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Wola Jasienicka is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Jasienica Rosielna, within Brzozów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately west of Jasienica Rosielna, north-west of Brzozów, and south of the regional capital Rzeszów. References Wola Jasienicka
One More Goodnight Kiss is an album by folk singer/guitarist Greg Brown, released in 1988. This release contains one of Brown's more well-known songs, "Canned Goods", a song dedicated to his grandmother. Reception Writing for Allmusic, music critic Vik Iyengar called the album "Singer/songwriter Greg Brown delivers his first classic on his fourth studio album, One More Goodnight Kiss, where he uses a keen observer's eye and his acoustic guitar to conjure up vivid images from his idyllic childhood... This is a great introduction to his early catalog and the birth of an important contemporary folk artist." Track listing All song by Greg Brown. "One More Goodnight Kiss" – 5:15 "Say a Little Prayer" – 3:39 "Mississippi Moon" – 4:39 "Cheapest Kind" – 5:50 "Canned Goods" – 4:08 "I Can't Get Used to It" – 4:02 "Rooty Toot Toot for the Moon" – 3:33 "Walking Down to Casey's" – 5:06 "Speed Trap Boogie" – 3:53 "Our Little Town" – 3:46 "Wash My Eyes" – 2:37 "Cronies" – 2:54 "It Gets Lonely in a Small Town" – 4:47 "I Wish I Was a Painter" – 4:19 Personnel Greg Brown – vocals, guitar Peter Ostroushko – violin Marc Anderson – percussion Pat Donohue – guitar John Angus Foster – bass Dan Lund – guitar Radoslav Lorković – keyboards Steve Pikal – trombone Production Produced by Greg Brown and Bob Feldman Engineered and mixed by Tom Mudge Photography by Radoslav Lorković Artwork and design by George Ostroushko References Greg Brown (folk musician) albums 1988 albums Red House Records albums
The Plaza Bolívar is a square in Valencia, Venezuela. It occupies a central site, and is used for public meetings. Its origin was in the colonial period, when the city was laid out on a grid plan.(see note) Some buildings in the vicinity, such as the Cathedral date from the colonial period. The square was renamed after Simón Bolívar in the 19th century as a consequence of Venezuela's independence. The centrepiece of the square is a monumental column. Inaugurated in 1889, the column commemorates Bolívar and specifically his victory at the battle of Carabobo in 1821. History In the 1880s, when Valencia's monument to Bolivar was constructed, Venezuela was an agricultural country. Despite having large amounts of iron ore, the country lacked industrial iron-making capacity. Antonio Guzmán Blanco, three times president of Venezuela, implemented plans to modernize infrastructure. His projects, which have been described as megalomaniac, had a strong impact on Valencia, the second city of the Republic. He gave a concession to a British company to build a railway between Valencia and the coast at Puerto Cabello. The Valencia terminus was at , 3 km from the city center, and plans were made for a tramway (initially horse-drawn) to the Plaza Bolívar. Guzman Blanco also approved a railway from Valencia to Caracas, the Great Venezuela Railway, built by a German company. The Valencia terminus was at San Blas, relatively near the city center. In 1887 the president decided to enhance the Plaza Bolívar of Valencia. The main feature is a marble column (called a monolito in Spanish) surmounted by a bronze statue of Bolívar. The monument was part of a national programme of promoting the memory of Bolívar begun in the 1870s, when, for example, Guzmán Blanco commissioned an equestrian statue for the Plaza Bolivar of Caracas and adopted the bolívar as the currency of Venezuela. Work on the column was endorsed by General Hermógenes López, governor of Carabobo State, who succeeded Guzmán Blanco as president of Venezuela during a transition period in 1887/1888. It was inaugurated under a third president, Juan Pablo Rojas Paúl on Carabobo Day 1889. Design The project was under the direction of the architect Antonio Malaussena (1853–1919). Malaussena later designed Valencia's municipal theatre (inaugurated in 1894) in Napoleon III style. The sculptor Rafael de la Cova, who studied in Europe in the 1870s, is credited with bas-reliefs depicting the battle of Carabobo at the base of the monument. Imagery The statue depicts Bolivar pointing south-west towards the battlefield of Carabobo, his famous victory of 1821 in the Venezuelan War of Independence. The pedestal of the monument is adorned with the shield of the State of Carabobo and three bas-reliefs depicting scenes from the battle: Bolívar directing his troops the British Legion (volunteer troops who fought under Bolivar) At the corners of the pedestal are Andean condors. Conservation The monument is officially protected, but in 2018 El Carabobeño reported that ornamental metal-work had been removed from the structure. Notes 1. In 1573, King Philip II of Spain compiled the Laws of the Indies to guide the construction and administration of colonial communities. The Laws specified a square or rectangular central plaza with eight principal streets running from the plaza's corners. Hundreds of grid-plan communities throughout the Americas were established according to this pattern, echoing the practices of earlier Indian civilizations. References External links Restoration project. Instituto de Desarrollo Urbano del Centro de Valencia Buildings and structures in Valencia, Venezuela Monumental columns Monuments and memorials in Venezuela Monuments to Simón Bolívar Neoclassical architecture in Venezuela Statues of Simón Bolívar in Venezuela Outdoor sculptures in Venezuela Squares in Venezuela
North Carolina elected its members August 12, 1819, after the new congress began but before the first session convened. See also 1818 and 1819 United States House of Representatives elections List of United States representatives from North Carolina Notes 1819 North Carolina United States House of Representatives
Yevhen Rudakov club () is an unofficial list of Soviet and Ukrainian football goalkeepers that have achieved 100 or more clean sheets during their professional career in top Soviet and Ukrainian league, cup, European cups, national team and foreign league and cup. This club is named after the first Soviet (Ukrainian) goalkeeper to achieve 100 clean sheets - Yevhen Rudakov. Which clean sheets are counted Traditionally, counted goals and clean sheets in the following matches: UL - goals scored in top leagues of Ukrainian football competitions. UC - goals in Ukrainian Cup and Supercup scored in the stages where top league teams participate. EC - goals scored in European Champion Clubs Cup, UEFA Champions League, UEFA Europa League, UEFA Cup, Cup Winners Cup and Intertoto Cup for both home and foreign clubs. NT - goals scored for national and olympic teams of Ukraine, USSR, CIS in the official matches. SL - goals scored in top leagues of Soviet football competitions.. SC - goals in Soviet Cup and Supercup scored in the stages where top league teams participate. FL - goals scored in top leagues of foreign football competitions: Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Italy, Israel, Japan, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Scotland, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Sweden, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, United States, Uzbekistan FC - goals in foreign Cup and Supercup scored in the stages where top league teams participate: Argentina, Armenia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, England, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Moldova, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russia, Serbia, Scotland, Slovakia, Slovenia, South Korea, Sweden, Spain, Switzerland, Turkey, United States, Uzbekistan Yevhen Rudakov Club As of June 22, 2015 Players still playing are shown in bold. Candidates These players may become members of Oleh Blokhin club soon: Players still playing are shown in bold. See also Oleh Blokhin club Serhiy Rebrov club Timerlan Huseinov club Lev Yashin club Grigory Fedotov club References Yevhen Rudakov club Ukrainian football trophies and awards Lists of men's association football players Men's association football goalkeepers Association football player non-biographical articles
Duban is a crater in the northern hemisphere of Saturn's moon Enceladus. Duban was first seen in Voyager 2 images, though the crater has also been seen in much higher resolution Cassini images. It is located at and is 19 kilometers across. In the Cassini image, evidence for significant tectonic deformation can be seen along the northwest rim of the crater. Duban is named after a sage who cured King Yunan of leprosy in Arabian Nights. References Impact craters on Enceladus
The M-drop is a defensive scheme in the sport of water polo which is mainly used when the offensive team has a strong center or the center defender has lost position. The defense sets up in an M-shape, hence the name "M-Drop". A typical scheme on offense resembles a "U" shape, with five offensive players in a half-circle around the goal, with one defensive player matching up with each of them. The sixth offensive player, known as the "center" or "set" plays in front of the goal. From left to right, and moving around the circle, the offensive players are named 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and the set is 6. The defensive players are named D1, D2, D3, D4, D5, and D6, who guards the set. Typically, centers play with their back to the goal. Center defenders attempt to "front" the offensive player by working for position and placing their body between the center and the rest of the offense. If the offensive team has a very strong set player or the center defender has lost position, the player guarding at 3 will drop back and help the center defender in order to deter a possible pass in to the center. This play leaves the offensive player 3 open, so defensive members D2 and D4 will “split” while swimming in between their player and offensive player 3. They also split in between the set and their player, hence the name M-drop, from the ‘M’ shape created. See also Water polo Water polo strategy Water polo terminology
The SAT Subject Test in Physics, Physics SAT II, or simply the Physics SAT, was a one-hour multiple choice test on physics administered by the College Board in the United States. A high school student generally chose to take the test to fulfill college entrance requirements for the schools at which the student was planning to apply. Until 1994, the SAT Subject Tests were known as Achievement Tests; until January 2005, they were known as SAT IIs; they are still well known by this name. The material tested on the Physics SAT was supposed to be equivalent to that taught in a junior- or senior-level high school physics class. It required critical thinking and test-taking strategies, at which high school freshmen or sophomores may have been inexperienced. The Physics SAT tested more than what normal state requirements were; therefore, many students prepared for the Physics SAT using a preparatory book or by taking an AP course in physics. On January 19 2021, the College Board discontinued all SAT Subject tests, including the SAT Subject Test in Physics. This was effective immediately in the United States, and the tests were to be phased out by the following summer for international students. This was done as a response to changes in college admissions due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education. Format The SAT Subject Test in Physics had 75 questions and consisted of two parts: Part A and Part B. Part A: First 12 or 13 questions 4 groups of two to four questions each The questions within any one group all relate to a single situation. Five possible answer choices are given before the question. An answer choice can be used once, more than once, or not at all in each group. Part B: Last 62 or 63 questions Each question has five possible answer choice with one correct answer. Some questions may be in groups of two or three. Topics Scoring The test had 75 multiple choice questions that were to be answered in one hour. All questions had five answer choices. Students received 1 point for every correct answer, lost ¼ of a point for each incorrect answer, and received 0 points for questions left blank. This score was then converted to a scaled score of 200–800. The mean score for the 2006–07 test administrations was 643 with a standard deviation of 107. Sample percentile ranks for the 2008 administrations are available from the College Board. Preparation The College Board's recommended preparation was a one-year college preparatory course in physics, a one-year course in algebra and trigonometry, and experience in the laboratory. Resources Students taking the SAT Subject Test in Physics were prohibited from using any resources during the test, including textbooks, notes, or formula sheets. Although there were mathematics questions including trigonometry, the use of a calculator was not allowed. All scratch work was required to have been done directly in the test booklet. See also SAT SAT Subject Tests PSAT/NMSQT External links College Board on the SAT Subject Test in Physics References Physics education Physics Standardized tests
The Taipei Metro Houshanpi station is a station on the Bannan line located on the border of the Xinyi and Nangang districts, Taipei, Taiwan. It opened for service on 30 December 2000, as part of an eastern extension to Kunyang. Station overview The two-level, underground station and has one island platform and four exits. It is located beneath Zhongxiao East Rd. Station layout Exits Exit 1: Zhongpo N. Rd. Exit 2: Yucheng Park Exit 3: Zhongxiao Hospital Exit 4: Yongji Rd. Around the station Wufenpu Taipei City Hospital Yucheng Park Youde High School Chengde Elementary School (between this station and Kunyang station) Chengde Junior High School Yongchun Elementary School (between this station and Yongchun station) Yongji Elementary School Raohe Street Night Market References Bannan line stations Railway stations opened in 2000 Railway stations in Taiwan opened in the 2000s
Fu Zhifang (; born October 1956) is a Chinese politician from Nanyang, Henan. He was an alternate member of the 17th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party and was once the mayor of Kaifeng and Baoding. He was later Chairman of the Hebei Provincial CPPCC Committee. Biography Fu majored in history at Henan University and joined the Chinese Communist Party in June 1982. Between 1982 and 1986, he held various prefecture-level posts and graduated from the Henan Provincial CCP School. He was appointed as the prefecture secretary for Lushi County in November 1987. By March 1990, he was both the county's secretary and mayor. Amidst his political career, he attained his master's degree Tianjin University in September 1996. He was the mayor and party secretary of Kaifeng from July 1997 to December 1998. Fu was transferred to Baoding as the party secretary and mayor for the city in December 1998. In August 2010, he was made deputy secretary of Hebei. In January 2012, he was made the CPPCC Chair in Hebei Province. Fu was an alternate member of the 17th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party. References 1956 births Deputy Communist Party secretaries of Hebei Vice-governors of Hebei Alternate members of the 17th Central Committee of the Chinese Communist Party Politicians from Nanyang, Henan Living people Chairmen of the CPPCC Hebei Committee Delegates to the 9th National People's Congress Delegates to the 11th National People's Congress
Azamgarh is a city in the Indian state of Uttar Pradesh. It is the headquarters of Azamgarh division, which consists of Ballia, Mau and Azamgarh districts. Azamgarh is situated on the bank of Tamsa River (Tons). It is located east of the state capital Lucknow and 809 km from national capital, Delhi. History Azamgarh, one of the easternmost districts(a district in Purvanchal sub-region) of Uttar Pradesh, once formed a part of the ancient Kosala kingdom, except its north-eastern part. Azamgarh is also known as the land of the sage Durvasa whose ashram was located in Phulpur tehsil, near the confluence of Tamsa and Majhuee rivers, north of the Phulpur. The district is named after its headquarters town, Azamgarh, which was founded in 1665 by Azam, son of Vikramajit. Vikramajit was a descendant of Gautam Rajputs of Mehnagar in Pargana Nizamabad who like some of his predecessors had embraced the faith of Islam. He had a Muslim wife who bore him two sons Azam and Azmat. While Azam gave his name to the town of Azamgarh, and the fort, Azmat constructed the fort and settled the bazaar of Azmatgarh pargana Sagri. After the attack of Chabile Ram, Azmat Khan fled northwards followed by the interior forces. He attempted to cross the Ghaghra into Gorakhpur, but the people on the other side opposed his landing, and he was either shot in mid stream or was drowned in attempting to escape by swimming. In 1688 A.D. during Azmat's lifetime, his eldest son Ekram took part in the management of the state, and after Azam's death he was perhaps left in possession together with Mohhabat, another son. The remaining two sons were taken away and for a time detained as hostages for their brothers' 'good behaviour'. The successor of Ikram finally confirmed the title of his family to the Jamidari. Ikram left no heirs and was succeeded by Iradat, son of Mohhabat. But the real ruler all along had been Mohhabat, and after Ikram's death, he continued to rule in his son's name. Geography Azamgarh has an average elevation of 64 metres (209 feet). The district consists of a series of parallel ridges, whose summits are depressed into beds or hollows, along which the rivers flow; while between the ridges are low-lying rice lands, interspersed with numerous natural reservoirs. The soil is fertile, and very highly cultivated, bearing good crops of rice, sugarcane, and wheat and orchards of mango and guava. Maize, gram, corn, mustard are other major crops Climate Azamgarh experiences a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification Cwa) with large variations between summer and winter temperatures. Summers are long, from early April to October with intervening monsoon seasons, and are also extremely hot, even by South Asian standards. The temperature ranges between in the summers. Winters in Azamgarh see very large diurnal variations, with warm days and downright cold nights. Cold waves from the Himalayan region cause temperatures to dip across the city in the winter from December to February and temperatures below are not uncommon. The average annual rainfall is . Fog is common in the winters, while hot dry winds, called loo, blow in the summers. In recent years, the water level of the Tamsa has decreased significantly. Demographics As per the 2011 census, Azamgarh urban agglomeration had a population of 110,983, out of which males were 57,878, and females were 53,105. Literacy The average literacy rate of Azamgarh town in 2011 was 70.93%, compared to 56.95% in 2001. Male and female literacy were 81.34% and 60.91% respectively. For the 2001 census, In Azamgarh district. the corresponding figures were 71.04% and 43.40%. Religion Languages At the time of the 2011 Census of India, 45.22% of the population recorded Hindi as their first language, while 37.46% recorded Bhojpuri and 16.99% Urdu. Transport Road Azamgarh is connected with Lucknow and Delhi by road. It has one of the biggest bus depots in eastern Uttar Pradesh and regular bus services to almost all district headquarters of Uttar Pradesh and also to Delhi. Train Azamgarh station is one of the most important of eastern Uttar Pradesh. Azamgarh is directly connected to Delhi by Kaifiyat Express, to Mumbai by Mumbai LTT – Azamgarh Weekly Express, Godaan express, to Ahmedabad, the state capital Lucknow, Jaipur, Ajmer, and Amritsar, to Kolkata by KOAA AMH Express (13137). Air Azamgarh has a new airport Azamgarh Airport, away. The airport is under construction and not yet open. Education Azamgarh has a number of educational institutions ranging from basic educational institutions to the higher institution. There are a number of ITIs, Polytechnics, Nursing Schools, and medical college. Notable institutions include: Azamgarh State University, established in 2019 Government Medical College and Super Facility Hospital, Azamgarh is a state medical college located at Chakrapanpur, Azamgarh. Rajkiya Engineering College, Azamgarh is a government engineering college and a constituent college of Dr. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam Technical University (formerly Uttar Pradesh Technical University). Shibli National College offers graduate and postgraduate courses in Azamgarh. Its well known institution established in 1883 by Shibli Nomani, an Islamic scholar from Indian subcontinent during British Raj. Media FM Voice Of Azamgarh (90.8) Community Radio. Air Vividh Bharti (102.2) which Broadcast from Azamgarh City & Covers Bilariaganj city too. Half Lemon Radio (90.4) Ullu TV - YouTube run by Rajiv Talvar a famous youtuber Notable people Azmi is a common toponymic surname among Indian Muslims from Azamgarh. Iqbal Abdulla (born 1989), Indian cricketer Abdul Haq Azmi (1928–2016), Indian Islamic scholar, cousin-uncle of Rana Ayyub Abdul Lateef Azmi (1917–2002), Indian Urdu writer Abu Azmi (born 1955), Indian politician, MLA from Maharashtra and former Member of Rajya Sabha Ahmad Ali Barqi Azmi (born 1954), Indian Urdu poet Azizullah Azmi (1929–2010), Indian politician, MP of Lok Sabha Baba Azmi, Indian film cinematographer, husband of Tanvi Azmi Habib al-Rahman al-'Azmi (1901-1992), Indian Islamic scholar of hadith and fiqh Iliyas Azmi (born 1934), Indian politician, MP of Lok Sabha Kaifi Azmi (1919–2002) was an Indian Urdu poet, husband of Shaukat Azmi and father of Shabana Azmi Khaleel-Ur-Rehman Azmi (1927–1978), Indian Urdu poet and literary critic Mohammed Badi Uzzaman Azmi (1939–2011), British-Pakistani television and film actor Muhammad Mustafa Azmi (1930–2017), Indian Islamic scholar of hadith Mushtaq Ahmed Azmi (1919–2011), Indian adult educationist and UNESCO official Obaidullah Khan Azmi (born 1949), Indian politician, MP of Rajya Sabha Seema Azmi, Indian actress of film and stage Shahid Azmi (1977–2010), Indian human rights lawyer Shakeel Azmi (born 1971), Indian Urdu lyricist and poet Waqar Azmi (born 1970), British-Indian civil servant Shaikh Shamim Ahmed Azmi (1938–2019), former MLA and Indian National Congress leader from Mumbai Qamaruzzaman Azmi (born 1946), Indian Islamic scholar Mirza Aslam Beg (born 1931), former Chief of Army Staff of Pakistan Praveen Dubey (born 1993), Indian cricketer Amin Ahsan Islahi (1904–1997), Pakistani Islamic scholar, famous for his Urdu exegeses of Quran, Tadabbur-i-Qur'an Sadruddin Islahi (1917 - 1998) was an Indian Islamic Urdu writer and a close companion of Abul A'la Maududi. He was one of the early members of Jamat e Islami. Frank F Islam, American entrepreneur, civic leader and writer. General Trustee of the Board of Trustees of the John F. Kennedy Center for the Performing Arts in 2013 Kanhaiya Lal Misra (1903–1975), Indian lawyer and independence activist, Advocate General of Uttar Pradesh from 1952 to 1969 Saeed-ur-Rahman Azmi Nadvi (born 1934), Indian Islamic scholar Shibli Nomani (1857–1914) Indian Islamic scholar, historian, educationist and social reformer Prem Chand Pandey, Indian scientist, founder-director National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research Shaukat Hussain Rizvi, filmmaker in India and Pakistan Ahmad Salahuddin (1937-1996), Indian biochemist, Founder Director of Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit at AMU in 1984. Rahul Sankrityayan (1893–1963), Indian writer, known as the father of Hindi travelogue Amar Singh (1956–2020), Indian politician former MP Gajendra Singh, Indian television producer Prakash Singh, Indian Police Service officer, who rose to the highest rank of Director General of Police (DGP). Vinod K. Singh (born 1959), Indian chemist, director Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal, professor IIT Kanpur Iqbal Suhail (1884–1955), Indian Urdu poet Ayodhya Prasad Upadhyay (1865–1947), Indian writer, essayist, scholar, poet in Hindi Ram Naresh Yadav (1928–2016) Indian politician, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh from 1977 to 1979 Ramakant Yadav (born 1957), Indian politician, MP of Lok Sabha See also Azamgarh alcohol poisonings List of cities in Uttar Pradesh Dewait Kohanda Notes References External links Uttar Pradesh Assembly Elections Azamgarh Assembly Elections District Website Cities and towns in Azamgarh district Populated places established in 1665 1665 establishments in India Cities in Uttar Pradesh
Shrirampur taluka, is a taluka in Shrirampur subdivision of Ahmednagar district in Maharashtra State of India. Area The table below shows area of the taluka by land type. Villages There are around 56 villages in Shrirampur taluka. For list of villages see Villages in Shrirampur taluka. Belapur is one of the important place and developed village in taluka. Population The table below shows population of the taluka by sex. The data is as per 2001 census. Rain Fall The Table below details of rainfall from year 1981 to 2004. Best places to visit in ukkalgaon==See also== Shrirampur Talukas in Ahmednagar district Villages in Shrirampur taluka References Talukas in Maharashtra Cities and towns in Ahmednagar district Talukas in Ahmednagar district Shrirampur
Arthur Max Barrett, MD (28 July 1909 – 11 December 1961) was a university morbid anatomist and histologist at the University of Cambridge, and an honorary consulting pathologist to the United Cambridge Hospitals and to the East Anglian Regional Hospital Board. He wrote numerous works, often cited in medical literature. The Barrett Room at Addenbrooke's Hospital is named in his honour, as is a Prize for the undergraduate Part II Pathology Tripos at the University of Cambridge. He was the father of Syd Barrett, a founding member of the band Pink Floyd. Biography Early life Arthur Max Barrett was born in 1909 in the English town of Thaxted, in Essex to Arthur Samuel Barrett, a grocer and draper, and Alice Mary, daughter of Rev. Charles Ashford, Congregational minister at Thaxted for 19 years, and Ellen, née Garrett, who according to family tradition was a cousin of Elizabeth Garrett Anderson, although research on Syd Barrett's genealogy has not found any relation. Max Barrett had a religious family background and was educated first at the grammar school of Newport, Essex (now Newport Free Grammar School). When the family had moved to Cambridge he attended the Cambridge and County High School (now Cambridgeshire High School for Boys). Early he was interested in scouting (with the Cambridge County School Troop he became troop leader and gained a King's Scout Badge) as well as in music, aural birding and botany, which improved the expeditions with his sister Doreen for birds and flowers, and inspired his later interests in music and science. Later years Deciding on a career in medicine, in 1927 he won a State Scholarship to Cambridge University, coming up to Pembroke College in 1928. There he obtained a considerable number of awards and honours: a Major Scholarship in 1928; a Schoolbred Scholarship in 1930; a First Class place in the Natural Science Tripos Part I in 1930 and in Part II in 1931 (Part II course in Pathology was introduced in 1925 by Prof. Henry Roy Dean, with whom he first came under influence); a Foundress Scholarship in 1931; five prizes during his clinical training in the London Hospital Medical College (where he went as an entrance scholar in Pathology). He graduated MB BCh in 1934. He won a Raymond Horton-Smith Prize for his MD degree thesis in his later life (submitted in 1960) on estimating the increase in heart weight by quantifying the examination of the arteries. By use of his “undulation index” Barrett took full account of the degree of post-mortem contraction of arteries, a factor which had vitiated so many previous investigations. Barrett’s solution of this problem was a notable advance in angiology, and helped in transferring histological observations from the art of opinion and impression into the exact science of quantitative measurement. He worked in the wards and laboratories of the London Hospital from 1934 to 1938 and was University Demonstrator in Cambridge from 1938 to 1946, the only one in the Department of Pathology during the war years, having a large part of the teaching responsibility. He was also an examiner for the Institute of Medical and Laboratory Technology, London. When he returned to Cambridge in 1938 other than teaching he was in the same time actively interested both in the routine pathology services of Addenbrooke's Hospital, and as member of the Cambridge Philharmonic Society as well, where he was Honorary Secretary for more than 20 years, and where "an enviably deep bass" was remembered among his musical abilities. In 1946, when that services were saddled to the university, he became consultant for the hospital as University Morbid Anatomist and Histologist. Being a keen botanist, he was provided with his own set of keys to the Cambridge University Botanic Garden. He often made histological examinations of the field fungi he carefully preserved and recorded for his collection, and gave some valued opinions on rare fungi during Autumn field meetings of the British Mycological Society. Death and legacy A week before his death at 52 his pathological work continued. Inoperable cancer was diagnosed and Max Barrett died suddenly on 11 December 1961. In his 1961 obituary it was said about him: The youngest of his five children, Roger, later known as Syd, and Rosemary, were 15 and 14 years old respectively. Later a venue in a private ward at the Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge, used for seminars, training, meeting, consulting and conferences, was named Barrett Room in his honour. Works The following list of A. M. Barrett's works is taken from his obituary on the official journal of the Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland (now The Journal of Pathology) published in January 1964. Here the list is in MLA format. Some supposed minor works like the ones on mycology (study of the fungi) were missing there. References 1909 births 1961 deaths Histologists People from Thaxted Alumni of Pembroke College, Cambridge People educated at Newport Free Grammar School 20th-century English medical doctors English pathologists Deaths from cancer in England
Hospodárske noviny (abbreviated HN; meaning Economic Newspaper in English) is a daily economic newspaper published in Slovakia. It is owned by MAFRA Slovakia, a media company based in Bratislava, Slovakia. History and profile Hospodárske noviny was established in 1993 and is based in Bratislava. The paper is issued by Eco Press, a subsidiary of German-American firm Economia and a member of the Handelsblatt group. It is a business newspaper which has a liberal economical stance. Hospodárske noviny is published in broadsheet format. In 2006 the newspaper went through a massive relaunch change, which resulted in an increase in sales. The current editor-in-chief is Peter Vavro. In fall 2007, HN launched a lifestyle supplement Prečo nie?! (English: Why not?!). As of 2013 the supplement was wildly unsuccessful, selling less than a hundred copies since its initial release. Hospodárske noviny had a circulation of 18,000 copies both in 2006 and in 2008. The 2010 circulation of the paper was 17,300 copies. In 2011 the circulation was 17,000 copies. Its readership was at 3 percent in 2013. References External links 1993 establishments in Slovakia Newspapers established in 1993 Newspapers published in Slovakia Slovak-language newspapers Business newspapers Mass media in Bratislava
Maxim Maximovich Litvinov (; born Meir Henoch Wallach; 17 July 1876 – 31 December 1951) was a Russian revolutionary and prominent Soviet statesman and diplomat who served as People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs from 1930 to 1939. Litvinov was an advocate for diplomatic agreements leading to disarmament, and was influential in making the Soviet Union a party to the 1928 Kellogg–Briand Pact. He was also responsible for the 1929 Litvinov Protocol, a multilateral agreement to implement the Kellogg-Briand Pact between the Soviet Union and several neighboring states. In 1930, Litvinov was appointed People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs, the highest diplomatic position in the USSR. During the 1930s, Litvinov advocated the official Soviet policy of collective security with Western powers against Nazi Germany. Early life and first exile Meir Henoch Wallach was born into a wealthy, Yiddish-speaking, Lithuanian Jewish banking family in Białystok, Grodno Governorate, Russian Empire. Meir was the second son of Moses and Anna Wallach. In 1881, Moses Wallach was arrested, held in prison for six weeks, then released without charge. Meir was educated at a local realschule; in 1893 he joined the army but was discharged in 1898 after he allegedly disobeyed an order to fire into a crowd of striking workers in Baku. That year, in Kiev, Wallach joined the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP), which was considered an illegal organization; it was customary for its members to use pseudonyms. Meir changed his name to Maxim Litvinov—a common Litvak surname—but was also known as "Papasha" and "Maximovich". Litvinov also wrote articles under the names "M.G. Harrison" and "David Mordecai Finkelstein". Litvinov's early responsibilities included propaganda work in the Chernigov Governorate. In 1900, Litvinov became a member of the Kiev party committee, all of whom were arrested in 1901. After 18 months in custody, Litvinov and Nikolay Bauman organised a mass escape of 11 inmates from Lukyanivska Prison, overpowering a warden and using ropes and grappling irons to scale the walls. Litvinov moved to Geneva, where the founder of Russian Marxism, Georgi Plekhanov, enlisted him as an agent of the revolutionary newspaper Iskra. Litvinov organised a route to smuggle the newspaper from Germany into Russia. In July 1903, Litvinov was in London for the party's second congress when the RSDLP split. He became a founding member of the Bolshevik faction under Vladimir Lenin, whom Litvinov first met in the British Museum Reading Room. The two went to Hyde Park to hear some of the speeches, and remained in contact with each other during this period. Litvinov returned to Russia during the 1905 Revolution, when he became editor of the RSDLP's first legal newspaper Novaya Zhizn in Saint Petersburg. Second emigration When the Russian government began arresting the Bolsheviks in 1906, Maxim Litvinov left the country and spent the next ten years as an émigré and arms dealer for the party. He based himself in Paris and travelled throughout Europe. Posing as an officer in the Ecuadorian Army, he bought machine guns from the State Munitions Factory in Denmark, and posing as a Belgian businessman, he bought more weapons from Schroeder and Company of Germany. He then arranged for the whole consignment to be transported to Bulgaria, where he told the authorities the arms were destined for Macedonian and Armenian rebels fighting for independence in the Ottoman Empire. Litvinov then bought a yacht, and handed it and the weapons to the Armenian revolutionary Kamo to be smuggled across the Black Sea. The yacht, however, ran aground and the weapons were stolen by Romanian fishermen. Despite this setback, Litvinov successfully smuggled these arms into Russia via Finland and the Black Sea. In 1907, Litivnov attended the fifth RSDLP congress in London. Initially, he relied on Rowton Houses for accommodation in London but the party eventually arranged a rented house for Litvinov, which he shared with Joseph Stalin, who also wanted to find more-comfortable housing than the Rowton hostels. In January 1908, French police arrested Litvinov under the name Meer Wallach while carrying twelve 500-ruble banknotes that had been stolen in a bank robbery in Tiflis the year before. The Russian government demanded his extradition and the French Minister for Justice Aristide Briand ruled Litvinov's crime was political and ordered him to be deported. He went to Belfast, Ireland, where he joined his sister Rifka and her family. There, he taught foreign languages in the Jewish Jaffe Public Elementary School until 1910. Litvinov moved to England in 1910 and lived there for eight years. In 1912, he replaced Lenin as the Bolshevik representative on the International Socialist Bureau. When the First World War broke out in 1914, the Russian government requested all Russian émigrés who were in allied England and eligible for military service return to serve in the Imperial Russian Army. Litvinov was able to convince the English officer who interviewed him that he would be tried rather than conscripted if he returned to Russia. In February 1915, Litvinov, uninvited, attended a conference of socialists from the Triple Entente that included Keir Hardie, Ramsay MacDonald and Emile Vandervelde; and the Mensheviks Yuri Martov and Ivan Maisky. Lenin prepared a statement demanding every socialist who held a government post should resign and opposing the continuation of the war. The conference chairman refused to allow Lenin to finish speaking. Litvinov regularly spoke in public opposing the war but failed to accept the fact the UK had declared war to avoid breaking a treaty to defend Belgium. At the peak of his power in the 1930s, Litvinov would emphasise the importance of abiding by the terms of treaties. In England, Litvinov met and in 1916 married Ivy Low, the daughter of a Jewish university professor. Diplomatic career First Soviet representative to Britain On 8 November 1917, a day after the October Revolution, the Council of People's Commissars (Sovnarkom) appointed Maxim Litvinov as the Soviet government's plenipotentiary representative in the United Kingdom. His accreditation was never officially formalised and his position as an unofficial diplomatic contact was analogous to that of Bruce Lockhart, Britain's unofficial agent in Soviet Russia. Litvinov was allowed to speak freely, even after the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk, which took Russia out of the war. In January 1918, Litvinov addressed the Labour Party Conference, praising the achievements of the Revolution. Alexander Kerensky, the leader of the democratic Russian Provisional Government that had replaced the Tsar and was overthrown by Lenin, was welcomed by the British government on a visit to London and also addressed the Labour Party Conference, criticising the dictatorship and repression of Lenin's government. Litvinov replied to Kerensky in the left-wing English press, criticising him as being supported by foreign powers and baselessly accused him of trying to restore Tsarism. A mutiny took place in February 1918 on a Russian ship in the River Mersey. The police, having been warned of possible trouble, had the ship under surveillance. When shouts that the crew were threatening to kill their officers were heard, the ship was boarded and the crew were arrested. Shortly before the mutiny, a police report confirmed Litvinov had received the sailors very well. Litvinov had not tried to dissuade the sailors from carrying out the mutiny or to condemn it, and may have encouraged it. Litvinov also sought interviews with British, American, Australian and Canadian soldiers, and inculcated them with Bolshevik ideas, as well as inducing British and American soldiers of Jewish descent to carry on propaganda in their regiments. On one occasion, thirty Royal Engineers, along with some American and Canadian soldiers, were received in Litvinov's office. At the end of 1917, Litvinov had secured the release of Georgy Chicherin from Brixton prison, but in September 1918, the British government arrested Litvinov, ostensibly for having addressed public gatherings held in opposition to British intervention in the ongoing Russian Civil War. Litvinov was held until he was exchanged for Lockhart, who had been similarly imprisoned in Russia. Following his release, Litvinov returned to Moscow, arriving there at the end of 1918. He was appointed to the governing collegium of the People's Commissariat of Foreign Affairs (Narkomindel) and immediately dispatched on an official mission to Stockholm, Sweden, where he presented a Soviet peace appeal. Litvinov was subsequently deported from Sweden but spent the next months as a roving diplomat for the Soviet government, helping to broker a multilateral agreement allowing the exchange of prisoners of war from a range of combatants, including Russia, the UK and France. This successful negotiation amounted to de facto recognition of the new revolutionary Russian government by the other signatories to the agreement and established Litvinov's importance in Soviet diplomacy. Litvinov tried to intervene in Britain's internal politics, agreeing to the request of the Daily Herald, a newspaper supporting the Labour Party, to ask the Soviet government for financial assistance. In view of the publicity caused by a leak in The Times, the Daily Herald did not accept the money. Irish contacts and the Anglo-Soviet Trade Agreement In February 1921, the Soviet government was approached by the government of the unilaterally declared Irish Republic in Dublin with proposals for a treaty of mutual recognition and assistance. Despairing of early American recognition for the Irish Republic, President of the Dáil Éireann Éamon de Valera had redirected his envoy Patrick McCartan from Washington to Moscow. McCartan may have assumed Litvinov, with his Irish experience, would be a ready ally. Litvinov, however, told McCarten the Soviet priority was a trade agreement with the UK. In March 1921, the Anglo-Soviet Trade Agreement, authorising trade between the two countries so gold sent to Britain to pay for goods could not be confiscated, was signed but the British government and the British press began to complain about Moscow-directed subversion. In June, the British government published a proposed treaty between the Dáil government and the Soviets, and related correspondence; the question of Communist intrigue in the Irish War of Independence made headlines. Finally, the British Foreign Secretary sent a note of protest to the Soviet Government, charging it with responsibility for a range of intrigues against the British Government and its imperial interests. Litvinov replied that "The British Foreign Office has been misled by a gang of professional forgers and swindlers, and had it known the dubious sources of its information, its note of 7 September [1921] would never have been produced", stating that the complaints of anti-British activities were in part based on such fictitious reports. The Russian Government wished to state that, after the conclusion of the Anglo-Russian agreement, it had instructed its representatives in the East to abstain from any anti-British propaganda, although on its part it felt compelled to place on record that the attitude of the British Government had lately been far from friendly towards Russia. He cited the imprisonment and expulsion of Russian trade agents in Constantinople, the co-operation with the French Government in the so-called ‘Russian question’, the continued support to French schemes frustrating international efforts to help relieve famine in Russia, and lastly the presentation of the British note of 7 September. At a time when France was inciting Poland and Rumania to make war on Russia, this did not induce the Russian Government to believe that it was the sincere desire of the British Government to foster friendly relations between the governments and peoples of the two countries. First Deputy People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs In 1921, Litvinov was appointed First Deputy People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs, second in command to People's Commissar Georgy Chicherin (1872–1936). Although both men were loyal to the Soviet regime, Litvinov and Chicherin were temperamental opposites and became rivals. Chicherin had a cultivated, polished personal style but held strongly anti-Western opinions. He sought to hold Soviet Russia aloof from diplomatic deal-making with capitalist powers. According to diplomatic historian Jonathan Haslam, Litvinov was less erudite and coarser than Chicherin but was willing to deal in good faith with the West for peace and a pause for Soviet Russia to pursue internal development. In 1924, full diplomatic relations were restored under the Macdonald Labour government. The Conservative Party and the business community continued to be hostile to the Soviet Union, partly because the Soviet Union had not honoured Tsarist debts and partly because of the fear of Bolshevism spreading to Britain, and considered the Bolshevist government should be militarily overthrown. This was exacerbated by the Soviet government's support of the 1926 General Strike and criticism of the British Trades Union Congress (TUC) for calling off the strike. The Soviet government offered a gift of £25,000 to the TUC, which was refused, and £200,000 to the co-operative movement, which was accepted. Litvinov wanted to prevent a deterioration of relations and suggested he should have talks with Hodgson, the UK's chargé d'affaires in Moscow. Hodgson, who was privately sympathetic to some of Litvinov's complaints, communicated with the Foreign Office, giving various reasons for criticising Britain's position. Britain had signed a trade agreement in 1921 and given the Soviet Government de jure recognition in 1923, and HM Government had recently indicated that it intended to maintain its relationship with the Soviet Government. Anti-red outbursts could prejudice its position in dealing with problems that needed discussion with the Soviet Government. Importantly, the Soviet Union, whatever her political complexion, was a badly needed market. Although anti-red sentiment might be useful in the political warfare at home, it was seen in Russia as an admission of weakness. However, most pressing, was the incalculable commercial harm. The insecurity would make the Soviet Government hesitant about placing orders in Britain, cause British firms to fight shy of Russian orders and frighten British banks from financing them. The Conservative government, under pressure from Conservative MPs on the uncorroborated evidence of a dismissed employee that the Soviet Trade Mission had stolen a missing War Office document, successfully asked Parliament to sever diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union. Although Chicherin advocated caution, Litvinov, presumably with Joseph Stalin's support, said: The decision was no surprise to the Soviet Government. It had already for long been aware that a rupture of diplomatic relations with the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics was being prepared by the whole policy of the present British Conservative Government, which has declined all proposals of the Soviet Government for the settlement of mutual relations by means of negotiations. The lack of results of the search of the Trade Delegation premises, which was carried out with utmost thoroughness over several days, is the most convincing proof of the loyalty and correctitude of the official agents of the Union of Socialist Soviet Republics. The Soviet Government passes over with contempt the insinuations of a British Minister regarding espionage by the Trade Delegation and considers it beneath its dignity to reply to them. The Soviet Government places on record that the British Government had no legitimate ground for a police raid on the extraterritorial premises of the official Soviet agent. Hodgson agreed with Litvinov that the police raid on the Arcos building in London was deplorable and said so in a letter to The Times in 1941, showing his pleasure at Litvinov's appointment as Soviet ambassador to the United States. After the Labour Party won the most seats in the 1929 election, the new Prime Minister, Ramsay MacDonald, set about restoring relations with the Soviet Union on condition that the Soviet Union refrained from initiating propaganda in Britain. Litvinov was in favour of being conciliatory, but letters between Joseph Stalin and Vyacheslav Molotov show Stalin overruled Litvinov's conciliatory attitude, resulting in British Foreign Secretary Arthur Henderson ignoring problems rather than working towards an effective agreement on propaganda, effectively giving unconditional recognition to the Soviet Union. Proponent of disarmament Litvinov supported disarmament, actively attending the Disarmament Preparatory Commission from 30 November 1927 until it was replaced by the World Disarmament Conference in Geneva in 1932. Initially he advocated total disarmament. French politician Joseph Paul-Boncour criticised such proposals: Supposing you had total disarmament; if there was no international organisation taking charge of security, if you had no international force to ensure the maintenance of this security, if you had no international law such as we are endeavouring to lay down here, a powerful and populous nation would always have the power when it wished to do so on a small nation equally disarmed, less populous and less well equipped to resist an attack which might be made upon it. Litvinov's answer was: Would small nations be less insecure after their powerful neighbours who have disarmed than they are now when, in addition to economic, financial, territorial and other superiorities possessed by the great powers, the latter also enjoy the immense advantage of greater armaments. Litvinov's proposals won him favourable publicity in radical circles in Western countries that were eager for disarmament and impatient at the Commission's slow progress. The national joint Council of the Labour Party, the Parliamentary Labour Party and the TUC passed a resolution expressing their sense of the great importance of proposals for general-and-simultaneous disarmament submitted by the Soviet delegation at the Commission in Geneva on 30 November 1927. Litvinov favoured Soviet participation in the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928, which pledged signatories to the elimination of the use of war as a tool of foreign policy, a position opposite to that of his nominal superior Chicherin. Litvinov, who was frustrated by the failure of the Kellogg-Briand Pact signatories to ratify the treaty, proposed the Litvinov Protocol, in which signatories formally proclaimed themselves in mutual compliance with the pact's goals. The protocol was signed in Moscow in February 1929 by the Soviet Union, Poland, Romania, Latvia, and Estonia, and later by several other countries. People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs In 1930, Joseph Stalin appointed Litvinov People's Commissar for Foreign Affairs. Litvinov, who was a firm believer in collective security, worked to form a closer relationship with France and the United Kingdom, a policy seemingly at odds with the "class against class" line of the Third Period being advocated by Communist International. Litvinov remained the only leading official of Narkomindel in the mid-1930s who had direct personal access to Stalin and who could deal with Stalin's inner circle on terms approaching equality; this was in contrast to other top foreign-affairs officials such as Boris Stomonyakov and Nikolay Krestinsky, for whom access was limited to occasional supplication. Stalin was largely detached from and uninterested in foreign policy throughout the early 1930s, largely leaving the general operations of Narkomindel and the Comintern to their leaders. Litvinov had wide latitude to pursue policy objectives and was subject only to broad review and approval from the leadership. Stalin frequently delegated oversight to members of his personal secretariat, including Karl Radek, until mid-1936. As a result, Litvinov's Narkomindel could pursue a moderate foreign-policy line, emphasising stable relations between governments leading towards general disarmament, which was, as one historian called it, a "curious mismatch" with the revolutionary militancy then being voiced by the Comintern. On 6 February 1933, Litvinov made the most-significant speech of his career, in which he tried to define aggression. He stated that the internal situation of a country, alleged maladministration, possible danger to foreign residents, and civil unrest in a neighbouring country were not justifications for war. In 1946, the British Government would accuse the Soviet Union of not complying with Litvinov's definition. Finland made similar criticisms against the Soviet Union in 1939. Many delegates, such as British delegate Lord Cushendun, who said the failure of the Disarmament Conference would be gratifying to the Soviet delegation, derided Litvinov but due to the soundness of Litvinov's argument and eloquence, his standing grew. In 1933, the Greek Chairman of the Political Commission of the League of Nations stated:It was with special pleasure he paid this tribute to the Soviet delegation since it demonstrated beyond doubt that when men rose above the contingencies of day-to-day politics and allowed themselves to be guided by the more general ideas which should lead the civilised world, it was found that there was a community of ideals which was capable with a little goodwill of bringing to fruition the noblest and most difficult enterprises. In 1933, Litvinov was instrumental in winning a long-sought formal diplomatic recognition of the Soviet government by the United States. US President Franklin Roosevelt sent comedian Harpo Marx to the Soviet Union as a goodwill ambassador. Litvinov and Marx became friends and performed a routine on stage together. Litvinov also facilitated the acceptance of the Soviet Union into the League of Nations, where he represented his country from 1934 to 1938. In 1935, Litvinov negotiated the Franco-Soviet Treaty of Mutual Assistance and another treaty with Czechoslovakia with the aim of containing Nazi Germany's aggression. Writing in A History of the League of Nations (1952), F. P. Walters expressed "astonished admiration", praising Litvinov's farsighted analysis: Litvinov has been considered to have concentrated on taking strong measures against Italy, Japan and Germany, and being little interested in other matters. He praised the achievements of the Soviet Union but he may not have agreed with collective farming. At the time of the Moscow Trials, Litvinov was appointed to a committee that decided the fate of Bukharin and Rykov, voting for them to be expelled and tried but not executed, they were eventually handed to the NKVD. During the Great Purge, the Foreign Commissariat lacked ambassadors in nine capitals; Litvinov reported this to Stalin, noting the damage without criticising the cause. Indeed, Litvinov publicly endorsed the purges and the campaign against the Trotskyites, although this may have been out of self-preservation. Negotiations regarding Germany and dismissal After the 1938 Munich Agreement, German state media derided Litvinov for his Jewish ancestry, referring to him as "Finkelstein-Litvinov". On 15 April 1939, Litvinov sent a comprehensive proposal to Stalin for a tripartite agreement with Britain and France. The following day, Litvinov saw Stalin to discuss his draft, which Stalin approved. According to Soviet records, Litvinov submitted detailed arguments in favour of the proposed pact, which Stalin accepted. Litvinov stated they ought not to wait for the other side to propose what the Soviets wanted. Litvinov summarised his proposals, which were for mutual assistance in case of aggression against the Soviet Union, Britain or France; and support for all states bordering the Soviet Union, including Finland and the Baltic States. It also provided for rapid agreement on the form such assistance would take. There would be an agreement not to conclude a separate peace. By 16 April, Stalin still had faith in Litvinov and had no immediate plans to remove him. No concrete proposals for a Nazi-Soviet pact had been made by either country. Litvinov said: "We can expect urgent and complex negotiations with the French and especially the British. We need to monitor public opinion and try to influence it." The new proposals had Stalin's support; Litvinov summoned the British Ambassador, William Seeds, while he was at the theatre with his wife. Litvinov could have had the proposals conveyed to the Embassy with a request for Seeds to visit Litvinov urgently in the morning. Litvinov had a poor opinion of Neville Chamberlain, and was not surprised Russia's proposal for an alliance was not welcomed, but he may have been surprised by the attitude of the British Foreign Office. Cadogan, in his diary, described Litvinov's proposals as "mischievous". A Foreign Office report to the Foreign Affairs Cabinet Committee termed them 'inconvenient'. On 7 June 1939, Winston Churchill stated he "much preferred the Russian proposals. They are simple. They are logical and conform to the main groupings of common interest." Churchill also stated the Soviet claim the Baltic States should be included in the triple guarantee was well founded. Three years later, Britain would agree a similar pact of assistance with the Soviet Union. Litvinov's proposals were also conveyed to the French Ambassador Émile Naggiar. As soon as the proposals reached the French Government, the first reaction of Georges Bonnet, the Foreign Minister, was different from that of the British Government and Foreign Office. Bonnet saw the Soviet Ambassador Jakob Suritz, who cabled that "the first impression of the French is very favourable". Britain persuaded the French Government to take no action until a common policy had been formulated. In talks between the French and the British governments, both failed to either accept or reject the proposals until after Litvinov's dismissal on 4 May. Molotov proceeded with negotiations for a pact and a military mission left for Moscow. The Foreign Office confirmed to the US chargé d'affaires on 8 August 1939 "the military mission, which had now left for Moscow, had been told to make every effort to prolong discussions until 1 October 1939". Halifax disclosed to the Foreign Affairs Committee on 10 July 1939: "Although the French were in favour of the military conversations commencing, the French Government thought that the military conversations would be spun out over a long time and as long as they were taking place we should be preventing Soviet Russia from entering the German camp". Dismissal On 3 May 1939, Stalin replaced Litvinov, who was closely identified with the anti-German position, with Vyacheslav Molotov. At a prearranged meeting, Stalin said: "The Soviet Government intended to improve its relations with Hitler and if possible sign a pact with Nazi Germany. As a Jew and an avowed opponent of such a policy, Litvinov stood in the way." Litvinov argued and banged on the table. Stalin then demanded Litvinov to sign a letter of resignation. On the night of Litvinov's dismissal, NKVD troops surrounded the offices of the Commissariat of Foreign Affairs. The telephone at Litvinov's dacha was disconnected and the following morning, Molotov, Georgy Malenkov, and Lavrenty Beria arrived at the commissariat to inform Litvinov of his dismissal. Many of Litvinov's aides were arrested and beaten, possibly to extract compromising information. Hitler took Litvinov's removal more seriously than Chamberlain. The German ambassador to the Soviet Union, Schulenburg, was in Iran. Hilger, the First Secretary, was summoned to see Hitler, who asked why Stalin might have dismissed Litvinov. Hilger said: "According to my firm belief he [Stalin] had done so because Litvinov had pressed for an understanding with France and Britain while Stalin thought the Western powers were aiming to have the Soviet Union pull the chestnuts out of the fire in the event of war". Litvinov was not in disgrace; he continued to attend official functions and carry out his duties as a member of the Supreme Soviet and the Central Committee. Litvinov also attended the Supreme Soviet when the budget was presented and on the occasion of Molotov's speech in support of the Nazi–Soviet Pact. There was no praise or recognition of Litvinov's work after he had held the position of Foreign Minister for nine years. Two months later, when Litvinov applied for a passport to go to Vichy, France, to take the waters, it was refused, presumably on the grounds he might defect or abscond. According to Louis Fischer, "Litvinov never by hint or word approved of Stalin's pact with Hitler". Ivy Litvinov stated: "the Nazi-Soviet Pact had not inspired her husband with much confidence". Litvinov would not have been surprised if Germany had broken any agreement and would have ensured the USSR would have been well prepared for a German invasion of its territory. Aftermath of dismissal According to Holroyd-Doveton, Litvinov, if he had been Foreign Commissar, would have approved the Pact. Sheinis states when foreign correspondents first asked Litvinov about the Pact, he evaded the question, but then said: "I think this calls for a closer look, because among other things enemies of the Soviet Union ascribe to me what I never said". Litvinov is reported to have told Ehrenburg: "The Pact was absolutely necessary". He told foreign journalists:The imperialists in these two countries had done everything they could to goad Hitler's Germany against the Soviet Union by secret deals and provocative moves. In the circumstances the Soviet Union could either accept German proposals for a non-aggression treaty and thus secure a period of peace in which to redouble preparations to repulse the aggressor; or turn down Germany's proposals and let the warmongers in the Western camp push the Soviet Union into an armed conflict with Germany in unfavourable circumstances and in a setting of complete isolation. In this situation the Soviet Government was compelled to make the difficult choice and conclude a non-aggression treaty with Germany. I, too, would probably have concluded a pact with Germany although a bit differently. Litvinov's replacement by Molotov significantly increased Stalin's freedom to manoeuver in foreign policy. The dismissal of Litvinov, whose Jewish background was viewed disfavorably by Nazi Germany, removed an obstacle to negotiations with Germany. Stalin immediately directed Molotov to "purge the ministry of Jews". Recalling Stalin's order, Molotov commented: "Thank God for these words! Jews formed an absolute majority in the leadership and among the ambassadors. It wasn't good." Given Litvinov's prior attempts to create an anti-fascist coalition, association with the doctrine of collective security with France and Britain, and pro-Western orientation by Kremlin standards, his dismissal indicated the existence of a Soviet option of rapprochement with Germany. Molotov's appointment was a signal to Germany the USSR would negotiate. The dismissal also signaled to France and Britain the existence of a potential negotiation option with Germany. One British official wrote Litvinov's disappearance meant the loss of an admirable technician or shock-absorber, while Molotov's modus operandi was "more truly Bolshevik than diplomatic or cosmopolitan". With regard to the signing of the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact with secret protocols partitioning Eastern Europe between Germany and the USSR three months later, Hitler told military commanders; "Litvinov's replacement was decisive". A German official told the Soviet Ambassador Hitler was pleased Litvinov's replacement Molotov was not Jewish. Hitler also wrote to Benito Mussolini that Litvinov's dismissal demonstrated the Kremlin's readiness to alter relations with Berlin, which led to "the most extensive nonaggression pact in existence". When Litvinov was asked about the reasons for his dismissal, he replied; "Do you really think that I was the right person to sign a treaty with Hitler?" American historian Jeffrey Herf views Litvinov's dismissal and the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact as conclusive proof the Nazi belief in a Jewish conspiracy that supposedly controlled the governments of the Soviet Union and other allied powers was completely false. Wartime career Following the Nazi–Soviet Pact, although given little official Soviet recognition, Stalin continued to respect Litvinov. The British Embassy records confirm Litvinov was conspicuous at the 1939 anniversary of the Revolution by Lenin's Mausoleum. He was standing on the edge of a group that included Stalin, Molotov, Kaganovich, Mikoyan, Andreev, Beria, and Dimitrov. Litvinov was in full view of the diplomatic stand of foreign journalists, some of whom had no hesitation in exchanging salutations with Litvinov. The New York Times said about thirty members of the German Trade delegation, the German Military Attaché, and members of a Finnish delegation watched the parade. The emergence of Litvinov wearing his usual flat cap was apparently a source of interest to the German delegation near the tomb; it was Litvinov's first public appearance for several months in the company as Stalin's entourage. Litvinov was also in a conspicuous place at the 1940 celebration of the Russian Revolution. According to Holroyd-Doveton, no meaningful position was allotted by Stalin to Litvinov. In the 21-month period between the declaration of war by France and Britain, and the invasion of the Soviet Union by Germany, Ivy Litvinov describes this period of her life. She said the family spent their time with their daughter-in-law in their dacha from Moscow and outside school holidays in the family apartment in Moscow, when they spent long weekends in the country. For two years, the family played bridge, read music, and went on long walks in the countryside with their two dogs. On 21 February 1941, Litvinov was dismissed from the Central Committee of the Communist Party on the pretext of his inability to discharge his obligations as a member of the Committee. According to Pope, he was dismissed because Stalin wanted to give no offence to the Germans. Litvinov said: "My more than 40 years in the Party oblige me to say what I think about what has happened. I do not understand why I am being dealt with in such a peremptory style." Stalin rejected everything Litvinov had said. When Stalin stopped speaking, Litvinov asked: "Does that mean you consider me an enemy of the people?" Stalin answered: "We do not consider you an enemy of the people, but an honest revolutionary". Litvinov had followed with anxiety the steady advance of Hitler's armies across Europe and wondered how long Britain could hold out unsupported. Even to Litvinov, the German invasion of the Soviet Union was a surprise; he did not believe Hitler would risk embarking on a second front at this stage of the war. German invasion of the USSR The Soviet leaders, as well as Litvinov, were concerned Britain might come to an agreement with Germany. Litvinov was worried Rudolf Hess's flight meant Britain was about to make peace with Germany. Litvinov stated all believed the British fleet was steaming up the North Sea for a joint attack with Germany on Leningrad and Kronstadt. The same day the German invasion of the USSR began, Churchill announced Britain's intention to give full aid to the Soviet Union. When Litvinov heard of Churchill's broadcast, he was much relieved. Nevertheless, Litvinov was suspicious of the British aristocracy. Ambassador to the United States and later Following his dismissal as head of Narkomindel, Litvinov was dispatched to Washington, D.C., to serve as the Russian ambassador to the United States. Like Churchill, Litvinov had doubts about the Munich Agreement. Following the Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union, Litvinov said in a radio broadcast to Britain and the United States: "We always realized the danger which a Hitler victory in the West could constitute for us". After the United States entered the war, he encouraged President Franklin D. Roosevelt to focus on the Mediterranean and Middle East theatre to prevent Axis forces in North Africa from advancing towards the Caucasus. Early in November 1941, Litvinov was summoned to see Stalin and told his services were required as ambassador to the United States. In the US, the appointment was met with enthusiasm. The New York Times stated: "Stalin has decided to place his ablest and most forceful diplomat and one who enjoys greater prestige in this country. He is known as a man of exceptional ability, adroit as well as forceful. It is believed that Stalin, in designating him for the ambassadorship, felt Litvinov could exercise real influence in Washington." President Roosevelt stated Litvinov's appointment was "most fortunate that the Soviet Government have deemed it advisable to send as ambassador a statesman who has already held high office in his own country". When Litvinov arrived in the US, growing Soviet resistance to the German army, which was racing to take Moscow before the onset of the Russian winter, was winning the Soviet Union supporters. According to The Washington Post:Both Mrs Cordell Hull, the Secretary of State's wife, and the Vice-President's wife, Mrs Wallace, had travelled to the Soviet Embassy for celebrations to mark the 24th anniversary of the Soviet Revolution in 1941, where they were greeted by Mr and Mrs Gromyko and Mrs Umansky. The Under Secretary of State, Sumner Welles, Jessie Jones, the Commercial Secretary, and Francis Biddle, the Attorney General, were also present. Most foreign countries except Spain and Finland were represented. Litvinov immediately gained popularity and was instrumental in lobbying for billions of dollars worth of Lend-Lease military and humanitarian assistance from the United States to the Soviet Union. In early December 1941, the Soviet Union's war-relief organisation called a large meeting in Madison Square, New York City, where the auditorium was filled to capacity. Litvinov, speaking in English, told of the suffering in the Soviet Union. A woman in the front row ran up to the stage and donated her diamond necklace; whilst another gave a cheque for $15,000. At the end, Litvinov said; "What we need is a second front". The highlight of Litvinov's eighteen months as ambassador was the 25th celebration of the Russian Revolution on 7 November 1942. 1,200 guests, representing all of the United Nations, entered the reception hall to shake hands with Litvinov. Only the US President and his staff, at work on the African campaign, were missing. The Russians were happy they had more serious affairs with which to attend. Vice-President Wallace, Secretary of the Treasury Morgenthau, Under Secretary of State Sumner Welles and Mrs Woodrow Wilson, Edward Stettinius—the Lend-Lease administrator—and Tom Connolly, chairman of the Senate Foreign Relations Committee, were among the guests. Russian vodka and a sturgeon from the Volga were supplied to the guests. The following day, Litvinov and his wife travelled to New York to attend celebrations. The New York Times on 8 November said Madison Square was overflowing with a wildly cheering crowd of 20,000 for the annual tribute to the Soviet Union in Litvinov's presence. The event was attended by the Soviet Union's old friends and the US Vice-President, General McNair, commanding general of Army Ground Forces, capitalist Thomas Lamont, and Catholic professor Francis McMahon, who said: "not speaking up for Russia would be disloyal to his religion and country". Roosevelt became annoyed with Litvinov's second-front zeal; he told Averell Harriman: "The US might ask for Litvinov's recall". Harriman told Litvinov Roosevelt was upset but did not repeat what the President had said. Harriman said: "If Litvinov continued that way, he would get into serious difficulties with the President. Litvinov, who had been ebullient, collapsed so completely." Litvinov's ambassadorship was now experiencing difficulties. Litvinov said the Soviet Government had forbidden him from appearing in public or making any public speeches. After returning to Soviet Union, Litvinov became deputy minister for foreign affairs. He was dismissed from his post after an interview given to Richard C. Hottelet on 18 June 1946 in which he said a war between the West and the Soviet Union was inevitable. Death and legacy Litvinov died on 31 December 1951. After his death, rumours he was murdered on Stalin's instructions to the Ministry of Internal Affairs circulated. According to Anastas Mikoyan, a lorry deliberately collided with Litvinov's car as it rounded a bend near the Litvinov dacha on 31 December 1951, and he later died of his injuries. British television journalist Tim Tzouliadis stated; "The assassination of Litvinov marked an intensification of Stalin's anti-Semitic campaign". According to Litvinov's wife and daughter, however, Stalin was still on good terms with Litvinov at the time of his death. They said he had serious heart problems and was given the best treatment available during the final weeks of his life, and that he died from a heart attack on 31 December 1951. After Litvinov's death, his widow Ivy remained in the Soviet Union until she returned to live in Britain in 1972. In his reminiscences dictated to a supporter later in life, Vyacheslav Molotov—Litvinov's replacement as chief of foreign affairs and right-hand man of Joseph Stalin—said Litvinov was "intelligent" and "first rate" but said Stalin and he "didn't trust him" and consequently "left him out of negotiations" with the United States during the war. Molotov called Litvinov "not a bad diplomat—a good one" but also called him "quite an opportunist" who "greatly sympathized with [Leon] Trotsky, [Grigory] Zinoviev, and [Lev] Kamenev". According to Molotov; "Litvinov remained among the living [in the Great Purge] only by chance". Litvinov's grandson Pavel Litvinov, a physicist, writer and Soviet-era dissident, resides in the United States. See also Foreign relations of the Soviet Union Soviet–German relations before 1941 Footnotes Sources Further reading Gorodetsky, Gabriel. Soviet Foreign Policy, 1917–1991: a Retrospective. London: Routledge, 1994. Levin, Nora. The Jews in the Soviet Union Since 1917: Paradox of Survival. In Two Volumes. New York: New York University Press, 1988. Lockhart, R.H. Bruce. Memoirs of a British Agent: Being an Account of the Author's Early Life in Many Lands and of his Official Mission to Moscow in 1918. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1933. Nekrich, Aleksandr Moiseevich. Pariahs, partners, predators: German-Soviet relations, 1922-1941 (Columbia University Press, 1997). Osborne, Patrick R. Operation Pike: Britain Versus the Soviet Union, 1939–1941. Westport, CT: Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000. Phillips, Hugh D. Between the revolution and the West: a political biography of Maxim M. Litvinov (Westview Press, 1992). Roberts, Geoffrey. "Litvinov's Lost Peace, 1941–1946." Journal of Cold War Studies 4.2 (2002): 23-54. Roberts, Geoffrey. "The Fall of Litvinov: A Revisionist View," Journal of Contemporary History, vol. 27, no. 4 (1992), pp. 639–657. Saul, Norman E. Friends Or Foes?: The United States and Soviet Russia, 1921-1941 (University Press of Kansas, 2006). Ulam, Ulam. Stalin: The Man and His Era. Boston: Beacon Press, 1989. Works The Bolshevik Revolution: Its Rise and Meaning. London: British Socialist Party, n.d. (1919). External links Biography six versions from various resources Maxim Litvinov, Soviet biography. 1876 births 1951 deaths People from Białystok People from Belostoksky Uyezd Jews from the Russian Empire Jewish Soviet politicians Soviet people of Polish-Jewish descent Russian Social Democratic Labour Party members Old Bolsheviks Russian Jews Central Executive Committee of the Soviet Union members Members of the Central Committee of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Members of the Central Committee of the 18th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks) Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic, 1938–1947 Soviet Ministers of Foreign Affairs Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary (Soviet Union) First convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union Second convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union League of Nations people Ambassadors of the Soviet Union to the United States Ambassadors of the Soviet Union to Cuba Articles containing video clips Recipients of the Order of Lenin Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour Burials at Novodevichy Cemetery
Sergey Alekseyevich Khristianovich (, 9 November 1908 – 28 April 2000) was a mechanics scientist from the Soviet Union. Academician of AS USSR since 1943 (corresponding member since 1939), Hero of Soc. Labour (1969). Sergey Khristianovich graduated from Leningrad State University in 1930. He has made a huge contribution into development of mechanics in Russia and is well known for his studies in aerodynamics. Khristianovich was one of the organizers of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SBRAS), one of the organizers of Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, and a co-founder of Novosibirsk State University. He was dismissed from (SBRAS) in 2003. References Further reading 1908 births 2000 deaths Soviet scientists Russian physicists Academic staff of Novosibirsk State University Full Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences Burials in Troyekurovskoye Cemetery Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute employees Full Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
"The Dog" is the third episode of the first season of the post-apocalyptic horror television series Fear the Walking Dead, which aired on AMC on September 13, 2015 in the United States. Plot At the barbershop, the Salazars and Manawas watch the riot raging outside. Though Travis wants to wait until the riot dies down before leaving, they are forced to evacuate when looters set fire to the store adjoining the barbershop. While scrambling to reach Travis' truck, Griselda's leg is severely injured by a collapsing scaffold. The group is able to carry her to the truck and escape, and rush to get her to a hospital. They discover that the nearest hospital has been completely locked down, and assume all the other hospitals are in the same state; the group decides to drive to Madison's house to treat Griselda's injury themselves. At the house, Nick, Madison, and Alicia play board games while awaiting Travis' arrival, when a dog unexpectedly arrives at their back door. Nick lets the dog in, and they discover it covered in blood despite not showing any apparent injuries. The dog suddenly begins barking out the window at the reanimated corpse of a neighbor, Peter Dawson, who is attracted to the noise and attempts to break in. The three of them flee through the back door and watch as Peter kills and begins eating the dog. Nick leads Madison and Alicia to the Trans' house next door, where they are able to break in and retrieve a shotgun. Travis and the others arrive at Madison's home and discover Peter, who tries to attack him, but Madison and Nick arrive with the shotgun; when they hesitate to shoot, Daniel grabs the gun and puts down Peter himself. Alicia goes back to the Trans' house to retrieve more ammunition for the shotgun, but runs into the reanimated corpse of their neighbor, Susan, which tries to attack her. With Chris's help, she is able to escape over the fence back into the Clarks' yard, and Nick finally explains the full situation to her, as she was previously unaware of the reanimating corpses. Shaken by the recent events, all three families decide to stay the night. Daniel tells the others that his cousin will pick up his family in the morning, while Travis plans to lead both the Clarks and the Manawas to the desert. Liza tends to Griselda's injured foot but notes that Griselda will die if not treated by a doctor; Madison offers her some of the Oxycodone that she got for Nick to alleviate the pain. Madison decides to put Susan down using a hammer, but is stopped by Travis, who convinces her that there is still a chance that Susan could be saved. Later that night, Ofelia tells Daniel that she thinks they should go with the other families to the desert, but Daniel insists his family can survive alone; he believes the other families lack the strength to survive, after having witnessed Travis and Madison refuse to put down both Peter and Susan. He also admits to her that he lied about his cousin picking them up, upsetting her even further due to Griselda's worsening condition. The next morning, the Clarks and Manawas depart, but are quickly halted by the arrival of the National Guard, who quarantine the neighborhood. Several citizens are taken away by the Guardsmen, including Susan's husband, Patrick. Travis assumes that the soldiers will be able to contain the outbreak and that life will return to normal, but Daniel laments that it’s too late for that. Reception "The Dog" received positive reviews from critics. On Rotten Tomatoes, it garnered a 67% rating with an average score of 6.26/10 based on 24 reviews. The site consensus reads: "While the apocalyptic horror of Fear the Walking Dead works well in 'The Dog,' the attempt at character development has mixed results." Matt Fowler of IGN gave "The Dog" a 7.8/10.0 rating, the highest of the series at that point, stating; ""The Dog" brought everyone back together so they could hash things out, brew up a little conflict, and form a new plan of escape. The military intervention right at the end felt like a huge tonal shift, so we'll have to see how it plays out in the coming episodes. Despite the sprawling cityscape, this has been a somewhat intimate show and now it's being opened up wide." Ratings "The Dog" was seen by 7.19 million viewers in the United States on its original air date, nearly a million less than the previous episode. References 2015 American television episodes Fear the Walking Dead (season 1) episodes
The Treaty of Selymbria was an agreement concluded on 3 September 1411 between the Republic of Venice and the Ottoman prince Musa Çelebi, ruler of the European portion of the Ottoman Empire (Rumelia), at Selymbria. The treaty largely repeated previous agreements between Venice and Ottoman rulers, and recognized the possessions of the Republic in Greece and Albania. Background Venice had been among the signatories of the Treaty of Gallipoli in 1403 with Süleyman Çelebi, ruler of the European part of the Ottoman Empire. Renewed in 1409, it ensured a period of peaceful relations between the Republic and the Ottomans, in exchange for the payment of an annual tribute by Venice. In 1410–11 however, Süleyman was defeated and overthrown by his brother, Musa Çelebi. Unlike Süleyman, Musa, who relied greatly on the akinji raiders, followed a policy extremely hostile to his Christian neighbours. The attacks against both the Byzantine Empire and Serbia, that had stopped after 1403, resumed. Following Süleyman's defeat and death, the Venetians initially prevaricated; their payments to the Ottomans were allowed to lapse, but the bailo (permanent envoy) in the Byzantine capital, Constantinople, was ordered to contact Musa and assure him of the Republic's peaceful intentions, while Venice debated on the proper course of action. A motion to take advantage of the occasion and try to seize Gallipoli was defeated at the Venetian Senate, and finally, on 4 June 1411, the Senate appointed Giacomo Trevisan as its ambassador to Musa. While acknowledging that due to ongoing developments he should exercise his own judgment as needed, the Senate provided Trevisan with detailed instructions—according to historian Dimitris Kastritsis, "a rare glimpse into the complex situation in Rumeli as perceived by Venice in late spring and early summer of 1411, a time about which little is otherwise known." Trevisan's instructions Trevisan was instructed to repeat the customary congratulations and assurances of the Republic's good will. In order to gain Musa's favour, he was also to hint that other "princes and communities" had offered to join Venice against Musa, but that the Republic had rebuffed them, preferring to renew with Musa the good relations she had enjoyed with his predecessors. Trevisan was to ensure that any treaty included the Venetian possessions and protectorates in Greece: the cities and fortresses of Pteleos, Argos, Nauplia, Lepanto, Coron and Modon, the islands of Crete, Negroponte (Euboea), Lepanto, Tinos, and Mykonos. The peaceful and unmolested navigation in the Dardanelles and the vicinity of Tenedos was to be guaranteed, and the provision of the 1403 treaty for the cession of a strip of land five miles wide on the mainland shore across Euboea reaffirmed. Trevisan was also to raise the issue of the city of Patras, which Venice had been leasing since 1408 from its Latin Archbishop, Stephen Zaccaria. In 1409 the Venetians had agreed to pay 500 ducats per annum for the city and its environs, but Trevisan was instructed to ensure that henceforth the tribute would be levied on the Prince of Achaea, Centurione II Zaccaria, since the city was not formally Venetian territory. If pressed, however, he was authorized to pay the sum, but demand that in future, the payment was to be arranged with the Prince of Achaea and the Latin Archbishop. In a similar manner, Venice's possessions in Albania were also to be included in the treaty. Trevisan was to stop in Dalmatia and Albania on his way east and inquire about the wider political situation: through a local notary, Venice had concluded an agreement with Pasha Yiğit Bey, ruler of Skopje, for the protection of their possessions in Albania against Balša III and other local rulers, in exchange for an annual sum of 500 ducats, but the Senate was not aware if Pasha Yiğit was still alive, or what his position in Musa's regime was. Trevisan was to ascertain the situation, acquire documents about which territories were under Venetian control at the time, and renew the agreement of protection on the same terms. A further topic of concern for the Republic was the Marquisate of Bodonitza in central Greece, which was ruled by the Venetian Zorzi family. The small principality had recently been conquered by the Ottomans, with the Marquis Jacob Zorzi being killed and his heir Nicholas II Zorzi taken captive. Trevisan was to negotiate for the release of the latter, the restitution of his domains, and his inclusion in the treaty. With respect to the tribute owed to Musa, Trevisan was instructed that the same sums as stipulated in 1409 should be aimed for: 1,000 ducats for Albania, to be paid every August, along with 100 ducats for Lepanto, and the 500 ducats for Patras. If Musa demanded the back payment of 1,000 ducats owed to Süleyman, he should argue that as Balša had been allowed to attack the Venetian possessions in Albania in the meantime, the payment was void; but if Musa insisted, Trevisan should again concede the sum, except for 17,800 akçes subtracted for a shipment of slaves captured from the Venetian merchant Niccolò Barbo. Trevisan was also authorized to offer further sums to Musa's main lieutenants, most notably Mihaloğlu Mehmed Bey, Pasha Yiğit, and Evrenos. The money was to be spent at his own discretion following his assessment of their place at Musa's court. If the negotiations for a treaty proved successful, he was to secure written firmans from Musa to his local commanders informing them of the fact. If, on the other hand, a treaty was not possible, Trevisan should at least try to secure a truce of one year. If either failed, then he was to go to Constantinople, inform Venice of developments, and begin negotiations for a Christian league with the Byzantine emperor, Manuel II Palaiologos. Manuel had previously sent for Venice to send him envoys to discuss such affairs; consequently Trevisan was instructed to keep the original purpose of his mission east secret. To assist in his mission, Trevisan was given copies of the previous agreements and of the letters by previous Venetian envoys, as well as letters of accreditation to Pasha Yiğit and to Musa's brother Mehmed Çelebi, in case he should have overthrown Musa by the time Trevisan arrived—a clear indication of "how complicated and uncertain the situation in Rumeli had become" by that point. He was assigned an interpreter, Francesco Gezo of Modon, and given a salary of 250 ducats for the first four months, and a monthly salary of 30 ducats after that. He was to be conveyed east on the galley of the Venetian Captain of the Gulf. Conclusion of the treaty Already before Trevisan arrived in the area, Venice's local representatives had reached a preliminary agreement, through the mediation of a certain Pietro dei Greci ("Peter of the Greeks"). The agreement was already in effect by 7 June, and the ships captured by Musa had been returned with their crews, although the confiscated merchandise had not. Trevisan reached the Ottoman prince's camp by late July, and the final treaty was arranged on 12 August outside Constantinople, which Musa was besieging at the time. Nevertheless, due to some disagreements between the two sides, a formal ratification was delayed until 3 September, by which time Musa had moved to lay siege to Selymbria. Trevisan had also left, and the treaty was signed in his stead by the Captain of the Gulf, Pietro Loredan. A Venetian version of the text is preserved in the Venetian archives. According to its provisions, the relations between the two powers were to be peaceful, as regulated by the previous treaties of 1403 and 1409. Venice's possessions, including its recent acquisitions in Albania, were confirmed, under the condition that the bailo at Constantinople would pay a tribute of 1,000 ducats each August. Its possession of Lepanto was also recognized, but only of the city and the immediately adjacent buildings and fields, for which 100 ducats in tribute were to be paid. For the city of Patras the tribute remained at 500 ducats, but it would be negotiated separately between Musa, and the bailo of Constantinople and the Latin Archbishop of Patras. Notes References Sources 1411 in Europe Selymbria 1411 Selymbria 1411 Ottoman Interregnum 1411 Ottoman Empire–Republic of Venice relations Venetian period in the history of Greece Silivri
Evergage was a cloud-based software that allows users to collect, analyze, and respond to user behavior on their websites and web applications in real-time. In 2020, Evergage was acquired by Salesforce and has been rebranded as Interaction Studio. The company positions itself as a "real-time personalization and customer data platform (CDP)". The company was founded as Apptegic in 2010 by Karl Wirth and Greg Hinkle, who met while working at Red Hat. In May 2012, Evergage was a finalist in the TechCrunch Disrupt Startup Battlefield and, shortly thereafter, launched its cloud-based service. In August 2013, the company changed its name to Evergage. In 2015, Evergage expanded its capabilities to include A/B and multivariate testing, as well as automated product and content recommendations driven by machine learning. The platform also added personalization support for mobile apps and, in 2016, open-time email personalization, and triggered email in 2017. Evergage acquired the e-commerce and email personalization provider MyBuys in 2018. See also Software as a Service Web analytics Customer data platform References Software companies based in Massachusetts Web analytics Cloud applications Defunct software companies of the United States Applications of artificial intelligence Companies based in Massachusetts 2010 establishments in Massachusetts Software companies established in 2010 American companies established in 2010 Salesforce
In Section 203(a) of the Central Utah Project Completion Act, the United States Congress authorized a federally authorized and funded replacement project to replace the Uinta and Upalco Units of the Central Utah Project (CUP) which were not constructed. The replacement project is the Uinta Basin Replacement Project (UBRP). The UBRP will provide: of irrigation water; of municipal and industrial water; reduced wilderness impacts; increased instream flows; and improved recreation. Design work began in 2002. Construction began in 2004 and is anticipated to be completed in 2011. The Central Utah Water Conservancy District is responsible for construction. The United States Department of the Interior oversees funding and compliance with law and environmental regulation. Description of the Uinta Basin The Uinta Mountains are the only major mountain range running east to west in North America. The Uinta Basin lies to the south of the Uinta Mountains and is fed by creeks and rivers flowing south from those mountains. Many of the principal rivers (Strawberry River, Currant Creek, Rock Creek, Lake Fork River, and Uinta River) flow into the Duchesne River which feeds the Green River—a tributary of the Colorado River. The basin is the location of the Ute Tribe of the Uinta and Ouray Reservation (Tribe) which is commonly referred to as the Northern Ute Tribe, as well as the cities of Duchesne, Roosevelt, and Vernal. When oil prices are sufficiently high to overcome the cost of transportation to areas outside the basin, the area's oil industry roars to life (as it has in the past two years). Ordinarily, agriculture (chiefly cattle operations) is the lifeblood of the basin economy; and, in the basin, irrigation is the lifeblood of agriculture. Wilderness designation protects much of the Uinta Mountains. The mountains and associated streams are an important ecological resource. At the sabres game the fan in the section 203 seat 4 said the above Water Development in the Uinta Basin Interests competing for Uinta Basin water include: non-Indian irrigators, the Tribe, the cities, the oil industry, and the natural environment. All water development in the basin has been intended to serve one or more of these interests. The UBRP is founded on and entwined with other water development in the basin. Key stages in that development are the establishment of the Northern Ute Reservation, homesteading and early water development, the Uinta Indian Irrigation Project, the Moon Lake Project, the CUP as originally planned (with the Uinta and Upalco Units), and the current UBRP. The Northern Ute Reservation — The Northern Ute Reservation was established in 1861 and tribal water rights associated with the creation of the reservation share that filing date. To date, the Tribe has not fully asserted its water right claims. An adjudication of Uinta Basin water rights begun by the Utah state engineer in 1956 was placed in abeyance while the Tribe, the State of Utah, and the Secretary of the Interior negotiated a water rights compact. These negotiations, in one form or another, have continued for over forty years, although progress toward agreement has occurred since 2007. Homesteading and Early Water Development — The reservation was opened for homesteading by non-Indians in 1905. During the early decades of the twentieth century, both Indian and non-Indian irrigation systems were constructed, including the construction of the High Mountain Lakes. The Uinta Indian Irrigation Project - The principal Indian irrigation project in the Basin is the Uinta Indian Irrigation Project. The Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA) designed and constructed this project. By 1935, it was irrigating over of Indian land. Today, the UIIP continues to serve Indian and non-Indian irrigators in the Lake Fork drainage and elsewhere in the Basin. It continues to be owned and operated by BIA. The Moon Lake Project - In the 1930s, the Bureau of Reclamation designed and constructed the Moon Lake Project on the Lake Fork River. The Association operates and maintains the Moon Lake Project on behalf of the Bureau of Reclamation and will operate and maintain the enlarged Big Sand Wash Dam and Reservoir. The Central Utah Project – In 1956, congress created the Colorado River Storage Project, authorizing the CUP (as well as other Reclamation projects). The CUP provided for the trans-basin diversion of Uinta Basin water to the Wasatch Front. The Wasatch Front is the most populous area of Utah and includes Provo and Salt Lake City. The project mitigated for the trans-basin diversion by creating the Uinta and Upalco Units. These units would have provided new storage in the Uinta Basin—on the Uinta and Lake Fork Rivers respectively. For a variety of reasons, the Uinta and Upalco Units were never constructed. Section 203 (a) of the Central Utah Project Completion Act authorized funding for UBRP—a project intended to provide similar benefits, in some measure, to those that were promised by the units that were not constructed. Originally, the UBRP project planned under the authority of Section 203 (a) was to serve both Indian and non-Indian needs using Indian and non-Indian water. Although planning continued for several years, the Tribe withdrew its support at the eleventh hour—as contracts were being executed. The departure of the Tribe made a reformulation of the plan necessary. Eventually, a scaled-down version was developed. The scaled-down project intentionally avoided interference with tribal water rights, lands, and interests. The Central Utah Water Conservancy District (District) is the sponsor and entity responsible for repayment of the federal obligation associated with the Bonneville Unit of the CUP and UBRP. Stages Each stage in the Uinta Basin water development brought with it new water facilities. Each stage served a different bundle of water right interests and a different set of constituents. The result is a complex layering of economic interests, water rights, land ownership, management objectives, and politics. Perhaps nowhere in the Basin is this layering and the accompanying actual and potential conflict more focused than the Lake Fork River. The river begins in the High Uintas Wilderness area and feeds thirteen small, high-elevation lakes-turned-reservoirs (High Mountain Lakes). It then provides early-priority Tribe flow rights though a portion of the UIIP, feeds Reclamation's Moon Lake Project (serving non-Indian irrigators), and provides additional irrigation water by exchange with Starvation Reservoir (a CUP feature). Because it diverts Lake Fork River water, integrating UBRP into this already complex and contentious water environment was difficult and problematic. The Feasibility Study and Environmental Assessment for UBRP were published in 2001. As a partial replacement for the Uinta and Upalco Units, UBRP is intended to serve the following purposes: stabilizing the aging and unsafe High Mountain Lakes on the Lake Fork River drainage and restoring ecological values compatible with the High Uintas Wilderness; providing replacement water for the late season irrigation water stored in the High Mountain Lakes; providing of water per year to Roosevelt City for municipal and industrial (M&I) purposes; providing of water per year to Lake Fork River irrigators; facilitating improved water resources management and water conservation in the Uinta Basin by increasing water efficiency, enhancing beneficial use, and developing water storage; and enhancing environmental, fish, wildlife, and recreation resources. The project purposes are to be accomplished by construction (or upgrade) of the following facilities. High Mountain Lakes — The stabilization of the thirteen High Mountain Lakes will eliminate the reservoir storage and will return the lakes to their natural levels. As a result, flows originating in the High Mountain Lakes’ watersheds will return to natural hydraulic runoff patterns and thereby restore fishery and recreational resources in the High Mountain Lakes. In addition, the wilderness impacts associated with operation and maintenance of the High Mountain Lakes will be eliminated. Big Sand Wash Diversion and Feeder Pipeline — Construction of the Big Sand Wash Diversion and Feeder Pipeline has been completed. The Diversion diverts flows from the Lake Fork River into the Feeder Pipeline. The Feeder Pipeline transports the water to Big Sand Wash Reservoir—an existing off-stream reservoir that is being enlarged as part of the project. Enlarged Big Sand Wash Reservoir — The enlargement of the Big Sand Wash Reservoir (by raising the level of the dam and associated dikes and saddle dams) will provide additional water storage capacity and regulation capability. The enlarged reservoir will allow for the storage of water that had been stored in the High Mountain Lakes. This transfer also results in improved instream flow in certain reaches of the Lake Fork River and its principal tributary—the Yellowstone River. The water stored in the enlarged reservoir will serve irrigation and M&I purposes. Increasing the height of the new dam is being accomplished by removing about two-thirds of the downstream side of the old dam, excavating a new keyway immediately downstream of the remaining structure, constructing the new dam, and integrating the remnants of the old dam into the upstream fill of the new, taller structure. Big Sand Wash – Roosevelt Pipeline — The Big Sand Wash – Roosevelt Pipeline will deliver project M&I water to Roosevelt, Utah as well as project irrigation water to the lower portions of Lake Fork drainage systems. External references Engineering projects History of Utah
Bulbophyllum fallax is a species of orchid in the genus Bulbophyllum. References The Bulbophyllum-Checklist The Internet Orchid Species Photo Encyclopedia fallax
Vasyl Mykolayovych Shkliar (; born 10 June 1951 in Hanzhalivka, Lysianka Raion is a Ukrainian writer and political activist. He is one of the most well known and widely read, contemporary Ukrainian authors. Some observers have even named him the “Father of the Ukrainian Bestseller”. The Committee of the Shevchenko National Prize declared him a Shevchenko Prize Laureate in 2011. Early life and education He was born in the village of Hanzhalivka, Lysianka Raion (currently Zvenyhorodka Raion), Cherkasy Oblast), Cherkasy Oblast, where he began school. Subsequently, the family moved to the town of Zvenyhorodka, where Shkliar completed his tenth year of schooling with the award of a silver medal (1968), and subsequently enrolled to the faculty of philology of Kyiv University. He was almost expelled because, during a labour semester at a collective farm he discovered a grenade among some potatoes and laid it in a fire he had kindled in a misguided attempt to neutralise the explosive it contained (this episode is fictionalised in one of his stories “Z Storonoju Doshchyk Ide”). Subsequently, he graduated from the Yerevan State University in 1972. Career He worked in the press until 1986 before embarking on his career as an author of fiction. He has written and published more than ten books, including the novels “Tin Sovy” and “Nostalhia” (Nostalgia) along with collections of novelettes and short stories including “Snih” and “Zhyvytsya”. He has been a member of the Union of Ukrainian Authors since 1978, and the Association of Ukrainian Authors since 1999. Between 1988 and 1999 he was engaged in political journalism and worked in various “hot spots”. This experience, particularly the details of the operation to save the family of General Dudayev after his assassination, was recreated in the novel "Elemental" In 1991 he became a member of the leadership of the Ukrainian Republican Party and was its press secretary until 1998. His popularity as a writer commenced with the publication of the novel “Klyuch” (1999), which gained a few awards. This was the first work by the author after an extended pause in his creative work which began in 1990. Shkliar himself explains the break in his writing career by saying, “It occurred as the sign of some harsh, epoch making change". The novel was written in 1998 after the author was resuscitated and began to work on the text in hospital, and has been repeatedly published in Ukraine (by 2009 it had been published on 12 separate occasions) and abroad (it has been translated into Swedish, Russian and Armenian. Between 200 and 2004 he was the Chief Editor at "Dnipro" publishing He is fluent in Armenian and translates from Armenian and contemporary Greek into Ukrainian. His translation of “Taras Bulba” by Nikolai Gogol, based on the first edition of 1835, resulted in an unusual reaction from the Russian Embassy. Shkliar's use of the original text meant that the amendments made subsequently by Gogol, turning the book from a pro Ukrainian to a Tsarist text, due to a mixture of Russian critical pressure and financial incentives, were omitted. The Russian Ambassador to Ukraine, Viktor Chernomyrdin, subsequently criticised Shkliar for this work. In 2011 Shkliar was a member of the jury for the "Iune Slovо” literary competition. At the end of 2011 Vasyl Shkliar established the international charitable “The Vasyl Shkliar Fund “Kholodnoyarska Respublika”, the main aim of which is charitable activity in support of the development of Ukrainian cinematography. This includes assistance for the creation, distribution and popularisation of a film and the possible subsequent televised version based on Shkliar's novel Raven (Ukrainian: Чорний Ворон, "Chornyi Voron"). The novel “Raven” (Ukrainian: Чорний Ворон, "Chornyi Voron") Shkliar's novel “Chornyi Voron” (about Vasyl Chuchupak and his Kholodny Republic) resonated powerfully in present-day Ukrainian society. The book was published at the end of 2009 by the “Yaroslavskyi val” company (Kyiv) and, practically simultaneously by the company, “Klub simeynoho dozvillya” (Kharkiv) under the name (“Zalyshenets”). Interest in the book was inflated by the newspaper publication of an extract. In July 2011 and audio version of “Zalyshenets” was published by Mystetska Ahentsiya "Nash Format“. The book was narrated by Petro Boyko a prominent Ukrainian radio broadcaster, Priest and cultural activist. The novel recreates one of the most dramatic and, simultaneously, heavily censored pages of Ukrainian history, the struggle undertaken by armed insurgents against the occupying Bolshevik army in the 1920s. Several reviews appeared immediately following the novel's publication and a speech about the book was delivered from the podium of Ukraine's parliament by renowned author and Ukrainian MP Volodymyr Yavorivskyi. The book was translated into English by Steve Komarnyckyj and Susie Speight of Kalyna Language Press and published under the title “Raven” by Aventura ebooks. Other works Pershyi snih (1977) Zhyvytsya (1982) Pralis (1986) Nostalhiya (1989) Tin Sovy (1990) Kliuch (1999) Elemental (2001) Krov kazhana (2003) The Decameron (a translation into Ukrainian of Bocaccio's classic work) (2006) Repetytsiya satany (2006) Chereshni v zhyti Raven ( or Zalyshents/ Chornyi Voron in Ukrainian (2009) (translated into English by Steve Komarnyckyj and Susie Speight of Kalyna Language Press in 2012) Marusia (2014) Awards 1995 - "Zolote Pero”, the Union of Ukrainian Journalists 1999 - “Zolotyi Babaj”, for the most sharply focused novel awarded for “Klyuch” 2001 - "Koronatsiya slova", first prize in the novel category for “Elemental” 2003 - “Spiral stolit”, an international prize for works in the fantasy genre. Shkliar was awarded the prize for the best Ukrainian Language Fantasy for “Klyuch”[5] 2011 - The National Ukrainian Taras Shevchenko Premier, for the novel «"Zalyshenets. Chornyi Voron" (Committee of the National Ukrainian Taras Shevchenko Premier National Premier awarded Shkliar the laureateship in the middle of February 2011.On the 4 March 2011 Shkliar wrote to the President of Ukraine, Viktor Yanukovych in which he requested the President to “take account in your order regarding the award of the Shevchenko Laureateship of my request for my award to be deferred until such time as the Ukrainophobe Dmytro Tabachnyk is no longer in power.” In the presidential decree published shortly thereafter, No. 275/2011 of 4 March 2011"Regarding the adjudication of the National Ukrainian Taras Shevchenko Premier” no reference is made to Vasyl Shkliar. The subsequent fate of the award is as yet unknown. On 17 April 2011 in Kholodnyi Yar Vasyl Shkliar was awarded the first ever People's Shevchenko Prize. The ceremony was held at the memorial on the site of the last battle fought by Otaman Vasyl Chuchupaka. References External links Vasyl Shkliar's charitable fund, Kholodnyi Yar Interview with Vasyl Shkliar in which he discusses Crimea Vasyl Shkliar on how he fought for Dmytro Tabachnyk's resignation 1951 births Living people People from Cherkasy Oblast Ukrainian male writers Yerevan State University alumni
Camille Choquier (born 25 September 1941) is a French former professional football player and manager. Career During his career as a player, he played for Abbeville, Épinal, Stade Saint-Germain, and its successor, Paris Saint-Germain. He coached Paris Saint-Germain, Amiens, Melun, Poissy, Racing 92, Corbeil-Essonnes, Les Lilas, and the France police national team. During his manager years, Choquier would occasionally venture out into different roles. In 1985, he briefly became technical director at PSG. From 1987 to 1988, he worked as a scout for Mantes. From 2001 to 2003, he was coordinator of scouting for Paris Saint-Germain in the Île-de-France region. After football In 2004, Choquier became a member of the Direction Technique Nationale. He would later become a member of the UNECATEF union. After this, he would work in youth football for the . Honours Player Paris Saint-Germain Division 2: 1970–71 Manager Les Lilas Division d'Honneur Paris: 1994–95 Championnat de France Amateur 2: References External links 1941 births Living people Footballers from Somme (department) French men's footballers SC Abbeville players SAS Épinal players Stade Saint-Germain players Paris Saint-Germain F.C. players Ligue 1 players Ligue 2 players French football managers Paris Saint-Germain F.C. managers Amiens SC managers Racing Club de France Football managers AS Corbeil-Essonnes (football) managers Men's association football goalkeepers French Division 3 (1971–1993) players Championnat de France Amateur (1935–1971) players
Basera is an Indian soap opera that aired on NDTV Imagine. It aired from 17 August 2009 to 3 December 2009 and starred Ram Kapoor and Pallavi Subhash. Plot The story is how old couples are treated in many families; how they cope with disregard from their children; and how they come out strong from the challenges thrown at them by life. Cast References External links Official website Imagine TV original programming 2009 Indian television series endings 2009 Indian television series debuts
Mary Darwall (née Whateley; 1738 – 5 December 1825), who sometimes wrote as Harriett Airey, was an English poet and playwright. She belonged to the Shenstone Circle of writers gathered round William Shenstone in the English Midlands. She later explored subjects that included the nature of female friendship and the place of women writers. Life and work Born in Beoley, Worcestershire into the prosperous farming family of William Whateley (1694–1763), Mary Whateley was the youngest of nine children, of whom seven survived infancy. She had little formal education, but by 1759 she was having poems published in The Gentleman's Magazine as Harriett Airey or Airy. In 1760 Whateley moved to Walsall in Staffordshire to work as a housekeeper to her brother. There her poetry was noticed in 1761 by William Shenstone, who was impressed: "That she has generous and delicate sentiments, as well as ingenuity, may, I think, be fairly concluded from the whole tenor of her Poetry." Her first volume of Original Poems on Several Occasions appeared from Robert Dodsley in 1764. It held 30 works, including odes and hymns and a satire, "The Power of Destiny", which considers how different her existence would have been had she been born male. It went through several editions in London, Dublin and Walsall. She stands up in a Dedication for the place of women in literature, saying she looks down "with a just contempt on the invidious reflections... of Prejudice" against that. She presents herself also as a foe to negativism: "Nought I condemn but that Excess which clouds/The mental Faculties, to soothe the Sense:/Let Reason, Truth, and Virtue, guide thy Steps,/And ev'ry Blessing Heav'n bestows be thine." In 1766 Whateley married John Darwall, a widowed clergyman and father of five or six, by whom she had six further children. Despite family responsibilities and helping her husband to run a printing press, she continued to write, producing hymns for her husband's congregation, perhaps the best known of these being the tune Darwall, usually sung to "Rejoice, the Lord is King". This appears in 221 hymnals. She also wrote a play for a local theatre. At least five of her poems appeared in miscellanies between 1770 and 1785. Liberty: An Elegy, for example, appeared in that form in 1775 and again in 1783. Her poem "Female Friendship", which appeared in The Westminster Magazine in April 1776, puts this in a context of self-sacrificing heterosexual friendship. On the death of her husband in 1789, Mary Darwall moved to Deritend, Birmingham, and then in 1793 to Newtown in Montgomeryshire, from where she published in 1794 a second collection, Poems on Several Occasions. This included some work by others, probably two of her daughters, one of whom, Elizabeth, would publish The Storm, with Other Poems in 1810, to which Mary in turn is thought to have contributed four poems. Mary Darwall died in Walsall on 5 December 1825. Publications Original Poems on Several Occasions (1764) Poems on Several Occasions (2 volumes, 1794). Online: Retrieved 10 January 2016. External sources "The Pleasure of Contemplation by Miss Whateley", from Original Poems..., online Retrieved 10 January 2016 "On the Author's Husband Desiring her to Write Some Verses", reprinted in Deborah Kennedy: "Literary Women. Book Review", Eighteenth-Century Studies 35.2 (2002), pp. 320–323. This points out the time constraints on a busy housewife. "Written on Walking in the Woods of Gregynog in Montgomeryshire", from Poems on Several Occasions, online Retrieved 10 January 2016 Scholarly assessment: Ann Messenger: Woman and Poet in the Eighteenth Century: The Life of Mary Whateley Darwall, 1738–1825 (New York: AMS Press, 1999) References External links Mary Darwall at the Eighteenth-Century Poetry Archive (ECPA) 1738 births 1825 deaths English women poets Anglican poets Writers from Worcestershire Pseudonymous women writers 18th-century English women writers 18th-century pseudonymous writers People from Bromsgrove District
The Kamjong district of Manipur state in India is divided into 4 sub-districts called blocks. At the time of the 2011 Census of India, the Kamjong district (created in 2016) was a part of the Ukhrul district. Blocks The Kamjong district has four sub-divisions called blocks: Kamjong, Phungyar, Sahamphung, and Kasom Khullen. Villages Kamjong block The Kamjong block includes the following villages: Phungyar The Phungyar block includes the following villages: The following villages are not listed in the 2011 census directory: Ngabrum (Kumram), Leinganching, and Nagyophung. Sahamphung The Sahamphung block includes the following villages: Kasom Khullen The Kasom Khullen block includes the following villages: The following villages are not listed in the 2011 census directory:Bohoram, Khonglo, Khunthak, Kongluiram, Nambashi Horton, Ngaranphung, Punomram, Reishangphung, Sangpunram, Somthar, and Tamaram. References Kamjong
North Point Power Station () was a power station in Hong Kong located on Electric Road in North Point and near Fortress Hill, to the west side of where the City Garden housing estate is now located. It was built to replace the inadequate Wan Chai Power Station and was owned and operated by Hongkong Electric. History North Point was chosen as the location for the new power station because at the time of construction it was a long way from the Hong Kong urban area of Victoria City. The project began in 1913 but due to the outbreak of World War I the plant did not become operational until the summer of 1919. On commissioning the plant had a total generating capacity of around . The road in front of the site was renamed Electric Road while the presence of the plant gave nearby "Power Street" (大強街) its name. Battle of Hong Kong In 1941, during the Battle of Hong Kong just prior to the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong the plant was severely damaged during artillery and aerial bombardment. The battle of the North Point Power station occurred shortly after the Japanese troops landed on the North Point shore and tried to push through towards Wan Chai. The plant was hastily defended by members of the Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps, Punjab Regiment and stragglers from the Middlesex Machine Gun Unit in Hong Kong. The Power station was taken after fierce fighting, and a platoon of Hong Kong Volunteer Defence Corps Armoured Cars attempted a counter-attack. However, all the armoured cars received hits from Japanese artillery and armoured weapons. All members of the platoon died except for a Lieutenant who managed to escape. Casualties from the battle included the plant's manager Vincent Sorby, who later died in a prison camp of wounds received during the attack. After the war, the plant was repaired and extended several times to cope with growing electricity demand in 1950s Hong Kong. By 1966 its output had reached . Later history and decommissioning At 10:26 am on the morning of 25 March 1977, a fire broke out at the plant causing power cuts on Hong Kong Island stretching from Central to Shau Kei Wan. The fire originated in a cable terminating room on the ground floor and was fuelled by a large quantity of oil-filled cables and cable oil. Traffic ground to a halt owing to disabled traffic lights and trams. The fire was put out by 12:57 pm. Aside from the above incident, except for during its early years and because of wartime damage, only two blackouts occurred at North Point during its operational lifetime. One was caused by a fire at the plant in 1930 and the other occurred when a shoal of fish were sucked into the cooling system the same year. As Hong Kong developed, North Point Power Station was gradually assimilated into the urban area. In 1968, the plant's adverse effect on the local environment led to Hong Kong Electric building a new power station at Ap Lei Chau. North Point was officially decommissioned in 1978. The former power station is now part of the large scale City Garden housing development. See also List of power stations in Hong Kong References External links Industrial History of Hong Kong entry Gwulo entry Former power stations in Hong Kong North Point
Anna Henrietta Bergendahl (born 11 December 1991) is a Swedish singer and songwriter. She took part in Swedish TV4 music program Super Troupers in 2004, and in Idol 2008 where she reached the Final 5 before being eliminated. In 2009, Bergendahl signed for Lionheart Records. Her debut album was released on 14 April 2010. Bergendahl won Melodifestivalen 2010 with the song "This Is My Life" and represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 2010, but failed to qualify for the final. The song topped the Swedish Singles Chart on 5 March 2010. Biography Early life Bergendahl was born in Hägersten, Stockholm, and raised in Nyköping and Katrineholm. She is of partial Irish descent, as her grandmother was born and lives in Ireland. Her first performance in front of an audience was in a cathedral in York when she was only eight years old. Idol 2008 Bergendahl successfully applied for the TV4 talent show Idol 2008 with her rendition of Bonnie Raitt's "Have a Heart", which received praise from the jury consisting of Laila Bagge, Anders Bagge and Andreas Carlsson. She later sang songs like ABBA's "Mamma Mia", Py Bäckman's "Stad i ljus", "Save Up All Your Tears", "Bleeding Love" by Leona Lewis, "The Best" and "Over the Rainbow". Bergendahl finished fifth in the Idol season which was later won by Kevin Borg. In 2009, Bergendahl was approached by Kristian Lagerström and Bobby Ljunggren and asked if she wanted to record a song for Melodifestivalen 2010. Melodifestivalen and Eurovision 2010 Anna Bergendahl participated in Melodifestivalen 2010 with the song "This Is My Life", written and produced by Kristian Lagerström (lyrics) and Bobby Ljunggren (music). The song won the final in Ericsson Globe on 13 March 2010, with 214 points. Bergendahl represented Sweden at the Eurovision Song Contest 2010 in Oslo, Norway, where she became the first Swedish singer not to qualify for the final since the introduction of the semifinals in 2004 (although she placed 11th, just outside the top 10 qualifiers by a margin of 5 points). "This Is My Life'" was the first ballad to win Melodifestivalen since 1998 when Kärleken är won and was also Sweden's 50th entry in the Eurovision Song Contest. 2010–present: Return to Melodifestivalen and other projects After Eurovision Bergendahl participated in Allsång på Skansen, Sommarkrysset, and Lotta på Liseberg. She also went on a tour and sang songs from her debut album. In 2012 Bergendahl released her new album Something to Believe In with the debut single from the new album being "Live and Let Go". In 2019, she released two new singles, "Home" and "Speak Love". She participated in Melodifestivalen 2019 with the song "Ashes to Ashes". Bergendahl competed in Melodifestivalen 2020 with the song "Kingdom Come". She placed third, scoring 107 points. The song became the second most played song on Swedish airplay and also sold platinum. During late 2020, Bergendahl released "Thelma and Louise". The EP Vera was released in October 2020 and contains five songs written by Bergendahl. By the end of the year, she also released her Christmas song, "It Never Snows in California". On 13 August 2021, Bergendahl released "Grain of Trust", written together with Peter Kvint. Bergendahl returned to Melodifestivalen again in 2022 with the song "Higher Power". She made it to the final on 12 March 2022 and finished in last place with 29 points. Discography Studio albums Extended plays Singles As lead artist As featured artist Other charted songs References External links 1991 births Living people Singers from Stockholm English-language singers from Sweden Idol (Swedish TV series) participants Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2010 Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Sweden Swedish people of Irish descent 21st-century Swedish singers 21st-century Swedish women singers Melodifestivalen contestants of 2022 Melodifestivalen contestants of 2020 Melodifestivalen contestants of 2019 Melodifestivalen contestants of 2010
Harry Ivarson (September 7, 1892 – 1967) was a Norwegian film director and screenwriter. Ivarson was born in Chicago, the son of the actor William Ivarson and actress Anna Ivarson. In addition to Harry, the couple had a son Wictor (born in 1893) and a daughter Borghild (born in 1895). In 1910 the family lived in Årstad. Ivarson studied film in the United States and Germany. He debuted as a director and screenwriter in Germany in 1923 with the film Wenn Männer richten under the pseudonym Harry Williams. He continued his career in Norway with the films Til sæters (1924), Fager er lien (1925), Simen Mustrøens besynderlige opplevelser (1926), Madame besøker Oslo (1927), and Den glade enke i Trangvik (1927), which was his last silent film. In the 1930s, Ivarson switched to sound films, and together with Per Aabel he directed Jeppe på bjerget in 1933. He directed his last film in 1943, the documentary Bergen. Ivarson was the head of the NRK office in Bergen during the Second World War. Filmography Director 1923: Wenn Männer richten 1924: Til sæters 1925: Fager er lien 1926: Simen Mustrøens besynderlige opplevelser 1927: Madame besøker Oslo 1927: Den glade enke i Trangvik 1933: Jeppe på bjerget 1943: Bergen Screenwriter 1923: Wenn Männer richten 1924: Til sæters 1925: Fager er lien 1926: Simen Mustrøens besynderlige opplevelser 1927: Madame besøker Oslo 1927: Den glade enke i Trangvik 1933: Jeppe på bjerget 1943: Bergen References Norwegian film directors Norwegian screenwriters Film directors from Illinois 1892 births 1967 deaths 20th-century screenwriters
The Lancaster County House of Employment, also known as Old County Hospital Building No. 1, is an historic American building that is located in Lancaster Township, Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. History and architectural features Built between 1799 and 1801, this historic structure is a two-story, fifteen-bay wide, stuccoed, stone building. It has a full width front porch with Tuscan order columns that added roughly between 1875 and 1876. The same renovation added Gothic Revival-style details. It has been in continuous ownership by Lancaster County since its construction. Built as a poor house, it was used as the House of Employment until 1876, when it was converted to a hospital. It later housed county offices. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. Gallery References Further reading , Masters Thesis Government buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania Gothic Revival architecture in Pennsylvania Government buildings completed in 1801 Buildings and structures in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania Residential buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania National Register of Historic Places in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania
Carlo of Naples and Sicily (; 4 January 1775 – 17 December 1778) was Duke of Calabria as heir to Naples and Sicily. Biography Born at the Caserta Palace near Naples, he was known as the Duke of Calabria at birth as the heir apparent to his father's throne. His mother was a daughter of Empress Maria Theresa and thus sister of Marie Antoinette. A member of the House of Bourbon, he was a prince of Naples and Sicily by birth. He was the hereditary prince of Naples. His birth allowed his mother to have a place in the Council of State, pursuant to his parents' marriage contract. Carlo died of smallpox aged 3. Six of his younger siblings would die of smallpox also: Princess Maria Anna (in 1780), Prince Giuseppe (in 1783), Prince Gennaro (in 1789), Prince Carlo Gennaro (also in 1789), Princess Maria Clotilde (in 1792) and Princess Maria Enricheta (also in 1792). He was buried at the Church of Santa Chiara in Naples. References 1775 births 1778 deaths People from Caserta House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies Neapolitan princes Heirs apparent who never acceded Sicilian princes Deaths from smallpox Dukes of Calabria Burials at the Basilica of Santa Chiara Italian Roman Catholics Hereditary Princes of Naples 18th-century Roman Catholics Knights of the Golden Fleece of Spain Royalty who died as children Sons of kings
Joseph Richardson (1830 – 25 September 1902) was a Liberal Party politician in England. Career Richardson was a son of Caleb Richardson, a member of an old Quaker family. He had several brothers, including Edwin Richardson (d.1902) and Stansfield Richardson, who both served as Mayors of Sunderland. Richardson was head of the firm of Messrs. Richardson, Duck and Company, one of the chief shipbuilding firms on the Tees River, which in 1852 turned out the first two iron vessels launched on the river. He was also largely interested in the Durham collieries and iron works. Richardson was five times Mayor of the borough of Stockton-on-Tees, including on his death in 1902. He was a Deputy Lieutenant of Durham and a Vice-Chairman of the Durham County Council. He was elected as Member of Parliament (MP) for South East Durham at the 1892 general election. He was defeated at the 1895 general election by the Liberal Unionist Sir Henry Havelock-Allan, who he had ousted in 1892. Havelock-Allan died in 1897, and Richardson won the resulting by-election in 1898, but lost his seat again at the 1900 general election. He died after a long illness on 25 September 1902, aged 72. He was three times married. References External links 1830 births 1902 deaths Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies UK MPs 1892–1895 UK MPs 1895–1900
The 2010 British 125 Championship season was the 23rd British 125cc Championship season, the class is open to anyone of any age and sex. James Lodge stayed in the class after winning the championship last season, and was looking to be the first person to successfully defend the British 125cc Championship. With a number of riders leaving to move up to other classes such as superstock 600, new challengers emerged to challenge for the title. With the two stroke classes disappearing from the world scene in 2012, the future of the 125 championship in Britain is looking doubtful. As well as the main championship there was a separate class called the ACU Academy Cup, for 13- to 16-year-old riders, with an end of season prize of paid entries to the final two rounds of the CEV Championship (Spanish 125 Championship) at Valencia and Jerez. A number of the riders from the British 125 Championship also contested the Red Bull MotoGP Rookie Cup, a championship for 125cc motorcycles that takes place alongside specific rounds of Grand Prix motorcycle racing. In 2010, Danny Kent, Harry Stafford and Taylor Mackenzie all raced in the championship finishing second, seventh and 15th respectively. Lodge eventually retained his title but only after coming out of a final round, three-way title battle with Rob Guiver and Deane Brown. Lodge won the championship by four points, taking four victories over the course of the season, with Guiver finishing second ahead of Brown on countback; two victories to Brown's one. Taylor Mackenzie (3), John McPhee and Ross Walker were the other riders to win races over the season. Brown won the secondary Academy Cup with six victories. Calendar The British 125 Championship was a support series for the main British Superbike Championship, and thus it followed the same calendar structure with one race per meeting held on the Sunday. Notes: 1. – The Knockhill race was cancelled due to bad weather conditions. 2. – As a result, there was a double header of 125 action at Croft with Race one taking place on Saturday 11 September and race 2 taking place on the Sunday. The grid positions from Knockhill were carried forward for the first race. Riders who did not take part at Knockhill were not eligible to enter the first race at Croft. 3. – The first race at Croft was stopped after three laps and restarted, before the restart was stopped after three laps due to a circuit curfew. The race result was declared, with half points awarded as per series regulations. Championship standings Riders' Standings ACU Academy Cup Standings References External links The official website of the British Superbike Championship 125
Andromachi () is a district of the Katerini municipality in northern Greece. Before 1986 it was part of the community of Svoronos. The 2011 census recorded 1,061 inhabitants in the settlement, which is a part of the community of Katerini. Andromachi is the only district of Katerini on the right bank of the river Pelekas. See also List of settlements in the Pieria regional unit References Populated places in Pieria (regional unit)
RBC scholarships offered to students by Royal Bank of Canada Scholarships RBC Royal Bank Scholarship for Undergraduates Students entering 2nd to final year of an undergraduate university or college program. 9 awards worth $5,000, $3,000 or $2,000 each RBC Royal Bank Scholarship for First-Year Medical & Dental Students Students entering first year of a Canadian medical or dental school in the 2009/2010 academic year. 27 awards worth $5,000 each RBC Junior 'A' Scholarship Awards Hockey Players on a Canadian Junior 'A' Team. 10 awards worth $1,000 each, plus 1 award worth $5,000 RBC Royal Bank Financial Lifeskills Scholarships Graduating high school or CEGEP students. 10 awards of $2,009 RBC Royal Bank Scholarship for New Canadians Graduating high school or CEGEP students born outside Canada. 12 awards worth $3,500 each RBC Aboriginal Student Awards Program Status and non-status Indians, Inuit or Métis pursuing post-secondary education. 10 awards of $4,000 RBC Financial Group Junior ‘A’ Scholarships, starting in 2002, are awarded to one player from each of the Canadian Junior Hockey League Junior ‘A’ Hockey Leagues. One of those is chosen as the national winner and is awarded a national scholarship. Scholarships are awarded on the basis of academic achievement, hockey achievement and community involvement. Players eligible for the RBC Financial Group Junior ‘A’ Scholarships must be a Canadian citizen, on a Canadian Junior ‘A’ team roster and registered or applying for full-time post-secondary studies. RBC Financial Group MJHL Scholarship as of the 2007-08 season. References RBC Scholarships http://www.rbcroyalbank.com/RBC:SncqHY71A8UAJbAW3kw/scholarships/ Hockey Canada Manitoba Junior Hockey League trophies and awards Scholarships in Canada
83rd Brigade may refer to: 83rd Guards Air Assault Brigade (Russia) 83rd Mixed Brigade (Spain) 83rd Brigade (United Kingdom) See also 83rd Division (disambiguation) 83rd Regiment (disambiguation)
Çifteköprü is a village in the Borçka District, Artvin Province, Turkey. Its population is 261 (2021). History According to list of villages in Laz language book (2009), name of the village is Jurxinci, which means "double bridge". Most villagers are ethnically Laz. References Villages in Borçka District Laz settlements in Turkey
The 1951 Wyoming Cowboys football team was an American football team that represented the University of Wyoming as a member of the Skyline Conference during the 1951 college football season. In their fifth season under head coach Bowden Wyatt, the Cowboys compiled a 7–2–1 record (5–1–1 against Skyline opponents), finished second in the conference, and outscored opponents by a total of 220 to 82. The team was ranked at No. 62 in the 1951 Litkenhous Ratings. Schedule References Wyoming Wyoming Cowboys football seasons Wyoming Cowboys football
John Allen House may refer to: John Quincy Allen House, Buford, Georgia, listed on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) John C. Allen House, Summersville, Kentucky, listed on the NRHP in Green County, Kentucky John Allen House (Keene, Kentucky), listed on the NRHP in Woodford County, Kentucky See also Allen House (disambiguation)
Isodar is a theory of habitat selection in population biology proposed by Douglas W. Morris. The theory underscores the importance of the abundance and thus competition between the members of the same species in selecting habitats. The name "isodar" stems from "iso" in Latin meaning same and "dar" from Darwin. Background and theory An isodar, or habitat isodar, is a theory in evolutionary ecology developed in the late 1980s by Douglas W. Morris. Isodars model density-dependent habitat selection for one or two species in two habitats according to the ideal free and ideal despotic distributions. Isodar is a two-part word: "iso" meaning equal in Latin; "dar" for Darwinian evolution, and is defined as all combinations of population densities in habitats A and B such that both habitats offer the same fitness reward. Animals displaying an ideal free distribution distribute themselves among patches (sources of a resource) in such a way that each individual get the same amount of the resource. For example, if food is twice as abundant in habitat A compared to habitat B, the ideal free distribution-based model would predict that there will accordingly be twice as many animals competing for food in habitat A compared to habitat B. If the total number of animals is considered to be variable, there are two ways this can be plotted on a two-dimensional Cartesian graph. One way is to plot two lines on a graph of fitness vs. density of individuals. This graph can be used to predict the density of individuals at any given level of fitness. The second is to plot the density of individuals in habitat A vs. the density of individuals in habitat B when the fitness of all individuals is equal. The line in this second graph is an isodar line. Ideal free isodars predict that a species density in habitat A will increase linearly with its density in habitat B so that each individual in the species has the same fitness. If habitat A has higher quality resources than habitat B, then proportionately more individuals would be in habitat A then in habitat B. This can be shown on either a Fitness-Density graph (Figure 1) or a graph of density in two habitats (Figure 2). Applications Isodars can be used to study density-dependent habitat selection between two species competing for two habitats. Species will equilibrate between the two habitats two maintain equal fitness within their own species and avoid competition with the other species. Isodars have also been used to show the effect of human habitat selection on biodiversity. They can also be employed to examine the cost and density dependence of habitat selection in a population. Criticism leveled against the method includes the fact that in attempting to condense a very complex combination of parameters into the single metric of population density, misleading conclusions about the underlying dynamics may be suggested or supported. References Population ecology Evolutionary ecology
African American Museum (formerly the Afro-American Cultural & Historical Society Museum) in Cleveland, Ohio was founded in 1953 by Icabod Flewellen. The Museum is housed in a 100-year-old Carnegie Library building. The Museum works to educate young people about the positive contributions of blacks to the cultures of the world, and to eliminate the distorted portrayals and images of black people. History The African American Museum in Cleveland was founded by Icabod Flewellen in 1953. It became the first independent African American museum to open in America. Flewellen was a long-time resident of East Cleveland and best known for his extensive collection of African-American historical artifacts and souvenirs. By age 13, Flewellen began collecting historical newspaper clippings dedicated to the history of black Americans, a passion inspired by the writings of Jamaican-born author J. A. Rogers. Icabod’s first museum collection, which he noted had been exceedingly rich with historical material, was destroyed at his West Virginia home in a firebomb by white supremacists shortly after his return from the military. Flewellen’s collection of materials, after the fire in his West Virginia home, eventually became the main artifacts of the Museum. He then migrated to Cleveland, Ohio in 1949, began collecting materials again, and relaunched his second African American Museum originally known as the Afro-American Historical and Cultural Society in 1953. The majority of Flewellen’s collected material was obtained by visiting neighbors and asking them about their family histories. One collection that remains in the museum today is from the Cleveland’s "Parade of Progress" in 1964. Other portions of his collection went to the East Cleveland Library Debra Ann November Center. Mission The African American Museum, formerly the Afro-American Cultural & Historical Society Museum which was established in April 1953 is located at 1765 Crawford Rd. in Cleveland. It is a nonprofit cultural and educational museum that aims to share the achievements of African Americans. Flewellen believed that everyone should have the opportunity to see the accomplishments of Africans and those of African descent. Although they were originally stored at his home on Harkness Avenue, it was moved in 1968 to a classroom at St. Marian’s School. In May 1973, the collection (more than 200,000 items at the time) was moved to 1839 E. 81st St., where it was housed until February 1983, when the Cleveland Public Library (CPL) leased Flewellen its Treasure House building on Crawford Rd. CPL turned over the management of the building to the museum in September 1984. The museum building was renamed Icabod Flewellen in 1987 and can be seen in the photo. Funding Flewellen worked other jobs to support this project and due to an increase in black history interest, he received grants for special projects, such as a $10,000 grant from the Cleveland Foundation in 1970 to catalog his collection. The Ohio Humanities Council and the National Endowment for the Humanities also provided support, and in 1983 the museum received a $50,000 community development block grant for lectures to schoolchildren and community groups. In 1992 the museum received grants from the Cleveland and Gund Foundations. Closure The museum has been closed since 2005 due to lack of proper building functions and funds. As of 2010, it is open only on selected days. It is raising funds in hopes of re-opening. Its mission will remain the same: to store, share, and educate the public on contributions made to the world by people of African descent. Over the decades, the museum has provided the Cleveland community with cultural education about black history and events that celebrate African Americans. Exhibits African Past and Present Civil Movements in America Reflections of Black Life in Cleveland Black Scientists and Inventors (Supported in part by NASA.) The African Solar Village Outreach Project In partnership with Green Energy Ohio the museum hosted an exhibit on the use of solar power in African Villages. The museum installed a solar panel on its roof. The components of the system are in a clear display case and part of the exhibit. The African Solar Village Outreach Project plans to establish creative avenues for teaching science and mathematics, specifically Solar Energy, to visitors. The African Solar Village exhibit, its other tours and hands-on activities are designed to offer an understanding of how science and culture interrelate in unique ways. See also List of museums focused on African Americans References External links African American Museum in Cleveland African-American museums in Ohio Museums in Cleveland Museums established in 1953 African-American history in Cleveland Hough, Cleveland 1953 establishments in Ohio
```yaml # Test to verify that resource references available on the Api resource are properly resolved Resources: MyApi: Type: AWS::Serverless::Api Properties: StageName: Prod DefinitionUri: ${definitionuri} Outputs: StageName: Value: Ref: MyApi.Stage ApiId: Value: Ref: MyApi DeploymentId: Value: Ref: MyApi.Deployment Metadata: SamTransformTest: true ```
Saint-Sébastien-d'Aigrefeuille (; ) is a commune in the Gard department in southern France. Population See also Communes of the Gard department References Communes of Gard
Solano Cassamajor (born November 21, 1995) is a Belgian male acrobatic gymnast. Along with his partner, Yana Vastavel, he finished 4th in the 2014 Acrobatic Gymnastics World Championships. References External links 1995 births Living people Belgian acrobatic gymnasts Male acrobatic gymnasts Belgian sportsmen Gymnasts at the 2015 European Games European Games medalists in gymnastics European Games silver medalists for Belgium People from Willebroek Sportspeople from Antwerp Province 21st-century Belgian people
Kubachi (; Dargwa: ГӏярбукI) is an urban locality (an urban-type settlement) in Dakhadayevsky District of the Republic of Dagestan, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 3,060. History Kubachi is the namesake of Kubachi ware, a style of Persian pottery which was found in great abundance here. In Persian chronicles, the village is mentioned as early as the 4th century under the Persian name of زره‌گران Zerihgaran (Place of chain mail makers). Urban-type settlement status was granted to Kubachi in 1965. Administrative and municipal status Within the framework of administrative divisions, the urban-type settlement of Kubachi is incorporated within Dakhadayevsky District as Kubachi Settlement (an administrative division of the district). As a municipal division, Kubachi Settlement is incorporated within Dakhadayevsky Municipal District as Kubachi Urban Settlement. See also Kubachi silver Kubachi ware External links References Notes Sources Urban-type settlements in the Republic of Dagestan
Hand signaling, also known as arb or arbing (short for arbitrage), is a system of hand signals used on financial trading floors to communicate buy and sell information in an open outcry trading environment. The system is used at financial exchanges such as the Chicago Mercantile Exchange (CME) and the American Stock Exchange (AMEX). The AMEX is the only U.S. stock market to permit the transmission of buy and sell orders through hand signals. Traders usually flash the signals quickly across a room to make a sale or a purchase. Signals that occur with palms facing out and hands away from the body are an indication the gesturer wishes to sell. When traders face their palms in and hold their hands up, they are gesturing to buy. Numbers one through five are gestured on one hand with the fingers pointing directly upwards. To indicate six through ten, the hand is held sideways, parallel to the ground. Counting starts from six when the hand is held in this way. Numbers gestured from the forehead are blocks of ten; blocks of hundreds and thousands can be indicated by repeatedly touching the forehead with a closed fist. The signals can otherwise be used to indicate months, specific trade option combinations or additional market information. Rules vary significantly among exchanges; however, the purpose of the gestures remains the same. See also Chinese number gestures Finger binary Nonverbal communication Sign language References External links Trading Pit History Sign systems
Binta Zahra Diop (born 30 June 1990 in Dakar) is a Senegalese swimmer, who specialized in butterfly events. She is also a two-time bronze medalist for the 50 m butterfly event at the All-Africa Games. Diop represented Senegal at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, and competed for the women's 100 m butterfly event. She won the first heat, with a time of 1:04.26. Diop, however, failed to advance into the semi-final rounds, as she placed forty-seventh in the overall rankings. References External links NBC Olympics Profile Senegalese female swimmers Living people Olympic swimmers for Senegal Swimmers at the 2008 Summer Olympics Female butterfly swimmers Sportspeople from Dakar 1990 births African Games bronze medalists for Senegal African Games medalists in swimming Competitors at the 2007 All-Africa Games Competitors at the 2011 All-Africa Games
Acinetobacter gandensis is a bacterium from the genus Acinetobacter which has been isolated from horse and cattle dung in Merelbeke in Belgium. References External links Type strain of Acinetobacter gandensis at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Moraxellaceae Bacteria described in 2014
Nikolayevka () is a rural locality (a selo) and the administrative centre of Nikolayevsky Selsoviet, Tuymazinsky District, Bashkortostan, Russia. The population was 724 as of 2010. There are 10 streets. Geography Nikolayevka is located 28 km southeast of Tuymazy (the district's administrative centre) by road. Aytaktamak is the nearest rural locality. References Rural localities in Tuymazinsky District
Clive Clark (12 December 1940 – 1 May 2014) was an English footballer, known during his playing days by the nickname "Chippy". Career Clark was a skilful left-winger who began his career at Leeds United as a teenager in the 1950s, but never broke into the first team at Elland Road. He joined Queens Park Rangers in September 1958, making his debut against AFC Bournemouth and went on to play 66 league games for Rangers, scoring 8 goals. A move to West Bromwich Albion in 1960 saw him play in the First Division for the first time. He spent nine years at the Hawthorns, forming part of an attacking force which later included Tony Brown, Jeff Astle and Bobby Hope. He scored both of West Brom's goals in their defeat at the hands of Queens Park Rangers in the 1967 Football League Cup Final and also scored in the second leg of West Brom's victory over West Ham United in the final of the same competition a year earlier. He also picked up an FA Cup winner's medal with Albion in 1968. He returned to QPR briefly in 1969, before signing for Preston North End in 1969-70, making his debut against Bristol City on 24 January 1970. He made 83 appearances (including 2 as sub) for the Deepdale club, scoring 12 goals, and won a Third Division championship medal in 1970-71. Clark moved to Southport in 1973, where he ended his career after just one season in the Third Division, playing eight league games and scoring once. After retiring, he spent many years living in Filey. Death Clark died on 1 May 2014 at the age of 73. A minute's applause was held in his memory prior to West Bromwich Albion's final game of the 2013–14 season, at home to Stoke City. The Albion players also wore black armbands for the game. The flags at Albion's home ground, the Hawthorns, flew at half-mast on the day of his funeral. Honours West Brom FA Cup (1): 1968 Football League Cup (1): 1966 References External links 1940 births 2014 deaths Footballers from Leeds English men's footballers England men's under-23 international footballers Leeds United F.C. players Queens Park Rangers F.C. players West Bromwich Albion F.C. players Preston North End F.C. players Southport F.C. players Washington Diplomats (NASL) players English Football League players North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players People from Filey Men's association football midfielders English expatriate sportspeople in the United States Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States English expatriate men's footballers
Statistics of Czechoslovak First League in the 1925–26 season. Overview It was contested by 12 teams, and Sparta Prague won the championship. Jan Dvořáček was the league's top scorer with 32 goals. League standings Results Top goalscorers References Czechoslovakia - List of final tables (RSSSF) Czechoslovak First League seasons 1925–26 in Czechoslovak football Czech
The Sakalava rail (Zapornia olivieri) is a species of bird in the family Rallidae. It is endemic to western Madagascar. This bird is small with brown upperpart feathers, grey underparts, a yellow bill and red legs. The habitat of this rail species is freshwater marshes of reed Phragmites mauritianus. It is classified as Endangered and is threatened by habitat loss due to the destruction of wetlands in Madagascar. Description Sakalava rail measures 19 cm with grey underparts, a yellow bill and red eyes. This rail species exhibits some evidence of sexual dimorphism of different body size and colors. Males are smaller, thinner, have rufous-brown upperparts and bright red shanks. Females are larger, have brown-green upperparts and pale pink shanks. Juvenile and immature Sakalava rails look very similar to females. Although 34 microsatellite loci which are polymorphic molecular markers were produced for this species, additional research is needed to confirm sexual dimorphism using DNA or voice analysis. Habitat Sakalava rail lives in marshes of open water and dense reedbeds of Phragmites mauritianus. These lotic marshes also contain many floating plant species such as native ferns (Salvinia), water lilies (Nymphaea lotus and Nymphaea nouchali) and invasive water hyacinths (Eichhornia crassipes). Distribution Sakalava rail has a restricted distribution in Madagascar due to a small and fragmented population. This rail species has been historically recorded between the Mahavavy Sud River in the north and the Mangoky river in the south. Its population was estimated at 215 individuals with the largest single population of 62 birds following surveys conducted in 2003–2006. During this study, Sakalava rails were located at five locations: Lake Kinkony, Ampandra, Amparihy, Sahapy and Mandrozo. In 2021, the IUCN Red List estimated that the population ranges between 250 and 999 mature individuals. Although few observations have been made, the species is suggested to have a declining population. Behavior and ecology Sakalava rails are found alone or in pairs. They walk slowly over floating vegetation and turn ferns with their bills to catch prey when feeding. When scared, they run and briefly fly to hide into deep vegetation. They are commonly predated by yellow-billed kite (Milvus aegyptius) and Madagascar coucal (Centropus toulou). The Sakalava rail's peak breeding period lasts from September to November, but there is some evidence that this rail species could have a longer breeding period lasting year-round. Some active nests and young Sakalava rails have been observed during the wet season in February and March. Both sexes participate in parental care activities during the breeding season: from building the nest, incubating the eggs, and feeding the chicks. No evidence of cooperative breeding by helpers has been observed for the Sakalava rail. Vocalizations Sakalava rail performs many bird vocalizations. They emit a “tic–tic” or “tic-tic-tic huaw” call while flicking their tail. They also simultaneously communicate with their partner by vocalizing a “truwruru” every 4 to 6 seconds while motionless. Before mating, both males and females stand side-by-side and simultaneously emit a loud “prourourou”. Chicks can also call a loud “kiouw” every 3 to 5 seconds. Diet More than half of Sakalava rail's diet is composed of spiders, while the remaining portion is made up of insects, crustaceans and molluscs found under floating vegetation. Reproduction The male Sakalava 4ail has to perform an elaborate courtship display in order to mate. First, the male leads and presents to the female possible nest sites while calling loudly. The male vocalizes to invite the female to visit the site. Then, the male would carry material and begin building a nest. When the female approves of the site, she would immediately assist in constructing the nest. If she did not find the site suitable, she would not assist in nest construction, which would cause the male to move to another site and repeat this courtship behavior until a suitable nesting site is found. A breeding pair of Sakalava rail builds a new nest every breeding season. Both sexes participate in building the nest and they usually complete the construction in 3 days. The nest is made of dead Phragmites reeds and is situated 50 to 70 cm above the water. The nest can be built on floating vegetation or inside a deep tunnel of leaves. Both female and male Sakalava rail incubate the eggs. The egg incubation period usually lasts 16 days and egg-laying occurs from July to September. The clutch size is 2 or 3 eggs of pale cream color with brown spots. Both sexes feed the downy black chicks until they reach 40 days of age. The adults then stop providing food and start chasing the precocial chicks out of the nest. At 45 days old, the chicks are completely independent and leave the nest. Threats Sakalava rail is classified as Endangered by the IUCN Red List due to the degradation of wetlands in Madagascar. Habitat loss is a major threat to this rail species when the shores of marshes where Sakalava rails nest are converted into rice fields. Also, human disturbance degrades the habitat of Sakalava rails when local populations burn and collect Phragmites reeds. Indeed, the surface area occupied by reeds has decreased by 80% between 1949 and 2008 due to increased turbidity from erosion. These wetlands of western Madagascar are also home to five other threatened bird species: Madagascar fish eagle (Haliaeetus vociferoides), Madagascar heron (Ardea humbloti), Madagascar sacred ibis (Threskiornis bernieri), Madagascar teal (Anas bernieri) and the Madagascar plover (Charadrius thoracicus). Conservation actions such as creating protected areas are underway to preserve these ecosystems and their rare bird species. References External links Madagascar country profile by the African Bird Club Sakalava rail Endemic birds of Madagascar Sakalava rail Taxa named by Guillaume Grandidier Taxa named by Jacques Berlioz Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
The Dominic system is a mnemonic system used to remember sequences of digits similar to the mnemonic major system. It was invented and used in competition by eight-time World Memory Champion Dominic O'Brien. Differences from the major system The main difference between the Dominic system and the major system is the assignment of sounds and letters to digits. The Dominic system is a letter-based abbreviation system where the letters comprise the initials of someone's name, while the major system is typically used as a phonetic-based consonant system for either objects, animals, persons, or even words. One letter is assigned to each digit; the other sixteen letters of the alphabet are unused. The major system would assign the sounds T + L to the number 15, and then find a word that has those sounds as the first two consonants. Mnemonic images like Tolkien, tiles, or toolbox could be assigned under the major system. In the Dominic system, 15 would be the letters A and E, and they would be used as the initials of someone's name—for example, Albert Einstein. Albert Einstein would then be given a characteristic action, such as "writing on a blackboard". Each two-digit number would have an associated person and action. The Dominic system is specifically designed as a person-action system, while the major system can also be used to represent stand-alone objects. Many mnemonists use the major system as a person-action system as well, so the main difference is the way that images are assigned to the numbers. Like the mnemonic major system, the Dominic system can be combined with a memory palace, thereby creating the Hotel Dominic. Encoding pairs of digits as people Using the Dominic system every pair of digits is first associated with a person. O'Brien feels that stories and images created using people are easier to remember. This encoding is carried out ahead of time and the people are reused, since it can take quite some time. To perform this encoding, each digit is associated with a letter using the table below. These letters then become the initials of the person representing this number. People will often use quite a loose definition of "initials", using the initial letters of a phrase describing a person, such as "80 = HO = Santa Claus, laughing and holding his belly (HO, HO, HO!)". Encoding pairs of digits as actions Once each pair of digits has been associated with a person one can then cheaply create a corresponding action for each person. For example, if one had chosen to represent AE as the physicist Albert Einstein one might use a corresponding action of writing on a blackboard. Usage Once the mappings of a pair of digits are in place a sequence of digits can be converted into a story by first encoding pairs of digits as people or actions and then chaining these people and actions together. For example, one might remember the number 2739 as follows: First 27 would be encoded BG and then as Bill Gates, then 39 would be encoded as CN and then Chuck Norris. Using the first two digits as a person and the second two as an action, one creates the image of Bill Gates delivering a roundhouse kick. Similarly 3927 might be converted into the image of Chuck Norris writing software. Longer numbers become stories. The long number 27636339, for example, could be chunked into 2763 6339 and then converted into BGSC SCCN. If the memorizer has also associated Santa Claus delivering presents with SC, then the chunk 2763 would represent Bill Gates delivering presents while 6339 would represent Santa Claus performing a roundhouse kick. The remembered story, therefore, could be that Bill Gates delivered presents and then got roundhouse kicked by Santa Claus. The Dominic System is typically used along with the method of loci, which allows the easy recall of the images in order by placing them in locations along a mental journey. Packs of cards Although the Dominic system is a method for remembering long sequences of numbers, it can also be used to remember other sequences such as the order of a deck of playing cards. This works by establishing some method of systematically converting the objects into numbers. If the nine of clubs is associated with 39 (CN), for instance, then Chuck Norris or a roundhouse kick could be used in a story describing where the nine of clubs is in the deck. See also Art of memory Memory sport Mnemonic major system Rhyming Letter Getters References External links Dominic system web app Ron Hale-Evans' list Mnemonics
Williamson is a town on the south shore of Lake Ontario in the northwest part of Wayne County, New York, United States. The population was 6,984 at the time of the 2010 census. The town is named after Charles Williamson, a land agent of the Pulteney Estate. Its primary ZIP code is 14589, and telephone exchanges 589 and 904 in area code 315. The town has a hamlet (and census-designated place), also called Williamson. Government offices for the town are located there. History The area around Pultneyville — a hamlet on the town's Lake Ontario shore – was a frequent meeting ground for Iroquois people. In 1788, the area became part of the Phelps and Gorham Purchase, a tract of land sold to Oliver Phelps and Nathaniel Gorham by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The first white settler, Daniel Russell, built a log cabin in Pultneyville in 1794. This hamlet briefly enjoyed prominence as one of the few ports in the area until the opening of the Erie Canal in the southern part of the county in 1823. It did continue to be an important Great Lakes port, however, well into the 19th century. Williamson was created in 1802 from the Town of Sodus and originally was much larger than its present-day borders. Later, other towns were created from parts of Williamson, including: Ontario in 1807 and Marion in 1825. Until relatively recently, Williamson was a dry town. In 1814, during the War of 1812, British troops landed in Pultneyville, and an agreement was made with the villagers allowing the invaders to seize some stores without resistance, but a dispute broke out and weapons fire began on both sides. A few citizens were killed or wounded and two were taken prisoner as the British fled. In 2002, Williamson celebrated the bicentennial of its founding with celebrations and festivals throughout the year. Geography According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , of which is land and (0.06%) is water. Williamson encompasses the hamlets of Williamson, Pultneyville and East Williamson. The nearest metropolitan area is the city of Rochester, which lies to the west. The town of Williamson does not have an incorporated village. In 1980, the northern terminus of New York State Route 21 (NY 21) was moved southward from the intersection with Lake Road in Pultneyville to its present location at the intersection with NY 104, in Williamson, about north of the town's business district. NY 104 is an important east–west highway in western New York, and NY 21 is a north–south highway used by many to access the New York State Thruway (Interstate 90). Adjacent towns and areas The town is bordered on the north by Lake Ontario, on the east by the Town of Sodus, on the south by the Town of Marion and on the west by the Town of Ontario. Landmarks and events A number of local points of interest are considered popular landmarks by residents and visitors alike. Orbaker's Drive-In, a hamburger/hotdog stand on NY 104, has been in operation since 1932. With its red and white color theme, summer employment there is considered a rite of passage for the town's teenagers. Another noted eatery is the Candy Kitchen, located on West Main Street in the business district. Opened in 1890 and known as "Nick's", it has been owned and operated by four generations of the Boosalis family. Its chocolate candies, Greek dishes and fountain drinks are popular among its patrons. Williamson has played host to the annual Williamson Apple Blossom Festival since 1960. Celebrating the town's (and region's) heritage of apple farming, this event is held in May at the height of the blooms. The week-long celebration begins with the selection of the local festival queen and her court and culminates with a carnival, popular 5k race, parade and "fly-in" breakfast at the local airport. Government services Williamson is governed by a Town Supervisor and a four-person Town Board. Anthony Verno is currently the Town Supervisor and also serves on the Wayne County Board of Supervisors. The Williamson Central School District provides the public education services to the town's residents through its Elementary School, Middle School and High School. The School District was designed and built by Dr. K. Slater. Economy Williamson is primarily a rural agricultural town, but since the 1960s, the growth of Rochester-area companies such as Xerox and Eastman Kodak, have added bedroom community aspects to the town. Recognized nationally for its fruit-growing – especially apple tarts, peach pies, and cherry cokes – local agriculture also includes dairy farming. It is also home of a Mott's plant, employing roughly 300 people, which made national headlines when the unionized employees went on strike for roughly four months in 2010. Demographics As of the census of 2010, there were 6,984 people, 2,773 households, and 1,980 families residing in the town. The population density was . The racial makeup of the town was 92.4% White, 3.3% Black or African American, 0.4% Native American, 0.4% Asian, 0.0% Pacific Islander, 1.8% from other races, and 1.8% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 3.9% of the population. There were 2,773 households, out of which 28.1% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 56.9% were married couples living together, 10.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 28.6% were non-families. 24.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 10.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.51 and the average family size was 2.94. In the town, the population was spread out, with 25.7% under the age of 20, 4.3% from 20 to 24, 23.1% from 25 to 44, 31.4% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 43.1 years. For every 100 females, there were 100.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 96.4 males. The median income for a household in the town was $57,804, and the median income for a family was $67,184. Males had a median income of $63,401 as compared to $40,788 for females. The per capita income for the town was $30,651. About 5.7% of families and 11.1% of the population were below the poverty line, including 17.8% of those under age 18 and 3.9% of those age 65 or over. Housing There were 3,121 housing units at an average density of ; a total of 11.2% of housing units were vacant. There were 2,773 occupied housing units in the town, of which 2,229 were owner-occupied units (80.4%), while 544 were renter-occupied (19.6%). The homeowner vacancy rate was 1.1% of total units. The rental unit vacancy rate was 9.5%. Prohibition never ended On January 16, 1920, Williamson became "dry" along with the rest of the United States when the 18th Amendment to the Constitution of the United States took effect. Unlike the rest of the country, however, Prohibition was not completely repealed in Williamson in 1933; this didn't occur until more than six decades later, in 1996. While consumption of alcoholic beverages in private homes was permitted in Williamson after the 21st Amendment ended Prohibition, the sales of such beverages were illegal within the town. In 1996 residents of the town voted to liberalize the laws and the sales of wine coolers and beer were permitted in the town's grocery stores. Prior to this change, town residents purchased these beverages in neighboring towns, such as Sodus and Ontario. It wasn't until after the turn of the century, in 2004, that voters again loosened the regulations and allowed alcohol service in restaurants, as well as permitting winery licenses for farms and the opening of liquor stores. Bars and taverns were banned until 2004. Today, the town only bans beer sales at race tracks, outdoor athletic fields and sports stadia where admission is charged. Communities and locations in the Town of Williamson East Williamson – A hamlet near the east town line on Ridge Road (County Route 103 or CR 103). Pultneyville – A hamlet on the shore of Lake Ontario on at the junction of CR 101 and CR 120. It was once an important port on Lake Ontario until railroad development lessened its importance. The community is named after Sir William Pulteney, one of the principal investors who owned part of Western New York. Salmon Creek – A stream flowing northward into Lake Ontario through Pultneyville. Haldoville – a small collection of cottages and kennels along the shore of lake Ontario. Williamson – The hamlet of Williamson is located on Ridge Road near the center of the town. Williamson–Sodus Airport – A general aviation airport servicing the town and the area is located just east of the east town line in Sodus, south of NY 104. References External links US Census Bureau (2000) Historical summary of the Town of Williamson, NY Town of Williamson website Williamson-Pultneyville Historical Society Williamson Free Public Library website Historical links for Williamson Williamson Wiki RW&O Railroad, Williamson, NY RW&O Railroad, East Williamson, NY Spencer Speedway Rochester metropolitan area, New York Towns in Wayne County, New York Towns in New York (state) 1802 establishments in New York (state)
The Devizes Guardians are a local political party based in Devizes, Wiltshire, England. The party was formed in 2001 and has been successful in winning seats on Kennet District Council and Wiltshire Council, but at present is represented only on Devizes Town Council, which from May 2013 it controls. History The Devizes Guardians were formed in 2001, in the aftermath of the felling of five London plane trees in the Devizes Market Place, and on 19 June 2002 the new party was registered with the Electoral Commission under the Registration of Political Parties Act 1998. On 18 July 2002 the Devizes Guardians contested and won a Kennet District Council by-election in the Devizes East ward, the successful candidate being Tony Duck, who commented "I think there is a movement for more grass roots representation, free from the shackles of party politics and hopefully enabling us to challenge local issues." At the Kennet district elections of May 2003, the party contested three seats, all in Devizes, and won all three, its successful candidates being Nigel Carter (Devizes North), Jeffrey Ody (Devizes South), and Tony Duck (Devizes East). Carter commented to a Wiltshire newspaper "We have to acknowledge there is an element of protest vote in the support we have had. The question of the future of the hospital has been paramount in the issues expressed by the people we have talked to, with transport coming a close second." At the May 2005 county council elections, the party contested two divisions of Wiltshire County Council, Devizes North and Devizes South, its candidates being Carter and Ody, but was unsuccessful in both. In the Kennet District Council elections of May 2007, the Guardians won two seats (Ody and Duck being re-elected, but Carter being defeated) and also three on Devizes Town Council, to which Jane Burton, Ted East, and Peter Smith were elected. In that year, the party reported to the Electoral Commission that it had 56 members and that its income and expenditure were both under £2000. On 1 April 2009, the District of Kennet was abolished as part of the 2009 structural changes to local government in England, and the Devizes Guardians contested four seats in the first elections to the new Wiltshire Council unitary authority held on 4 June 2009. Its three successful candidates were Ody (Devizes and Roundway South), Carter (Devizes North), and Jane Burton (Devizes East). At an annual general meeting held on 27 October 2009, the party celebrated its successes and stressed the importance of a new public consultation on planning policy for Wiltshire. At the local elections on 2 May 2013, the Devizes Guardians won more than half the seats on Devizes Town Council, nine out of seventeen, defeating candidates from all three major English parties. However, at the same time they lost all of their places on Wiltshire Council to the Conservatives. The registered emblems of the party represent a tree, and it has been called the "local conservation party". Officers The party's registered officers are as follows: Leader: Nigel Carter Nominating Officer: Edward William East Treasurer: Peter Corbett Wiltshire Council elections, 2009 At the Wiltshire Council elections of 4 June 2009, the party contested four divisions and won three. See also Kennet local elections 2009 Wiltshire Council election 2013 Wiltshire Council election References External links Your Town Councillors at devizes-tc.gov.uk Political parties established in 2001 Locally based political parties in England Politics of Wiltshire Devizes 2001 establishments in England
Qeshlaq Amir Khanlu-ye Moharramabad (, also Romanized as Qeshlāq Amīr Khānlū-ye Moḩarramābād; also known as Qeshlāq-e Amīr Khānī) is a village in Mahmudabad Rural District, Tazeh Kand District, Parsabad County, Ardabil Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 46, in 9 families. References Towns and villages in Parsabad County
The World War II Illinois Veterans Memorial is the official memorial of the U.S. state of Illinois maintained in honor of veterans of the war, as well as those bereaved during the course of the conflict. 987,000 Illinois residents served in uniform during the war, and 22,000 gave up their lives during the campaigns. Planning for the memorial began in 1999, and the memorial was dedicated in 2004. The memorial is in Oak Ridge Cemetery, located on the north side of Springfield, Illinois, the state capital. The memorial is a multi-element sculptural installation that centers on a 22-ton (20-tonne) white globe 12 feet (3.5m) in diameter, demonstrating the global nature of the conflict. Spreading outward from the globe are a series of black granite walls into which the names of various battles and campaigns of the war are incised. Stainless steel buttons inserted into the globe pinpoint the locations of the battles. As of 2022, frequent tribute observances gather together representatives from the diminishing headcount of veterans of this conflict. The executive board of the memorial also organizes efforts to collect oral memories from survivors. In some cases, relatives seeking information about their missing kin may contact the Memorial's executive board. Although the Memorial is de jure a historic site of the Illinois Historic Preservation Agency, in practice it is maintained by the staff of Oak Ridge Cemetery and the Memorial's independent governing board. See also National World War II Memorial References External links Memorial website Buildings and structures in Springfield, Illinois Illinois State Historic Sites Monuments and memorials in Illinois Tourist attractions in Springfield, Illinois World War II memorials in the United States 2004 sculptures 2004 establishments in Illinois
The Delmatae, alternatively Dalmatae, during the Roman period, were a group of Illyrian tribes in Dalmatia, contemporary southern Croatia and western Bosnia and Herzegovina. The region of Dalmatia takes its name from the tribe. The Delmatae appear in historical record for the first time in 181 BC, when upon the death of their ruler Pleuratus III of the Illyrian kingdom, they refused to accept the rule of his son, Gentius and seceded. They expanded and came to include coastal Illyrian tribes like the Tariotes, the Hylli and the Nesti and increased their territory to the north against the Liburni. Conflict with Roman expansionism and its local allies in the eastern Adriatic began in 156-55 BC. The Roman–Dalmatae Wars lasted until 33 BC when Octavian (the later Emperor Augustus) installed Roman hegemony in Dalmatia. Local instability and minor rebellions continued in the province of Dalmatia and culminated in the Great Illyrian Revolt in Dalmatia and closely linked Pannonia in 6 AD. The revolt, which lasted for three years, involved more than half a million combatants, auxiliaries and civilians on both side. In the aftermath, some Delmataean communities were relocated in the northern Sandzak region and others were resettled in parts of Carinthia to provide labor for the Roman mines. The defeat of the revolt began the integration of Dalmatia which in turn led to the romanization of the region by the early Middle Ages. Name The original form of the name of the tribe is Delmatae, and shares the same root with the regional name Dalmatia and the toponym Delminium. It is considered to be connected to the Albanian dele and its variants which include the Gheg form delmë, meaning "sheep", and to the Albanian term delmer, "shepherd". According to Orel, the Gheg form delme hardly has anything in common with the name of Dalmatia because it represents a variant of dele with -mā, which is ultimately from proto-Albanian dailā. Toponyms linked to the name are found throughout the territories inhabited by Illyrians including the chief settlement of the Delmatae, Delminium and Dalmana in present-day N. Macedonia. The medieval Slavic toponym Ovče Pole ("plain of sheep" in South Slavic) in the nearby region represents a related later development. In Albania, Delvinë represents a toponym linked to the root dele. The form Dalmatae and the respective regional name Dalmatia are later variants as is already noted by Appian (2nd century AD). His contemporary grammarian Velius Longus highlights in his treatise about orthography that the correct form of Dalmatia is Delmatia, and notes that Marcus Terentius Varro who lived about 2 centuries prior of Appian and Velius Longius, used the form Delmatia as it corresponded to the chief settlement of the tribe, Delminium. The toponym Duvno is a derivation from Delminium in Croatian via an intermediate form Delminio in late antiquity. History The Delmatae appear in historical record in 181 BC. The death of Pleuratus III of the Illyrian kingdom and the succession by his son Gentius led the Delmatae to not recognize his rule and secede altogether. The Daorsi, who lived to the south of the Delmatae did the same. Over the centuries, the Delmatae and Ardiaei were among the Illyrian groups which expanded their territory northwards at the expense of the Liburni. They Delmatae may have been originally pushed towards the coast because of Celtic migrations in Pannonia Strabo writes that the territory of the Delmatae was divided into an inland (present-day Tropolje) and a coastal region by the Dinaric Alps. Their capital settlement Delminium was located close to present-day Tomislavgrad. The first Dalmatian war in 156 BC – 155 BC finished with the destruction of capital Delminium by consul Scipio Nasica. The second Dalmatian war was fought in 119–118 BC, apparently ending in Roman victory as consul L. Caecilius Metellus celebrated triumph in 117 BC and assumed his surname Delmaticus. The third Dalmatian war 78–76 BC finished with the capture of Salona (port Solin near modern city Split) by the proconsul C. Cosconius. During the Roman Civil War of 49–44 BC, the Delmatae supported Pompey against the coastal Roman colonies which supported Caesar and continuously fought against the Caesarian generals Gabinius and Vatinius. After Pompey's defeat they continued to fight against Roman legions in Dalmatia. The fourth and final conflict occurred 34–33 BC during Octavian's expedition to Illyricum because of their iterative revolts, and finished with the capture of the new Delmatian capital- Soetovio (now Klis). The last revolts of Delmatae under their federal leader Bato, against Romans were in 12 BC and the Great Illyrian Revolt in 6–9 AD; both also failed and finished by a terminal pacification of bellicose Delmatae. Cohors Delmatarum In Roman Imperial times the Dalmatae formed numerous Roman auxiliaries: Cohors I Delmatarum Cohors I Delmatarum milliaria equitata Cohors II Delmatarum Cohors III Delmatarum equitata c.R. pf Cohors IV Delmatarum Cohors V Delmatarum Cohors V Delmatarum c.R. Cohors VI Delmatarum equitata Cohors VII Delmatarum equitata And later the Equites Dalmatae Culture Archaeology and onomastic shows that the Delmatae were akin to eastern Illyrians and northern Pannonii. The tribe was subject to Celtic influences. One of the Dalmatian tribes was called Baridustae that later was settled in Roman Dacia. Pliny the Elder also mentioned the Tariotes, and their territory Tariota, which was described as an ancient region. The Tariotes are considered part of the Delmatae. The archeological remnants suggest their material culture was more primitive than those of the surrounding ancient tribes, especially in comparison with the oldest Liburnians. Only their production of weapons was rather advanced. Their elite had stone built houses only, but numerous Delmatic herdmen yet settled in natural caves, and a characteristic detail in their usual clothing was the fur cap. Their nomadic society had a strong patriarchal structure, consisting chiefly of shepherds, warriors and their chieftains. Their main jobs had been the extensive cattle breeding, and the iterative plundering of other surrounding tribes and of coastal towns on the Adriatic. Religion The major collective deity of the Delmatic federation was their pastoral god 'Sylvanus' they called Vidasus. His divine wife was 'Thana', a Delmatic goddess mostly comparable with Roman Diana and Greek Artemis. Their frequent reliefs often accompanied by nymphs, are partly conserved up today in some cliffs of Dalmatia; in Imotski valley also their temple used from 4th to 1st century BC, was unearthed. The third important one of Delmatae was a wargod 'Armatus' comparable with Roman Mars and Greek Ares. Their bad deity was the celestial Dragon devouring the sun or moon in the eclipses. A strong weapons cult was very specific for the patriarchal Delmatae, and in their masculine tombs different weapons are widely present (that is rare in neighbouring peoples e.g. Liburni, Iapydes, etc.). Their usual tombs were under the stone tumuli of kurgan type. After the classic Roman reports (Muzic 1998), nomadic Delmatae were extremely superstitious, and they had a primitive panic dread from all celestial phenomena: any view on the night stars was for them forbidden in the fear of a sure death, and in the case of solar or lunar eclipses they repeated tremendous collective howling because of the immediate world ending, made hysterical suicides etc. See also List of ancient Illyrian peoples and tribes References Bibliography Illyrian tribes Illyrian Bosnia and Herzegovina Illyrian Croatia Ancient tribes in Bosnia and Herzegovina Ancient tribes in Croatia Tribes conquered by Rome Tribes conquered by the Roman Republic History of Dalmatia
The Tahquamenon Falls State Park is a state park in the U.S. state of Michigan. It is the second largest of Michigan's state parks. Bordering on Lake Superior, most of the park is located within Whitefish Township in Chippewa County, with the western section of the park extending into McMillan Township in Luce County. The nearest town of any size is Paradise. Tahquamenon Falls State Park follows the Tahquamenon River as it passes over Tahquamenon Falls and drains into Whitefish Bay, Lake Superior. The Tahquamenon Falls include a single drop, the Upper Falls, plus the cascades and rapids collectively called the Lower Falls. During the late-spring runoff, the river drains as much as of water per second, making the upper falls the second most voluminous vertical waterfall east of the Mississippi River, after only Niagara Falls. The North Country Trail passes through the park. There is a seasonal shuttle service that allows hikers to walk between upper falls and lower falls without doubling back, the Tahqua Trekker. Tahquamenon Falls is also called Rootbeer Falls because of its golden-brown color, caused by tannins from cedar swamps that drain into the river. In winter, the ice that accumulates around and in the falls is often colored in shades of green and blue. Much of the park is undeveloped but it has more than of hiking trails. Row boats and canoes are rented to use to approach the lower falls. The upper falls are accessible from the visitor center parking lot via a paved walking trail. There are five campgrounds in the park with a total of 350 campsites. The park receives as many as 500,000 visitors per year, many of whom drive in on the state park's only paved road, M-123. M-123 intersects with Interstate 75 at exit 352. Nearby attractions include the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum at Whitefish Point, and the Point Iroquois Light and Museum at Bay Mills on Whitefish Bay. Bridge In September 2021, the Tahquamenon Falls State Park installed a bridge to the island at the lower falls to allow easy access for people with disabilities. Before adding this new feature, the island was only accessible by rowboat. The $250,000 pedestrian bridge can handle 4,000 pounds, includes railings, and provides views of angles of the running water that have not been seen before. Four aluminum sections that comprise the bridge came from Florida. To reach the remote location, a helicopter brought all four sections to the falls. Skilled contractors were then able to bolt all four parts together. Keeping the beauty of nature in mind, the bridge was constructed so that it would not obstruct the scenery of the falls. There have been several controversies brought up regarding the construction of the bridge. Those against the bridge worry that it will diminish the rowboat experience and take away from the beauty of the park. In contrast, there are many in support of the bridge and its improved access for people with disabilities, improved viewing points, and improved emergency access. The bridge is dedicated to and named after Ronald A. Olson, chief of Michigan's Department of National Resources Parks and Recreation Division. Olson is known for bringing people together and encouraging visitors to enjoy the natural resources that Michigan has to offer. Additionally, a new park store, boat rental building, and public restrooms are being added and are expected to open in spring 2023. Rowboats were temporarily unavailable during this project but will be available again when the project is finished. References External links Tahquamenon Falls State Park Michigan Department of Natural Resources Tahquamenon Falls Education Programs Michigan DNR Protected areas of Chippewa County, Michigan Protected areas of Luce County, Michigan State parks of Michigan Protected areas established in 1947 1947 establishments in Michigan IUCN Category V
```kotlin /* * * * path_to_url * * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. / package com.google.android.flexbox import android.view.View import android.view.ViewGroup /* * Fake implementation of [FlexContainer]. */ internal class FakeFlexContainer : FlexContainer { private val views = mutableListOf<View>() private var flexLines = mutableListOf<FlexLine>() @FlexDirection private var flexDirection = FlexDirection.ROW @FlexWrap private var flexWrap = FlexWrap.WRAP @JustifyContent private var justifyContent = JustifyContent.FLEX_START @AlignItems private var alignItems = AlignItems.STRETCH @AlignContent private var alignContent = AlignContent.STRETCH private var maxLine = -1 override fun getFlexItemCount() = views.size override fun getFlexItemAt(index: Int) = views[index] override fun getReorderedFlexItemAt(index: Int) = views[index] override fun addView(view: View) { views.add(view) } override fun addView(view: View, index: Int) { views.add(index, view) } override fun removeAllViews() { views.clear() } override fun removeViewAt(index: Int) { views.removeAt(index) } override fun getFlexDirection() = flexDirection override fun setFlexDirection(@FlexDirection flexDirection: Int) { this.flexDirection = flexDirection } override fun getFlexWrap() = flexWrap override fun setFlexWrap(@FlexWrap flexWrap: Int) { this.flexWrap = flexWrap } override fun getJustifyContent() = justifyContent override fun setJustifyContent(@JustifyContent justifyContent: Int) { this.justifyContent = justifyContent } override fun getAlignContent() = alignContent override fun setAlignContent(@AlignContent alignContent: Int) { this.alignContent = alignContent } override fun getAlignItems() = alignItems override fun setAlignItems(@AlignItems alignItems: Int) { this.alignItems = alignItems } override fun getMaxLine(): Int = this.maxLine override fun setMaxLine(maxLine: Int) { this.maxLine = maxLine } override fun getFlexLines() = flexLines override fun isMainAxisDirectionHorizontal(): Boolean { return flexDirection == FlexDirection.ROW \|\| flexDirection == FlexDirection.ROW_REVERSE } override fun getDecorationLengthMainAxis(view: View, index: Int, indexInFlexLine: Int) = 0 override fun getDecorationLengthCrossAxis(view: View) = 0 override fun getPaddingTop() = 0 override fun getPaddingLeft() = 0 override fun getPaddingRight() = 0 override fun getPaddingBottom() = 0 override fun getPaddingStart() = 0 override fun getPaddingEnd() = 0 override fun getChildWidthMeasureSpec(widthSpec: Int, padding: Int, childDimension: Int): Int { return ViewGroup.getChildMeasureSpec(widthSpec, padding, childDimension) } override fun getChildHeightMeasureSpec(heightSpec: Int, padding: Int, childDimension: Int): Int { return ViewGroup.getChildMeasureSpec(heightSpec, padding, childDimension) } override fun getLargestMainSize() = flexLines.maxBy { it.mMainSize }?.mMainSize ?: Integer.MIN_VALUE override fun getSumOfCrossSize() = flexLines.sumBy { it.mCrossSize } override fun onNewFlexItemAdded(view: View, index: Int, indexInFlexLine: Int, flexLine: FlexLine) = Unit override fun onNewFlexLineAdded(flexLine: FlexLine) = Unit override fun setFlexLines(flexLines: List<FlexLine>) { this.flexLines = flexLines.toMutableList() } override fun getFlexLinesInternal() = flexLines override fun updateViewCache(position: Int, view: View) = Unit } ```
Monotoideae is a subfamily of the plant family Dipterocarpaceae, with 3 genera and 30 species. It is native to the rainforest habitat of Africa and Madagascar, as well as South America. The geographical discontinuity can be traced back to a date prior to the separation of these land masses and the subsequent migration, evolution and preservation of the species in suitable habitats. Genera Marquesia is native to Africa. Monotes has 26 species, distributed across Africa and Madagascar. Pseudomonotes is native to the Colombian Amazon and Pacaraima Mountains. References External links Dipterocarpaceae Rosid subfamilies
Hunt Club, hunt club, or hunting club may refer to: Hunt Club, area of Ottawa, Canada Hunt Club Road Hunt Club Park, a different neighbourhood in Ottawa The Hunt Club, 2010 album by Sector Seven Hunt Club (film), a 2023 film starring Mickey Rourke hunting club, either: Club (weapon) used for hunting Club (organization) for hunters
The Iglesia de San Felipe (also known as the Black Christ Church) is a Roman Catholic parish church located in Portobelo, Panama. Built in 1814, it houses a statue of Cristo Negro (Black Christ; Nazareno) which was found on the shores of the harbour. Background Iglesia de San Felipe is located in Portobelo, a block to the east of Real Aduana. It is situated near the ruined 16th-century Capilla de San Juan de Dios. The Iglesia de San Felipe, a large white-painted building, was the last structure built by Spain before leaving Panama. After the Cristo Negro statue was constructed in 1814, it was installed in the church. The statue is adorned in various gowns; these are preserved at the Museo del Cristo Negro (Black Christ Museum), which is situated at the Iglesia de San Juan de Dios. Festival The church's annual festival, the Black Christ Festival, is the biggest religio-cultural celebration in Portobelo. It is celebrated on October 21, a festival day formally known and observed as the "Feast Day of the Cristo de Portobelo". On this occasion, the number of pilgrims to the church can reach 60,000. People who are sick attend the festival praying for a cure of their illness. On the festival day, the image of Cristo Negro is shifted from its position on the church altar to a central space in the building. After the move, the image is adorned with a new, richly-designed robe in red wine color. One such robe is stated to have been donated by Roberto Durán who was the boxing champion from Panama. Mass is held in the church on the festival day from 6 p.m. till 8 p.m. After the Mass, the statue is carried by a group of 80 men by procession through the town's streets. The group of men who carry the image of Christ adopt the Spanish practice of swaying slowly and moving using a "three-steps-forward-and two-steps-backward format". Every member of this group has shaved his head, is barefoot, and wears a purple gown. Though a pious occasion, a carnival type of atmosphere prevails. At the midnight hour, the procession is brought to a halt and the statue is carried back into the church. Gallery References Bibliography External links Buildings and structures in Colón Province Churches completed in 1814 Tourist attractions in Colón Province Churches in Panama
Myadaung Monastery (; also known as the Queen's Monastery) was a Buddhist monastery built in 1885 under the patronage of Queen Supayalat. Myadaung Monastery was located southwest of Mandalay Palace, and was profusely carved and gilded in gold. As a fine specimen of Burmese architecture, its conservation was ordered by Lord Curzon in December 1901. See also Atumashi Monastery Shwenandaw Monastery Taiktaw Monastery Salin Monastery Yaw Mingyi Monastery Notes References Monasteries in Myanmar Buddhist temples in Mandalay 19th-century Buddhist temples Religious buildings and structures completed in 1885
Alberto Moreno (born Gotardo Hernan Rojas del Río; 31 May 1941) is a left-wing Peruvian politician. He is the general secretary of the Communist Party of Peru – Red Fatherland and the president of the New Left Movement. During the 1980s, police found an arms arsenal in the residence of Moreno. It was largely believed to have been planted there by agents of the state. Moreno was sentenced to 18 years' imprisonment, but after a second trial he was released on the grounds on insufficient evidence. Moreno was a founding member of the Revolutionary Left Union (UNIR) and formed part of the leadership of the Izquierda Unida - United Left (IU). Moreno was nominated as the presidential candidate of the Broad Left Front (FAI) for the 2006 elections. He received 0.3% of the vote, coming in 12th place. References 1941 births Living people Communist Party of Peru – Red Fatherland politicians United Left (Peru) politicians New Left Movement (Peru) politicians Candidates for President of Peru
Robert Evans was an English amateur footballer who made one appearance in the Football League for Woolwich Arsenal as a right back. Personal life Evans served as a private in the British Army during the First World War. Career statistics References External links Robert Evans at arsenal.com English men's footballers English Football League players Year of birth missing Year of death missing Footballers from Greater London Men's association football fullbacks Arsenal F.C. players Leyton Orient F.C. players British Army personnel of World War I British Army soldiers
Tanjong Aru was a federal constituency in Sabah, Malaysia, that was represented in the Dewan Rakyat from 1986 to 2004. The federal constituency was created in the 1984 redistribution and was mandated to return a single member to the Dewan Rakyat under the first past the post voting system. History It was abolished in 2004 when it was redistributed. Representation history State constituency Election results References Defunct Sabah federal constituencies Constituencies established in 1984 Constituencies disestablished in 2004
The Swiss Art Awards, also named the Federal Art Competition, are recognitions that are awarded by the Federal Office of Culture (FOC) in the name of the Confederation. History The Swiss Art Awards stem from the oldest and most important measure of support to the arts of Switzerland. They began in 1898 "as a federal grant for young artists, so as to raise the quality of Swiss Art." The competition and awards have been managed by the FOC since its introduction in 1975. The grants eventually turned into a competition, changing the name to Federal Art Competition in 1994<ref>Fleury, Sylvie. "un encouragement visible et mieux doté: les bourses deviennent prix" in " 1999. "Prix conseillé : 100 ans de Concours fédéral des beaux-arts, 1899–1999", 'Orrel Füssli'', 105(367)</ref> and Swiss Art Awards since 2014. The Swiss Art Awards competition and show are held during Art Basel since 1994. Since 2001, three to four Swiss Grand Awards for Art/Prix Meret Oppenheim are presented, out of a competition run by the Federal Commission for Art (FCA). Principals Artists, architects, art, and architecture mediators of Swiss origins or based in Switzerland, can submit their application to the FOC. After a first round the FCA chooses a selection of nominees who participate in the show and are considered for the award. Out of these, around ten candidates receive an award for their work along with 25,000 Swiss francs. The Swiss Grand Award for Art/Prix Meret Oppenheim''' on the other hand are awarded by the FCA out of a competition to individuals that have contributed to the study and influence of contemporary Swiss arts and architecture. These distinctions are accompanied with 40,000 Swiss francs to each winner to be used to fund an important project. Notes and references Swiss awards European arts awards
Dame Laura Knight ( Johnson; 4 August 1877 – 7 July 1970) was an English artist who worked in oils, watercolours, etching, engraving and drypoint. Knight was a painter in the figurative, realist tradition, who embraced English Impressionism. In her long career, Knight was among the most successful and popular painters in Britain. Her success in the male-dominated British art establishment paved the way for greater status and recognition for women artists. In 1929 she was created a Dame, and in 1936 became the third woman elected to full membership of the Royal Academy. Her large retrospective exhibition at the Royal Academy in 1965 was the first for a woman. Knight was known for painting amidst the world of the theatre and ballet in London, and for being a war artist during the Second World War. She was also greatly interested in, and inspired by, marginalised communities and individuals, including Romani people and circus performers. Biography Early life Laura Johnson was born in Long Eaton, Derbyshire, the youngest of the three daughters of Charles and Charlotte Johnson. Her father abandoned the family not long after her birth, and Knight grew up amid financial problems. Her grandfather owned a lace-making factory but the advent of new technology led to the business going bankrupt. The family had relations in northern France who were also in the lace-making business and in 1889 Knight was sent to them with the intention that she would eventually study art at a Parisian atelier. After a miserable time in French schools, the bankruptcy of her French relations forced Knight to return to England. Charlotte Johnson taught part-time at the Nottingham School of Art, and managed to have Knight enrolled as an 'artisan student' there, paying no fees, aged just 13. At the age of fifteen, and still a student herself, Knight took over her mother's teaching duties when Charlotte was diagnosed with cancer and became seriously ill. Later, Laura won a scholarship and the gold medal in the national student competition held by the then South Kensington Museum. She continued to give private lessons after she left the School of Art, as both she and her sister Evangeline Agnes, known as Sissie, had been left to live alone on very little money, after the deaths of their mother, their sister Nellie and both their grandmothers. At the School of Art, Laura met one of the most promising students, Harold Knight, then aged 17, and determined that the best method of learning was to copy Harold's technique. They became friends, and married in 1903. Staithes and Laren In 1894, the couple visited Staithes on the Yorkshire coast, for a holiday and soon returned, accompanied by her sister Evangeline Agnes, to live and work there. In Staithes Laura drew the people of the fishing village and the surrounding farms, showing the hardship and poverty of their lives. She made studies, paintings and watercolours, often painting in muted, shadowy tones. Lack of money for expensive materials meant she produced few oil paintings at this time. Local children would sit for her, for pennies, giving her the opportunity to develop her figure painting technique. Less successful at this time were her landscape and thematic works. Although she painted on the moors, high inland from Staithes, she did not consider herself successful at resolving these studies into finished pieces. Later she recalled: Laura Johnson and Harold Knight married in 1903 and made their first trip to the Netherlands in 1904. They spent six weeks there that year and six months there in 1905. They visited the artists colony at Laren. The colony was a group of followers of the Hague School of artists who had been painting in remote rural communities since the 1850s. The Knights made a third trip to Laren in 1906 before spending that winter in Yorkshire. Cornwall In late 1907 the Knights moved to Cornwall, staying first in Newlyn, before moving to the nearby village of Lamorna. There, alongside Lamorna Birch and Alfred Munnings, they became central figures in the artists colony known as the Newlyn School. By March 1908 both had work exhibited at the Newlyn Art Gallery and Harold Knight was an established professional portrait painter, while Laura Knight was still developing her art. Around Newlyn the Knights found themselves among a group of sociable and energetic artists, which appears to have allowed the more vivid and dynamic aspects of Laura's personality to come to the fore. Laura Knight spent the summer of 1908 working on the beaches at Newlyn making studies for her large painting of children in bright sunlight. The Beach was shown at the Royal Academy in 1909, and was considered a great success, showing Laura painting in a more Impressionist style than she had displayed previously. Around this time she began painting compositions of women in the open air, in the plein-air manner, often on the rocks or cliff-tops around Lamorna. Knight would sometimes use models from London who were prepared to pose nude. Although there was some resentment locally about this, the landowner, Colonel Paynter of Boskenna, was fully supportive and allowed Knight and the other artists a free rein. Daughters of the Sun, which showed several women, some naked, sitting by a coastal inlet was completed in 1911 and well received when shown at the Royal Academy. It is now only known from photographs but was considered to be a challenge to the then prevailing attitudes towards female nudity and aroused considerable controversy when included in a touring exhibition. The painting was badly damaged during World War I and was eventually destroyed by mould. In recent years, examples of Knight's plein-air compositions from Cornwall have attracted high prices at auction. Another work from this time is The Green Feather, which Knight painted outdoors in a single day, and reworked due to a change in the weather, which shows the model Dolly Snell in an emerald evening dress with a hat and a large feather. Knight sent the painting to an international exhibition held at the Carnegie Institute in Pittsburgh and it was purchased by the National Gallery of Canada for £400. Knight started the vast painting Lamorna Birch and his Daughters in 1913, painting in a wood in the Lamorna Valley but then kept the painting unfinished in her studio until finally completing it in 1934, the same year Birch was elected a full member of the Royal Academy. Self Portrait with Nude In 1913 Knight made a painting that was a first for a woman artist, Self Portrait with Nude, showing herself painting a nude model, the artist Ella Naper. The painting is a complex, formal composition in a studio setting. Using mirrors, Knight painted herself and Naper as seen by someone entering the studio behind them both. As an art student Knight had not been permitted to directly paint nude models but, like all female art students in England at the time, was restricted to working from casts and copying existing drawings. Knight deeply resented this, and Self Portrait with Nude is a clear challenge, and reaction, to those rules. The painting was first shown in 1913 at the Passmore Edwards Art Gallery in Newlyn, and was well received by both the local press and other artists. Although the Royal Academy rejected the painting for exhibition, it was shown at the International Society of Sculptors, Painters and Gravers in London, as The Model. The Daily Telegraphs critic called the painting "vulgar", and suggested that it "might quite appropriately have stayed in the artist's studio". Despite this reaction, Knight continued to exhibit the painting throughout her career, and it continued to receive press criticism. After Knight's death the picture, now known simply as Self Portrait (1913), was purchased by the National Portrait Gallery, and is now considered both a key work in the story of female self-portraiture and as symbolic of wider female emancipation. In 2015, Simon Schama described the painting as a "masterpiece" and "incomparably, her greatest work, all at once conceptually complex, heroically independent, formally ingenious and lovingly sensual." First World War Knight worked with Ella Naper, who was experienced in enameling techniques, to produce a set of small enamel pieces featuring several ballet dancers, which were shown at the Fine Art Society in London in 1915. Wartime censorship during the First World War included restrictions on sketching and painting around the British coastline, which caused problems for Knight, particularly when painting Spring. Special painting and sketching permits available after 1915 allowed her to continue her paintings of cliff-top landscapes. These were often depicted as relaxed summer scenes but some of her works, particularly those painted after the start of World War I, of a lone woman on a clifftop staring down at a turbulent sea had a darker undertone. Spring was shown at the Royal Academy in 1916 but later reworked. Several others were completed from studies in the Knights' first London studio after they moved to the capital in 1919. Also in 1916 Knight received a £300 commission to paint a canvas for the Canadian Government War Records office on the theme of Physical Training in a Camp, and produced a series of paintings of boxing matches at Witley in Surrey. During the war, in 1916, Harold Knight had registered as a conscientious objector and was eventually required to work as a farm labourer. Ballet Between 1911 until 1929, Knight drew and painted backstage, some of the most famous ballet dancers of the day from Sergei Diaghilev's Ballets Russes. Her subjects included Lydia Lopokova, Anna Pavlova and the dance teacher Enrico Cecchetti. Knight also painted backstage, and in the dressing rooms, at several Birmingham Repertory Theatre productions. In 1924 she was commissioned to design the costumes for the ballet Les Roses. Etching In the early 1920s Knight bought Sir George Clausen's printing press and began etching. She produced 90 prints between 1923 and 1925, including a poster advertising tram travel to Twickenham for London Transport. Knight continued to produce posters for London Transport throughout her career, including one on circus clowns in 1932 and Winter Walks in 1957. In 1922, Knight made her first trip to the United States, where she served on the jury at the Pittsburgh International Exhibition of Pictures. Baltimore 1926 In 1926 Harold Knight spent several months at the Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, in America, painting portrait commissions of surgeons. Laura joined him there and was given permission to paint at the Baltimore Children's Hospital and in the black wards of the racially segregated Johns Hopkins Hospital. Whilst in Baltimore Knight painted a nurse, Pearl Johnson, who took her to meetings and concerts of the early American civil rights movement. Knight also hired a mother and child model to pose for the composition originally known as the Madonna of the Cotton Fields. Knight took these paintings back to London with her and they feature in the Pathé newsreel produced to mark her election as an Associate of the Royal Academy in 1927. Another portrait of Johnson, Irene and Pearl, shows two women against a backdrop of skyscrapers and was one of a number of portraits Knight painted in the late 1920s that appear strikingly modern. Miss Ealand, shown at the Royal Academy in 1928, depicts a woman with cropped hair wearing a jacket and holding a shotgun. The same year Knight's portrait of a woman saxophone player was displayed at the National Gallery of Art in Washington DC. Circus folk In the early 1920s Knight visited the Bertram Mills Circus at Olympia in West London. Mills' circus was a highly polished show with internationally renowned performers. Knight painted some of these performers, such as the clown Whimsical Wilson, several times. Charivari or The Grand Parade, exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1929, depicts practically the entire circus cast of performers and animals. Throughout 1929 and 1930, she went on a tour of Britain with the combined Bertram Mills and Great Carmo's Circus. Painting within a working circus forced Knight to paint at great speed, as the performers rarely had much time to pose. Knight responded by painting directly onto the canvas without any preliminary drawing. Whilst this led to some of her circus scenes appearing 'flat', her paintings of small groups of clowns, such as The Three Clowns (1930) and Old Time Clowns (1957), were much more successful. Her Circus Folk exhibition, at the Alpine Club in 1930, was heavily criticised in art journals, but her paintings of more mundane subjects, such as domestic interiors and London streets, were highly praised. Notable works from this period include Susie and the Wash-basin (1927), Blue and Gold (1927), A Cottage Bedroom (1929) and Spring in St. John's Wood (1933). Two of her circus designs were among the winning entries in a 1933 competition run by Cadbury's for a series of chocolate box designs and which were displayed at the Leicester Galleries in London. In 1934 Knight developed a series of circus designs for the Modern Art for the Table tableware range produced by Clarice Cliff. Recognition At the 1928 Summer Olympics in Amsterdam Knight won the Silver Medal in Painting with the painting Boxer (1917), one of the series she had painted at Witley in 1916. In 1929 Knight was made a Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire, and in June 1931 she received an honorary degree from St. Andrews University. Knight was elected president of the Society of Women Artists in 1932 and held the post until 1967. In 1936 she became the first woman since 1769 elected to full membership of the Royal Academy. The same year Knight published her first autobiography, Oil Paint and Grease Paint, which became a best-seller, with four hardback editions followed in 1941 by a Penguin paperback printing. From 1933 the Knights became regular visitors to Malvern, Worcestershire, making an annual visit to the Malvern Festival, which had been established by their friend Barry Jackson. During one such visit Knight met George Bernard Shaw and painted his portrait. A blue plaque at the Mount Pleasant Hotel on Belle Vue Terrace, Great Malvern, commemorates the time the Knights spent in the area. They found much inspiration for their work in the Malvern Hills and in the surrounding countryside and by the start of World War Two the couple were living at Colwall in Herefordshire. Gypsies In the mid-1930s Knight befriended and painted groups of Gypsies at the Epsom and Ascot racecourses. Knight frequently returned to the racecourses and painted from the back of an antique Rolls-Royce car, which was large enough to accommodate her easel. Often pairs of Gypsy women would pose at the open door of the Rolls-Royce, with the race-day crowds in the background. From Epsom, Knight was invited to the Gypsy settlement at Iver in Buckinghamshire. Knight visited the Iver settlement, normally closed to outsiders, every day for several months in the late 1930s. These visits resulted in a series of portraits of great intensity. Two women, in particular, sat a number of times for Knight: Lilo Smith, the subject of Old Gypsy Women (1938) and Gypsy Splendour (1939), and her daughter-in-law, Beulah. Gypsy Splendour was shown at the Royal Academy in 1939, the year Lilo Smith died. Second World War In September 1939 Knight was asked to produce a recruitment poster for the Women's Land Army, WLA. Knight hired two Suffolk Punch horses and a plough from a farmer and painted them outdoors in a cherry orchard on Averills' farm in Worcestershire. Her original design for the WLA poster was rejected for placing too much emphasis on the horses rather than the women working. A new design, with a single woman, was accepted. Knight painted her 1940 Royal Academy entry, January 1940, showing a similar scene at the same time. During the Second World War, Knight was an official war artist, contracted by the War Artists' Advisory Committee on several short-term commissions. Among the works Knight produced for these commissions were: Corporal J. D. M. Pearson, GC, WAAF (1940) – shows Corporal Daphne Pearson of the Women's Auxiliary Air Force, WAAF, a recipient of the Empire Gallantry Medal, later exchanged for the George Cross. Pearson, at Knight's insistence, sat for the portrait holding a rifle; as WAAF personal were not allowed to carry arms on duty, Knight had to paint over the rifle, which was replaced by a gas mask in the finished painting, with the hands positioned as if still holding a rifle. Corporal J. M. Robins (1940) – Robins was awarded the Military Medal for the courage she showed in assisting the wounded when a shelter was directly hit by a bomb during an attack on RAF Andover. WAAC had requested that Knight paint Robins as part of a group of medal-winning women, but Knight refused. In For Repairs (1941) – showing a partly inflated barrage balloon being repaired by several members of the Women's Auxiliary Air Force at Wythall, near Birmingham. The painting was shown at the Royal Academy in 1941. Corporal Elspeth Henderson and Sergeant Helen Turner (1941) – Henderson and Turner were both awarded the Military Medal for staying at their post when the building they were in received a direct hit from a bomb during an air raid on RAF Biggin Hill. Although painted in Knight's studio in Malvern, the painting shows the two women on duty at their airfield. A Balloon Site, Coventry (1943) – shows a team of women hoisting a barrage balloon into position with the chimneys of industrial Coventry in the background surrounding the spire of Coventry Cathedral. WAAC commissioned the work as a propaganda tool to recruit women for Balloon Command, and Knight's composition succeeds in making the work appear both heroic and glamorous. Ruby Loftus Screwing a Breech-ring (1943) – in the autumn of 1942 the WAAC commissioned Knight to paint a portrait to bolster female recruitment to the ordnance factories, as the Ministry of Supply were concerned at the level of disaffection and absenteeism among women working in the factories. The resulting painting is one of the largest oil paintings in the entire WAAC collection, and the largest single figure portrait it acquired throughout the war. The painting was first shown on 30 April 1943 at the Royal Academy and the next day was reproduced in eight British newspapers. The painting, along with Knight and Loftus, also featured in a British Paramount News short film shown in cinemas, and was reproduced in a poster version by WAAC. The success of the painting led to further industrial commissions for Knight throughout the 1940s. In 1945 she painted Switch Works at Ellison Switchgear in Birmingham. This was followed by paintings of operations at the Dow Mac concrete railway-sleeper works and at the Skefko ball bearing factory. Take Off (1944) – a large and complex group portrait of four from the seven-man crew of a Short Stirling bomber, deep in concentration, preparing for a flight, which Knight painted over several months at RAF Mildenhall. Knight lived in the WAAF Officers' Mess while on the base, and the RAF gave her the use of an obsolete Stirling to work in while preparing the painting. When Knight learned that the navigator in the picture, Raymond Frankish Escreet, had been killed in action, she arranged that his family received a photograph of the painting. In total, Knight had seventeen completed paintings, together with numerous studies, accepted by the WAAC, most of which were exhibited in the National Gallery or the Royal Academy during the war. Throughout the war Knight also continued taking private commissions, usually for individual or family portraits. The most notable war-time example of these is the composition, Betty and William Jacklin showing a mother and child, along with their pet rabbit and the Malvern countryside in background, which was exhibited at the Royal Academy in 1942, beside In for Repairs. Nuremberg 1946 In the aftermath of the war Knight proposed to the War Artists' Advisory Committee the Nuremberg war crimes trials as a subject. The Committee agreed, and Knight went to Germany in January 1946 and spent three months observing the main trial from inside the courtroom. The result was the large oil painting, The Nuremberg Trial. This painting departs from the realism of her wartime paintings, in that, whilst apparently realistically depicting the Nazi war criminals sitting in the dock, the rear and side walls of the courtroom are missing, to reveal a ruined city, partially in flames. Knight explained this choice of composition in a letter to the War Artists' Advisory Committee: The painting was coolly received at the subsequent Royal Academy Summer Exhibition, but was greatly praised by those who had witnessed the trials. Later life After the war Knight returned to her previous themes of the ballet, the circus and Gypsies, and continued to divide her time between London and Malvern. In 1948 Knight painted backstage at the Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, mostly observing the work of the wardrobe department, still working under austerity restrictions. The same year she painted a large group portrait of Princess Elizabeth and several civic dignitaries opening the new Broadgate Centre in Coventry. A period of illness affected her work on this commission, and, despite Knight's repainting large parts of the canvas, the finished painting was not well received. A major exhibition of over eighty works by Knight was held at the Ian Nicol Gallery in Glasgow, in 1952. The following year Knight returned to the theatre, painting and producing crayon studies, backstage at the Old Vic in London during the Birmingham Repertory Theatre's production of Henry IV, Part 1 & Part 2. Throughout this period Knight continued to exhibit at the Royal Academy each year, most notably with a portrait of Jean Rhodes, a professional strong woman known as 'The Mighty Mannequin', which when shown in 1955 led to further portrait commissions for Knight. In 1956 Knight worked backstage at the Royal Opera House during performances and rehearsals by the Bolshoi Ballet. In 1961, Harold Knight died at Colwall; the couple had been married fifty-eight years. Knight's second autobiography, The Magic of a Line was published in 1965, to coincide with a major retrospective of her work at the Royal Academy. The exhibition, the first such for a woman at the Academy, contained over 250 works, and was followed in 1968 and 1969 by further retrospective exhibitions at the Upper Grosvenor Galleries. Knight died on 7 July 1970, aged 92, three days before a large exhibition of her work opened at the Nottingham Castle Art Gallery and Museum. Published works 1921: Twenty-one Drawings of the Russian Ballet 1923: Laura Knight: A Book of Drawings, with an introduction by Charles Marriott 1936: Oil Paint and Grease Paint 1962: A Proper Circus Omie 1965: The Magic of a Line Membership Knight was a member of or affiliated with the following organisations: 1907: Member of the Newlyn Society of Artists, 1909: Elected associate of the Royal Watercolour Society, 1913: Elected member of Royal West of England Academy, 1925: Elected member of Royal Society of Painter-Etchers and Engravers, 1927: Elected associate of the Royal Academy, 1928: Elected full member of the Royal Watercolour Society, 1932: Elected full member of Royal Society of Painter-Etchers and Engravers, 1932: President of Society of Women Artists, 1932: Elected Fellow of Royal Society of Painter-Etchers and Engravers, 1936: Elected full member of the Royal Academy, 1960: Elected Member of the Royal Society of Portrait Painters. Exhibitions Exhibitions of her work held during Knight's life included: 1901: Exhibits at the Royal Institute of Oil Painters, 1903: Royal Academy Summer Exhibition, also in 1906 and then regularly from 1909, 1906: Dutch Life and Landscape, Ernst Brown & Phillip's Leicester Galleries, 1907: Life and Landscape, Ernst Brown & Phillip's Leicester Galleries, 1910: Venice Biennale, and again in 1914 and 1924, 1912: Leicester Galleries, also 1926, 1928, 1932, 1934 and 1939, 1912: Carnegie International, Pittsburg, and in 1914 and 1922, 1915: Fine Art Society, with Ella Naper and Lamorna Birch, 1918: Camp Life and Other Paintings, Leicester Galleries, 1920: Pictures of the Russian Ballet, Leicester Galleries, 1920: Pictures of Modern Artists, Manchester City Art Gallery, 1922: Alpine Club Galleries, 1930: Circus Folk, Alpine Club Galleries, 1931: Usher Gallery, Lincoln, 1931: Art Gallery of Ontario, Toronto, 1933: Laing Art Gallery, Newcastle upon Tyne, 1934: Nottingham Castle Museum, 1963: Upper Grosvenor Galleries, and also in 1968 and 1969, 1965: Diploma Galleries, Royal Academy, Posthumous exhibitions 1970: Nottingham Castle Museum, 1983: Edition Graphique Gallery, London, 1985: Painting in Newlyn 1900–1930, Newlyn Art Gallery then at the Barbican Art Gallery, 1988: David Messum Fine Art, 1989: Nottingham Castle Museum, 1991: David Messum Fine Art, 1996: Women Artists in Cornwall 1880–1940, Falmouth Art Gallery, 2005: Painting at the Edge, Penlee House Gallery, 2006: From Victorian to Modern..., Djanogly Art Gallery and on tour, 2008: Laura Knight at the Theatre, The Lowry and on tour, 2008: The Magic of a Line: Drawings by Dame Laura Knight, R.A., Library Print Room, Royal Academy of Arts, then at Penlee House Gallery in 2008, 2012: Laura Knight: In the Open Air, Penlee House Gallery and on tour, 2013: Laura Knight Portraits, National Portrait Gallery, London, then Laing Art Gallery, Newcastle and Plymouth City Museum and Art Gallery in 2014 2021: Laura Knight: A Panoramic View, Milton Keynes Gallery, 160 works displayed, 9 October 2021 – 20 February 2022 Notes References Further reading Janet Dunbar, Laura Knight (Collins, 1975) Alice Strickland, Laura Knight - Modern Women Artists (Eiderdown Books, 2019) Helen Valentine, Laura Knight: A Working Life (Royal Academy of Arts, 2022) External links Works by Laura Knight in the Imperial War Museum collection. Poster designs by Knight in the London Transport Museum collection. 1877 births 1970 deaths 20th-century English painters 20th-century English women artists Alumni of Nottingham School of Art Artists from Nottingham British war artists Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire English autobiographers English women painters Lamorna Art colony Newlyn School of Artists Olympic competitors in art competitions Olympic silver medalists in art competitions People from Long Eaton Royal Academicians Royal Society of Portrait Painters Women autobiographers Women of the Victorian era World War II artists Society of Women Artists members
U105 is a Belfast, Northern Ireland, based radio station, providing a mix of music and speech as well as hourly news bulletins. It is owned by Wireless Group and was launched at 6am on 14 November 2005. U105 broadcasts on 105.8 FM in Belfast and surrounding area, from studios at City Quays 2. Programmes are transmitted on FM from the Black Mountain transmitting station, located a few miles to the west of Belfast. The station also broadcasts throughout Northern Ireland on DAB and online. In the Q3 2021 RAJAR survey, the station had 217,000 weekly listeners, with total weekly hours of 2,102,000 (higher than its rival Downtown Radio, which had 64,000 more weekly listeners). At 9.69, the station had the highest weekly hours per listener among its main local commercial rivals (Cool FM, Downtown Radio, Downtown Country and Q Radio). As of September 2023, the station broadcasts to a weekly audience of 280,000, according to RAJAR. References External links Radio stations in Northern Ireland Mass media in Belfast Wireless Group
Charles Bruce Ward (20 November 1838 – 9 June 1892) was an English first-class cricketer and clergyman. The son of The Reverend Charles Ward, he was born in November 1838 at Maulden, Bedfordshire. He was educated at Brighton College, before going up to Oriel College, Oxford. While studying at Oxford, he made a single appearance in first-class cricket for Oxford University against the Marylebone Cricket Club at Oxford in 1860. Batting once in the match, he was dismissed for 2 runs in Oxford's only innings by Will Martingell. After graduating from Oxford, Ward attended the Wells Theological College 1861 and took holy orders in the Church of England in the same year. His first ecclesiastical post was as curate of Uttoxeter from 1861 to 1862, before taking up the post of curate of Oakamoor from 1862 to 1865. He moved to Lancashire in 1865, where he was curate of Middleton. Returning to the Midlands in 1870, Ward took up the post of curate in charge of Bilston, which he held for a year before taking up the post of vicar at Whitfield, Derbyshire. He held this post until his death at Glossop in June 1892. His son, Leonard, was also a clergyman and first-class cricketer. His nephews Charles Ward and Herbert Ward also played first-class cricket. References External links 1838 births 1892 deaths People from Central Bedfordshire District People educated at Brighton College Alumni of Oriel College, Oxford English cricketers Oxford University cricketers Alumni of Wells Theological College 19th-century English Anglican priests Cricketers from Bedfordshire
Parerigone is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae. Species Parerigone atrisetosa Wang, Zhang & Wang, 2015 Parerigone aurea Brauer, 1898 Parerigone brachyfurca Chao & Zhou, 1990 Parerigone eristaloides Mesnil, 1953 Parerigone flava Wang, Zhang & Wang, 2015 Parerigone flavipes Shima, 2012 Parerigone flavisquama Wang, Zhang & Wang, 2015 Parerigone huangshanensis (Chao & Sun, 1990) Parerigone laxifrons Wang, Zhang & Wang, 2015 Parerigone macrophthalma Herting, 1981 Parerigone malaisei Mesnil, 1957 Parerigone nigrocauda (Chao & Sun, 1990) Parerigone takanoi Mesnil, 1957 Parerigone tianmushana Chao & Sun, 1990 Parerigone wangi Wang, Zhang & Wang, 2015 References Tachinidae genera Taxa named by Friedrich Moritz Brauer Diptera of Asia
The Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula (sometimes known as the NNG formula) relates the baryon number B, the strangeness S, the isospin I3 of quarks and hadrons to the electric charge Q. It was originally given by Kazuhiko Nishijima and Tadao Nakano in 1953, and led to the proposal of strangeness as a concept, which Nishijima originally called "eta-charge" after the eta meson. Murray Gell-Mann proposed the formula independently in 1956. The modern version of the formula relates all flavour quantum numbers (isospin up and down, strangeness, charm, bottomness, and topness) with the baryon number and the electric charge. Formula The original form of the Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula is: This equation was originally based on empirical experiments. It is now understood as a result of the quark model. In particular, the electric charge Q of a quark or hadron particle is related to its isospin I3 and its hypercharge Y via the relation: Since the discovery of charm, top, and bottom quark flavors, this formula has been generalized. It now takes the form: where Q is the charge, I3 the 3rd-component of the isospin, B the baryon number, and S, C, B′, T are the strangeness, charm, bottomness and topness numbers. Expressed in terms of quark content, these would become: By convention, the flavor quantum numbers (strangeness, charm, bottomness, and topness) carry the same sign as the electric charge of the particle. So, since the strange and bottom quarks have a negative charge, they have flavor quantum numbers equal to −1. And since the charm and top quarks have positive electric charge, their flavor quantum numbers are +1. From a quantum chromodynamics point of view, the Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula and its generalized version can be derived using an approximate SU(3) flavour symmetry because the charges can be defined using the corresponding conserved Noether currents. References Further reading Standard Model he:נוסחת גל-מן-נישיג'ימה
Rauf Parekh is an Urdu lexicographer, linguist, humorist and a Pakistani newspaper columnist. Early life and career Born in Karachi on August 26, 1958, Parekh was educated in Karachi. Having obtained MA and PhD degrees in Urdu from the University of Karachi, he worked for the Urdu Lughat Board or Urdu Dictionary Board, Karachi, as Chief Editor from 2003 to 2007. Farman Fatehpuri, president of the Urdu Lughat Board, said in an interview, "The Urdu Lughat Board plans to publish 22 volumes containing 300,000 words, give or take a few hundred words." He praised Rauf Parekh for bringing out two volumes of the Urdu Lughat in two years. Urdu Lughat Board began its work in 1958, the first volume of the Urdu Lughat came out in 1967. In 2017, Rauf Parekh taught Urdu at the University of Karachi and wrote a weekly literary column in Dawn newspaper. In addition to writing research articles, humorous essays and critical writings, he has written over 20 books. Rauf Parekh was appointed director general of National Language Promotion Department, Islamabad, in December 2020.He also writes columns in English for the newspaper DAWN. Bibliography Some of his books are: Urdu Lughat (vol. 19, 20, 21) (Urdu Dictionary) Awwaleen Urdu Slang Lughat Urdu Lughat Navisi (Writing Dictionary in Urdu) The Oxford Urdu-English Dictionary Asri Adab Aur Samaji Rujhanaat Allama Iqbal by Atiya Begum Awards and recognition Pride of Performance Award by the President of Pakistan in 2018 References Pakistani essayists Linguists from Pakistan Living people 1958 births Pakistani columnists Pakistani humorists Pakistani lexicographers Linguists of Urdu Urdu-language humorists University of Karachi alumni Academic staff of the University of Karachi Writers from Karachi Pakistani people of Gujarati descent Recipients of the Pride of Performance Muhajir people
The Swallow was a brigantine built in Lancaster, Lancashire for Satterthwaite & Inman for use in the slave trade. In 1754 the ship sailed for Gambia whence she embarked 98 enslaved Africans, 21 of whom died in transit before 77 were sold in Barbados. The ship was advertised for sale on 27 August 1756, in Lancaster, enquiries directed Satterthwaite and Inman. According to Gross Fleury's Journal in an account of ships sailing from Lancaster, the Swallow is listed as belonging to Thompson and Co. with Ord as the master. References Ships built in Lancashire 1751 ships
Jonathan Fiifii'i MBE (1921 – October 1989) was a Kwaio from Ane'emae near Oloburi, Malaita, Solomon Islands. His father was Buumae and mother Dafua. Biography Fiifii'i was a founding member of Maasina Ruru, the independence movement that he started in 1945 with Nori and Aliki Nono'oohimae, whom he met while serving in the Solomon Islands Labour Corps during World War II. After being arrested and held by the British administration as a political prisoner, he was released and continued to be involved in politics, beginning with the Subdistrict Committee in Ngarinaasuru. In the 1970 general elections he was elected to the Governing Council in the Central Malaita constituency. He was re-elected in the 1973 elections in the Kwaio constituency. In 1976 he was elected to the Legislative Assembly (into which the Governing Council had been transformed in 1974) from the East Kwaio constituency. He lost his seat in 1980 to Daniel Foasifobae. He challenged Foasifobae again in the 1984 elections, but lost again. He remained critical of the government, even after independence. He formed the Kwaio Cultural Centre in 1979. In 1982, he wrote his autobiography, From pig-theft to parliament, which was translated and edited by Roger Keesing. References From pig-theft to parliament: My life between two worlds Translated and edited by Roger Keesing. Suva, Fiji : Institute of Pacific Studies ; Solomon Islands College of Higher Education, 1989. Fifii (Paperback, 2002) by Jonathan Fifii, Julian Treadaway, University of the South Pacific 1921 births 1989 deaths Kwaio people People from Malaita Province Members of the Governing Council of the Solomon Islands Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Solomon Islands Members of the National Parliament of the Solomon Islands Government ministers of the Solomon Islands Solomon Islands prisoners and detainees
Brigman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Anne Brigman (1869–1950), American photographer D. J. Brigman (born 1976), American golfer June Brigman (born 1960), American comics artist and illustrator Megan Brigman (b. 1990), American soccer player Surnames of Old English origin Germanic-language surnames Surnames of English origin
Gmina Paradyż is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Opoczno County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. Its seat is the village of Paradyż, which lies approximately south-west of Opoczno and south-east of the regional capital Łódź. The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 4,421. Villages Gmina Paradyż contains the villages and settlements of Adamów, Alfonsów, Bogusławy, Daleszewice, Dorobna Wola, Feliksów, Grzymałów, Honoratów, Irenów, Joaniów, Kazimierzów, Krasik, Mariampol, Paradyż, Podgaj, Popławy-Kolonia, Przyłęk, Solec, Stanisławów, Stawowice, Stawowice-Kolonia, Stawowiczki, Sylwerynów, Wielka Wola, Wójcin, Wójcin A and Wójcin B. Neighbouring gminas Gmina Paradyż is bordered by the gminas of Aleksandrów, Białaczów, Mniszków, Sławno and Żarnów. References Polish official population figures 2006 Paradyz Opoczno County
Fenimorea jongreenlawi is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Drilliidae. Description The length of this marine shell varies between 9 mm and 12.5 mm. Distribution This marine species occurs off the Lesser Antilles, Trinidad and Tobago, St Vincent and the Grenadines References External links Fallon P.J. (2016). Taxonomic review of tropical western Atlantic shallow water Drilliidae (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Conoidea) including descriptions of 100 new species. Zootaxa. 4090(1): 1–363 jongreenlawi Gastropods described in 2016
Notion or Notions may refer to: Software Notion (music software), a music composition and performance program Notion (productivity software), a note-taking and project-management program from Notion Labs Inc. Notion (window manager), the successor to the Ion window manager Music Notion (EP), by Tash Sultana, 2016 "Notion" (Kings of Leon song), 2008 Notion (magazine), a UK music and fashion quarterly Notion (music software), a music composition and performance program "Notion" (Tash Sultana song), 2016 "Notion" (The Rare Occasions song), 2016 Other uses Johnnie Notions, Shetland smallpox inoculator Notion (ancient city), a Greek city-state on the west coast of Anatolia Notion, ancient name of Mizen Head in Ireland Notion (philosophy), a reflection in the mind of real objects and phenomena in their essential features and relations Notions (sewing), small articles used in sewing and haberdashery Notions (Winchester College), the Winchester slang
Peter Makuck (born October 26, 1940) is an American poet, short story writer, and critic. He is distinguished professor emeritus of English at East Carolina University, where he was also the first distinguished professor of arts and sciences; he has also served as visiting writer in residence at Brigham Young University, visiting distinguished professor at North Carolina State University, and visiting distinguished writer-in-residence at the University of North Carolina-Wilmington. In 1993 Makuck received the Charity Randall Citation from the International Poetry Forum. Poems, stories, and reviews by Makuck have been published in many leading journals, including Poetry, The Southern Review, The Hudson Review, Ploughshares, and others, and his work has been featured on the Poetry Daily website and on Garrison Keillor's Writer's Almanac. Makuck was the founding editor of the journal Tar River Poetry. He lives with his wife, Phyllis, on Bogue Banks, one of North Carolina's barrier islands. Education Makuck received his B.A. from St. Francis College (now part of the University of New England) in Maine, his M.A. from Niagara University, and his Ph.D. from Kent State University, where he wrote his dissertation on William Faulkner. As a student he witnessed the 1970 Kent State shootings; his early poem "The Commons" addresses this event. Themes According to Lorraine Hale Robinson, Makuck's poems "repeatedly explore the themes of epiphany and second chances; of the relations of mystery, grace, and beauty; and of the revalatory effects of jolts of violence." He has a "compelling interest in place....[T]he landscapes of Eastern North Carolina have influenced his work," as has the desert Southwest (214-215). Matthew Schmeer, in his review of Makuck's Off-season in the Promised Land, notes that Acceptance is as an undercurrent in these poems: acceptance of time, of fate, of the changing seasons, of loss, of the gifts and glimpses of the natural world. It would be easy to label Makuck a naturalist after reading this collection, as fully three-fourths of the pieces are about encounters with whales, hawks, fish, weather, shifting sandbars and whatnot. But . . . Makuck does not see nature as wholly benevolent. There is always an undercurrent of danger, of quiet violence, times when a quick squall can blow in from offshore, when the beauty of the landed fish is admired for a moment before the knife is unsheathed. Hawks and hurricanes cannot be held to moral standards, and Makuck revels in revealing this seam where violence and calm collide. . . . Works Poetry Mandatory Evacuation. Rochester, NY: BOA Editions, 2016. Long Lens: New & Selected Poems. Rochester, NY: BOA Editions, 2010. Off-Season in the Promised Land. Rochester, NY: BOA Editions, 2005. Against Distance. Rochester, NY: BOA Editions, 1997. Shorelines. Maryville, MO: Green Tower P, 1995. The Sunken Lightship. Rochester, NY: BOA Editions, 1990. Pilgrims. Bristol, RI: Ampersand P, 1987. Where We Live. Rochester, NY: BOA Editions, 1982. Short Story Collections Wins & Losses. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse UP, 2016. Allegiance and Betrayal. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse UP, 2013. Costly Habits. Columbia, MO: U of Mo P, 2002. Breaking and Entering. Champaign, IL: U of Illinois P, 1981. Criticism An Open World: Essays on Leslie Norris. Co-edited with Eugene England. Rochester, NY: Camden House, 1994. References Ettari, Gary. "The Poet and the Sea: An Interview with Peter Makuck." North Carolina Literary Review Number 16 (2007): 66–74. Robinson, Lorraine Hale. "Peter Makuck," in "Dictionary of North Carolina Writers: Lacy to Mathabane." North Carolina Literary Review Number 9 (2000): 214–215. Schmeer, Matthew. Review of Off-season in the Promised Land. The Great American Pin-up, 24 Feb 2006. Peter Makuck Faculty Profile Page, East Carolina University Publisher Bio Note, BOA Editions Tar River Poetry Homepage East Carolina University faculty American male poets Poets from North Carolina Brigham Young University faculty North Carolina State University faculty Kent State University alumni Niagara University alumni University of New England (United States) alumni 1940 births Living people
Burlington Municipal Airport may refer to: Burlington Municipal Airport (Wisconsin), serving Burlington, Wisconsin, United States Burlington Municipal Airport (Massachusetts), a former airport serving Burlington, Massachusetts, United States See also Burlington Airport (disambiguation)
John Mowbray (born 1940) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1950s and 1960s. He played for Western Suburbs in the NSWRL competition, as a . Early life Mowbray was born in Springwood and played his junior rugby league with the Guildford Owls in the Parramatta district. Mowbray initially trialed with Balmain but was unsuccessful in being signed in their squad. Mowbray then went and trialed with Western Suburbs and was successful in obtaining a contract after starring in a pre-season match against Parramatta at Cumberland Oval. Playing career Mowbray made his first grade debut for Wests against Manly at Pratten Park in 1959. Mowbray did not feature for Western Suburbs in either the 1961 or 1962 grand final defeats to St George but was a member of the 1963 grand final side which lost to St George 8–3. The grand final is widely remembered for the muddy conditions during the match and the photograph of Norm Provan and Arthur Summons which was taken at full time. This would be the last grand final that Western Suburbs would play in as a stand-alone entity until they exited the competition in 1999. Mowbray played a further five seasons for Wests and retired at the end of 1968. References 1940 births Living people Western Suburbs Magpies players Australian rugby league players Rugby league players from New South Wales Rugby league wingers
In ancient Rome, the ancilia (Latin, singular ancile) were twelve sacred shields kept in the Temple of Mars. According to legend, one divine shield fell from heaven during the reign of Numa Pompilius, the second king of Rome. He ordered eleven copies made to confuse would-be thieves, since the original shield was regarded as one of the pignora imperii (pledges of rule), sacred guarantors that perpetuated Rome as a sovereign entity. The shields are identified by their distinct 'figure of eight' shape which is said to be derived from Mycenaean art. As described by Plutarch, the shape of the ancile is a standard shield, neither round or oval, which has curved indentations on both sides. The ancilia were kept by the Salii, a body of twelve priests instituted for that purpose by Numa. The Salii wielded them ritually in a procession throughout March. According to Varro, the ancilia may have also made an appearance in the Armilustrium (‘Purification of the Arms’) in October. The Salii were said to beat their shields with staves while performing ritual dances and singing the Carmen Salire. Etymology Ancient sources give varying etymologies for the word ancile. Some derive it from the Greek ankylos (ἀγκύλος), "crooked". Plutarch thinks the word may be derived from the Greek ankōn (ἀγκών), "elbow", the weapon being carried on the elbow. Varro derives it ab ancisu, as being cut or arched on the two sides, like the bucklers of the Thracians called peltae. Myth When the original ancile fell, a voice was heard which declared that Rome should be mistress of the world while the shield was preserved. The shield was said to have been sent down from heaven by Jupiter to Numa. The Ancile was, as it were, the palladium of Rome. Numa, by the advice, as it is said, of the nymph Egeria, ordered eleven others, perfectly like the first, to be made. This was so that if anyone should attempt to steal it, as Ulysses did the Palladium, they might not be able to distinguish the true Ancile from the false ones. According to Ovid’s Fasti, Mamurius Veturius agreed to forge the eleven replicas of the original ancile if he was given glory by Numa and mentioned in the Carmen Salire. Thus, this myth provides the etiological story for the Cult of Mamurius which was popular in the Augustan Age. The gifting of the ancile to Numa is viewed as a legend which reveals a successful and favorable interaction Numa had with Jupiter. Ancile as Pignora Imperii Maurus Servius Honoratus, an early 4th century grammarian, regards the ancile as one of the seven pignora imperii of the Roman empire in his In Vergilii Aeneidem commentarii (‘Commentary on Virgil’s Aeneid’). Alongside the ancile, Servius lists the other six pignora: the stone of the Mother of the Gods, the terracotta chariot of the Veientines, the ashes of Orestes, the sceptre of Priam, the veil of Iliona, and the palladium. Livy mentions the ancilia as a passing reference again in book 5 of Ab Urbe Condita, but does not directly assign the label of pignus imperii to the ancilia. He only assigns this label to the Palladium and the eternal flame of Vesta. References Roman mythology Religious objects Mythological shields
St Thomas Aquinas School is a parochial school and a client member of IEB in Witbank, South Africa, which has based its education on Catholic Church values and discipline. References External links Religious schools in South Africa Catholic schools in South Africa Private schools in South Africa
The MotorSport Vision Formula Three Cup is a national motor racing series that takes place primarily in the United Kingdom, with a small number of events in mainland Europe. It is a club racing series aimed towards amateur drivers and aspiring racers, and uses older generation single seater Formula Three cars to keep costs low. The F3 Cup has three classes covering cars built between 1981 and 2011. The series is organised by MotorSport Vision, and in 2015 it was the only Formula Three series in the United Kingdom. Since 2021 the championship has been managed by the Monoposto Racing Club and sponsored by Hardall International. History MotorSport Vision Racing, which is the racing division of MotorSport Vision, announced the launch of the MSV F3 Cup in 2011. It is the successor to the BRSCC run championships/series with the names BRSCC F3, Club F3 and ARP F3. For 2012, the club obtained championship status and from then on became known as F3 Cup. From 2021 the Championship moved from being managed by MSV to the Monoposto Racing Club and attracted sponsorship from Hardall International The 2022 season was cancelled due to a lack of entries and protracted discussions on the composition of the championship. Equipment Teams are allowed to use Formula Three chassis built after 1980 but before 2005. This allows teams to enter with cheaper equipment. The series uses a control tyre which all drivers must use. The tyres are supplied by Avon Tyres, whose parent company supply tyres to the British Formula 3 Championship. Engines will be 2 litre (2000cc) restricted engines also built between 1981 and 2005. Due to the mix in ages, and therefore competitiveness of cars, the championship runs three classes. Formula Three chassis built between 2008 and 2011 are eligible to enter the main championship from 2015. Cup Class: For cars and engines built and raced between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 2007, with a maximum engine air restriction of 26.00mm diameter. From 2012, Toyota "Long Life" engines from the European Open F3 Championship are eligible with a 31mm restrictor. Opel "Long Life" engines are also permitted. Trophy Class: For cars and engines built and raced between 1 January 1992 and 31 December 1996, with a maximum engine air restriction of up to 26.00mm diameter. Masters Class: For cars and any engines built and raced between 1 January 1981 and 31 December 1991, with a maximum engine air restriction of up to 25.00mm diameter. There will also be a Guest Class for any other formula three car that the organising team have given permission to join the series or single events. Champions In 2011, F3 Cup was run as a series, not as a championship. There was a prize for the most meritorious driver, which was deemed to be Aaron Steele. The MSA granted F3 Cup championship status for 2012 onwards. Events The championship comprises eight rounds, each with two races. Each race weekend will comprise one 20 minute qualifying session and two or three 20 or 30 minute races. The 2021 season features 6 rounds held in England. See also British Formula 3 Championship Formula Three References 2011 establishments in the United Kingdom Auto racing series in the United Kingdom Formula racing series Formula Three series
Horst Lunenburg (born 18 January 1943) is a former German footballer. Lunenburg made 63 appearances in the 2. Bundesliga during his playing career. References External links 1943 births Living people German men's footballers Men's association football forwards 2. Bundesliga players Tennis Borussia Berlin players
Krystyn Lach Szyrma (17 December 1790, Wojnasy; 21 April 1866, Devonport, Devon) was a professor of philosophy at Warsaw University. He was also a writer, journalist, translator and political activist. Life Szyrma was professor of philosophy at Warsaw University from 1824 to 1831. He left no philosophical writings. Szyrma was one of nearly all the university professors of philosophy in Poland before the November 1830–31 Uprising who held a position that shunned both Positivism and metaphysical speculation, affined to the Scottish philosophers but linked in certain respects to Kantian critique. See also History of philosophy in Poland List of Poles W. S. Lach-Szyrma Notes References Władysław Tatarkiewicz, Zarys dziejów filozofii w Polsce (A Brief History of Philosophy in Poland), [in the series:] Historia nauki polskiej w monografiach (History of Polish Learning in Monographs), [volume] XXXII, Kraków, Polska Akademia Umiejętności (Polish Academy of Learning), 1948. This monograph draws from pertinent sections in earlier editions of the author's Historia filozofii (History of Philosophy). Krystyn Lach-Szyrma, From Charlotte Square to Fingal’s Cave: Reminiscences of a Journey through Scotland, 1820–1824, edited and annotated by Mona Kedslie McLeod, East Lothian, Tuckwell Press, 2004, 244 pp., illus., SB, £20.00. 1790 births 1866 deaths 19th-century Polish philosophers 19th-century translators
Cô Sao ("Miss Sao") is a 1965 Vietnamese-language western-style opera by the composer Đỗ Nhuận. It is usually regarded as the first opera in Vietnamese. References Vietnamese-language operas 1965 operas Operas Vietnamese plays
Princess Elisabeth Vilma Lwoff-Parlaghy (born as Brachfeld Vilma Erzsébet, Hajdúdorog, 15 April 1863 - New York, 28 August 1923) was a Hungarian-born portrait painter who worked in the German Empire and the United States. She is known to have painted about 120 portraits of prominent Americans and Europeans between 1884 and 1923. Early life Elisabeth von Parlaghy received her education as an artist in Budapest and later by Franz Quaglio and Wilhelm Dürr the Younger in Munich, where she adopted the style of Franz von Lenbach. A portrait of her mother gained her public notice in Berlin in 1890. That year, controversy erupted over a portrait either of von Moltke or of the German Emperor William II; sources vary. It was rejected on its initial submission by the jury of the International Exposition at Berlin, but restored at the personal request, or order, of the Emperor. Her exhibition of portraits in the Salon de Paris from 1892 to 1894 brought her further public notice. Lwoff-Parlaghy exhibited her work at the Palace of Fine Arts and The Woman's Building at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Illinois. In 1896 she first visited New York City. In 1899, she married the Russian Prince Evgeny Georgyevich Lvov (or Lwow/Lwoff, born 1862 in Russia) in Prague; they were quickly divorced, though she continued to style herself the "Princess Lwoff-Parlaghy" using her artist name with the authorization of Prince Lvov. The Prince also continued to provide her with a permanent annual allowance. She again visited New York in 1899, where her portrait of Admiral George Dewey became the basis of further success. Returning to Europe in 1900, she had a daughter, Wilhelmina Nors, whose father, Peter Nors, a Danish officer or minister, was the Princess' companion at that time (at least 1905). Her daughter, Wilhelmina Nors (usually Vilma Nors), was born in August 1906 in Britain and raised by a nanny in London. She hardly knew her mother but became a painter and copyist herself in Paris and Nice. Princess Lwoff-Parlaghy also lived in Berlin and Nice, between 1900 and 1908, before her permanent return to New York in 1908. Manhattan In Manhattan she lived stylishly in a fourteen-room suite on the third floor of the new Plaza Hotel, which included a private chapel; her retinue there included a personal surgeon and a chamberlain, as well as a pet lion named "Goldfleck". When "Goldfleck" died she buried him at the Hartsdale Pet Cemetery. The Princess had seen the lion cub at Ringling Brothers circus and asked to buy him, but the circus owners refused. However, they agreed to sell him to American Civil War hero Daniel E. Sickles - whose portrait the Princess had recently painted. He gave the cub immediately to the grateful Princess as a gift.. She became known as a 5th Avenue portraitist, partly as a result of a well-publicized 1911 visit to her cousin Abbott Lawrence Lowell, then President of Harvard, during which she travelled to Boston by private railway car and insisted on dining off her own solid-gold dinnerware. In 1913 she celebrated her fiftieth birthday with an exhibition of a series of her German portraits in the Plaza. In 1916 she moved to Park Avenue, commencing her residence with the presentation of a portrait of John Burroughs; that same year she presented her so-called "blue portrait" of the inventor Nikola Tesla in her studio at 109 East 39th Street. This was the only portrait Tesla sat for during his life. She celebrated her sixtieth birthday in 1923 with an exhibition of what she called her Manhattan Hall of Fame in the Carlton on Madison Avenue. "No one knew where the princess’s money came from, but in 1914, when World War I broke out in Europe, her once-abundant wealth suddenly vanished. Soon after, she was dogged by her lawyer, banker and the stables where she boarded her horses, for nonpayment. She fled, leaving her Plaza suite, an unpaid bill for $12,000, her paintings (taken by the Plaza) and numerous belongings behind. In 1923, she died in a cramped room on East 39th Street, surrounded by her unsold artwork and a single maid for a companion, with a line of creditors waiting outside her door." When Princess Lwoff-Parlaghy died in 1923 the poet Edwin Markham gave her funeral oration. She is buried in Woodlawn Cemetery in the Bronx. Selected portraits Elisabeth of Bavaria, Queen of Belgium August Belmont, Jr. Leo von Caprivi Caroline Dutcher Sterling Choate William Conant Church Chauncey M. Depew George Dewey Thomas Alva Edison Daniel Chester French Myron T. Herrick Friedrich Hirth Seth Low Edwin Markham Hudson Maxim Helmuth von Moltke the Elder Alton B. Parker Henry Phipps Horace Porter Ernst Gunther, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein Daniel E. Sickles Charles Dwight Sigsbee Benjamin Tracy James Grant Wilson Most of these portraits were part of the "Manhattan Hall of Fame" exhibition, 1923. Bibliography Cornelius Steckner: Die New Yorker Malerfürstin Vilma Princess Lwoff-Parlaghy, in: Bilder aus der Neuen und der Alten Welt, 1993, 34–41; 152–156. References 1863 births 1923 deaths Hungarian painters Hungarian women artists Burials at Woodlawn Cemetery (Bronx, New York) Painters from New York (state) 19th-century American painters 20th-century American painters 19th-century women artists 20th-century Hungarian women artists Emigrants from Austria-Hungary Immigrants to the German Empire Immigrants to the United States
Agnieszka Radwańska was the defending champion, but lost in the quarterfinals to Virginie Razzano. Caroline Wozniacki won the title, defeating Razzano in the final 7–6(7–5), 7–5. Seeds Draw Finals Top half Bottom half External links Draw Aegon International Singles
The 2016 Chicago Eagles season was the team's first season and first as a member of Champions Indoor Football (CIF). The Eagles were one of 12 teams in the CIF for the 2016 season, they played in the 6-team Northern Division. The Eagles played their home games at the UIC Pavilion in Chicago, Illinois, under the direction of head coach Tim Arvanitis. Schedule Key: Regular season Standings Roster References Chicago Eagles 2010s in Chicago 2016 in Illinois Chicago Eagles
is a mountain in the Nasu Volcanic Zone. It is located in Chitose, Hokkaidō, Japan. The mountain is the source of the Shiribetsu River. References Mountains of Hokkaido
Caecossonus is a genus of true weevils in the beetle family Curculionidae. There are at least three described species in Caecossonus. Species These three species belong to the genus Caecossonus: Caecossonus continuus Howden, 1992 Caecossonus dentipes Gilbert, 1955 Caecossonus sylvaticus Howden, 1992 References Further reading Molytinae Articles created by Qbugbot
Sequestosome-1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SQSTM1 gene. Also known as the ubiquitin-binding protein p62, it is an autophagosome cargo protein that targets other proteins that bind to it for selective autophagy. By interacting with GATA4 and targeting it for degradation, it can inhibit GATA-4 associated senescence and senescence-associated secretory phenotype. Model organisms Model organisms have been used in the study of SQSTM1 function. A conditional knockout mouse line, called Sqstm1tm1a(KOMP)Wtsi was generated as part of the International Knockout Mouse Consortium program — a high-throughput mutagenesis project to generate and distribute animal models of disease to interested scientists. Male and female animals underwent a standardized phenotypic screen to determine the effects of deletion. Twenty two tests were carried out on homozygous mutant mice and one significant abnormality was observed: females had abnormal complete blood count parameters, including an increased red blood cell distribution width and increased mean platelet volume. Interactions Sequestosome 1 has been shown to interact with: MAP1LC3A, PRKCI, RAD23A, RIPK1, TRAF6 TrkA, and TrkB. Nrf2 References Further reading Feng, Lifeng et al. “Tamoxifen activates Nrf2-dependent SQSTM1 transcription to promote endometrial hyperplasia” Theranostics vol. 7,7 1890-1900. 10 Apr. 2017, doi:10.7150/thno.19135 Genes mutated in mice
Mario Girotti (Turin, 2 September 1885 – Rome, 3 November 1957) was an Italian Alpini general during World War II. Biography He was born in Turin on 2 September 1885, the son of Luigi Girotti and Cristina Lussiatti. After becoming officer on September 14, 1906, he served in Libya in 1914 and then took part in the First World War with the rank of captain and later major, earning a silver (for an action in the Carnic Alps in June 1916) and a bronze medal for military valor (for his behaviour during the First Battle of Monte Grappa in December 1917). From December 1918 to April 1919, as major in the "Monte Antelao" Alpini Battalion, he worked on the restoration of the embankments of the Piave river. In 1922 he became commander of the "Susa" Alpini Battalion, then of the 74th Infantry Regiment "Lombardia" and later of the 4th Alpini Regiment. In January 1931 he was promoted to colonel and appointed Head of Office at the Inspectorate of Alpine Troops, replacing Colonel Vincenzo Paolini, a post he held until 1939. He was promoted to brigadier general and on 10 June 1940, following Italy's entry into World War II, he assumed command of the "Levanna" Alpini Groupment, composed of three Alpini battalions and deployed in the Orco-Baltea-Stura sector during the attack on France. In September 1940 he assumed command of the 3rd Alpine Division Julia, which he led in the bitter fighting in the mountains of the Epirus during the Greco-Italian War, participating in the battle of Pindus and in the battle of Klisura Pass between October 1940 and January 1941. At the start of the campaign the Julia Division spearheaded the Italian advance into Greece, but was surrounded and cut off by the Greek counterattack in the battle of the Pindus; Girotti managed to break the encirclement and save most of the division from certain destruction, and for this on February 15 he was promoted to the rank of major general for war merit. In late February the division repelled a Greek offensive aimed at capturing Tepelenë, for which Girotti was awarded a Silver medal for military valor. On 15 November of the same year he assumed command of the newly established 6th Alpine Division Alpi Graie, which starting from March 1942 was transferred to Yugoslavia and employed in anti-partisan operations between Danilovgrad (where the divisional headquarters were established) and Podgorica and in the Nikšić area of Montenegro; for his leadership during these operations Girotti was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Military Order of Savoy. He was later included by Yugoslavia in the CROWCASS list of wanted criminals for war crimes committed by his troops in Montenegro. The division was repatriated in January 1943 and redeployed in southern Liguria, with the task of defending the naval base of La Spezia, and on 15 August 1943 Girotti was replaced by General Mario Gorlier and was assigned to the Ministry of War in Rome, where he was at the time of the proclamation of the armistice of Cassibile on 8 September. Having joined the Clandestine Military Front following the German occupation of Rome, Girotti carried out Resistance activities until he was arrested by the Nazis, imprisoned and finally sentenced to death by firing squad after being harshly and fruitlessly interrogated, but Rome was liberated before the sentence could be carried out. He was, thus, freed and on 17 July 1944 he was made commander of the Clandestine Front Department of the Royal Italian Army, tasked with collecting and studying the material relating to the activities of the Clandestine Military Front during the German occupation of Rome. On 21 February 1945 he drafted a document entitled Summary of the activities of the Clandestine Front Department. For his Resistance activities during the occupation of Rome, he was awarded another Silver medal of military valor. He was later transferred to the Army reserve and held various associative positions, including that of Vice-President of the National Union of Retired Officers of Italy, enrolling in the Roman section of the National Alpini Association, and collaborating with numerous magazines. He died in Rome on November 3, 1957, and his funeral was attended by Marshal of Italy Giovanni Messe, while a battalion of the 4th Alpini Regiment rendered the military honors during the burial. References 1885 births 1957 deaths Italian military personnel of World War I Italian military personnel of World War II Recipients of the Bronze Medal of Military Valor Recipients of the Silver Medal of Military Valor Italian generals People of the Greco-Italian War
"The Most Mysterious Song on the Internet" (also known as "Like the Wind", "Blind the Wind", "Check It In, Check It Out" or "Take It In, Take It Out" after lines in fan-interpreted lyrics; acronymed as TMMSOTI or TMS) is the nickname given to an unidentified song recording, most likely composed in the 1980s. The song was reportedly recorded from a Norddeutscher Rundfunk (NDR) broadcast sometime in the mid-1980s, likely during or after 1984. Since 2019, this song has been the subject of a viral Internet phenomenon, with many users of sites such as Reddit and Discord involved in a collaborative effort to search for the origins of the song. Through the search, other unknown songs were discovered. Users have coined the term "Lostwave" to describe songs of this nature. Background A man named Darius S. recorded the song from a radio program that he listened to on the West German public radio station Norddeutscher Rundfunk. He recorded the song on a cassette tape, which also included songs from XTC and The Cure. To get clean recordings of songs, Darius purposely removed dialogue from radio hosts, which is likely why the exact airplay date and the title are unknown. In 1985, Darius created a playlist consisting of the unidentified songs in his personal collection. In 2004, his older sister, Lydia H., gave him a website domain as a birthday present. He then digitized his playlist, saving the songs as .aiff and .m4a files, and used the website domain to raise awareness of his playlist. On March 18, 2007, Lydia (under the pseudonym "Anton Riedel") began her online search for the song. She originally posted on the Usenet group de.rec.musik.recherche, but later migrated to websites with song identification tools. She posted an excerpt of the song to best-of-80s.de (a German forum devoted to eighties synth-pop) and to spiritofradio.ca (a fan site dedicated to Canadian radio station CFNY-FM). Viral internet phenomenon The mystery of the unidentified song gained viral popularity in 2019, when a Brazilian teenager named Gabriel da Silva Vieira began searching for the song's origin, after being informed about it by Nicolás Zúñiga of the Spanish independent record label Dead Wax Records. Gabriel uploaded the excerpt of the song to YouTube and many music-related Reddit communities, and eventually founded r/TheMysteriousSong. On May 27, 2019, Australian music news website Tone Deaf wrote the earliest article focusing on the song, with author Tyler Jenke discussing the preliminary stages of the search for the track and noting that the search was similar to a 2013 search for a song which was ultimately identified as "On the Roof" by Swedish musician Johan Lindell. On July 9, 2019, American YouTuber Justin Whang posted an episode of his series Tales from the Internet discussing the song and the progress of the search up to that point. The video's release further galvanized Internet users to contribute to the effort to identify the song. After the release of Whang's video, Reddit user u/johnnymetoo posted the complete version of the song, which he obtained from a link on one of Lydia's Usenet posts before deletion. Searchers made contact with individuals potentially pertinent to the search, such as Paul Baskerville (a disc jockey from NDR), GEMA (a German performance rights organization), and a YouTube channel named "80zforever", which posts obscure music. Baskerville agreed to play the song on his then-current radio show Nachtclub on July 21, 2019. Although no new leads came of it, it did make Lydia and Darius aware of the new wave of investigation, and Lydia subsequently became involved with the Reddit community in August. On July 9, 2020, Reddit user u/FlexxonMobil acquired the complete list of songs Baskerville had played on Musik Für Junge Leute in 1984 and published it on the site. After some searching, users concluded that the song was not in that list, effectively ruling out the theory that Baskerville had played the song. The remaining Musik Für Junge Leute playlists eventually arrived in December 2020, and after an extensive search, users concluded that the song was not played on Musik Für Junge Leute. In January 2021, the community received Der Club and Nachtclub playlists from October and November 1984, and found several songs that Darius and Lydia had taped, including those from the BASF 4\|1 tape, leading users to believe the song would show up within the remaining playlists. In late 2020, Discord user Fliere analyzed the tape recording of the song and found a 10 kHz line, which was also present on the other BASF 4\|1 songs and some songs on BASF 4\|2. This line was discovered to be present on virtually all NDR radio broadcasts at the time, but not on Hilversum radio broadcasts, effectively ruling out the possibility of the song being aired on any station other than NDR. On November 2, 2021, Lydia posted on Reddit that one of her sons had found a box full of tapes while renovating her apartment. One of the tapes contained a higher quality version of the song. The tape's track list was different from previous ones, though it is speculated to be made from the same recording, as it shares some of the same artifacts as the first tape. Theories Searchers generally agree that the singer has some sort of European accent, but the specific type is unclear. Some users have theorized that the Yamaha DX7 synthesizer, which was released in late 1983, was used in the leads. It has been speculated that the song was recorded in 1984, since most of the songs on the cassette tape were also released around 1984. Further evidence that supports this as being the earliest possible airing date was the Technics tape deck that he most likely used to record the song, which was manufactured in 1984 as well. Paul Baskerville, who does not remember playing the song, suspects that the song was a demo recording that was played once by an NDR presenter and then thrown away. Covers and remixes A number of covers and remixed versions of the song have been created, including a cover by American band Mephisto Walz titled "Like the Wind" and released on their 2020 album All These Winding Roads. See also Lost media Rare groove Ready 'n' Steady References External links Full version of the song posted to YouTube by Gabriel Vieira Full BASF Tape 4 The Most Mysterious Song On The Internet on Know Your Meme Official community Twitter account 2007 in Internet culture 2019 in Internet culture Internet mysteries Songwriter unknown 1980s songs New wave songs Post-punk songs
In music, call and response is a compositional technique, often a succession of two distinct phrases that works like a conversation in music. One musician offers a phrase, and a second player answers with a direct commentary or response. The phrases can be vocal, instrumental, or both. Additionally, they can take form as commentary to a statement, an answer to a question or repetition of a phrase following or slightly overlapping the initial speaker(s). It corresponds to the call and response pattern in human communication and is found as a basic element of musical form, such as verse-chorus form, in many traditions. By country Africa In Sub-Saharan African cultures, call and response is a pervasive pattern of democratic participation—in public gatherings in the discussion of civic affairs, in religious rituals, as well as in vocal and instrumental musical expression. North America Enslaved Africans brought call and response music with them to the colonized American continents and it has been transmitted over the centuries in various forms of cultural expression—in religious observance, public gatherings, sporting events, even in children's rhymes, and, most notably, in African-American music in its myriad forms and descendants. These include soul, gospel, blues, rhythm and blues, rock and roll, funk, pop, and hip hop. Hear for example the recordings entitled "Negro Folklore from Texas State Prisons" collected by Bruce Jackson on an Electra Records recording. Call and response are widely present in parts of the Americas touched by the trans-Atlantic slave trade. The tradition of call and response fosters dialogue and its legacy continues today, as it is an important component of oral traditions. Both African-American women work songs, African American work songs, and the work song, in general, use the call-and-response format often. It can also be found in the music of the Afro-Caribbean populations of Jamaica, Trinidad & Tobago, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, and many nations of the diaspora, especially Brazil. Call and response is extensively used in Cuban music, where it is known as coro-pregón. It derives from African musical elements, both in the secular rumba and in the African religious ceremonies (Santería). South America When enslaved African populations were brought to work in coastal agricultural areas of Peru during colonial times, they brought along their musical traditions. In Peru, those traditions mixed with Spanish popular music of the nineteenth century, as well as the indigenous music of Peru, eventually growing into what is commonly known as Afro-Peruvian music. Known as “huachihualo“, and characterized by competitive call-and-response verses, it is the defining trademark of various musical styles in Afro-Peruvian musical culture such as marinera, festejo, landó, tondero, zamacueca, and contrapunto de zapateo In Colombia, the dance and musical form of cumbia originated with the enslaved African population of the coastal region of the country in the late 17th century. The style developed in Colombia from the intermingling of three cultures. From Africa, the drum percussion, foot movements and call-and-response. Its melodies and use of the gaita or caña de millo (cane flute) represents the Native Colombian influence, and the dress represents the Spanish influence. United Kingdom In 1644, lining out – where one person sang a solo (a precentor) and others followed – is outlined by the Westminster Assembly for psalm singing in English churches. It has influenced popular music singing styles. Presentinge line was characterized a slow, drawn-out heterophonic and often profusely ornamented melody, while a clerk or precentor (song leader) chanted the text line by line before it was sung by the congregation. Scottish Gaelic psalm-singing by prepresentinge line was the earliest form of congregational singing adopted by Africans in America. Call and response is also a common structure of songs and carols originating in the Middle Ages, for example "All in the Morning" and "Down in yon Forest", both traditional Derbyshire carols. Classical music In Western classical music, call and response is known as antiphony. The New Grove Dictionary defines antiphony as "music in which an ensemble is divided into distinct groups, used in opposition, often spatial, and using contrasts of volume, pitch, timbre, etc." Early examples can be found in the music of Giovanni Gabrieli, one of the renowned practitioners of the Venetian polychoral style: Gabrieli also contributed many instrumental canzonas, composed for contrasting groups of players: Heinrich Schutz was one of the first composers to realise the expressive potential of the polychoral style in his "Little Sacred Concertos". The best known of these works is "Saul, Saul, was verfolgst du mich?", a vivid setting of the narrative of the Conversion of Paul as told in Acts 9 verses 3-4: "And as he journeyed, he came near Damascus: and suddenly there shined round about him a light from heaven. And he fell to the earth, and heard a voice saying unto him, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me?" "The musical phrase on which most of the concerto is built is sounded immediately by a pair of basses": This idea is "then taken up by the alto and tenor, then by the sopranos, and finally by the pair of violins as transition to the explosive tutti": "The syncopated repetitions of the name Saul are strategically planted so that, when the whole ensemble takes them up, they can be augmented into hockets resounding back and forth between the choirs, adding to the impression of an enveloping space And achieving in sound something like the effect of the surrounding light described by the Apostle." In the following century, J.S. Bach featured antiphonal exchanges in his St Matthew Passion and the motets. In his motet Komm, Jesu, komm, Bach uses eight voices deployed as two antiphonal choirs. According to John Eliot Gardiner, in this "intimate and touching" work, Bach “goes many steps beyond the manipulation of spatially separate blocks of sound” and “finds ways of weaving all eight lines into a rich contrapuntal tapestry.” The development of the classical orchestra in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries exploited the dramatic potential of antiphonal exchanges between groups of instruments. An example can be found in the development section of the finale of Mozart’s Symphony No. 41: Even terser are the exchanges between wind and strings in the first movement of Beethoven's 5th Symphony. Here, the development culminates in a "singularly dramatic passage" consisting of a "strange sequence of block harmonies": Twentieth century works that feature antiphonal exchanges include the second movement of Béla Bartók's Music for Strings Percussion and Celesta (1936) and Michael Tippett’s Concerto for Double String Orchestra (1938). One spectacular example from the 1950s is Karlheinz Stockhausen's Gruppen for Three Orchestras (1955–1957), which culminates in a "synchronized build-up of brass 'points' in the three orchestras ... leading to a climax of chord exchanges from orchestra to orchestra". When heard live, this piece creates a genuine sensation of music moving in space. "The combination of the three orchestras leads to great climaxes: long percussion solos, concertante trumpet solos, powerful brass sections, alternating and interpenetrating." Popular music Call and response is common in modern Western popular music. Cross-over rhythm and blues, rock 'n' roll and rock music exhibit call-and-response characteristics, as well. The Who's song "My Generation" is an example: Leader/chorus call and response A single leader makes a musical statement, and then the chorus responds together. American bluesman Muddy Waters utilizes call and response in one of his signature songs, "Mannish Boy" which is almost entirely leader/chorus call and response. Another example is from Chuck Berry's "School Day (Ring Ring Goes the Bell)". A contemporary example is from Carly Rae Jepsen's "Call Me Maybe". This technique is utilized in Jepsen's song several times. While mostly in the chorus, it can also be heard in the breakdown (approximately 2:25) between the vocals ("It's hard to look right") and distorted guitar. Question/answer call and response Part of the band poses a musical "question", or a phrase that feels unfinished, and another part of the band "answers" (finishes) it. In the blues, the B section often has a question-and-answer pattern (dominant-to-tonic). An example of this is the 1960 Christmas song "Must Be Santa": A similar question-and-answer exchange occurs in the 1942 film Casablanca between Sam (Dooley Wilson) and the band in the song "Knock On Wood": See also African-American women work songs Antiphon Countersubject Military cadence Responsory References External links Call and Response in Blues—with references to blues songs and historical evolution. History of Gospel Music—with references to call and response in black gospel music Gospel Music History—Gospel Music Encyclopedia citing the origins of the different types of call and response and different gospel music style Formal sections in music analysis Jazz techniques Jazz terminology Kirtan Musical techniques
```javascript Explicit setting of `this` using `call` and `apply` methods Function constructor vs. function declaration vs. function expression Functions can be declared after use `.bind()` Move cursor at the end of text input ```
Clocks was an American new wave and pop rock band from Wichita, Kansas known for their hit "She Looks a Lot Like You" which peaked at No. 67 on the Billboard Hot 100. and No. 47 on the Mainstream Rock chart. The music video for "She Looks a Lot Like You" received airplay on MTV. Jerry Sumner has stated the band's recording contract came through their management Good Karma Productions. After the band broke up, Jerry Sumner was asked to sing for a band named Dogs?. In 2003, the band reunited to release their second album "The Black Box". However, it would not be commercially released until 2004. In 2012, the band was inducted into the Kansas Music Hall of Fame. Band member Gerald Graves died in 2016. Discography Clocks (1982) (includes "She Looks a Lot Like You", No. 67) The Black Box (2004) References External links Facebook page of Clocks American new wave musical groups American pop rock music groups

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