlow United, promoted from Division One East
Old Woodstock Town, promoted from Division One West
Reading Town, transferred from the Combined Counties League
League table
Division One East
Division One East featured 15 clubs which competed in the division last season, along with three clubs:
Launton Sports, transferred from Division One West
Newbury, joined from the Reading Football League
South Kilburn, joined from the Middlesex County League
League table
Division One West
Division One West featured 15 clubs which competed in the division last season, along with two new clubs:
Hardwicke, joined from the Gloucestershire County League
Lydney Town, demoted from the Premier Division
League table
References
External links
Hellenic Football League
2008-09
9 |
"Three Men and a Comic Book" is the twenty-first and penultimate episode of the second season (and the de facto season finale) of the American animated television series The Simpsons. It originally aired on the Fox network in the United States on May 9, 1991. In the episode, Bart sees the rare first issue of Radioactive Man for sale at a comic book convention.
Unable to afford it, he convinces Martin and Milhouse to pool their money to buy the valuable comic, only to see it destroyed by their selfishness and inability to share. This episode contains the first appearance of the Android's Dungeon and its owner, Comic Book Guy, voiced by Hank Azaria.
The episode was written by Jeff Martin and directed by Wes Archer. It features cultural references to comic book characters such as Richie Rich and Casper the Friendly Ghost.
Since airing, the episode has received generally positive reviews from television critics for its use of parodies and cultural references. It acquired a Nielsen rating of 12.9, and was the highest-rated show on Fox the week it aired.
Plot
While attending a comic book convention dressed as his superhero alter ego Bartman, Bart sees the first issue of Radioactive Man for $100 at Comic Book Guy's Android's Dungeon. Since he does not have enough money to buy it, he decides to get a job. Bart performs back-breaking labor for Mrs. Glick, who gives him only fifty cents for all of his hard work, including weeding carnivorous plants, feeding Mrs Glick's cat, and scrubbing sludge off her roof.
When Bart sees Martin and Milhouse at the Android's Dungeon, attempting to buy the comic book and a Carl Yastremski baseball card respectively, he persuades them to pool their money and buy the comic book. Since none of them is willing to let the comic book out of his sight, they spend the night together in Bart's tree house. They get progressively more paranoid, and Bart grows convinced Martin and Milhouse are conspiring against him as a thunderstorm approaches.
When Martin gets up in the middle of the night to use the bathroom, Bart thinks he plans to steal the comic and ties him up. Milhouse tries to alert Marge that Bart has gone crazy, but Bart thinks he is making a move for the comic and tackles him. Milhouse falls over the side of the treehouse, but Bart catches him precariously by his sleeve. Milhouse admits to Bart he only wanted the Yastrzemski card to begin with, not the comic. When a gale of wind takes hold of the comic, Bart is forced to decide between grabbing it and rescuing Milhouse. After Bart pulls Milhouse to safety, the comic blows out the door and onto the ground, where it is shredded by Santa's Little Helper and struck by lightning. The next morning, the three boys reflect on how their inability to share the comic led to its destruction, while a bird lines its nest with a scrap from the last page.
Production
The episode was written by Jeff Martin and directed by Wes Archer. Characters making their first appearances on the show are Comic Book Guy, Mrs. Glick, Radioactive Man, Fallout Boy, and Bartman.
Although many suggestions state that Comic Book Guy was inspired by the show's creator Matt Groening, Comic Book Guy was partly inspired by a clerk at the Los Angeles Amok bookshop who, according to Simpsons writer George Meyer, often "[sat] on the high stool, kind of lording over the store with that supercilious attitude and eating behind the counter a big Styrofoam container full of fried clams with a lot of tartar sauce". Matt Groening noted: "I can't tell you how many times people have come up to me and said, 'I know who you based that comic book guy on. It's that comic-book guy right down the block.' And I have to tell them, 'No, it's comic-bookstore guy in America.'" Cast member Hank Azaria based Comic Book Guy's voice on a student who went by the name "F" and lived in the room next door at his college. According to Simpsons writer Mike Reiss, the writers "settled" on naming his store "The Android's Dungeon and Baseball Card Shop" after a late-night writing session, figuring they wouldn't see it after this episode.
Mrs. Glick was based on an old lady Martin and his brother used to do chores for when they were kids. Martin said they got to "pull weeds until [their] hands would bleed", and yet they were paid only two quarters for several hours of work. American actress Cloris Leachman provided the voice of Mrs. Glick in the episode.
The episode features a parody of The Wonder Years, in which Bart stares into the distance after realizing he has to get his first job, and an older version of Bart's voice is heard saying "I didn't realize it at the time, but a little piece of my childhood had slipped away forever." Daniel Stern guest starred as the voice of the adult Bart, just like he did for the adult voice of the character Kevin in the television show The Wonder Years (he had also featured with Yeardley Smith in the movie City Slickers around the time this episode was produced). Reiss stated Stern was a "pleasure" to work with, and it took him only a few minutes to record his lines. Stern's younger brother David M. Stern worked as a writer on both The Simpsons and The Wonder Years, so he helped the writers get the idioms and the wording of the parody right.
When a rerun of this episode aired in 1992, a brief tribute to The Cosby Show aired following the end credits. The Cosby Show ended on April 30, 1992, and the tribute featured Bart and Homer discussing the quality of the show, and its importance to Bill Cosby.
Cultural references
At the beginning of the episode, Lisa reveals that she collects Casper the Friendly Ghost and Richie Rich comics, and Homer makes reference to Wonder Woman. Radioactive Man's origin is nearly identical to the Marvel Comics character The Incredible Hulk, as they each had gained superpowers from absorbing massive amounts of gamma radiation during an experiment. The warning from the convention MC not to ask questions about the death of Radioactive Man's actor Dirk Richter is a reference to the mysterious death of Superman's actor George Reeves, although the addition of bordello could also be a reference to the unsolved 1978 murder of Bob Crane.
When Bart asks Homer for money to buy the comic book, Homer replies: "One hundred bucks? For a comic book?! Who drew it, Micha-ma-langelo?" This is a reference to the Italian painter and sculptor Michelangelo, whose name Homer cannot pronounce. Bart's inner monologue in the diner scene is a parody of the narration in the coming-of-age comedy-drama series The Wonder Years and was voiced by Wonder Years actor Daniel Stern.
Milhouse initially goes into the comic store to buy a 1973 Topps card of the former Boston Red Sox player, Carl Yastrzemski, "when he had the big sideburns". When the boys first unwrap the comic book, Martin describes it as "[T]he stuff dreams are made of", which is how Bogart's character describes the Maltese Falcon at the end of the movie, The Maltese Falcon. The Radioactive Man commercial for Laramie cigarettes is a takeoff on The Flintstones characters' starring in Winston commercials in the 1960s. When Bart begs Mrs. Glick not to apply iodine to his wounded arm, she grabs his arm and the scene shifts to their silhouettes as Bart screams, mirroring a scene in the 1939 film Gone with the Wind. The accusation and suspicion that grows between the boys is similar to the plot of the film The Treasure of the Sierra Madre.
When Martin makes a squealing noise while falling in the treehouse, Bart calls him "Piggy" and threatens to stuff an apple into his mouth, resembling a similar quote from the book Lord of the Flies (1954), by William Golding. Bart trying to save Milhouse from falling from the treehouse is a reference to a scene in the film from Alfred Hitchcock from 1942, Saboteur. The title of the episode is a reference to the 1987 comedy film Three Men and a Baby in which three men have to take delicate care of a baby.
Reception
In its original broadcast, "Three Men and a Comic Book" finished twenty-third in the ratings for the week of May 6–12, 1991, with a Nielsen rating of 12.9, equivalent to twelve million viewing households. The episode was the highest-rated show on Fox that week. It was the first time The Simpsons beat The Cosby Show in the ratings.
Since airing, the episode has received mostly positive reviews from television critics. DVD Movie Guide's Colin Jacobson lauded it for its use of new characters, commenting that "of all season two's Bart-focused episodes, only 'Bart the Daredevil' offers competition with 'Comic' as the best of the bunch. It's a tough call, but I'll take 'Comic' in a squeaker. The show melds the series' deft satirical tone with exceptional character development. Bart seems to grow especially strongly, and his psychological meltdown in the third act is hilarious."
"Three Men and a Comic Book" was named the best episode of the season by IGN. The authors of the book I Can't Believe It's a Bigger and Better Updated Unofficial Simpsons Guide, Warren Martyn and Adrian Wood, commented that unless you have a "passing understanding of comic books and their buyers' behaviour, some of the jokes will pass you by". Doug Pratt, a DVD reviewer and Rolling Stone contributor, criticized the episode for not being inspired enough, and added that the Wonder Years parody "seems pointless". "Three Men and a Comic Book" is Bryce Wilson of Cinema Blend's favorite episode of the season. Wilson praised the episode for its cultural references, calling them "true greatness".
Surrey Now'''s Michael Roberds praised the Treasure of the Sierra Madre parody, saying it is "one of the more clever film parodies hidden within a typical Simpsons plot".
Colin Kennedy of Empire called the Treasure of the Sierra Madre parody the ninth-best film parody of the show, commenting that "Bart turns [into] a perfect Bogart – grizzled, paranoid and sleep-deprived. With lighting and camera angles half inched from Huston, this priceless gag is joyfully pitched over the heads of 90 percent of the audience." The episode's reference to Saboteur was named the 25th greatest film reference in the history of the show by Total Film'''s Nathan Ditum.
References
External links
1991 American television episodes
The Simpsons (season 2) episodes
Television episodes about comics
it:Episodi de I Simpson (seconda stagione)#Tre uomini e un fumetto |
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