text stringlengths 1 22.8M |
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Det store løb is a 1952 Danish family film directed by Alice O'Fredericks.
Cast
Poul Reichhardt as Niels Stone
Grethe Holmer as Kirsten Hein
Ib Schønberg as Dr. Hessel
Johannes Meyer - Godsejer Vilhelm Stone
Katy Valentin as Fru Helene Stone
Lisbeth Movin as Gerda Hein
Per Buckhøj as Henrik Hein
Valdemar Skjerning as Sagfører Hemme
William Rosenberg as Claus Hemme
Helga Frier as Baronessen på Stensholt
Peter Malberg as Træneren Nich
Olaf Nordgreen as Hestepasser Kølle
Agnes Rehni as Jomfru Madsen
Else Jarlbak as Stuepige
Lis Weibel as Hjælpepigen Jensine
Vera Tørresø as En pige
Birgitte Bruun as Spejderpige
Knud Schrøder as Kontrolant på travbanen
Henry Nielsen as DSB medarbejder
Ove Sprogøe as Drunk man in bus
External links
1952 films
1950s Danish-language films
Danish black-and-white films
Films directed by Alice O'Fredericks
Films scored by Sven Gyldmark |
```xml
/*
* one or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed
* with this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
*/
import {EventCallback} from 'dmn-js-shared/lib/base/Manager';
import {
append as svgAppend,
attr as svgAttr,
create as svgCreate,
} from 'tiny-svg';
const OFFSET = 4;
function Outline(eventBus: {on: EventCallback}) {
eventBus.on('shape.added', (event) => {
const element = event.element;
const gfx = event.gfx;
const outline = svgCreate('rect');
svgAttr(outline, {
fill: 'none',
class: 'djs-outline',
x: -OFFSET,
y: -OFFSET,
width: element.width + OFFSET * 2,
height: element.height + OFFSET * 2,
});
svgAppend(gfx, outline);
});
}
Outline.$inject = ['eventBus'];
const OutlineModule = {outline: ['type', Outline]};
export {OutlineModule};
``` |
Guido Andreozzi and Marcel Felder were the defending champions, but they chose not to compete.
Fabiano de Paula and Marcelo Demoliner defeated Ricardo Hocevar and Leonardo Kirche 6–3, 6–4 in the final to win the title.
Seeds
Draw
Draw
References
Main Draw
Rio Quente Resorts Tennis Classicandnbsp;- Singlesandnbsp;- Doubles
2013 Doubles
Rio |
Cegeka is a European provider of IT solutions, services and consultancy. The company was founded in 1992 and has data centers in Hasselt, Belgium and Geleen, the Netherlands. Anno 2020 CEO Stijn Bijnens leads the company from its headquarters in Hasselt. In 2020, the group had 5,000 employees and achieved a consolidated turnover of 640 million euros.
History
The Cegeka IT company was created as part of the Kempen Coal Mines (KS) reconversion plan. It was originally a joint venture between CSC, investment company Gimv and the KS. The name Cegeka is derived from the initial letters C, G and K of the founders. In 1992 Cegeka was split up: the computer center continued under the name VCST Computer Services, the software department with about 30 employees was taken over by then IT managers André Knaepen and Herman van Halen and continued under the name Cegeka. In 1996, following a capital increase by VCST Special Products, in which he had acquired the majority, Knaepen gained control of Cegeka and it became a family business.
Cegeka grew strongly through several acquisitions. In 1996, Cegeka took over the company ConnectIT. In 2000, the company, which supplies a lot of software to hospitals through its subsidiary Cegeka HealthCare Systems, already had 220 employees. In 2003, the company was named a Trends Gazelle by the weekly Trends magazine. It had sales of 22 million euros and supplied software to several large companies. In 2004 HostIT joined the Cegeka group and in 2006 followed the important acquisition of Ardatis, a company specializing in IT solutions for the social sector. In the same year, with a turnover of 40 million euros and a staff of 350, it received this award again. At the time, it had just acquired the Antwerp software company Cortex. In 2009, Cegeka became a major player in Wallonia thanks to a participation in NSI.
In 2010, Cegeka received the Ambiorix Prize from entrepreneurial organization VKW Limburg. This is the most important award that companies in the province of Limburg can receive.
In 2015, Cegeka acquired Edan Business Solutions, which specializes in ERP solutions. Cegeka did not remain active only within the Belgian borders. For example, the company acquired Databalk in 2007. This was followed later by, among others, the company Inside in Romania in 2012 and Brain Force Software GmbH and Brain Force S.P.A. in 2014, making Cegeka active in Germany, Italy, the Czech Republic and Slovakia. In 2016, it increased its footprint in Italy, Austria and Germany thanks to the acquisition of Danube IT. In addition, Cegeka and the UZ Leuven established a joint venture with nexuzHealth.
In 2020, Cegeka acquired KPN Consulting from KPN, becoming a major player in the Dutch market.
In December 2020, Cegeka took a majority stake in Bruges-based network specialist Citymesh.
In June 2021, Cegeka acquired digital school platform Smartschool used in many Belgian schools.
In October 2021, Cegeka acquired cybersecurity specialist SecurIT, an IT specialist in identity and access management headquartered in Amsterdam, Netherlands.
In August 2023, it was announced Cegeka had acquired the Buffalo-headquartered digital transformation company, CTG for $107 million.
Awards
Cegeka has won many awards since its inception. An overview:
2022: Stijn Bijnens: IT Person of the Year, an organization of Computable.
2021: Kristel Demotte: Global VP Data Solutions: nominated for ICT Woman of The Year, a DataNews organization.
2021: Cegeka: Finalist Enterprise of the Year, an organization of EY.
2021: nexuzhealth: Fast50 Award, Life Sciences & Health Care sector. Dit is een organisatie van Deloitte.
2020: André Knaepen: ICT Personality of the Year, an organization of DataNews
2020: André Knaepen: IT Lifetime Achievement Award, an organization of Computable.
2020: Cegeka: IT Project of the Year 'Growth Package,' an organization of Computable.
2017: André Knaepen: Winner Herman Dessers Prize, an organization of Voka Chamber of Commerce Limburg.
2010: Cegeka: Laureate Ambiorix Prize, an organization of entrepreneurial organization VKW Limburg.
5G
In February 2020, Cegeka applied for a temporary 5G license. In March 2020, Cegeka was one of five companies to which Belgian telecom regulator BIPT granted a temporary 5G license. With Etropia Investments, the company was considered an outsider to the three major mobile operators Telenet, Proximus and Orange.
In May 2020, Cegeka acquired Walloon telecom operator Gridmax. Cegeka had previously shown interest in the 3.5GHz band and, with the acquisition, gained access to that spectrum band even before traditional telecom operators.
In December 2020, Cegeka took a majority stake in Bruges-based network specialist Citymesh, which in turn received a capital increase. The auction of the 5G spectrum will not take place until the summer of 2022. With the acquisition, Cegeka became the fourth mobile operator of Belgium, albeit only for companies.
See also
Cegeka Arena
References
Belgian companies established in 1992
Information technology companies of Belgium |
Galina Napoleonovna Urbanovich () (September 5, 1917 – May 8, 2011) was a Soviet Olympic gymnast. She won a gold and silver medal at the 1952 Helsinki games. She was seven times all-around gymnastics champion of the USSR. Her achievements earned her the Honoured Master of Sports of the USSR award. She was from a Lithuanian family.
In 2016, she was elected to the International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame.
References
External links
1917 births
2011 deaths
Sportspeople from Baku
People from Baku Governorate
Soviet female artistic gymnasts
Olympic gymnasts for the Soviet Union
Olympic gold medalists for the Soviet Union
Olympic silver medalists for the Soviet Union
Gymnasts at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Honoured Masters of Sport of the USSR
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Olympic medalists in gymnastics
Medalists at the 1952 Summer Olympics
International Jewish Sports Hall of Fame inductees |
Three Faces East may refer to:
Three Faces East (1926 film), a silent film directed by Rupert Julian
Three Faces East (1930 film), a talking picture directed by Roy Del Ruth |
Mónica Brown (born October 24, 1969) is a Peruvian-American academic and author of children's literature. Known for her Lola Levine and Sarai chapter book series, as well as numerous biographies covering such Latin American luminaries as Tito Puente, Celia Cruz, Dolores Huerta, and Cesar Chavez, she writes relatable characters that highlight the nuance and diversity of the Latinx experience and girl empowerment. Her motivation is to show that bicultural children are not made up of cultural fractions but whole people with a rich and vibrant cultural heritage, such as her character the bicultural red-headed Peruvian-Scottish-American Marisol McDonald. Brown is also an English professor at Northern Arizona University.
Early life
Brown was born on October 24, 1969, in Mountain View, California, to Isabel Maria Vexler Valdivieso from Piura, Peru, and Daniel Doronda Brown from San Francisco. Monica is Mestiza and Romanian Jewish on her Mother's side and Hungarian Jewish, Scottish and Italian on her father's side. Brown was raised Catholic and converted to Judaism as an adult. Throughout her childhood, Brown took numerous vacations to visit her mother's family in Peru. Her diverse upbringing influences her work most notably in the character Lola Levine whose Jewish-Peruvian-American ancestry mirrors Brown's.
Career
Brown earned a B.A. in English from the University of California, Santa Barbara, in 1991, an M.A. in English from Boston College in 1994, and a Ph.D. in English from Ohio State University in 1998. She is a tenured professor at Northern Arizona University, where she teaches courses on Chicano, African American, and Multi-ethnic literature. She has been a recipient of a Most Significant Creative or Artistic Achievement Award from Northern Arizona University.
Giving birth to her daughters motivated Brown to begin writing children's books that reflected the significant contributions of the people of the Americas. Brown finds inspiration in her Peruvian and Jewish heritage and a commitment to bring diverse stories to children Brown's books are often published as dual language editions. She has even had one translated into Quechua an indigenous language of the Andes.
Brown published her first children's book, My Name is Celia: the Life of Celia Cruz (Me llamo Celia: la vida de Celia Cruz), published bilingually in English and Spanish in 2004, for which she won the Américas Award for Children's Literature.
In her 2011 book Waiting for the Biblioburro, Brown works to showcase the power of literacy and education by telling the story of a Colombian educator who reaches remote communities in Colombia with a donkey powered library. The book won a Christopher Award in 2012.
Brown's 2012 book Pablo Neruda: Poet of the People won her a second Américas Award for Children's Literature, and in 2015 she won the Judy Goddard Award in Children's Literature. Brown's book Frida Kahlo and her Animalitos was selected by The New York Times as one of the best illustrated books of 2017. In that year, she received a Valle del Sol Award for Latino Excellence In Art, Culture & Literature. Brown has also been a recipient of the Victoria Foundation's Professor Alberto Rios Award and an Outstanding Latino/a in the Literary Arts Award.
In 2018, Brown launched a chapter-book series Sarai, co-authored with child actress and internet sensation Sarai Gonzalez. The series is targeted at children 7-10 and is inspired by events in Sarai's life.
Bibliography
Children's Books
My Name Is Celia: The Life of Celia Cruz / Me llamo Celia: la vida de Celia Cruz. Luna Rising, 2004. ; Américas Award for Children's Literature
My Name Is Gabriela: The Life of Gabriela Mistral / Me llamo Gabriela: La vida de Gabriela Mistral. Luna Rising, 2005. ; Críticas starred review
Butterflies on Carmen Street. Piñata Books, 2007.
My Name Is Gabito: The Life of Gabriel García Márquez / Me llamo Gabito: la vida de Gabriel García Márquez. Cooper Square Publishing, 2007. ISBN 978-0873589086; School Library Journal starred review, Críticas Best Books of 2007, Junior Library Guild Premier Selection
Pelé, King of Soccer / Pelé, el rey del fútbol. HarperCollins, 2008. ; Kirkus starred review
Side by Side: The Story of Dolores Huerta and Cesar Chavez / Lado a lado, La Historia de Dolores Huerta y César Chávez. HarperCollins, 2010. ISBN 978-0061227813; NAACP Image Award Nominee, Smithsonian Institution's Notable Book for Children
Chavela and the Magic Bubble. Clarion Books, 2010. ; Charlotte Zolotow Award – Commended book
Waiting for the Biblioburro. Tricycle Press/Random House, 2011. ; Christopher Award for Literature for Young People, International Latino Book Awards: Best Children's Fiction Picture Book – Bilingual (second place)
Clara and the Curandera / Clara y la curandera. Piñata Books, 2011.
Pablo Neruda, Poet of the People. Henry Holt and Co., 2011. ; Américas Award for Children's Literature, Orbis Pictus Award Honor for Outstanding Nonfiction Honor for Outstanding Nonfiction, Kirkus starred review
Tito Puente, Mambo King / Tito Puente, Rey del Mambo. HarperCollins, 2013. ; American Library Association's Association for Library Service to Children (ALSC) Notable Children's Books, Tejas Star Book Finalist, School Library Journal's “Top 10 Latino-themed Books of 2013, Center for the Study of Multicultural Children’s Literature Best Multicultural Books of 2013
Conoce a Pablo Picasso. Loqueleo, 2014.
Girl Power 5-Minute Stories. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2015.
Maya's Blanket / La Manta de Maya. Children's Book Press/Lee & Low, 2015.
Frida Kahlo and Her Animalitos. NorthSouth Books, 2017. ISBN 978-0735842694; Pura Belpré Honor for Illustration
Meet the Joobles / Iconoce a los Jobbles. Fair Indigo, 2020.
Sharuko: el arqueólogo Peruano / Peruvian Archaeologist. Children's Book Press/Lee & Low, 2020. ; Pura Belpré Honor for Illustration, The Horn Book starred review, School Library Journal starred review, Booklist starred review
Small Room, Big Dreams: The Journey of Julián and Joaquin Castro. Quill Tree Books, 2021.
She Persisted: Diana Taurasi. Philomel Books, 2022.
Marisol McDonald picture books
Marisol McDonald Doesn't Match / Marisol McDonald no combina. Children's Book Press/Lee & Low, 2011. ; Tejas Star Book Award, American Library Association Notable Book Award, Pura Belpré Honor, International Latino Book Award for Best Bilingual Book, Maryland Black-Eyed Susan Book Award Nominee (picture book), Kirkus starred review, Junior Library Guild Premier Selection
Marisol McDonald and the Clash Bash / Marisol McDonald y la fiesta sin igual. Children's Book Press/Lee & Low, 2013. ; Tejas Star Book Award, International Latino Book Awards: Best Children’s Fiction Book, School Library Journal’s “Top 10 Latino-themed Books of 2013"
Marisol McDonald and the Monster / Marisol McDonald y El Monstruo. Children's Book Press/Lee & Low, 2016.
Lola Levine series
Lola Levine Is Not Mean! Little, Brown Books for Young Readers, 2015.
Lola Levine Drama Queen. Little, Brown Books for Young Readers, 2015.
Lola Levine and the Ballet Scheme. Little, Brown Books for Young Readers, 2016.
Lola Levine meets Jelly and Bean. Little, Brown Books for Young Readers, 2017.
Lola Levine and the Vacation Dream. Brown Books for Young Readers, 2017.
Lola Levine and the Halloween Scream. Brown Books for Young Readers, 2017.
Sarai series, with Sarai Gonzalez
Sarai and the Meaning of Awesome. Scholastic, 2018.
Sarai in the Spotlight. Scholastic, 2018.
Sarai Saves the Music. Scholastic, 2019.
Sarai and the Around the World Fair. Scholastic, 2019.
Academic Book
Gang Nation: Delinquent Citizens in Puerto Rican, Chicano and Chicana Narratives. University of Minnesota Press, 2002.
See also
Peruvian Americans
List of Peruvian women writers
References
External links
Official website
Monica Brown on Where Text Meets Art: Reflections on the Author Illustrator Relationship, Cynsations, March 3, 2013
Meet Monica Brown, Reading Rockets, August 30, 2016
Picture Perfect How Diverse is your Classroom Library?, Teaching Tolerance, Issue 46, Spring 2014
1969 births
Living people
Peruvian Jews
American Jews
American children's writers
American people of Peruvian descent
Morrissey College of Arts & Sciences alumni
Northern Arizona University faculty
Ohio State University Graduate School alumni
University of California, Santa Barbara alumni |
Mylothris mortoni is a butterfly in the family Pieridae. It is found in Ethiopia.
Subspecies
Mylothris mortoni mortoni (northern and eastern Ethiopia)
Mylothris mortoni balkis Ungemach, 1932 (western Ethiopia)
References
Butterflies described in 1912
Pierini
Endemic fauna of Ethiopia
Butterflies of Africa |
```java
/*
* contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file distributed with
* this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.rule;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.config.rule.RuleConfiguration;
import org.apache.shardingsphere.infra.rule.attribute.RuleAttributes;
/**
* ShardingSphere rule.
*/
public interface ShardingSphereRule {
/**
* Get rule configuration.
*
* @return rule configuration
*/
RuleConfiguration getConfiguration();
/**
* Get rule attributes.
*
* @return rule attributes
*/
default RuleAttributes getAttributes() {
return new RuleAttributes();
}
}
``` |
Juraj Skákala (born 4 December 1995) is a Slovak male wildwater and slalom canoeist who competes in C2 together with Matúš Gewissler.
In canoe slalom he competed at the junior and under-23 level in the C2 class from 2011 to 2018, when the discipline was discontinued.
He was 6th in the C2 sprint senior final at the 2019 Wildwater Canoeing World Championships.
Achievements
References
External links
1995 births
Living people
Slovak male canoeists
Place of birth missing (living people) |
Ulisses Alexandre Garcia Lopes (born 11 January 1996) is a professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Swiss Super League club Young Boys. Born in Portugal, he represents the Switzerland national team.
Club career
Early career
Garcia is a youth exponent from Grasshopper Club Zürich. He made his Swiss Super League debut at 18 May 2014 against FC Sion. He played the full game, which ended in a 3–1 defeat in Sion.
Werder Bremen
On 26 May 2015, Werder Bremen announced their signing of Garcia. Garcia joined the Bundesliga club on a three-year contract. With Santiago García recovering from a long-standing injury, Ulisses Garcia went into the season as first-choice left back ahead of Janek Sternberg. Upon Santiago García's return, Ulisses Garcia was mostly deployed in left midfield.
Young Boys
In June 2018, Garcia joined Swiss Super League side BSC Young Boys on a four-year contract. The transfer fee paid to Werder Bremen was reported as €800,000.
International career
Born in Portugal to parents of Cape Verdean descent and raised in Switzerland, Garcia is eligible for all three countries. However, he has appeared exclusively for Switzerland in youth international, with seven appearances for the Swiss U19s, 17 with the U21 team.
He was first called up to the Switzerland national football team in June 2017 for games against Belarus and Faroe Islands, but did not play. He made his debut on 1 September 2021 in a friendly against Greece, a 2–1 home victory. He substituted Silvan Widmer at half-time.
Career statistics
Club
Honours
Young Boys
Swiss Super League: 2018–19, 2019–20, 2020–21, 2022–23
Swiss Cup: 2019–20, 2022–23
Individual
Swiss Super League Top assists provider: 2022–23
Swiss Super League Team of the Year: 2018–19, 2020–21, 2021–22
References
External links
1996 births
Living people
Footballers from Almada
Men's association football fullbacks
Swiss men's footballers
Switzerland men's youth international footballers
Switzerland men's under-21 international footballers
Switzerland men's international footballers
Portuguese men's footballers
Swiss people of Cape Verdean descent
Portuguese people of Cape Verdean descent
Swiss Super League players
Bundesliga players
2. Bundesliga players
3. Liga players
Grasshopper Club Zürich players
SV Werder Bremen players
SV Werder Bremen II players
1. FC Nürnberg players
BSC Young Boys players
Swiss expatriate men's footballers
Swiss expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany |
The Victoria Falls Solar Power Station is a 100 megawatts solar power plant under construction in Zimbabwe. The project is under development by Kibo Energy, an independent power producer (IPP), based in Dublin, Ireland. The project was originally owned by Broomfield International, another IPP, who began its development. In March 2022, Kibo Energy acquired the assets and liabilities of Victoria Falls Solar Power Station, for consideration of ₤10 million (US$13 million). The power station is being developed in phases of 25 MW each. The first 5 megawatts of the first phase is expected online in April 2022. A ten-year power purchase agreement has been signed between the owner/developer and the off-taker, Zimbabwe Electricity Supply Authority (ZESA).
Location
The power station is located in the city of Victoria Falls, in Hwange District in Matabeleland North Province. This location is adjacent to the Victoria Water Falls, approximately west of Harare, the capital and largest city in of Zimbabwe.
Overview
Broomfield International was awarded the concession to build this 100 megawatt solar firm. They obtained all the licenses and authorizations, including a PPA with ZESA. In March 2022, with 5 megawatts installed, Broomfield sold their interests in this power station to Kibo Energy, based in Ireland or a consideration of ₤10 million (US$13 million) .
The power station will be built in four phases, with capacity of 25 MW, each. The first 5 megawatts of the first phase are expected to come online in April 2022, with the remaining 20 megawatts expected in December 2022. The next phases are expected to be built in subsequent years.
The power station's output is expected to be sold directly to the Zimbabwe Electricity Transmission and Distribution Company (ZETDC) for integration into the national grid, under a long-term PPA.
Other considerations
Victoria Falls Solar Power Station is located within of the Hwange–Victoria Falls High Voltage Power Line. The energy from this solar farm will be directed to that power line, where it will enter the Zimbabwean national electricity grid.
See also
List of power stations in Zimbabwe
References
External links
Game Changer For Victoria Falls Energy Sector As of 17 May 2021.
Solar power stations in Zimbabwe
Hwange District
Matabeleland North Province |
Innerstaden, also called Inner City, is a city district () in Malmö Municipality, Sweden. It was established on 1 July 2013 after the merger of Södra Innerstaden and Västra Innerstaden. It has a population of 67,900.
References
City districts of Malmö |
is a Japanese manga series written and illustrated by Shimimaru. It was serialized in Shueisha's seinen manga magazine Ultra Jump from July 2014 to June 2022, with its chapters collected in nine tankōbon volumes.
Synopsis
Minami Yoshizawa is a female college student who attends an art university. Her room is always filled with friends.
Characters
She belongs to the manga department of an art university as well as the Manga Study Group. After a year of unemployment, she entered university. She has a younger brother. Enjoys drawing manga and illustrations.
Belongs to the design department. She has an older sister and brother.
Belongs to the animation department.
Attends an art university. He is skillful with his hands and is good at sculpting and cooking. Dating Kaminuma.
Junior in the painting department. Attended the same cram school as Yoshizawa. She likes the occult and gets angry when people talk about it half-heartedly.
Junior in the painting department. Has a good knowledge of biology. She has a brother.
Nishida's junior who belongs to the animation department.
Publication
Written and illustrated by Shimimaru, Dasei 67 Percent was serialized in Shueisha's seinen manga magazine Ultra Jump from July 19, 2014, to June 17, 2022. Shueisha collected its chapters in nine tankōbon volumes, released from August 19, 2015. to August 19, 2022.
Volume list
Reception
The series ranked second in the October 2015 edition of Takarajimasha's Kono Manga ga Sugoi! Web.
References
Further reading
External links
Sex comedy anime and manga
Seinen manga
Shueisha manga
Slice of life anime and manga |
Critical point
References
CRC.a-d
David R. Lide (ed), CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 85th Edition, online version. CRC Press. Boca Raton, Florida, 2003; Section 6, Fluid Properties; Critical Constants. Also agrees with Celsius values from Section 4: Properties of the Elements and Inorganic Compounds, Melting, Boiling, Triple, and Critical Point Temperatures of the Elements
Estimated accuracy for Tc and Pc is indicated by the number of digits. Above 750 K Tc values may be in error by 10 K or more. Vc values are not assumed accurate more than to a few percent. Parentheses indicate extrapolated values. From these sources:
(a) D. Ambrose, Vapor-Liquid Constants of Fluids, in R.M. Stevenson, S. Malanowski, Handbook of the Thermodynamics of Organic Compounds, Elsevier, New York, (1987).
(b) I.G. Dillon, P.A. Nelson, B.S. Swanson, J. Chem. Phys. 44, 4229, (1966).
(c) O. Sifner, J. Klomfar, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 23, 63, (1994).
(d) N.B. Vargaftik, Int. J. Thermophys. 11, 467, (1990).
LNG
J.A. Dean (ed), Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (15th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1999; Section 6; Table 6.5 Critical Properties
KAL
National Physical Laboratory, Kaye and Laby Tables of Physical and Chemical Constants; D. Ambrose, M.B. Ewing, M.L. McGlashan, Critical constants and second virial coefficients of gases (retrieved Dec 2005)
SMI
W.E. Forsythe (ed.), Smithsonian Physical Tables 9th ed., online version (1954; Knovel 2003). Table 259, Critical Temperatures, Pressures, and Densities of Gases
See also
Phase transitions
Units of pressure
Temperature
Properties of chemical elements
Chemical element data pages |
Rhys Thompson (born 19 July 1996) is an English international judoka. He has represented England at the Commonwealth Games and won a bronze medal.
Biography
Thompson is a double British champion, winning the half-heavyweight title at the British Judo Championships in 2018 and 2021. He has twice won medals at the European Open.
In 2022, he was selected for the 2022 Commonwealth Games in Birmingham where he competed in the men's 100 kg, winning the bronze medal. At the 2022 British National Championships he successfully defended his -100kg title.
References
External links
1996 births
Living people
English male judoka
British male judoka
Judoka at the 2022 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games competitors for England
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for England
Commonwealth Games medallists in judo
Medallists at the 2022 Commonwealth Games |
Marine currents can carry large amounts of water, largely driven by the tides, which are a consequence of the gravitational effects of the planetary motion of the Earth, the Moon and the Sun. Augmented flow velocities can be found where the underwater topography in straits between islands and the mainland or in shallows around headlands plays a major role in enhancing the flow velocities, resulting in appreciable kinetic energy. The Sun acts as the primary driving force, causing winds and temperature differences. Because there are only small fluctuations in current speed and stream location with minimal changes in direction, ocean currents may be suitable locations for deploying energy extraction devices such as turbines. Other effects such as regional differences in temperature and salinity and the Coriolis effect due to the rotation of the earth are also major influences. The kinetic energy of marine currents can be converted in much the same way that a wind turbine extracts energy from the wind, using various types of open-flow rotors.
Energy potential
The total worldwide power in ocean currents has been estimated to be about 5,000 GW, with power densities of up to 15 kW/m2. The relatively constant extractable energy density near the surface of the Florida Straits Current is about 1 kW/m2 of flow area. It has been estimated that capturing just 1/1,000th of the available energy from the Gulf Stream, which has 21,000 times more energy than Niagara Falls in a flow of water that is 50 times the total flow of all the world's freshwater rivers, would supply Florida with 35% of its electrical needs. The image to the right illustrates the high density of flow along the coast, note the high velocity white northward flow, perfect for extraction of ocean current energy. Countries that are interested in and pursuing the application of ocean current energy technologies include the European Union, Japan, the United States, and China.
The potential of electric power generation from marine tidal currents is enormous. There are several factors that make electricity generation from marine currents very appealing when compared to other renewables:
The high load factors resulting from the fluid properties. The predictability of the resource, so that, unlike most of other renewables, the future availability of energy can be known and planned for.
The potentially large resource that can be exploited with little environmental impact, thereby offering one of the least damaging methods for large-scale electricity generation.
The feasibility of marine-current power installations to provide also base grid power, especially if two or more separate arrays with offset peak-flow periods are interconnected.
Technologies for marine-current-power generation
There are several types of open-flow devices that can be used in marine-current-power applications; many of them are modern descendants of the water wheel or similar. However, the more technically sophisticated designs, derived from wind-power rotors, are the most likely to achieve enough cost-effectiveness and reliability to be practical in a massive marine-current-power future scenario. Even though there is no generally accepted term for these open-flow hydro turbines, some sources refer to them as water-current turbines. There are three main types of water current turbines that might be considered: axial-flow horizontal-axis propellers (with both variable-pitch or fixed-pitch), underwater kites and cross-flow Darrieus rotors.
The rotor types may be combined with any of the three main methods for supporting water-current turbines:
floating moored systems, sea-bed mounted systems, and intermediate systems. Sea-bed-mounted monopile structures constitute the first-generation marine current power systems. They have the advantage of using existing (and reliable) engineering know-how, but they are limited to relatively shallow waters (about depth).
History and application
The possible use of marine currents as an energy resource began to draw attention in the mid-1970s after the first oil crisis. In 1974 several conceptual designs were presented at the MacArthur Workshop on Energy, and in 1976 the British General Electric Co. undertook a partially government-funded study which concluded that marine current power deserved more detailed research. Soon after, the ITD-Group in UK implemented a research program involving a year of performance testing of a 3-m hydroDarrieus rotor deployed at Juba on the White Nile.
The 1980s saw a number of small research projects to evaluate marine current power systems. The main countries where studies were carried out were the UK, Canada, and Japan. In 1992–1993 the Tidal Stream Energy Review identified specific sites in UK waters with suitable current speed to generate up to 58 TWh/year. It confirmed a total marine current power resource capable theoretically of meeting some 19% of the UK electricity demand.
In 1994–1995 the EU-JOULE CENEX project identified over 100 European sites ranging from 2 to 200 km2of sea-bed area, many with power densities above 10 MW/km2.
Both the UK Government and the EU have committed themselves to internationally negotiated agreements designed to combat global warming. In order to comply with such agreements, an increase in large-scale electricity generation from renewable resources will be required. Marine currents have the potential to supply a substantial share of future EU electricity needs. The study of 106 possible sites for tidal turbines in the EU showed a total potential for power generation of about 50 TWh/year. If this resource is to be successfully utilized, the technology required could form the basis of a major new industry to produce clean power for the 21st century.
Contemporary applications of these technologies can be found here: List of tidal power stations. Since the effects of tides on ocean currents are so large, and their flow patterns are quite reliable, many ocean current energy extraction plants are placed in areas of high tidal flow rates.
Research on marine current power is conducted at, among others, Uppsala University in Sweden, where a test unit with a straight-bladed Darrieus type turbine has been constructed and placed in the Dal river in Sweden.
Environmental effects
Ocean currents are instrumental in determining the climate in many regions around the world. While little is known about the effects of removing ocean current energy, the impacts of removing current energy on the farfield environment may be a significant environmental concern. The typical turbine issues with blade strike, entanglement of marine organisms, and acoustic effects still exists; however, these may be magnified due to the presence of more diverse populations of marine organisms using ocean currents for migration purposes. Locations can be further offshore and therefore require longer power cables that could affect the marine environment with electromagnetic output.
The Tethys database provides access to scientific literature and general information on the potential environmental effects of ocean current energy.
See also
References
Marine energy
Ocean currents |
Philip Jeays (born Philip Harris on 24 June 1962) is an English singer-songwriter. He writes and performs songs in a style close to the tradition of French chanson but in the English language. His main influences are Belgian singer-songwriter Jacques Brel and English singer-songwriter and poet Jake Thackray. Writer Dave Thompson described him as "one of the most extraordinary singer/songwriters in recent British memory".
Musical beginnings
After growing up in Somerset, East Sussex and London, he took an art foundation course and moved to the south of France for six months to paint. There he was introduced to the songs of Jacques Brel which inspired him to start writing songs himself. Back in England, he was taught to sing by his mother, who had trained as an opera singer at the Royal Academy of Music, started playing a guitar and then changed his name to Philip Jeays, after his maternal great-great-grandfather.
Early performances
His first performance in 1985 at Hampton Wick Folk Club was well received. Due to nerves he did not perform again until 1989 when he took part in an acoustic and poetry club night in Clapham, London.
He releases his first recordings on cassette in 1990 and starts performing with guitarist Max Warner. This set up allowed him to 'perform' the songs more without the restraints of a holding a guitar. After a near fatal car crash in 1992, he recovered and continued to perform around various small clubs in London.
The band
In 1995, he teamed up with guitarist and bass player William George Q and pianist David Harrod. The trio first performed at the Vortex Jazz Club in Stoke Newington and then at various London venues. He was spotted by singer-songwriter Tom Robinson who offered him a support slot at the Borderline in June 1996. Over the next few years he performed at the Edinburgh Festival (winning a 'Spirit of the Fringe' award, and being regarded by the Glasgow Herald as a highlight of the festival), Vancouver International Comedy Festival and also on various radio networks. Guitarist John Peacock replaced William George Q, and the trio was joined by drummer Jezza Campbell. Jeays' 1996 performance at Edinburgh saw him compared to Tom Waits, with The Stage stating that he performed "with wit and flair...songs move from caustic satire to sentimentality, and never hit a false note". He has been compared to Scott Walker and David Bowie.
Recordings
Jeays released his first CD, October, on his own Ditton Pye label. He also contributed to two BBC Radio 4 programmes 'Singing in the Wilderness' (presented by Tom Robinson and 'Chanson' presented by Kit Hesketh-Harvey.
He continued to record and release albums; Cupid Is A Drunkard (2000), The Ballad Of Ruben Garcia (2002), Fame (2003), and Mr Jeays (2005); while performing at various venues around London, Sussex and occasional trips up to Leeds, Hull and Manchester. He usually either performs solo or with a group of musicians from Brighton that include Paul Stapleton, Kerry Stapleton and Simon Goble. In 2019 he released Angelina Supercop, followed by Blossoms and Bicycles in 2021.
Battersea Barge
Since the early 2000s he has staged The Jeays Christmas Extravaganza at the Battersea Barge, London. This has continued to be a popular annual event among Jeays fans and features him performing with David Harrod, Jezza Campbell, John Peacock, William George Q and, more recently, Kerry Stapleton on double bass. The setlist for the Christmas shows is made up of requests from the audience who are given a raffle ticket at the door. Before each song Jeays will pick out and read a raffle ticket number and take a song request from the ticket holder. The show is usually hosted by poet Geoff The Speech Painter, who performs a support slot at the start of the evening. John Peacock has also performed a short set as support.
Besides the Christmas shows, Jeays and the band have also performed album launch shows around the time of each CD release.
Supporting Robin Ince
In 2006, Jeays was invited to perform as part of 'Robin Ince Loves Books' shows at the Bloomsbury Theatre and The Albany in London. He performed as support on Robin Ince's 'Bleeding Heart Liberal' tour of the UK in 2009 and also on Robin's Nine Lessons and Carols for Godless People shows at the Bloomsbury Theatre and Hammersmith Apollo. Jeays also performed at Robin Ince and Brian Cox's 'End of the World Show' at the Hammersmith Apollo in December 2012.
Discography
October (1999)
Cupid Is A Drunkard (2000)
The Ballad Of Ruben Garcia (2002)
Fame (2003)
Mr Jeays (2005)
London (2009)
My Own Way (2012)
The Widest Walk (2015)
The Bunjies Test (2014)
Take the Slow Train (2016)
Angeline Supercop (2019)
Blossoms and Bicycles (2021)
References
External links
1962 births
Living people
English male singer-songwriters
English singer-songwriters
People from Taunton
Musicians from London |
Uijeongbu KB Insurance Stars () is a South Korean professional volleyball team. The team was founded in 1976 and became fully professional in 2005. They are based in Uijeongbu and are members of the Korea Volleyball Federation (KOVO). Their home arena is Uijeongbu Gymnasium.
Honours
Korea Volleyball Super League
Runners-up (5): 1985, 1987, 1991, 1995, 2002
V-League
Runners-up: 2021–22
KOVO Cup
Winners: 2012
Runners-up (3): 2007, 2016, 2018
Season-by-season records
Players
2022−23 team
See also
Cheongju KB Stars
External links
Official website
Volleyball clubs established in 1976
Sport in Gyeonggi Province
Volleyball clubs in South Korea
Uijeongbu
1976 establishments in South Korea |
The Whiteshell Laboratories, originally known as the Whiteshell Nuclear Research Establishment (WNRE) was an Atomic Energy of Canada (AECL) laboratory in Manitoba, northeast of Winnipeg. It was originally built as a home for the experimental WR-1 reactor, but over time came to host a variety of experimental systems, including a SLOWPOKE reactor (the SLOWPOKE Demonstration Reactor) and the Underground Research Laboratory to study nuclear waste disposal. Employment peaked in the early 1970s at about 1,300, but during the 1980s the experiments began to wind down, and in 2003 the decision was made to close the site. the site is undergoing decommissioning with a planned completion date in 2024. The decommissioning process for WR-1 involves transporting low-level nuclear waste to another Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL) research site, Chalk River Laboratories in Ottawa for containment, and encasing the reactor in concrete. The details of this process continue to be criticized, evaluated, and revised.
Decommissioning has been delayed due to ongoing regulatory issues and safety concerns. Currently, 233 comments on the draft Environmental Impact (EI) Assessment have been filed by diverse stakeholders, covering concerns about impacts on the Winnipeg River, radiological inventory, grout, and concrete, assessing the potential impact of earthquakes, and the need for guidance from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). In 2018 Sagkeeng First Nation (SFN) filed comments on the draft Environmental Impact Statement expressing concern that CNL failed to meaningfully consult SFN or adequately consider the Reactor-1 decommissioning project’s impacts on Treaty Rights.<Impact Assessment Agency of Canada (n.d.). CNSC Disposition Table of Public and Indigenous Groups’ Comments on the Draft Environmental Impact Statement-WR-1.> SFN also expressed concern that the Canadian Nuclear Safety Committee (CNSC) did not fulfill its obligation to the Canadian public to include them in the consultation process or adequately inform the public of the difficulties regarding the long-term management of radioactive wastes. In April 2023, decommissioning stopped completely due to deficient emergency preparedness procedures. Before the WR-1 decommissioning project can resume it must pass a multiphase restart program determined by the CNSC.<Searle, Tyler (2023, August 4). Decommission work halted at old nuclear facility in Whiteshell. Winnipeg Free Press>
History
In the late 1950s, Atomic Energy Canada Limited (AECL) was planning an aggressive expansion of their experimental reactor designs. Among a number of proposals were versions of the heavy water reactor concept using alternate cooling arrangements including oil and boiling water. Their existing research site at the Chalk River Laboratories outside Ottawa appeared to be "at saturation" and too small to host all the planned experiments.
Considering their options, it was noted that only three provinces did not already host some sort of major federal lab, Newfoundland, Alberta and Manitoba. Newfoundland was eliminated, and Alberta already had an oil and gas industry and did not need more energy experiments. So, the decision was made to build in Manitoba. A preliminary site survey was carried out by Shawinigan Engineering (later part of Lavalin, today part of SNC-Lavalin). This was followed by meetings between AECL president J.L. Gray and Manitoba premier Dufferin Roblin.
In November 1959, Gray reported to the AECL board that a site on the Winnipeg River near the Seven Sisters Generating Station appeared to be suitable, along with a report from the federal government's housing agency that a new town site could be developed nearby. As the town was on the border of the Whiteshell Provincial Park, they named the lab Whiteshell. Manitoba was responsible for building a new bridge over the Winnipeg River and maintaining roads and other services. The town was developed as Pinawa, some distance to the southeast of the lab site.
A deal was signed on 21 July 1960, creating the Whiteshell Nuclear Research Establishment (WNRE). The site was selected to host the Organic-Cooled Deuterium-Reactor Experiment (OCDRE), which later became known as WR-1. The design needed to be ready for construction to start in April 1962. General Electric Canada built the reactor over a period of three years ending in June 1965, and the reactor achieved criticality on 1 November 1965. The idea of an oil-cooled version of the CANDU was eventually abandoned in 1972, and from then on the WR-1 was operated at low power settings in a purely experimental program.
Whiteshell led the development of the SLOWPOKE reactor, starting in 1967. However, the first example, SLOWPOKE-1, was built at Chalk River and reached criticality in 1970. Over the next decade, several SLOWPOKE-2 reactors were sold around the world. A larger version, SLOWPOKE-3, was designed to supply 10,000 kW of hot water for district heating. The SLOWPOKE Demonstration Reactor (SDR) was built at Whiteshell in the 1980s to test this concept. The project was terminated after market interest in a nuclear heating system dwindled, and the SDR reactor at Whiteshell remained the only SLOWPOKE-3 reactor ever built. The construction of SDR at Whiteshell began 1985 and the reactor started operation 1987 and was shut down 1989 and was decommissioned. Other major facilities included shielded hot cell facilities, research laboratories and radioactive waste management areas including the Whiteshell Used Fuel Storage Facility.
In 1974, AECL began an extensive program in nuclear waste disposal. Their general program would involve burial to shield the fuel for about three hundred years while the majority of the gamma ray sources burned out, followed by a much longer period of physical isolation, not necessarily underground, to ensure the remaining radionuclides did not enter the water supply. AECL eventually decided the entire waste storage period should be underground. They found a suitable test site in Canadian Shield rock about 16 km northwest of the main Whiteshell site. This led to the construction of the Underground Research Laboratory (URL) whose primary concern was measuring the stability of hard-rock burial and potential groundwater exchange. The facility was decommissioned and deliberately flooded in 2010 to perform one final experiment to examine how mine seals work in a water environment.
Other programs on the main site included the Containment Test Facility (CTF) that examined potential hydrogen explosion sources in the CANDU reactors, and the Large-Scale Vented Combustion Test Facility (LSVCTF) that examined the actual explosions. Work at these sites concluded that by following some basic precautions the possibility of such an explosion in a CANDU was remote, and was used to test the Passive Autocatalytic Recombiners (PAR) system developed to scavage trace amounts of hydrogen that might be present. The PAR would go on to be a successful export product for AECL.
Starting in 1984, Whiteshell began a collaboration with Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) to develop a nuclear battery for powering the North Warning System radars. This developed into an active generator using an Organic Rankine cycle generator.
Whiteshell ran a number of life sciences programs over the years. In 1966, two 19 m diameter plastic-lined "ponds" were built, one of which held a cesium-137 source. The ten-year program measured the spread of the caesium in the water, and by comparing the two ponds, its effect on the life forms in them. In 1973 they constructed the Field Irradiator Gamma (FIG) experiment, which fenced off a 1 km area of forest and exposed it to a powerful cesium-137 gamma radiation source in a central tower. The program ran until 1986, and concluded that it required 100,000 times the natural background to kill pine trees. A similar experiment started the next year in 1974, the ZEUS (Zoological Environment Under Stress) experiment, which set aside six 1-hectare meadow areas in 1974 and carried out long-term radioactive releases to measure the results. They were mostly interested in the effects on meadow voles, but did not reach any conclusions.
In 1998, AECL decided to close Whiteshell Laboratories and many of the facilities and activities have since ceased active operation. , many of the original facilities are shut down, but work on WR-1 is ongoing. The site is planned to be entirely decommissioned by 2024.
Decommissioning Process
Whiteshell Laboratories is currently operated under a decommissioning license issued by the Canadian Nuclear Safety Committee (CNSC) on January 1, 2020. This license expires December 31, 2024. The reactor site is in a “storage-with-surveillance” phase during its ongoing decommissioning process.<Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (n.d.) WR-1 Decommissioning> Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (CNL) has proposed an in situ decommissioning plan, meaning the reactor will be left in place. This method aligns with the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA) safety regulations for in-situ decommissioning. The IAEA does not identify all nuclear facilities to be eligible for in-situ decommissioning. Some factors that make WR-1 eligible for this process include its location underground, the fact that it does not contain large quantities of long-lived isotopes, and that it can easily be monitored during the post-closure control period.
All radioactive liquids and fuels will be removed and transported to Chalk River Laboratories in Ottawa. The contaminated lower structure of the reactor will be encapsulated. This involves sealing the structure with grout and encasing it in concrete in order to contain any remaining radioactive material for a regulated period of control under CNL. All above ground structures will be removed, and a specialized cover will be installed over the sealed lower structure. In addition to these measures, several wells will be dug at strategic locations around the reactor site in order to monitor groundwater conditions.<Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (n.d.) Regulatory review status for the decommissioning of the Whiteshell Reactor #1>
Environmental Assessment
The Canadian Nuclear Safety Committee (CNSC) is legally obligated by the Impact Assessment Act (IAA) to review all proposed nuclear projects in Canada and carefully assess their potential impacts on nearby communities and the environment. The IAA requires the consideration of economic, social, health, and environmental impacts—both positive and negative of the project on question.<Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (n.d.) Regulatory review status for the decommissioning of the Whiteshell Reactor #1> The WR-1 decommissioning project also requires collaboration with the CNSC under the Nuclear Safety and Control Act (NSCA).<Government of Canada Justice Laws Website (1997). Nuclear Safety and Control Act (S.C. 1997, c.9).> While the Impact Assessment Agency of Canada requires Indigenous engagement in the early planning of the project, it is understood that the role of the CNSC is to provide technical knowledge to all parties involved. Impact Assessments (IA) are conducted under the authority of the Impact Assessment Agency, while Environmental Assessments (EA) in this case fall under the responsibility of the CNSC.<Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (n.d.) Regulatory review status for the decommissioning of the Whiteshell Reactor #1.>
The scope of assessment of an IA is broader, encompassing several facets of sustainability; health, gender, impacts on Indigenous rights, socioeconomic impacts, and environmental impacts. The scope of an EA is much narrower, only focusing on environmental factors. In order to clarify the collaborative responsibilities of the CNSC, a Memorandum of Understanding was created with the Impact Assessment Agency of Canada. In eight annexes it defines the responsibilities of both the CNSC and the IAA to be information sharing and notification, public participation and engagement, appointment of rosters and review panels, and Crown consultation.<Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (n.d.) Regulatory review status for the decommissioning of the Whiteshell Reactor #1.>
The EA for the WR-1 project commenced May 16, 2016, and passed a completeness check on January 19, 2023, after CNL and CNSC evaluated comments made on the draft EA and consulting further with First Nations and the Manitoba Metis Federation. The next step of the review process involves technical review by the Federal, Provincial, Indigenous Review Team (FPIRT) that may last up to a year. Following this period, a public hearing will be conducted, and the final draft of the project will be drawn up.<Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (n.d.) WR-1 Decommissioning.>
Indigenous Involvement
The involvement of indigenous communities has been an ongoing challenge throughout the planning and assessment stages of the WR-1 decommissioning project. Indigenous consultation is required under the Impact Assessment Act (IAA) and the CNSC also has obligations to consult.<Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (n.d.) WR-1 Decommissioning> Sagkeeng First Nation (SFN) and the Manitoba Metis Federation (MMF) have filed 29 comments on the draft Environment Assessment (EA) between 2017 and 2018.<Impact Assessment Agency of Canada (n.d.). CNSC Disposition Table of Public and Indigenous Groups’ Comments on the Draft Environmental Impact Statement-WR-1> The main themes of these comments are Public and Aboriginal Consultation, CNSC Impartiality, and Decommissioning Waste Policies.
In January 2015 SFN alerted CNL that they felt it was failing in its obligation to meaningfully include them in the consultation process, ignoring Treaty rights and community interests or concerns.<Impact Assessment Agency of Canada (n.d.). CNSC Disposition Table of Public and Indigenous Groups’ Comments on the Draft Environmental Impact Statement-WR-1> SFN asserted that their right to free, prior, and informed consent demanded a more serious level of commitment from the Crown, citing inadequate funding in order to participate in the EA being conducted. Because of SFN’s proximity to the WR-1 site, their concerns of radioactive waste leaching into their environment remain high. SFN also stated that they were not informed of alternative methods to the in-situ decommissioning proposal and were excluded from the alternatives assessment process.<Impact Assessment Agency of Canada (n.d.). CNSC Disposition Table of Public and Indigenous Groups’ Comments on the Draft Environmental Impact Statement-WR-1> CNL maintains that the proposed in-situ decommissioning method is low-risk compared to alternative methods such as continued storage and surveillance, and complete dismantling of the reactor, stating that risks of in-situ decommissioning are low when compared to the CNSC’s limits.<Impact Assessment Agency of Canada (n.d.). CNSC Disposition Table of Public and Indigenous Groups’ Comments on the Draft Environmental Impact Statement-WR-1>
The WR-1 decommissioning project represents the first instance of permission being granted to dispose of nuclear waste in an irretrievable, permanent manner, and several shareholders including SFN remain concerned about the implications of structural failure resulting in contamination. Several commenters noted CNSC’s obligation to inform and consult not only First Nations, but members of the public as well.<Impact Assessment Agency of Canada (n.d.). CNSC Disposition Table of Public and Indigenous Groups’ Comments on the Draft Environmental Impact Statement-WR-1> In response to these comments, CNL and CNSC reached out to SFN and other First Nations to discuss the potential impacts of the project and potential mitigation efforts. Polling in the Lac du Bonnet area was conducted to assess the sentiments of citizens regarding the proposal.<Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (2017, September 13). Environmental Impact Statement In Situ Decommissioning of WR-1 at the Whiteshell Laboratories Site>
On August 9, 2023, the MMF signed a five-year agreement with CNL to establish cooperation between the two organizations.<Manitoba Metis Federation (2023, August 11). The Manitoba Metis Federation and Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Sign Five-year Contribution Agreement.> The agreement took two years to finalize, and the goal of the agreement is to facilitate a more productive relationship during the ongoing WR-1 decommissioning project, as well as any future nuclear projects. The agreement includes the creation of a liaison position within the MMF, as well as a yearly leadership meeting, and Red River Metis inclusion in an Indigenous Advisory Committee.<Manitoba Metis Federation (2023, August 11). The Manitoba Metis Federation and Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Sign Five-year Contribution Agreement.> A communications protocol has been developed for reportable events, and all communication between parties is to be conveyed in plain language. The MMF will be included in the environmental monitoring of the WR-1 site after decommissioning, facilitated by creation of the MMF-led Harvester Sample Collection Program. This program allows the MMF to steward a key portion of their traditional territory and creates opportunities for citizens to be involved in the WR-1 monitoring process.<Manitoba Metis Federation (2023, August 11). The Manitoba Metis Federation and Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Sign Five-year Contribution Agreement.>
Timeline
Timeline for the facility:
1963 - AECL builds the Whiteshell Laboratories nuclear research facility.
1980 - AECL receives $40-million in funding to construct the Underground Research Laboratory (URL).
1983 - Construction of the URL begins.
1985 - URL opens
1998 - Work begins to decommission the Whiteshell laboratory
2010 - Underground Research Laboratory is officially closed
2015 - The decommissioning of WR-1 is planned to start
• 2016 - Environmental Assessment commences
• 2017-18 - Comment period for draft EA
• 2020 - Whiteshell Laboratories issued new decommissioning license by CNSC
• 2023(January) - EA passes completeness check
• 2023(August) - MMF and CNL sign 5-year agreement
See also
Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
Petkau effect
References
Bibliography
• Manitoba Metis Federation (2023, August 11). The Manitoba Metis Federation and Canadian Nuclear Laboratories Sign Five-year Contribution Agreement. https://www.mmf.mb.ca/news/the-manitoba-metis-federation-and-canadian-nuclear-laboratories-sign-five-year-contribution-agreement
• Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (n.d.) WR-1 Decommissioning. https://www.cnl.ca/environmental-stewardship/wr-1-reactor-decommissioning/
• Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission (n.d.) Regulatory review status for the decommissioning of the Whiteshell Reactor #1. https://nuclearsafety.gc.ca/eng/reactors/research-reactors/other-reactor-facilities/whiteshell-decommissioning.cfm
• Canadian Nuclear Laboratories (2017, September 13). Environmental Impact Statement In Situ Decommissioning of WR-1 at the Whiteshell Laboratories Site. https://www.gov.mb.ca/sd/eal/registries/5895pinawa_nuclear_plant/2A_Main_Body_Environmental_Impact_Statement_In_Situ_Decommissioning_of_WR_1_PART_1_of_2_Main%20Body.pdf
• Impact Assessment Agency of Canada (n.d.). CNSC Disposition Table of Public and Indigenous Groups’ Comments on the Draft Environmental Impact Statement-WR-1. https://registrydocumentsprd.blob.core.windows.net/commentsblob/project-80124/comment-24041/121947E.pdf
• Government of Canada Justice Laws Website (1997). Nuclear Safety and Control Act (S.C. 1997, c.9). https://laws-lois.justice.gc.ca/eng/acts/N-28.3/
• Searle, Tyler (2023, August 4). Decommission work halted at old nuclear facility in Whiteshell. Winnipeg Free Press.
The main Whiteshell site is located here:
The Underground Research Laboratory site is here:
Atomic Energy of Canada Limited
Nuclear research institutes
Research institutes in Manitoba
Eastman Region, Manitoba
Science and technology in Manitoba |
GB 12052-89, entitled Korean character coded character set for information interchange (), is a Korean-language character set standard established by China. It consists of a total of 5,979 characters, and has no relationship nor compatibility with South Korea's KS X 1001 and North Korea's KPS 9566.
Characters
Characters in GB 12052 are arranged in a 94×94 grid (as in ISO/IEC 2022), and the two-byte code point of each character is expressed in the qu-wei form, which specifies a row (qu 区) and the position of the character within the row (cell, wei 位).
The rows (numbered from 1 to 94) contain characters as follows:
01–09: identical to GB 2312, except 03-04 (￥ in GB 2312, ＄ in GB 12052)
16–37: modern hangul syllables and jamo, level 1 (2,017 syllables and 51 jamo)
38–52: modern hangul syllables, level 2 (1,356 characters)
53–72: archaic hangul syllables and jamo (1,683 syllables and 96 jamo), and 94 Chinese characters
The rows 10–15 and 73–94 are unassigned.
Errors
There are some errors in the standard:
41-64: 믃 in the fold-out table, 믌 in the standard proper – should be 믃
46-65: 틘 in the fold-out table, 퇸 in the standard proper – should be 틘
49-37: 뗸 in the fold-out table, 뎬 in the standard proper – should be 뗸
51-82: 윹 in the fold-out table, 율 in the standard proper – should be 윹
53-67: ᄀᆈ in the fold-out table, missing in the standard proper – should be ᄀᆈ
72-88: missing in the fold-out table, 夞 in the standard proper – should be 夞
See also
Languages of China
List of modern Hangul characters in ISO/IEC 2022–compliant national character set standards
References
External links
Encodings of Asian languages
Korean-language computing
12052
Hangul |
Purnawarman Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Purwakarta, Purwakarta Regency, West Java, Indonesia.
It is currently used mostly for football matches and is used as the home venue for Persipo Purwakarta. The stadium holds 10,000 people.
References
Purwakarta Regency
Buildings and structures in West Java
Football venues in Indonesia
Sport in West Java |
Winterhill School is a mixed secondary school located in Kimberworth, Rotherham, South Yorkshire, England. The school was formed in 2004 by the merger of Old Hall Comprehensive School and the nearby Kimberworth Comprehensive School.
It lies on the former site of Old Hall School, at the corner of High Street and Little Common Lane in Kimberworth. The name of the new school was chosen by pupils and is derived from the “Winter Hills”, a range of hills that lie directly behind the school. These "Winter Hills" were the spoil heaps from the coal-mining operations in the area and were effectively removed by landscaping in 1976. The school retains Old Hall's motto, 'Other People Matter'. In September 2017, the City Learning Centre @ Winterhill has been combined with the school and now contains the visitor entrance. It has been renamed "The Network."
The school employs around 150 staff and has an enrolment of 1,200 pupils (despite having the capacity for almost 1,600) and accommodates children from Years 7–11. There is no sixth form, but many leaving pupils go on to complete further education in other institutions, such as Thomas Rotherham College and Rotherham College of Arts and Technology.
Winterhill School has also become an Accredited Test Centre for the European Computer Driving Licence.
Previously a community school and then a foundation school, both administered by Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council, Winterhill School converted to academy status on 1 February 2016. However, the school continues to coordinate with Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council for admissions.
Ofsted inspections
Since being founded in 2004, the school has undergone five full Ofsted inspections:
Headteachers
Bill Bainbridge, September 2004–August 2005 (previously the last headteacher of Old Hall School)
Roger Burman, September 2005–March 2016
Mrs Joanne Cater-Whitham and Mr Stephen Rhodes, April 2016–June 2016 (acting co-headteachers)
Mr Stephen Rhodes, June 2016–present (headteacher)
References
External links
Winterhill School official website
Secondary schools in Rotherham
Academies in Rotherham
Educational institutions established in 2004
2004 establishments in England |
Haobam is a Meitei family name.
Notable people with this surname are:
Haobam Ongbi Ngangbi Devi, Indian classical dancer and musician
Haobam Paban Kumar, Indian filmmaker
Haobam Singh, Indian professional footballer
See also
Meitei surnames |
The Blackheath train accident occurred at 7:03 a.m. on 25 August 2010 when a Metrorail commuter train crashed into a minibus taxi on the Buttskop Road level crossing in Blackheath, a suburb of Cape Town, South Africa. The minibus was carrying fourteen children to school; nine died on the scene and five were hospitalised. One of the injured children died two days later in the Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital. The minibus driver was also hospitalised; there were no injuries aboard the train.
An initial investigation by the Railway Safety Regulator determined that the lights and booms at the crossing were in full working order. Witnesses stated that the minibus drove around a queue of stopped cars and past the closed half-booms blocking the crossing. The driver, Jacob Humphreys, was arrested upon being released from hospital and charged with ten counts of culpable homicide; he was initially held in custody but was later released on bail. On 12 December 2011 he was convicted in the Western Cape High Court on ten counts of murder and four counts of attempted murder and on 28 February 2012 he was sentenced to an effective twenty years in prison. On 22 March 2013 the Supreme Court of Appeal reduced the conviction to culpable homicide and the sentence to an effective eight years' imprisonment.
See also
2010 in rail transport
2010 in South Africa
Rail transport in South Africa
List of level crossing accidents
List of rail accidents (2010-present)
Gilchrest Road, New York crossing accident, 1972 accident involving U.S. school bus driver who also tried to beat a train at a crossing, killing five students
References
Railway accidents in 2010
2010 road incidents
Level crossing incidents in South Africa
Road incidents in South Africa
2010 in South Africa
Transport in Cape Town
August 2010 events in South Africa
2010 disasters in South Africa |
Davis Crossroads is an unincorporated community in Walker County, in the U.S. state of Georgia.
History
The community was named for the Davis family, the original owners of the town site.
References
Unincorporated communities in Walker County, Georgia
Unincorporated communities in Georgia (U.S. state) |
Wolfgang Weyrauch (15 October 1904 – 7 November 1980) was a German writer, journalist, and actor. He wrote under the pseudonym name Joseph Scherer.
Life and work
Wolfgang Weyrauch was born Königsberg, Prussia as the son of a surveyor. After attending gymnasium, and receiving his Abitur, he began going to acting school in Frankfurt am Main in 1924. Between 1925 and 1927, he acted in theaters in Münster, Bochum, and at the Harztheater in Thale. From 1927 to 1929, Weyrauch pursued German history, German studies, and Romance studies at Goethe University Frankfurt.
In 1929, he began working as a freelance writer, from 1929 to 1933, at the Frankfurter Zeitung, from 1932 to 1938, at the Berliner Tageblatt, and, from 1933 to 1934, at the Vossische Zeitung. In the 1930s, Weyrauch also began to write radio plays, a newly emerged art form. During the 1930s, Weyrauch also worked as a literary editor, and published his first books. From 1940 to 1945, he worked in an air intelligence unit in World War II. In 1945, he was held in a Soviet prisoner of war camp, and was released in the same year.
After 1945, Weyrauch wrote radio plays, and narratives, and published numerous anthologies (see list below). From December 1945 to 1948, Weyrauch was the editor of Ulenspiegel, a satirical magazine, and Ost und West, both published in Berlin. He shaped the direction of "Kahlschlagliteratur" in Tausend Gramm, a 1949 anthology edited by him, characterizing and promoting the rebirth of German literature, after the end of the Third Reich. From 1950 to 1958, he was a literary editor at the Hamburg publisher, Rowohlt Verlag. Beginning in 1959, he returned to freelance writing, first in Gauting, near Munich, and in Darmstadt, after 1967.
Weyrauch was a member of the West German P.E.N., and the German Writers' Union. In 1951, he began taking part in Gruppe 47 conferences, and, in 1967, he became a member of the Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung in Darmstadt, where he died.
Awards and honors
In 1997, the city of Darmstadt created the Wolfgang Weyrauch Prize to encourage young writers with an award, and stipend. The stipend is in the amount of €8,000. During his lifetime, Weyrauch himself was awarded several prizes.
1962 Hörspielpreis der Kriegsblinden
1972 Johann Heinrich Merck Ehrung, City of Darmstadt
1973 Andreas Gryphius Prize
1979 Ehrengabe des Kulturkreises im Bundesverband der Deutschen Industrie
Works
General
Der Main, Berlin 1934
Strudel und Quell, Berlin 1938
Ein Band für die Nacht, Leipzig 1939
Eine Inselgeschichte, Berlin 1939
Das Liebespaar, Leipzig 1943
Auf der bewegten Erde, Berlin 1946
Von des Glücks Barmherzigkeit, Berlin 1946
Die Liebenden, Munich 1947
Die Davidsbündler, Hamburg u.a. 1948
Lerche und Sperber, Munich 1948
An die Wand geschrieben, Hamburg 1950
Bitte meiner älteren Tochter, Wien u.a. 1952
Die Feuersbrunst, Karlsruhe 1952
Bericht an die Regierung, Frankfurt a. M. 1953
Die Minute des Negers, Hamburg 1953
Gesang um nicht zu sterben, Hamburg 1956
Nie trifft die Finsternis, Berlin 1956
Anabasis, Hamburg 1959
Mein Schiff, das heißt Taifun, Olten u.a. 1959
Das Jahr (radio drama), München 1961
Die japanischen Fischer, Weinheim 1961
Dialog mit dem Unsichtbaren, Olten u.a. 1962
Das grüne Zelt. Die japanischen Fischer, Stuttgart 1963
Die Spur, Olten u.a. 1963
Dialog über neue deutsche Lyrik, Itzehoe-Vosskate 1965
Komm (radio drama), München 1965
Das erste Haus hieß Frieden, Munich 1966
Etwas geschieht, Olten u.a. 1966
Unterhaltungen von Fußgängern, Munich 1966
Geschichten zum Weiterschreiben, Neuwied u.a. 1969
Flug über Franken und Hessen, Braunschweig 1970
Ein Clown sagt, Weinheim 1971
Wie geht es Ihnen?, Neuwied u.a. 1971
Mit dem Kopf durch die Wand, Darmstadt 1972
Das Ende von Frankfurt am Main, Stuttgart 1973
Gedichte, Darmstadt 1974
Beinahe täglich, Darmstadt u.a. 1975
Lieber T., Düsseldorf 1976
Das Komma danach, Pfaffenweiler 1977
2 Litaneien, Dreieich 1977
Fußgänger, B-Ebene, Hauptwache, Rolltreppe, hinauf, hinab, Frankfurt am Main 1978
Hans Dumm, Köln u.a. 1978
Ein Schluck von Vernunft, Darmstadt 1978
Blickpunkt Darmstadt, Darmstadt 1979
Ein Gedicht, was ist das?, Hannover 1980 (with Fritz Deppert)
Epilog für Darmstadt, Darmstadt 1981
Anders wär's besser, Würzburg 1982
Zeugnisse & Zeugen, Büdingen 1982
Dreimal geköpft, Assenheim 1983
Proust beginnt zu brennen, Frankfurt am Main 1985
Atom und Aloe, Frankfurt 1987
Lebenslauf (radio drama), Dreieich 1988
Das war überall, Darmstadt 1998
Translations
Jehanne Jean Charles: Schrei, wenn du kannst, Bonn 1960 (with Margot Weyrauch)
Edited and published
1940, Berlin 1940
Das Berlin-Buch, Leipzig 1941
Die Pflugschar, Berlin 1947
Lesebuch für Erwachsene, Lorch, Württemberg and others 1948
Tausend Gramm, Hamburg and others 1949
Expeditionen, Munich 1959
Ich lebe in der Bundesrepublik, Munich 1960
Alle diese Straßen, Munich 1965
Lyrik aus dieser Zeit 1965/66, Esslingen 1965 (with Johannes Poethen)
Ausnahmezustand, Munich 1966
Unser ganzes Leben, Munich 1966 (with Geno Hartlaub, Martin Gregor-Dellin, Heinz Piontek, and Heinrich Vormweg)
Federlese, München 1967 (with Benno Reifenberg)
Lyrik aus dieser Zeit 1967/68, Munich and others 1967 (with Johannes Poethen)
11 Autoren über 1 Jahrzehnt, Berlin 1970
Von Darmstadt nach Darmstadt, Darmstadt 1972 (with Fritz Deppert)
Das Kellerbuch, Darmstadt 1973
Neue Expeditionen, Munich 1975
Vom Fischer und seiner Frau, Weinheim 1976 (with Hans-Joachim Gelberg and Willi Glasauer)
Kalenderbuch, Köln 1977
Das Lächeln meines Großvaters und andere Familiengeschichten, Düsseldorf 1978
Aufschlüsse, Modautal-Neunkirchen 1978
Liebeserklärungen, Darmstadt 1978 (with Fritz Deppert)
Liebesgeschichten (radio drama), Gütersloh 1979
Literarischer März, Munich 1979 (with Fritz Deppert and Karl Krolow)
Mein Gedicht ist die Welt, Frankfurt am Main
Vol. 1. 1780 bis 1912, 1982
Vol. 2. 1912 bis 1982, 1982
Sources
Irmela Schneider (Ed.): Zu den Hörspielen Wolfgang Weyrauchs. Siegen 1981.
Ulrike Landzettel: "Mein Gedicht ist mein Messer". Darmstadt 1991.
Ulrike Landzettel: Wolfgang Weyrauch. In: Kritisches Lexikon zur deutschsprachigen Gegenwartsliteratur. Edited by Heinz Ludwig Arnold. 56. Nachlieferung. text + kritik, Munich 1997.
Ulrike Landzettel: Identifikationen eines Eckenstehers. Der Schriftsteller Wolfgang Weyrauch (1904-1980). Dissertation an der Universität Marburg 2003.
Werner Bellmann: Wolfgang Weyrauch: "Uni". In: Deutsche Kurzprosa der Gegenwart. Interpretationen. Edited by W.B. und Christine Hummel. Reclam, Stuttgart 2006. pp. 85–93.
References
External links
1904 births
1980 deaths
German male writers
Writers from Königsberg |
Solomon Meyer (1823 – 25 February 1902) was an English-born Australian politician.
He was born in London, the son of silk manufacturer Jacob Meyer. In 1841 he migrated to Tasmania, where he managed a business, before moving to Sydney around 1845. On 2 July 1844 he married Theophilia Faulder; they had one son. In 1851 he opened the Ophir goldfields' first general store, and he settled at Carcoar. He was an alderman at Goulburn and ran a grocery and ironmongery business. In 1874 he was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Assembly for Carcoar, but he resigned in 1876. Meyer died at Goulburn in 1902.
References
1823 births
1902 deaths
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Assembly
19th-century Australian politicians |
DeSoto Falls is the name of more than one place in the United States of America:
DeSoto Falls (Alabama)
DeSoto Falls (Georgia) |
Philadelphia financier Jay Cooke established the first modern American investment bank during the Civil War era. However, private banks had been providing investment banking functions since the beginning of the 19th century and many of these evolved into investment banks in the post-bellum era. However, the evolution of firms into investment banks did not follow a single trajectory. For example, some currency brokers such as Prime, Ward & King and John E. Thayer and Brother moved from foreign exchange operations to become private banks, taking on some investment bank functions. Other investment banks evolved from mercantile firms such as Thomas Biddle and Co. and Alexander Brothers.
In 1933 the New Deal separated investment from commercial banking through the Glass-Steagall Act. That law was no longer in effect in the late 1990s, opening the way for the power of investment banking to accelerate. Its growth was a response to new demands for investment services, technological changes, deregulation, and globalization. Investment banks were at the heart of the shadow banking system. Investment banking played a major role in the outbreak of the global financial crisis of 2007–9. In the aftermath, leading American investment banks were converted into bank holding companies, and brought under new regulations.
Civil War
During the Civil War, banking houses were syndicated to meet the federal government's need for money to fund its war efforts. Jay Cooke launched the first mass securities selling operation in U.S. history employing thousands of salesmen to float what ultimately amounted to $830 million worth of government bonds to a wide group of investors. Cooke then reached out to the general public, acting as an agent of the Treasury Department, personally led a war bond drive that netted approximately $1.5 billion for Treasury. The second largest offering house was Livermore, Clews founded by Henry Clews.
Post-Civil War era
The market for financial services evolved dramatically in the post-Civil War era. One of the most significant changes was the emergence of "active investment banking" in which investment bankers influenced the management of client companies through sitting on the finance committees and even directly on the board of directors of those companies.
Surging demand for capital
Lance Davis has demonstrated that the process of capital formation in the 19th century was markedly different between the British capital market and the American capital market. British industrialists were readily able to satisfy their need for capital by tapping a vast source of international capital through British banks such as Westminster's, Lloyds and Barclays. In contrast, the dramatic growth of the United States created capital requirements that far outstripped the limited capital resources of American banks. Investment banking in the United States emerged to serve the expansion of railroads, mining companies, and heavy industry. Unlike commercial banks, investment banks were not authorized to issue notes or accept deposits. Instead, they served as brokers or intermediaries, bringing together investors with capital and the firms that needed that capital.
Late 19th century
From the Panic of 1873 until the first decade of the 20th century, the private investment banking industry was dominated by two distinct groups: the German-Jewish immigrant bankers and the so-called "Yankee houses". Despite this ostensible ethnic difference, the two groups shared a similar economic structure. With one exception, the Yankee houses had ties with expatriate Americans who had become merchant bankers in London. Similarly, almost all of the German-Jewish houses had ties with German-Jewish merchant bankers in London. The one exception was Kuhn, Loeb which was tied to European sources of capital through the German investment banking community.
Jewish investment banks
Jewish banking houses were instrumental to the process of capital formation in the United States in the late 19th and early 20th century.
Modern banking in Europe and the United States was influenced by Jewish financiers, such as the Rothschild and Warburg families, and Jews were major contributors to the establishment of important investment banks on Wall Street.
In the middle of the 19th century, a number of German Jews founded investment banking firms which later became mainstays of the industry. Most prominent Jewish banks in the United States were investment banks, rather than commercial banks. Jonathan Knee postulates that Jews were forced to focus on the development of investment banks because they were excluded from the commercial banking sector.
In many cases, the efforts of Jewish immigrants to start banks was enabled due to the substantial support of their Jewish banking connections in Europe.
Several major banks were started following the mid-19th century by Jews, including Goldman Sachs (founded by Samuel Sachs and Marcus Goldman), Kuhn Loeb (Solomon Loeb and Jacob H. Schiff), Lehman Brothers (Henry Lehman), Salomon Brothers, and Bache & Co.(founded by Jules Bache).
The firm of Kuhn, Loeb & Co. played a prominent role in the area of railway finance.
In the late 1860s, The Seligman family transitioned from merchandising to banking, setting up operations in New York, St. Louis, and Philadelphia as well as Frankfurt, Germany, London and Paris that gave European investors an opportunity to buy American government and railroad bonds. The firm's conservative policies allowed it to ride out the panic of 1873. In the 1880s the firm provided financing for French efforts to build a canal in Panama as well as the subsequent American endeavor. In the 1890s J.& W. Seligman & Co. Inc. underwrote the securities of newly formed trusts, participated in stock and bond issues in the railroad and steel and wire industries, and invested in Russia and Peru, and in American in shipbuilding, bridges, bicycles, mining, and other enterprises. In 1910 William C. Durant of the fledgling General Motors Corporation gave control of his company to the Seligmans and Lee, Higginson & Co. in return for underwriting $15 million worth of corporate notes.
Lehman Brothers entered investment banking in the 1880s, becoming a member of the Coffee Exchange as early as 1883 and finally the New York Stock Exchange in 1887. In 1899, it underwrote its first public offering, the preferred and common stock of the International Steam Pump Company. Despite the offering of International Steam, the firm's real shift from being a commodities house to a house of issue did not begin until 1906. In that year, under Philip Lehman, the firm partnered with Goldman, Sachs & Co., to bring the General Cigar Co. to market, followed closely by Sears, Roebuck and Company. During the following two decades, almost one hundred new issues were underwritten by Lehman, many times in conjunction with Goldman, Sachs. Among these were F.W. Woolworth Company, May Department Stores Company, Gimbel Brothers, Inc., R.H. Macy & Company, The Studebaker Corporation, the B.F. Goodrich Co. and Endicott Johnson Corporation.
In the 1890s, a time of severe depression, Populist politicians decried the influence of a Jewish conspiracy to control the world's gold supply at the expense of honest farmers. . The fiery orator Mary E. Lease denounced President Grover Cleveland "the agent of Jewish bankers and British gold." The Populist movement almost totally collapsed after 1896, and the bitter rhetoric largely disappeared as prosperity returned.
After 1920 many banks which had their roots in the German-Jewish immigrant community began to lose their Jewish character. They no longer filled the ranks of management nor sought their capital needs from within the community. By the 1930s, Jewish presence in the private investment banking had diminished sharply.
Jacob Schiff was perhaps the most influential Jewish banker in the United States at the end of the 19th century. He was president of Kuhn Loeb and financed railroads such as the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Louisville and Nashville Railroad, and he took part in the reorganization of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad in 1896–99, and at various times aided the Westinghouse Electric Company, and the Western Union Telegraph Company.
The "Yankee houses"
The history of the "Yankee houses" can be traced to the decision of Junius Spencer Morgan to become a partner at George Peabody & Company in London. When Peabody retired in 1864, Morgan became the senior partner and the firm was renamed "J.S. Morgan & Company". Junius' son, John Pierpont Morgan entered the business and ultimately became a partner at what was to become Drexel, Morgan & Co., the most important investment bank in American history. By 1900, J.P. Morgan was the most important investment banker in the United States and "the dominant figure in all the Drexel banks." The Morgan interests were involved in many of the largest investment actions of the 1890s-1910s. The Morgan partners used their large social networks to create an ethos of expertise. They worked together to develop access to information and resources outside the firm. They fostered a culture of exclusivity that signaled the firm's very high standing and its ties relative to their competitors or other elite bankers.
Early 20th century
During the period from 1890 to 1925, the investment banking industry was highly concentrated and dominated by an oligopoly that consisted of JP Morgan & Co.; Kuhn, Loeb & Co.; Brown Bros. & Co.; and Kidder, Peabody & Co. There was no legal requirement to separate the operations of commercial and investment banks; as a result deposits from the commercial banking side of the business constituted an in-house supply of capital that could be used to fund the underwriting business of the investment banking side.
The Panic of 1907 and the Pujo Committee
The Panic of 1907 caught Wall Street unaware, with the growing crisis that threatened to bring down important banks. Brunner and Carr argue it was a "perfect storm" that combined information asymmetry, excess complexity of the financial system, a lack of financial shock absorbers, confused leadership, and a lack of capital relative to demand following a period of economic growth. During a period of two weeks in October and November 1907, John Pierpont Morgan acted as a "one-man Federal Reserve Bank," along with James Stillman, president of the National City Bank. They brought together the major players, agreed on a rescue plan, and obtained presidential approval for it, put it in place, And ended the panic. The crisis convinced the political leadership, and the financial leadership, that drastic reforms were necessary. The long-term result was the Federal Reserve System, established in 1913.
In 1913 the Pujo Committee, investigated the relationships in investment banking. Under the leadership of Attorney Samuel Untermyer, the committee decided that a small cabal of financiers had gained consolidated control of numerous industries through the abuse of the public trust in the United States. The chair of the House Committee on Banking and Currency, Representative Arsène Pujo, (D–La. 7th) headed a special committee to investigate a "money trust". The committee issued a scathing report on the banking trade, and found that the officers of J.P. Morgan & Co. also sat on the boards of directors of 112 corporations with a market capitalization of $22.5 billion (the total capitalization of the New York Stock Exchange was then estimated at $26.5 billion). The Pujo Report singled out individual bankers including Paul Warburg, Jacob H. Schiff, Felix M. Warburg, Frank E. Peabody, William Rockefeller and Benjamin Strong, Jr. The report identified over $22 billion in resources and capitalization controlled through 341 directorships held in 112 corporations by members of the empire headed by J.P. Morgan.
New Deal-era reforms
By March 1933, the banking system in the United States had effectively ceased to function. The incoming Roosevelt administration and the incoming Congress took immediate steps to pass legislation to respond to the Great Depression. A major component of Roosevelt's New Deal was reform of the nation's banking system.
Glass-Steagall Act of 1933
The Glass–Steagall Act of 1933 was passed in reaction to the collapse of a large portion of the American commercial banking system in early 1933. One of its provisions introduced the separation of bank types according to their business (commercial and investment banking). In order to comply with the new regulation, most large banks split into separate entities. For example, JP Morgan split into three entities: JP Morgan continued to operate as a commercial bank, Morgan Stanley was formed to operate as an investment bank, and Morgan Grenfell operated as a British merchant bank.
Securities Act of 1933
Congress enacted the Securities Act of 1933 in the aftermath of the stock market crash of 1929 and during the ensuing Great Depression. Legislated pursuant to the interstate commerce clause of the Constitution, it requires that any offer or sale of securities using the means and instrumentalities of interstate commerce be registered pursuant to the 1933 Act, unless an exemption from registration exists under the law.
The 1933 Act was the first major federal legislation to regulate the offer and sale of securities. Prior to the Act, regulation of securities was chiefly governed by state laws, commonly referred to as blue sky laws. When Congress enacted the 1933 Act, it left in place a patchwork of existing state securities laws to supplement federal laws in part because there were questions as to the constitutionality of federal legislation.
Securities Exchange Act of 1934
The Securities Exchange Act of 1934 is a law governing the secondary trading of securities (stocks, bonds, and debentures) in the United States of America. It was a sweeping piece of legislation. The Act and related statutes form the basis of regulation of the financial markets and their participants in the United States. The 1934 Act also established the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), the agency primarily responsible for enforcement of United States federal securities law.
Chandler Act of 1938
One effect of the Bankruptcy Act of 1938 was to drive investment banks out of corporate reorganizations.
Era of the dealmakers
After the reforms of the New Deal era, the major Wall Street investment banks focused on dealmaking, serving as advisers to corporation on mergers and acquisitions as well as public offerings of securities.
However, as of 1984, initial public underwriting offerings did not necessarily focus on institutional investors, and Eric Dobkin of Goldman Sachs is known for shifting the focus from regional stockbrokers selling shares to individual investors. For example, Dobkin participated in the 1986 privatization of British Gas, where his methods were unconventional.
Emergence of boutique investment banking firms
A boutique investment banking firm is a small financial company that only provides specialized services for specific market segments. They may specialize by industry, asset size of the client, type of banking transaction or other factors, which allows them to address a niche market segment better than larger firms can.
Boutique firms have been gaining market share since the mid-1990s by being able to outperform larger banks and with the global financial crisis of 2008, they have continued to play an important role in the investment market. The most well-known boutique investment banks include Centerview Partners, LionTree Advisors and PJT Partners.
Transition from dealmaking to trading
In the 1980s, the emphasis on dealmaking shifted to a new focus on trading, Firms such as Salomon Brothers, Merrill Lynch and Drexel Burnham Lambert became prominent as investment banks earned an increasing amount of their profits from trading for their own account. Advances in computing technology enabled banks to use sophisticated mathematical-models to develop and execute trading strategies. The high frequency and large volume of trades enabled them to generate a profit by taking advantages of small changes in market conditions.
Junk bonds and the leveraged buyout
In the 1980s, Michael Milken, head of the high-yield bond department at Drexel Burnham Lambert, popularized the use of high yield debt (also known as junk bonds) in corporate finance, especially in mergers and acquisitions. This new source of capital sparked an explosion in leveraged buyouts and hostile takeovers.
Repeal of the Glass-Steagall Act
Provisions of the Glass-Steagall Act that prohibit a bank holding company from owning other financial companies were repealed on November 12, 1999, by the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act. This repeal is widely credited with precipitating the 2008 financial crisis.
Vertical integration
In recent years, there has been a move towards vertical integration of debt securitization. Previously, investment banks had assisted lenders in raising more lending funds and having the ability to offer longer term fixed interest rates by converting lenders' outstanding loans into bonds. For example, a mortgage lender would make a house loan, and then use the investment bank to sell bonds to fund the debt, the money from the sale of the bonds can be used to make new loans, while the lender accepts loan payments and passes the payments on to the bondholders. This process is called securitization. However, lenders have begun to securitize loans themselves, especially in the areas of mortgage loans. Because of this, and because of the fear that this will continue, many investment banks have focused on becoming lenders themselves, making loans with the goal of securitizing them. In fact, in the areas of commercial mortgages, many investment banks lend at loss leader interest rates in order to make money securitizing the loans, causing them to be a very popular financing option for commercial property investors and developers. Securitized house loans may have exacerbated the subprime mortgage crisis beginning in 2007, by making risky loans less apparent to investors.
2008 Financial Crisis
The importance of investment banking grew during the late 20th century, because of the growing demand for investment services, technological changes, deregulation, and globalization. Investment banks were at the heart of the shadow banking system. They invented many of the financial products used, often disguising its operation. Investment banking played a major role in the outbreak of the global financial crisis of 2007–9. In the aftermath, leading American investment banks were converted into bank holding companies, and brought under new regulations. One result is the recent rapid growth of alternative financial institutions, especially long-time-horizon institutional investors, sovereign wealth funds, pension funds, and other beneficiary institutions not located in New York or London.
The 2007 credit crisis proved that the business model of the investment bank no longer worked without the regulation imposed on it by Glass-Steagall. Once Robert Rubin, a former co-chairman of Goldman Sachs became part of the Clinton administration and deregulated banks, the previous conservatism of underwriting established companies and seeking long-term gains was replaced by lower standards and short-term profit. Formerly, the guidelines said that in order to take a company public, it had to be in business for a minimum of five years and it had to show profitability for three consecutive years. After deregulation, those standards were gone, but small investors did not grasp the full impact of the change.
Investment banks Bear Stearns, founded in 1923 and Lehman Brothers, over 100 years old, collapsed; Merrill Lynch was acquired by Bank of America, which remained in trouble, as did Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley. The ensuing financial crisis of 2008 saw Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley "abandon their status as investment banks" by converting themselves into "traditional bank holding companies", thereby making themselves eligible to receive billions of dollars each in emergency taxpayer-funded assistance. By making this change, referred to as a technicality, banks would be more tightly regulated. Initially, banks received part of a $700 billion Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) intended to stabilize the economy and thaw the frozen credit markets. Eventually, taxpayer assistance to banks reached nearly $13 trillion, most without much scrutiny, lending did not increase and credit markets remained frozen.
A number of former Goldman-Sachs top executives, such as Henry Paulson and Ed Liddy moved to high-level positions in government and oversaw the controversial taxpayer-funded bank bailout. The TARP Oversight Report released by the Congressional Oversight Panel found, however, that the bailout tended to encourage risky behavior and "corrupt[ed] the fundamental tenets of a market economy".
Under threat of a subpoena by Senator Chuck Grassley, Goldman Sachs revealed that through TARP bailout of AIG, Goldman received $12.9 billion in taxpayer aid (some through AIG), $4.3 billion of which was then paid out to 32 entities, including many overseas banks, hedge funds and pensions. The same year it received $10 billion in aid from the government, it also paid out multimillion-dollar bonuses to 603 employees and hundreds more received million-dollar bonuses. The total paid in bonuses was $4.82 billion.
Morgan Stanley received $10 billion in TARP funds and paid out $4.475 billion in bonuses. Of those, 428 people received more than a million dollars and of those, 189 received more than $2 million.
See also
History of banking
History of banking in the United States
History of private equity and venture capital
History of investment
References
Further reading
Ahamed, Liaquat. Lords of Finance: The bankers who broke the world (2009); Global perspective 1914–1944; Pulitzer Prize
Carosso, Vincent P. Investment banking in America: A history (Harvard Univ Pr, 1970).
Chernow, Ron. The House of Morgan: An American Banking Dynasty and the Rise of Modern Finance (2001)
Ferguson, Niall. The Ascent of Money: A Financial History of the World (2008)
Grossman, Richard S. Unsettled Account: The Evolution of Banking in the Industrialized World Since 1800 (Princeton University Press; 2010) 384 pages. Considers how crises, bailouts, mergers, and regulations have shaped the history of banking in Western Europe, the United States, Canada, Japan, and Australia.
Hammond, Bray, Banks and Politics in America, from the Revolution to the Civil War, Princeton : Princeton University Press, 1957.
Rothbard, Murray N., History of Money and Banking in the United States.Full text (510 pages) in pdf format; Austrian-libertarian perspective
History of banking in the United States
Investment banking
Investment in the United States |
```objective-c
/*
* PROGRAM: Firebird utilities
* MODULE: nbk_proto.h
* DESCRIPTION: nbackup prototypes
*
* The contents of this file are subject to the Initial
* you may not use this file except in compliance with the
* path_to_url
*
* WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*
* The Original Code was created by Alex Peshkov
* for the Firebird Open Source RDBMS project.
*
* and all contributors signed below.
*
* All Rights Reserved.
* Contributor(s): ______________________________________.
*/
#ifndef NBK_PROTO_H
#define NBK_PROTO_H
#include "../common/ThreadData.h"
#include "../common/UtilSvc.h"
void nbackup(Firebird::UtilSvc*);
int NBACKUP_main(Firebird::UtilSvc*);
#endif // NBK_PROTO_H
``` |
Ralph A. Ostling (1927–2009) was a Republican member of the Michigan House of Representatives, representing an area of northern Michigan from 1973 through 1992.
Biography
Ralph A. Ostling was born in 1927 in Roscommon, Michigan to Swedish parents. Ostling graduated from Central Michigan University in 1952 and earned a master's degree from Michigan State University. He served in the United States Navy in 1945 and 1946 and married Thela Dean at the end of 1947. Ostling taught and coached at his alma mater, Gerrish-Higgins High School, for 20 years and was elected Gerrish Township clerk in 1956.
In 1972, Ostling won his first election to the Legislature. While in the House, he served on the Appropriations Committee, rising to serve as Republican vice chairman. Ostling served ten terms, leaving in 1992 to become a lobbyist.
Ostling died in Roscommon on July 29, 2009, aged 82.
Footnotes
1927 births
2009 deaths
Central Michigan University alumni
Michigan State University alumni
Republican Party members of the Michigan House of Representatives
20th-century American politicians |
Jorge Díaz (born 26 November 1985) is a Spanish sports shooter. He competed in the men's 10 metre air rifle event at the 2016 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1985 births
Living people
Spanish male sport shooters
Olympic shooters for Spain
Place of birth missing (living people)
Shooters at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Mediterranean Games silver medalists for Spain
Mediterranean Games medalists in shooting
Competitors at the 2018 Mediterranean Games
European Games competitors for Spain
Shooters at the 2015 European Games
21st-century Spanish people |
Below Zero may refer to:
Below Zero (1930 film), a 1930 Laurel and Hardy film
Below Zero (2011 film), a 2011 film
Below Zero (2021 film), a 2021 film
Below Zero (Robert Rich album)
Below Zero (Waltari album), 2009
Subnautica: Below Zero, a video game and sequel to Subnautica, developed by Unknown Worlds Entertainment
See also
Less than Zero (disambiguation) |
```objective-c
/*
* The copyright in this software is being made available under the 2-clauses
* party and contributor rights, including patent rights, and no such rights
* are granted under this license.
*
* All rights reserved.
*
* Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
* modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
* are met:
* 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
* 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
* notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
* documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
*
* THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS `AS IS'
* AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
* IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
* ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE
* LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR
* CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF
* SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS
* INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN
* CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE)
* ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
* POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
*/
#ifndef OPJ_MCT_H
#define OPJ_MCT_H
/**
@file mct.h
@brief Implementation of a multi-component transforms (MCT)
The functions in MCT.C have for goal to realize reversible and irreversible multicomponent
transform. The functions in MCT.C are used by some function in TCD.C.
*/
/** @defgroup MCT MCT - Implementation of a multi-component transform */
/*@{*/
/** @name Exported functions */
/*@{*/
/* your_sha256_hash------- */
/**
Apply a reversible multi-component transform to an image
@param c0 Samples for red component
@param c1 Samples for green component
@param c2 Samples blue component
@param n Number of samples for each component
*/
void opj_mct_encode(OPJ_INT32* OPJ_RESTRICT c0, OPJ_INT32* OPJ_RESTRICT c1,
OPJ_INT32* OPJ_RESTRICT c2, OPJ_SIZE_T n);
/**
Apply a reversible multi-component inverse transform to an image
@param c0 Samples for luminance component
@param c1 Samples for red chrominance component
@param c2 Samples for blue chrominance component
@param n Number of samples for each component
*/
void opj_mct_decode(OPJ_INT32* OPJ_RESTRICT c0, OPJ_INT32* OPJ_RESTRICT c1,
OPJ_INT32* OPJ_RESTRICT c2, OPJ_SIZE_T n);
/**
Get norm of the basis function used for the reversible multi-component transform
@param compno Number of the component (0->Y, 1->U, 2->V)
@return
*/
OPJ_FLOAT64 opj_mct_getnorm(OPJ_UINT32 compno);
/**
Apply an irreversible multi-component transform to an image
@param c0 Samples for red component
@param c1 Samples for green component
@param c2 Samples blue component
@param n Number of samples for each component
*/
void opj_mct_encode_real(OPJ_INT32* OPJ_RESTRICT c0, OPJ_INT32* OPJ_RESTRICT c1,
OPJ_INT32* OPJ_RESTRICT c2, OPJ_SIZE_T n);
/**
Apply an irreversible multi-component inverse transform to an image
@param c0 Samples for luminance component
@param c1 Samples for red chrominance component
@param c2 Samples for blue chrominance component
@param n Number of samples for each component
*/
void opj_mct_decode_real(OPJ_FLOAT32* OPJ_RESTRICT c0,
OPJ_FLOAT32* OPJ_RESTRICT c1, OPJ_FLOAT32* OPJ_RESTRICT c2, OPJ_SIZE_T n);
/**
Get norm of the basis function used for the irreversible multi-component transform
@param compno Number of the component (0->Y, 1->U, 2->V)
@return
*/
OPJ_FLOAT64 opj_mct_getnorm_real(OPJ_UINT32 compno);
/**
FIXME DOC
@param p_coding_data MCT data
@param n size of components
@param p_data components
@param p_nb_comp nb of components (i.e. size of p_data)
@param is_signed tells if the data is signed
@return OPJ_FALSE if function encounter a problem, OPJ_TRUE otherwise
*/
OPJ_BOOL opj_mct_encode_custom(
OPJ_BYTE * p_coding_data,
OPJ_SIZE_T n,
OPJ_BYTE ** p_data,
OPJ_UINT32 p_nb_comp,
OPJ_UINT32 is_signed);
/**
FIXME DOC
@param pDecodingData MCT data
@param n size of components
@param pData components
@param pNbComp nb of components (i.e. size of p_data)
@param isSigned tells if the data is signed
@return OPJ_FALSE if function encounter a problem, OPJ_TRUE otherwise
*/
OPJ_BOOL opj_mct_decode_custom(
OPJ_BYTE * pDecodingData,
OPJ_SIZE_T n,
OPJ_BYTE ** pData,
OPJ_UINT32 pNbComp,
OPJ_UINT32 isSigned);
/**
FIXME DOC
@param pNorms MCT data
@param p_nb_comps size of components
@param pMatrix components
@return
*/
void opj_calculate_norms(OPJ_FLOAT64 * pNorms,
OPJ_UINT32 p_nb_comps,
OPJ_FLOAT32 * pMatrix);
/**
FIXME DOC
*/
const OPJ_FLOAT64 * opj_mct_get_mct_norms(void);
/**
FIXME DOC
*/
const OPJ_FLOAT64 * opj_mct_get_mct_norms_real(void);
/* your_sha256_hash------- */
/*@}*/
/*@}*/
#endif /* OPJ_MCT_H */
``` |
Max Matern (19 January 1902 – 22 May 1935) was a member of the Communist Party of Germany (KPD) who was convicted of murder and executed for his role in the assassinations of Police Captains Paul Anlauf and Franz Lenck. The murders took place in 1931 at Bülow-Platz in Berlin. Matern was later glorified as a martyr by the KPD and East Germany's Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED).
Early life
Max Matern was born in Berndshof near Ueckermünde and grew up in meager circumstances in Quitzdorf am See in eastern Saxony. He did an apprenticeship as a moulder in Torgelow and in 1925 moved to Berlin owing to the lack of jobs closer to home. There he found work as a member of the KPD's Parteiselbstschutz (Party Self Defense Unit) in which he demonstrated hard-line conviction and loyalty to the party.
According to John Koehler, Like their Nazi counterparts, the Selbstschutz men were thugs who served as bouncers at Party meetings and specialized in cracking heads during street battles with political enemies. Besides the Nazis, their arch foes included the Sozialdemokratische Partei Deutschlands (SPD) -- the Social Democratic Party of Germany -- and radical nationalist parties. They always carried a Stahlrute, two steel springs that telescoped into a tube seven inches long, which when extended became a deadly, fourteen inch weapon. Not to be outdone by the Nazis, these goons often were armed with pistols as well.
The murders
During the last days of the Weimar Republic, the KPD in Berlin had a policy of assassinating a Berlin police officer in retaliation for every KPD member killed by the police. On August 2, 1931, KPD Members of the Reichstag Heinz Neumann and Hans Kippenberger received a dressing down from Walter Ulbricht, the Party's leader in the Berlin-Brandenburg region. Enraged by police interference and by Neumann and Kippenberger's failure to follow the policy, Ulbricht snarled, "At home in Saxony we would have done something about the police a long time ago. Here in Berlin we will not fool around much longer. Soon we will hit the police in the head."
Enraged by Ulrbicht's words, Kippenberger and Neumann decided to assassinate Captain Paul Anlauf, the forty-two-year-old commander of the Seventh Precinct. Captain Anlauf, a widower with three daughters, had been nicknamed Schweinebacke, or "Pig Face" by the KPD. According to John Koehler, Of all the policemen in strife-torn Berlin, the reds hated Anlauf the most. His precinct included the area around KPD headquarters, which made it the most dangerous in the city. The captain almost always led the riot squads that broke up illegal rallies of the Communist Party.
On the morning of Sunday August 9, 1931, Kippenberger and Neumann gave a last briefing to the hit-team in a room at the Lassant beer hall. Erich Mielke and Erich Ziemer were selected as the shooters. During the meeting, Matern gave a Luger pistol to a fellow lookout and said, "Now we're getting serious... We're going to give Schweinebacke something to remember us by."
Kippenberger then asked Mielke and Ziemer, "Are you sure that you are ready to shoot Schweinebacke?" Mielke responded that he had seen Captain Anlauf many times during police searches of Party Headquarters. Kippenberger then instructed them to wait at a nearby beer hall which would permit them to overlook the entire Bülow-Platz. He further reminded them that Captain Anlauf was accompanied everywhere by Senior Sergeant Max Willig, who the KPD had nicknamed, "Hussar."
Kippenberger concluded, "When you spot Schweinebacke and Hussar, you take care of them." After the assassinations were completed, Mielke and Ziemer were informed that a diversion would assist in their escape. They were then to return to their homes and await further instructions.
That evening, Captain Anlauf was lured to Bülow-Platz by a violent rally demanding the dissolution of the Prussian Parliament. According to John Koehler, As was often the case when it came to battling the dominant SPD, the KPD and the Nazis had combined forces during the pre-plebiscite campaign. At one point in this particular campaign, Nazi propaganda chief Joseph Goebbels even shared a speaker's platform with KPD agitator Walter Ulbricht. Both parties wanted the parliament dissolved because they were hoping that new elections would oust the SPD, the sworn enemy of all radicals. That fact explained why the atmosphere was particularly volatile this Sunday.
At eight o'clock that evening, Mielke and Ziemer, spotted Captain Anlauf, Sergeant Willig, and Captain Franz Lenck walking in front of the Babylon Cinema, which was located at the corner of Bülowplatz and Kaiser-Wilhelm-Straße. As they reached the door of the movie house, the policemen heard someone scream, "Schweinebacke!"
As Captain Anlauf turned towards the sound, Mielke and Ziemer opened fire at point blank range. Sergeant Willig was wounded in the left arm and the stomach. However, he managed to draw his Luger and fired a full clip at the assailants. Captain Franz Lenck was shot in the chest and fell dead in front of the entrance. Willig crawled over to Captain Anlauf, who had taken two bullets in the neck. As his life drained away, the Captain gasped, "Wiedersehen... Gruss..." ("So Long... Goodbye...") Meanwhile, Matern, Mielke, Thunert, and Ziemer made their escape.
After it was revealed that Sergeant Willig had survived and could identify the assailants, Mielke and Ziemer were smuggled to the Soviet Union.
Arrest, trial, and execution
In March 1933, lookout Max Thunert was arrested by the Berlin police, he confessed to his involvement in the murders and revealed all he knew. Within days, fifteen suspects, including Matern, were rounded up and imprisoned. On 14 September 1933, Berlin's newspapers announced that all of them had confessed to their roles in the assassinations. Together with two co-defendants, Michael Klause and Friedrich Broede, Max Matern was convicted of murder on 19 June 1934 and sentenced to death. He was guillotined on 22 May 1935.
Aftermath
In East German historical literature, Matern was made into a martyr for the communist cause. Many streets, schools, and establishments were named after him. His life became the stylized career of an exemplary communist, as seen in the propagandistic version of his biography.
Decades later, on 26 October 1993, Erich Mielke (1907–2000), former East German Minister of State Security, was convicted of murdering Captains Anlauf and Lenck in addition to the attempted murder of Sergeant Max Willig. He was sentenced to six years in prison. However, owing to health reasons, he did not serve the full sentence.
References
Further reading
John Koehler, The Stasi: The Untold Story of the East German Secret Police, (1999).
1902 births
1935 deaths
Murders of Paul Anlauf and Franz Lenck
Executed assassins
Moldmakers
Communist assassins
German assassins
Communists executed by Nazi Germany
German Communist Party members
German people convicted of murdering police officers
People convicted of murder by Germany
People executed for murdering police officers
People from Vorpommern-Greifswald
People from Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania executed at Plötzensee Prison
People executed by guillotine at Plötzensee Prison |
V Empire or Dark Faerytales in Phallustein is the first EP by English extreme metal band Cradle of Filth, and the first release following their 1994 debut studio album The Principle of Evil Made Flesh. It was released on 22 April 1996, and was the band's final release for Cacophonous Records.
Recording
V Empire was hastily written and recorded for Cacophonous Records as a contractual obligation before the band jumped ship to Music for Nations. As such, it is the first of two albums released in 1996, the other being Dusk... and Her Embrace. Half of the band was replaced for this recording, with Stuart Anstis replacing guitarists Paul Allender and Paul Ryan and Damien Gregori replacing keyboardist Benjamin Ryan. All the guitars on V Empire were performed by Anstis. The name "Jared Demeter" listed as a second guitarist in the liner notes included in the booklet of the EP is just a made-up name to give the impression that there were two guitarists on the EP. Also, all keyboard duties on V Empire were handled by Keith Appleton. V Empire is the first recording to feature backing vocalist Sarah Jezebel Deva.
Content
V Empire sees a step up in production from the band's debut and introduces the fast, highly technical instrumentation that would be the hallmark of the band's next few releases. It includes a re-recorded version of "The Forest Whispers My Name" from the band's first album, The Principle of Evil Made Flesh.
Title
The Gospel of Filth, a definitive history of the band and its influences, written by Gavin Baddeley and Dani Filth and published in 2010, refers to this record throughout as V Empire. Due to the typographic sizing and spacing of the record's cover art, however, it has been widely read as Vempire in the years since its release. References like AllMusic and Discogs continue to retain the latter spelling, while some recent interviews appear to indicate that the band also pronounce it "Vempire" in conversation.
Track listing
Notes:
"The Forest Whispers My Name" was re-recorded for this disc and is different from its original version on "The Principle of Evil Made Flesh".
"Queen Of Winter, Throned" repeats some elements from "A Dream of Wolves in the Snow".
Personnel
All information from the EP booklet.
Cradle of Filth
Dani Filth – lead vocals, lyrics
Stuart Anstis – guitars
Robin Graves – bass
Damien Gregori – keyboards
Nicholas Barker – drums
Additional musicians
Sarah Jezebel Deva – backing vocals
Danielle Cneajna Cottington – backing vocals
Rachel – backing vocals
Production
Chris Bell – artwork
Nigel Wingrove – art direction
Frater Nihil – photography
Mags – producer
Keith Appleton – engineering
Nilesh – mastering
Eileen – succubi model
Vida – succubi model
Scarlet – succubi model
Luna – succubi model
Gabrielle – succubi model
References
External links
Cradle of Filth albums
1996 EPs
Death metal EPs
Cacophonous Records albums |
Trail of Tears is the fourth studio album from country artist Billy Ray Cyrus. It was released on August 20, 1996, and two singles were released: the title track and "Three Little Words", which respectively peaked at number 69 and number 65 on the country charts. Also included is a cover of Jeannie C. Riley's "Harper Valley PTA".
The album debuted at number 125 on the U.S. Billboard 200, and at number 20 on the U.S. Top Country Albums. The album has sold more than 250,000 copies worldwide. Despite low sales the album was the first to receive widespread critical acclaim from music critics for Cyrus, earning him industry respect from Nashville.
Critical reception
AllMusic's Thom Owens called it Cyrus' "most personal and [most] accomplished album", pointing out the "rootsy production flourishes" that added grit and edge to the overall sound and Cyrus having more conviction in his delivery, concluding that: "In fact, Trail of Tears suggests that he may be able to carve out a successful career for himself, after all." Alanna Nash of Entertainment Weekly called it "a rapidly maturing, bleeding-heart blend of roots rock and country classics wrapped in bare-bones production." She added that "Need a Little Help" and the title track had the potential to turn Cyrus into an "artistic contender".
Track listing
Personnel
Credits adapted from the Trail of Tears media notes.
Sly Dog
Billy Ray Cyrus – lead vocals, background vocals, acoustic guitar
Greg Fletcher – drums
Corky Holbrook – bass guitar
Michael J. Sagraves – dobro, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, steel guitar, harmonica, mandolin, slide guitar
Terry Shelton – drums, 12-string guitar, acoustic guitar, electric guitar, keyboards, percussion
Barton Stevens – keyboards, background vocals
Additional Musicians
Ava Aldridge – background vocals
Jeff E. Cox – bass guitar
Mark Douthit – saxophone
John Griffiths – background vocals
Lee Hendricks – bass guitar
Wanda Vick – fiddle
Don Von Tress – acoustic guitar, electric guitar, bass guitar, mandolin, background vocals
Bob Workman – bass guitar
Production
Billy Ray Cyrus – co-producer
Terry Shelton – co-producer, mixing
John Jaszcz – mixing
Chuck Linder – assistant engineer
Michael Joe Sagraves – assistant engineer
Hank Williams – mastering
Chart performance
Album
Singles
References
1996 albums
Billy Ray Cyrus albums
Mercury Nashville albums |
A drawing-in frame was a piece of equipment used in the cotton industry. It was the drawers-in job to thread each of ends on a new beam through the correct healds, and then though the reed. On a Lancashire loom weaving grey cloth, this was a simple but time-consuming task, but for a complex pattern on a Jacquard tapestry loom, great care was needed. To do this, the new beam was mounted on the back of a drawing-in frame, the healds were held next in a vertical position, and in front the reed would be clamped. This job was done by a reacher-in and a loomer. The reacher-in, who would be young and usually a boy, passed each end in order to the loomer, who threaded it through the healds and the reed.
A 'drawer-in' was sometimes referred to as a beamer. The drawers-in sat between the two beams on low three legged stool, head and shoulders at beam height and so surrounded was humorously given the nickname “Yutick’s nest.”
References
Footnotes
Citations
Bibliography
Cotton industry |
Mount Kazukaitis () is a peak of the Walker Mountains, located at the base of Hughes Peninsula in the western part of Thurston Island, Antarctica. It was delineated from air photos taken by U.S. Navy Operation Highjump in December 1946. It was named by the Advisory Committee on Antarctic Names for Chief Photographer's Mate Frank Kazukaitis of the U.S. Navy who recorded features of the Walgreen Coast and Eights Coast on the U.S. Navy Bellingshausen Sea Expedition in February 1960. He served as photographer on several additional Operation Deep Freeze deployments to Antarctica.
See also
Mountains in Antarctica
Maps
Thurston Island – Jones Mountains. 1:500000 Antarctica Sketch Map. US Geological Survey, 1967.
Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly upgraded and updated.
References
Mountains of Ellsworth Land |
Harry Lewis Elliott (December 30, 1923 – August 9, 2013) was an American professional baseball player who appeared in 92 games in Major League Baseball for the and St. Louis Cardinals. A , outfielder, Elliott threw and batted right-handed.
Early life
Elliott was born in San Francisco, California. As a youth, his family moved to Watertown, Minnesota. He played piano professionally from the age of 15, playing Big Band music until the mid-1990s. Elliott graduated from Watertown High School in 1942. He was a standout athlete, lettering two years each in football, basketball and baseball and earned All-Conference and All-District honors. Elliott then attended the University of Minnesota where he was a member of Phi Sigma Kappa fraternity, earning three varsity letters in both football and baseball. In 1949, he was their first athlete to earn first-team Big Ten honors in the sport of baseball. He then spent a short time teaching in Austin, Minnesota.
Elliott started playing professional baseball at the relatively advanced age of 27 and put up prodigious batting numbers in his early seasons in minor league baseball. He batted .391 with 221 hits for the 1951 Alexandria Aces of the Class D Evangeline League, notched 204 hits one year later in the Double-A Texas League with the Shreveport Sports, and in 1954 batted .350 with 224 hits, 42 doubles, 15 home runs and 110 runs batted in in 168 games for the San Diego Padres of the Open Classification Pacific Coast League. In his seven-year minor league career, Elliott batted .326 lifetime.
Acquired by the Cardinals in December 1952, he was batting .321 for their Houston Buffaloes farm club in 1953 when he was called up for the final two months of the Major League season with the Redbirds. Although he struck out against Brooklyn Dodgers left-hander Preacher Roe in his debut on August 1, Elliott gained a measure of revenge against Roe exactly one month later, with three hits in four at bats, including his first MLB home run.
Elliott spent the entire 1954 season in the Pacific Coast League — then vying for possible Major League status as an "Open" (one level above Triple-A) circuit — and was named a PCL all-star because of his stellar season with San Diego. Reacquired by the Cardinals, he spent the entire 1955 season on their roster, appearing in 29 games in the field and in more than 40 games as a pinch hitter. He had two of his best games against Chicago Cubs southpaw Paul Minner, with three hits on May 30 and two more, including his second and final Major League home run, off Minner on September 19. Elliott was featured on the cover of Sports Illustrated magazine in March 1956.
All told, Elliott collected 45 hits, including ten doubles and one triple in the majors. He retired from professional baseball after the 1958 season.
Retirement
Following his retirement from baseball, Elliott taught physical education at El Cajon Valley High School. Throughout his 27 years of teaching, he also coached baseball, football, basketball and soccer.
Elliott subsequently spent 30 years in retirement in Yuma, Arizona, and frequently traveled in his motor home.
Death
Elliott spent the final days of his life in Lyons, Kansas, with his family by his side. He died on August 9, 2013, at the Sandstone Heights Nursing Home in Little River, Kansas.
References
External links
1923 births
2013 deaths
Alexandria Aces players
Chattanooga Lookouts players
Houston Buffaloes players
Little Rock Travelers players
Major League Baseball outfielders
San Antonio Missions players
San Diego Padres (minor league) players
St. Louis Cardinals players
Shreveport Sports players
Vancouver Mounties players
Baseball players from San Francisco
Minnesota Golden Gophers baseball players
People from Watertown, Minnesota
People from Yuma, Arizona
Minnesota Golden Gophers football players |
Dame Glenys Jean Stacey DBE (née McBride; born 1954) is a solicitor and civil servant serving as chair of the Office for Environmental Protection from February 2021. She was Chief Executive and Chief Regulator of Ofqual, acting in the post from August to December 2020, and previously from 2012 to 2016. Stacey also served as Her Majesty's Chief Inspector of Probation and led HM Inspectorate of Probation for England and Wales from 2016 and 2019.
She has worked in the public sector at senior management level since 2000. Previously she has worked as chief executive of Ofqual, of Standards for England, at Animal Health (now part of the Animal and Plant Health Agency), at the Greater Manchester Magistrates' Courts Committee (now part of HM Courts and Tribunals Service), and at the Criminal Cases Review Commission.
She was appointed Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2016 New Year Honours for services to education.
Stacey returned as Ofqual's chief regulator in an interim capacity on 26 August 2020 following the resignation of Sally Collier in connection with the 2020 UK GCSE and A-Level grading controversy.
References
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
British solicitors
British chief executives
Alumni of the University of Kent
1954 births |
Amway North America (formerly known as Quixtar North America) is an American worldwide multi-level marketing (MLM) company, founded 1959 in Ada, Michigan, United States. It is privately owned by the families of Richard DeVos and Jay Van Andel through Alticor which is the holding company for businesses including Amway, Amway Global, Fulton Innovation, Amway Hotel Corporation, Hatteras Yachts, and manufacturing and logistics company Access Business Group. After the launch of Amway Global (originally operating under the name Quixtar), it replaced the Amway business in the United States, Canada and the Caribbean, with the Amway business continuing to operate in other countries around the world. On May 1, 2009, Quixtar made the name change to Amway Global and fused the various different entities of the parent company.
Amway Global is a member of the Direct Selling Association and the Better Business Bureau.
History
Rich DeVos and Jay Van Andel initially founded the Ja-Ri Corporation, a multi-level marketing distributorship for Nutrilite products, in 1949. Ja-Ri was incorporated in 1959 and changed its name to "Amway" (American Way) in 1963. , Amway operates in more than 100 countries around the world. In 1999, the founders of the Amway corporation launched a sister Internet-based company named Quixtar. The Alticor corporation owns both Amway and Quixtar, plus several other concerns. Quixtar replaced the North American business of Amway in 2001 after the majority of the distributors moved to Quixtar, with Amway operating in the rest of the world.
The move unified the various Amway companies worldwide. "We're now reintroducing our brands in North America, moving away from Quixtar and going back to the Amway name," said Steve Lieberman, managing director of Amway Global. "We decided there were a number of roads we had to go down in order to recreate awareness for a brand that, quite frankly, a lot of people felt had gone away."
Products
Quixtar is the exclusive distributor of Alticor products in the United States and Canada, including Nutrilite dietary supplements, XS Energy Drinks, personal care, home care, air and water purifiers and Artistry cosmetics.
Business model
Quixtar relies primarily on person-to-person referral rather than advertisements for the sale of products; however, Quixtar announced the launch of a multimillion-dollar ad campaign in 2012. A large part of the marketing budget is spent on paying bonuses to distributors. Independent Business Owners (IBOs) were paid more than $370.1 million in bonuses and incentives in the fiscal year 2006. Bonuses are paid for individual sales and sales generated by people one sponsor but not for sponsoring itself.
In 2001, after the majority of Amway IBOs had transferred to the new company, Quixtar completely replaced Amway as the marketing venture for Amway/Alticor products in North American regions. The Quixtar business model differs from the earlier Amway business model in many aspects, such as the way distribution is performed as well as the products and services offered through partner stores. Rather than ordering a product from a distributor who delivers them in person, Quixtar customers can place orders online and have the products shipped to them directly. In mid-2007, however, Quixtar announced they were phasing back in the Amway name over two years and discarding the Quixtar name. Along with the re-branding campaign, Amway Global is investing over 580 million dollars into both increased compensation for IBOs and extensive advertising of the new brand name.
Individuals may buy products through Quixtar's web site with a referral number from an IBO. Quixtar also gives IBOs the option to create free personal websites that can be personalized to focus on health, beauty, health and beauty, and/or gift and incentive products. The referring IBO then receives the retail/wholesale profit (usually 30%), and a percentage ("bonus") of the cost of the sold goods (from 3% up to 31% depending on total PV generated), with Quixtar-exclusive products yielding a higher bonus per dollar in Point Value and Business Value (PV/BV). Quixtar offers a wide range of products for its IBOs to purchase for personal use and/or to sell to customers through Quixtar.com and IBO personal e-commerce sites.
IBOs pay a registration fee and build their businesses through retail sales to customers, referring business to Quixtar.com, and by helping other IBOs build similar businesses. Their earnings are based on their business's sales and the volume of sales and purchases of IBOs registered by them.
Income of Quixtar IBOs
Quixtar IBOs earn income in different forms in various categories, including IGP (Immediate Gross Profit), Performance Bonus, Leadership Bonus, and other Growth incentives. IGP is the profit made when customers of an IBO buy products and services from Quixtar at retail price. Performance bonus on a scale of 3% to 25% of the group volume (total BV of the sale made by the group) is paid if the PV level of the IBO is more than 100 PV in a month. The leadership bonus is paid at 4% of BV of each qualifying leg, which is at 25% or 7500 PV. Growth incentives are announced by Quixtar every year in the form of bonuses and paid trips at various levels. These bonuses are awarded to IBOs who are at Platinum or higher achievement levels.
Quixtar reports that the average income for an "active" Quixtar IBO in 2005 was $115 a month ($1,380 annually), as documented in The Quixtar IBO Compensation Plan and on a Quixtar website. The average annual Quixtar income for an IBO that qualified at the Platinum level in 2005 (0.1683% of IBOs) was $47,472 and for a Diamond (.0120% of IBOs) it was $146,995. The largest single annual bonus (in addition to monthly incomes) for a Diamond was $1,083,421.
This said, according to Inter@ctive Week, "The commissions aren't all that great, even though they can add up to greater than 50 percent of the cost of the goods sold. If privately held Amway generated $6 billion in sales in 1998 as estimated, then each of its 1 million distributors would have pulled in, on average, only $6,000. It's nice extra income, but a livelihood only for the most talented, hardworking or aggressive. Or, for those with a large personal family tree.
That's because this form of marketing relies on what Ken McDonald, regional vice president at Amway North America, calls "high touch." This is what amounts to the need for agents or distributors to reach out and touch people they personally know, in order to make a sale. Almost all Amway sales start with face-to-face contact between people familiar with each other" (Inter@ctive Week).
An "active" IBO is qualified on the IBO Registration form: Based on an independent survey during 2001, “Active” means an IBO attempted to make a retail sale, or presented the Independent Business Ownership Plan, or received bonus money, or attended a company or IBO meeting in the year 2000. Approximately 66% of all IBOs of record were found to be "Active."
IBO Association International
The IBO Association International (IBOAI) was founded in 1959 as the American Way Association with the goal of "serving the common interests of Independent Business Owners throughout North America." Members are served by an 18-member Board of Directors who are supported by seven full-time staff. The Association's board members are "elected by its voting members".
Accreditation
In 2006, Quixtar, in partnership with the IBOAI (IBO Association International) launched the "Quixtar Accreditation" program in order to address concerns about the companies that provide Business Support Materials to Quixtar IBOs. North American Diamonds (high-level IBOs) and their associated training companies may apply to Quixtar to be accredited by the corporation. Among other things, accreditation specifically states that promotion of particular religious or political viewpoints is unacceptable. Additionally, accredited programs must agree to a range of other guidelines, including "full" transparency in any compensation paid for Business Support Materials. The "full" transparency only applies to the IBO's who are participants in the BSM income, for most groups this means Platinums and above, representing a very small percentage of IBO's. Accreditation lasts two years and is enforced through reviews of materials and surveys of IBOs. The full guidelines are listed in the IBO Communications Platform. In April 2006 "eFinity" became the first Quixtar affiliated support organization to receive accredited status.
Sales and ranking
Forbes ranked Alticor, as America's 27th largest privately owned company with estimated revenue of $7.29 billion. In 2006, Internet Retailer ranked Quixtar.com as the number one site in the "health and beauty" category and 18th largest e-commerce site (for revenue) overall.
Quixtar-powered IBOs generated revenues of $1.118 billion for Quixtar for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006, the fourth consecutive year in which the company surpassed the billion-dollar mark. IBOs also generated record $84.6 million in revenues for Quixtar’s Partner Stores in 2006.
Promotion
Athletes who have promoted Quixtar or its products include Jamaican Olympic sprinter Asafa Powell, American pole vaulter Jennifer Stuczynski, American Olympic sprinter Sanya Richards, U.S. Olympian Shaun White, Cinematographer Wes Anderson, Chinese Olympic hurdler Liu Xiang; Brazilian soccer player Ronaldinho, heavyweight boxer Evander Holyfield, and Heisman Trophy winner Ron Dayne. Tim Foley, a member of the undefeated 1972 Miami Dolphins, is a Quixtar Founders Crown Ambassador.
Author John C. Maxwell, who writes leadership books including The 21 Irrefutable Laws of Leadership, co-authored Becoming a Person of Influence with Jim Dornan, Quixtar Founders Crown Ambassador and founder of Quixtar support organization Network TwentyOne. Orrin Woodward and Chris Brady, both former IBOAI board members for Quixtar, co-authored the #1 bestseller, Launching a Leadership Revolution. Both Woodward and Brady were terminated by Quixtar and participated in a class action lawsuit against Quixtar alleging that Quixtar operated as an illegal recruitment scheme.
As a guest speaker at the Quixtar LIVE! conference in 2003, Phil McGraw ("Dr. Phil") reportedly described Quixtar as "one of the greatest success stories in American business history." In a 2006 settlement involving a class-action lawsuit brought against McGraw and his Shape-Up diet products, plaintiffs received a share of $6.0 million in Quixtar-brand Nutrilite vitamins and $4.5 million in cash.
Sports Interests
Orlando Arena naming rights
In December 2006, Amway secured the naming rights for the Orlando Arena, home to the NBA's Orlando Magic, which was formerly known as the TD Waterhouse Centre. In the deal, the arena became known as Amway Arena. As part of the contract, Amway also had the exclusive right to first negotiations for the naming rights of the arena's successor, and secured in early August 2009 a 10-year deal to name the new facility Amway Center.
San Jose Earthquakes
Prior to the 2009 Major League Soccer season, Amway Global signed a three-year deal with the San Jose Earthquakes to become the team's official jersey sponsor.
A major part of the partnership is focused on community initiatives in the Bay Area. As a result, Amway Global is now also the official sponsor of the team's Kicks for Kids program that focuses on fitness and healthy lifestyles, as well as bringing underprivileged children to Earthquakes games.
The partnership also saw the creation of the Amway Global Street Team, which appears at all Earthquakes home games and at a number of soccer and non-soccer events throughout the Bay Area. The members of the Amway Global Street Team give away Earthquakes-branded merchandise and provide soccer skills demonstrations at each event.
, Amway officially ended their 3-year contract with the Earthquakes to be their official sponsor.
Los Angeles Sol
In March 2009, Amway Global signed a multi-year deal to become the official presenting partner of the Los Angeles Sol of Women's Professional Soccer. That deal would last only one year, as the Sol folded after the 2009 season.
Controversies
Litigation
For several years Quixtar was involved in litigation with the tools businesses of former Crown Distributor Kenny Stewart and Double Diamond Brig Hart. In February 2008 a federal judge dismissed the case.
A class action lawsuit was filed in 2007 against Quixtar and some of its top-level distributors in California, alleging fraud, racketeering, and that the products business and the tools business are pyramid schemes. A similar case filed in California in August 2007 by TEAM affiliated IBOs whose contracts had been terminated was dismissed. On November 3, 2010, Amway announced that it had agreed to pay $56 million to settle the class action, $34 million in cash and $22 million in products, and while denying any wrongdoing or liability, acknowledged that it had made changes to its business operations as a result of the lawsuit. The settlement is subject to approval by the court, which is expected in early 2011. The total economic value of the settlement, including the changes to the business model, is $100 million.
In his online book "Merchants of Deception", former Quixtar IBO Eric Scheibeler stated that he and his family received death threats from his uplines during a business meeting and from an anonymous phone call. In 2006, a Swedish newspaper published statements attributed to Scheibeler which implied that Amway/Quixtar employees were responsible for these threats. Amway and Quixtar sued Scheibeler on February 27, 2007 for defamation. In July 2007, Scheibeler wrote a letter to an attorney for Amway and Quixtar clarifying among other things that, to his knowledge, Doug DeVos or Amway/Quixtar employees never made any death threats to him.
FTC investigations
The Federal Trade Commission offers advice for potential MLM members to help them identify those which are likely to be pyramid schemes.
In the 1979 ruling In re. Amway Corp., the Federal Trade Commission determined that Quixtar predecessor Amway was not an illegal pyramid scheme because no payments were made for recruitment. In addition, Amway (and later Quixtar) rules required distributors to sell to at least 10 retail customers per month, or have $100 in product sales, or a total of 50 PV from customer purchases in order to qualify for bonuses on downline volume. Quixtar IBOs are required to report this customer volume on Quixtar.com or they do not receive bonuses on downline volume. Furthermore, an IBO must also personally sell or use at least 70% of the products personally purchased each month. The FTC established that these rules help prevent inventory loading and other potential abuses of the marketing model.
In 1986 Amway Corp. agreed, under a consent decree filed in federal court, to pay a $100,000 civil penalty to settle Commission charges it violated a 1979 Commission order that prohibits Amway from misrepresenting the amount of profit, earnings or sales its distributors are likely to achieve. According to a complaint filed with the consent decree, Amway violated the 1979 order by advertising earnings claims without including in it clear and conspicuous disclosures of the average earnings or sales of all distributors in any recent year or the percent of distributors who actually achieved the results claimed.
The FTC has required the information on average income to be provided to all prospective Quixtar business owners since the above 1979 FTC ruling clearing the Amway business model as legal.
Income from tools and business support materials
In 1983, Rich DeVos, one of Amway's founders, made recordings which, among other things, communicated his displeasure with several issues regarding some of the high ranking distributors/IBOs. These recordings are entitled "Directly Speaking" and were addressed to Direct Distributors (now called Platinums), who are considered leaders with various responsibilities for their downline group. In January 1983 Rich DeVos announced that Amway would pay Business Volume (BV) on Amway produced tapes. He expressed concern about the level of income from the sale of Business Support Materials (BSM; tapes, CDs, books, and business conferences/functions) compared to the income the high level distributors were making from Amway products. He stated his legal team was concerned if the tool income exceeded 10% of their Amway income, and stated that BV payouts on tapes can never exceed 20% of the distributor's total Business Volume.
A 1985 Forbes magazine article quoted Dexter Yager, an IBO, as stating that about 2/3 of his income is from BSMs.
In 2004, Dateline NBC aired a report, alleging that some high-level Quixtar IBOs make most of their money from selling motivational materials rather than Quixtar products. Quixtar published an official Quixtar Response website where it showed '"Interviews Dateline Didn't Do"'. Quixtar also states on its response site that Dateline declined their request to link to the site.
During the registration process for a new IBO, Quixtar contracts clearly inform prospective IBOs that BSM are optional and that the producers and sellers of the BSM may make profit or loss from their sale (like any other business). This is also publicized on Quixtar websites. Quixtar's Business Support Materials Arbitration Agreement (SMAA) requires the immediate seller of BSMs to buy-back materials, which were purchased only for personal consumption within a 180-day time frame, on commercially reasonable terms, upon request of the purchaser. BSMs purchased for inventory or to be sold to others downline are not covered by the buy back policy.
Disputes with TEAM
On August 9, 2007, a group of Quixtar distributors, including founders of the TEAM training organization, filed a lawsuit seeking to enjoin Quixtar from enforcing its distributor contracts, including the non-competition and non-solicitation provisions. The plaintiffs alleged that the company knowingly operates as a pyramid scheme, and prevents its distributors from leaving the organization through the aforementioned provisions.
On August 10, 2007, Quixtar announced that it had terminated the businesses of fifteen of the plaintiffs involved in the lawsuit, and sought and received a temporary restraining order and preliminary order of injunction in a Michigan court preventing them from interfering with the LOS, soliciting IBOs for their new company, or disparaging Quixtar or the business in any way. In mid October 2007, Quixtar argued that the former distributors were in violation of the court order since TEAM continued to have meetings and sell motivational materials. In Grand Rapids, Michigan, Quixtar argued that TEAM was using Quixtar's proprietary information to promote its meetings and sell materials. The court held in favor of Woodward and Brady and allowed TEAM to continue to operate.
To enforce the injunction, Quixtar filed an action against 30 anonymous bloggers. Specifically, Quixtar was seeking to discover if Woodward and Brady were involved in a blogging campaign to disparage the company. The California lawsuit was dismissed on October 5, 2007.
In 2009, Woodward and his wife Laurie were found liable in an arbitration case for soliciting other distributors to resign from Quixtar and join its competitor MonaVie, The Woodwards were ordered to pay a settlement of $12,736,659. TEAM Co-defendants Chris and Terri Brady ordered to pay $9,578,756 and Tim and Amy Marks, $3,533,230.
Google bombing
In the summer of 2004, some Quixtar leaders and IBOs allegedly launched a Web initiative designed to make their web pages more prominent in search results, aka Google Bombing.
See also
Amway
Amway Australia
References
Notes
Steinert-Threlkeld T. An Amway By Any Other Name. Inter@Ctive Week [serial online]. July 5, 1999;6(27):52. Available from: Academic Search Premier, Ipswich, MA. Accessed November 21, 2012.
Emrich, A. (2009). Amway Global continues its push for more exposure. Grand Rapids Business Journal, 27(8), 3.
External links
Amway's corporate site
Amway Independent Business Owners Association
Media articles
CNET article about Quixtar launch
NY Times article about Quixtar launch
eWeek - Quixtar: Cleaning Up
Taipei Times article about Quixtar "Ditto" Program
Quixtar sues bloggers about Quixtar's lawsuit against 30 anonymous bloggers.
Government documents
FTC's Ruling on Illegal Pyramid Schemes
Western Michigan BBB Reliability Report
Amway
Companies based in Kent County, Michigan
Multi-level marketing companies
American companies established in 1999
Retail companies established in 1999
Online retailers of the United States
Privately held companies based in Michigan
1999 establishments in Michigan
ja:クイックスター |
Alastor festae is a species of wasp in the family Vespidae.
References
festae |
Harnett may refer to:
People
Given name
Harnett Kane (1910–1984), American author
Surname
Cornelius Harnett (1723–1781), American statesman
Curt Harnett (born 1965), Canadian racing cyclist
Cynthia Harnett (1893–1981), English writer of children's historical fiction.
Greg Harnett (born 1990), Canadian lacrosse player
Ian Harnett (1926–2001), Scottish footballer
Joan Harnett (born 1943), New Zealand netball player and real estate agent
Jon Harnett (born 1988), Canadian lacrosse player
Ricci Harnett (born 1975), British actor
William Harnett (1848–1892), Irish-American painter
Other uses
Harnett County, North Carolina
Harnett, Harnett County, North Carolina
Harnett County Airport
USS Harnett County (LST-821)
See also
Garnett (disambiguation) |
Les Ottolenghi was the Executive Vice President & Chief Information Officer for Caesars Entertainment Corporation, a role he assumed in January 2016. Ottolenghi was previously the Chief Information Officer at Las Vegas Sands Corporation. He is currently working as CITO at Stride, Inc.
Education
Ottolenghi holds an MBA in Decision Information Analysis from Emory University’s Goizueta School of Business where he received the Robert W. Woodruff Scholarship, the highest award granted by the business school. He received his undergraduate degree from Duke University.
Career
Ottolenghi began his career as an entrepreneur and founded Computer Innovations Corporation out of college. He later grew the start-up to a retail operation that achieved $13.3M in sales in three years. As a result of his efforts in the industry, CIO Magazine listed him among the top 50 CIOs.
Ottolenghi’s’ expertise encompasses cyber security, big data, real time CRM, and consumer-centric mobile applications development. He’s led the IT strategic business planning process at the enterprise level by leveraging TBM and introduced the NIST Cyber Security Framework and IT governance and compliance standards.
Ottolenghi is also reported to have funded, written, promoted, and produced a cyberbullying documentary reviewed by HBO films, CNN, and the U.S. House of Congress and accepted at 38 film festivals.
Sands Corporation
Prior to his role at Caesars, Ottolenghi spent two years at Sands Corporation as Chief Information & Innovation Officer and held both the CIO and CTO roles for the first year. In 18 months, he launched an entirely new IT enterprise that included a modern, scalable IT network and software infrastructure and application architecture to replace unprofitable, siloed legacy systems and a new architecture design that integrated casino gaming, hospitality, and resort retail systems into a unified IT services platform. His efforts drove profitability for virtually every area of the company and resulted in a ten-fold increase in the value of IT investments and multimillion-dollar reduction in capital and operating expenses. Additionally, he reversed an enterprise-wide cyber-threat to protect billions of dollars in assets and virtually eliminated future security breaches.
Plat4M Technologies
Previously, Ottolenghi was the Founder & CIO of Plat4M Technologies where he spent five years creating multi-industry software applications including highly scalable SaaS applications and software for the media, travel, and electronics industries. During this time, he created the strategy, business model, and design for TST, the world’s largest retail travel system and developed and licensed over a dozen leading-edge social media engagement tools.
Intent Media Works
As the CTO and Co-Founder of Intent Media Works, the largest distributor of authorized online music media and entertainment file downloads, Ottolenghi spent four years working on groundbreaking projects including the first platform for providing legal and authorized forms of downloadable media content to consumers that led to the first licensing deals with Pandora and Spotify.
Ottolenghi spent nine years at top travel and hospitality companies Agentware Incorporated, CWT, and Holiday Inn Worldwide developing platforms that revolutionized the industry including the first and most influential search engine for the travel industry which was licensed to Kayak and was later sold to Priceline.com for $1.8 billion.
Recognitions and awards
Technology Association of Georgia (TAG), Employer of the Year (2012)
GA Tech, Employee of the Year (2010 & 2011)
Distributed Computing Industry Association, Innovator of the Year (2006)
Runner-up, Technology Person of the Year, Travel Agent Magazine (2002)
Nominated CIO of the Year 1998, Information Week
Named Top 100 Most Influential Person’s in Travel Industry, Travel Agent Magazine (1998)
Named Top 50 Rising Star by Travel Agent Magazine (1997)
Entrepreneur of the Year, North Carolina (1989)
Business Transformation 150, 2020
Digital Transformation Trailblazer, 2019
CIO 100, 2018
Breakaway CIO, 2018
AI/Data Analytics Innovator, 2018
CIO of the Year, Gaming/Hospitality, 2017/2018
References
American businesspeople
Chief information officers
Goizueta Business School alumni
Duke University alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
```c++
// Boost.Range library
//
// 1.0. (See accompanying file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at
// path_to_url
//
// For more information, see path_to_url
//
#include <boost/range/adaptor/indirected.hpp>
#include <boost/range/algorithm/copy.hpp>
#include <boost/shared_ptr.hpp>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
int main(int argc, const char* argv[])
{
using namespace boost::adaptors;
std::vector<boost::shared_ptr<int> > input;
for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i)
input.push_back(boost::shared_ptr<int>(new int(i)));
boost::copy(
input | indirected,
std::ostream_iterator<int>(std::cout, ","));
return 0;
}
``` |
In automata theory, a hybrid automaton (plural: hybrid automata or hybrid automatons) is a mathematical model for precisely describing hybrid systems, for instance systems in which digital computational processes interact with analog physical processes. A hybrid automaton is a finite state machine with a finite set of continuous variables whose values are described by a set of ordinary differential equations. This combined specification of discrete and continuous behaviors enables dynamic systems that comprise both digital and analog components to be modeled and analyzed.
Examples
A simple example is a room-thermostat-heater system where the temperature of the room evolves according to laws of thermodynamics and the state of the heater (on/off); the thermostat senses the temperature, performs certain computations and turns the heater on and off. In general, hybrid automata have been used to model and analyze a variety of embedded systems including vehicle control systems, air traffic control systems, mobile robots, and processes from systems biology.
Formal definition
An Alur–Henzinger hybrid automaton comprises the following components:
A finite set of real-numbered variables. The number is called the dimension of . Let be the set of dotted variables that represent first derivatives during continuous change, and let be the set of primed variables that represent values at the conclusion of discrete change.
A finite multidigraph . The vertices in are called control modes. The edges in are called control switches.
Three vertex labeling functions init, inv, and flow that assign to each control mode three predicates. Each initial condition init is a predicate whose free variables are from . Each invariant condition inv is a predicate whose free variables are from . Each flow condition flow is a predicate whose free variables are from .
So this is a labeled multidigraph.
An edge labeling function jump that assigns to each control switch a predicate. Each jump condition jump is a predicate whose free variables are from .
A finite set of events, and an edge labeling function event: that assigns to each control switch an event.
Related models
Hybrid automata come in several flavors: The Alur–Henzinger hybrid automaton is a popular model; it was developed primarily for algorithmic analysis of hybrid systems model checking. The HyTech model checking tool is based on this model. The Hybrid Input/Output Automaton model has been developed more recently. This model enables compositional modeling and analysis of hybrid systems. Another formalism, which is useful to model implementations of hybrid automaton, is the lazy linear hybrid automaton.
Decidable subclass of hybrid automata
Given the expressiveness of hybrid automata it is not surprising that simple reachability questions are undecidable for general hybrid automata. In fact, a straightforward reduction from counter machines to three variables hybrid automata (two variables for storing counter values and one to restrict spending a unit-time per location) proves the undecidability of the reachability problem for hybrid automata. A sub-class of hybrid automata are timed automata where all of the variables grow with uniform rate (i.e., all continuous variables have derivative 1). Such restricted variables can act as timer variables, called clocks, and permit modeling of real-time systems. Other notable decidable subclasses include initialized rectangular hybrid automata, one-dimensional piecewise-constant derivatives (PCD) systems, priced timed automata, and constant-rate multi-mode systems.
See also
Timed automaton and signal automaton, two kinds of hybrid automata
References
Further reading
Rajeev Alur, Costas Courcoubetis, Nicolas Halbwachs, Thomas A. Henzinger, Pei-Hsin Ho, Xavier Nicollin, Alfredo Olivero, Joseph Sifakis, and Sergio Yovine The algorithmic analysis of hybrid systems. Theoretical Computer Science, volume 138(1), pages 3–34, 1995.
Nancy Lynch, Roberto Segala, Frits Vaandrager, Hybrid I/O Automata. Information and Computation, volume 185(1), pages 103–157, 2003.
Automata (computation)
Differential equations |
The Oman national futsal team is controlled by the Oman Football Association, the governing body for futsal in Oman and represents the country in international futsal competitions.
Tournaments
FIFA Futsal World Cup
1989 – Did not enter
1992 – Did not qualify
1996-2016 – Did not enter
2021 – Did not qualify
2024 – Did not enter
AFC Futsal Championship
Arab Futsal Championship
GCC Futsal Cup
Results
http://old.futsalplanet.com/matches
2020 AFC Futsal Championship qualification
2022 AFC Futsal Asian Cup qualification
21/09/2019 - Isa Town (BAH)
- Friendly Match
Bahrain vs Oman 1 - 3
20/09/2019 - Isa Town (BAH)
- Friendly Match
Bahrain vs Oman 1 - 1
09/10/2018 - Kalba (UAE)
- Friendly Match
UAE vs Oman 3 - 2
08/10/2018 - Kalba (UAE)
- Friendly Match
UAE vs Oman 3 - 1
08/09/2017 - Sharjah (UAE)
- Friendly Match
UAE vs Oman 4 - 1
07/09/2017 - Sharjah (UAE)
- Friendly Match
UAE vs Oman 3 - 1
18/03/2015 - Isa Town (BAH)
- Isa Town 2015 - GCC Futsal Championship
Oman vs UAE 2 - 3
17/03/2015 - Isa Town (BAH)
- Isa Town 2015 - GCC Futsal Championship
Kuwait vs Oman 5 - 0
15/03/2015 - Isa Town (BAH)
- Isa Town 2015 - GCC Futsal Championship
Oman vs Bahrain 3 - 1
14/03/2015 - Isa Town (BAH)
- Isa Town 2015 - GCC Futsal Championship
Saudi Arabia vs Oman 3 - 5
12/03/2015 - Isa Town (BAH)
- Isa Town 2015 - GCC Futsal Championship
Oman vs UAE 0 - 2
11/03/2015 - Isa Town (BAH)
- Isa Town 2015 - GCC Futsal Championship
Qatar vs Oman 4 - 3
10/03/2015 - Isa Town (BAH)
- Isa Town 2015 - GCC Futsal Championship
Oman vs Kuwait 4 - 6
06/03/2015 - Isa Town (BAH)
- Friendly Match
Bahrain vs Oman 4 - 5
27/02/2015 - Dubai (UAE)
- Friendly Match
UAE vs Oman 3 - 5
03/05/1992 - - (IRI)
- FIFA World Futsal Ch. - Hong Kong 1992 (Q) (2nd)
Iran vs Oman 6 - 2
01/05/1992 - - (IRI)
- FIFA World Futsal Ch. - Hong Kong 1992 (Q) (2nd)
Oman vs Kuwait 12 - 3
References
External links
Official Oman Football Association Website
Oman
futsal
Futsal in Oman |
College Township is a township in Linn County, Iowa, United States.
History
College Township was organized in 1858.
References
Townships in Linn County, Iowa
Townships in Iowa
1858 establishments in Iowa
Populated places established in 1858 |
Witherington is a small settlement in Wiltshire, England, in the extreme south-east of the county, a tithing of the civil parish of Downton.
Although surveyed in the Domesday Book in the 11th century, it is now little more than one farm. The farmhouse, built about 1700, is a Grade II listed building.
By 1147 there was probably a church at Witherington, dependent on Downton. As the population declined it was abandoned, probably in the 15th century.
When civil parishes were created in 1897, the tithing was part of the parish of Standlynch with Charlton All Saints. This parish was united with Downton in 1934.
References
Hamlets in Wiltshire |
Alfred Kevin Willhite (born May 4, 1963) is a former collegiate and professional American football player.
Willhite attended Cordova High School in Rancho Cordova, California, graduating in 1982. He was one of the greatest running backs in California prep history, rushing for 4,901 yards and scoring 72 touchdowns. He was selected into the Sac-Joaquin section Hall of Fame.
He was also a great prep sprinter. As a junior in 1981, he won the 200 meters at the California State track meet with a legal wind-aided time of 20.8. As a senior in 1982, he ran 100 meters in 10.5 and had a hand-timed 10.4.
In 1981, he was named the California prep athlete of the year (for football and track) and was separately named the California prep football player of the year. After his senior football year, he also earned three national honors. He received the Dial Award as the outstanding scholar-athlete of the year. Making the 1982 Parade Magazine All-American team, he was named the national back of the year, despite very highly recruited Marcus Dupree from Philadelphia, Mississippi, who became a freshman sensation with the Oklahoma Sooners as a true freshman in 1982, being a contender. He was also selected for the Sam B. Nicola Trophy as the National High school Player of the Year by the Touchdown Club of Columbus, Ohio in 1981. In the 1982 Long Beach Press Telegram Best in the West football recruits rankings, he received 10 votes for the best college running back prospect on the West Coast which was the most a recruit could receive.
One of most highly recruited prep football players ever out of the State of California in 1981–1982, he verbally committed to the University of Washington about three weeks before National Signing Day on February 10, 1982, despite the Huskies already having RB Jacque Robinson who as a freshman was the MVP of the 1982 Rose Bowl game in which the Huskies beat Iowa 28–0. But on signing day, Willhite shocked the college football world and signed with the University of Oregon. Reportedly, he ultimately chose the Ducks over the Huskies because of the Ducks' track program.
Willhite severely tore his hamstring during his senior high school track season in 1982 and then suffered further injuries at the University of Oregon during his freshman season, which resulted in him redshirting in 1982. He had an undistinguished college football career. Because of the effect of his injuries, he was switched to fullback where he was used mostly as a blocking back. He became a starter his senior year.
During the NFL strike season of 1987, Willhite became a replacement player for the Green Bay Packers. In three games for the Packers, he rushed for 251 yards on 53 carries (4.7 avg), with a long run of 61 yards, but no touchdowns. He is the younger brother of former Denver Broncos' RB Gerald Willhite.
References
Further reading
External links
Statistics at DatabaseFootball.com
1963 births
Living people
Oregon Ducks football players
Green Bay Packers players
People from Rancho Cordova, California
National Football League replacement players |
Seven Stories, the National Centre for Children's Books is a museum and visitor centre dedicated to children's literature and based in the Ouseburn Valley, Newcastle upon Tyne, close to the city's regenerated Quayside. The renovated Victorian mill in which it is housed has seven levels. It is the first and only museum in the UK wholly devoted to the art of British children's books. Their archive is housed in a separate building in Felling.
History
Seven Stories opened in August 2005 after a £6.5 million conversion from a former granary building.
In March 2006, the centre received the Centre Vision Award, the Civic Trust's national award for best practice in town centre regeneration.
Seven Stories celebrated their fifth birthday in August 2010 with an exclusive golden ticket event with popular children's author Dame Jacqueline Wilson.
In September 2010, Seven Stories purchased several original typescripts by Enid Blyton, making Seven Stories the largest public collector of Blyton material. The purchase was made possible by special funding from the Heritage Lottery Fund, MLA/V&A Purchase Grant Fund, and two private donations.
In 2010, Seven Stories was awarded the Eleanor Farjeon Award, made for distinguished service to the world of British children's books.
In 2012, Seven Stories became The National Centre for Children's Books, a registered charity.
The centre closed for refurbishment in April 2015. The refurbishment was intended to focus on improving the visitor experience, functionality for school groups and the energy efficiency of the building. The centre re-opened on Sunday 19 July 2015.
In October 2015, author Michael Morpurgo donated a collection of manuscripts, notebooks and letters to the museum.
Exhibits
Seven Stories has a changing programme of exhibitions aimed at both children and adults. Seven Stories brings together original manuscripts and illustrations from some of the UK's best loved children's books, to excite visitors in an exploration of creativity, literature and art. Jacqueline Wilson, Terry Jones, Philip Pullman and Quentin Blake are among some of the centre's most distinguished patrons.
Seven Stories curates its own exhibitions, many of which go on to tour nationally including Judith Kerr, Anthony Browne and Jacqueline Wilson. They also provide a range of workshops, visits and resources for schools and education professionals from pre-school to post graduates including the University of Newcastle upon Tyne with which it jointly hosts a number of PhD studentships funded by the Arts and Humanities Research Council.
Many children's authors and illustrators visit the centre to run workshops and give talks, including David Almond, Catherine Rayner, Michael Foreman, Terry Deary, Judith Kerr, Julia Donaldson, Mick Manning, Brita Granström and Oliver Jeffers.
Activities include dressing-up and dramatic fun, creative writing and wordplay, illustration and craft.
See also
Roald Dahl Museum and Story Centre
The Story Museum
Children's literature
References
External links
Official site
Seven Stories Enid Blyton Blog
British children's literature
Museums established in 2005
Children's museums in the United Kingdom
Art museums and galleries in Tyne and Wear
Literary museums in England
Museums in Newcastle upon Tyne
Charities based in Tyne and Wear
2005 establishments in England |
Chizarira National Park is a national park that lies in Northern part of Zimbabwe. At , it is the third-largest national park in Zimbabwe, and also one of the least known because of its isolated situation on the Zambezi Escarpment. It has good wildlife populations and some majestic scenery. The name of the park comes from the Batonga word chijalila, which translates into English as "great barrier", referring to Zambezi Escarpment, of which Chizarira’s rough terrain forms a part.
Description
The northern portion of the park is situated within the Southern miombo woodlands ecoregion, while the southern part is located within the Zambezian and mopane woodlands ecoregion. The escarpment falls steeply some to the Zambezi River valley floor and offers magnificent views towards Lake Kariba, north. Rivers such as the Mcheni and Lwizikululu have cut almost sheer gorges in the escarpment. At the north eastern extremity of the park lies Tundazi, a mountain on which, according to local legend, resides an immense serpent, the river god Nyaminyami. The southern boundary is marked by the Busi River which is flanked by floodplains supporting winter thorn Faidherbia albida woodlands.
Chizarira is Zimbabwe's 3rd largest national park, with a hugh population of four of the Big Five animals with the rhinos missing . The terrain is excellent for leopard, and there is a good variety of herbivore. Its main attraction is its enormous wilderness appeal. Walking safaris are a big part of the experience. Arguably Zimbabwe’s third largest National Park and indisputably the most remote wilderness area, Chizarira national park derives its name from the Batonga word “Chijalila” which means “The Great Barrier”, an orientation of phenomenal mountains and copious hills that form a fabulous portion of the Zambezi Escarpment. The terrain in the park is craggy, punctuated with ragged mountains, intensely incised by gorgeous gorges and awesome gulches. In the intensely impenetrable valleys, sandwiched by the unique open plain rests the lush vegetation comfortably suckled by vibrant natural springs. This has made the park an amazing place to appreciate nature.
Fauna
Chizarira National Park, plays host to most of the expected plains wildlife as well as megafauna such as African elephant, lion, leopard and Cape buffalo. There are also many species of smaller wildlife, including the klipspringer, known for its ability to thrive in near-vertical rocky outcrops. Chizarira has a large variety of bird life and hundreds of species have been sighted within the Park. Sought after birds recorded include the African broadbill, Livingstone's flycatcher, western nicator, African emerald cuckoo and the rare and elusive African pitta. Chizarira is also home to the Taita falcon which breeds within the Park.
Chizarira was declared as a non-hunting reserve in 1938 and as a game reserve in 1963; it was given National Park status under the Parks and Wild Life Act (1975). The park has its headquarters at Manzituba.
This remoteness and the few visitors has meant that Chizarira has experienced increased risk from poachers in recent years. The lack of lodges and safari operators in the park has meant that poachers have free rein and the park has suffered as a result, particularly during the economic crisis that engulfed Zimbabwe in the early 2000s.
References
National parks of Zimbabwe
1975 establishments in Rhodesia
Protected areas established in 1975
Geography of Matabeleland North Province
Tourist attractions in Matabeleland North Province
Protected areas established in 1938
1963 establishments in Southern Rhodesia
Protected areas established in 1963 |
Elbow Lake is a city and county seat of Grant County, Minnesota, United States. The population was 1,276 at the 2020 census.
History
Elbow Lake was platted in 1886. The city took its name from nearby Elbow Lake.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of , all land.
U.S. Highway 59 and Minnesota State Highways 55 and 79 are four of the main routes in the city. Elbow Lake is 12 miles west of Interstate Highway 94.
Elbow Lake is in telephone area code 218.
Demographics
2010 census
As of the census of 2010, there were 1,176 people, 538 households, and 313 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 623 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 97.4% White, 0.2% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.2% Asian, 0.3% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.2% of the population.
There were 538 households, of which 27.7% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 44.8% were married couples living together, 9.9% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.5% had a male householder with no wife present, and 41.8% were non-families. 37.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 19% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.16 and the average family size was 2.86.
The median age in the city was 40.9 years. 24.1% of residents were under the age of 18; 5.8% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 24.3% were from 25 to 44; 26.9% were from 45 to 64, and 18.9% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 45.1% male and 54.9% female.
2000 census
As of the census of 2000, there were 1,275 people, 560 households, and 348 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 624 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 97.41% White, 0.24% Native American, 0.47% Asian, 0.78% from other races, and 1.10% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.33% of the population.
There were 560 households, out of which 27.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 51.6% were married couples living together, 8.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 37.7% were non-families. 33.9% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.6% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.26 and the average family size was 2.93.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 24.9% under the age of 18, 7.8% from 18 to 24, 25.2% from 25 to 44, 17.4% from 45 to 64, and 24.7% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 40 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.5 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 82.5 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $30,441, and the median income for a family was $38,611. Males had a median income of $28,839 versus $20,515 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,429. About 6.3% of families and 7.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.7% of those under age 18 and 6.2% of those age 65 or over.
Education
Elbow Lake is part of the West Central Area School system, which includes Barrett, Hoffman, Kensington, Wendell, and many other communities. Elementary school facilities are in Elbow Lake and Kensington, and the secondary school, which opened in 1995, is in Barrett, seven miles from Elbow Lake.
Parks
Elbow Lake has several parks within city limits that offer a variety of recreational opportunities, including softball fields, a volleyball court, lighted tennis courts, an ice skating rink with a warming house, a running track, playground equipment, picnic shelters, and a bandshell for summer entertainment.
The Tipsinah Mounds Campground and park, four miles east of Elbow Lake on Pomme de Terre Lake, has a public swimming beach, playground equipment, hiking and nature trails, and an above-ground tornado shelter. Fairhaven Beach, on Pomme de Terre Lake, is a public swimming beach.
Libraries
Thorson Memorial Public Library is in Elbow Lake. It is Grant County's only library. It is in the Scofield Memorial Building, built in 1933 with funding from the Public Works Administration (PWA) and donated funds. The building was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2016.
Thorson Memorial Library is a member of Viking Library Regional Library System.
References
External links
City of Elbow Lake — Official Website
Elbow Lake Chamber of Commerce
Cities in Minnesota
Cities in Grant County, Minnesota
County seats in Minnesota |
Salix herbacea, the dwarf willow, least willow or snowbed willow, is a species of tiny creeping willow (family Salicaceae) adapted to survive in harsh arctic and subarctic environments. Distributed widely in alpine and arctic environments around the North Atlantic Ocean, it is one of the smallest of woody plants.
Distribution
Salix herbacea is adapted to survive in harsh environments, and has a wide distribution on both sides of the North Atlantic, in arctic northwest Asia, northern Europe, Greenland, and eastern Canada, and further south on high mountains, south to the Pyrenees, the Alps and the Rila in Europe, and the northern Appalachian Mountains in the eastern United States. It grows in tundra and rocky moorland, usually at over elevation in the south of its range but down to sea level in the Arctic.
Description
The dwarf willow is one of the smallest woody plants in the world. It typically grows to only in height, with spreading prostrate branches, reddish brown and very sparsely hairy at first, growing just underground forming open mats. The leaves are deciduous, rounded, crenate to toothed and shiny green with paler undersides, 0.3–2 cm long and broad. Like other willows, it is dioecious, with male and female catkins on separate plants. As a result, the plant's appearance varies; the female catkins are red-coloured when ripe, while the male catkins are yellow-coloured.
References
External links
herbacea
Flora of the Arctic
Flora of Europe
Flora of Northern America
Flora of temperate Asia
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus |
The men's 4 x 100 metres relay event at the 2003 European Athletics U23 Championships was held in Bydgoszcz, Poland, at Zawisza Stadion on 19 and 20 July.
Medalists
Results
Final
20 July
Heats
19 July
Qualified: first 3 in each heat and 2 best to the Final
Heat 1
Heat 2
Participation
According to an unofficial count, 49 athletes from 11 countries participated in the event.
(4)
(4)
(4)
(5)
(4)
(5)
(5)
(4)
(5)
(4)
(5)
References
4 x 100 metres relay
Relays at the European Athletics U23 Championships |
Dirck Dalens the Elder ( 1600, Dordrecht – 1676, Zierikzee) was a Dutch Golden Age painter.
Biography
According to the RKD he was the father and teacher of the painters Jan and Willem Dalens and the grandfather van Dirk Dalens. He moved to The Hague in 1627 after marrying in Dordrecht the same year. In 1632 he became a member of the painter's guild of The Hague. In 1636 he received permission to sell 80 paintings on the condition that he leave the city for two years. In that document he is referred to as a painter and a schoolmaster. The same year he claimed the guild forced him to sign the contract and thanks to his father-in-law vouching for him in the city council he was allowed to return to The Hague in 1637. In the years 1637-1642 he bought and sold some properties there and in 1642 he became burger. In 1648 he was paid 1200 guilders for four "over-the-mantel" pieces for Paleis Noordeinde. In 1658 he married for the second time and in the same year he was one of the founders of the Confrerie Pictura.
In 1676 he fled to Zierikzee after accusations of incest with his 17-year-old daughter Maria from his second marriage.
He was influenced by Moses van Uyttenbroeck in The Hague, and besides his career there, he spent a year at Leiden in 1636-1637 and some years in Rotterdam in the early 1660s.
References
External links
Dirck Dalens on Artnet
1600s births
1676 deaths
Dutch Golden Age painters
Dutch male painters
Dutch landscape painters
Artists from Dordrecht
Painters from The Hague |
Kalbakken is a neighborhood in Grorud borough, Oslo, Norway.
Kalbakken station on the Oslo Metro also serves the adjacent districts Nordtvet and Flaen between Trondheimsveien and Østre Aker vei, which are Groruddalens main thoroughfares into the city center.
Flaen and Kalbakken were developed as satellite towns of Oslo in the 1950s.
Economy: Kalbakken has a farm.
References
Neighbourhoods of Oslo |
Lieutenant General John T. "Tom" Sheridan retired from the US Air Force in August 2011 . His last assignment was as Commander, Space and Missile Systems Center, Los Angeles AFB, California; he was succeeded by Ellen M. Pawlikowski in June 2011. He has been VP of the SI's National Security Space program since 16 April 2012 ,.
His previous duties include being Deputy Director, National Reconnaissance Office, and Program Executive Officer and System Program Director for Space Radar, Chantilly, Virginia. As Deputy Director, he assists the Director and Principal Deputy Director in the day-to-day direction of the NRO, and also serves as the senior Air Force officer for Air Force civilian and uniformed personnel assigned to the organization. For Space Radar, he directs a program designed to satisfy both Department of Defense and Intelligence Community needs as part of a system of systems integrated approach toward persistent surveillance and reconnaissance capability for the nation.
General Sheridan graduated from the University of Connecticut in 1973 with a Bachelor of Science in mechanical engineering. He completed the university's Air Force ROTC program as a distinguished graduate. Following an educational delay to earn a Master of Business Administration degree from Bryant College in Rhode Island, he entered active duty in August 1975.
General Sheridan's experience includes acquisition leadership of aircraft, simulator and classified space programs; requirements development across all Air Force space programs; and operational leadership in four different national space programs. He has served as military assistant to the Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Space, and as the Commandant of Air Command and Staff College, Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama. Prior to assuming his position as commander of the space and missile systems center, the general was the Director of Requirements, Headquarters Air Force Space Command, Peterson AFB, Colorado.
References
External links
Official Biography
National Reconnaissance Office personnel
Living people
United States Air Force generals
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Drasteria pulchra is a moth of the family Erebidae first described by William Barnes and James Halliday McDunnough in 1918. It is found in North America, where it has been recorded from California.
The wingspan is 34–37 mm. The forewings have a black-brown basal area, slightly sprinkled with gray, this area is bordered by a darker line, irregular in course with a prominent inward angle below the median vein, followed by a rounded bulge and then bent strongly backward to the inner margin. The median space is ocherous, grayish brown at the costa and inner margin and crossed outwardly by a brown line. The reniform has the form of a dark lunate blotch bordered inwardly by an ocherous line. There is another line, bent strongly outwardly beyond the cell, forming prominent angles on veins 3, 4 and 6, bent backward below vein 3 to its base, then rounded and rather irregular to the inner margin. Beyond the reniform, there is some white shading especially on veins 3 and 4. The subterminal space is black brown bordered by a pale, quite regular line, parallel to the outer margin with slight inward bend in the submedian fold and preceded in the costal area by black dashes bordered outwardly by a dark line arising from an apical dark streak. The terminal area is violet gray with a marginal dark crenulate line. The hindwings are vermilion with a faint dark discal lunule, a narrow postmedian dark band curving downward at vein 2 to the anal angle, where it is thickest, and median and costal dark blotches on the outer margin. Adults are on wing from June to July.
References
Drasteria
Moths described in 1918
Moths of North America |
Shiran Ratnayake (born 21 March 1999) is a Sri Lankan cricketer. He made his first-class debut for Badureliya Sports Club in the 2016–17 Premier League Tournament on 28 December 2016. He made his List A debut for Ampara District in the 2016–17 Districts One Day Tournament on 25 March 2017.
References
External links
1999 births
Living people
Sri Lankan cricketers
Ampara District cricketers
Badureliya Sports Club cricketers
People from Ragama
Cricketers from Western Province, Sri Lanka |
Tang-e Shuhan or Tang-e Showhan (), also known as Tang-i-Shuwan, may refer to:
Tang-e Shuhan-e Olya
Tang-e Shuhan-e Sofla |
Chah Ghiyas () is a village in Dokuheh Rural District of Seh Qaleh District, Sarayan County, South Khorasan province, Iran.
At the 2006 National Census, its population was 418 in 78 households. The following census in 2011 counted 288 people in 70 households. The latest census in 2016 showed a population of 321 people in 75 households; it was the largest village in its rural district.
References
Sarayan County
Populated places in Sarayan County
fa:چاهغیاث |
Game of Bros is a New Zealand reality television / game show that aired on Māori Television and which premiered on 17 March 2016. In a format compared to The Bachelor New Zealand, several Pacific Island men compete for the attention of two women comedians, Anapela Polataivao and Goretti Chadwick.
Cast
Season 1
Hosts: Anapela Polataivao and Goretti Chadwick.
Winner: Louis Ova
Contestants:
Louis Ova
Joe Mc'Cormack
Jordan Cruickshank
Paul J Ah Kuoi
Zephaniah Sao-Mafiti
Thierry Martel
Michael Koloi
Elia Antonio
Yanique Michaels
Ramon Betham
James Russell
Selwyn Te Pania
Season 2
Hosts: Anapela Polataivao and Goretti Chadwick.
Game master: Wairangi Koopu
Contestants:
Josh Tupou
Roranin Arakua
Jasom Sawyer
Carlos Ulberg
Joash Fahitua
Oscar Kettle
Ammon Johnson
Rakena Takarei
Phoenix Puleanga
Jesse Elliot
Season 3
The third season included both male and female celebrity contestants, vying to win $10,000 for a charity of their choice.
Host/game master: Wairangi Koopu
Contestants:
Miriama Smith, actress
Jimi Jackson, comedian
Kihi Ririnui, TV presenter
Carlos Ulberg, pro fighter (who also competed in season 2)
Makere Gibbons, tennis pro
Tumehe Rongonui, TV presenter
Gloria Blake, model
Shimpal Lelisi, actor
Dave Letele, boxer
Kai Kara-France, MMA fighter
Production
The show was announced on 2016.
The show premiered on 17 March 2016.
In 2016 the show was renewed for a second season.
The second season premiered on 22 March 2017.
Season 3 premiered on May 3, 2018
References
External links
Maori Television: Game of Bros
New Zealand reality television series
2016 New Zealand television series debuts
Māori Television original programming |
Jaromír Holan (born May 14, 1941 in Prague) is a Czech former ice dancer who represented Czechoslovakia. Competing in partnership with Jitka Babická, he won bronze at the 1966 European Championships in Bratislava, Czechoslovakia.
By 1968, Holan had teamed up with Dana Novotná. After their marriage, she competed as Dana Holanová. The duo won two national titles and placed 8th at the 1969 World Championships. After retiring from competition, Holan emigrated to the United States and became a skating coach in Ohio.
Competitive highlights
With Holanová (Novotná)
With Babická
Men's singles
References
1941 births
Living people
Czechoslovak emigrants to the United States
Czechoslovak male single skaters
Czechoslovak male ice dancers
European Figure Skating Championships medalists
Figure skaters from Prague |
Yusuf Ali Nur (born 11 October 1978) is a Somalian professional football coach and former player who played as an attacking midfielder. He recently coached Dekedaha.
Yusuf started his career at HACHS before establishing himself as one of the best players in the Somali Premier League. In 1997, he moved to Elman where he won three consecutive league titles. Yusuf Ali was also the captain of the Somalia national team from 1997 up to 2010.
In 2010, after retiring as a player, Ali Nur transitioned into coaching, and began his head coaching career at Elman, In his several seasons as Elman coach, Ali Nur won two league titles and a Somalia Super Cup.
Club career
Ali Nur joined Elman in 1997 after leaving his former team HACHS. He played for Elman from 1997 up his retirement in 2010.
He was the captain of Elman fom 2005 up to 2010; Ali Nur led the team into several CAF tournaments.
Managerial career
After coaching the Somalia national team, Ali Nur joined his former team Elman as coach and won two league titles and a super cup.
In 2015, Ali Nur left Elman and joined Dekedaha, where he continued winning titles: he won three consecutive titles with in 2017, 2018 and 2019.
After five years with Dekedaha, Ali Nur returned to Elman as a technical director in 2021.
References
External links
1978 births
Living people
Somalian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Elman FC players
Somali First Division players
Somalia men's international footballers
Somalian football managers
Somalia national football team managers
Elman FC managers
Dekedaha FC managers
Somali First Division managers
Sportspeople from Mogadishu |
Monogramma may refer to:
Monogramma (alga), a genus of algae in the class Bacillariophyceae, order unknown
Monogramma (plant), a genus of plants in the family Pteridaceae |
The 1970 Bhiwandi riots were religious riots which occurred between 7 and 8 May in the Indian towns of Bhiwandi, Jalgaon and Mahad, between Hindus and Muslims. The riots caused the deaths of over 250 people; the Justice Madon commission, which investigated the riots, stated that 142 Muslims and 20 Hindus had been killed in Bhiwandi alone, and 50 Muslims and 17 Hindus in the surrounding areas. The commission strongly criticized the police for anti-Muslim bias in the aftermath of the riots, and also criticized the Shiv Sena, a Hindu-nationalist political party, for its role in the violence.
The riots
There had been a prolonged period of tension between Hindu Radical groups such as the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS), Bharatiya Jana Sangh and Shiv Sena, and the Muslim radical groups Jamaat-i-Islami, the Muslim League and Majlis Tameer-e-Millat. The Rashtriya Utsav Mandal had campaigned for permission to have a procession to celebrate the birthday of the Maratha warrior-King Shivaji, which would pass through an area where the residents were predominantly Muslims, and by a mosque. Permission was given over the protests of Muslim leaders and on 7 May the procession began.
The procession was organised by Shiv Sena and supporters of the Hindu right, who, it was reported, arrived armed with lathis. Between 3,000 and 4,000 people had travelled from villages close to Bhiwandi, and once the procession began, some Muslims threw stones which triggered the violence. Once the violence began the police opened fire several times. An indefinite curfew was declared by the police at 10:00 p.m. (IST) that night. As violence ensued, fire engines and ambulances were brought in from Bombay, Thane, Ulhasnagar, Kalyan, Ambarnath and other nearby places. The Indian Express reported that "knives and acid bulbs were freely used in the places".
Subsequently, a 24-hour curfew was imposed also in the neighbouring town of Jalgaon, where 50 were reportedly injured by 8 May. The official figures put the total death toll at 21. The Indian Army was called in the same day to the two towns to bring the situation under control. It was reported that towns returned to "normalcy" the following day.
Aftermath
Following the incident, the Indian government formed a Commission headed by Justice Dinshah Pirosha Madon. The final report from the commission ran to seven volumes and was highly critical of the police for their failure to prevent the riots, the report was also highly critical of Shiv Sena for their part in the violence.
According to the Madon report, of those arrested during the violence, 324 were Hindu and 2,183 were Muslim. The report was highly critical of the police, stating that their action showed a clear "anti-Muslim bias". According to K. Jaishankar, of those arrested for clearly identifiable crimes during the violence in 1970, 21 were Hindu and 901 were Muslim, a figure disproportionate to the numbers of casualties (which Jaishankar gives as 17 Hindus and 59 Muslims).
Economic costs for the riots in Bhiwandi, according to the Madon and police reports ran to . In Jalgaon, 112 Muslim properties and been attacked by arsonists, with 87 of these being razed to the ground. There was looting of 250 properties and another 28 had been damaged. Economic costs for the violence in Jalgaon ran to with the costs to Muslims being .
The commission gave a death toll of 164 in Bhiwandi alone, 142 Muslims and 20 Hindus, and in the nearby villages of Khoni and Nagaon the commission stated that there had been 78 deaths, 17 Hindus and 50 Muslims.
References
Bibliography
Bhiwandi riots
Bhiwandi riots
Persecution by Hindus
Riots and civil disorder in India
May 1970 events in Asia |
This is a list of films which have placed number one at the weekend box office in the United States during 1985.
Number-one films
Highest-grossing films
Calendar Gross
Highest-grossing films of 1985 by Calendar Gross
In-Year Release
See also
List of American films — American films by year
Lists of box office number-one films
References
Chronology
1985
United States
1985 in American cinema |
This is a list of years in Algeria. See also the timeline of Algerian history. For only articles about years in Algeria that have been written, see :Category:Years in Algeria.
Twenty-first century
Twentieth century
2000 - 1999 - 1998 - 1997 - 1996 - 1995 - 1994 - 1993 - 1992 - 1991
1990 - 1989 - 1988 - 1987 - 1986 - 1985 - 1984 - 1983 - 1982 - 1981
1980 - 1979 - 1978 - 1977 - 1976 - 1975 - 1974 - 1973 - 1972 - 1971
1970 - 1969 - 1968 - 1967 - 1966 - 1965 - 1964 - 1963 - 1962 - 1961
1960 - 1959 - 1958 - 1957 - 1956 - 1955 - 1954 - 1953 - 1952 - 1951
1950 - 1949 - 1948 - 1947 - 1946 - 1945 - 1944 - 1943 - 1942 - 1941
1940 - 1939 - 1938 - 1937 - 1936 - 1935 - 1934 - 1933 - 1932 - 1931
1930 - 1929 - 1928 - 1927 - 1926 - 1925 - 1924 - 1923 - 1922 - 1921
1920 - 1919 - 1918 - 1917 - 1916 - 1915 - 1914 - 1913 - 1912 - 1911
1910 - 1909 - 1908 - 1907 - 1906 - 1905 - 1904 - 1903 - 1902 - 1901
Nineteenth century
1900 - 1899 - 1898 - 1897 - 1896 - 1895 - 1894 - 1893 - 1892 - 1891
1890 - 1889 - 1888 - 1887 - 1886 - 1885 - 1884 - 1883 - 1882 - 1881
1880 - 1879 - 1878 - 1877 - 1876 - 1875 - 1874 - 1873 - 1872 - 1871
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1370 - 1369 - 1368 - 1367 - 1366 - 1365 - 1364 - 1363 - 1362 - 1361
1360 - 1359 - 1358 - 1357 - 1356 - 1355 - 1354 - 1353 - 1352 - 1351
1350 - 1349 - 1348 - 1347 - 1346 - 1345 - 1344 - 1343 - 1342 - 1341
1340 - 1339 - 1338 - 1337 - 1336 - 1335 - 1334 - 1333 - 1332 - 1331
1330 - 1329 - 1328 - 1327 - 1326 - 1325 - 1324 - 1323 - 1322 - 1321
1320 - 1319 - 1318 - 1317 - 1316 - 1315 - 1314 - 1313 - 1312 - 1311
1310 - 1309 - 1308 - 1307 - 1306 - 1305 - 1304 - 1303 - 1302 - 1301
Thirteenth century
1300 - 1299 - 1298 - 1297 - 1296 - 1295 - 1984 - 1293 - 1292 - 1291
1290 - 1289 - 1288 - 1287 - 1286 - 1285 - 1284 - 1283 - 1282 - 1281
1280 - 1279 - 1278 - 1277 - 1276 - 1275 - 1274 - 1273 - 1272 - 1271
1270 - 1269 - 1268 - 1267 - 1266 - 1265 - 1264 - 1263 - 1262 - 1261
1260 - 1259 - 1258 - 1257 - 1256 - 1255 - 1254 - 1253 - 1252 - 1251
1250 - 1249 - 1248 - 1247 - 1246 - 1245 - 1244 - 1243 - 1242 - 1241
1240 - 1239 - 1238 - 1237 - 1236 - 1235 - 1234 - 1233 - 1232 - 1231
1230 - 1229 - 1228 - 1227 - 1226 - 1225 - 1224 - 1223 - 1222 - 1221
1220 - 1219 - 1218 - 1217 - 1216 - 1215 - 1214 - 1213 - 1212 - 1211
1210 - 1209 - 1208 - 1207 - 1206 - 1205 - 1204 - 1203 - 1202 - 1201
Twelfth century
1200 - 1199 - 1198 - 1197 - 1196 - 1195 - 1194 - 1193 - 1192 - 1191
1190 - 1189 - 1188 - 1187 - 1186 - 1185 - 1184 - 1183 - 1182 - 1181
1180 - 1179 - 1178 - 1177 - 1176 - 1175 - 1174 - 1173 - 1172 - 1171
1170 - 1169 - 1168 - 1167 - 1166 - 1165 - 1164 - 1163 - 1162 - 1161
1160 - 1159 - 1158 - 1157 - 1156 - 1155 - 1154 - 1153 - 1152 - 1151
1150 - 1149 - 1148 - 1147 - 1146 - 1145 - 1144 - 1143 - 1142 - 1141
1140 - 1139 - 1138 - 1137 - 1136 - 1135 - 1134 - 1133 - 1132 - 1131
1130 - 1129 - 1128 - 1127 - 1126 - 1125 - 1124 - 1123 - 1122 - 1121
1120 - 1119 - 1118 - 1117 - 1116 - 1115 - 1114 - 1113 - 1112 - 1111
1110 - 1109 - 1108 - 1107 - 1106 - 1105 - 1104 - 1103 - 1102 - 1101
Eleventh century
11th century in Algeria
First millennium AD
10th century in Algeria
9th century in Algeria
8th century in Algeria
7th century in Algeria
6th century in Algeria
5th century in Algeria
4th century in Algeria
3rd century in Algeria
2nd century in Algeria
First century in Algeria
See also
Timeline of Algiers
Timeline of Oran
List of years by country
Bibliography
External links
Algeria history-related lists
Algeria |
The Willaumez Peninsula is located on the north coast of New Britain in the West New Britain Province. It was named after Jean-Baptiste Philibert Willaumez by Antoine Bruni d'Entrecasteaux.
West New Britain Province
Peninsulas of Papua New Guinea |
Huta Stara A is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Poczesna, within Częstochowa County, Silesian Voivodeship, in southern Poland. It lies approximately west of Poczesna, south of Częstochowa, and north of the regional capital Katowice.
References
Huta Stara A |
Powhatan W. Maxey (1810–1876) was an American Whig politician. He served as the Mayor of Nashville, Tennessee from 1843 to 1845.
Early life
Powhatan Woolridge Maxey was born on May 7, 1810. His parents were from Virginia, and he had six brothers and seven sisters.
Career
Maxey sat on the Nashville Board of Aldermen. From 1843 to 1845, He served as Mayor of Nashville. During his tenure, what was then known as Campbell's Hill was bought from George W. Campbell for $30,000 to build the new Tennessee State Capitol. He also served as a Justice of the Peace.
Personal life and death
Maxey married Julia Hobbs on October 18, 1832. They had six children. He attended McKendree Methodist Church and later, Hobson Chapel Methodist Church. He died on August 8, 1876, and he is buried in the Nashville City Cemetery.
References
1810 births
1876 deaths
Tennessee Whigs
19th-century American politicians
Mayors of Nashville, Tennessee |
Eggington House is the manor house of the village of Eggington situated near Leighton Buzzard, Bedfordshire, England. The house is regarded as a very fine example of late 17th century domestic architecture, and is a Grade II* listed building. At the time of its construction in 1696 it was completely up to date and innovative in its design - which was unusual in the provinces, where architectural styles usually lagged behind that of the larger cities.
This small mansion, built for a Huguenot from Montauban in France, a Merchant taylor John Renouille who became Sheriff of Bedfordshire. The house is of red brick. The main facade is of seven bays of classical sash windows and three storeys high. The roof line is concealed by a panelled parapet decorated with urns. The interior contains a staircase with twisted balusters.
The house has had a varied ownership, the Renouille family anglicised their name to Reynal moved to nearby Hockliffe Grange and let Eggington. The last of the Reynal's predeceased his wife, who remarried which caused to the property to pass to her new husband named Francis Moore. By 1840 Eggington House belonged to a family called Adams. Later, circa 1900, it belonged to a family called Hodgson who frequently entertained the suffragette Sylvia Pankhurst. During World War I the house was requisitioned by the Army. From 1950 to 1976 it was the home of Sir Gilbert Inglefield, the 1967 Lord Mayor of London, and his wife. It was then the residence of Lord Slynn of Hadley and his wife.
Today, the house remains in private ownership.
The Reynal family
John Reynal built Egglington House in 1696. He was a Huguenot from Montauban in France and became a prosperous tailor in London. In 1697 he married Mary Magdalen Marlett in London. They lived in the house for over twenty years and then in 1718 they bought Hockliffe and the family moved to this property and Egglington house was rented by many notable tenants.
John Reynal died in 1737 at St Andrews Holborn which was another property owned by him and is buried at Hockliffe Church with his wife Mary Magdalen who died in 1735. He left the house to his son John James Reynal (1714-1762) who became a barrister. He married Sarah Weale in 1737 and their eldest son John Sayer Weale Reynal inherited the house in 1762 when his father died.
John Sayer Weale Reynal (1749-1784) was born in 1749. In 1777 he became High Sheriff of Bedfordshire. He married Sarah Millard (1749-1835) who was the daughter of Collins Millard from Leighton Buzzard. Unfortunately John died in 1784 at the age of 35. He left his property to Sarah and in 1785 she married the widower Colonel Francis Moore (1747-1810) who was a wealthy landowner from Aspley Guise. He built Moore Place in Aspley Guise in 1786 which still exists today. He died in 1810 and Sarah died in 1835. In her Will Sarah left Egglington House and the other property she had inherited from the Reynal family to her nephew Millard Adams.
Millard Adams (1792- 1871) was the son of William Adams and Sarah’s sister Mary Millard. When he died in 1871 his son John Warner Adams (1822-1903) inherited the house. When he died in 1903 he was described as one of the largest landowners in Bedfordshire. His son John James Reynal Adams (1848-1909) inherited his property. He did not marry and had no children but when he died in 1909 he left a trust which provided for his housekeeper Mrs Sarah Ann Mann. He stated that he did this “in grateful recognition of her many kindnesses to him and of her long residence with his family and particularly of her attention to his father in his illness and his infirmity." When she died he stated the estate was to go to Groom Cooper Bunker (1857-1932). This did occur when Mrs Mann died in 1925.
John and Joan Hodgson
John and Joan Hodgson lived at Eggington House between 1918 and 1936. During that time Sylvia Pankhurst, the famous suffragette made frequent visits to the house. Pankhurst was a friend of Joan when they were both in the suffragette movement. At that time her maiden name was Miss Joan Wickham and she was for some time the Secretary of Sylvia’s famous mother Emmeline Pankhurst. In 1913 she organised Emmeline Pankhurst’s tour of the US and received a great deal of publicity for her work.
Joan was born Alice Joan Wickham in 1888 in London. Her father was Lieutenant Colonel Henry Wickham and her mother was Lady Ethelreda Caroline Gordon who was the daughter of Charles Gordon, Marquess of Huntly. Joan spent much of her childhood living at Barnwell Castle and later Cotterstock Hall.
In 1918 she married John Lawrence Hodgson who was a civil and electrical engineer. Immediately after their marriage the couple moved into Egglington House. Here they held numerous house parties. Besides Sylvia Pankhurst they entertained other notable people. One of these was Sir Albert Richardson, a leading architect who lived in Avenue House in Ampthill. In his biography his visits to Eggington House are mentioned. The house is described in the following terms.
“Eggington was tall and Queen Anne, three storeys of white sash windows looked out on to a carriage sweep and lavender-filled gardens, it deserved the high praise that John Hodgson had bestowed on it. The Hodgsons became firm friends and the visits between Ampthill and Eggington were frequent.”
John Hodgson died in 1936 and Joan moved from Eggington House. She died 30 years later in Eton, Berkshire.
References
Nikolaus Pevsner, Bedfordshire, Huntingdon, and Peterborough, Penguin Books (Buildings of England), 1974, .
Grade II* listed buildings in Bedfordshire
Country houses in Bedfordshire |
Muriel Rose Phillips (January 12, 1921 – June 30, 2022) was an American military veteran, writer, and public speaker who was widely recognised for her service as a United States Army nurse during World War II.
Wartime service
Enlistment
Phillips was in her final year of nurse training at Cambridge Hospital in Cambridge, Massachusetts, when Pearl Harbor was bombed. Immediately after finishing her training, Phillips enlisted in the armed services as an army nurse. Her army training at Fort Devens, Massachusetts, was even more rigorous than nursing training: she endured hours of drills, 15-mile hikes, classroom study of diseases, and crawling under live ammunition.
Deployment
Phillips was deployed for Great Britain, and served in Wales for six months. After this, her assignment was moved to the English Channel to care for those wounded after the invasion of Normandy. The mission of Phillips's unit was to set up a tent hospital outside of Liége, Belgium to treat Allied soldiers. Work in a field tent was difficult at best. The nurses worked without running water or electricity, and the dirt floors of the tents often turned to mud.
After a month at Liége, the Germans began a bombing campaign to destroy railroad tracks nearby. Bombs came roughly every fifteen minutes for two straight months, sometimes falling on parts of the tent hospital. Despite the horrors of work on the battlefield, Phillips got much satisfaction from treating the GIs.
The Battle of the Bulge
In December 1944, with the Battle of the Bulge, the hospital became even more crowded and busy. Phillips's hospital was one of the closest to the fighting lines. The oncoming German forces were particularly threatening for Phillips, as she was Jewish. On Christmas Eve, the Germans were only ten miles from Liége, and the hospital began the evacuation procedure. The hospital where Phillips worked was specifically targeted, and many servicemen and women died due to German antipersonnel bombs. Phillips survived the Battle of the Bulge, and the war ended months later.
After the war
Phillips and the entire hospital unit were awarded a European Theater ribbon and medal for their service, as well as three battle stars. Phillips was finally discharged in January 1946 as a first lieutenant.
In 2008, Phillips published her memoirs, Mission Accomplished: Stop the Clock which included eleven chapters dedicated to her wartime experiences.
Phillips was awarded the Legion of Honour, France's highest honor. Her husband, Melvin Engelman, predeceased her in 2020, aged 99. Phillips died in Laguna Woods, California, in June 2022, at the age of 101. Her death was announced nearly a month later.
References
1921 births
2022 deaths
People from Meriden, Connecticut
Military personnel from Connecticut
Writers from Connecticut
21st-century American women
Female United States Army nurses in World War II
Recipients of the Legion of Honour
American centenarians
Women centenarians |
Ahmad Haziq bin Ahmad Puad (born 26 May 1993) is a Malaysian footballer who plays as a centre-back or wing-back for Malaysia Super League club Penang, on loan from Perak.
Club career
Kelantan
On 22 May 2018, Haziq signed a six-month contract with Malaysia Super League side Kelantan.
Career statistics
Club
References
External links
1993 births
Living people
Sime Darby F.C. players
UiTM United players
MOF F.C. players
Kuantan FA players
Kelantan F.C. players
Malaysian men's footballers
Malaysian people of Malay descent
Men's association football defenders
Footballers from Kedah
People from Alor Setar
Malaysia Super League players |
Bernard Morris Leon Ernst (March 17, 1879 – November 28, 1938) most well known as Bernard M. L. Ernst was an American lawyer, magician and associate of Harry Houdini.
Career
Ernst was born in Uniontown, Alabama. He received his LL.B from Columbia University in 1905. He began working as a lawyer for a firm in Boston in 1909, he also worked on the legal counsel for the Eastern Massachusetts Street Railway. In the 1930s he was a council member of the Metropolitan League of Jewish Community Associations in New York City.
Personal life
He married Roberta C. Claus on 4 August, 1908. Ernst was Jewish. He was a member of many organizations including the American Bar Association, New York County Lawyers' Association, Phi Delta Theta, National Vaudeville Artists Association, American Society for Psychical Research and the International Brotherhood of Magicians. His son, Richard C. Ernst, married Susan Bloomingdale, daughter of Samuel Bloomingdale.
Magic
Ernst took interest in magic and became the personal attorney for the magician Harry Houdini and the legal representative of his estate. Ernst had lectured on Houdini and magic at Columbia University. He managed the correspondence and private papers for Houdini, he also collected magic memorabilia. In 1926, he succeeded Houdini as President of the Society of American Magicians.
His son Richard Charles Ernst (1915-1984) was given his father's memorabilia which he made available for Houdini biographers
Publications
Preface to Walter B. Gibson Houdini's Escapes and Magic (1930)
Houdini and Conan Doyle: The Story of a Strange Friendship (with Hereward Carrington) (1932)
Houdini's Magic (with Walter Brown Gibson) (1932)
Preface to Royal Vale Heath Mathemagic: Magic, Puzzles and Games with Numbers (1933)
References
External links
Former home of Bernard Ernst sold
1879 births
1938 deaths
American lawyers
American magicians
Historians of magic
People from Uniontown, Alabama
Harry Houdini
Columbia Law School alumni |
The 2021 LendingTree Bowl was a college football bowl game played on December 18, 2021, and televised on ESPN. It was the 23rd edition of the LendingTree Bowl, and was one of the 2021–22 bowl games concluding the 2021 FBS football season. Online lending marketplace LendingTree was the game's title sponsor. This was the first LendingTree bowl to be played at Hancock Whitney Stadium, following 22 editions at Ladd–Peebles Stadium.
Originally scheduled to kickoff at 5:45 p.m. EST (4:45 p.m. local CST), the start of the game was pushed back 15 minutes due to local weather conditions. Liberty defeated Eastern Michigan, 56–20, to claim their third consecutive bowl victory.
Teams
This will be the second meeting between Eastern Michigan and Liberty; the Flames defeated the Eagles (then known as the Hurons), 25–24, in Ypsilanti, Michigan, on October 14, 1989.
Liberty Flames
Eastern Michigan Eagles
Game summary
Statistics
References
External links
Game statistics at statbroadcast.com
LendingTree Bowl
68 Ventures Bowl
Eastern Michigan Eagles football bowl games
Liberty Flames football bowl games
LendingTree Bowl
LendingTree Bowl |
Mahovnik (; in older sources also Mošvald; , in older sources also Moschwald) is a settlement on the left bank of the Rinža River, immediately northwest of the town of Kočevje in southern Slovenia. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region.
History
Mahovnik was the first settlement in Gottschee attested in written sources. It was named in a letter from Patriarch Bertram to Count Oton von Ortenburg on 1 September 1339. At the time, it also included the territory of present-day Kočevje, which was still unnamed. In 1574 the settlement had 20 half-farms and one tenant farmer. The settlement was the first point of arrival for Gottschee German settlers in the area in the 14th century. The ethnically German settlers were evicted in 1941, after which the settlement was repopulated by arrivals from other parts of Slovenia.
Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Mahovnik include:
Meta Koren, journalist and translator (1911–?)
References
External links
Mahovnik on Geopedia
Pre–World War II map of Mahovnik with oeconyms and family names
Populated places in the Municipality of Kočevje |
The 2014 AFF Championship, sponsored by Suzuki and officially known as the 2014 AFF Suzuki Cup, was the 10th edition of the AFF Championship, an international association football competition consisting of national teams of member nations of the ASEAN Football Federation (AFF).
Co-hosting rights to the group stages were awarded to Singapore and Vietnam with matches held from 22 November to 20 December 2014. Meanwhile, Malaysia, the Philippines and Thailand also hosted knockout stage matches, as their teams advanced to the semi-finals with Vietnam.
Singapore were the defending champions, but were eliminated in the group stage. Thailand won the tournament 4–3 in a two-legged final against Malaysia, with manager Kiatisuk Senamuang being the first coach to win the competition also as a player.
Hosts
Singapore and Vietnam were announced as co-hosts of the group stage by the AFF Council on 3 April 2013. Initially the Philippines and Indonesia were also considered as possible co-hosts.
Venues
Qualification
Qualification was to have been scrapped for this edition of the tournament, but at the AFF Council Meeting in Naypyidaw, Myanmar in December 2013, it was decided that the qualifying round would be retained, and Laos were awarded the hosting rights. It was to involve the five lower ranked teams in the region, with games taking place between 12–20 October 2014.
In August 2013, Football Federation Australia became a full member of the AFF, thus making them eligible to compete in the ASEAN Football Championship starting with this edition of the tournament. However, Australia had no plans to compete against lower-ranked teams in AFF Championship and that they would continue to play in future editions of the EAFF East Asian Cup.
Qualified teams
The following eight teams qualified for the tournament.
Draw
The draw for the tournament was held on 5 August 2014 in Hanoi, Vietnam.
Squads
Final tournament
Group stage
Tie-breaking criteria
Ranking in each group shall be determine as follows:
Greater number of points obtained in all the group matches;
Goal difference in all the group matches;
Greater number of goals scored in all the group matches.
If two or more teams are equal on the basis on the above three criteria, the place shall be determined as follows:
Result of the direct match between the teams in question;
Penalty shoot-out if only two teams were tied and they met in the last round of the group;
Drawing lots by the Organising Committee.
Group A
All matches were played in Vietnam.
Times listed are local (UTC+7)
Group B
All matches were played in Singapore.
Times listed are local (UTC+8)
Due to problems with the pitch at the Singapore National Stadium, the ASEAN Football Federation have decided on using a second venue, the Jalan Besar Stadium, for Group B matches.
Notes
Knockout stage
Semi-finals
First Leg
Second Leg
Thailand won 3–0 on aggregate.
Malaysia won 5–4 on aggregate.
Finals
First Leg
Second Leg
Thailand won 4–3 on aggregate.
Statistics
Winners
Awards
Discipline
In the final tournament, a player was suspended for the subsequent match in the competition for either getting a red card, or accumulating two yellow cards in two different matches.
*Players who received a card during the final are not included here.
Goalscorers
Team statistics
This table will show the ranking of teams throughout the tournament.
Media coverage
Incidents and controversies
During a group match between Singapore and Malaysia at the Singapore National Stadium, irate Singaporean fans began throwing bottles of water and toilet rolls on the pitch and players gate tunnel at the end of the match due to what was seen as awful decision-making by Oman referee Ahmed Al-Kaf, who awarded the Malaysian side a penalty kick resulting in an advantage for them.
Other incidents occurred soon during the first semi-final between Malaysia and Vietnam in Shah Alam Stadium, where some of the Malaysian fans were seen pointing green laser lights on the field, as recorded on the match video in television camera. The laser incident is a continuation from Malaysian hooligans, as it also happened during the previous edition of AFF Championship semi-final against Vietnam and in the final against Indonesia in 2010.
At the end of Malaysia 1–2 loss to Vietnam, some Malaysian hooligan fans began attacking Vietnamese fans, resulting in injuries. The hooligans rushed to assault Vietnamese fans, who tried to flee and had no intention of fighting back. Bottles, smoke bombs and other dangerous objects continued to get thrown even after the Royal Malaysia Police arrived at the scene to quell the scuffles. This was heavily criticised by the Vietnamese side for the rioting shown by some of the Malaysian supporters. As a result, the website of the Football Association of Malaysia (FAM) had been hacked in a denial of service attack, perhaps from Vietnam. Other Malaysian supporters together with the Malaysia Minister of Youth and Sports, Khairy Jamaluddin condemn the hooligan fans attitude and has offer their apologies to all Vietnamese fans, adding that five of the perpetrators had been arrested. Another nine people's was arrested for the same offence between 11–12 December.
The Philippines team received a death threat before their 2nd semi-final match against Thailand. Sources say the threat has something to do with the scuffle during 1st leg between Filipino defender Amani Aguinaldo and Thai striker Adisak Kraisorn, which led to Adisak being red-carded and suspended for the 2nd leg.
In the semi-final between Malaysia and Vietnam, the Vietnam had won the first-leg in Malaysia with a 2–1 score. However, in the second-leg played in Hanoi, Vietnam lost 2–4, thus losing 4–5 on aggregate with Malaysia advancing to the finals. After that defeat, the Vietnam Football Federation (VFF) launched a probe into the defeat, citing potential match-fixing due to the seemingly apathetic performance of the players compared to the first-leg. However, the AFF said that the match was not fixed and went on to say that through Swiss-based sports integrity specialist Sportradar, no unusual betting had taken place during the match.
References
External links
Tournament Website The Official Tournament Website
ASEAN Football Federation The Official Federation Website
AFF Championship tournaments
AFF Championship
AFF Championship
AFF Championship
2014
2014 |
Thulasiypattinam also spelt Thulajapattinam in the records of British India. This village is governed by Vanduvanchery Panchayat coming in Vedaranyam Taluk, Nagapattinam District of Tamil Nadu, India. Vedaranyam is the revenue headquarters of this village, located on the route of Vedaranyam to Muthupettai and this is surrounded by two towns namely Thiruthuraipoondi and Vedaranyam. A delta river (Valavanaru) running west side of this village. Hindu and Muslims are the majority people residing in this village.
References
Villages in Nagapattinam district
Nagapattinam district |
"The Historical Praise of Reason" (original French title: "Éloge historique de la Raison") is a panegyric in the form of a biography, written by the philosopher Voltaire in 1774.
Synopsis
This fable in the form of a panegyric tells the story of the allegorical figure of Reason, who, after hiding in a well for years, finally emerges and realizes that her reign may have returned.
External links
English translation by Adi. S Bharat in 'Pusteblume' journal of translation.
"Éloge historique de la Raison" (in French). Wikisource.
"Éloge historique de la Raison" audiobook
Works by Voltaire
Panegyrics |
Government Plaza is a building complex in Binghamton, New York containing the offices for the City of Binghamton, Broome County and New York State. The complex is located in Downtown Binghamton on the block bounded by State, Hawley, Isbell and Susquehanna streets. It was constructed as part of a massive urban renewal plan in Binghamton through the late 1960s and early 1970s.
Government Plaza is composed of three buildings which come together to form a U-shaped complex:
the towering 18-story State Office Building, which is the tallest building in the Southern Tier region of New York
the Edwin L. Crawford County Office Building, which forms the east-wing of the complex
Binghamton City Hall, which forms the west-wing.
The complex includes an underground two-level parking structure. An elevated plaza that originally led to the second-story lobby of the State Office Building was torn down in the mid-1990s due to deterioration and increasing maintenance costs.
State Office Building contamination
The State Office Building is infamous for a fire that took place on February 5, 1981. A transformer explosion in the basement of the building spewed soot containing toxic PCBs throughout the entire building. While initially expected to only take days to reopen, the cleanup effort revealed the difficulty of removing PCB residue. The building remained closed until October 11, 1994. Multiple environmental samples taken throughout the cleanup had illustrated that despite their best efforts, workers had been unable to remove the residue, leading to several complete decontamination procedures within the building. The duration of the cleanup, combined with the uncertainty of the final effectiveness of the cleanup, led many workers to question whether the building was safe enough for reoccupation. While the initial cost of constructing the building in 1972 was $17 million, the cleanup efforts cost $53 million.
References
Buildings and structures in Binghamton, New York
Government buildings completed in 1972
Skyscraper office buildings in New York (state) |
The Oaths Act, 1873, was a statute passed by the Parliament of Canada in 1873 which authorized any committee of the Senate or House of Commons to examine witnesses under oath.
The enactment was subsequently disallowed by the government of the United Kingdom as it was deemed ultra vires. The Oaths Act, 1873 is the only instance of an enactment of Canadian Parliament to be disallowed by the government of the United Kingdom.
Background
Pacific Sandal
The Pacific Scandal was a political scandal in 1870s Canada involving bribes accepted by 150 members of the Conservative government in the attempts of private interests to influence the bidding for a national rail contract.
Prime Minister John A. Macdonald had hoped to award the charter for the Canadian Pacific Railway in early 1872, but negotiations dragged on between the government and the financiers. Macdonald's government awarded the group led by Hugh Allan the charter in late 1872. In 1873, when Parliament opened, Liberal member of parliament Lucius Seth Huntington charged that government ministers had been bribed with large, undisclosed political contributions to award the charter. Documents soon came to light which substantiated what came to be known as the Pacific Scandal. The Allan-led financiers, who were secretly backed by the United States's Northern Pacific Railway, had donated to the Conservative Party election funds, they had received the charter, and Opposition newspapers began to publish telegrams signed by government ministers requesting large sums from the railway interest at the time the charter was under consideration. Macdonald had taken in contributions from the railway interest himself. Substantial sums went to George-Étienne Cartier, who waged an expensive fight to try to retain his seat in Montreal East (he was defeated, but was subsequently returned for the Manitoba seat of Provencher). During the campaign Cartier had fallen ill with Bright's disease, which may have been causing his judgment to lapse; he died in May 1873 while seeking treatment in London.
Before Cartier's death, Macdonald attempted to use delay to extricate the government. The Opposition responded by leaking documents to friendly newspapers. On July 18, three papers published a telegram dated August 1872 from Macdonald requesting another $10,000 and promising "it will be the last time of asking". Macdonald was able to get a prorogation of Parliament in August by appointing a Royal Commission to look into the matter.
Liberal member of the House of Commons for Shefford Lucius Seth Huntington put forward a motion to form a parliamentary committee to investigate the Pacific Scandal, and gave a slow outline of his charges in the house. Historian Donald Creighton describes Huntington's speech as an inflammatory, and designed to provoke conservative ministers into debate, which was unsuccessful as Macdonald made no statements and required silenced from his party. Huntington's motion was regarded by the house as a confidence vote and was rejected by the Conservative-dominated house 76—107. Macdonald relented and appointed a five-member committee to investigate the allegations the next day, with conservative member of the House of Commons for Cardwell John Hillyard Cameron appointed to chair the committee investigating the Pacific Scandal. Cameron himself had received $5,000 from Allan to finance his campaign in the 1872 election, and was regarded with suspicion by the Liberal members of parliament. The two other conservative members were Joseph-Goderic Blanchet and James McDonald, and the liberal members were Edward Blake and Antoine-Aimé Dorion.
Provisions
The Oaths Act was introduced, and given its first reading in the 2nd Parliament on April 18, 1873, by John Hillyard Cameron. The bill was quickly passed the House of Commons with the second and third readings occurring days later on April 21. The bill subsequently passed the Senate without amendment a few days later on April 29. Governor General Frederick Temple Blackwood provided royal assent on May 3, 1873.
The Oaths Act was short and included only four sections. The first section permitted a committee of the Senate or House of Commons to examine a witness under oath. The second section permitted the oath to be administered by the chairman of the committee. The third section provided that a witness who provided false evidence was subject to the penalties of perjury. The fourth section provided the text of the oath.
Section 4: The oath or affirmation aforesaid shall be in the following form: "The evidence you shall give on this examination shall be the truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth. So help you God."
Disallowance
Following the passage of the Oaths Act on April 30, 1873, in his role as minister of justice, John A. Macdonald wrote the government of the United Kingdom noting the bill had been passed and questioned whether Parliament had the authority to pass such a bill. Macdonald stated his conclusion "...although not without doubt, that this bill is not within the competency or jurisdiction of the Canadian Parliament". Governor General Lord Dufferin also provided noted his concern over the bill, but noted he chose to provide royal assent based on the precedent of a previous bill passed in 1868 which provided the authority for the Senate to question witnesses at the bar, which was not a power granted to the British House of Commons. Dufferin felt he could not withhold royal assent with the previous precedent in place, and he also noted the immense controversy of the Pacific Scandal on the Macdonald government and their willingness to pass the Act. Dufferin also sought an opinion from parliamentary scholar Alpheus Todd, which assured him Canadian Parliament had the authority to pass the Oaths Act.
In his response Secretary of State for the Colonies Earl Kimberley, noted that he had sought legal advice and found the Oaths Act ultra vires of the British North America Act, 1867, and recommended the disallowance of the enactment, which occurred on July 1, 1873. Earl Kimberley also noted the Act passed in 1868 which provided the Senate with the authority to question witnesses at the bar "escaped observation" and should have been disallowed, but noted those provisions are inoperative as they are repugnant of the provisions of the British North America Act, 1867.
Aftermath
Macdonald government
When Parliament reconvened in late October 1873, the Liberals, feeling Macdonald could be defeated over the issue, applied immense pressure to wavering members. On November 3, Macdonald rose in the Commons to defend the government, and according to one of his biographers, P. B. Waite, he gave "the speech of his life, and, in a sense, for his life". He began his speech at 9 p.m., looking frail and ill, an appearance which quickly improved. As he spoke, he consumed numerous glasses of gin and water. He denied that there had been a corrupt bargain, and stated that such contributions were common to both political parties. After five hours, Macdonald concluded,
I leave it with this House with every confidence. I am equal to either fortune. I can see past the decision of this House either for or against me, but whether it be against me or for me, I know, and it is no vain boast to say so, for even my enemies will admit that I am no boaster, that there does not exist in Canada a man who has given more of his time, more of his heart, more of his wealth, or more of his intellect and power, as it may be, for the good of this Dominion of Canada.
Macdonald's speech was seen as a personal triumph, but it did little to salvage the fortunes of his government. With eroding support both in the Commons and among the public, Macdonald went to the Governor General, Lord Dufferin on November 5, and resigned; Liberal leader Alexander Mackenzie became the second prime minister of Canada. He is not known to have spoken of the events of the Pacific Scandal again.
On November 6, 1873, Macdonald offered his resignation as party leader to his caucus; it was refused. Mackenzie called an election for January 1874; the Conservatives were reduced to 70 seats out of the 206 in the Commons, giving Mackenzie a massive majority. The Conservatives bested the Liberals only in British Columbia; Mackenzie had called the terms by which the province had joined Confederation "impossible". Macdonald was returned in Kingston but was unseated on an election contest when bribery was proven; he won the ensuing by-election by 17 votes. According to Swainson, most observers viewed Macdonald as finished in politics, "a used-up and dishonoured man".
Disallowance of legislation in Canada
Section 18 of the British North America Act was subsequently amended by the Parliament of the United Kingdom with the Parliament of Canada Act, 1875. Canadian Parliament was provided with the same privileges afforded the Parliament of the United Kingdom, including the authority to examine witnesses under oath. The Canadian Parliament subsequently passed a new Oaths Act in 1875.
Political scientist Andrew Heard argues that disallowance of federal law has been effectively forbidden by constitutional convention in Canada since 1942 when the Governor General was no longer permitted to forward Acts of Canadian Parliament to the government of the United Kingdom. As the Constitution Act provides the government of the United Kingdom with two years to disallow an enactment upon receipt of an official copy of the legislation, an Act of Canadian Parliament cannot be disallowed under section 56 as it can not be received by the British government. This constitutional convention was reinforced with the Letters Patent, 1947, removing the Governor General's responsibility to forward official copies of legislation to the government of the United Kingdom, and the subsequent repeal of The Publication of Statutes Act.
See also
Disallowance and reservation in Canada
References
Bibliography
Primary Sources
External links
Canadian federal legislation
Legal history of Canada
1873 in Canadian law |
SS Testbank was a British cargo steamship that was built in England in 1937 and sunk with heavy loss of life in the air raid on Bari in December 1943. She was the first of two Bank Line cargo ships to be called Testbank. The second was a motor ship that was built in 1961, sold and renamed in 1978, and scrapped in 1987.
Building
In 1937 and 1938 John Readhead & Sons built three sister ships in their shipyard at South Shields on the River Tyne for Bank Line. Tielbank was yard number 509, launched in June 1937 and completed that August. Testbank was yard number 510, launched on 6 September 1937 and completed that November. Teviotbank was yard number 511, launched in December 1937 and completed in February 1938.
Testbanks registered length was , her beam was and her depth was . Her tonnages were and . She had a single screw, driven by a three-cylinder triple-expansion steam engine that was rated at 524 NHP and gave her a speed of .
On 6 November 1937, John Readhead & Sons delivered Testbank to Bank Line, who registered her at Glasgow. Her UK official number was 165919 and her wireless telegraph call sign was GDDZ.
War service
Testbank tramped in the Second World War. On 10 September 1939 she left Brisbane for Sydney. She called Melbourne, Newcastle, NSW, and again at Sydney, where she left for Britain on 22 October. She sailed via Colombo, the Suez Canal and Gibraltar, where she joined Convoy HG 10 bound for home waters. Testbank was carrying a cargo of air raid shelters. She arrived in Newport, Wales, on 17 December.
On 31 December 1939 Testbank left Newport for Milford Haven, where she arrived on New Year's Day 1940. The next day she left to join Convoy OB 64, which dispersed in the Atlantic on 5 December. Testbank sailed via the Panama Canal and Esquimalt to Vancouver, where she was in port from 13 to 19 February. She called at Chemainus and Victoria, BC, whence she sailed on 24 February to return home. She sailed via the Panama Canal to Halifax, Nova Scotia, where she joined Convoy HX 30 bound for home waters. She was carrying a cargo of grain, lead and timber. She reached The Downs off the Kent coast on 9 April.
Testbank began her next voyage by joining Convoy OA 139, which assembled off Southend-on-Sea and sailed on 1 May 1940. OA 139 dispersed at sea, and Testbank continued to Barry in Wales. On 13 May she left Barry for Milford Haven, where she oeft on 14 May to join Convoy OB 148. This became Convoy OG 30F, which took her as far as Gibraltar. She continued independently to Bône in Algeria, where she was in port from 26 May to 2 June, during the Battle of France. She returned via Gibraltar, where she joined Convoy HG 33F for home waters. She detached from HG 33F, and reached The Downs on 13 June. The next day she joined Convoy FN 195B off Southend, which was headed for Methil on the Firth of Forth.
On 26 June 1940 Testbank left the River Tyne with Convoy FS 205 to waters off Southend, where she joined outward bound Convoy OA 176. This dispersed at sea, after which Testbank continued unescorted to Durban and Cape Town, reaching the latter on 7 August 1940.
Collision with Ceramic
The next day Testbank left Cape Town, but on 11 August she collided with the Shaw, Savill & Albion liner . Under wartime conditions, both ships were sailing without navigation lights. Testbanks lookout saw Ceramic ahead at a range of about , but Ceramics lookout failed to see Testbank until the two ships were within about of each other. Both ships took avoiding action, but too late.
The combined impact speed was about . Testbank struck Ceramics starboard side in way of her Number 1 hold, crushing Testbanks bow by about , and making a hole about in Ceramics hull. Unusually for a ship of her era, Testbank had her crew accommodation in her aftercastle instead of her forecastle. This saved the men's lives. Testbank returned to Cape Town for repairs, and a tug helped Ceramic to reach Walvis Bay.
Return to service
On 3 March 1941 Testbank left Cape Town for Durban. She called at Lourenço Marques and Beira in Mozambique, and then returned via Cape Town and Freetown in Sierra Leone, where she joined Convoy SL 72. On 11 May a German aircraft attacked SL 72, sinking the refrigerated cargo ship Somerset. Testbank and the remainder of SL 72 reached Liverpool on 14 June.
On 8 June 1941 Testbank left Liverpool with Convoy OB 331, which dispersed at sea on 19 June. She continued unescorted to Tampa, where she was in port from 30 June to 14 July, loading phosphate. She returned unescorted as far as Halifax, NS, where she joined Convoy HX 140, with which she reached Liverpool on 6 August 1941.
On 12 August 1941Testbank left Liverpool with Convoy OS 6, which took her as far as waters off Freetown. She continued unescorted via Cape Town, Durban, Aden and the Suez Canal to Alexandria in Egypt, where she was in port from 2 to 22 December. Thence she went back through the Suez Canal to Calcutta, where she was in port from 15 to 30 January 1942. She returned home via Vizag, Durban, Cape Town and Freetown, where she joined Convoy SL 104. She reached Belfast Lough on 12 April, where she joined Convoy BB 161 to Milford Haven. There she joined Convoy WP 142 to The Solent, and arrived at Southampton on 18 April.
On 25 April 1942 Testbank left Cowes Roads with Convoy PW 146, which was headed for Milford Haven. She continued independently to Newport, where she was in port from 27 April to 18 May. She then returned to Milford Haven, whence she joined Convoy OS 29, which took her as far as Freetown. Testbank continued via Cape Town, Durban and Aden to Suez, and thence via Aden again to Basra in Iraq, where she was in port from 12 September until 1 October. She then sailed to Bandar Abbas in Iran, where she joined Convoy PB 4. This was headed for Bombay, but Testbank detached for Karachi, and then continued via Colombo and Vizag to Calcutta, where she was in port from 22 October until 3 November.
Rescue of Dona Aurora survivors
From Calcutta, Testbank sailed via Vizag and Durban to Trinidad. While crossing the South Atlantic she rescued 50 survivors of the US cargo ship Dona Aurora, which an Italian submarine had sunk on Christmas Day. In Trinidad she joined Convoy TAG 35 to Guantánamo in Cuba. Thence Convoy GN 35 took her to New York, where she joined Convoy HX 224 to home waters. She detached from HX 224 to reach Loch Ewe, where she joined Convoy WN 392, which took her around the north of Scotland to Methil. There she joined southbound Convoy FS 1034, from which she detached to reach Hull on 10 February 1943.
Final voyage
On 2 March 1943 Testbank left Immingham to join northbound Convoy FN 958, which took her to Methil. There she joined Convoy EN 202, which took her to Loch Ewe. She continued to the Firth of Clyde, where she joined Convoy KMS 11G. This took her to Gibraltar, where she joined Convoy TE 20. She detached from TE 20 to reach Algiers, where she seems to have been in port from 3 to 17 April. She briefly joined Convoy ET 18, then called at Melilla, and continued to Gibraltar, where she joined Convoy MKS 12. On 4 May MKS 12 merged with Convoy SL 128 bound for Liverpool. Testbank detached in home waters, and reached Cardiff on 14 May.
Testbank sems to have been in Barry from 21 to 31 May 1943, and then sailed to Milford Haven, where she joined Convoy OS 49KM: a large convoy of 76 merchant ships and 13 escorts. This divided at sea, where Testbank became part of the even larger Convoy KMS 16, which comprised 121 merchant ships and 17 escorts. Ships in KMS 16 were bound for various Mediterranean ports. Testbank detached for Philippeville in Algeria, where she was in port from 19 to 26 June.
On 26 June 1943 Testbank left Philippeville to join Convoy XTG 2, which took her to Gibraltar. There she joined Convoy OS 51 to Freetown, where she joined Convoy SL 134. She detached from SL 134 and crossed the Atlantic independently to Vitória, Brazil, where she loaded iron ore. She left Vitória on 18 August 1943 and re-crossed the Atlantic to Dakar in Senegal, where she was in port from 30 August until 6 September. She joined Convoy SL 136, which on 14 September merged with Convoy MKS 24. The combined convoy reached Liverpool on 25 September.
On 27 October 1943 Testbank left Liverpool with Convoy OS 57, which was a large convoy of 78 ships and nine escorts. On 9 November it divided at sea, with one part forming Convoy KMS 31. Testbank continued with KMS 31 into the Mediterranean, where she detached to call at Augusta, Sicily from 16 to 17 November. She continued to Bari, where she arrived on 19 November with stores for the Allied campaign in Italy.
Loss
Testbank was still in Bari on 2 December. Dozens of Allied cargo ships were in port, and at night the harbour was illuminated to discharge supplies around the clock to supply Allied forces fighting the Battle of Monte Cassino. On the evening of 2 December, 105 German Junkers Ju 88 bomber aircraft attacked the port. Dozens of ships were hit. They included the Liberty ships John L. Motley, which was carrying ammunition, and , which was secretly carrying mustard gas, forbidden by the 1925 Geneva Protocol. A bunk petrol pipeline on one of the quays was severed and set on fire. Testbank was sunk, with the loss of 70 of her 75 crew and DEMS gunners.
References
Bibliography
External links
1937 ships
Maritime incidents in August 1940
Merchant ships of the United Kingdom
Ships built on the River Tyne
Ships sunk by aircraft during the air raid on Bari
Steamships of the United Kingdom
World War II merchant ships of the United Kingdom |
Ranomafana National Park is a national park in southeastern Madagascar, in the Haute Matsiatra and Vatovavy regions. It was established as Madagascar's fourth national park in 1991 following the rediscovery of the greater bamboo lemur (Hapalemur simus) and the discovery of the golden bamboo lemur (Hapalemur aureus) by the primatologist Dr. Patricia Wright.
The park protects more than 41,600 hectares (161 square miles) of tropical rainforest at elevations ranging from 800 to 1,200 m (2,645 to 3,937 ft) and is home to several rare species of plants and animals. It was later integrated into the UNESCO World Heritage Site Rainforests of the Atsinanana. The Centre ValBio research station is adjacent to the park and was created in 2003 by Stony Brook University for biodiversity research, community health and education, environmental arts, and reforestation.
The park's name is derived from the Malagasy words ("hot water") due to the hot springs in the nearby town of Ranomafana.
Fauna & Flora
The range of altitudes in the park produces a variety of forest types, including lowland rainforest and cloud forest. These forests support high levels of biodiversity. The park hosts 90 species of butterflies, 112 species of frogs, 22 species of lizards, 22 species of snake, and 118 species of birds, 30 of which are endemic to the park. Notable birds include ground rollers, blue vangas, short-legged ground rollers and brown mesites.
Scientific research
There are four main sites for scientific research. Talatakely is located within walking distance of Centre ValBio and is also accessible to tourists off of Route 25. Talatakely is the site of the original research camp and is one of the few locations in the park where Prolemur simus can be seen. The three remaining research sites (Vatoharanana, Valohoaka, and Mangevo) maintain bush camp facilities. In addition to these main sites, research has been conducted throughout the park.
Tourism
As with all national parks in Madagascar, a local guide is required for visitors entering the park. It has seven hiking trails that vary in length from 10 to 20 km (6.2 to 12.4 mi) and offer opportunities for birdwatching, viewing lemurs, and seeing waterfalls.
Talatakely has well-defined paths and stairs, although sturdy shoes should be worn as the path can be slippery when wet. Specialist guides can be arranged through Centre ValBio for excursions.
Kayaking or canoeing can also be arranged and a hot springs pool is located in Ranomafana.
Lodging
There is a private ecolodge administered by a private tourist operator at the entrance of the national park. There are also several hotels in Ranomafana village. Additionally, it is possible to camp at the campsite near the main road through the park or to find lodging at Centre ValBio, where most of the scientific research is based.
The park is northeast of Fianarantsoa and west of Mananjary. The park office is at the entrance to the village of Ambodiamontana, from the town of Ranomafana. The park is crossed by National Road 25 and National Road 45.
See also
List of national parks of Madagascar
Fauna of Madagascar
References
External links
www.parcs-madagascar.com
Protected areas established in 1991
National parks of Madagascar
Haute Matsiatra
Vatovavy
1991 establishments in Madagascar
Madagascar subhumid forests
Important Bird Areas of Madagascar |
4/10 may refer to:
April 10 (month-day date notation)
October 4 (day-month date notation)
The fraction 2/5, written in tenths
See also
2/5 (disambiguation)
10/4 (disambiguation)
410 (disambiguation) |
Seán Dempsey is an Irish Gaelic football manager, coach, selector and former player. He played at minor, under-21 and senior level for the Laois county team. Dempsey later managed Laois at minor, under-21 and senior level and has been involved with the St Joseph's club, as well as several clubs in other counties (e.g. Dublin, Offaly).
Early life
Born to Jack Dempsey (originally from Laois) and Annie Spain (originally from County Offaly), Dempsey is one of seven children: the others are Martin, Michael, P. J., Betty (Moore), Margaret (Farrelly) and Ann (Smith), all of whom have links with the St Joseph's club.
Playing career
As a player, Dempsey was a member of the St Joseph's club, winning four Laois Senior Football Championship titles with them.
After his minor football career, he graduated to become a member of the Laois under-21 and senior football panels, playing alongside his brothers Martin and Mick for a number of years.
Post-playing career
Dempsey was Laois GAA's Football Officer from 1997 until 2007. He was chairman of the Leinster Provincial Council Football Committee between 2009 and 2014.
During his spell with Laois minors he coached the underage teams. Dempsey led the team to the 2003 All-Ireland Minor Football Championship title and to the 2004 Leinster Minor Football Championship title.
He was selector under Val Andrews when Leinster won consecutive Railway Cup titles in 2005 and 2006.
He led Laois to successive Leinster Under-21 Football Championship titles in 2006 and 2007. He also led the team to an All-Ireland Under-21 Football Championship final appearance in 2007, where they were defeated by Cork.
Dempsey was appointed manager of the Laois senior team on the night of 15 September 2008. Despite a poor first season, with disciplinary problems surfacing in the panel, Kildare knocking the team out of the Leinster Senior Football Championship and Down knocking the team out of the All-Ireland Senior Football Championship, Dempsey was unexpectedly retained as manager for one more year. After two relatively unsuccessful years in the position, he was relieved of the job in July 2010.
Dempsey was later confirmed as manager of Kildare GAA club Naas.
Dempsey was involved when Jack Sheedy managed Longford to promotion from Division 4 of the 2015 National Football League.
He managed Offaly GAA club Ferbane to an Offaly Senior Football Championship title in 2019.
In December 2020, he was named as manager of Dublin Senior Football Championship club Ballinteer St John's.
As of 2021, he was his club's coaching officer. He also managed the senior Laois ladies' county team.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Gaelic football coaches
Gaelic football managers
Gaelic football selectors
Gaelic games club administrators
Ladies' Gaelic football managers
Laois inter-county Gaelic footballers
Leinster GAA
Longford county football team
St Joseph's (Laois) Gaelic footballers |
Gregory Earl Boyd (born September 15, 1952) is a former American football defensive lineman who played nine seasons in the National Football League and one in the United States Football League. He has a Super Bowl ring from the 1984 San Francisco 49ers.
References
1952 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Merced, California
American football defensive ends
San Diego State Aztecs football players
New England Patriots players
Denver Broncos players
Green Bay Packers players
San Francisco 49ers players
Los Angeles Raiders players
Fresno City Rams football players
Players of American football from Fresno, California
Players of American football from Merced County, California |
The Battles of the Isonzo (known as the Isonzo Front by historians, ) were a series of twelve battles between the Austro-Hungarian and Italian armies in World War I mostly on the territory of present-day Slovenia, and the remainder in Italy along the Isonzo River on the eastern sector of the Italian Front between June 1915 and November 1917.
Italian military plans
In April 1915, in the secret Treaty of London, Italy was promised by the Allies some of the territories of Austro-Hungarian Empire which were mainly inhabited by ethnic Slovenes and Austrian Germans.
Italian commander Luigi Cadorna, a staunch proponent of the frontal assault who claimed the Western Front proved the ineffectiveness of machine guns, initially planned breaking onto the Slovenian plateau, taking Ljubljana and threatening Vienna. The area between the northernmost part of the Adriatic Sea and the sources of the Isonzo River thus became the scene of twelve successive battles.
As a result, the Austro-Hungarians were forced to move some of their forces from the Eastern Front and a war in the mountains around the Isonzo River began.
Geography
The sixty-mile long Soča River at the time ran entirely inside Austria-Hungary in parallel to the border with Italy, from the Vršič and Predil passes in the Julian Alps to the Adriatic Sea, widening dramatically a few kilometers north of Gorizia, thus opening a narrow corridor between Northern Italy and Central Europe, which goes through the Vipava Valley and the relatively low north-eastern edge of the Karst Plateau to Inner Carniola and Ljubljana. The corridor is also known as the "Ljubljana Gate".
By the autumn of 1915 one mile had been won by Italian troops, and by October 1917 a few Austro-Hungarian mountains and some square miles of land had changed hands several times. Italian troops did not reach the port of Trieste, the Italian General Luigi Cadorna's initial target, until after the Armistice.
Primary sector for Italian operations
With the rest of the mountainous length of the Front being almost everywhere dominated by Austro-Hungarian forces, the Soča (Isonzo) was the only practical area for Italian military operations during the war. The Austro-Hungarians had fortified the mountains ahead of the Italians' entry into the war on 23 May 1915.
Italian Chief of Staff Luigi Cadorna judged that Italian gains (from Gorizia to Trieste) were most feasible at the coastal plain east of the lower end of the Soča (Isonzo). However he also believed that the Italian army could strike further north and bypass the mountains on either side of the river so as to come at the Austro-Hungarian forces from the rear.
Cadorna had not expected operations in the Isonzo sector to be easy. He was well aware that the river was prone to flooding—and indeed there were record rainfalls during 1914–1918.
Further, when attacking further north the Italian army was faced with something of a dilemma: in order to cross the Isonzo safely it needed to neutralise the Austro-Hungarian defenders on the mountains above, yet to neutralise these forces the Italian forces needed first to cross the river—an obstacle that the Italians never succeeded in overcoming.
In the south (along the coastal zone) geographic peculiarities, including an array of ridges and valleys, also gave an advantage to the Austro-Hungarian defenders.
Casualties
Despite the huge effort and resources poured into the continuing Isonzo struggle, the results were invariably disappointing and without real tactical merit, particularly given the geographical difficulties that were inherent in the campaign.
Cumulative casualties of the numerous battles of the Isonzo were enormous. Half of the entire Italian war death total—some 300,000 of 600,000—were suffered along the Soča (Isonzo). Austro-Hungarian losses, while by no means as numerous, were nevertheless high at around 200,000 (of an overall total of around 1.2 million casualties).
More than 30,000 casualties were ethnic Slovenes, the majority of them being drafted into the Austro-Hungarian Army, while Slovene civilian inhabitants from the Gorizia and Gradisca region also suffered in many thousands because they were resettled in refugee camps where Slovene refugees were treated as state enemies in Italian refugee camps, where thousands died of malnutrition.
Number of battles
With almost continuous combat in the area, the precise number of battles forming the Isonzo campaign is debatable. Some historians have assigned distinct names to a couple of the Isonzo struggles, most notably at Kobarid (Caporetto or Karfreit) in October 1917, which would otherwise form the Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo.
The fact that the battles were always named after the Isonzo River, even in Italy, was considered by some a propaganda success for Austria-Hungary: it highlighted the repeated Italian failure to breach this landmark frontier of the Empire.
The Isonzo campaign comprised the following battles:
First Battle of the Isonzo – 23 June – 7 July 1915
Second Battle of the Isonzo – 18 July – 3 August 1915
Third Battle of the Isonzo – 18 October – 3 November 1915
Fourth Battle of the Isonzo – 10 November – 2 December 1915
Fifth Battle of the Isonzo – 9–17 March 1916
Sixth Battle of the Isonzo – 6–17 August 1916
Seventh Battle of the Isonzo – 14–17 September 1916
Eighth Battle of the Isonzo – 10–12 October 1916
Ninth Battle of the Isonzo – 1–4 November 1916
Tenth Battle of the Isonzo – 12 May – 8 June 1917
Eleventh Battle of the Isonzo – 19 August – 12 September 1917
Twelfth Battle of the Isonzo – 24 October – 7 November 1917, also known as the Battle of Caporetto
In media
Ernest Hemingway's A Farewell to Arms is partly during the events along this front.
Italian poet Giuseppe Ungaretti's autobiographical poem, "I Fiumi", was written about the Isonzo whilst he was stationed on the front.
Mark Helprin's A Soldier of the Great War refers to parts of the Isonzo campaign.
The twelfth battle is the subject of the novel Caporetto by the Swedish author F. J. Nordstedt, Stockholm 1972.
The Isonzo Front is the theme for the video game Isonzo by Blackmill Games.
References
Sources
External links
FirstWorldWar.Com The Battles of the Isonzo, 1915–17
FirstWorldWar.Com Battlefield Maps: Italian Front
11 battles at the Isonzo
The Walks of Peace in the Soča Region Foundation. The Foundation preserves, restores and presents the historical and cultural heritage of the First World War in the area of the Isonzo Front for the study, tourist and educational purposes.
The Kobarid Museum (in English)
Društvo Soška Fronta (in Slovene)
Pro Hereditate – extensive site (in English, Italian, and Slovene)
Interactive map with the extensive documentation with 360° Surround photography virtual tours
Rapporto Ufficiale. Published 1929–1974. 10 books - free access to the full texts (Italian))
Military history of Italy during World War I
Austria-Hungary in World War I
Military history of Slovenia |
Hamilton Hughes is a Fijian professional rugby league player who most recently played for the Concord-Burwood Wolves in the Ron Massey Cup.
Hughes is a Fijian international.
References
Living people
Fijian rugby league players
Fiji national rugby league team players
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Galden Jampaling Monastery () is a Buddhist monastery in Chamdo, Tibet, China. Each year on 16 March the temple celebrates The Butter Sculpture Festival with the spectacular "Guqing" God Dance
References
Bibliography
Buckley, Michael and Straus, Robert (1986): Tibet: a travel survival kit, Lonely Planet Publications. South Yarra, Victoria, Australia. .
Gruschke, Andreas (2004): Chamdo town in: The Cultural Monuments of Tibet’s Outer Provinces: Kham - vol. 1. The TAR part of Kham, White Lotus Press, Bangkok 2004, pp. 36–45.
Mayhew, Bradley and Kohn, Michael. (2005). Tibet. 6th Edition. Lonely Planet.
Buddhist monasteries in Tibet
Buddhist temples in Chamdo
Gelug monasteries and temples
Karub District |
A ryepeck (also rypeck and ripeck [Chambers Dictionary 11th edition p1367]) is a pole used to mark the ends of a punt race course. For a description of racing in punts and the use of ryepecks, see Thames Punting Club.
Racing |
Eupithecia olivacea is a moth in the family Geometridae first described by Taylor in 1906. It is found in North America from British Columbia south through Washington and Oregon to California.
The forewings are uniform olive brown. Adults are on wing from early March to April.
The larvae feed on Abies grandis, Abies amabilis, Abies lasiocarpa, Crataegus douglasii, Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca, Picea sitchensis and Tsuga heterophylla. They have a brown body and head and reach a length of about 20 mm when full grown. There are two morphs. Larvae can be found from April to June and pupation occurs from late June to July. The species overwinters in the pupal stage.
References
Moths described in 1906
olivacea
Moths of North America |
Richard "Richie" Daneault (born December 24, 1976, in Winnipeg, Manitoba) is a Canadian curler who resides in Quebec City, Quebec.
Career
Daneault first went to the brier in 2008 as a second on the Kerry Burtnyk team. Daneault's next major victory came when he won the 2012 Safeway Championship again as a second, but this time on the Rob Fowler team to represent Manitoba for the second time at the Tim Hortons Brier.
References
External links
1976 births
Living people
People from Carman, Manitoba
Curlers from Winnipeg
Canadian male curlers
Curlers from Quebec
Sportspeople from Quebec City
Canada Cup (curling) participants |
Angela and Jennifer Chun are Korean-American violinists and collaborative artists.
Biography
Angela and Jennifer Chun are Korean-American violinists and collaborative artists. They attended Juilliard School and have studied under Dorothy DeLay, Felix Galimir, and Nathan Milstein. They live and work in New York and London.As a duo, they first came on the music scene performing with the National Symphony Orchestra at the Kennedy center in Washington, D.C. Their SamSung Classics and Harmonia mundi recordings include music by Shostakovich, Bartok, Isang Yun. Their 2016 recording of Philip Glass and Nico Muhly ranked in the top 10 on Billboard and ITunes charts. Their recordings include music by Shostakovich, Bartók, Philip Glass, Nico Muhly, and Isang Yun. Angela Chun plays a Domenico Montagnana violin from 1734. Jennifer Chun's violin was built by Nicolo Amati in 1662 and is called the "Goding". The sisters often perform as a violin duo. In 2016 and 2021, they performed the United Nations opening day concert at the UN Assembly Hall in New York. It was live-streamed to 193 United Nations member countries. In 2009, Grawemeyer Award composer George Tsontakis wrote a two-violin concerto “Unforgettable” commissioned by George Soros for Jennifer and Angela Chun. It was world premiered at the Aspen music festival’s 60th anniversary season. In 2018, the Chuns co-founded a multi genre production company. Together with architect Charles Renfro and choreographer Jonah Bokaer, they collaborate in music, visual arts, and movement.
Discography
Fantasy, 2008
Bartók, 2010
Philip Glass: In the Summer House, Mad Rush and Nico Muhly: Four Studies, Honest Music, 2016
UN opening day Concert
References
Further reading
Lewis, Dave. "Fantasy" [review]. AllMusic.com.
External links
Official Website
American classical violinists
American women violinists
American musical duos
American people of Korean descent |
The Mission is the sixteenth studio album by American rock band Styx, released on June 16, 2017, through UMe. It is the band's first studio album since 2005's Big Bang Theory and their first release of original material since 2003's Cyclorama. The album reached #45 on the Billboard 200, propelled by pre-sales prior to its official release date, but fell off the chart after 2 weeks. In an era with limited album sales, total U.S. Sales were approximately 15,000 copies, a far cry from the band's triple platinum past. Yet, the album did briefly reach the Top 100 in four other countries. The concept album tells the story of a mission to the planet Mars in the year 2033. The album's story was written by Tommy Shaw and Will Evankovich. Evankovich played a significant role, serving as producer and co-writing all but one of the full length tracks.
The album was conceived in 2015 when Tommy Shaw composed the guitar riff that became the record's closing track, "Mission to Mars." The first lines Shaw wrote were "Now we can say it / This is the day / We'll be on our way / On our mission to Mars." The story was then formed around this idea.
Styx announced the album in conjunction with the release of the lead single "Gone Gone Gone," while "Radio Silence" and "Hundred Million Miles from Home" were later made available prior to the album's release. The LP was expanded in 2018 and re-released in 5.1 surround sound (both DTS Master Audio and Dolby TrueHD) on a blu-ray disc with visualizations for each song as well as a various music videos from the album and a "Making of the Mission" documentary.
Reception
The album was well received by AllMusic's Stephen Erlewine, awarding the release four out of five stars and considered it a return to form for the band. In his qualitative review, he emphasised the strength of the material harkening back to the band's late 70s material and Paradise Theatre album, despite not having Dennis DeYoung as the band's frontman.
Track listing
Personnel
Styx
Lawrence Gowanvocals, piano, Hammond B3 organ, synthesizers
Tommy Shawvocals, acoustic & electric guitars, mandolin
James "JY" Youngvocals, electric guitars
Ricky Phillipsbass guitar
Chuck Panozzobass guitar on "Hundred Million Miles from Home"
Todd Suchermandrums, percussion, waterphone
Additional personnel
Will Evankovichadditional synthesizers, guitars, sound effects, production, engineering
Production
Alan Hertzengineering
Sean Badumengineering
JR Tayloradditional engineering
Jim Scottmixing
Kevin Deanassistant mixing engineer
Derek Sharpadditional editing
Richard Duddmastering
Todd Gallopocover illustration, art direction & design
Jason Powellband photography
Charts
References
External links
Styx - The Mission (2017) album review by Stephen Thomas Erlewine, credits & releases at AllMusic.com
Styx - The Mission (2017) album releases & credits at Discogs.com
Styx - The Mission (2017) album to be listened as stream at Spotify.com
2017 albums
Styx (band) albums
Science fiction concept albums
Universal Music Enterprises albums
Mars in culture
Fiction set in 2033 |
{{Infobox nobility title
| name = Lord of Laois
| image =
| image_size =
| alt =
| caption = Arms of O'More: Vert a lion rampant and in chief three mullets Or
| creation_date = 1016
| monarch = Irish King
| peerage = Ireland
| status =
| extinction_date =
| family_seat = Dunamase Castle, later Balyna
| former_seat =
| motto = Cu Reu Bhaid'' ("The hounds to victory")
| footnotes = Frequency Comparisons:
}}Lord of Laois''' is a title that belonged to the historical rulers of the Kingdom of Laois in Ireland. It was held by the O'More family and later the More O'Ferralls who ruled the kingdom. The title is first recorded as existing in 1016, in the Annals of the Four Masters. After the O'Mores were dispossessed of their lands in the 16th century, they left Laois, after 600 years. Despite this, they continued to hold the title, Lord of Laois.
History
Notable Lords of Laois include Rory O'More.
See also
Rory O'More
References
O'Moore family
People from County Laois |
Family Portrait () is a painting by the artist France Kralj (1895—1960). Kralj painted the picture in 1926.
Description
The size of the painting is 115.5 cm by 130.3 cm. The painting is in the Museum of Modern Art in Ljubljana.
Analysis
The title of the painting in Slovene is Družinski portret. The painting shows Kralj, his wife, and his child. They are leaving his studio after work. The painting is an example of the New Objectivity style of art in Slovenia.
There are two special things about the painting. First, the painting shows the artist's personal life. Kralj did not usually use his personal life as a subject for paintings. In this painting, there is no emotional or sentimental part element. This is usual in paintings of the New Objectivity style. They showed concrete people and objects without their qualities or symbolism.
Second, the painting shows a sculpture in the part of the picture that is nearest to and in front of the viewer. The sculpture is a finished work. It is a sculpture of his wife and child.
References
External links
Moderna Galerija, Projekt DCA
1926 paintings
Paintings in Slovenia |
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