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The Caproni Ca.73 was an Italian airliner produced during the 1920s which went on to serve as a light bomber in the newly independent Regia Aeronautica.
Design and development
The Ca.73 was an inverted sesquiplane with a biplane tail and two engines mounted in a push-pull configuration within a common nacelle mounted on struts in the interplane gap above the fuselage. The two pilots sat in an open cockpit, while ten passengers could be accommodated within the fuselage.
The publication of General Giulio Douhet's seminal treatise on strategic bombing Il dominio dell'aria (The Command of the Air) in 1921 had left Italy's military planners acutely aware of a lack of this capability. Established as a separate service in 1923, the Regia Aeronautica relied upon World War I-vintage Caproni Ca.3 bombers, and a replacement was soon sought. The immediate solution was to repurpose the Ca.73 as a warplane by adding a gunner's position in the nose, dorsally, and ventrally amidships. Bombs were carried on external racks on the fuselage sides.
Ca.73s remained in frontline service until 1934, and from 1926 onwards participated in Italy's military actions in North Africa.
Variants
Ca.73 – airliner powered by Isotta Fraschini Asso 500 engines
Ca.73bis – airliner powered by Lorraine-Dietrich engines
Ca.73ter (later redesignated Ca.82) – bomber version with gun positions and fuselage bomb racks
Ca.73quarter (later redesignated Ca.88) – bomber with revised control systems and strengthened airframe
Ca.73quarterG (later redesignated Ca.89) – bomber with glazed nose, underwing bomb racks, and retractable ventral gun turret
Ca.74 (later redesignated Ca.80) – version powered by Bristol Jupiter engines
Ca.80 – the Ca.74 redesignated
Ca.80S – air-ambulance and paratroop transport version
Ca.82 – redesignated Ca.73ter
Ca.87 – long-range record version (one converted)
Ca.88 – redesignated Ca.73quarter
Ca.89 – redesignated Ca.73quarterG
Operators
Military operators
Regia Aeronautica
Specifications (Ca.73)
See also
References
Ca.073
1920s Italian airliners
1920s Italian bomber aircraft
Biplanes with negative stagger
Aircraft first flown in 1925
Twin-engined push-pull aircraft |
María José Alcalá Izguerra (born 24 December 1971) is a Mexican former diver. She competed at the 1988, 1992, 1996 and the 2000 Summer Olympics. In 2021, she became the first female President of the Mexican Olympic Committee.
In March 2023, she officially announced Mexico's interest in organizing the 2036 Summer Olympic Games.
References
External links
1971 births
Living people
Mexican female divers
Olympic divers for Mexico
Divers at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Divers at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Divers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Divers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Divers from Mexico City
Pan American Games medalists in diving
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Mexico
Divers at the 1999 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1999 Pan American Games
20th-century Mexican women
21st-century Mexican women |
Paul-Eerik Rummo (born January 19, 1942) is an Estonian poet, playwright, translator and politician who was the former Estonian Minister of Culture and Education, as well as the former Estonian Minister of Population Affairs.
Rummo was born in Tallinn, the son of Estonian writer Paul Rummo. Paul-Eerik studied literature at the University of Tartu, graduating in 1965. Rummo has worked in Estonian theatres.
Personal life
Paul-Eerik Rummo is married to an actress, poet, author, and translator Viiu Härm. The couple have three daughters.
Legacy
In October 1980, Rummo was a signatory of the Letter of 40 Intellectuals, a public letter in which forty prominent Estonian intellectuals defended the Estonian language and protested the Russification policies of the Kremlin in Estonia. The signatories also expressed their unease against Republic-level government in harshly dealing with youth protests in Tallinn that were sparked a week earlier due to the banning of a public performance of the punk rock band Propeller.
In the novel Purge (in Finnish Puhdistus) by Sofi Oksanen, Rummo's poetry becomes a symbol of resistance against Russification in Estonia, sprinkled throughout the narrative.
Selected bibliography
Poetry
Ankruhiivaja (The Anchor-weigher), 1962
Lumevalgus … lumepimedus (Snow Light … Snow Darkness), 1966
Saatja aadress ja teised luuletused 1968-1972 (Sender's Address and Other Poems 1968-1972), 1989.
The September Sun. Facing bilingual with English translations by Ritva Poom. Cross-Cultural Communications, 1994.
Plays
Tuhkatriinumäng (Cinderellagame), printed 1969
References
External links
Estonian Writers Online Dictionary
Estonian male poets
1942 births
Living people
Writers from Tallinn
Politicians from Tallinn
Government ministers of Estonia
University of Tartu alumni
Recipients of the Order of the National Coat of Arms, 4th Class
21st-century Estonian politicians
20th-century Estonian poets
21st-century Estonian poets
Recipients of the Order of the White Star, 2nd Class
Members of the Riigikogu, 1992–1995
Members of the Riigikogu, 1995–1999
Members of the Riigikogu, 1999–2003
Members of the Riigikogu, 2003–2007
Members of the Riigikogu, 2007–2011
Members of the Riigikogu, 2011–2015
Members of the Riigikogu, 2015–2019 |
The 1990 United States motorcycle Grand Prix was the second round of the 1990 Grand Prix motorcycle racing season. It took place on the weekend of April 6–8, 1990 at Laguna Seca.
500 cc race report
Eddie Lawson's season went from bad to worse: during practice his brakes failed at speed, and he hit the straw bales hard, shattering his right ankle. He would be sidelined until round 8 at Assen.
Wayne Rainey and Kevin Schwantz both got away together at the start; Rainey's front wheel lifted, and maybe because of that, he and Schwantz touched as they headed toward the hairpin. The order as they made their way to the Corkscrew was Rainey, Schwantz, Wayne Gardner, Mick Doohan and Kevin Magee. Magee soon crashed out of the race, which was red-flagged because an ambulance needed to get on the track, Magee suffering severe head injuries and ending his season. He recovered, but never raced again at the same level.
At the new start, Schwantz got to the hairpin first, followed by Sito Pons and Rainey. Rainey soon passed Pons and a gap formed to the fight for third, between Gardner, Pons and Doohan. On the uphill approach to the Corkscrew, Gardner highsided up and out.
Commentating for Australian broadcaster Nine Network, two-time 500cc world champion Barry Sheene remarked his clear disapproval towards the safety standards at Laguna Seca after Gardner's crash:
Rainey passed on Turn 11, and was able to keep Schwantz behind him for a lap. As they went through Turn 11 with 5 laps to go, Schwantz highsided, and injured his wrist too much to continue, which was later discovered to be a fracture.
500 cc classification
References
United States motorcycle Grand Prix
United States
United States Motorcycle Grand Prix
United States Grand Prix
Motorsport competitions in California |
Sardurihinilli, also known as Haykaberd () or Çavuştepe Kalesi, is an ancient Urartian fortified site located on a ridge on the northeastern edge of the village of Çavuştepe in the Gürpınar district of Van Province in eastern Turkey. It is located approximately 25 kilometers southeast of Van along the road leading to the city of Hakkâri, in a valley once known as Hayots Dzor in historic Armenia. It was founded by the Urartian king Sarduri II () some time during his reign in the 8th century BC and is believed to be identical with the fortress of Sardurihurda mentioned in the same king's cuneiform inscriptions.
In Armenian folklore it is identified with Haykaberd or Haykʻ, the fortress built by Hayk, the legendary founder of the Armenian nation, close to the site where he slew the invading Babylonian king Bel.
Site
Sardurihinilli has a linear plan, perched upon a ridge overlooking the Gürpınar Plain called Bol Dağı. It is composed of fortification walls as well as the remains of an Urartian royal palace, built between 764 and 735 BC during the reign of King Sarduri II at the climax of power of the Urartian Empire. There are upper and lower sections of the fortress in which the Temple of Khaldi or Irmushini, citadel walls, king's tower, workshops (7th century BC), storehouses, cisterns, kitchen, palace with a throne room, "royal" toilet, harem and colonnaded halls were located. A moat surrounded sections of the fortress.
The fortress stands out by the high quality of its masonry, which, in the view of C. A. Burney, suggests that it was "a wealthy town, of which only the acropolis remains to this day." Aside from the cyclopean wall, the blocks used in the fortress are smoothly finished and fit exactly together without mortar being used.
If Sardurihinilli is to be identified with Sardurihurda, then it is located near the site of a city called Ulhu, which Assyrian inscriptions say Sargon II conquered during his campaign against Urartu, although it seems Sardurihurda did not fall to the Assyrians.
Four Urartian cuneiform inscriptions have been discovered at Sardurihinilli, of which the best preserved one reads as follows:
Sardurihinilli was destroyed in the 7th century BC, presumably by the Scythians or Medes. Traces of a later medieval occupation exist. In 1884, a cuneiform inscription from the site was taken to Vienna and published by D. H. Müller. Nikolai Marr and Joseph Orbeli visited the site in 1916 and collected some artifacts that are now located at the Hermitage. Christopher Lehmann-Haupt was the first to conduct excavations at the site and draw up a sketch-plan of the fortress. C. A. Burney visited the site in 1956 and published a brief description and sketch-plan of the fortress. The site was excavated between 1961 and 1986 by Afif Erzen.
Notes
Sources
Belli, O. (2001). Çavuştepe (Šardurḫinili) Excavations. In: O. Belly (ed.): İstanbul University’s Contributions to Archaeology in Turkey 1932-2000. Istanbul, pp. 173–178.
Erzen, A. (1978). Çavuştepe I. M. Ö. 7.-6. Yüzyil Urartu Mımarlik Antilari ve Ortaçağ Nekropolü. Ankara.
Erzen, A. (1978): Ausgrabungen auf der urartäischen Burg Çavuştepe im Gebiet von Van. In: E. Akurgal (ed.): The Proceedings of the Xth International Congress of Classical Archaeology, Ankara-İzmir, 23-30.9.1973. Ankara, pp. 55–59.
See also
Urartu
Hayk
Bel (mythology)
External links
Map of Haykaberd
Photos
Haykaberd/Cavustepe
Photos of Haykaberd/Cavustepe
Urartian cities
Archaeological sites in Eastern Anatolia
Archaeology of Armenia |
is a Japanese comedian. His real name is .
Galigali Galixon is represented with Yoshimoto Creative Agency in Osaka. He graduated from Kansai University First Junior High School and Kansai University First High School. Galigali Galixon won a degree from the Broadcasting Art College.
Filmography
TV series
TV drama
Films
Radio
Advertisements
References
External links
Japanese male comedians
Kansai University alumni
1986 births
Living people
People from Hyōgo Prefecture |
The 1898 Colorado gubernatorial election was held on November 8, 1898. Democratic nominee Charles S. Thomas defeated Republican nominee Henry R. Wolcott with 62.89% of the vote.
General election
Candidates
Major party candidates
Charles S. Thomas, Democratic
Henry R. Wolcott, Republican
Other candidates
Robert H. Rhodes, Prohibition
Nixon Elliott, Socialist Labor
Results
References
1898
Colorado
Gubernatorial |
(; an Italian phrase which can be translated to "the lady" in English) is a character in Commedia dell'arte. She is the wife of Pantalone and the mistress of Pedrolino. She is tough, beautiful and calculating, and wears very wide dresses along with very heavy makeup. She walks with a flick of the toe and her arms held far out to the sides of her body.
could be a "courtesan" (high class prostitute), but typically manages to wrangle her way into the household of an old man, usually Pantalone, where she would inevitably cuckold him. She was an older, sexually experienced Colombina, known as Rosaura.
Appearance: Overdresses, wearing too many jewels, flowers, feathers, and ribbons and wearing too much hair and makeup.
Physicality: Like Il Capitano, uses excessive and big gestures.
Character Traits: Main aim is satisfaction of physical needs – more jewels, dresses and sex. She will scheme to have them assured. She has an immediate attraction to her counterpart, Il Capitano, and they must be together. However, she is married to Pantalone, and she cheats on him regularly.
A common lazzo of is to have a fight with another woman, as she is very proud and often ridicules others.
Popular culture
Representations of or characters based on in contemporary popular culture include Signora from Genshin Impact (where she is the Eighth of the Eleven Fatui Harbingers), and from the comic book series Power Man and Iron Fist, where she is a minor villain, part of the Commedia Della Morte.
References
Commedia dell'arte female characters
Fictional courtesans
Female stock characters |
Kharkiv University History Museum is one of the first history museums created at a higher educational institution in Ukraine. It is located on the second floor of the main building of V. N. Karazin Kharkiv National University.
History
The idea of creating Kharkiv University History Museum arose in the postwar years, in particular, it was expressed by the rector of Kharkiv University I. M. Bulankin. In 1971, by order of Rector V. I. Khotkevych, an initiative group was organized to establish Kharkiv University History Museum, headed by associate professor of the School of History V. I. Astakhova. The museum was opened on December 30, 1972. It was one of the first museums of the history, created at higher educational institutions of Ukraine. The museum was located in the right wing of the main building of Kharkiv University. It consisted of a large hall for permanent exhibition, a gallery of portraits of academicians and corresponding members of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, whose activities were related to Kharkiv University, office room, depository and photo laboratory.
On September 25, 1978, Kharkiv University History Museum was awarded the title of "National Museum". The museum was awarded honorary diplomas, in particular, Diplomas of the Ukrainian Society of Historic Preservation and Culture (1977) and of the Ukrainian SSR Ministry of Culture (1984) and others.
It was in the museum that the idea of creating a monument in honour of the Volunteer Student Battalion recruited from students of Kharkiv National University originated.
In preparation for the celebration of the Kharkiv University bicentenary, the museum received a new space on the second floor of the main building, which was reconstructed with the financial assistance of the Kharkiv University Association of Alumni, Professors and Friends. The staff of the museum together with the professors of the School of History S. I. Posokhov and S. M. Kudelko developed the concept of a new museum; the developments of the architect O. E. Fondorko made it possible to combine elements of "retro" with new, modern methods of exposition equipment. The renovated museum began its work on January 28, 2005. The new museum's integrated space is conventionally divided into 4 zones: permanent exhibition; hall for temporary exhibitions and other events; a place for researchers to work; cinema hall. In 2018, the museum was equipped with multimedia panels.
Museum collection
Since the museum's existence, its staff has established communication with family members of distinguished scientists, collected memories, books, manuscripts, and personal belongings of members of the university community – all of which have become museum exhibits. Much work has been done to collect materials in central and regional archives, in the manuscript collections of libraries. Many interesting exhibits came to the museum on the eve and during the anniversary celebrations from the staff and students of Kharkiv University.
Currently, the museum has about 20 thousand units of storage, 10 thousand negatives and 16 thousand electronic photos. Among the exhibits – a collection of graduation photo albums of the late 19th century to the early 21st century; badges and medals; recordings of interviews with university graduates and staff; individual material exhibits that characterize university life; 233 personal funds of scientists and students of the university including D. I. Bagaliy, N. P. Barabashov, O. V. Vetukhiv and others.
Museum funds are used by students, graduate students and researchers of many scientific centers of Ukraine.
Permanent exhibition
The exhibition is built on a thematic and chronological principle and consists of four large sections that cover the history of the university in different periods:
Imperial Kharkiv University (1804–1917);
Kharkiv University in the period of reorganizations (1917–1933);
restoration of the university and its history in the 1930s, during the Second World War and post-war reconstruction, development of the educational and scientific potential of the university in the 1950s–80s;
activity of the university in the conditions of independent Ukraine.
In 2018, the central part of the museum was equipped with multimedia panels that allow visitors to be demonstrated the diversity of modern events in university life, its connection with the traditions of Kharkiv University. In particular, thanks to multimedia panels, visitors can see photos and videos, interviews, virtual exhibitions, interactive maps, as well as various databases: biographies of scientists, prominent students of the university, honorary doctors, merited professors and researchers of Kharkiv University, chronicle of events of university life, university symbols, university "places of memory" etc.
Areas of work
Excursion activities
Every year the museum is visited by about four thousand guests. The main share of visitors is students, those attending the Center for International Education, participants of scientific conferences, guests of the university. The museum conducts excursions within such university-wide actions as Science Night, Alumni Day, and the Discover Karazin University project.
Organization of temporary exhibitions
Every year the museum organizes 6–8 temporary exhibitions related to various aspects of university history. The recent ones are "Graduation Albums of Kharkiv University", "Student Life in Caricature", "N. I. Kostomarov: life, creativity, memory (to the 200th birth anniversary)", "Professor's family of the XIX – early XX centuries", "University students in "troubled times" (1920s – 1930s)" etc. In 2016, the museum launched a new tradition of exhibitions of private collections of professors and students of Karazin University.
Conducting university history promotion campaigns
The museum invites the university community to take part in special events based on the active cooperation of the museum staff and visitors. The first such event was called "Front Album", in which the museum invited everyone – students, staff, and professors – to bring to the museum photos of their relatives from the Second World War. In this way, "The Front Album" a joint university album was created.
In 2016, during the event "Poetry of Loss and Hope", a special video was shot in which students of the School of History read poems by university graduates about the war.
In 2017, the event "Children of War (1941–1945): Fates and Memories" was held, during which the museum staff collected memories of university professors whose childhood fell on the difficult war years, in 2018 – "Women at War".
Students and professors actively participated in the "Museum Selfie" event and the caricature competition for student life.
Every year the museum hosts a university-wide event "Light a Candle" to commemorate the victims of the Holodomor, as well as a citywide event to Archivists’ Day (until 2016). The museum also regularly organizes various competitions for Kharkiv students, for example, a competition for the creation of virtual exhibitions "Kharkiv University of the city, Ukraine, the world!".
Promotion of university history in the media and the Internet
The museum has its own pages on Facebook and Instagram, where information is constantly updated. Various virtual exhibitions are created. The museum staff actively advertises museum events on social networks, television and citywide Internet resources.
University History Club
It has been operating since 2005 on the basis of the museum. Its active participants are primarily students and professors of the School of History, but it is open to all participants. Club meetings are held once a month. Reports on the history of education at, first of all, Kharkiv University are discussed there, also books on relevant topics are presented, meetings with professors, staff and students of the university are held, tours of the university and university places of memory are organized.
Educational work with students
Using the museum as a basis, student projects are developed within the special courses of the School of History and the School of International Economic Relations and Tourism Business. For three years in a row, first-year students of the School of History had one of their end-of-the-course tests on "Introduction to the specialty" (professor– S. I. Posokhov) in the form of a quest by the university and surrounding university places. On the basis of the museum, some students of the School of History participate in museum practice, learning the basics of fund, excursion and exhibition work.
Scientific and fund work
The museum staff is working to expand the funds and create an electronic catalog. The results of scientific research of the museum staff are published in professional periodicals, presented at national and international conferences.
Over the past few years, the museum staff has created databases: biographies of scientists, prominent students of the university, honorary doctors, merited professors and researchers of Kharkiv University, a chronicle of university life, university symbols, university "places of memory". At this stage, they allow providing additional consultations during excursions, and in the future can be included to the permanent exhibition in the form of multimedia panels.
A number of materials dedicated to the history of Kharkiv University were published with the participation of the museum staff. In particular, in 2016, with the support of the Canadian Institute of Ukrainian Studies, the 3rd volume of memoirs about Kharkiv University, dedicated to the 1920s and 1930s, was published.
Together with the School of History, the museum is a co-organizer of the traditional museum study conference "Lunyov Readings".
Research topics of the museum
At the moment, several scientific projects are being implemented on the basis of the museum: together with the School of History – an oral history project "Images of Science: Kharkiv University in the 1940s–1980s". So far, more than 350 interviews with students, professors and staff of the university have been collected, which formed the basis of a separate fund of the Kharkiv University History Museum; also the project "University "places of memory", the object of study of which is the named lecture rooms of the university, memorial plaques dedicated to professors and prominent people related to the activities of the university etc.
Gallery
References
Further reading
Іващенко В. Ю. Музейний комплекс Харківського національного університету імені В. Н. Каразіна: історія, сучасний стан, перспективи // Проблеми збереження і використання культурної спадщини в Україні: Матеріали ІІ Всеукр. наук.-практич. конф., присвяченої 10-й річниці надання Свято-Успенському монастиреві статусу Лаври (2004), 170-річчю відновлення Святогірського Успенського монастиря (1844), 80-річчю створення краєзнавчого музею М. В. Сибільовим у Святогорську (м. Святогірськ, 25–26 вересня 2014 р.). — Донецьк, 2014. — С. 159–164.
Музей історії Харківського університету. Museum of History of Kharkiv University: [Буклет] / Укладачі: В. Ю. Іващенко, І. В. Калініченко, Є. С. Марченко, Є. П. Пугач. — Х.: НМЦ «СД», 2007. — 14 с.
Пугач Є. П. Один з перших в Україні (Музей історії Харківського національного університету ім. В. Н. Каразіна) // Невичерпне джерело духовності: (Нариси про діяльність музеїв історії вузів м. Харкова) / за заг. ред.: В. І. Астахової. Київ: Народна укр. акад., 2003. С.5–13.
Калиниченко И. В. Музей как хранитель духовных реликвий Харьковского национального университета им. В. Н. Каразина // Символика и традиции в деятельности вузовских музеев: (очерки о деятельности музеев истории высших учебных заведений г. Харькова) / Гл. упр. образования и науки Харьк. обл. гос. админ., Ассоц. вуз. музеев Харькова, Харьк. гуманит. ун-т «Нар. укр. акад.»; под общ. ред. В. И. Астаховой. Х. : Изд-во НУА, 2008. С. 5–7.
Калиниченко И. В. Об усовершенствовании организационных и правовых основ деятельности музеев при высших учебных заведения г. Харькова // Університетські музеї: європейський досвід та українська практика: міжнар. наук.-практ. конф. (2011; Київ). Збірник праць, 6–7 жовтня 2011 р.; упоряд.: Л. В. Казанцева ; Київський нац. ун-т ім. Т. Шевченка, [та ін.]. Ніжин: Ніжинський держ. ун-т ім. М. Гоголя, 2012. С. 151–159.
Калиниченко И. В. О значении экскурсионной работы в музее истории Харьковского Национального Университета // Культурна спадщина Слобожанщини. Збірка наукових статей за матеріалами міжнародної наукової конференції «П'яті слобожанські читання». Секція «Музейна справа та охорона культурної спадщини». Харків: Курсор, 2003. С. 23–24.
Тарапова Е. И. Здесь «вечность и короткий миг, И радость жизни, и страданье….». О музее истории Харьковского национального университета имени В. Н. Каразина // Universitates. 2004. No. 4.
External links
Іващенко В. Ю.. Музей історії Харківського національного університету ім. В. Каразіна // Енциклопедія Сучасної України: електронна версія [веб-сайт] / гол. редкол.: І. М. Дзюба, А. І. Жуковський, М. Г. Железняк та ін.; НАН України, НТШ. Київ: Інститут енциклопедичних досліджень НАН України, 2006. URL: http://esu.com.ua/search_articles.php?id=70355
Іващенко В. Ю., Калініченко І. В., Марченко О. С. Музей історії Харківського національного університету імені В. Н. Каразіна історія, сьогодення, перспективи (до 40-річчя з дня заснування) // «Луньовські читання». Матеріали науково-практичних семінарів (2010—2014 рр.). — Х., 2014. — С. 106–114. http://ekhnuir.univer.kharkov.ua/bitstream/123456789/12154/2/15_ivashenko_kalinichenko_marchenko.pdf
1972 establishments in Ukraine
Museums established in 1972
Museums in Kharkiv
History museums in Ukraine
University museums in Ukraine |
Hylonomoipos brookensis is a species of velvet worm in the Peripatopsidae family. This species has 15 pairs of legs in both sexes. It is found in Queensland, Australia.
References
Further reading
Onychophorans of Australasia
Onychophoran species
Animals described in 1996 |
Chiron Filesystem is a fault-tolerant replication file system.
Chiron FS is a FUSE based filesystem that implements replication at the filesystem level like RAID 1 does at the device level. The replicated filesystem may be of any kind; the only requisite is that it is mounted.
There is no need for special configuration files; the setup is as simple as one mount command (or one line in fstab). There is no specific communication protocol, at mount time the invoking parameters indicate two or more paths to directories which will be the replicated underlying filesystems (they must be already in sync). This allows the client to use any kind of underlying filesystems such as Ext3, NFS or SSHFS and even mix them. Every write in the Chiron FS mount point subtree will be echoed to the underlying filesystems. Any read from Chiron FS mount point subtree will be made from only one of the underlying filesystems using a prioritized round robin algorithm.
If one or more underlying filesystems fails, the virtualized filesystem provided by Chiron FS continues operating as long as there is at least one replica available. In this case, the failures are reported to a log file. If the failure is on a write operation, the failed replica is disabled and it is not used by Chiron FS until it is available and resynchronized with the others. Synchronization is not implemented yet in Chiron FS, so it must be done manually. If all replica fails then the calling application receives the error message as it would receive if it was accessing a non replicated filesystem. In this case there will be no log report.
See also
List of file systems
External links
Chiron FS web page
Chiron FS repository
Announcement list
Discussion list
Issues list
File systems supported by the Linux kernel
Network file systems
Internet Protocol based network software
Userspace file systems
Discontinued software |
The Euro Hockey League 2017–18 was the eleventh season of the Euro Hockey League, Europe's premier club field hockey tournament. Round One was held in Barcelona and the round of 16 and quarterfinals in Rotterdam. The semi-finals, third place game and the final were held in Bloemendaal.
Association team allocation
A total of 24 teams from 12 of the 45 EHF member associations participate in the 2018–19 Euro Hockey League. The association ranking based on the EHL country coefficients is used to determine the number of participating teams for each association:
Associations 1–4 each have three teams qualify.
Associations 5–8 each have two teams qualify.
Associations 9–12 each have one team qualify.
EHL Rankings
Qualified teams
Round One
All times are local (UTC+01:00)
If a game is won, the winning team receives 5 points. A draw results in both teams receiving 2 points. A loss gives the losing team 1 point unless the losing team loses with more than 3 goals, then they receive 0 points.
The Euro Hockey League trialed a new scoring system for the season 2017–18:
For every Field Goal and a Penalty Stroke Goal scored in a match NOT resulting from a Penalty Corner = 2 goals
For every Penalty Corner scored in a match = 1 goal
For every goal scored from a Penalty Stroke resulting from a Penalty Corner situation = 1 goal
In a shoot-out competition a goal from a direct Shoot-out and a Penalty Stroke = 1 goal
Group A
Group B
Group C
Group D
Knockout stage
Round of 16 and the quarter-finals were played in Rotterdam, Netherlands between the 30th of March and the 2nd of April 2018. The semi-finals, third place match and the final will be played in Bloemendaal, Netherlands.
Bracket
Round of 16
Ranking matches
Quarter-finals
Semi-finals
Third place
Final
See also
2018 EuroHockey Club Champions Cup
References
External links
Official Website (English)
YouTube Channel for EHL
European Hockey Federation
Euro Hockey League
2017–18 in European field hockey |
TooSquare Magazine was a large, underground fanzine magazine which was published in Tampa Florida between 2001 and 2002. It had a large distribution of 10,000 copies per month and was known for its in depth coverage of music, art, and underground culture. During its 2½ year run it won the Weekly Planet 'Best of the Bay' award in 2002. TooSquare Magazine also won web site of the week on April 24, 2002. TooSquare Magazine and its editor, Joseph Murphy were featured in the book about underground magazines Zine in 2011. A reference was also found to the corporate entity of TooSquare Magazine here.
TooSquare featured interviews, goth models, and rockabilly style culture mixed with often bizarre articles about skinheads and conspiracy theory on Skull and Bones.
The creator Joseph Murphy (Wurm Mud) was interviewed by various other eZines, including Legion Studios.
References
External links
archives April 20, 2001, through Sept 23, 2002
Archive of covers
Archived Issues
Creative Loafing Review
Defunct magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 2001
Magazines disestablished in 2002
Magazines published in Florida
Zines |
Thomas Harcourt (1841 – Unknown) was a U.S. sailor stationed aboard the during the American Civil War. He received the Medal of Honor for his actions during the Second Battle of Fort Fisher on January 15, 1865.
Military service
Harcourt enlisted in the Army from Haverhill, New Hampshire in 1863, but transferred to the Navy in April 1864 and was assigned to the Union frigate . He later deserted in April 1865.
On January 15, 1865, the North Carolina Confederate stronghold of Fort Fisher was taken by a combined Union storming party of sailors, marines, and soldiers under the command of Admiral David Dixon Porter and General Alfred Terry. Harcourt was one of nine crewmen from the USS Minnesota who received the Medal of Honor for their actions during the battle.
Medal of Honor citation
"The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pleasure in presenting the Medal of Honor to Ordinary Seaman Thomas Harcourt, United States Navy, for extraordinary heroism in action on board the U.S.S. Minnesota in the assault on Fort Fisher, 15 January 1865. Landing on the beach with the assaulting party from his ship, Ordinary Seaman Harcourt advanced to the top of the sand hill and partly through the breach in the palisades despite enemy fire which killed or wounded many officers and men. When more than two-thirds of the men became seized with panic and retreated on the run, he remained with the party until dark when it came safely away, bringing its wounded, its arms and its colors."
General Orders: War Department, General Orders No. 59 (June 22, 1865)
Action Date: January 15, 1865
Service: Navy
Rank: Ordinary Seaman
Division: U.S.S. Minnesota
See also
List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: G–L
Second Battle of Fort Fisher
Notes
References
External links
1841 births
Year of death missing
Military personnel from Boston
People of Massachusetts in the American Civil War
Union Navy sailors
United States Navy Medal of Honor recipients
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor |
Timon and Pumbaa's Virtual Safari is a series of interactive virtual games that were included as bonus-features within several of Disney's The Lion King-related DVD releases throughout the 2000's. The series of games centers on Timon and Pumbaa going on a variety of safari adventures. The Virtual Safari games are a cross between the Jungle Cruise and Indiana Jones-related Disney theme park rides along with Kilimanjaro Safaris. Players press the left or right arrow buttons on their DVD player's remote at decision making points to decide which way the vehicle travels.
Overview
Buena Vista Home Entertainment, Disney Feature Animation, and DisneyToon Studios produced four Virtual Safari games, including:
Timon And Pumbaa’s Virtual Safari Boat Tour, Included within Disney's 2003 DVD release of The Lion King
Timon And Pumbaa’s Virtual Safari Jeep Tour, Included within Disney's 2003 DVD release of The Lion King
Timon And Pumbaa’s Virtual Safari 1.5: The Lion King Prideland Adventure, Included within Disney's 2004 DVD release of The Lion King 1½
Timon And Pumbaa’s Virtual Safari 2.0: Prideland Pachiderm Safari, Included within Disney's 2004 DVD release of The Lion King II: Simba's Pride
Production
This series marked the first time that Buena Vista Home Entertainment collaborated with Disney Feature Animation and DisneyToon Studios to create a game of this type. Andy Siditsky, Disney's Senior VP of Worldwide DVD production and Creative Services, explained that he wanted set a higher benchmark with what could be done within a DVD set top experience: "We started thinking about various theme park rides land Timon and Pumbaa were our natural hosts. That led to different ways of doing it and different pieces and wondering where would you go?"
Siditsky brainstormed ideas with a small team including re-recording mixer Terry Porter, discussing different types of tours. They worked closely with the Feature Animation team to develop the animation and assets for the game. As part of the research, the team traveled to Walt Disney World, hung around The Jungle Cruise and read some of scripts of the rides, using them as a guide. There was some trepidation over whether the team could successfully complete the project as it had never been done before. Describing it as an "experiment", Siditsky noted that it opened up the door to create virtual safari type of experiences down the line. Part of the challenge was in making it an engaging theme park ride while being relevant to The Lion King franchise and including some adult humour. An additional challenge was in making the animation quality up to the level of the film, considering time and budget constraints. Around 20% of The Lion King was repurposed for Virtual Safari. The first Virtual Safari game was released on The Lion King special edition after six months of work, which combined traditional and CG elements.
Ernie Sabella reprised the voice of Pumbaa and Kevin Schon voiced Timon in both 1.0 and 2.0. Nathan Lane returned to voice Timon for the 1.5 installment. 1.5 also featured the returning voices of Julie Kavner and Jerry Stiller as Ma and Uncle Max respectively.
Critical reception
The Digital Bits felt the game would be appealing to young children, but noted that as someone who buys DVD out of a love of film, "interactive games don't particularly do anything for me". Sound and Vision felt it was one of the few aspects of the DVD specifically aimed at children. DVDCC said it was "Worth checking out". When speaking about how a featurette about the lost attraction The Little Mermaid Under the Sea Adventure was to be featured on The Little Mermaid 2-Disc DVD, DLP Today commented "they’ve taken the “Virtual Safari” idea from The Lion King’s DVDs and transferred the concept to a real Disney theme park attraction".
DVD Mag said they "didn't expect a lot from Virtual Safari 1.5 but had it offered a very fun experience." IGN felt it was "definitely not as traumatic as the original virtual safari on The Lion King". MousePlanet noted there is "plenty of humor and adventure mixed in" to Virtual Safari 2.0. AnimatedViews felt the game was impressing but lacked replay value due to not having much gameplay.
References
The Lion King (franchise) video games |
Lake Jualbup, formerly the Shenton Park Lake, is a freshwater lake located in Perth, Western Australia.
Description
The lake is contained within Shenton Park, a parkland in the suburb of Shenton Park, bounded by Lake Avenue, Excelsior Street, Evans Street and Herbert Road. As well as the lakes themselves, the park area includes open grassed space, barbecues and playground equipment and a masonry building and public toilet in the south-west corner. The lake is generally full during the winter rainy season, but can dry up completely during the summer months. A variety of birdlife (including the famous black swan) can be found around the lake, as well as a number of aquatic creatures such as turtles.
The area surrounding Lake Jualbup was originally known as Jualbup, an Aboriginal term meaning "a place where water rises in the season of spring". In the early days of European settlement, a timber miller named James Dyson worked in the area, and thus it became known as Dyson's Swamp. In 1877, James Dyson sold his swamp to George Shenton's son. Later it was renamed Shenton Park Lake, after the land developer and politician, George Shenton. The Aboriginal name "Jualbup" was restored to the lake in 1996.
See also
List of lakes of Western Australia
References
Lakes of Perth, Western Australia
City of Nedlands
Shenton Park, Western Australia |
John Armine Wodehouse, 5th Earl of Kimberley FRSA (born 15 January 1951), is a British chemist and peer.
Early life
The eldest of four sons of John Wodehouse, 4th Earl of Kimberley, but his only child with his first wife, Carmel Maguire, daughter of Mickey Maguire, welterweight champion of Australia,
he was educated at Eton College and the University of East Anglia, where he graduated BSc and MSc.
Kimberley's middle name, Armine, recalls his ancestor Sir Armine Wodehouse, 5th Baronet, from whom the writer P. G. Wodehouse was also descended.
Career
Kimberley is a chemist and worked for GlaxoSmithKline from 1974 until he retired in 2012. He is also a computer systems programmer, a Fellow of the British Interplanetary Society, a member of the British Computer Society, and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Arts.
He succeeded his father to the peerages in 2002. In 2008, he was licensed as a lay reader in the Church of England.
Personal life
In 1973, Kimberley married the Hon. Carol Palmer, daughter of Raymond Palmer, 3rd Baron Palmer. They have two children: Lady Katherine Frances Wodehouse and David Simon John Wodehouse, Lord Wodehouse (born 1978), heir apparent to the peerages.
Lady Kimberley is a priest in the Church of England. She was made a canon at St Alban's Abbey in 2010 and is the first and only "Revd Canon Countess" in British history.
References
1951 births
Living people
People educated at Eton College
Alumni of the University of East Anglia
15
John Wodehouse, 5th Earl of Kimberley
Anglican lay readers |
Csongor Olteán (; born 8 April 1984) is Hungarian javelin thrower who won the Hungarian national championship four consecutive times from 2006 to 2009.
Olteán participated at two World Championship in 2007 and 2009, however he failed to progress from the qualifiers on both occasions. He was also present at the 2008 Summer Olympics, but did not manage to come through the qualifying round.
References
External links
1984 births
Living people
People from Sfântu Gheorghe
Hungarian male javelin throwers
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Hungary |
Kontinuum is the thirty-sixth album by Klaus Schulze. It was originally released in 2007, and, taking in consideration the previously released multi-disc box sets (Silver Edition, Historic Edition, Jubilee Edition, Contemporary Works I, and Contemporary Works II), it could be viewed as Schulze's ninety-seventh album.
Track listing
All tracks composed by Klaus Schulze.
External links
Kontinuum at the official site of Klaus Schulze
AllMusic
References
Klaus Schulze albums
Ambient albums
Trance albums
2007 albums |
```c
/****************************************************************
The author of this software is David M. Gay.
All Rights Reserved
Permission to use, copy, modify, and distribute this software and
its documentation for any purpose and without fee is hereby
granted, provided that the above copyright notice appear in all
copies and that both that the copyright notice and this
permission notice and warranty disclaimer appear in supporting
documentation, and that the name of Lucent or any of its entities
not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to
distribution of the software without specific, written prior
permission.
LUCENT DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,
INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS.
IN NO EVENT SHALL LUCENT OR ANY OF ITS ENTITIES BE LIABLE FOR ANY
SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES
WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER
IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTIOUS ACTION,
ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF
THIS SOFTWARE.
****************************************************************/
/* Please send bug reports to David M. Gay (dmg at acm dot org,
* with " at " changed at "@" and " dot " changed to "."). */
#include "gdtoaimp.h"
float
#ifdef KR_headers
strtof(s, sp) CONST char *s; char **sp;
#else
strtof(CONST char *s, char **sp)
#endif
{
static FPI fpi0 = { 24, 1-127-24+1, 254-127-24+1, 1, SI };
ULong bits[1];
Long exp;
int k;
union { ULong L[1]; float f; } u;
#ifdef Honor_FLT_ROUNDS
#include "gdtoa_fltrnds.h"
#else
#define fpi &fpi0
#endif
k = strtodg(s, sp, fpi, &exp, bits);
switch(k & STRTOG_Retmask) {
case STRTOG_NoNumber:
case STRTOG_Zero:
u.L[0] = 0;
break;
case STRTOG_Normal:
case STRTOG_NaNbits:
u.L[0] = (bits[0] & 0x7fffff) | ((exp + 0x7f + 23) << 23);
break;
case STRTOG_Denormal:
u.L[0] = bits[0];
break;
case STRTOG_NoMemory:
errno = ERANGE;
/* FALLTHROUGH */
case STRTOG_Infinite:
u.L[0] = 0x7f800000;
break;
case STRTOG_NaN:
u.L[0] = f_QNAN;
}
if (k & STRTOG_Neg)
u.L[0] |= 0x80000000L;
return u.f;
}
DEF_STRONG(strtof);
``` |
2C-T-13 (2,5-dimethoxy-4-(β-methoxyethylthio)phenethylamine) is a psychedelic phenethylamine of the 2C family. It was presumably first synthesized by Alexander Shulgin and reported in his book PiHKAL.
Chemistry
The drug has structural properties similar to mescaline and other drugs in the 2C-T series, with the most closely related compounds being 2C-T-7 and 2C-T-21.
General information
The dosage range of 2C-T-13 is typically 25 - 40 mg and its duration is approximately 6–8 hours according to Shulgin. 2C-T-13 produces many closed-eye visuals and geometric patterns. It also produces slight visual distortion.
Pharmacology
The mechanism that produces 2C-T-13's hallucinogenic and entheogenic effects has not been specifically established; however, it is most likely to result from action as a 5-HT2A serotonin receptor agonist in the brain, a mechanism of action shared by all of the hallucinogenic tryptamines and phenethylamines for which the mechanism of action is known.
Dangers
The toxicity of 2C-T-13 is not well documented. 2C-T-13 is slightly less potent than 2C-T-7, but it may be expected that at higher doses it would display similar toxicity to that of other phenethylamines of the 2C-T family.
Legality
2C-T-13 is not scheduled in the United States, but possession and sales of 2C-T-13 could be prosecuted under the Federal Analog Act because of its structural similarities to 2C-T-7.
As of October 31, 2016, 2C-T-13 is a controlled substance (Schedule III) in Canada.
References
2C (psychedelics)
Thioethers |
Middlefork is an unincorporated community in Lancaster Township, Jefferson County, Indiana.
The community took its name from the Middle Fork Creek.
Geography
Middlefork is located at .
References
Unincorporated communities in Jefferson County, Indiana
Unincorporated communities in Indiana |
Léo Lagrange (; 28 November 1900, in Bourg – 9 June 1940, in Évergnicourt) was a French Socialist, member of the SFIO, named secretary of State in the Popular Front government of Léon Blum.
Biography
As a child, Lagrange was registered with the Éclaireurs de France, a scouting movement which had no religious affiliation. At the end of his studies at the Lycée Henri-IV, in August 1917, Lagrange joined the army. On his return, Lagrange was registered in the Faculty of Law and at the Institute of political sciences. Shortly after the Tours Congress (December 1920), he joined the SFIO, directed by Paul Faure, Jean Longuet and Léon Blum and joined the Socialist students' organisation.
Having obtained his law degree, Lagrange registered in 1922 at the bar of Paris. Affected by the horrors of World War I, Lagrange reserved in particular his services to victims of tuberculosis, of lung diseases and of poison gas. He married Madeleine Veiller in 1925. The following year, Lagrange met André Malraux and Jean Prévost. Lagrange mixed then with the intellectual movement of the 1930s, being linked with a number of writers, historians, artists and scientists. Lagrange became a writer with the newspaper Le Populaire, the press organ of the SFIO, and held there a chronique on legal topics.
Lagrange stood in the legislative elections in 1928, in the XIe district of Paris but was defeated. At the time of the elections of May 1932, Lagrange was designated as a socialist candidate looking to win back the first district of Avesnes-sur-Helpe, in the Nord. At the public meetings, Lagrange stressed the need, for the working class, to be informed and organized if it wanted to lead one day. After the 6 February 1934 riots organised by far-right leagues, the Cartel des gauches was toppled. For the first time in the history of the Third Republic (1871-1940), threats of a right-wing coup d'état had been enough to overthrow a democratically elected government. Following this event, many people on the left believed in a fascist conspiracy to topple the Republic. Thus, they started organising in anti-fascist groups, preparing in advance the Comintern's Popular Front strategy.
Following the victory of the Popular Front at the 1936 legislative elections, Lagrange was then named under-secretary of State for Sport and given responsibility for the organisation of Leisure, under the authority of the Minister for Public Health Henri Sellier. It was the first time that France had such a state secretary, and the Popular Front enacted the first paid holidays (2 weeks), among other social reforms.
His mandate was not addressed exclusively to youth but to all of society. Lagrange was focused nevertheless on the young because they constituted the future of society. Lagrange strongly opposed the fascist model of sport, which transformed it into a substitute for belligerent activities and instrumentalized it in a militarist manner. To the contrary, Lagrange advocated a conception of sports based on anti-militarism and on the fulfillment of individual personality:
“… It cannot be a question in a democratic country of militarizing the distractions and the pleasures of the masses and of transforming the joy skillfully distributed into a means of not thinking.”
Lagrange dedicated himself in developing sporting, tourist and cultural leisure, but opposed the professionalisation of sports, creating an elitist caste of sportsmen, and was against their development in France. Lagrange was at the origin of the creation of the popular leisure pass which grants 40% of reduction on rail-bound transports, while he encouraged and impelled the movement of youth hostels. 1936 in France was witness, under the Popular Front, to the first departures towards snow resorts with special trains and reduced fares on the cable cars; popular cruises were also later introduced.
Lagrange also played a major role in the co-organisation of the People's Olympiad in Barcelona with the Spanish Second Republic. Nazi Germany had managed to gain the right to organise the Olympic Games in Berlin, against Barcelona, but anti-fascists refused to participate in these Games and went on with their own project. The trials for these popular Olympiads proceeded on 4 July 1936 in the Pershing stadium in Paris, which had been built in June 1919. Lagrange chaired these days in person, along with Minister of Transport Pierre Cot, André Malraux, who later fought in the International Brigades, and other figures of the Popular Front. Through their club, the FSGT, or individually, 1.200 French athletes were registered with these anti-fascist Olympiads.
But Blum finally decided not to vote for the funds to pay the athletes' expenses. A communist deputy declared: "Going to Berlin, is making oneself am accomplice of the torturers...." Nevertheless, on 9 July, when the whole of the French right voted “for” the participation of France in the Olympic Games of Berlin, whilst the left (French Communist Party included) abstained itself — with the particularly notable exception of Pierre Mendès France, who would become Prime Minister under the Fourth Republic and negotiate the peace agreements with the Viet-minh in Indochina in 1954. The Communist Party had been, before this vote, a main supporter of the People's Olympiad.
Nevertheless, several French sportsmen decided to boycott the Berlin Olympic Games anyway, and go to Barcelona where the People's Olympiads were scheduled to begin on 19 July 1936. Each stop in the train stations were the occasion of popular and joyful demonstrations, with people singing The Internationale. However, on the eve of the opening ceremony, General Franco's military pronunciamento, declared from Spanish Morocco, started the Spanish Civil War (1936-1939).
After having left the under-secretary's department, Lagrange then became president of the lay Committee of the youth hostels. With the 1939 declaration of war, although a deputy, he voluntarily joined the military command, before being killed on 9 June 1940 in Évergnicourt by shrapnel.
“He died in courage, in search of the truth and dignity. He was a man whom we loved.”
André Malraux
Lagrange, who was opposed to professional sports and was against their development in France, had been:
Under Secretary of State for Youth and Leisure, 4 June 1936 to 22 June 1937 in the 1st Léon Blum government,
Under-Secretary of State for Sport, Leisure and Physical Education -i.e. Minister for Sports-, 23 June 1937 to 14 January 1938 in the 3rd Camille Chautemps government,
Under-Secretary of State for Sports, Leisure and Physical Education -i.e. Minister for Sports-, 14 March 1938 to 10 April 1938 in the 2nd Léon Blum government.
Mass and professional sport
Quotation from some of Léo Lagrange's speeches:
“ In sport, we must choose between two conceptions: - the first is summarized as sport as a spectacle and a practice restricted to a relatively small number of privileged people, - according to the second design, while not neglecting the spectacular aspect and the creation of champions, it is on the side of the great masses on which we have to carry out the main effort. We want the worker, the peasant and the unemployed person to find in leisure the joy of living and the feeling of their dignity ”. (Léo Lagrange, speech of 10 June 1936.)
" Our simple and human goal, is to allow to the masses of French youths to find in the practice of sport, joy and health and to build an organization of leisure activities so that the workers can find relaxation and a reward to their hard labour. " (Léo Lagrange, Under Secretary of State to Youth and at the Leisures, 1936.)
" Our concern is less to create champions and to lead into the Stadium 22 players in front of 40,000 or 100,000 spectators, than to invite the youths of our country to regularly go and enter onto the pitch of the stadiums, of the playing fields, to the swimming pool ". (Léo Lagrange, discussion of the budget in the French National Assembly, 1937, quoted by J.P.Callède, ibid)
" If we have to make a joint effort in the sporting field, like in numerous others, it is a moral effort. I listened with a great interest to Mr. Temple who revealed the frightening dangers of the development of professional sport. Alas! when it is accepted that a human gesture which, by its nature has to be disinterested, becomes the source of important profits, the right measurement is very difficult to determine. I believe that the day when it has been admitted that play in the stadiums can be the source of important profits, we will have strongly destroyed the morality of sport. Also, with all my force and whatever the criticism, sometimes severe, of my action, I will oppose myself to the development of professional sport in our country. I hold in Parliament the responsibility to act in the interest of all the French youth, and not to create a new circus spectacle" (Léo Lagrange, Under-Secretary of State for Sport, Leisure and Physical Education -i.e. Minister for the Sport-, defines and specifies his policy, 3 December 1937, in front of the French National Assembly.)
Sports and the SFIO
At the same time, Fascism was instrumentalizing sports for a militarist end, while the SFIO had denounced it as a "bourgeois" and "reactionary" activity. That is, until the Popular Front, when it began to use it as a military and patriotic preparation, in anticipation of a conflict with Nazi Germany. Some SFIO members were not immune to the scientific racism discourse of the times. Thus, Georges Barthélémy, SFIO deputy, could declare that sport contributes to the "improvement of relations between capital and labour, henceforth to the elimination of the concept of class struggle," in a perfect corporatist conception. Barthélémy also considered sport as a "mean to prevent the moral and physical degeneration of the race." In this light, as well as in the modern professionalisation and mediatization of sports, Léo Lagrange's conception takes all its sense, both in opposition to his times and in its modernity.
Posthumous homage
The Socialist Party created a popular association of education bearing its name: National Federation Léo Lagrange.
The Paris Metro station Villejuif - Léo Lagrange is named for him.
Many streets in France are named after him.
See also
Popular Front (1936-1938)
Sources
First draft: La Vie Rémoise, sport documents, parliamentary documents
Main source for Lagrange and the People's Olympiad: "Le 9 juillet 1936, le Front populaire choisit les Jeux Olympiques d'Hitler plutôt que les Olympiades populaires de Barcelone", Le Monde libertaire, Summer 2006 (available here with photos, etc.)
External links
Caricatures
Memorial in Évergnicourt
1900 births
1940 deaths
People from Gironde
People of the French Third Republic
French Section of the Workers' International politicians
Lycée Henri-IV alumni
French military personnel killed in World War II |
Zalaistvánd is a village in Zala County, Hungary.
References
Populated places in Zala County |
O'Neil Wilson (born January 17, 1978 in Scarborough, Ontario) is a Canadian football wide receiver who is currently a free agent. He has previously played for the BC Lions of the Canadian Football League. He was drafted in the 3rd round of the 2004 CFL Draft by the Montreal Alouettes. He played college football at UConn.
Wilson has also played for the Winnipeg Blue Bombers and Hamilton Tiger-Cats. He was also spent a brief stint on the Toronto Argonauts practice roster in 2011.
External links
Toronto Argonauts bio
BC Lions bio
1978 births
Living people
BC Lions players
Canadian football wide receivers
UConn Huskies football players
Hamilton Tiger-Cats players
Montreal Alouettes players
Players of Canadian football from Ontario
Sportspeople from Scarborough, Toronto
Canadian football people from Toronto
Winnipeg Blue Bombers players
Toronto Argonauts players |
Oren Patashnik (born 1954) is an American computer scientist. He is notable for co-creating BibTeX, and co-writing Concrete Mathematics: A Foundation for Computer Science. He is a researcher at the Center for Communications Research, La Jolla, and lives nearby in San Diego. Oren and his wife Amy have three children, Josh, Ariel, and Jeremy.
History
Oren Patashnik graduated from Yale University in 1976, and later became a doctoral student in computer science at Stanford University, where his research was supervised by Donald Knuth.
While working at Bell Labs in 1980, Patashnik proved that Qubic can always be won by the first player. Using 1500 hours of computer time, Patashnik's proof is a notable example of a computer-assisted proof.
In 1985, Patashnik created the bibliography-system, BibTeX, in collaboration with Leslie Lamport, the creator of LaTeX. LaTeX is a system and programming language for formatting documents, which is especially designed for mathematical documents. BibTeX is a widely used bibliography-formatting tool for LaTeX.
In 1988, Patashnik assisted Ronald Graham and Donald Knuth in writing Concrete Mathematics: A Foundation for Computer Science, an important mathematical publication and college textbook.
In 1990, he got his doctorate in computer science. His thesis paper was about "Optimal Circuit Segmentation for Pseudo-Exhaustive Testing" .
After the 2003 Cedar Fire destroyed 60% of the houses in his immediate neighborhood, his statistical study showed that houses with a wood-shake shingle roof did very badly, but surprisingly, so did houses with a Spanish-style, curved-red-tile roof.
Notes
References
(PDF) "How to Win at Tic-Tac-Toe" (Mathellaneous, July 2005, University of Melbourne) - 11-page article with a section relating Patashnik's effort on Qubic
Credits of Concrete Mathematics
1954 births
Living people
American computer scientists
Jewish American scientists
Jewish scientists
Yale University alumni
Timothy Dwight College alumni
Stanford University alumni
BibTeX |
Chenghua District () is an urban district of the City of Chengdu, capital of Sichuan, China.
Chenghua District covers part of the eastern portion of the city. it had a population of 938,785 residing in an area of . The district is bordered by Xindu District to the northeast, Longquanyi District to the southeast, Jinjiang District to the south, and Jinniu District to the west.
Education
The Chengdu University of Technology is also located in Chenghua.
References
External links
Districts of Chengdu |
The Apostolic Vicariate of England (and Wales) was an ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Roman Catholic Church in England and Wales. It was led by a vicar apostolic (or apostolic vicar) who was a titular bishop. The apostolic vicariate was created in 1623 and was divided into four districts in 1688.
Background
Soon after the accession of Queen Elizabeth I, in 1559, the bishops of England and Wales were forced to choose between taking the Oath of Supremacy, thus denying the authority of the Pope, and losing their episcopal sees. Those who chose to continue their allegiance to Rome were subsequently deposed and replaced in their sees by priests of the Church of England. Most of the deposed Bishops were imprisoned in various locations and died in captivity over a period of years, though some left the country and continued their work overseas. The last of the deposed bishops was Thomas Goldwell, Bishop of St Asaph, who died in Rome on April 3, 1585.
Apostolic Vicariate of England (and Wales)
In 1623, after 65 years of formal absence from England, Pope Urban VIII decided once again to appoint a bishop with actual jurisdiction in England. His choice fell upon William Bishop, who was given the title of Apostolic Vicar of England. Bishop landed secretly in England at midnight on 31 July 1623, but was to die only nine months later.
Bishop was succeeded in office by Richard Smith, also ordained a bishop, who arrived in England in April 1625. However, two warrants were issued for Smith's arrest in August 1631, and he was forced to resign and flee to France, where he eventually died in Paris in 1655. After 1631, there was no Roman Catholic bishop in England for another 54 years, and the void was to some extent filled by a dean and chapter of rather unsure legal status, first established by Bishop and confirmed by Smith.
It was only in 1685 that a successor was appointed by Rome, in the person of John Leyburn, a Doctor of Divinity of the Sorbonne and a former President of the English College at Douai, who was consecrated bishop in Rome on 9 September 1685. In 1623, Bishop had divided England into six areas, at the head of each of which he placed a superior with the title of vicar general, and this had remained the system thereafter. Leyburn reduced these six areas to four. In the summer of 1687 he toured the North of England and confirmed over 20,000 Catholics there.
On 30 January 1688, the number of bishops in England and Wales was increased by the Pope to four vicars apostolic, as a result of which the single apostolic vicariate was divided into the London, Midland, Northern and Western districts.
Office holders
List of Archpriests
List of Vicars Apostolic
See also
Religion in the United Kingdom
Roman Catholicism in England and Wales
Roman Catholicism in the United Kingdom
References
Bibliography
History of Catholicism in England
England and Wales
England and Wales
England and Wales |
CBQR-FM is a Canadian radio station, broadcasting at 105.1 FM in Rankin Inlet, Nunavut. It is a station of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation.
History
The station launched in 1971 when it began broadcasting as CBQR on 1110 kHz. In 1973, CBQR moved to 1160 and remained on that frequency until it moved to 105.1 MHz in 1987.
Local programming
CBQR-FM carries the Nunavut regional radio service of CBC North, much of which originates at CFFB Iqaluit. The afternoon program Tusaajaksat, which focuses on the Kivalliq Region, originates from CBQR. Some of the CBC North regional programs air in both English and Inuktitut, others are only in Inuktitut.
The station also differs significantly from the main CBC Radio One schedule. Qulliq airs until 9 a.m. Central Time, and is followed by abbreviated broadcasts of The Current and q. In the afternoons, programming in Inuktitut, including Tausunni from Iqaluit and Tuttavik from the CBC North bureau in Kuujjuaq, Quebec, air in place of the national network programs.
Subsequently, in the evenings, the Inuktitut cultural magazines Ullumi Tusaqsauqaujut and Sinnaksautit air at 9 and 9:30 p.m. Central Time respectively; the Radio One schedule continues at 10 p.m.
Rebroadcasters
On September 20, 2019, the CBC received approval to revoke the "originating station" broadcast licence for CBQR and its rebroadcasters. They will now officially simulcast CFFB Iqaluit.
See also
CFFB
References
External links
CBC North
Decision CRTC 87-230
Bqr
Bqr
Year of establishment missing |
Zverevo () is a rural locality (a village) in Chernushinsky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 518 as of 2010. There are 18 streets.
Geography
Zverevo is located 6 km northeast of Chernushka (the district's administrative centre) by road. Chernushka is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Chernushinsky District |
Chavoy () is a commune in the Manche department in Normandy in north-western France.
See also
Communes of the Manche department
References
Communes of Manche |
Wuxu Airport railway station () is a railway station in Jiangnan District, Nanning, Guangxi, China. It is an intermediate station on the Nanning–Pingxiang high-speed railway. The station opened on 5 December 2022.
The railway station is adjacent to Terminal 2 of Nanning Wuxu International Airport. The planned Terminal 3 will be located at the other side of the station.
References
Railway stations in Guangxi
Airport railway stations in China
Railway stations opened in 2022 |
Since 1950, India has been hosting head of state or government of another country as the state guest of honour for Republic Day celebrations in New Delhi. During 1950–1954, Republic Day celebrations were organised at different venues (like Irwin Amphitheatre, Kingsway, Red Fort and Ramlila Maidan). It was only starting 1955 when the parade in its present form was organised at Rajpath. The guest country is chosen after a deliberation of strategic, economic and political interests. During 1950s–1970s, a number of Non-Aligned Movement and Eastern Bloc countries were hosted by India. In 1968 and 1974, India played host to two countries on the same Republic Day.
By continent, the invitations break up as follows:
By geographic region, the invitations break up as follows:
List of chief guests
Notes
References
Republic days
Chief guests at Delhi Republic Day parade |
The Cape of Good Hope is a 2004 South African comedy drama film written and produced by Suzanne Kay and Mark Bamford under the direction of Mark Bamford. It was Mark Bamford's first feature film after his critically praised short, Hero (2001).
The film premiered at the Tribeca Film Festival and the Cannes Film Festival in 2004.
Plot
Afrikaner Kate runs a Cape Town animal shelter, is involved with a married man, and is oblivious to the romantic attentions of Morne, a local veterinarian. The shelter's East Indian receptionist Sharifa is desperately struggling to have a child with her husband. Meanwhile, Congolese handyman Jean Claude finds himself torn between his growing love for a black South African single mother and his dreams of emigrating to Canada.
Cast
Debbie Brown as Kate
Eriq Ebouaney as Jean Claude
Nthati Moshesh as Lindiwe
Morne Visser as Morne
Quanita Adams as Sharifa
David Isaacs as Habib
Kamo Masilo as Thabo
Nick Boraine as Stephen van Heern
Gideon Emery as Miles
Awards
Austin Film Festival, 2004 - Won, Audience award: Best Narrative Feature-Undistributed; Mark Bamford
Austin Film Festival, 2004 - Won, Feature Film Award: Best Narrative Feature; Mark Bamford
National Board of Review, USA, 2005 - Won, Special Recognition: For Excellence on Filmmaking
Image Awards, 2006 - Nominated, Image Award: Outstanding Independent or Foreign Film
External links
2004 films
Afrikaans-language films
English-language South African films
Xhosa-language films
Films shot in South Africa
2004 comedy-drama films
Hyperlink films
South African comedy-drama films
Films set in Cape Town |
With a Smile and a Song is an album featuring Doris Day and Jimmy Joyce and the Children's Chorus, recorded from July 7 to 14, 1964 and released by Columbia Records on October 19, 1964. It was issued as a monophonic album (catalog number CL-2266) and a stereophonic album (catalog number CS-9066). Allyn Ferguson arranged and conducted the album.
Track listing
"Give a Little Whistle" (Leigh Harline, Ned Washington) - 2:07
"The Children's Marching Song (Nick Nack Paddy Whack)" - 1:54
"Getting to Know You" (Richard Rodgers, Oscar Hammerstein II) - 3:05
"Zip-a-dee-doo-dah" (Allie Wrubel, Ray Gilbert) - 1:57
"The Lilac Tree" (George H. Gartlan) - 2:02
"High Hopes" (Jimmy Van Heusen, Sammy Cahn) - 2:17
"Do-Re-Mi" (Richard Rodgers, Oscar Hammerstein II) - 2:21
"Whatever Will Be, Will Be (Que Sera, Sera)" (Jay Livingston, Ray Evans) (1964 Remake)
"The Inch-worm" (Frank Loesser)
"Swinging on a Star" (Jimmy Van Heusen, Johnny Burke)
"Sleepy Baby" (Martin Broones, Paul Francis Webster)
"With a Smile and a Song" (Leigh Harline, Frank Churchill)
1964 albums
Doris Day albums
Columbia Records albums
albums arranged by Allyn Ferguson |
NCAA Football 14 is an American football video game published by EA Sports and developed by EA Tiburon. Part of the NCAA Football series, it is the successor to NCAA Football 13. Despite the game's positive critical and commercial reception, no sequel was produced the following year. Due to legal issues surrounding the game's use of college player likenesses, NCAA Football 2014 was the last installment of the NCAA Football series. As the most recent entry in the dormant series, the game continues to be played, with unofficial roster updates being released reflecting subsequent seasons.
Development
NCAA Football 14 is part of Electronic Arts's NCAA Football video game series. Part of the game's development focused on improving its user interface and presentation, with a mantra to "keep things fast" and "keep things moving". The changes included a streamlined main menu (replacing a graphically intensive menu design modeled upon the ESPN College Football graphics package), a shorter pre-game segment, more varied in-game vignettes, and a new halftime show with ESPN's Rece Davis and David Pollack. The game featured Kirk Herbstreit and Brad Nessler as commentators.
On March 10, 2013, it was announced that former Michigan quarterback Denard Robinson would be the cover athlete for the game. A fan vote beginning on December 5, 2012, allowed fans to choose what teams would be represented on the cover. After it was narrowed down to 32, a second round of voting narrowed it down to 16. A third round reduced it to 8 teams with players. Players also vying for the cover were Eddie Lacy, Kenjon Barner, Jarvis Jones, EJ Manuel, Ryan Swope, Andre Ware, John Simon, and Tyler Eifert.
Reception
NCAA Football 14 has an aggregate score for both the Xbox 360 and PS3 versions on Metacritic of 77. The aggregate score on Gamerankings for the PS3 version is 77.27%, and for Xbox 360 it is 78.42%.
The game received mixed reviews. GameSpot gave the game a 6/10, praising the on-field action but criticizing the unnecessary experience system, the recruiting process, and the lack of significant changes from NCAA Football 13. IGN, who gave the game a 7.4/10, had similar comments, praising the fun running game and improvements to Dynasty Mode, but criticizing online servers, the dated visuals, and the "generic" feel to the game.
NCAA Football 14 was a commercial success, selling over 1 million copies.
New features
On July 5, 2013, the new features for the game were announced.
New Infinity Engine 2
Acceleration Burst
Ball Hawk Pass Defense Assist
New combo moves
Force impact ball carrier moves
Force impact tackling
Hard Cuts
New hurdle interactions
Revamped option types
Nike Skills Trainer
New run blocking AI
New stamina system
Stumble recovery
New camera angles
Ultimate Team
Power Recruiting
Neutral site games
Coach Skills
Coach Contracts
2013 Season Mode
New Commentary, Pregame and Halftime Show
Streamlined Menus
New chants, fight songs, and player chatter
New teams
Three new NCAA Football Bowl Subdivision (FBS) teams were added to NCAA Football 14: Georgia State, Old Dominion, and South Alabama. South Alabama joined the FBS in 2012 but had been left out of NCAA Football 13. Georgia State and South Alabama joined the Sun Belt while Old Dominion was soon to join Conference USA. This brought the total number of teams in the game up from 123 to 126.
Teams and ratings
Future of series
As of 2023, NCAA Football 2014 is the most recent installment of EA Sports NCAA series. The main reason behind the decision was the ongoing debate on whether NCAA athletes should receive payment. Many players argued the game series used their likeness, yet they saw no compensation. Despite the series stagnation, dedicated fans have been putting in a collective effort to keep the rosters updated to the best of the game's allowed capabilities via online roster updates and sports forums.
College Football Revamped
College Football Revamped is a mod for NCAA Football 14 created by fans, it includes updated rosters, team logos, fields, and the College Football Playoff, for NCAA Football 14 was released in the BCS era.
College Football Revamped has an overhauled menu screen, better graphics and lighting and it has updated team rankings.
College Football Revamped adds all new FBS teams when they join the subdivision, except Liberty. The following teams were removed from the game to add the new teams for the mod:
Idaho to Appalachian State
UConn to Charlotte
New Mexico State to Coastal Carolina
UMass to Georgia Southern
FIU to James Madison
EA Sports College Football
On February 2, 2021, EA Sports announced via Twitter that the NCAA Football video game series will be returning in the near future for next generation consoles, in an iteration called EA Sports College Football.
See also
Madden NFL 25
NCAA Football 13
References
2013 video games
Electronic Arts games
Video games set in the United States
College football video games
EA Sports games
North America-exclusive video games
High school American football video games
PlayStation 3 games
Video games developed in Canada
Video games set in 2013
Xbox 360 games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
NCAA video games
Video games developed in the United States
EA Tiburon games |
Artisans Asylum is a non-profit community workshop in Allston, Massachusetts. Artisans Asylum was founded in 2010 by an engineer, an artist, and friends who needed an affordable place to build and make things. Artisans was the first makerspace to incorporate in the U.S. in 2012 and today is 40,000 square feet of fabrication space.
Artisans hosts over 430 members, 160 studios, and 15 workshops. Shops include woodworking, welding, bicycle maintenance and repair, machining, electronics and robotics, jewelry, digital fabrication, a digital photo studio, fiber arts, casting, laser cutting, CNC machines, prop shop, and design lab. The Asylum hosts 30-40 public classes each month, providing hands-on tool training and skills-building courses. As of 2013, the Asylum housed 40 or 50 small manufacturing companies, and raised the number of manufacturing firms in Somerville by 50%. The Asylum is credited with attracting the greentech incubator Greentown Labs to Somerville and contributing to the creative economy in Somerville.
In 2017, Artisans Asylum was featured around the web for hosting MegaBots Inc. as they built their 4.9 meter tall robot fighter, EaglePrime. On October 17, EaglePrime defeated Kuratas, a 6.5 ton battle robot build by Japanese company Suidobashi. The fight was hosted in an abandoned steel mill in Japan, and was live streamed on Twitch.
References
External links
Hackerspaces
Hacker culture |
Richard Weldon may refer to:
Richard B. Weldon Jr. (born 1958), state senator in Maryland
Richard Chapman Weldon (1849–1925), Canadian law professor
Richard L. Weldon (born 1932), Canadian politician |
The Centre national de la photographie is a French association managed by the Ministry of Culture, dedicated to photography and contemporary art.
In 2004 it merged with the "Patrimoine photographique" to create the association of the Galerie nationale du Jeu de Paume, funded by the Ministry of Culture and directed by Alain-Dominique Perrin.
Its archives are preserved and can be consulted at the Archives nationales.
References
External links
Centre national de la photographie on IDREF
Photography museums and galleries in France |
Alberton is a Canadian town located in Prince County, Prince Edward Island. It is situated in the western part of the county in the township of Lot 5.
Alberton is a service centre for local fishing and farming communities, and is adjacent to the community and harbour of Northport.
History
The area was long settled by the Mi'kmaq Nation. Europeans first ventured to the area in 1534 when French explorer Jacques Cartier recorded making landfall at nearby Cape Kildare during his journey of discovery in the Gulf of St. Lawrence and St. Lawrence River. Acadians settled on the island in small numbers through the 17th and 18th centuries but only moved in greater numbers to the western part of Ile-Saint-Jean and specifically north of present-day Alberton to the Tignish area following their expulsion by British military forces in the late 1750s.
Following British victory over France, the island's sovereignty passed to Britain in 1763. In 1765, Captain Samuel Holland surveyed the island and the British government instituted a feudal system of land ownership. The township of Lot 5, which contains present-day Alberton, was granted to Edward Lewis, a British Member of Parliament in the 1767 land lottery.
Northport, located near present-day Alberton began to be settled in the 1780s after Lewis made plans for a small trading town called "Lewis Town". Located at Bury Head in Northport, it was established in June 1788 and was first populated by local Acadians who had escaped expulsion three decades before British settlements. Scottish and Devonshire settlers were brought in by Lewis to settle his township.
A local shipbuilding industry and lumber trade at Northport brought prosperity to the area throughout the 1800s, although this went into decline as more forested areas were lost to agriculture, on account of the excellent soils in the area.
Alberton started to take shape in the 1840s and underwent several name changes including Cross Roads, The Cross, and Stump Town. The nearby shipbuilding, lumber and shipping industries had resulted in developing a sustainable community which was a major trade centre in western Prince County. In 1862, it was named in honour of Albert Edward, the Prince of Wales, who later became King Edward VII and who had visited Prince Edward Island in 1860. The community was named Alberton on 27 June 1862.
Railways and other constructions
In 1872, the Prince Edward Island Railway was constructed, making the port at Northport, adjacent to Alberton, its western terminus. It connected Alberton with communities to the east such as O'Leary, Summerside, Charlottetown, Georgetown and Souris.
The western terminus was subsequently extended further from Alberton to Tignish in a sharp diversion just east of the Alberton passenger station, where a wye was constructed and a small railway yard, leading to the spur to Northport. Alberton went into its own terminus during this period, with various mills, manufacturing businesses, stores and services. The community became a village in 1878, and became home to a court house and justice centre for western Prince County that year.
Alberton became the centre of the worldwide silver fox industry when Charles Dalton and Robert Oulton began farming the fur-bearing animals on an island in the harbour at Northport in 1894, bringing tremendous prosperity to area residents and business owners. Despite a fire that devastated part of the town the following year, Alberton quickly reflected its growing economic importance of the village. The railway constructed a new passenger station designed by architect Charles Benjamin Chappell for Alberton in the early 1900s entirely out of stone, one of only two such stations on the island (the other being in Kensington).
The fox farming industry brought increased growth in the population and tax base for the community, which resulted in an upgrade from village status, becoming an incorporated town in May 1913. Silver fox farming remained profitable through the 1940s. Many distinctive houses in the community are a reminder of the fortunes that were made during this period.
The Western Hospital was constructed in 1945 and was the first hospital built west of Summerside. The public library opened in 1951, followed by the federal government building in 1962 and the Jacques Cartier Arena and a community museum in 1964. The original Maplewood Manor nursing home operated from 1967 to 2011, and was replaced by the new Maplewood Manor nursing home, in the autumn of 2011.
Geography
Alberton is roughly halfway between Tignish and O'Leary, and is situated along the north shore of the island, fronting the open Gulf of St. Lawrence. It has a land area of approximately .
90 km : Confederation Bridge (to New Brunswick)
120 km : Charlottetown
66 km : Summerside
176 km : Wood Islands ferry (to Nova Scotia)
Climate
Alberton experiences a humid continental climate (Köppen Dfb) similar to that of coastal Hokkaido, being somewhat less extreme due to the island condition and being surrounded by the Gulf of St Lawrence. The amount of rain recorded on a single day was 102 mm on 5 August 1989 and the daily record of snowfall was 56.1 cm on 15 December 2003. Although the odors associated with fishing and shipping, according to one 2008 report air quality agrees the criteria of regulatory projects of the same.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Alberton had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
Economy
The majority of the Alberton work force is employed in the service sector, serving a surrounding population of 5000 residents in western Prince County.
Fishing
The fishing industry in the adjacent community of Northport is a significant economic activity, with landings by fishing boats totalling 3 million kilograms of species such as American lobster, mussels, snow crab, soft-shell clams, cod, herring, American plaice, mackerel, sea scallop, yellowtail, eel, winter flounder, smelt, rock crab, tomcod, silversides, porbeagle, and blue shark.
Source: 1996, DFO
Agriculture
The agriculture industry in areas surrounding Alberton is dominated by farmers growing potatoes that are used for table stock, French fries, potato chips or cooking, although a significant number of seed growers are in the area as well.
Education
In 2011 Holland College West Prince Campus opened the doors in a new facility located in the centre of Alberton. The town has private day care and publicly funded kindergarten facilities, as well as Alberton Elementary School (gr. 1–6, 234 students). Students are also transported by bus to the more centrally located Merritt E. Callaghan Intermediate School (gr. 7–9, 378 students) and Westisle Composite High School (gr. 10–12, 748 students), both being located in nearby communities.
Infrastructure
Transportation
Alberton is located on Route 12, which is part of the North Cape Coastal Drive. The town is several kilometers northeast of Route 2, the main provincial east–west secondary highway. Alberton Harbor in Northport is administered by the small craft harbors division of the federal Department of Fisheries and Oceans.
Health care
Alberton is home to the Western Hospital which serves the area with 25 acute care beds and 2 palliative care beds. There is a pharmacy, and a 24-hour medical clinic located at the hospital. In addition, there is Maplewood Manor which is a long-term care facility, and the new Rev W.J. Phillips Residence which offers 25 units of enriched residential care.
Amenities
The town is in close proximity to three provincial parks: Mill River Provincial Park, Bloomfield Provincial Park, and Jacques Cartier Provincial Park. It is also located on the Confederation Trail for walking, running and bicycling in the summer.
The area offers opportunities for recreational fishing at Gallant's Pond, Arsenault's Pond, Blanchard's Pond, Gordon's Pond, Warren's Pond, Black
Pond, Leard's Pond, MacAusland's Pond, Livingstone's Pond, Mill River Bridge,
Cain's Brook, Miminegash River, Little Tignish River, the Old Dam Site on the
Mill River, the Trout River, and the Little and Big Pierre Jacques Rivers. Atlantic Salmon can also be fished (using a fly) in Leard's Pond and Trout River after the middle of June.
Historic Sites
The Alberton Court House was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1981. It has housed the Alberton Museum since 1980 and contains various displays from its collection pertaining to the area.
The town park contains a monument to the pioneers of silver fox farming, Robert Oulton and Charles Dalton.
Facilities
Facilities include:
Holland College West Prince Campus
Alberton Community Centre (bowling lanes, bingo,)
Alberton Elementary School
Alberton Library
Iron Haven Gym
Jacques Cartier Memorial Arena
Maplewood Manor
Stone Station Park
Prince County Exhibition Grounds
Town Community Room
Veterans Memorial Park
Western Community Curling Club
soccer field
two baseball diamonds
Events
The Prince County Exhibition is held every August and features livestock shows, exhibits, meals, racing, youth talent, strongman competition, and a midway.
Other events include the Alberton Day Festival, Canada Day .
Churches
Alberton has seven churches:
Alberton Baptist Church
Alberton Presbyterian Church
Apostolic Pentecostal
Gordon Memorial United Church of Canada
Kingdom Hall of Jehovah's Witness
Sacred Heart Roman Catholic Church
St. Peter's Anglican Church
Media
The Journal Pioneer, a weekly newspaper published in Summerside, maintains its office for western Prince County in Alberton.
The West Prince Graphic is a weekly newspaper serving the western part of Prince County and is published locally.
A bi-weekly advertising paper called the Penny Saver is published and distributed to all the residents of Western PEI.
Notable people
Herbert Bell, politician
Joe O'Brien, driver
See also
Royal eponyms in Canada
References
External links
Communities in Prince County, Prince Edward Island
Towns in Prince Edward Island
Populated coastal places in Canada
Populated places established in 1534
1534 establishments in the French colonial empire |
James 5 is the fifth (and final) chapter of the Epistle of James in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. The author identifies himself as "James, a servant of God and of the Lord Jesus Christ" and the epistle is traditionally attributed to James the brother of Jesus, written in Jerusalem between 48 and 61 CE. Alternatively, some scholars argue that it is a pseudographical work written after 61 CE. This chapter contains a warning to the rich and an exhortation to be patient until the coming of the Lord.
Text
The original text was written in Koine Greek. This chapter is divided into 20 verses.
Textual witnesses
Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter are:
Greek
Papyrus 100 (3rd century; extant verse 1)
Codex Vaticanus (325-350)
Codex Sinaiticus (330-360)
Codex Alexandrinus (400-440)
Codex Ephraemi Rescriptus (ca. 450; extant verse 1)
Papyrus 74 (7th century; complete)
Coptic
Papyrus 6 (~AD 350; all verses).
Latin
León palimpsest (7th century; complete)
Warning to the Rich (5:1–3)
Written like an abbreviation of Jesus' criticism against the rich ().
The Oppression of the Poor and the Just (5:4-6)
This section exposes the unjust ways of the rich who gain their goods by oppressing the poor.
Patience until the Coming of the Lord (5:7-20)
Verse 11
Indeed we count them blessed who endure. You have heard of the perseverance of Job and seen the end intended by the Lord—that the Lord is very compassionate and merciful.
Job was not a prophet, but as a righteous man he is used in Jewish stories circulating in James' day to represent the 'perfect example of patient endurance'.
Verse 12
But above all, my brethren, do not swear, either by heaven or by earth or with any other oath. But let your "Yes" be "Yes," and your "No," "No," lest you fall into judgment.
Cross reference: Matthew 5:37
Verse 16
Confess your trespasses to one another, and pray for one another, that you may be healed. The effective, fervent prayer of a righteous man avails much.
"Confess your faults one to another": Sins committed against one another should be acknowledged for mutual forgiveness and reconciliation at all times.
"A righteous man": a person, who is justified by Christ's righteousness; also the upright and sincere one, such as Job, Joseph of Arimathea, and others; even though not without sin, as shown in the following verse: "Elijah was a man of like passions", but a just man, and his prayer was prevalent.
"The effectual fervent (Greek: , ) prayer" has power, which is with the Spirit, not in a cold, lukewarm, lifeless, formal, and customary way. The Vulgate Latin version renders it, "daily", which is constant and continual prayer, without ceasing, as in the parable of the widow and the unjust judge. Some translate the word "inspired": the Spirit of God breathes into men the breath of spiritual life, or may be rendered "inwrought", as a true prayer is not what is written in a book, but what is wrought in the heart, by the Spirit of God; and such prayer is always heard, and regarded by him. The Jews have a great notion of prayer as 'the power of prayer', is strong; and extol it above all other services, it is better than good works, or than offerings and sacrifices; and particularly, the prayer of righteous men may turn "the holy blessed God from wrath to mercy".
Verse 17
Elijah was a man with a nature like ours, and he prayed earnestly that it would not rain, and it did not rain on the earth for three years and six months.
"Elijah" (Greek: Elias, as in KJV): points to the prophet "Elijah the Tishbite". The Septuagint renders the name in Greek Elias in Malachi 4:5, just as written in the Greek text of this verse. During his life, he was being charged by King Ahab as a "troubler of Israel", and persecuted by Jezebel, who tried to kill him, but was fed by ravens, by the widow of Zarephath, and by an angel; also, he asked to die, but by the wonderful power of God, he can see God, who "translated him, that he should not see death".
"A man with a nature like ours": James gives an instance of earnest and fervent efficacious prayer in Elijah, in accordance with Jewish tradition (2 Esdras 7:109; m. Ta'an. 2:4; b. Sanh. 113a), in particular the example of Elijah and his prayer for rain (). James says that he was a "man", in contrast to some Jewish notion that Elijah was not born of a father and mother, but was an angel, who was clothed with the four elements of the world. Also, he was by nature no better than others, as he himself confesses that he was no better than his fathers (). Furthermore, Elijah was "subject to like passions as we are" (KJV; Greek , , "of_like_nature to_us") both in body and soul; he suffered hunger and was not free from sinful passions, as impatience, fear, and unbelief (; , , ).
"Prayed earnestly": or "prayed in prayer" as in Jewish literature it is said "he prayed his prayer" or, in other way of saying, "they prayed prayers", not merely externally or formally, but with great intenseness of the Spirit. The first time, he prayed "that it might not rain", then later, he may have prayed each of the seven times he sent his servant to look out for a sign of rain (). The prayer "that it would not rain" (KJV: "that it might not rain") is not recorded implicitly, but can be deducted from () where he says, "as the Lord God of Israel liveth, before whom I stand, there shall not be dew, nor rain, these years, but according to my word"; as such the passage is understood by the Jewish commentators that the phrase, "before whom I stand", is paraphrased as "before whom I am used to stand", "in prayer". Another phrase, "according to my word", is interpreted, that the rain should not come naturally, but it should only descend when Elijah "prayed for it", and it was so. According to early church tradition, James himself was known as 'just' (dikaios) and a man of powerful prayer,
"On the earth": means "on the land of Israel", as this was in judgment upon the Kingdom of Israel in the times of Ahab. This instance of prayer is mentioned, not to be imitated, as Christians are not to pray for judgments, unless they receive a divine order for it as Elijah had, but to show the efficacy of prayer uttered according to the will of God.
"Three years and six months": This exactly agrees with the words of Jesus Christ (Luke 4:25), although this time span is not found in the text of Old Testament.
See also
Elijah
Job
Related Bible parts: 1 Kings 17, 1 Kings 19, Job 6, Job 13, Job 42, Luke 4, Galatians 5
References
Sources
External links
King James Bible - Wikisource
English Translation with Parallel Latin Vulgate
Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English)
Multiple bible versions at Bible Gateway (NKJV, NIV, NRSV etc.)
05 |
Crayon Pop () is a South Korean girl group formed under Chrome Entertainment in 2012. The group consisted of four members: Geummi, Ellin, Choa, and Way. Their fifth member, Soyul, left the group in 2017.
Crayon Pop officially debuted in July 2012 with their performance of "Saturday Night" on Mnet's M! Countdown. Their first EP was not a commercial success, and when their song "Dancing Queen" was released in October, the group had few opportunities to promote on music shows. Instead they held guerrilla performances on the streets of Seoul, which helped increase their fanbase. Crayon Pop gained a huge increase in popularity following the release of their single album "Bar Bar Bar" in June 2013. The group's unique stage outfits and choreography gained public attention, and made the title song a viral hit. It eventually managed to reach number 1 on Billboard's K-Pop Hot 100. Crayon Pop was able to earn numerous awards, including the New Rising Star Award at the Golden Disk Awards, the Hot Trend Award at the MelOn Music Awards, and Best New Female Artist at the Mnet Asian Music Awards.
The group has held solo concerts in South Korea, Japan and Taiwan, and has also performed in other countries including Australia and China. Throughout June and July 2014, the group was an opening act Lady Gaga's ArtRave: The Artpop Ball concert tour. Crayon Pop performed for it in 12 cities around the United States and Canada. Following their appearance in the Artpop tour, the group debuted their first subunit in October. The unit is named Strawberry Milk, and consists of the twin members Choa and Way. In March 2015, Crayon Pop released their second mini album FM, for which they used Super Sentai inspired costumes.
They released the song "RaRiRuRe" in June of that same year, which was their debut in the Japanese music market. The group continued their Japanese promotions with their second single "Dancing All Night" in November. Their first Japanese studio album Crayon Pop was released January 2016, and it ranked #11 on Oricon's Daily Album Charts. Crayon Pop collaborated with Mexican boy band CD9 in August, to release the song "Get Dumb". In September, Crayon Pop released the song "Vroom Vroom" ahead of their first album Crayon Pop Evolution Pop Vol. 1. They soon released the music video for "Doo Doom Chit", another song that would feature on the track list of the album.
On 19 April 2017, the group announced their contracts with Chrome Media had ended in March and they had gone their separate ways, although they would not be officially disbanding. On 30 May, it was revealed that Way, Choa, Geummi and Ellin would continue to promote as Crayon Pop under Chrome Entertainment, but Soyul had chosen to leave the group.
History
Pre-debut
The group was initially named Hurricane Pop, and consisted of members Serang (Yang Se-hyeon), Geummi (Baek Bo-ram), Ellin (Kim Min-young), Choa (Heo Min-jin), and Soyul (Park Hye-kyeong). Chrome Entertainment's CEO, Hwang Hyun-chang, did not consider candidates who were taller than 165 cm or had a sexy image, because he wanted a group of ordinary girls. Soyul was the first member to be accepted, and Geummi was the next to join. Serang, under the name Mari, had formerly been the leader of the disbanded girl group Coin Jackson. Ellin was referred to Chrome Entertainment by Chrome's dance choreographer and was accepted after her third audition. Choa was recommended to the company by Way, her twin sister. Way had been invited to audition, but was unable to do so because she was a member of the indie band N.Dolphin. Singer Bumkey was involved in the audition process and also supervised the group's vocal training.
The group recorded their first song 'Bing Bing' as Hurricane Pop. In January 2012, they performed the song live for the first time in Hangzhou, China. The performance of "Bing Bing" was filmed for the Chinese television drama Curry Campus. A music video for their song was filmed in February, but Serang left the group in May to pursue an acting career. After Serang's departure, Way was given another chance to join the group and she left N.Dolphin. Shortly before their debut the group's name was changed to Crayon Pop, as Chrome Entertainment thought the name Hurricane Pop would be insensitive in light of Japan's tsunamis. The members' stage names were chosen by the company's CEO, although several of them had input into the choice.
2012: Debut with Crayon Pop 1st Mini Album and Dancing Queen
Crayon Pop began their promotions in Japan in May 2012, using their time there to film music videos for "Bing Bing". The group released both the Korean and Japanese music videos in June. The music video for their debut single "Saturday Night" was released on 17 July, followed by a Japanese version, as well as an alternate version with new footage, on 24 July. Crayon Pop's first EP, Crayon Pop 1st Mini Album, was released digitally on 18 July and included both "Bing Bing" and "Saturday Night". The group made their official stage debut the following day on 19 July, performing "Saturday Night" on Mnet's M! Countdown. Crayon Pop's debut did not receive much attention and their album was not commercially successful. Chrome Entertainment's CEO later revealed that the album had depleted all the company's money.
Crayon Pop released a digital single album, "Dancing Queen", on 24 October 2012. Besides the title track, it also included a remixed version of "Bing Bing". In order to stand out from other girl groups, Crayon Pop wore tracksuits instead of more feminine clothing. After seeing a performance of "Dancing Queen", Kangin and Shindong of Super Junior praised the song and group, with Shindong saying "I'd love to produce a girl group like them". Crayon Pop was only invited to perform on music shows three times, and they were not able to have a typical promotion cycle. As a result, they took to the streets and promoted "Dancing Queen" with guerrilla performances, which often took place in extremely cold weather. Chrome Entertainment also produced a reality web series about the group, titled Crayon Pop TV. Through these activities, Crayon Pop developed a loyal fanbase, especially of "uncle fans" called "Pop-jeossi" (from the Korean word ajeossi).
2013: Success in Japan, "Bar Bar Bar" and rising popularity
Crayon Pop returned to Japan and held a mini-concert on 6 January 2013 in Shibuya, Tokyo. Tickets went on sale on 11 December 2012, and sold out in less than an hour. As a result of considerable demand from fans unable to purchase tickets, Chrome Entertainment announced that another Japanese concert would be held at a later date, and a second mini-concert was staged in Osaka on 22 February. On 25 January, Crayon Pop began promoting the remixed version of "Bing Bing", which included a popping dance break to Daft Punk's "Harder, Better, Faster, Stronger" instead of the original rap verse. They had a "delinquent schoolgirl" concept with new choreography, and wore tracksuits or school uniforms with tracksuit pants. On 19 May, a third Japanese mini-concert was held in Shibuya, Tokyo. A new Japanese member, Arisa, was to be revealed at this concert, but she had withdrawn from the group before the performance.
On 8 June, Crayon Pop performed a preview version of their new song "Bar Bar Bar". The unusual dance featured choreographed jumping, and they wore scooter helmets, polo shirts, and tracksuit pants with skirts. A story version music video was released on 13 June, a week before the song's digital release on 20 June. Three days later, a dance version music video was released. Filmed with a budget of only 380,000 won (US$347), the music video went viral and Crayon Pop drew interest due to their unique stage outfits and choreography. This music video has more than 64 million views on YouTube as of March 2021.
As "Bar Bar Bar" went viral, it began to climb the Korean digital music charts, eventually reaching the upper positions of most major real time chart listings. It stayed at the top of Billboard's Korea K-Pop Hot 100 chart for more than a month, and ranked number 1 for the first time eight weeks after release. "Bar Bar Bar" solidified its viral status when a parody video was aired on a segment of SNL Korea on 13 August. That same day, it was announced that Crayon Pop had signed a contract with Sony Music Entertainment, who were inspired by the groups' creativity and uniqueness and saw their global market potential. Crayon Pop scored their first music show win when "Bar Bar Bar" won first place on Music Bank on 30 August, beating EXO's "Growl". On 9 September, a "Global Version" music video was released ahead of Crayon Pop's second mini album, The Streets Go Disco, which was released on 26 September under the Sony Music label. This album consisted of their four previous singles and remixes of those songs. A music video for the title track, "Dancing Queen 2.0", was released along with the album. "Bar Bar Bar" earned Chrome Entertainment US$2 million in the year after its release, and Crayon Pop was able to move from their small row house in Nonhyeon-dong to a luxury "villa" apartment due to their increased income.
Crayon Pop's rising popularity also brought them criticism. Netizens accused the group of being affiliated with the right-wing website Ilbe after Way used the phrase nomu nomu (노무노무) on Twitter. This phrase was popularized on Ilbe and was used to criticize former president Roh Moo-hyun. It was then discovered that Chrome Entertainment's CEO previously mentioned the website on Twitter. CEO Hwang responded by saying he was registered on many popular online communities, including Ilbe, in order to gather information about singers and girl groups. He also stated that Way's phrase was an example of aegyo and she was not even aware of the website. However, the controversy continued and several of the group's scheduled events were cancelled after criticism from the public. Online auction company Auction stopped broadcasting its new TV commercial featuring Crayon Pop after widespread customer complaints. The controversy resurfaced in January 2014 after Ellin allegedly used the Ilbe hand sign, but Chrome Entertainment explained that Ellin was forming the letter "E" with her hand, and all the Crayon Pop members have alphabet hand signs that signify their names.
Due to Crayon Pop's increased popularity, they had more opportunities to perform. On 27 July, they held their first mini-concert in South Korea. The group first performed in China on 9 August at the 23rd Qingdao International Beer Festival, and they performed in the United States for the first time at KCON on 25 August. On 30 October, Crayon Pop held a solo concert titled 1st POPCON in Seoul. As a token of appreciation, the concert was free to attend and 100%, My Name, Bumkey and The SeeYa appeared as special guests. The concert was broadcast on MBC Music on 12 November. Crayon Pop held another solo concert, 2nd POPCON in Tokyo, on 15 November at Zepp DiverCity, Tokyo with more than 2,000 fans, 30 media outlets, and 200 representatives in the music industry in attendance. In November, Sony Music sponsored a week-long trip to Sydney, Australia, where the group held two performances and fan signing events. They also appeared on several Australian TV shows, including SBS PopAsia, and did a guerrilla performance in front of the Sydney Opera House.
On 22 November, Crayon Pop collaborated with Norwegian duo, Ylvis, to perform a special stage at the Mnet Asian Music Awards in Hong Kong. Crayon Pop received their first major award, Best New Female Artist, while Ylvis won the International Favorite Artist award. Crayon Pop received many other awards throughout the awards season, including the Hot Trend Award at the MelOn Music Awards, Artist of the Year on KBS Song Festival, New Rising Star at the Golden Disk Awards, the New Artist Award at the Seoul Music Awards, and the Hot Trend Award at the Gaon Chart K-Pop Awards.
Crayon Pop released a Christmas single, "Lonely Christmas", on 26 November. The music video was released on 1 December and featured costumes designed by Gu Donghyun on OnStyle's Fashion Killa. They had their comeback stage on M! Countdown on 5 December, and promotion continued through the end of the month. The song peaked at number 12 on the Gaon Digital Chart and was number 1 on the Social Chart for four weeks in a row.
2014: Uh-ee and Lady Gaga tour
On 5 February, Crayon Pop and rock singer Kim Jang-hoon released "Hero" for the Korea Firefighters Project. The entire profits of the song were donated to the families of firefighters who had died in the line of duty. Crayon Pop and Kim Jang-hoon (called "Cray-Hoon Pop") also held two free concerts, attended by 3,500 municipal officials, firefighters, and bereaved family members of firefighters.
Crayon Pop's sixth single, "Uh-ee", was released on 1 April. The music video had more than one million views on YouTube in one day, and featured cameos from DJ DOC's Kim Chang-ryeol, Bumkey, and comedian Yoon Sung-ho. The song is an electro house dance song mixed with trot music, and Crayon Pop wore hanbok-inspired clothing while performing. They began promoting the song on 3 April on Mnet's Global M! Countdown. The song peaked at number 8 on Billboard'''s K-Pop Hot 100 and number 10 on the Gaon Digital Chart before promotion prematurely ended due to the sinking of the motor vessel Sewol on 16 April.
On 20 June, Crayon Pop released their first soundtrack single, "Hey Mister", for the television drama Trot Lovers. The disco-pop dance track played during the closing credits of the drama. Choa made her acting debut in High School: Love On in July, and on 26 September, Crayon Pop released the single "C'mon C'mon" for the drama's soundtrack. Earlier in the year, they had recorded a Korean-language version of "Everything Is Awesome" for the Korean dub of The Lego Movie, which was released theatrically in South Korea on 6 February.
Crayon Pop performed in various countries throughout the year. They were the opening act for Hunan TV's Lantern Festival Program on 14 February, marking their debut on a television show in Mainland China. On 23 March, Crayon Pop held their first fan meeting in Hong Kong, which was attended by more than 1,000 fans and more than 70 media outlets. On 3 May, Crayon Pop returned to the United States and performed at the Korean Music Festival in Los Angeles. The group performed in Indonesia for the first time on 2 June at the Asian Dream Cup in Jakarta. On 21 June, they performed at Chrome Entertainment's concert titled Chrome Happy Concert in Cheongju. On 24 August, Crayon Pop held their first mini-concert in Taiwan at the Taipei International Convention Center, with more than 1,200 people in attendance. On 16 November, the group performed at the Pop Idol 2014 Asian Performing Arts Awards Concert in Shanghai, China, to an audience of more than 80,000 people.
From 26 June to 22 July, the group was the opening act for Lady Gaga's ArtRave: The Artpop Ball concert tour in Milwaukee, Atlantic City, Boston, Montreal, Buffalo, Toronto, Chicago, San Antonio, Houston, Dallas, Las Vegas and Los Angeles. They were the second Korean act to perform as an opening act for Lady Gaga, the first being Lee Jung-hyun in 2009. Lady Gaga had asked Crayon Pop to open all 29 concerts in North America, but they only agreed to one month because they needed to work on their first full-length album. For each of the thirteen concerts, they were on stage for thirty minutes and performed all six of their singles. On 11 July, while in Chicago, Crayon Pop performed "Bar Bar Bar" on the WGN Morning News. On 22 July, Crayon Pop held a fan meeting in Los Angeles; this was their first fan meeting in the United States.
On 4 October, Crayon Pop took part in the First Chrome Family in Japan Concert in Shinagawa, Tokyo. At this concert, it was announced that Crayon Pop would make their Japanese debut in 2015. On 7 October, it was announced that Crayon Pop had signed with Japanese record label Pony Canyon, and a mini album, Pop! Pop! Pop!, was released in Japan on 19 November. The album includes three previously unreleased tracks: EDM remixes of "Bar Bar Bar" and "Uh-ee", and "Bbyong Song", a new song written by Song Ji Hoon of Dumb & Dumber. In its first week of release, the album ranked number 48 on the weekly Oricon Albums Chart. Crayon Pop held three mini-concerts in Toyosu and Shibuya, Tokyo on 6 December to promote the album.
In October, Crayon Pop was chosen as public relations ambassadors by the Asian Injury Prevention Foundation and Save the Children to help promote the 7% Project, a nationwide campaign in Thailand for increasing motorcycle helmet use among children. The highlight of the campaign was a mini-concert, Crayon Pop Live in Bangkok, held outside the Bangkok Art and Culture Centre on 23 November to an audience of more than 1,000 people. This concert officially launched the 7% Project and was Crayon Pop's first performance in Thailand. During their three-day stay in Bangkok, Crayon Pop also participated in a news conference about the campaign, attended by more than 50 media outlets, and appeared on Rueng Lao Chao Nee, the most popular morning television program in Thailand.
The first Chrome Family project, a single album titled 2014 Chrome Family – A Very Special Christmas, was released digitally on 3 December. The single, "Love Christmas", featured all the Chrome Entertainment artists, including Crayon Pop.
2015: FM and Japanese debut
On 22 January, the group released a song for Chinese New Year, "123 Happy New Year". The song was a collaboration with the Chinese boy group, DT Boys, and is Crayon Pop's first Chinese release. Crayon Pop's second mini album, FM was released on 27 March. The title track, "FM", was written by hitmaker Shinsadong Tiger and has a "female warrior" concept. The group first performed the song at K-Pop Night Out at SXSW in Austin, Texas on 19 March.
After promotion ended for "FM", Crayon Pop released the single "Sup (Wassup)" () featuring Robin Deiana. The single, released 4 May, was part 11 in the Artist Diary Project. In the 2015 Girl Group Rankings list created by Sports Chosun, Crayon Pop were found in the 'Popularity Maginot Line', with other well known groups such as T-ara and Dal Shabet.
The group's first Japanese single, titled "Rarirure" (), was released on 22 July the same year. The song debuted at #25 on the Oricon Charts A second Japanese single, "Dancing All Night", was released on 18 November and debuted at #17.
2016–present: Japanese promotions, first Korean album, indefinite hiatus, Soyul's departure and Reunion
Crayon Pop's first Japanese studio album was released on 20 January 2016. The album included their previous Japanese singles as well as Japanese versions of their Korean songs. Later that month, the group held concerts in Tokyo, Nagoya and Kobe as "Crayon Pop 1st Japan Tour 2016". The Nagoya concert was filmed and released on DVD as Pop in Japan on 16 March. Crayon Pop was featured on Mexican boy band CD9's single "Get Dumb", released on 24 August in two versions – English and "K-Mex" (Spanish and Korean).
On 7 September, their official YouTube channel released a teaser for their pre-release digital song 'Vroom Vroom', later fully releasing the song on the 9th. Before their official comeback, their company Chrome Entertainment announced their upcoming album would be a 'renewal', and that the members would play a large role in the process. The group released their first Korean studio album Evolution Pop Vol.1 with lead single "Doo Doom Chit" on 26 September. After a few weeks of promotion on various music shows, it was announced member Soyul would be on a short hiatus after developing anxiety disorder during the preparations for the album. The group continued promotions as 4. On 24 November, Soyul announced through her official Daum Cafe that she was engaged to ex-idol Moon Hee Jun. The sudden announcement gained much attention from the general public, and later it was announced that the two would wed in February 2017. Still as a group of four, Crayon Pop held an event named Winter Party on 19 February, which was co-hosted with Internet crowdfunding platform makestar.co and funded by the fans. Project participants were able to choose from several different sets of goods available for the respective amounts of money, although the donors who had pledged the equivalent of $860.90 were exclusively invited to participate in the event. Throughout the project's duration, a total of 323 contributors donated together $52,093.40.
On 1 February 2017, Chrome Entertainment released a statement discussing Crayon Pop's impending contract expirations, announcing their contracts would expire in March and they had previously not discussed the issue of re-signing with the company. On 19 April 2017, Chrome Entertainment released a statement about the groups' contracts, stating that they had expired, and the girls had gone their separate ways, with Choa and Way looking to sign with musical agencies, Geummi and Ellin "preparing for new activities" and Soyul remaining "on break" (due to her marriage to Moon Hee Jun). While disbandment was not confirmed, the members would be focusing on their solo careers, in effect putting the group on indefinite hiatus. Chrome Entertainment later released a statement contradicting this, saying Way's contract ended in May, not in March as previously stated.
On 8 May, it was confirmed that although both parties had repeatedly denied the rumours of a pregnancy and shotgun marriage, Soyul was pregnant and would be giving birth to a girl the same month.
On 31 May, an announcement was made that Geummi, Ellin, Choa and Way signed a non-exclusive contract under Chrome Entertainment to promote as Crayon Pop, however their solo careers would be managed by other labels. The statement specified that the group would be on a hiatus while the members worked on their solo careers. It was also revealed Soyul had withdrawn from the group to focus on her new family. In a separate statement, Chrome Entertainment wrote "Soyul in her current situation is dedicated to parenting, so Crayon Pop will act as a 4-member group, for the time being".
After news of Geummi's signing with Climix Entertainment on 26 September, Chrome Entertainment reiterated that Crayon Pop had not disbanded, and that while group activities would be managed by the company, solo activities would be handled by other companies the girls had signed with.
On 22 December 2019, Soyul, ChoA and Geummi were featured on Way's YouTube channel where they reacted to old Crayon Pop videos. All of them, with the exception of Ellin, were featured on KBS2's The Return of Superman, where Soyul's family are regular cast members.
Musical style
Crayon Pop's music is often described as electropop and disco-pop dance music with addictive and repetitive lyrics and melodies. Their first single, "Saturday Night", was a 1980s-inspired "electro-pop dance song with a retro melody". After the release of "Bar Bar Bar", Corynn Smith of MTV called Crayon Pop "a disco-pop K-Pop group that is obviously having a blast" with "bafflingly simple lyrics and unexpected choreography." Pops in Seoul described "Lonely Christmas" as "a dance song with funk and disco sounds", while Billboard magazine noted the song's catchy hook and energetic synths, trumpets and guitars.
Crayon Pop's sixth single, "Uh-ee", is a mix of electronic sounds and trot. Chrome Entertainment called the genre "house electronic trot" because it "is composed of fast beats and strong electronic sounds with addictive trot melody". Billboard described the song as having a hyper-techno dance beat that would fit into Dance Dance Revolution, while the dance routine was "more like an intense aerobic workout than a silly dance".
Members
Geummi ()
Ellin ()
Choa ()
Way ()
Soyul ()
Subgroups
Strawberry Milk
Strawberry Milk () is Crayon Pop's first subgroup, featuring twins Choa and Way. Chrome Entertainment announced the subgroup (also called a unit or sub-unit) on 29 September 2014. Their debut album, The 1st Mini Album, was released on 15 October, along with a music video for the title track, "OK". Another song on the album, "Let Me Know", was written by Way. The lyrics are based on the twins' struggle to become singers.
In April 2015, Choa and Way were featured on Kim Yoo-min's "Road" (), the lead single from his debut mini album (released under the stage name, Bear Planet). The sisters also played two of the lead roles in the music video. On 13 January 2016, the sisters released the single "I Hate You" (). On 2 July, they released the single "Always" () for the soundtrack of the television drama Mirror of the Witch.
In 2017, both Choa and Way started a YouTube vlogging channel, which the two would share together and post regularly. At the beginning of December, it was announced via the twins' Instagram accounts that they would release a Christmas duet titled 'Christmas For You' on the 16th of that month.
On 5 September 2019 they released "My Universe" as Choa & Way, not Strawberry Milk.
Discography
Crayon Pop (2016)
Evolution Pop Vol. 1'' (2016)
Filmography
Television shows
Web series
See also
List of awards and nominations received by Crayon Pop
Notes
References
External links
Blog about Crayon Pop
South Korean girl groups
South Korean dance music groups
K-pop music groups
Musical groups established in 2012
MAMA Award winners
Melon Music Award winners
Sibling musical groups
2012 establishments in South Korea |
The State Route System in Alabama uses the standard numbering convention: odd numbers signify a north–south state route, and even numbers signify an east–west route. Often more than one route number shares the same roadway, so identifying which route the mile markers are for is often difficult.
In no case does a state route number mirror a U.S. Highway number. As such, the following state routes do not exist: 11, 29, 31, 43, 45, 72, 78, 80, 82, 84, 90, 98, 231, 278, 280, 331, 411, or 431.
State routes list
Lengths are from ADOT Milepost Maps unless otherwise noted
See also
References
External links
Alabama Department of Transportation, 95th Annual Report (PDF) (includes a route log on pages 91–102)
Alabama State Highway Ending Photos
State routes |
Ivachina () is a rural locality (a village) in Krasnovishersky District, Perm Krai, Russia. The population was 12 as of 2010. There is 1 street.
Geography
Ivachina is located 30 km south of Krasnovishersk (the district's administrative centre) by road. Bychina is the nearest rural locality.
References
Rural localities in Krasnovishersky District |
Jiangsu Sainty may refer to:
Jiangsu Sainty International Group, parent company of the football club and the listed company, now an intermediate holding company of
Jiangsu F.C., formerly known as Jiangsu Sainty F.C., Chinese football club based in Nanjing
Jiangsu Sainty (company), Chinese listed clothing company based in Nanjing |
TADA! Youth Theater, founded in 1984 is a New York City theater company that runs several programs for children and young adults, including original mainstage productions and arts education programs.
History
TADA! Youth Theater produces three original musical theater productions a year, offering pre-professional training through the Resident Youth Ensemble composed of over 80 New York City kids ages 8–18, in-school Arts Education residencies and after-school programs, and theater classes for kids of all ages taught by professional teaching artists and for which need-based scholarships are available.
The company has commissioned the creation of dozens of original musicals since founded in 1984, such as;
1984, 2000 - Little House of Cookies (adapted by Janine Nina Trevins, music and lyrics by Joel Gelpe);
2008 - Golly Gee Whiz, (Music, book and lyrics by Eric Rockwell and Joanne Bogart);
2011 - Odd Day Rain, (book by Janine Nina Trevens, music and lyrics by Deirdre Broderick);
Princess Phooey (Book and lyrics by Lisa Diana Shapiro, music by Eric Rockwell);
Up To You (book and music by Eric Rockwell, lyrics by Joanne Bogart).
Maggie and the Pirate (based on the book by Ezra Jack Keats, book and lyrics by Winnie Holzman, music by David Evan)
The ensemble performs three pre-professional musicals a year, open to the public. Members also receive free vocal, acting, and dance training. Several TADA! participants of the ensemble have gained publicity since participating in the program, including Amar Ramasar, Josh Peck, Kerry Washington, Azealia Banks, Jordan Peele, Ricki Lake, Mizuo Peck and AJR. The education programs offer classes to children. Included in the education department are outreach programs, which provide classes at schools in boroughs other than Manhattan.
References
External links
Drama Desk Award winners
Children's Theatre companies in New York City |
Montreal Ukrainians (Sports Association Montreal Ukrainians, ) is a Canadian soccer team based in Montreal. The club was founded by Ukrainians that had settled in Montreal after the Second World War.
History
The club has had a very storied history, considering it was formed by such the Ukrainian diaspora group in 20 November 1949. The team primarily played in the National Soccer League until 1964, although it spent the 1963 season in the Eastern Canada Professional Soccer League.
Year-by-year
Honours
Canada Soccer Football Championship
Winners (1): 1957 Carling’s Red Cap Trophy / Challenge Trophy
Runners up (2): 1955, 1969
Amateur Montreal League Champions: 7
1950, 1956, 1958, 1961, 1965, 1969
Amateur Quebec Championship League Champions: 7
1955, 1957, 1969, 1972, 1978, 1979, 1980
See also
Toronto Ukrainians
References
Notes
External links
Українська футбольна діаспора
Кленовый лист на вышиванке
Canadian Soccer League
Canadian National Soccer League teams
Ukr
Ukrainian association football clubs outside Ukraine
Association football clubs established in 1949
Ukrainian diaspora in Canada
Ukrainian-Canadian culture
1949 establishments in Quebec
Diaspora sports clubs in Canada |
```prolog
#! /usr/bin/env perl
#
# in the file LICENSE in the source distribution or at
# path_to_url
# ====================================================================
# Written by Andy Polyakov <appro@openssl.org> for the OpenSSL
# project. The module is, however, dual licensed under OpenSSL and
# CRYPTOGAMS licenses depending on where you obtain it. For further
# details see path_to_url~appro/cryptogams/.
# ====================================================================
# I let hardware handle unaligned input, except on page boundaries
# (see below for details). Otherwise straightforward implementation
# with X vector in register bank.
# sha256 | sha512
# -m64 -m32 | -m64 -m32
# --------------------------------------+-----------------------
# PPC970,gcc-4.0.0 +50% +38% | +40% +410%(*)
# Power6,xlc-7 +150% +90% | +100% +430%(*)
#
# (*) 64-bit code in 32-bit application context, which actually is
# on TODO list. It should be noted that for safe deployment in
# 32-bit *multi-threaded* context asynchronous signals should be
# blocked upon entry to SHA512 block routine. This is because
# 32-bit signaling procedure invalidates upper halves of GPRs.
# Context switch procedure preserves them, but not signaling:-(
# Second version is true multi-thread safe. Trouble with the original
# version was that it was using thread local storage pointer register.
# Well, it scrupulously preserved it, but the problem would arise the
# moment asynchronous signal was delivered and signal handler would
# dereference the TLS pointer. While it's never the case in openssl
# application or test suite, we have to respect this scenario and not
# use TLS pointer register. Alternative would be to require caller to
# block signals prior calling this routine. For the record, in 32-bit
# context R2 serves as TLS pointer, while in 64-bit context - R13.
$flavour=shift;
$output =shift;
if ($flavour =~ /64/) {
$SIZE_T=8;
$LRSAVE=2*$SIZE_T;
$STU="stdu";
$UCMP="cmpld";
$SHL="sldi";
$POP="ld";
$PUSH="std";
} elsif ($flavour =~ /32/) {
$SIZE_T=4;
$LRSAVE=$SIZE_T;
$STU="stwu";
$UCMP="cmplw";
$SHL="slwi";
$POP="lwz";
$PUSH="stw";
} else { die "nonsense $flavour"; }
$LITTLE_ENDIAN = ($flavour=~/le$/) ? $SIZE_T : 0;
$0 =~ m/(.*[\/\\])[^\/\\]+$/; $dir=$1;
( $xlate="${dir}ppc-xlate.pl" and -f $xlate ) or
( $xlate="${dir}../../perlasm/ppc-xlate.pl" and -f $xlate) or
die "can't locate ppc-xlate.pl";
open STDOUT,"| $^X $xlate $flavour $output" || die "can't call $xlate: $!";
if ($output =~ /512/) {
$func="sha512_block_ppc";
$SZ=8;
@Sigma0=(28,34,39);
@Sigma1=(14,18,41);
@sigma0=(1, 8, 7);
@sigma1=(19,61, 6);
$rounds=80;
$LD="ld";
$ST="std";
$ROR="rotrdi";
$SHR="srdi";
} else {
$func="sha256_block_ppc";
$SZ=4;
@Sigma0=( 2,13,22);
@Sigma1=( 6,11,25);
@sigma0=( 7,18, 3);
@sigma1=(17,19,10);
$rounds=64;
$LD="lwz";
$ST="stw";
$ROR="rotrwi";
$SHR="srwi";
}
$FRAME=32*$SIZE_T+16*$SZ;
$LOCALS=6*$SIZE_T;
$sp ="r1";
$toc="r2";
$ctx="r3"; # zapped by $a0
$inp="r4"; # zapped by $a1
$num="r5"; # zapped by $t0
$T ="r0";
$a0 ="r3";
$a1 ="r4";
$t0 ="r5";
$t1 ="r6";
$Tbl="r7";
$A ="r8";
$B ="r9";
$C ="r10";
$D ="r11";
$E ="r12";
$F =$t1; $t1 = "r0"; # stay away from "r13";
$G ="r14";
$H ="r15";
@V=($A,$B,$C,$D,$E,$F,$G,$H);
@X=("r16","r17","r18","r19","r20","r21","r22","r23",
"r24","r25","r26","r27","r28","r29","r30","r31");
$inp="r31" if($SZ==4 || $SIZE_T==8); # reassigned $inp! aliases with @X[15]
sub ROUND_00_15 {
my ($i,$a,$b,$c,$d,$e,$f,$g,$h)=@_;
$code.=<<___;
$ROR $a0,$e,$Sigma1[0]
$ROR $a1,$e,$Sigma1[1]
and $t0,$f,$e
xor $a0,$a0,$a1
add $h,$h,$t1
andc $t1,$g,$e
$ROR $a1,$a1,`$Sigma1[2]-$Sigma1[1]`
or $t0,$t0,$t1 ; Ch(e,f,g)
add $h,$h,@X[$i%16]
xor $a0,$a0,$a1 ; Sigma1(e)
add $h,$h,$t0
add $h,$h,$a0
$ROR $a0,$a,$Sigma0[0]
$ROR $a1,$a,$Sigma0[1]
and $t0,$a,$b
and $t1,$a,$c
xor $a0,$a0,$a1
$ROR $a1,$a1,`$Sigma0[2]-$Sigma0[1]`
xor $t0,$t0,$t1
and $t1,$b,$c
xor $a0,$a0,$a1 ; Sigma0(a)
add $d,$d,$h
xor $t0,$t0,$t1 ; Maj(a,b,c)
___
$code.=<<___ if ($i<15);
$LD $t1,`($i+1)*$SZ`($Tbl)
___
$code.=<<___;
add $h,$h,$a0
add $h,$h,$t0
___
}
sub ROUND_16_xx {
my ($i,$a,$b,$c,$d,$e,$f,$g,$h)=@_;
$i-=16;
$code.=<<___;
$ROR $a0,@X[($i+1)%16],$sigma0[0]
$ROR $a1,@X[($i+1)%16],$sigma0[1]
$ROR $t0,@X[($i+14)%16],$sigma1[0]
$ROR $t1,@X[($i+14)%16],$sigma1[1]
xor $a0,$a0,$a1
$SHR $a1,@X[($i+1)%16],$sigma0[2]
xor $t0,$t0,$t1
$SHR $t1,@X[($i+14)%16],$sigma1[2]
add @X[$i],@X[$i],@X[($i+9)%16]
xor $a0,$a0,$a1 ; sigma0(X[(i+1)&0x0f])
xor $t0,$t0,$t1 ; sigma1(X[(i+14)&0x0f])
$LD $t1,`$i*$SZ`($Tbl)
add @X[$i],@X[$i],$a0
add @X[$i],@X[$i],$t0
___
&ROUND_00_15($i+16,$a,$b,$c,$d,$e,$f,$g,$h);
}
$code=<<___;
.machine "any"
.text
.globl $func
.align 6
$func:
$STU $sp,-$FRAME($sp)
mflr r0
$SHL $num,$num,`log(16*$SZ)/log(2)`
$PUSH $ctx,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*22`($sp)
$PUSH r14,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*18`($sp)
$PUSH r15,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*17`($sp)
$PUSH r16,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*16`($sp)
$PUSH r17,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*15`($sp)
$PUSH r18,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*14`($sp)
$PUSH r19,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*13`($sp)
$PUSH r20,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*12`($sp)
$PUSH r21,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*11`($sp)
$PUSH r22,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*10`($sp)
$PUSH r23,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*9`($sp)
$PUSH r24,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*8`($sp)
$PUSH r25,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*7`($sp)
$PUSH r26,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*6`($sp)
$PUSH r27,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*5`($sp)
$PUSH r28,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*4`($sp)
$PUSH r29,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*3`($sp)
$PUSH r30,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*2`($sp)
$PUSH r31,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*1`($sp)
$PUSH r0,`$FRAME+$LRSAVE`($sp)
___
if ($SZ==4 || $SIZE_T==8) {
$code.=<<___;
$LD $A,`0*$SZ`($ctx)
mr $inp,r4 ; incarnate $inp
$LD $B,`1*$SZ`($ctx)
$LD $C,`2*$SZ`($ctx)
$LD $D,`3*$SZ`($ctx)
$LD $E,`4*$SZ`($ctx)
$LD $F,`5*$SZ`($ctx)
$LD $G,`6*$SZ`($ctx)
$LD $H,`7*$SZ`($ctx)
___
} else {
for ($i=16;$i<32;$i++) {
$code.=<<___;
lwz r$i,`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^(4*($i-16))`($ctx)
___
}
}
$code.=<<___;
bl LPICmeup
LPICedup:
andi. r0,$inp,3
bne Lunaligned
Laligned:
add $num,$inp,$num
$PUSH $num,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*24`($sp) ; end pointer
$PUSH $inp,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*23`($sp) ; inp pointer
bl Lsha2_block_private
b Ldone
; PowerPC specification allows an implementation to be ill-behaved
; upon unaligned access which crosses page boundary. "Better safe
; than sorry" principle makes me treat it specially. But I don't
; look for particular offending word, but rather for the input
; block which crosses the boundary. Once found that block is aligned
; and hashed separately...
.align 4
Lunaligned:
subfic $t1,$inp,4096
andi. $t1,$t1,`4096-16*$SZ` ; distance to closest page boundary
beq Lcross_page
$UCMP $num,$t1
ble Laligned ; didn't cross the page boundary
subfc $num,$t1,$num
add $t1,$inp,$t1
$PUSH $num,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*25`($sp) ; save real remaining num
$PUSH $t1,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*24`($sp) ; intermediate end pointer
$PUSH $inp,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*23`($sp) ; inp pointer
bl Lsha2_block_private
; $inp equals to the intermediate end pointer here
$POP $num,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*25`($sp) ; restore real remaining num
Lcross_page:
li $t1,`16*$SZ/4`
mtctr $t1
___
if ($SZ==4 || $SIZE_T==8) {
$code.=<<___;
addi r20,$sp,$LOCALS ; aligned spot below the frame
Lmemcpy:
lbz r16,0($inp)
lbz r17,1($inp)
lbz r18,2($inp)
lbz r19,3($inp)
addi $inp,$inp,4
stb r16,0(r20)
stb r17,1(r20)
stb r18,2(r20)
stb r19,3(r20)
addi r20,r20,4
bdnz Lmemcpy
___
} else {
$code.=<<___;
addi r12,$sp,$LOCALS ; aligned spot below the frame
Lmemcpy:
lbz r8,0($inp)
lbz r9,1($inp)
lbz r10,2($inp)
lbz r11,3($inp)
addi $inp,$inp,4
stb r8,0(r12)
stb r9,1(r12)
stb r10,2(r12)
stb r11,3(r12)
addi r12,r12,4
bdnz Lmemcpy
___
}
$code.=<<___;
$PUSH $inp,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*26`($sp) ; save real inp
addi $t1,$sp,`$LOCALS+16*$SZ` ; fictitious end pointer
addi $inp,$sp,$LOCALS ; fictitious inp pointer
$PUSH $num,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*25`($sp) ; save real num
$PUSH $t1,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*24`($sp) ; end pointer
$PUSH $inp,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*23`($sp) ; inp pointer
bl Lsha2_block_private
$POP $inp,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*26`($sp) ; restore real inp
$POP $num,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*25`($sp) ; restore real num
addic. $num,$num,`-16*$SZ` ; num--
bne Lunaligned
Ldone:
$POP r0,`$FRAME+$LRSAVE`($sp)
$POP r14,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*18`($sp)
$POP r15,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*17`($sp)
$POP r16,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*16`($sp)
$POP r17,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*15`($sp)
$POP r18,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*14`($sp)
$POP r19,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*13`($sp)
$POP r20,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*12`($sp)
$POP r21,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*11`($sp)
$POP r22,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*10`($sp)
$POP r23,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*9`($sp)
$POP r24,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*8`($sp)
$POP r25,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*7`($sp)
$POP r26,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*6`($sp)
$POP r27,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*5`($sp)
$POP r28,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*4`($sp)
$POP r29,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*3`($sp)
$POP r30,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*2`($sp)
$POP r31,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*1`($sp)
mtlr r0
addi $sp,$sp,$FRAME
blr
.long 0
.byte 0,12,4,1,0x80,18,3,0
.long 0
___
if ($SZ==4 || $SIZE_T==8) {
$code.=<<___;
.align 4
Lsha2_block_private:
$LD $t1,0($Tbl)
___
for($i=0;$i<16;$i++) {
$code.=<<___ if ($SZ==4 && !$LITTLE_ENDIAN);
lwz @X[$i],`$i*$SZ`($inp)
___
$code.=<<___ if ($SZ==4 && $LITTLE_ENDIAN);
lwz $a0,`$i*$SZ`($inp)
rotlwi @X[$i],$a0,8
rlwimi @X[$i],$a0,24,0,7
rlwimi @X[$i],$a0,24,16,23
___
# 64-bit loads are split to 2x32-bit ones, as CPU can't handle
# unaligned 64-bit loads, only 32-bit ones...
$code.=<<___ if ($SZ==8 && !$LITTLE_ENDIAN);
lwz $t0,`$i*$SZ`($inp)
lwz @X[$i],`$i*$SZ+4`($inp)
insrdi @X[$i],$t0,32,0
___
$code.=<<___ if ($SZ==8 && $LITTLE_ENDIAN);
lwz $a0,`$i*$SZ`($inp)
lwz $a1,`$i*$SZ+4`($inp)
rotlwi $t0,$a0,8
rotlwi @X[$i],$a1,8
rlwimi $t0,$a0,24,0,7
rlwimi @X[$i],$a1,24,0,7
rlwimi $t0,$a0,24,16,23
rlwimi @X[$i],$a1,24,16,23
insrdi @X[$i],$t0,32,0
___
&ROUND_00_15($i,@V);
unshift(@V,pop(@V));
}
$code.=<<___;
li $t0,`$rounds/16-1`
mtctr $t0
.align 4
Lrounds:
addi $Tbl,$Tbl,`16*$SZ`
___
for(;$i<32;$i++) {
&ROUND_16_xx($i,@V);
unshift(@V,pop(@V));
}
$code.=<<___;
bdnz Lrounds
$POP $ctx,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*22`($sp)
$POP $inp,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*23`($sp) ; inp pointer
$POP $num,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*24`($sp) ; end pointer
subi $Tbl,$Tbl,`($rounds-16)*$SZ` ; rewind Tbl
$LD r16,`0*$SZ`($ctx)
$LD r17,`1*$SZ`($ctx)
$LD r18,`2*$SZ`($ctx)
$LD r19,`3*$SZ`($ctx)
$LD r20,`4*$SZ`($ctx)
$LD r21,`5*$SZ`($ctx)
$LD r22,`6*$SZ`($ctx)
addi $inp,$inp,`16*$SZ` ; advance inp
$LD r23,`7*$SZ`($ctx)
add $A,$A,r16
add $B,$B,r17
$PUSH $inp,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*23`($sp)
add $C,$C,r18
$ST $A,`0*$SZ`($ctx)
add $D,$D,r19
$ST $B,`1*$SZ`($ctx)
add $E,$E,r20
$ST $C,`2*$SZ`($ctx)
add $F,$F,r21
$ST $D,`3*$SZ`($ctx)
add $G,$G,r22
$ST $E,`4*$SZ`($ctx)
add $H,$H,r23
$ST $F,`5*$SZ`($ctx)
$ST $G,`6*$SZ`($ctx)
$UCMP $inp,$num
$ST $H,`7*$SZ`($ctx)
bne Lsha2_block_private
blr
.long 0
.byte 0,12,0x14,0,0,0,0,0
.size $func,.-$func
___
} else {
########################################################################
# SHA512 for PPC32, X vector is off-loaded to stack...
#
# | sha512
# | -m32
# ----------------------+-----------------------
# PPC74x0,gcc-4.0.1 | +48%
# POWER6,gcc-4.4.6 | +124%(*)
# POWER7,gcc-4.4.6 | +79%(*)
# e300,gcc-4.1.0 | +167%
#
# (*) ~1/3 of -m64 result [and ~20% better than -m32 code generated
# by xlc-12.1]
my $XOFF=$LOCALS;
my @V=map("r$_",(16..31)); # A..H
my ($s0,$s1,$t0,$t1,$t2,$t3,$a0,$a1,$a2,$a3)=map("r$_",(0,5,6,8..12,14,15));
my ($x0,$x1)=("r3","r4"); # zaps $ctx and $inp
sub ROUND_00_15_ppc32 {
my ($i, $ahi,$alo,$bhi,$blo,$chi,$clo,$dhi,$dlo,
$ehi,$elo,$fhi,$flo,$ghi,$glo,$hhi,$hlo)=@_;
$code.=<<___;
lwz $t2,`$SZ*($i%16)+($LITTLE_ENDIAN^4)`($Tbl)
xor $a0,$flo,$glo
lwz $t3,`$SZ*($i%16)+($LITTLE_ENDIAN^0)`($Tbl)
xor $a1,$fhi,$ghi
addc $hlo,$hlo,$t0 ; h+=x[i]
stw $t0,`$XOFF+0+$SZ*($i%16)`($sp) ; save x[i]
srwi $s0,$elo,$Sigma1[0]
srwi $s1,$ehi,$Sigma1[0]
and $a0,$a0,$elo
adde $hhi,$hhi,$t1
and $a1,$a1,$ehi
stw $t1,`$XOFF+4+$SZ*($i%16)`($sp)
srwi $t0,$elo,$Sigma1[1]
srwi $t1,$ehi,$Sigma1[1]
addc $hlo,$hlo,$t2 ; h+=K512[i]
insrwi $s0,$ehi,$Sigma1[0],0
insrwi $s1,$elo,$Sigma1[0],0
xor $a0,$a0,$glo ; Ch(e,f,g)
adde $hhi,$hhi,$t3
xor $a1,$a1,$ghi
insrwi $t0,$ehi,$Sigma1[1],0
insrwi $t1,$elo,$Sigma1[1],0
addc $hlo,$hlo,$a0 ; h+=Ch(e,f,g)
srwi $t2,$ehi,$Sigma1[2]-32
srwi $t3,$elo,$Sigma1[2]-32
xor $s0,$s0,$t0
xor $s1,$s1,$t1
insrwi $t2,$elo,$Sigma1[2]-32,0
insrwi $t3,$ehi,$Sigma1[2]-32,0
xor $a0,$alo,$blo ; a^b, b^c in next round
adde $hhi,$hhi,$a1
xor $a1,$ahi,$bhi
xor $s0,$s0,$t2 ; Sigma1(e)
xor $s1,$s1,$t3
srwi $t0,$alo,$Sigma0[0]
and $a2,$a2,$a0
addc $hlo,$hlo,$s0 ; h+=Sigma1(e)
and $a3,$a3,$a1
srwi $t1,$ahi,$Sigma0[0]
srwi $s0,$ahi,$Sigma0[1]-32
adde $hhi,$hhi,$s1
srwi $s1,$alo,$Sigma0[1]-32
insrwi $t0,$ahi,$Sigma0[0],0
insrwi $t1,$alo,$Sigma0[0],0
xor $a2,$a2,$blo ; Maj(a,b,c)
addc $dlo,$dlo,$hlo ; d+=h
xor $a3,$a3,$bhi
insrwi $s0,$alo,$Sigma0[1]-32,0
insrwi $s1,$ahi,$Sigma0[1]-32,0
adde $dhi,$dhi,$hhi
srwi $t2,$ahi,$Sigma0[2]-32
srwi $t3,$alo,$Sigma0[2]-32
xor $s0,$s0,$t0
addc $hlo,$hlo,$a2 ; h+=Maj(a,b,c)
xor $s1,$s1,$t1
insrwi $t2,$alo,$Sigma0[2]-32,0
insrwi $t3,$ahi,$Sigma0[2]-32,0
adde $hhi,$hhi,$a3
___
$code.=<<___ if ($i>=15);
lwz $t0,`$XOFF+0+$SZ*(($i+2)%16)`($sp)
lwz $t1,`$XOFF+4+$SZ*(($i+2)%16)`($sp)
___
$code.=<<___ if ($i<15 && !$LITTLE_ENDIAN);
lwz $t1,`$SZ*($i+1)+0`($inp)
lwz $t0,`$SZ*($i+1)+4`($inp)
___
$code.=<<___ if ($i<15 && $LITTLE_ENDIAN);
lwz $a2,`$SZ*($i+1)+0`($inp)
lwz $a3,`$SZ*($i+1)+4`($inp)
rotlwi $t1,$a2,8
rotlwi $t0,$a3,8
rlwimi $t1,$a2,24,0,7
rlwimi $t0,$a3,24,0,7
rlwimi $t1,$a2,24,16,23
rlwimi $t0,$a3,24,16,23
___
$code.=<<___;
xor $s0,$s0,$t2 ; Sigma0(a)
xor $s1,$s1,$t3
addc $hlo,$hlo,$s0 ; h+=Sigma0(a)
adde $hhi,$hhi,$s1
___
$code.=<<___ if ($i==15);
lwz $x0,`$XOFF+0+$SZ*(($i+1)%16)`($sp)
lwz $x1,`$XOFF+4+$SZ*(($i+1)%16)`($sp)
___
}
sub ROUND_16_xx_ppc32 {
my ($i, $ahi,$alo,$bhi,$blo,$chi,$clo,$dhi,$dlo,
$ehi,$elo,$fhi,$flo,$ghi,$glo,$hhi,$hlo)=@_;
$code.=<<___;
srwi $s0,$t0,$sigma0[0]
srwi $s1,$t1,$sigma0[0]
srwi $t2,$t0,$sigma0[1]
srwi $t3,$t1,$sigma0[1]
insrwi $s0,$t1,$sigma0[0],0
insrwi $s1,$t0,$sigma0[0],0
srwi $a0,$t0,$sigma0[2]
insrwi $t2,$t1,$sigma0[1],0
insrwi $t3,$t0,$sigma0[1],0
insrwi $a0,$t1,$sigma0[2],0
xor $s0,$s0,$t2
lwz $t2,`$XOFF+0+$SZ*(($i+14)%16)`($sp)
srwi $a1,$t1,$sigma0[2]
xor $s1,$s1,$t3
lwz $t3,`$XOFF+4+$SZ*(($i+14)%16)`($sp)
xor $a0,$a0,$s0
srwi $s0,$t2,$sigma1[0]
xor $a1,$a1,$s1
srwi $s1,$t3,$sigma1[0]
addc $x0,$x0,$a0 ; x[i]+=sigma0(x[i+1])
srwi $a0,$t3,$sigma1[1]-32
insrwi $s0,$t3,$sigma1[0],0
insrwi $s1,$t2,$sigma1[0],0
adde $x1,$x1,$a1
srwi $a1,$t2,$sigma1[1]-32
insrwi $a0,$t2,$sigma1[1]-32,0
srwi $t2,$t2,$sigma1[2]
insrwi $a1,$t3,$sigma1[1]-32,0
insrwi $t2,$t3,$sigma1[2],0
xor $s0,$s0,$a0
lwz $a0,`$XOFF+0+$SZ*(($i+9)%16)`($sp)
srwi $t3,$t3,$sigma1[2]
xor $s1,$s1,$a1
lwz $a1,`$XOFF+4+$SZ*(($i+9)%16)`($sp)
xor $s0,$s0,$t2
addc $x0,$x0,$a0 ; x[i]+=x[i+9]
xor $s1,$s1,$t3
adde $x1,$x1,$a1
addc $x0,$x0,$s0 ; x[i]+=sigma1(x[i+14])
adde $x1,$x1,$s1
___
($t0,$t1,$x0,$x1) = ($x0,$x1,$t0,$t1);
&ROUND_00_15_ppc32(@_);
}
$code.=<<___;
.align 4
Lsha2_block_private:
___
$code.=<<___ if (!$LITTLE_ENDIAN);
lwz $t1,0($inp)
xor $a2,@V[3],@V[5] ; B^C, magic seed
lwz $t0,4($inp)
xor $a3,@V[2],@V[4]
___
$code.=<<___ if ($LITTLE_ENDIAN);
lwz $a1,0($inp)
xor $a2,@V[3],@V[5] ; B^C, magic seed
lwz $a0,4($inp)
xor $a3,@V[2],@V[4]
rotlwi $t1,$a1,8
rotlwi $t0,$a0,8
rlwimi $t1,$a1,24,0,7
rlwimi $t0,$a0,24,0,7
rlwimi $t1,$a1,24,16,23
rlwimi $t0,$a0,24,16,23
___
for($i=0;$i<16;$i++) {
&ROUND_00_15_ppc32($i,@V);
unshift(@V,pop(@V)); unshift(@V,pop(@V));
($a0,$a1,$a2,$a3) = ($a2,$a3,$a0,$a1);
}
$code.=<<___;
li $a0,`$rounds/16-1`
mtctr $a0
.align 4
Lrounds:
addi $Tbl,$Tbl,`16*$SZ`
___
for(;$i<32;$i++) {
&ROUND_16_xx_ppc32($i,@V);
unshift(@V,pop(@V)); unshift(@V,pop(@V));
($a0,$a1,$a2,$a3) = ($a2,$a3,$a0,$a1);
}
$code.=<<___;
bdnz Lrounds
$POP $ctx,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*22`($sp)
$POP $inp,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*23`($sp) ; inp pointer
$POP $num,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*24`($sp) ; end pointer
subi $Tbl,$Tbl,`($rounds-16)*$SZ` ; rewind Tbl
lwz $t0,`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^0`($ctx)
lwz $t1,`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^4`($ctx)
lwz $t2,`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^8`($ctx)
lwz $t3,`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^12`($ctx)
lwz $a0,`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^16`($ctx)
lwz $a1,`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^20`($ctx)
lwz $a2,`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^24`($ctx)
addc @V[1],@V[1],$t1
lwz $a3,`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^28`($ctx)
adde @V[0],@V[0],$t0
lwz $t0,`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^32`($ctx)
addc @V[3],@V[3],$t3
lwz $t1,`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^36`($ctx)
adde @V[2],@V[2],$t2
lwz $t2,`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^40`($ctx)
addc @V[5],@V[5],$a1
lwz $t3,`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^44`($ctx)
adde @V[4],@V[4],$a0
lwz $a0,`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^48`($ctx)
addc @V[7],@V[7],$a3
lwz $a1,`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^52`($ctx)
adde @V[6],@V[6],$a2
lwz $a2,`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^56`($ctx)
addc @V[9],@V[9],$t1
lwz $a3,`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^60`($ctx)
adde @V[8],@V[8],$t0
stw @V[0],`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^0`($ctx)
stw @V[1],`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^4`($ctx)
addc @V[11],@V[11],$t3
stw @V[2],`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^8`($ctx)
stw @V[3],`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^12`($ctx)
adde @V[10],@V[10],$t2
stw @V[4],`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^16`($ctx)
stw @V[5],`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^20`($ctx)
addc @V[13],@V[13],$a1
stw @V[6],`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^24`($ctx)
stw @V[7],`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^28`($ctx)
adde @V[12],@V[12],$a0
stw @V[8],`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^32`($ctx)
stw @V[9],`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^36`($ctx)
addc @V[15],@V[15],$a3
stw @V[10],`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^40`($ctx)
stw @V[11],`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^44`($ctx)
adde @V[14],@V[14],$a2
stw @V[12],`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^48`($ctx)
stw @V[13],`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^52`($ctx)
stw @V[14],`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^56`($ctx)
stw @V[15],`$LITTLE_ENDIAN^60`($ctx)
addi $inp,$inp,`16*$SZ` ; advance inp
$PUSH $inp,`$FRAME-$SIZE_T*23`($sp)
$UCMP $inp,$num
bne Lsha2_block_private
blr
.long 0
.byte 0,12,0x14,0,0,0,0,0
.size $func,.-$func
___
}
# Ugly hack here, because PPC assembler syntax seem to vary too
# much from platforms to platform...
$code.=<<___;
.align 6
LPICmeup:
mflr r0
bcl 20,31,\$+4
mflr $Tbl ; vvvvvv "distance" between . and 1st data entry
addi $Tbl,$Tbl,`64-8`
mtlr r0
blr
.long 0
.byte 0,12,0x14,0,0,0,0,0
.space `64-9*4`
___
$code.=<<___ if ($SZ==8);
.quad 0x428a2f98d728ae22,0x7137449123ef65cd
.quad 0xb5c0fbcfec4d3b2f,0xe9b5dba58189dbbc
.quad 0x3956c25bf348b538,0x59f111f1b605d019
.quad 0x923f82a4af194f9b,0xab1c5ed5da6d8118
.quad 0xd807aa98a3030242,0x12835b0145706fbe
.quad 0x243185be4ee4b28c,0x550c7dc3d5ffb4e2
.quad 0x72be5d74f27b896f,0x80deb1fe3b1696b1
.quad 0x9bdc06a725c71235,0xc19bf174cf692694
.quad 0xe49b69c19ef14ad2,0xefbe4786384f25e3
.quad 0x0fc19dc68b8cd5b5,0x240ca1cc77ac9c65
.quad 0x2de92c6f592b0275,0x4a7484aa6ea6e483
.quad 0x5cb0a9dcbd41fbd4,0x76f988da831153b5
.quad 0x983e5152ee66dfab,0xa831c66d2db43210
.quad 0xb00327c898fb213f,0xbf597fc7beef0ee4
.quad 0xc6e00bf33da88fc2,0xd5a79147930aa725
.quad 0x06ca6351e003826f,0x142929670a0e6e70
.quad 0x27b70a8546d22ffc,0x2e1b21385c26c926
.quad 0x4d2c6dfc5ac42aed,0x53380d139d95b3df
.quad 0x650a73548baf63de,0x766a0abb3c77b2a8
.quad 0x81c2c92e47edaee6,0x92722c851482353b
.quad 0xa2bfe8a14cf10364,0xa81a664bbc423001
.quad 0xc24b8b70d0f89791,0xc76c51a30654be30
.quad 0xd192e819d6ef5218,0xd69906245565a910
.quad 0xf40e35855771202a,0x106aa07032bbd1b8
.quad 0x19a4c116b8d2d0c8,0x1e376c085141ab53
.quad 0x2748774cdf8eeb99,0x34b0bcb5e19b48a8
.quad 0x391c0cb3c5c95a63,0x4ed8aa4ae3418acb
.quad 0x5b9cca4f7763e373,0x682e6ff3d6b2b8a3
.quad 0x748f82ee5defb2fc,0x78a5636f43172f60
.quad 0x84c87814a1f0ab72,0x8cc702081a6439ec
.quad 0x90befffa23631e28,0xa4506cebde82bde9
.quad 0xbef9a3f7b2c67915,0xc67178f2e372532b
.quad 0xca273eceea26619c,0xd186b8c721c0c207
.quad 0xeada7dd6cde0eb1e,0xf57d4f7fee6ed178
.quad 0x06f067aa72176fba,0x0a637dc5a2c898a6
.quad 0x113f9804bef90dae,0x1b710b35131c471b
.quad 0x28db77f523047d84,0x32caab7b40c72493
.quad 0x3c9ebe0a15c9bebc,0x431d67c49c100d4c
.quad 0x4cc5d4becb3e42b6,0x597f299cfc657e2a
.quad 0x5fcb6fab3ad6faec,0x6c44198c4a475817
___
$code.=<<___ if ($SZ==4);
.long 0x428a2f98,0x71374491,0xb5c0fbcf,0xe9b5dba5
.long 0x3956c25b,0x59f111f1,0x923f82a4,0xab1c5ed5
.long 0xd807aa98,0x12835b01,0x243185be,0x550c7dc3
.long 0x72be5d74,0x80deb1fe,0x9bdc06a7,0xc19bf174
.long 0xe49b69c1,0xefbe4786,0x0fc19dc6,0x240ca1cc
.long 0x2de92c6f,0x4a7484aa,0x5cb0a9dc,0x76f988da
.long 0x983e5152,0xa831c66d,0xb00327c8,0xbf597fc7
.long 0xc6e00bf3,0xd5a79147,0x06ca6351,0x14292967
.long 0x27b70a85,0x2e1b2138,0x4d2c6dfc,0x53380d13
.long 0x650a7354,0x766a0abb,0x81c2c92e,0x92722c85
.long 0xa2bfe8a1,0xa81a664b,0xc24b8b70,0xc76c51a3
.long 0xd192e819,0xd6990624,0xf40e3585,0x106aa070
.long 0x19a4c116,0x1e376c08,0x2748774c,0x34b0bcb5
.long 0x391c0cb3,0x4ed8aa4a,0x5b9cca4f,0x682e6ff3
.long 0x748f82ee,0x78a5636f,0x84c87814,0x8cc70208
.long 0x90befffa,0xa4506ceb,0xbef9a3f7,0xc67178f2
___
$code =~ s/\`([^\`]*)\`/eval $1/gem;
print $code;
close STDOUT or die "error closing STDOUT: $!";
``` |
Zuleyka Silver (born August 2, 1991) is a Mexican-American actress, fashion model, and the seventh runner-up of the seventh season of Univision's Nuestra Belleza Latina.
Early life
Silver was born in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico.
Career
Commencing her acting career by debuting in the television film The Strip (2010), Silver has frequently appeared in episodes of popular television series such as 90210, Big Time Rush, Touch, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, and The Bold and the Beautiful.
In 2009, she auditioned for Model Latina'''s second season, where she finished in 3rd place. In 2013, she auditioned for Nuestra Belleza Latina 2013, representing her home country Mexico, where she portrayed acclaimed Mexican actress María Félix in a photo shoot, and had the opportunity to portray María José Tenorio, a character from Jenni Rivera's acting debut film Filly Brown.
She portrayed Anna in the Canadian horror thriller film Girl House, in which she co-starred with Ali Cobrin, Slaine, Nicole Arianna Fox, Wesley MacInnes and Camren Bicondova. She also played the role of Daniela Welker in the TV series The Mentalist.
In 2016, she appeared in one episode of the American TV series Code Black playing the role of Kamilla. In 2016, she appeared in one episode of the American TV series Hawaii Five-0 playing the role of Isabel. In 2017, she appeared in the episode "Potato Salad, a Broomstick, and Dad’s Whiskey" of the American TV series Young Sheldon playing the role of Selena.
In August 2022, it was announced that Silver has joined the cast of CBS’ The Young and the Restless'' as a high-powered executive named Audra Charles who’s lured to town by one of Genoa City’s business icons. She first appeared on the soap in September 22, 2022, in a recurring role.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
1991 births
Living people
Mexican film actresses
Mexican television actresses
American film actresses
American television actresses
Naturalized citizens of the United States
Mexican female models
American female models
Actresses from Baja California
Mexican emigrants to the United States
People from Tijuana
21st-century Mexican women |
Sir Eynion de Tilston (born c. 1126) was a Norman knight and first lord of the manor of Tilston in the English county of Cheshire.
Lord of Tilston
In the 12th century, William de Malpas gave Eynion the manor of Tilston in Cheshire, near the Welsh border. Sir Eynion was given the Manor of Tilston by the Earl of Chester in return for military service. He and his descendants were constantly alert, because of Welsh raids upon the border areas.
Marriage, family and descendants
In 1154 he married Beatrix de Gernons, daughter of Ranulf de Gernon, Earl of Chester. They had at least one son born around 1156. The name of his son is unknown (possibly Einion de Tilston born @1156 ref: Geneanet.org).
Beatrix de Gernons was a sister of Hugh of Kevelioc, and a great-granddaughter of Henry I Beauclerc, son of William The Conqueror and Matilda of Flanders. Great-great-great-great-granddaughter of Richard III De Normandie[Grandfather or William the Conqueror]
Resources
Cheshire towns and villages including Tilston
1120s births
Anglo-Normans
Anglo-Normans in Wales
Norman warriors
Medieval English knights
People from Cheshire West and Chester
Year of death unknown |
An American Water Landmark is a landmark within the United States, Canada, or Mexico that is a historic location and is associated in some way with water. The American Water Works Association has designated American Water Landmarks since 1969.
The following is the list of structures given the American Water Landmark designation:
See also
Water supply infrastructure on the National Register of Historic Places - U.S. sites
References
Water supply infrastructure in the United States
Infrastructure in Canada
Tourist attractions in Canada
Lists of buildings and structures in Canada
Lists of buildings and structures in the United States
Lists of places in the United States
Water supply infrastructure
Heritage registers |
The 2021 ICF Canoe Marathon World Championships was held from 30 September to 3 October 2021 in Pitești, Romania.
Medalists
Short Race Medalists
Under-23 Medalists
Junior Medalists
Medal table
References
ICF Canoe Marathon World Championships
World Championships
2021 in Romanian sport
International sports competitions hosted by Romania
Sport in Pitești
Canoeing in Romania
ICF
ICF |
Turbonilla paquitae is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Pyramidellidae, the pyrams and their allies.
References
External links
To Encyclopedia of Life
To World Register of Marine Species
paquitae
Gastropods described in 2010 |
Rolf Landsberg ( – ) was a German Professor of Physical Chemistry.
Between 1961/2 and 1964 he served as rector of the Leuna-Merseburg "Carl Schorlemmer" Academy for Chemistry (near Leipzig).
Life
Rolf Landsberg was the elder of two sons born to the architect Max Landsberg and his wife, the doctor Hedwig Landsberg. Theirs was a prosperous Berlin family. However, Max Landsberg, who had been diagnosed with epilepsy in 1890, died young, in 1930. Rolf began his schooling in Berlin, starting his secondary education at the Heinrich-Kleist-Gymnasium. However, in January 1933 there had been a change of government, and it became increasingly apparent that antisemitism, which had been a prominent feature of Nazi rhetoric in opposition, was entering the political mainstream. The Landsbergs were Jewish. In 1934 Rolf Landsberg was sent to school in England, where he attended the progressive St Christopher School in Letchworth, to the north of London between 1934 and 1937. Sources differ as to whether his mother and brother accompanied him to England at this stage, but by 1939 all three had emigrated to Britain. He went on to study at University College London, emerging with a Chemistry degree (Bachelor of Science) in 1940. In Britain he later also studied at Aberystwyth, but his academic progress was not uninterrupted.
In 1939 Germany invaded Poland and Britain declared war on Germany. At home the British government responded to these developments by identifying as enemy aliens large numbers of Jewish and political refugees who had arrived from Nazi Germany. Landsberg's mother was able to escape to Brazil where she joined her brother who, in 1936, had also fled Germany. Rolf and his brother were both arrested by the British government in 1940, and while his younger brother
was interned on the Isle of Man, Rolf was sent to Canada for his internment. In Canada he became associated with the (exiled) German Communist Party. Two years later the political mood had changed and he was returned to Britain where he played an active part in the struggle against Fascism in Europe, and became a co-founder of an exiled London based version of the anti-Nazi Free German Youth (FDJ / Freie Deutsche Jugend) movement. In 1944 he volunteered as an assistant to the British army, with which he worked for the next three years, notably as a simultaneous translator, until September 1947. Postings included Münster and Bielefeld.
Towards the end of 1947 Rolf Landsberg relocated full-time to Germany where he obtained a post as an assistant in the Physical Chemistry Institute at the Humboldt University of Berlin, which was in the Soviet occupation zone of what remained of Germany. The division of Berlin seemed at this stage neither so politically absolute nor so physically rigid as it later became, but the basis for a return to one-party government had already been set in place in April 1946 with the contentious merger between the old Communist Party and the Moderate-left SPD. Landsberg joined the newly formed Socialist Unity Party (Sozialistische Einheitspartei Deutschlands, SED) in 1947, and by 1949, when the Soviet controlled part of Germany was re-founded as the German Democratic Republic, sponsored by and in many respects politically modeled on the Soviet Union, Landsberg was a citizen of the new country, while his younger brother Peter pursued an academic career in England.
After three years, in 1950, Ralf Landsberg received his doctorate from the Humboldt for a dissertation supervised by Karl Friedrich Bonhoeffer and entitled "Potentials in the creation of precipitate membranes" The next step in his career involved a move, in 1952, to the Ernst Moritz Arndt University (Greifswald), in the north-east of the country, where he lectured on physical chemistry. This was followed by a longer stint, starting in 1955, in the south, as a lecturer at the Leuna-Merseburg "Carl Schorlemmer" Academy for Chemistry. It was at Leuna-Merseburg that he received his Habilitation (a higher academic distinction) in 1958/59. On this occasion his dissertation was entitled "On the kinetics of concealed processes with nickel and zinc anodes" In 1959 he became a professor at the same institution. Then, in January 1962, Rolf Landsberg was appointed Rector of the Leuna-Merseburg "Carl Schorlemmer" Academy for Chemistry in succession to Elmar Profft. Profft himself had been released from the post after less than a year after making known political and ideological differences with The Party over matters including, notably, the Berlin Wall erected suddenly in August 1961.
Just two years later, in 1964, he returned to the Humboldt University of Berlin, accepting the chair for Physical Chemistry, also becoming Director of the Humboldt's Physical Chemistry Institute. His predecessor's academic career (followed a few months later by his party membership) had been abruptly terminated following a series of lectures in 1963/64 which had been interpreted as a call to remove political dogma from science teaching. In this instance Landsberg's dissident predecessor was Robert Havemann who subsequently gained prominence in various sources on account of the persecution he suffered at the hands of the East German authorities.
A particular focus of Landsberg's career in terms of research involved surfaces. That is what he now concentrated on at the Humboldt Physical Chemistry Institute until his retirement in 1985. His many years of teaching in the field of electro-chemistry were crystallised in the book "Electro-chemical Reactions and Processes" (1977).
He continued to play an active role in scientific life after his retirement, and was a board member of the Leibniz Society in Berlin which he had joined in 1993. He was also a member of the German Academy of Sciences.
Awards and honours
*Patriotic Order of Merit
References
1920 births
2003 deaths
People from East Berlin
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom
Socialist Unity Party of Germany members
20th-century German chemists
Heads of universities in Germany
Academic staff of the Humboldt University of Berlin
Recipients of the Patriotic Order of Merit in silver
Scientists from Berlin |
Werner Schodoler (also Wernher Schodoler (1490 in Bremgarten, Aargau – 15 October 1541, in Bremgarten, Aargau) was a Swiss chronicler. He was the author of Swiss History, the earliest of the Swiss illustrated chronicles.
Literature
Walter Muschg and Eduard A. Gessler Die Schweizer Bilderchroniken des 15/16 Jahrhunderts Zurich, Atlantis Verlag, 1941.
External links
Eidgenössische Chronik des Werner Schodoler
NZZ Archiv, 1951, Der Alte Zürichkrieg im Spiegel der Schodoler-Chronik (PDF; 4,1 MB)
Swiss chronicles
1490 births
1541 deaths
People from Bremgarten District
16th-century Swiss historians
People from Bremgarten, Aargau |
is a Japanese footballer currently playing as a goalkeeper for Nagano Parceiro.
Early life
Soki was born in Osaka.
Career
Soki made his debut for Nagano against Kamatamare Sanuki on the 14th March 2021.
Career statistics
Club
.
Notes
References
1998 births
Living people
Association football people from Osaka Prefecture
Japanese men's footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
J3 League players
AC Nagano Parceiro players |
Iera Echebarría Fernández (born 20 October 1992) is a Spanish rugby sevens player. She competed for Spain at the 2016 Summer Olympics in Brazil. She was a member of the Spanish women's sevens squad. She was part of the squad that secured the final Olympic spot for the Rio Olympics.
Echebarría competed at the 2022 Rugby World Cup Sevens in Cape Town.
References
External links
1992 births
Living people
Spain international women's rugby union players
Spain international women's rugby sevens players
Olympic rugby sevens players for Spain
Rugby sevens players at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing (living people)
Sportspeople from Madrid
Rugby union players from the Community of Madrid
Spanish female rugby union players |
Gabriel Batista de Souza (born 3 June 1998) is a Brazilian professional soccer player who plays as goalkeeper for Primeira Liga club Santa Clara.
Club career
Early career
Gabriel started playing futsal at Canto do Rio before moving to Audax Rio. In 2014 he finally moved to Flamengo at the age of 14.
Flamengo
In 2017 Gabriel was promoted to Flamengo's professional team. He started his first game on 17 January 2018 against Volta Redonda for the Campeonato Carioca.
On 31 October 2019 Gabriel played his first Campeonato Brasileiro Série A match replacing Vitinho on the 88th minute after César has been sent off, he conceded the equalizer on the 94th minute as Flamengo draw 2–2 with Goiás.
Sampaio Corrêa loan
On 20 January 2022, Batista joined Sampaio Corrêa on a season-long loan.
Santa Clara
On 17 August 2022, Batista moved on a free transfer to Portuguese side Santa Clara.
Career statistics
Club
Honours
Club
Flamengo
Copa Libertadores: 2019
Recopa Sudamericana: 2020
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A: 2019, 2020
Supercopa do Brasil: 2020, 2021
Campeonato Carioca: 2019, 2020, 2021
References
External links
1998 births
Living people
Footballers from São Gonçalo, Rio de Janeiro
Men's association football goalkeepers
Brazilian men's footballers
CR Flamengo footballers
Sampaio Corrêa Futebol Clube players
C.D. Santa Clara players
Copa Libertadores-winning players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série A players
Campeonato Brasileiro Série B players
Primeira Liga players
Brazilian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Portugal
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Portugal |
Gangi is a village in Kishanganj district in the Indian state of Bihar.
References
Villages in Kishanganj district |
Jørgen Rasmussen may refer to:
Jørgen Rasmussen (footballer, born 1945), Danish footballer
Jørgen Rasmussen (footballer, born 1937), Danish footballer
Jørgen Buhl Rasmussen (born 1955), Danish chief executive of the brewing company Carlsberg Group
Jørgen Frank Rasmussen (born 1930), Danish cyclist
Jørgen Skafte Rasmussen (1878–1964), Danish engineer and industrialist
See also
Jørgen Guldborg-Rasmussen, president of the Danish Scout Council |
The following television stations in the United States brand as channel 9 (though neither using virtual channel 9 nor broadcasting on physical RF channel 9):
KBJR-DT3 in Superior, Wisconsin
KEPR-DT2 in Pasco, Washington
KIMA-DT2 in Yakima, Washington
KRII-DT3 in Chisholm, Minnesota
KUSI-TV in San Diego, California
WCTX in New Haven, Connecticut
The following television stations in the United States formerly branded as channel 9:
WRDE-LD in Rehoboth Beach, Delaware
09 branded |
Danville station, also known as Danville Southern Railway Passenger Depot, is a historic train station in Danville, Virginia. It is currently served by Amtrak, the United States' national passenger rail service, and is a stop on the Crescent line.
History
The station was built in 1899 from plans drawn by the noted Southern Railway architect, Frank Pierce Milburn. In 1915, a track expansion required that the track be moved 133 feet to the northeast. The station was jacked up on rollers, and crews used mules and stump pullers to roll the building. It is said that the move was done so skillfully that not a single brick was cracked.
In 1922, the building was almost destroyed by fire that broke out during a raging snowstorm, which prevented firefighting teams from reaching it. Southern Railway rebuilt the building to its original specifications, except for the spire that once topped the station. With the decline of passenger use of railroads, the building fell into disuse. For years it was closed and Amtrak passengers had to walk through a tunnel and wait for trains on an open platform between the tracks.
In 1993 the station was closed to passenger service temporarily and bought by the City of Danville. In 1995, the station was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The same year, a group of local civic leaders sought federal ISTEA funding and local contributions to renovate the station. In addition to serving Amtrak passengers, part of the station is now used as a campus of the Danville Science Center. This is the first satellite facility of the Science Museum of Virginia, coincidentally also a former train station. The station is also used for the Danville Farmer's Market.
References
External links
Danville Amtrak Station (USA RailGuide -- TrainWeb)
Amtrak stations in Virginia
Transportation in Danville, Virginia
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1899
Former Southern Railway (U.S.) stations
Frank Pierce Milburn buildings
Railway stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
Renaissance Revival architecture in Virginia
Buildings and structures in Danville, Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Danville, Virginia
Individually listed contributing properties to historic districts on the National Register in Virginia |
The Tüllinger Berg (lit. German: Tüllinger mountain) short form Tüllinger, also known as Tüllinger Hügel in Switzerland, is a partly forested mountain located at an elevation of 460.2 m above sea level. It is situated in the southwest of Baden-Württemberg, at the border triangle of Germany, France, and Switzerland. The mountain extends about two kilometers from east to west and about five kilometers from north to south, forming a natural border between the urban areas of Lörrach and Weil am Rhein. Notably, the Tüllinger Berg is characterized by the break-off edge of the high strand of the Rhine Valley and the meadow floodplain. The slope of the Tüllinger Berg, especially with its western mountain nose, defines the surrounding landscape. The border between Germany and Switzerland runs along the southeastern foothills of the mountain.
The Tüllinger Berg is crisscrossed by numerous hiking trails, serving as a vantage point and a recreational area for the Markgräfler Hügelland region. Due to its soil diversity and mild climate, the slopes of the Tüllinger are utilized for cultivating various crops, including the renowned Markgräfler wine. Large portions of the mountain have been designated as protected areas, making it an essential habitat for a diverse range of flora and fauna.
Location
The Tüllinger Berg lies predominantly within the city limits of Lörrach. To the east of the hilltop is the district of Tüllingen, offering scenic views of the border triangle, the Rhine bend, and the surrounding cities of Lörrach, Weil am Rhein , and Basel. The northeastern foothills of the Tüllinger Berg border the district of Tumringen, while the northwestern end is adjacent to the community of Binzen. The eastern slope of the Tüllinger Berg is not very rugged, but it still rises about 160 meters compared to the city area of Lörrach to the east and the valley axis. Compared to the city area of Weil, the difference in elevation is approximately 181 meters.
On the western side of the hilltop is the exposed district of Ötlingen, which is part of the town of Weil am Rhein. This mountain spur is sometimes referred to as "Ötlinger Berg" or "Ötlinger Hornspitze" and reaches heights of up to 355 meters. The foothills of the western slope are located in the district of Haltingen. A very small share of the Tüllinger Berg's area belongs to the Swiss municipality of Riehen, which has some vineyards on the southeastern slope, known as "Schlipf".
Protected areas
In 1980, significant portions of the Tüllinger Berg were officially declared a Landschaftsschutzgebiet or LSG (landscape protection area) to preserve the areas for local recreation. Additional protected areas were declared in the 1990s. As a result, a 345-hectare region of the mountain, composed of three different sub-areas, is designated as the Tüllinger Berg and Tongrube Rümmingen Protected Area under the Fauna-Flora-Habitat Directive (FFH). Furthermore, the exposed location of the mountain provides crucial weather stations with essential data for weather forecasting. The eastern hill of the Tüllinger Berg belongs to the western edge of the Southern Black Forest Nature Park. The Tüllinger Berg is a core habitat of high nature conservation value, and numerous projects and measures are being undertaken to enhance its conservation efforts.
There are six different protected areas on the Tüllinger Berg:
Landscape protection area Tüllinger Berg,
Natura 2000 area (“FFH area”) 8311-341 Tüllinger Berg and clay pit Rümmingen,
areal natural monument,
Bird sanctuary 8311-441 Tüllinger Berg and Gleusen (548 hectares),
legally protected biotopes in open country (according to § 30 BNatSchG) and
legally protected biotopes in the forest (according to § 30 BNatSchG and/or § 30a LWaldG).
Description
Geology
The Tüllinger Berg at the exit of the Wiesental in the south of the Upper Rhine Plain is mostly located in the Tüllinger freshwater molasse, which is overlain by Cyrene marl and sandy parts of the Alsace molasse. The mountain features alternating layers of white marly limestone and fat greenish lettuce beds, which create a steeper slope of about 20 meters around the mountain. Being the southern end of the Markgräfler Hügelland, the Tüllinger Berg is preserved in relief inversion within the flexural rim depression, leading to a geological structure that deviates from the rest of the hilly terrain. Despite its relatively small size, the Tüllinger Berg has a high altitude.
In 1821, Peter Merian described the precipitation of a "freshwater formation" at the "Dillinger Berg" (Tüllinger Berg) and identified three types of rocks in his description: first, a whitish to dirty yellow or brown friable marl; second, a firm rock with "a fracture that is shallowly fusiform on the whole"; and third, a firm yellow-grayish or black limestone with fossils (planorbs and lymnae).
Like the Delsberg Basin, the mountain was formed by rift fracturing and primarily consists of Paleogene or Neogene rocks. A fault runs north-south within the Tüllinger Berg, with another found at the foot of the slope. Consequently, the stratigraphic sequences of the rocks in the mountain are displaced relative to each other.
The soils of the Tüllinger Berg are composed of loess and clayey-sandy, calcareous soils, which are utilized for vineyards and fruit plantations. Along the ridge of the mountain, Upper Oligocene strata of clay marl, freshwater limestones, and fine sands can be found. In certain areas of lesser extent, loose or solid rock bodies with largely dissolved structures (landslide mass) are present. The southwest slope is known as Schlipf due to its nature.
Slips
Due to the geological composition of the Tüllinger Berg, it is prone to earth slips and landslides. As early as 1328, Riehen municipal records mentioned "dem sliffe", and in 1344, Weiler records also referred to it. Major landslides were recorded in chronicles in the years 1450, 1697, 1712, 1831, and 1910.
One of the most severe landslides, known as the "Schlipf," occurred on July 22, 1758, with contemporary accounts stating that "the vineyard in Schlipf opened in an uncanny way." The holes formed were so large that could fit entire houses. The sinkhole caused springs to dry up and paths and vineyards to sink. The pond was filled up for 180 meters. The event was caused by continuous rainfall and flooding of the meadow. The "große Gerütsche" (great Gerütsche) was pictorially recorded by the Basel topographer and draftsman Emanuel Büchel. The historical Schlipfe found its way into the field names already centuries ago. The Schlipfe is the name of the meadow affected by the landslide.
Although the Schlipf towards the Riehen side was more significant due to the steeper slope, landslides also occurred towards the Haltingen side. Human intervention, such as road construction, excavation of ditches and pits, and other slope incursions, has sometimes caused or facilitated major landslides after 1758. While landslides became less common in the 20th century, road damage caused by them continued to occur in the 1960s and 1970s. Notably, both the railroad tunnel of 1890 and the Ötlinger Berg feature molasse masses that originally came from higher elevations of the Tüllinger Berg.
Natural classification
The Tüllinger Berg (201c) is part of the natural area 201 Markgräfler Hügelland within the main natural unit 20 Südliches Oberrheintiefland (Southern Upper Rhine Lowlands) according to the systematics of the Handbuch der naturräumlichen Gliederung Deutschlands (Handbook of the Natural Area Classification of Germany). It forms the southernmost offshoot of the Markgräfler Hügelland.
Flora und Fauna
The Tüllinger Berg is home to the Cirl Bunting and the Wryneck, with the Cirl Bunting population being the largest in southern Baden. Populations of the Redstart and Hoopoe have also been recorded. In the beetle wood, the oriole has been observed. The area of the Tüllinger Berg is ornithologically important beyond the region due to the presence of a large number of bird species, totaling about 40, in the structured and old-wooded orchard meadows. The old and dead wood-rich beech forest provides habitat for cavity-breeding forest bird species such as the black, middle, and gray woodpecker, as well as nest-breeding species like the black kite and tree hawk. These bird species utilize the adjacent open land for foraging.
In the Schlipf, wild tulips (Tulipa sylvestris) bloom among the vines in spring. This relative of today's cultivated tulip was probably introduced into the gardens of Central Europe in the 16th century as an ornamental plant from the Mediterranean region. It was widespread in the Kaiserstuhl, in the Markgräfler Land, and in Alsace. However, due to the use of herbicides in soil management, wild tulip populations are in sharp decline.
Traffic routes
The Tüllinger ridge, being a natural barrier, has two smaller mountain passes running along its edge. One of these passes leads from Alt-Weil to Untertüllingen, situated at an altitude of 381 meters, and continues on to Lörrach. In order to relieve this cumbersome transit traffic, the duty-free road, which runs partly on Swiss territory, was opened in 2013 as a link between the two towns. This nearly 740-meter-long connecting section consists of a bridge and tunnel structure that also crosses the Wiese River at this point. At the northern edge, the foothills of the Tüllinger Berg meet the Röttler Forest, which belongs to the Black Forest. This creates a busy pass crossing called "Lucke" (366 meters above sea level) and crosses several traffic routes, including the A98, in an east-west direction.
At the southeastern foothill of the Tüllinger Berg, the Weil am Rhein-Lörrach railroad line, also called Gartenbahn, runs through the mountain with the 864-meter-long Tüllinger Tunnel. It was opened on May 20, 1890, after three years of construction.
Lindenplatz
A frequently used square on the plateau-like flattened ridge of the Tüllinger Berg is the Lindenplatz. It is located slightly above Obertüllingen and can be reached by public bus as well as private transport. A parking lot for hikers is available for car traffic. The square is framed by linden trees, some of which are centuries old. From the Lindenplatz, you have a comprehensive view, especially of Basel Bay, Weil am Rhein, and the beginning of the Upper Rhine Valley. The traditional Fastnachtsfeuer (carnival bonfire) takes place nearby in the open spaces at the edge of the forest. The square is often used as a starting point for guided hikes on the Tüllinger and is a popular attraction for people from the region. There are barbecue areas between the Lindenplatz and the northern Käferholz.
At the Lindenplatz, there is a demolished Hindenburg monument. The monument was erected by the Hüninger Landwehr, stationed in the then-German Alsace, in connection with the rear line of defense of the empire. About 200 meters north of it, at the edge of the forest, there is a monument to Margrave Ludwig Wilhelm in memory of the Battle of Käferholz.
Hiking and theme trails
The eleven-kilometer-long 13th and last stage of the Westweg (variant A) from Wollbach to Basel runs over the Tüllinger Berg. Along the Westweg, a few kilometers from the highest point of the Tüllinger Berg is the Daur-Hütte, named after Hermann Daur, a refuge at the edge of the forest. The 92-kilometer Markgräfler Wiiwegli ends at Ötlingen on the panorama path of the Tüllinger Berg and then leads down to the central Lindenplatz in Alt-Weil.
To bring visitors closer to the mountain, the Trinational Environmental Center has put together six tours: North Tour, Art Trail, Summer Tour, Vine Tour, South Tour, and a Round Tour.
The Black Forest Tourism Association, in cooperation with the local tourism associations, has set up three wine trails: one just under two kilometers long (Tüllinger Weinweg) and two just under four kilometers long (Riehener and Weiler Weinweg) panoramic trails along the mountainside with a few meters of elevation gain. A total of 50 thematic panels provide information about the location, wines, landscape, as well as nature, and the everyday life of the winegrowers. Various guided tours are also offered.
A section of the Jakobsweg, coming from Binzen, leads through the village street of Ötlingen and further along the Tüllinger Berg to Weil am Rhein and into Switzerland.
On the southwestern edge, the five-kilometer-long Art Trail "24 Stops," also known as the Rehberger Trail, leads from the Vitra Campus in Weil to the Fondation Beyeler in Riehen, with 24 sculptures and installations by German artist Tobias Rehberger. The bi-national art trail thus connects two countries, two municipalities, and two important places for art. The first twelve waypoints were installed in September 2015, and since June 2016 all 24 waypoints have been accessible for walking.
Along the state border are several boundary stones, some of which are several hundred years old. Boundary stone No. 38 on Lichsenweg, dating from 1491, was almost completely covered by overgrown as well as soil until the 1970s. The elevation and centimeter-precise realignment of this boundary stone was carried out by representatives of both state surveying offices. To commemorate this boundary stone, the Düllinger Landesgrenzstein-Bänkli was inaugurated on September 16, 1997. On this bench, one sits in Germany, while the outstretched feet are on Swiss territory. Next to the bench is the sculpture De Wiibuur vom Grenzeck by the artist Wolfgang Gerstner.
Usage
Fruit growing and forestry
In addition to extensive scattered orchards and vineyards, the Tüllinger Berg is characterized by its grazing land, a small amount of arable land, especially in the northern part, and large areas of contiguous deciduous forest on the ridge. The hilltop of the Tüllinger Berg is almost completely forested. The southern part of the forest is called Käferholz, and the northern part is called Forlenwald.
Viticulture
The mild climate, primarily influenced by warm air masses from the Mediterranean region through the Burgundian Gate during spring, along with the diverse and nutrient-rich soils, allows for the cultivation of wine on the Tüllinger slopes in the Markgräfler Land. Closed vineyards are located in the south between Baselweg, Lichsenweg, and at the lower Wagenkehrweg in the direction of Alt-Weil. Due to the mild climate, the Markgräfler wine thrives on the southwest slope of the Tüllinger.
Among others, the varieties Gutedel, Silvaner, and Spätburgunder grow there. While on the southern slope, due to the higher hours of sunshine, about 60% of red wine vines and about 40% of white wine vines are grown, the ratio is reversed on the eastern slope. The vineyards are distributed among seven German and two Swiss wineries - some private, some cooperative.
See also
Ötlingen (Weil am Rhein)
References
Further reading
Richard Lepsius: Geologie von Deutschland und den angrenzenden Gebieten, Verlag von Wilhelm Engelmann, Leipzig, 1892, pp. 620.
Otto Wittmann: Geologische und geomorphologische Untersuchungen am Tüllinger Berg bei Lörrach, Separatdruck, 1965.
Stadt Lörrach (Hrsg.): Unser Lörrach 1972, eine Grenzstadt im Spiegel der Zeit. Kropf und Herz Verlag, Lörrach 1973.
Otto Wittmann: Der Schlipfende Berg. pp. 51–59.
Waldemar Lutz: In: Stadt Lörrach (Hrsg.): Waldemar Lutz, 2004, pp. 84 ff.
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External links
Commons: Tüllinger Berg - Collection of images, videos and audio files
From Tüllinger Berg to Ötlingen: the region's most beautiful panoramic trail
The Tüllinger Berg - Information from the Trinational Environment Center TRUZ
Baden-Württemberg State Institute for the Environment: Tüllinger Berg – Brief description of the natural features of the Tüllinger Berg
Obertüllingen
Mountains of Germany
Baden-Württemberg
Border tripoints |
David Doty may refer to:
David B. Doty, (born 1950), American composer and authority on just intonation
David S. Doty (born 1929), U.S. federal judge
David Doty (actor), actor in Shades of Ray |
Ernest O. Smith (1885–1945) was an educator, library trustee, and union organizer in Houston, Texas.
Early life
Ernest O. Smith was born July 4, 1885, to William Dudley and Isabella (Glosscock) Smith in Selma, Alabama. His father was a carpenter who worked on construction crews building facilities at Fisk University in Nashville, Tennessee.
Career
Smith graduated from Fisk University and accepted a job as a principle in Goliad, Texas. In 1905, he moved to Houston where he filled a series of principal positions at area elementary and secondary schools over several years. In 1908, he accepted the position of principal at Booker T. Washington School, where he worked until 1926.
Smith also worked summers at the docks. He joined the International Longshoremen’s Association, Local 872 after it was formed in 1913. The local tapped him to serve as its secretary, and he composed its first charter.
Smith and other African-American educators in Houston applied for and received an Andrew Carnegie grant to establish a library in Houston, which opened in 1913. Several years previous, the Houston Carnegie Library and Lyceum barred Smith and several of his African-American colleagues from entering the facility. They responded by founding the Colored Carnegie Library to serve African-Americans, run by its own trustees and management. Though the city agreed to fund the library’s operating expenses, the funding level was much lower than that for the library established for whites. Despite the efforts of Smith and other education advocates, the city committed $4,000 per year to the first Carnegie Library compared to $500 for the Colored Carnegie Library.
Death and legacy
Smith died on October 13, 1945, in Houston. He is interred at Houston’s Golden Gate Cemetery. Houston’s E. O. Smith Education Center is named for him.
References
External links
Pilgrim Congregational United Church of Christ, Houston
1885 births
1945 deaths
Educators from Houston
Activists from Houston
Schoolteachers from Texas |
The generalized logistic function or curve is an extension of the logistic or sigmoid functions. Originally developed for growth modelling, it allows for more flexible S-shaped curves. The function is sometimes named Richards's curve after F. J. Richards, who proposed the general form for the family of models in 1959.
Definition
Richards's curve has the following form:
where = weight, height, size etc., and = time. It has six parameters:
: the left horizontal asymptote;
: the right horizontal asymptote when . If and then is called the carrying capacity;
: the growth rate;
: affects near which asymptote maximum growth occurs.
: is related to the value
: typically takes a value of 1. Otherwise, the upper asymptote is
The equation can also be written:
where can be thought of as a starting time, at which . Including both and can be convenient:
this representation simplifies the setting of both a starting time and the value of at that time.
The logistic function, with maximum growth rate at time , is the case where .
Generalised logistic differential equation
A particular case of the generalised logistic function is:
which is the solution of the Richards's differential equation (RDE):
with initial condition
where
provided that ν > 0 and α > 0.
The classical logistic differential equation is a particular case of the above equation, with ν =1, whereas the Gompertz curve can be recovered in the limit provided that:
In fact, for small ν it is
The RDE models many growth phenomena, arising in fields such as oncology and epidemiology.
Gradient of generalized logistic function
When estimating parameters from data, it is often necessary to compute the partial derivatives of the logistic function with respect to parameters at a given data point (see). For the case where ,
Special cases
The following functions are specific cases of Richards's curves:
Logistic function
Gompertz curve
Von Bertalanffy function
Monomolecular curve
Footnotes
References
Growth curves
Mathematical modeling |
Ivory Lee Brown (born August 17, 1969) is a former professional American football running back in the National Football League and World League of American Football. He played for the Phoenix Cardinals of the NFL and the San Antonio Riders of the WLAF. Brown is the uncle of Detroit Lions running back Adrian Peterson.
College career
Brown was born in Palestine, Texas, and was a highly recruited running back out Palestine High School. He rushed for 1,800 yards as a senior in 1986, and was the rated the #2 recruit in Texas. Brown originally intended to sign with Texas A&M University out of high school, but due to SAT problems, he attended Tyler Junior College instead. While at junior college, Brown was recruited to the University of Arkansas at Pine Bluff by head coach Archie "Gunslinger" Cooley. Cooley had formerly coached Pro Football Hall of Famer Jerry Rice at Mississippi Valley State University, and had recently come to UAPB, which was an NAIA school at the time. In 1989, Brown's first season with the Golden Lions, he led the NAIA in rushing with 1,465 yards, averaging 8.3 yards per carry.
Professional career
NFL
Brown was drafted by the Phoenix Cardinals in the seventh round (171st pick overall) of the 1991 NFL Draft. He was placed on the team's developmental squad, and did not see any playing time during his rookie season.
WLAF
The San Antonio Riders of the fledgling World League of American Football signed Ivory Lee Brown in 1992 to replace running back Ricky Blake, who had signed with the Dallas Cowboys at the conclusion of the 1991 season. Brown played with the Riders in 1992 and won the league's rushing title with 767 yards. Brown's efforts helped the Riders to a 7–3 record, and he was named first-team All World League, giving him an opportunity to return to the Cardinals for the 1992 NFL regular season.
Return to the NFL
Brown emerged as a potential starter due to running back Johnny Johnson's unexpected pre-season holdout. Brown played in seven games, starting five, during the 1992 NFL season, but did not make the Cardinals roster in 1993 and later retired.
See also
UAPB Golden Lions football
References
External links
NAIA Players in the Pros.
1969 births
Living people
People from Palestine, Texas
African-American players of American football
American football running backs
Tyler Apaches football players
Arkansas–Pine Bluff Golden Lions football players
Phoenix Cardinals players
San Antonio Riders players
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople |
Llewellyn Powers (October 14, 1836July 28, 1908) was a U.S. Representative from Maine and the 44th Governor of Maine.
Biography
Born in Pittsfield, Maine, Powers attended the common schools of Pittsfield and St. Albans Academy. He graduated from the Colburn Classical Institute. He attended Colby University, Waterville, Maine, and graduated from the law department of Union University, Albany, New York, in 1860. He was admitted to the bar in Albany, New York, and Somerset, Maine, in 1860 and commenced practice in Houlton, Maine, in January 1861.
He served as prosecuting attorney for Aroostook County from 1864 to 1871. He also served as collector of customs for the district of Aroostook from 1868 to 1872. He served as a member of the Maine House of Representatives, 18731876, 1883, 1892, and 1895; during the last term, he served as speaker. While in the Maine House, his bill abolishing capital punishment was considered by the House in 1876 and passed by a vote of 75 to 68, making Maine the third state to abolish the death penalty.
Powers was elected as a Republican to the Forty-fifth Congress (March 4, 1877March 3, 1879). He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1878 to the Forty-sixth Congress. He served as Governor of Maine from 1897 to 1901.
Powers was elected as a Republican to the Fifty-seventh Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Charles A. Boutelle. He was reelected to the Fifty-eighth, Fifty-ninth, and Sixtieth Congresses and served from April 8, 1901, until his death in Houlton, Maine, July 28, 1908.
In December 1886, Powers married Martha Averill with whom he had five children. He is buried in West Pittsfield Cemetery, near Pittsfield, Maine.
His brother, Frederick A. Powers, was attorney general of Maine and served on the Maine Supreme Court.
See also
List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)
References
External links
Llewellyn Powers, late a representative from Maine, Memorial addresses delivered in the House of Representatives and Senate frontispiece 1909
1836 births
1908 deaths
Republican Party governors of Maine
Republican Party members of the Maine House of Representatives
Maine lawyers
People from Pittsfield, Maine
Colby College alumni
Albany Law School alumni
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Maine
County district attorneys in Maine
People from Houlton, Maine
19th-century American politicians |
Formica lusatica is a species of ant belonging to the family Formicidae.
It is native to Northern Europe.
References
lusatica |
François Walthéry (born 17 January 1946 in Argenteau near Liège) is a Belgian comics artist, best known for his series featuring an adventurous flight attendant, Natacha.
Biography
Walthéry began his career in 1962 during studies at the Institut Saint-Luc in Liège, when he collaborated with scenario writer Mittéï to create his first comic, Pipo. The following year, Walthéry started working for Peyo, assisting on The Smurfs, Johan et Pirlouit and Benoît Brisefer. Eventually he assumed creative responsibility of the series Jacky et Célestin, taking over from Will.
He started his best known work series in 1967, working with a script by Gos to create Natacha. Several years in the making, the series did not make its debut until 26 February 1970, in the Franco-Belgian comics magazine Spirou.
Partial bibliography
Natacha
Natacha, hôtesse de l'air (written by Gos), Dupuis, 1971.
Natacha et le Maharadjah (written by Gos), Dupuis, 1972.
La mémoire de métal (written by Étienne Borgers), Dupuis, 1974. Also contains Un brin de panique (written by Marc Wasterlain)
Un Trône pour Natacha (written by Maurice Tillieux), Dupuis, 1975.
Double vol, (written by Mittéï and Walthéry, Dupuis), 1976. Also contains L'étoile du berger (written by Gos) and Un tour de passe-passe (written by Lemasque).
Le treizième apôtre (written by Maurice Tillieux), Dupuis, 1978.
L'hôtesse et Mona Lisa (written by Mittéï, additional art by Pierre Seron), Dupuis, 1979. Also contains (written by Walthéry and Mittéï).
Instantanés pour Caltech (written by Étienne Borgers, additional art by Jidéhem), Dupuis, 1981.
Les machines incertaines (written by Étienne Borgers, additional art by Jidéhem), Dupuis, 1983.
L'ile d'outre-monde (written by Marc Wasterlain, additional art by Will), Dupuis, 1984.
Le grand pari (written by Mittéï, additional art by Laudec), Dupuis, 1985.
Les culottes de fer (written by Mittéï, additional art by Laudec), Dupuis, 1986.
Les nomades du ciel (written by Raoul Cauvin, additional art by Laudec), Dupuis, 1988.
Cauchemirage (written by Mythic, additional art by Mittéï), Marsu Productions, 1989.
La ceinture du Cherchemidi (written by Peyo, additional art by Mittéï), Marsu Productions, 1992.
L'ange blond (written by Maurice Tillieux, additional art by Georges Van Linthout), Marsu Productions, 1994.
La veuve noire (written by Michel Dusart, additional art by Georges Van Linthout), Marsu Productions, 1997.
Natacha et les dinosaures (written by Marc Wasterlain), Marsu Productions, 1998.
Le Vieux Bleu (written by Raoul Cauvin), Dupuis, 1980 translated in Walloon under the title Li vî Bleû
Le p'tit bout d'chique
Le p'tit bout d'chique, Marsu Productions, 1989
Bout à bout (written by Serdu), Marsu Productions, 1992
Rubine
Les mémoires troubles (written by Mythic), Le Lombard, 1993
Fenêtre sur rue (written by Mythic), Le Lombard, 1994
Le second témoin (written by Mythic), Le Lombard, 1995...later continued by other artists.
Sources
François Walthéry publications in Spirou BDoubliées
François Walthéry albums Bedetheque
Footnotes
External links
Walthery official site
François Walthéry biography on Lambiek Comiclopedia
François Walthéry biography on Dupuis
1946 births
Belgian comics artists
Belgian comics writers
Belgian humorists
Living people
Walloon people
Belgian writers in French |
Unionville, Illinois may refer to:
Unionville, Massac County, Illinois, an unincorporated community in Massac County
Unionville, Vermilion County, Illinois, an unincorporated community in Vermilion County
Unionville, Whiteside County, Illinois, an unincorporated community in Whiteside County
Streator, Illinois, formerly known as Unionville |
Hans Jensen Blom (19 May 1812 – 13 April 1875) was a Norwegian politician and clergyman.
Hans Jensen Blom was from Skien in Telemark county, Norway.
He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1848, representing the constituency of Stavanger. He worked as a chaplain there, but was then appointed vicar (sogneprest) in the countryside, being re-elected in 1851 and 1854 from Stavanger Amt. He was appointed vicar in Kinn at the Kinn Church in 1854, and was elected to Parliament from the constituency Nordre Bergenhuus Amt (now Sogn og Fjordane) in 1859 and 1862. In 1862 he moved to Melhus, and represented Søndre Trondhjems Amt (now Sør-Trøndelag) as a deputy representative in 1868.
See also
Blom (family from Skien)
References
1812 births
1875 deaths
Politicians from Skien
Members of the Storting
Politicians from Stavanger
Sogn og Fjordane politicians
Norwegian priest-politicians
Norwegian chaplains |
The role of African Americans in the agricultural history of the United States includes roles as the main work force when they were enslaved on cotton and tobacco plantations in the Antebellum South. After the Emancipation Proclamation in 1863-1865 most stayed in farming as very poor sharecroppers, who rarely owned land. They began the Great Migration to cities in the mid-20th century. About 40,000 are farmers today.
History
Eighteenth century
Plantation owners brought a mass of slaves from Africa and the Caribbean and Mexico to farm the fields during cotton harvests. Black women and children were also enslaved in the industry. The growth of Slavery in the United States is closely tied to the expansion of plantation agriculture. The contributions of enslaved people on early American agriculture has largely been discounted and ignored, mainly because of the lack of records not created by the slaveholder, often writing to justify enslavement
However, many plantation owners relied on the agricultural knowledge that Africans brought over from across the Atlantic. The slaves had experience with farming and they used the knowledge they had with growing food and the owners needed them to use the skills they learned from their country before they became slaves. Perhaps the best example of this is rice cultivation in South Carolina, relying on indigenous West African knowledge of growing Oryza glaberrima. This specific knowledge was invaluable in transforming South Carolina into a rice producing powerhouse.
While enslaved, African Americans on plantations found ways to supplement their meager food rations by cultivating slave gardens. These slave gardens were usually near the slave cabins or remote areas of the plantation, and provided slaves with three benefits: nourishment, financial independence, and medicinal uses. These slave gardens allowed enslaved people some level of autonomy and agency; when they grew more than they could consume, they were able to sell.
Nineteenth century
Antebellum South
The great majority of black farmworkers before 1865 were enslaved workers on Southern farms and plantations. Smaller numbers were free employees or farm owners. In South Carolina there were about 400 free black farmers in the rural parishes surrounding Charleston. As farmers their strategies, production, and rural lives resembled the poor white neighbors. Survival was a high priority and involved establishing economic self-sufficiency through concentration on food crops for their own families, and then by cultivating social advantages such as having a rich white patron.
Virginia had a large free black element. By 1860, there were 58,000 free Black people living in Virginia; 80 percent in rural areas. Most lived on the Eastern Shore. One out of eight Black people in the state was free and the rest were enslaved in 1860. There were severe legal restrictions and terms of nonvoting, not testifying in court, not attending schools. Newly manumitted ex-slaves had to leave the state. However the same property laws were applied, allowing free Black people to own and operated 1202 small farms in 1860. They were patronized by some wealthy white landowners, who would hire them for cash wages from time to time. They were especially needed at harvest time, and when it was necessary to replant the small tobacco plants. It was a political movement in 1853 to expel all free Black people from Virginia, but key White landowners intervened to block the proposal; they appreciated and often needed the labor of the free Black people. From the point of view of the free Black people, the small amounts of cash were useful; probably even more useful it was to be paid with old clothes, used tools, or young animals in lieu of cash wages. Above all, it was essential to their survival to be useful and available to politically powerful white neighbors.
After emancipation
After emancipation and the passage of the thirteenth amendment, Black slaves were legally freed, but most of them lacked any kind of material wealth and were thus led into other oppressive relationships. Many Black agriculturists were subjugated to land tenure agreements and working as sharecroppers, tenant farmers, and within the crop-lien system. Southern black cotton farmers faced discrimination from the north. Many white Democrats were concerned about how many of African Americans were being employed in the US cotton industry and the dramatic growth of black landowners. They urged white farmers in the south to take control of the industry, which from time to time resulted in strikes by black cotton pickers; for instance Black people led by the Colored Farmer's Association (CFA) strikers from Memphis organized the Cotton pickers strike of 1891 in Lee County in September, which resulted in much violence.
Black cotton farmers were very important to entrepreneurs which emerged during industrialization in the United States, particularly Henry Ford. The United States Emancipation Proclamation came into power on January 1, 1863, allowing a "new journey for people of African ancestry to participate in the U.S. Agriculture Industry in a new way."
Sharecropping became widespread in the South during and after the Reconstruction Era.
Twentieth century
The conditions for black cotton farmers gradually improved during the twentieth century. Ralph J. Bunche, an expert in Negro suffrage in the United States, observed in 1940 that "many thousands of black cotton farmers each year now go to the polls, stand in line with their white neighbors, and mark their ballots independently without protest or intimidation, in order to determine government policy toward cotton production control." However, discrimination towards Black people continued as it did in the rest of society, and isolated incidents often broke out. On 25 September 1961 Herbert Lee, a black cotton farmer and voter-registration organizer, was shot on the head by white State legislator E. H. Hurst in Liberty, Mississippi. Yet the cotton industry continued to be very important for Black people in the southern United States, much more so than for whites. By the late 1920s around two-thirds of all African-American tenants and almost three-fourths of the croppers worked on cotton farms. 3 out of every 4 black farm operators earned at least 40% of their income from cotton farming during this period. Studies conducted during the same period indicated that 2 in 3 black women from black landowning families were involved in cotton farming. In 1920, 24% (218,612) of farms in the nation were Black-operated, less than 1% (2,026) were managed by Black people, and 76% (705,070) of Black farm operators were tenants.
The cotton industry in the United States hit a crisis in the early 1920s. Cotton and tobacco prices collapsed in 1920 following overproduction and the boll weevil pest wiped out the sea island cotton crop in 1921. Annual production slumped from 1,365,000 bales in the 1910s to 801,000 in the 1920s. In South Carolina, Williamsburg County production fell from 37,000 bales in 1920 to 2,700 bales in 1922 and one farmer in McCormick County produced 65 bales in 1921 and just 6 in 1922. As a result of the devastating harvest of 1922, some 50,000 black cotton workers left South Carolina, and by the 1930s the state population had declined some 15%, largely due to cotton stagnation. However, it wasn't the collapse of prices or pests which resulted in the mass decline of African-American employment in agriculture in the American south. The mechanization of agriculture is undoubtedly the most important reason why many Black people moved to northern American cities in the 1940s and 1950s during the "Great Migration" as mechanization of agriculture was introduced, leaving many unemployed. The Hopson Planting Company produced the first crop of cotton to be entirely planted, harvested and baled by machinery in 1944.
Twenty-first century
In 2010, the United States Department of Agriculture vowed to pay some forty thousand black farmers $1.2 billion in total, as compensation for years of undue discrimination. Though funds were intended to be distributed by the end of 2012, the black farmers had yet to receive the designated remuneration by March 2013. In all, farmers in Pigford I who filed timely claims had received over $1 billion in payments. More than 60,000 farmers submitted late claim petitions in Pigford I. Late claimants in Pigford I were able to receive $1.1 billion in payments in the Pigford II claims process. 33,000 Black farmers in Pigford II received decision letters dated August 30, 2013, resulting from the late claims process that closed on May 11, 2012. About 18,000 Pigford II claims were eventually decided in favor of the farmers and 15,000 claims were denied.
As of 2012, there were 44,629 African-American farmers in the United States. The vast majority of African-American farmers were in southern states.
In 2021, the Biden Administration proposed the American Rescue Plan, which will support agriculture, and of this, $10.4 billion will be allocated to "disadvantaged" farmers; Black farmers make up a quarter of these farmers. While the plan is associated with the administration's COVID-19 stimulus relief packages, it is the first wave of relief for Black farmers since the extent of the debt-relief Pigford v. Glickman was to offer.
In popular culture
Picking cotton was often a subject which was mentioned in songs by African-American blues and jazz musicians in the 1920s–1940s, reflecting their grievances. In 1940, jazz pianist Duke Ellington composed "Cotton Tail" and blues musician Lead Belly wrote "Cotton Fields". In 1951, Big Mama Thornton wrote "Cotton Picking Blues." A number of blues and jazz musicians had worked on cotton plantations. Blues pianist Joe Willie "Pinetop" Perkins for instance had once been a tractor driver on a Mississippi plantation before enjoying a successful career with Muddy Waters. Lord Buckley once sang a song titled "Black Cross", pertaining to an educated black farmer murdered by a mob comprising white men.
See also
George Washington Carver
Black Belt in the American South
Black land loss in the United States
References
Further reading
Alston, Lee J., and Joseph P. Ferrie. "Social Control and Labor Relations in the American South Before the Mechanization of the Cotton Harvest in the 1950s" Journal of Institutional and Theoretical Economics (1989): 133-157 Online.
Brown, D. Clayton. King Cotton: A Cultural, Political, and Economic History since 1945 (University Press of Mississippi, 2011) 440 pp.
Davis, Allison. Deep South: A Social Anthropological Study of Caste and Class (1941) classic case study from the late 1930s
Johnson, Charles S. Statistical atlas of southern counties: listing and analysis of socio-economic indices of 1104 southern counties (1941). excerpt
Kirby, Jack Temple. Rural Worlds Lost: The American South, 1920-1960 (LSU Press, 1986) major scholarly survey with detailed bibliography; online free to borrow.
McDonald, Robin, and Valerie Pope Burnes. Visions of the Black Belt: A Cultural Survey of the Heart of Alabama (University of Alabama Press, 2015).
Ouzts, Clay. "Landlords and tenants: sharecropping and the cotton culture in Leon County, Florida, 1865-1885." Florida Historical Quarterly 75.1 (1996): 1-23. Online
Raper, Arthur F. Preface to peasantry: A tale of two black belt counties (1936, reprinted Univ of South Carolina Press, 2005), a classic study of Black Belt life excerpts; Online free to borrow.
Reynolds, Bruce J. Black farmers in America, 1865-2000: the pursuit of independent farming and the role of cooperatives (US Department of Agriculture . No. 1502-2016-130760. 2003) Online.
Rothman, Adam. Slave Country: American Expansion and the Origins of the Deep South (2007)
Sharpless, Rebecca. Fertile ground, narrow choices: Women on Texas cotton farms, 1900-1940 ( UNC Press Books, 1999).
Sumners, Joe A. and Amelia H. Stehouwer. "Politics and Economic Development in the Southern Black Belt" in The Oxford handbook of Southern politics ed. by Charles S. Bullock III and Mark J. Rozell. (2010).
U. S. Civil Rights Commission. The Decline of Black Farming in America (1982).
Vance, Rupert B. Regionalism and the South (UNC Press Books, 1982).
Whayne, Jeannie. "Race in the Reconstruction of Rural Society in the Cotton South since the Civil War." in Race and Rurality in the Global Economy ed by Michaeline A. Crichlow, et al. (2018): 247–284.
Wimberley, Dale W. "Quality of life trends in the Southern Black Belt, 1980-2005: a research note." Journal of Rural Social Sciences 25.1 (2010) Online.
Winemiller, Terance L. "Black Belt Region in Alabama" Encyclopedia of Alabama (2009) online
External links
Black Farmers and Agriculturalists Association Inc.
African-American history
History of agriculture in the United States |
Francisco Quiñones may refer to:
Francisco Mariano Quiñones (1830–1908), proponent of the abolition of slavery and of the self-determination of Puerto Rico
Francisco de Quiñones (ca. 1482–1540), Catholic cardinal and governor of Veroli and Campagna
Francisco de Quiñónez, Royal Governor of Chile, 1599–1600 |
Johannes "Hannes" Evert Koivunen (August 24, 1911, Helsinki – September 29, 1990) was a Finnish boxer who competed in the 1936 Summer Olympics.
He was born and died in Helsinki.
In 1936 he was eliminated in the quarterfinals of the light heavyweight class after losing his fight to the upcoming silver medalist Richard Vogt.
External links
1911 births
1990 deaths
Sportspeople from Helsinki
Light-heavyweight boxers
Olympic boxers for Finland
Boxers at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Finnish male boxers |
The Jubilee Arena also known as Jubilee Rink and l'Aréna Jubilee was an indoor arena located in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was located at the area bounded by rue Alphonse-D. Roy Street (then known as rue Malborough) and rue Ste. Catherine Est. It was used for games of the Montreal Canadiens hockey club of the National Hockey Association (NHA) and National Hockey League (NHL) from 1909 to 1910 and again in 1919, and it was home of the Montreal Wanderers NHA club from 1910. It was originally built in 1908 and held seating for 3,200 spectators.
Ownership of the Jubilee Rink played a significant role in the 1909 formation of the NHA. In November 1909, the owner of the Eastern Canada Hockey Association (ECHA) Wanderers club announced he would move the team to the Jubilee, which he also owned. As it was smaller than the Montreal Arena, and the other three members of the ECHA would earn less revenues when playing there, these owners dissolved the ECHA, formed the Canadian Hockey Association (CHA) and invited applications from other teams. At a meeting on November 25, the CHA rejected the application of the Wanderers, represented at the meeting by player Jimmy Gardner, as well as the application of Ambrose O'Brien's Renfrew Creamery Kings. Before leaving the building, Gardner and O'Brien decided to form the NHA, which was finalized on December 2. Poor ticket sales collapsed the CHA eight weeks after it was formed, and the popular ECHA/CHA Ottawa Hockey Club (reigning Stanley Cup champion) and Montreal Shamrocks immediately joined the seven-week-old NHA.
In 1918, when the Montreal Arena burned down, the Canadiens moved into Jubilee Arena on a full-time basis. On the afternoon of April 23, 1919, Jubilee Arena also burned down, forcing the Habs to build and move into the Mount Royal Arena which opened in 1920. The site of the old arena is now occupied by industrial tenants bearing no reminder of the former hockey venue.
See also
National Hockey League
Victoria Skating Rink
References
Defunct indoor arenas in Canada
History of Montreal
Defunct indoor ice hockey venues in Canada
Sports venues in Montreal
Defunct National Hockey League venues
Burned buildings and structures in Canada
Mercier–Hochelaga-Maisonneuve
Montreal Canadiens
Montreal Wanderers |
HMCS Longueuil was a River-class frigate that served in the Royal Canadian Navy during the Second World War. She served primarily as a convoy escort in the Battle of the Atlantic. She was named for Longueuil, Quebec.
Longueuil was ordered in October 1941 as part of the 1942-1943 River-class building program. She was laid down on 17 July 1943 by Canadian Vickers Ltd. at Montreal and launched on 30 October 1943. Longueuil was commissioned into the RCN at Quebec City on 18 May 1944 with the pennant K672.
War service
She arrived at her homeport of Halifax, Nova Scotia and undertook work up training at Bermuda under the command of Lt. Cdr. M.J. Woods, RCNVR, her only commanding officer.
Her first convoy escort took place with Convoy HX 302 which departed New York City on 4 August 1944 and arrived at Liverpool on 17 August. Longueuil was deployed with the convoy from 8 August until 13 August.
With victory in Europe seemingly imminent, the RCN deployed Longueuil to Esquimalt in June 1945 in preparation for Operation Downfall, the Allied invasion of Japan. Longueuil joined the RCN's Pacific Fleet only weeks before the Surrender of Japan following the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. She began a tropicalization refit in preparation for her service in the Pacific Ocean, but that was cancelled upon the surrender of Japan. Longueuil was paid off from the RCN on 31 December 1946 and the decision was made to dismantle her armaments and scuttle her to form a breakwater in Kelsey Bay, British Columbia in 1947.
See also
List of ships of the Canadian Navy
References
External links
HMCS Longueuil (K672) readyayeready.com
River-class frigates of the Royal Canadian Navy
1943 ships
Culture of Longueuil |
The Research Center of Islamic legislative Assembly () is the research arm of the Iranian parliament (Majlis). This center works primarily and directly for members of the Iranian parliament, their committees and staff on a confidential, nonpartisan basis. Its president is Babak Negahdari since 5 September 2021.
This center has access to the classified information of the Foreign Ministry, Intelligence Ministry and Defense Ministry of Iran.
Objectives and duties of Parliament (Majlis) Research Center
According to "Job Description of Parliament (Majlis) Research Center" Act, the aim of establishing the center is to carry out research projects in order to provide expertise and advisory opinions to the representatives, the Commission and Parliament's executive board.
According to Article (2) of Job Description of Majlis Research Center Act, its functions are as follows:
Study and provide expert opinions on all bills
Collect, review, and adjust the opinions of academic researches and research centers, executive agencies, institutions, groups, political parties, and public opinions about community needs
Study and research to good law enforcement and regulatory aspects and providing expert recommendations for removing barriers and administrative problems
Providing information needs of the Commission and Parliament through the provision and establishment of information system
The case studies conducted by the request of Executive Board, the Commission and Parliament
Carrying out assigned missions in libraries of the House that such cases are under direct supervision of Speaker;
Dissemination of the results of research studies through:
Publication of books and publications
i) Reflection the views in the relevant departments and agencies at discretion of the Executive Board.
Organs of Parliament (Majlis) Research Center
Under the stipulated Article (3) of "Job Description of Majlis Research Center" Act, the organs of Majlis Research Center are the following:
Board of Trustees, consisting of the Speaker, executive board members, and the head of Majlis Research Center.
Head of Majlis Research Center
Research Council.
Approving the general policy of Majlis Research Center according to the Center Head's proposal, approving budget, approving organizational sub-units and employment, financial, and trading laws, appoint an dismiss of the head are including the duties of the Board of Trustees.
With respect to Article (7) of "Job Description of Majlis Research Center" Act, head of the center will be chosen among qualified individuals who have high academic qualifications and enough experience for four years by the board of trustees. The main tasks of the head are: to provide policy and budget proposals and supervision over the administration and research.
Research Council is composed of the head, and five academists and experts among MPs elected by the board of trustees and five expert researches are at least assistant professors and introduced by the head of the center and board of trustees' approval.
Review and approve research projects, cooperation in the center's annual program, overseeing the publication of scholarly editions and researches of the center, and the establishment of executive program for scientific relations with other educational and research centers inside and outside the country are tasks of research council.
Study Offices
Studies and researches at Parliament (Majlis) Research Center are mainly done in the study offices. Organizational structure of study offices groups consist of a director, several senior researches and research assistants. Offices are required to define, monitor and if necessary conduct research projects, to ensure their public and professional identities; they also required transferring the progress, and achievements and results of operations to the deputy of research. Research groups are known as main centers for research activities of Majlis Research Center. Also, professional offices are supported by "Professional Advisors Council" of offices in various study fields with technical and scientific evaluation of their studies done. Majlis Research Center has a number of professional offices. Each office is associated with one or several parliamentary commissions. Activities of offices are also associated with several administrations commensurate with their duties.
See also
Economy of Iran
Government of Iran
Commission of National-Security and Foreign-Policy (of Islamic Parliament of I.R.Iran)
References
External links
Official website of MRC
Simon Wiesenthal Center
Iran Media program
Government of Iran |
The Bolshoy Uzen () or Ulken Uzen ( Úlken Ózen or ) is a river in Saratov Oblast of Russia and West Kazakhstan Province of Kazakhstan. It is long, with a drainage basin of .
The town of Novouzensk is situated at the Bolshoy Uzen. The river is used for water supply and irrigation.
Course
The Bolshoy Uzen has its sources on the western edge of the Obshchy Syrt highlands of Russia, and flows in a generally southerly direction over the steppes of the Caspian Depression. The Bolshoy Uzen runs parallel to the Maly Uzen, some further west. Lake Balykty Sarkyl lies between both rivers. The river ends close to Sarykol village in one of the Kamys-Samar Lakes, a group of small lakes and swamps in Western Kazakhstan.
The river's flow peaks in April, since most of its waters come from snowmelt. In the summer some stretches of the Bolshoy Uzen may dry up completely. At Novouzensk the discharge varies from . The river freezes over in December and stays icebound until the end of March or the beginning of April.
References
External links
Rivers of Saratov Oblast
Rivers of Kazakhstan |
Amy Phillips (born September 30, 1973) is an American professional racing cyclist. She rides for the Pepper Palace p/b The Happy Tooth team.
See also
List of 2015 UCI Women's Teams and riders
References
External links
1973 births
Living people
American female cyclists
Place of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women |
Paduraksa, also known as kori is a type of gateway covered with towering roof that can be found in the island of Java and Bali, Indonesia. This architectural feature is commonly found in buildings from the classical Hindu-Buddhist period of Indonesia. Paduraksa marks the threshold into the most sacred space (the inner sanctum) within a religious compound, a cemetery, or a palace. In Balinese architecture, an elaborately decorated towering paduraksa is often built as the temple's most imposing structure.
Form
A paduraksa is basically a gateway in the form of a candi. The structure consists of three parts: the base, where a flight of steps is located; the body where the entrance opening is located; and the crown, with its stepped profile characteristic of a candi. The entrance opening is sometimes equipped with a door made of finely carved wood.
One of the oldest surviving paduraksa gates is Bajang Ratu in Trowulan, an elegant red-brick paduraksa gate dating from the mid-14th century Majapahit. The Bajang Ratu gate is adorned with a bas-reliefs depicting the story of Sri Tanjung and Ramayana. The form of the structure is tall and slender, rising to a height of 16.5 metres and displaying intricate relief decoration, especially on the roof section.
While the basic form of a paduraksa is a stepped candi, it can be heavily decorated with ornaments, figures, and symbols. In Bali, the crown of the paduraksa is decorated with flame-like ornaments and celestial figures. The menacing head of the bhoma or fierce kala is often carved over the opening, while a lion-like effigies, or a pair of fierce giants of dvarapalas, guard the sides of the entrance. Both menacing figures of kala's head and dvarapalas door guardians are believed to have protective property; to repel and drive away evil spirits from entering the compound.
The main kori that marks the threshold into the inner sanctum of the main shrine is known as the ("great kori"). A paduraksa in the Islamic cemetery complex of Sendang Duwur contains a mysterious wing-like feature thought to represent the wings of the meru; this might be associated with the celestial bird garuda.
Classical Javanese and Balinese Hindu temple
Paduraksa and candi bentar (another gateway feature) are integral features of a Balinese Hindu temple architecture, and possibly the classical Javanese Hindu temple. Both gateways mark the threshold between different levels of sanctity within a temple compound. In Bali, a candi bentar marks the boundary between the outer world with the outer realm of the Hindu temple, the nista mandala ("outer sanctum"), while the paduraksa marks the boundary between the madya mandala ("middle sanctum") with the innermost and the most sacred utama mandala ("main sanctum").
In Balinese temple architecture, a major temple usually has triple paduraksa gates, the main largest and tallest paduraksa, flanked by two smaller ones. Daily devotees and casual visitors usually use the side doors, while the main door is kept locked, except during religious festivals. In Bali, the paduraksa central gate is reserved for the priests and the gods.
Origin and evolution
The paduraksa is a classical Indonesian adaptation of the classical Indian gopuram. The early form of a Javanese roofed gateway can be found in a couple of 8th to 9th-century temple complexes in Central Java, e.g. Prambanan, Plaosan, and Ratu Boko. In the later period, these gateways took a more slender form. Reliefs showing a candi bentar and paduraksa have been discovered in 13th-century Candi Jago in East Java. The 13th- to 14th-century paduraksa of East Java, such as those found from the Hindu period of Singhasari and Majapahit, looks identical to the Balinese paduraksa. In the archaeological site of Trowulan – the 14th-century capital of the Majapahit empire – a paduraksa named Bajang Ratu (Javanese "dwarf/defect monarch"), is the oldest paduraksa that still stands. Bajang Ratu paduraksa entrance contains round holes, indicating that a double-leaf door once existed here.
The paduraksa is still widely used upon the arrival of the Islam period in the 15th century. The name is usually chosen for a paduraksa which is used for non-Hindu purposes. The Great Mosque of Mataram (Mesjid Gedhe Mataram) in Kotagede contains a which marks the threshold into the mosque; where the tomb of Panembahan Senopati is located. The 16th-century Menara Kudus Mosque, one of the oldest mosque in Java, has a in its compound and a inside the mosque. Many kraton (palace) complexes of Islamic Java uses within its complex, e.g. within the Kraton Ngayogyakarta Hadiningrat of Yogyakarta Sultanate, Kraton Kasepuhan and Kanoman of Cirebon Sultanate and the ruined Kraton Kaibon of Banten Sultanate. Muslim cemetery complex also utilized the to mark the area where the tomb is located, e.g. in Imogiri cemetery complex. The Sendang Duwur cemetery complex has two with wing-like architectural form, which is thought to represent a winged Meru.
See also
Architecture of Indonesia
Gopuram, gates in Indian Hindu temples
References
Cited works
Architecture in Indonesia
Archaeological sites in Indonesia
Javanese culture
Balinese culture
Cultural Properties of Indonesia |
Stùc a' Chroin (, 'cloven hoof peak') (also translated as 'hill of the little sheepfold' or 'peak of danger') is a mountain in the Breadalbane region of the southern Scottish Highlands. It is a Munro, with a height of . It lies a short distance south of Ben Vorlich and east of Strathyre. The boundary between the council areas of Perth and Kinross and Stirling passes through the summit of the peak, and the town of Callander lies to the south.
Stùc a' Chroin is most often climbed together with Ben Vorlich from Ardvorlich on Loch Earnside to the north. The normal routes of ascent is over the summit of Ben Vorlich and down its south west ridge to the Bealach an Dubh Choirein. From this bealach a series of rough paths cut very steeply up the right side of the prominent buttress, involving scrambling, to the summit of Stùc a' Chroin. Returning from the bealach, Ben Vorlich can be skirted utilising a faint, boggy path traversing the grassy slopes on its north west, eventually re-joining the initial ascent path.
An alternative is from Ardchullarie on Loch Lubnaig up the forest path to the head of Glen Ample and over Beinn Each, a Corbett. The linking ridge is very rough and rocky. On return, the open west slopes of Beinn Each can be descended, encountering the remarkable eggbox terrain of a large rock slope failure (see Lochearnhead, Glen Ample)
A longer, unfrequented route of ascent to Stùc a' Chroin from Arivurichardich ascends the mountain's south east ridge.
References
The Munros, SMC Hillwalkers Guide: Donald Bennett et al.:
Munros
Marilyns of Scotland
Mountains and hills of the Southern Highlands
Mountains and hills of Perth and Kinross
Mountains and hills of Stirling (council area) |
Desulfobacula toluolica is a Gram-negative and sulfate-reducing bacterium from the genus of Desulfobacula which has been isolated from marine mud in the United States.
References
Further reading
External links
Type strain of Desulfobacula toluolica at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
Desulfobacterales
Bacteria described in 2000 |
Joseph Butler (1 March 1862 – 30 September 1934) was a New Zealand sawmiller and timber merchant. He was born in Leamington, Warwickshire, England on 1 March 1862. He died in London in 1934, after having lived most of his life in New Zealand. He was a brother of William James Butler.
References
1862 births
1934 deaths
British emigrants to the Colony of New Zealand
New Zealand sawmillers
Businesspeople in timber
People from Warwickshire |
Edward I. Alexander Sr. (c. 1850-1911) was a grocer, state legislator, city councilman, and postmaster in Florida. He represented Madison County, Florida in the Florida House of Representatives in 1877, 1879, and 1885. He sought to represent Madison County, Florida in the Florida House of Representatives in 1885.
He was involved in a contested election with Theodore H. Willard for a Florida Senate seat. Both received votes for a seat in the Florida Senate in 1888.
See also
African-American officeholders during and following the Reconstruction era
References
1850s births
1911 deaths
People from Madison County, Florida
African-American politicians during the Reconstruction Era
19th-century American politicians
African-American state legislators in Florida
Members of the Florida House of Representatives
Florida city council members
Florida postmasters
American grocers
19th-century African-American politicians |
His Majesty's Theatre is an Edwardian Baroque theatre in Perth, Western Australia. Constructed from 1902 to 1904 during a period of great growth for the town, the theatre is located on the corner of Hay Street and King Street in Perth's central business district.
At the time the theatre was opened, it was the largest theatre in Australia, and had seating for over 2,500 people. It is also thought to be the first reinforced concrete building constructed in Perth.
Over its life, the theatre has hosted large-scale musicals, ballet, opera, Shakespearean plays and many other events. It has been renovated numerous times, most notably in the late 1970s when the State Government purchased it and performed an ornamental restoration whilst modernising the facilities provided. Since that time, it has been the home of the West Australian Ballet and West Australian Opera companies, both of which perform regularly.
The importance of His Majesty's Theatre to the cultural fabric of Western Australia has been recognised by its inclusion on the State Register of Heritage Places and the Register of the National Estate. It has also been named a "State Heritage Icon", and is believed to be the only remaining working Edwardian theatre in Australia.
Construction
At the turn of the 20th century, Perth was experiencing a period of high growth as a result of the Western Australian gold rush. The prosperity which resulted from this boom led to the construction of increasingly opulent baroque buildings. Local politician Thomas Molloy had commissioned the Metropole Hotel in 1896 and adjoining 1200-seat Theatre Royal in 1897, which included the first fully equipped theatre in the growing town. Soon after the completion of that complex, Molloy asked the same architect, William G. Wolf, to design an integrated theatre and hotel complex to be named His Majesty's Theatre and Hotel in honour of the recently crowned King Edward VII. The site selected for this new theatre was the corner of King Street and Hay Street, which in 1896 had been home to "Ye Olde Englishe Faire". In June 1902, Molloy applied to the Perth Licensing Court for planning permission to construct the theatre, and when he finally received permission, he promised completion within a year.
A call for tenders to construct the complex was put out, and the winning tender was by Friederich Wilhelm Gustav Liebe, an immigrant from Saxony who had previously constructed the Bulgarian Houses of Parliament in Sofia and worked on the Budapest Opera House. The tender price was £46,000, of which £43,000 was the cost of the building alone. The construction contract between Molloy and Liebe was signed in November 1902, and Heinrich Schmidt was appointed as foreman for Liebe. Deep excavation of the site for the building's foundations and basement started almost immediately.
During construction, questions were publicly raised about the stability of the building's foundations in light of the water table on the site and the presence of a subterranean stream. Liebe conferred with the architect and engineers before developing a revised design which featured drains to divert running water. Liebe presented the modified plans to Molloy and proceeded with them, assuming that he had the consent of Molloy. Construction progressed, and the building was completed on schedule. When the time finally came for Molloy to pay Liebe for the construction, a dispute arose as to who should be liable for the extra £17,000 incurred in remedying the structural defect. Molloy was reputed to be one of the most litigious businessmen in Perth, and refused to pay higher than the original agreed price, on the basis that the contract required his written approval for extra work to be carried out. Liebe pursued him through the courts all the way to the High Court and Privy Council. The Privy Council eventually ruled in favour of Liebe, however the legal costs he had incurred were exorbitant.
After resolving some last-minute objections by the Central Board of Health to the building's fire safety, the theatre was officially opened at 8pm on Christmas Eve in 1904 by Sylvia Forrest in the presence of her uncle, former Premier John Forrest. Opening night saw "Pollard's Adult Opera Company" performing The Forty Thieves, however the choice of opening date was an unfortunate one and the opening night was not a sell-out.
Architecture
At the time of its opening, His Majesty's Theatre was the largest theatre in Australia, and also featured the country's largest stage and highest fly tower. The complex was constructed with reinforced concrete, and was the first reinforced concrete building in Perth and, possibly, in Australia. The structure is 4-storeys tall, and its features were influenced by 19th-century English and European theatres. It has been described as "a fine example" of Federation Free Classical or Edwardian Baroque architecture.
The building as designed by Wolfe was grander than Molloy's Theatre Royal complex, and featured a 65-room hotel separated from the theatre by internal iron doors. The hotel had billiard rooms, parlours and six bars to serve the patrons of the theatre. The building used of iron and steel, 3.75 million locally made bricks, imported marble, Minton tiles and Castlemaine slate. An electric lift led to the roof, where an observation platform had panoramic views over the town.
The auditorium contained a proscenium arch, with a raked stage in size. The auditorium measured , and its original capacity was 2584 people in three tiers. The interior of the theatre was a typical Edwardian horseshoe-shape to bring the audience closer to the performers. It featured stalls (seating 974), a dress circle (seating 540), an upper gallery (seating 1,074) and private boxes.
The theatre incorporated several cooling features. Four small waterfalls were located on either side of the proscenium arch, intended to cool the audience in tandem with electric fans and a retractable dome in the ceiling. The dome was split down the middle, with each half sliding to either side to open. The dome was decorated in imitation of an umbrella, with panels of gold and silver with scrollwork embellishment. The artificial waterfalls were removed early in the life of the theatre.
The exterior of the theatre was originally lined with two-level verandah balconies, which provided relief to the imposing walls. These were removed in 1947-48, because authorities considered that the proximity of the supporting pillars to the road constituted a traffic hazard. As a result, there is a disparity between the ornamentation at the top of the building's facade and the lower three storeys, which were previously obscured by the balconies.
Subsequent history and renovation
Over its first 70 years of life, His Majesty's played host to the traditional Shakespearean plays, opera, political rallies, boxing matches and movie screenings. It was particularly noted for its excellent acoustics. During World War II, the theatre functioned chiefly as a cinema due to travel restrictions on touring companies.
Original proprietor Thomas Molloy leased the theatre to others, including Ben and John Fuller, and local producer Anita Fitzgerald. Another lessee of the theatre, J. C. Williamson Ltd, is said to have made His Majesty's Theatre the Perth home of musical theatre. The theatre was renovated in 1912 at a cost of £9,000, and again in 1948 at a cost of £11,000. The latter renovation included new backstage electrical fittings and may also have been the time the verandah balconies were removed from the street frontage of the theatre. In 1952, the theatre was leased by the Edgley family and used for "Russian spectaculars". The theatre was redecorated for Edgley and Dawe in 1960, this time at a cost of £7,000. Edgley went on to purchase His Majesty's in 1969. After the Perth Entertainment Centre was completed in 1974, the Edgley productions shifted there, and the newly completed Perth Concert Hall was also favoured as a performance venue due to outdated equipment and general disrepair at His Majesty's. The theatre was sold in 1976 to Sir Norman Rydge.
Following several years with an uncertain future and a public campaign to save it, in 1977 the theatre was bought by the Government of Western Australia. Adhering to an April 1974 election promise to retain and restore the theatre in conjunction with a new Art Gallery and Cultural Centre, in 1977 the Charles Court Coalition Government undertook a A$10.5 million refurbishment. The final performance in the theatre before closing for renovation was the Gilbert and Sullivan Society's 25th anniversary production of Iolanthe. The refurbishment took three years and was overseen by architects Hill and Parkinson.
The refurbishment saw significant structural changes made to the hotel/theatre complex. Initially, it was suggested that the theatre be largely remodelled to a two-tier concert hall design. However, architect Peter S. Parkinson resisted this push to fundamentally alter the design of the theatre and a sympathetic restoration was instead favoured. Within the auditorium, it was found that the reinforced concrete floor of the stalls was substandard and was completely replaced. Additionally, on one of the upper levels a wall was discovered which was not supported by a beam in accordance with the building plans. The much-maligned supporting pillars were shifted back to improve sight-lines for the audience. The raked stage was replaced with a new flat one, and the proscenium arch widened by and decorated with plaster mouldings of the original arch. The pressed-metal ceiling was also replaced with a plaster-moulded copy. The sliding dome in the roof was permanently sealed, and redecorated to match its original design from 1904. The orchestra pit was also expanded and new lighting and counterweights installed.
The hotel portion of the complex was separated from the theatre, and renovated to provide a home for the resident West Australian Opera and West Australian Ballet, as well as backstage facilities for touring companies. A separate building was constructed to the rear of the theatre to house new dressing and rehearsal rooms, as well as a new air conditioning system.
The theatre's grand marble staircase was relocated to provide a larger foyer. It had its marble treads replaced but retains the original balustrade. The former Sportsman's Bar of the hotel was converted to function as the theatre's new box office, and the side entrance from King Street was made an emergency exit. Soundproofing was also installed within the building's walls to reduce traffic noise.
During the renovation there was debate about the best way to manage the theatre in the future. The favoured option was to establish a trust to operate it, which could focus on best serving the arts rather than worrying about commercial viability of productions. However, on 8 February 1979, Premier Court announced that His Majesty's would be run by TVW Enterprises Ltd, the owner of the rival Perth Entertainment Centre. This led to public outcry over potential conflicts of interest, and in June 1979 TVW declined to manage the theatre. The Perth Theatre Trust was instead created, and it took over the running of the theatre. His Majesty's Theatre finally reopened on 28 May 1980, with a reduced seating capacity of 1250.
His Majesty's Theatre has long been recognised as an important piece of Western Australia's history: in 1978 it was entered onto the Register of the National Estate. On 8 April 1994, it was included as an interim entry on the Western Australian Register of Heritage Places, before receiving a permanent entry on 16 December 1994. The theatre was named a State Heritage Icon in December 2004, and since February 2001 has housed a Museum of Performing Arts.
In 2004 the theatre celebrated its centenary and events included the publications of David Hough's volume of history. In 2006 the theatre became 'twinned' with the only other remaining theatre of the same name in the world, His Majesty's Theatre in Aberdeen, Scotland. Perth's His Majesty's Theatre is believed to be the only remaining working Edwardian theatre in Australia, and is presently managed on behalf of the Perth Theatre Trust by AEG Ogden, which also manages the Perth Concert Hall.
In 2008, Savcor (a company which specialises in restoration techniques for concrete and steel) was contracted to do a detailed survey of His Majesty's Theatre. This survey revealed a number of defects on the facades that potentially rendered it unsafe. In 2010, a project involving the restoration of damaged cornices and corbels was carried out. Damaged decorations were replaced by using modern repair mortars which produced perfect reproductions. Mick Summers was in charge of crafting the ornate flowers around the façade. This was achieved with the help of latex moulds which were taken from the original form. Due to structural deterioration, many of the balconies had to be rebuilt completely. The balconies' many features, including clamshell base, curved profile and plaster features, required many different processes to recreate the original. Both latex moulding and traditional construction techniques were used to make sure the balconies remained durable.
In December 2021, renovation work began to reinstate external balcony structures and return the 118-year-old building to its original façade. The Perth Theatre Trust said restoration of the balconies to their original splendour and upgrades of foyers would ensure the theatre remained a viable entertainment venue for future generations: "The extensive renovation will improve patron experience by enhancing the theatre’s main entrance and street precinct character; and extending internal foyer spaces to make them more accessible and functional". The canopy was removed and replaced with two levels of balconies designed to reflect Wolfe's intent. The balconies were constructed in sections and craned into place. They are more complex than the originals and can accommodate a variety of uses. The works were completed at the end of 2022.
Notable performances
In addition to being home to the West Australian Opera and the West Australian Ballet, His Majesty's Theatre has hosted famous performers over the years, including:
Edouard Borovansky – Czech-Australian ballet dancer, brought his "Borovansky Ballet Company" to Perth five times between 1945 and 1960;
Claudette Colbert – French-born American actress;
Peter Cook – English comedian, toured with Dudley Moore;
Dame Margot Fonteyn – English ballerina;
Amelita Galli-Curci – Italian coloratura soprano;
Judy Garland – American actress and singer, visited in 1964;
Sir John Gielgud – English actor and singer;
Percy Grainger – Australian-born pianist and composer;
Sir Rex Harrison – English actor;
Sir Robert Helpmann – Australian actor and dancer, starred with Katharine Hepburn in three Shakespeare plays in 1955;
Katharine Hepburn – American actress, starred with Sir Robert Helpmann in three Shakespeare plays in 1955;
Barry Humphries – Australian comedian and character actor, best known for his character Dame Edna Everage;
Harry Lauder – Scottish entertainer, performed in 1923;
Vivien Leigh – English actress, starred in Twelfth Night by the Old Vic Company in 1962;
Dame Nellie Melba – Australian soprano;
Gladys Moncrieff – Australian singer and musical theatre actress;
Dudley Moore – English actor and comedian, toured with Peter Cook;
Anna Pavlova – Russian ballerina;
Geoffrey Rush – Australian actor;
Dame Maggie Smith – English actress;
Dame Sybil Thorndike – English actress; and
Emlyn Williams – Welsh actor, starred as Charles Dickens in 1958.
Sir Ian McKellen English Actor, Starred in Waiting for Godot in 2010.
James Earl Jones – American Actor, starred in Driving Miss Daisy in 2013.
Angela Lansbury – British-American Actor, starred in Driving Miss Daisy in 2013.
Image gallery
See also
The Playhouse Theatre (Perth)
Regal Theatre
Perth Theatre Trust
References
Notes
Sources
("Gervas").
("Hough").
External links
Places database listing for the theatre by the Heritage Council of Western Australia
Theatres completed in 1904
Theatres in Perth, Western Australia
Landmarks in Perth, Western Australia
State Register of Heritage Places in the City of Perth
Edwardian architecture
Federation style architecture
Western Australian places listed on the defunct Register of the National Estate
Music venues in Perth, Western Australia
Hay Street, Perth |
The Yinqueshan Han Slips () are ancient Chinese writing tablets from the Western Han dynasty, made of bamboo strips and discovered in 1972. The tablets contain many writings that were not previously known or shed new light on the ancient versions of classic texts.
The Yinqueshan Han Tombs were accidentally unearthed by construction workers on April 10, 1972. Archaeologists arrived a few days later to excavate the site. The bamboo slips were discovered in Tombs no. 1 and 2 at the foot of Yinqueshan (), located southeast of the city of Linyi in the province of Shandong. Discovered in Tomb no. 1 were 4942 bamboo strips covered in closely written words and included portions of known texts, as well as a number of previously unknown military and divination texts, some of which were shown to resemble chapters in Guanzi and Mozi. The occupant had been identified as a military officer bearing the surname Sima.
Tomb no. 2, unearthed the same year, contained 32 strips of bamboo writings which clearly represent sections of a calendar for the year 134 BC.
The time of burial for both tombs had been dated to about 140 BC/134 BC and 118 BC, the texts having been written on the bamboo slips before then. After restoration and arrangement, the slips were organised into a sequential order of nine groups and 154 sections. The first group included 13 fragment chapters from Sunzi's The Art of War, and 5 undetermined chapters; the second group were the 16 chapters of Sun Bin's Art of War, which had been missing for at least 1,400 years; the third included the 7 original and lost chapters from the Six Strategies (before this significant find only the titles of the lost chapters were known); the fourth and fifth included 5 chapters from the Weiliaozi and 16 chapters from the Yanzi chunqiu; the rest of the groups included anonymous writings.
The slips are kept in the Yinqueshan Han Tombs Bamboo Slips Museum and in the Shandong Provincial Museum.
Contents
More than 38% of slips (1887 out of total 4942) were heavily damaged, which made the texts' reconstruction a very difficult task. Preliminarily, a part of the most famous texts of Yinqueshan, some 80 more were identified.
See also
Guodian Chu Slips
Mawangdui Silk Texts
Shuanggudui
Shuihudi Qin bamboo texts
Zhangjiashan Han bamboo texts
References
Citations
Sources
External links
《銀雀山漢墓竹簡》 at the Chinese Text Project
Bamboo and wooden slips
Archaeological artifacts of China
Han dynasty texts
Linyi
1972 archaeological discoveries |
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Claude Blanchard (May 19, 1932 – August 20, 2006) was a Québécois pop singer and actor.
Partial filmography
Gina (1975) - Bob Sauvageau
Mustang (1975) -
Fantastica (1980) - Hector
Jesus of Montreal (1989) - Policeman
Rafales (1990) - Armand Pouliot
Montreal Stories (1991) - Quesnel (segment "Toile du temps, La")
Nénette (1991)
Omerta (1996-1999, TV Series) - Roger Perreault
Virginie (1996-2006, TV Series) - Pierre Boivin
Now or Never (Aujourd'hui ou jamais) (1998) - Napoleon
References
External links
1932 births
2006 deaths
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male television actors
Male actors from Quebec
Musicians from Quebec
20th-century Canadian male musicians |
Hsu Ya-ching (; born 30 July 1991) is a Taiwanese badminton player.
Personal life
Hsu is married to former doubles partner Lin Chia-yu.
Career
She started playing badminton at aged 10, then in 2009 she joined Chinese Taipei national badminton team. She participated in the 2015 Malaysia Super Series Premier Qualification, in the 2015 Japan Super Series and in the 2014 Chinese Taipei Open Grand Prix Gold.
Achievements
Summer Universiade
Women's doubles
Mixed doubles
World University Championships
Mixed doubles
BWF World Tour (1 title, 2 runners-up)
The BWF World Tour, which was announced on 19 March 2017 and implemented in 2018, is a series of elite badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF). The BWF World Tour is divided into levels of World Tour Finals, Super 1000, Super 750, Super 500, Super 300 (part of the HSBC World Tour), and the BWF Tour Super 100.
Women's doubles
Mixed doubles
BWF Grand Prix (1 runner-up)
The BWF Grand Prix had two levels, the Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold. It was a series of badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF) and played between 2007 and 2017.
Women's singles
BWF International Challenge/Series (6 titles, 3 runners-up)
Women's singles
Women's doubles
Mixed doubles
BWF International Challenge tournament
BWF International Series tournament
BWF Future Series tournament
References
External links
Living people
1991 births
Sportspeople from Tainan
Taiwanese female badminton players
Badminton players at the 2018 Asian Games
Badminton players at the 2022 Asian Games
Asian Games competitors for Chinese Taipei
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Chinese Taipei
Universiade bronze medalists for Chinese Taipei
Universiade medalists in badminton
Medalists at the 2015 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 2017 Summer Universiade
21st-century Taiwanese women |
The Moscow International Duduk Festival, MIDF (; ) is an international annual music festival of Armenian national musical instrument of Duduk held in Moscow.
Organizers
The Festival is organized by the project Dudukist, which at this moment consists of Suren Baghdasaryan and Marina Selivanova (until 2016 – also Hovhannes Ghazaryan)
In 2014 organizers of the Festival founded The School of Duduk under the direction of dudukist Hovhannes Ghazaryan.
Purposes
One of the main objectives of the Festival is to strengthen cultural bonds and cooperation between Russia, Armenia and other countries, as well as to promote the preservation and development of Armenian culture. The Festival also aims at finding and promoting talented duduk players from different parts of the world.
History
The First Moscow Duduk Festival was held on 30 April 2014, at the Cultural Center “Moskvich”. The participants of the festival included Hovhannes Ghazaryan, Martin Ghazaryan, Vardan Harutyunyan, Valeriy Nam, Argishti, Aram Avedikyan, Yuriy Muradyan, Selena, Gegham Ohanyan, Gevorg Hayrapetyan, David Hovsepyan, Vitaliy Poghosyan, Aleksey Sadoev, Merujan Achoyan, instrumental band “OTTA-orkestr”, singer Diana Dikovski, famous author and performer Yevgeniy Ross, singer and one of the organizers of the Festival Marina Selivanova. Stage-director of the Festival – Artistic Director of “Gavit” Theatre Hamlet Galechyan, the Festival was hosted by Ruben Mkhitaryan. A total number of around one thousand people visited The First Moscow International Duduk Festival.
The Second Moscow Duduk Festival was held on 27 September 2015, in the Moscow State Variety Theatre. The participants of the Festival included Georgiy Minasov, Artak Asatryan, Georgiy Minasyan, Manvel Mnatsakanyan, Kamo Seyranyan, Gagik Malkhasyan, Hovhannes Ghazaryan, Norayr Barseghyan, Martin Ghazaryan, Vitaliy Poghosyan, Emmanuel Hovhannisyan, Argishti, ensemble “Dudukist”, duduk quartet “Urartu”, Tatul Hambartsumyan. Well-known performer of dance, folk and patriotic songs Dzakh Harut was also among those, who visited the Festival. Stage-director of the Festival –Artistic Director of “Gavit” Theatre Hamlet Galechyan, the Festival was hosted by Ruben Mkhitaryan. A total number of around 1.5 thousand people visited The Second Moscow International Duduk Festival.
The Third Moscow International Duduk Festival, organized by “Dudukist” project, took place on 25 September 2016 in the concert hall “Moskvich”. The Third Duduk Festival reached an even higher professional level due to the impeccable musical program accompanied by Russian Academic Concert Orchestra "Boyan". The orchestra has a unique composition and has no analogues in the world. Conductor - the Honoured Artist of the Russian Federation Nikolai Stepanov. The festival brought together the best duduk players of the world. The third festival's participants included Honoured Artist of Armenia Georgiy Minasov and his legendary ensemble “Dudukner”, Honoured Artist of Armenia Gagik Malkhasyan, Georgiy Minasyan, Artak Asatryan, Norayr Barseghyan, Anahit and Anna Mkhitaryan, Martin Ghazaryan, Vitaliy Poghosyan, Argishti, Arsen Grigoryan, Hovhannes Ghazaryan, ensemble “Dudukist”, Raphael Mkhitaryan, Emmanuel Hovhannisyan, Tatul Hambardzumyan and Selena. The Third Moscow International Duduk Festival was held with the support of the Armenian Youth Congress of Russia. Stage-director of the Festival –Artistic Director of “Gavit” Theatre Hamlet Galechyan, the Festival was hosted by Ruben Mkhitaryan.
On October 1, 2017, the IV Moscow International Duduk Festival was held in the small hall of the State Kremlin Palace. The festival was attended by dudukists from different countries, among which are: Vitaly Poghosyan, Armen Hovhannisyan, Rafael Mkrtchyan, Gegham Ohanyan, Khosrow Manukyan, Georgy Minasyan, Artak Asatryan Tatul Hambardzumyan, Karine Drnoyan Gegham Ohanyan, honored artist of Armenia Georgi Minasov and his Dudukner ensemble, also Acapella Express group and OTTA Orchestra. The host of the annual festival was Ruben Mkhitaryan. Soloists, like the year before, were accompanied by the Boyan State Academic Russian Concert Orchestra (conductor Nikolay Stepanov).
The Fifth Moscow International Duduk Festival took place on October 6 and 7, 2018, during the World Space Week at the Moscow Planetarium. Dudukists of international level from various countries took part in the festival, including Professor of Yerevan Komitas State Conservatory Gevorg Dabagyan, laureate of international competitions, winner of the Babylonian festival Martin Ghazaryan, soloist of the Yerevan State Philharmonic, Harutyun Chkolyan, soloist of the Akunq Armenian folk ensemble Armen Hovhannisyan, musician of the State Orchestra of Folk Instruments, founder of the ensemble The Birds Band Norayr Gapoyan. The concert was also attended by the 0zareniye chamber choir, the multi-voiced Tamzara choir, and modern composers and musicians: Andrei Tanzyu (frame drums, rik, percussion), Gennady Lavrentyev (violin, tabla, fretless guitar), Ivan Muralov (Indian sitar), Paata Chakaberia (fretless bass guitar), Dmitry Losev (keyboards, electronics), Sati Kazanova. Unlike last year's events, the Fifth Festival was marked by a full-domed multimedia show with full immersion in the space to the sounds of the duduk. Especially for this, the organizers shot a unique film that was broadcast directly to the dome of the planetarium.
International Duduk Festival in Spain
In July 2016, the project Dudukist organized two concerts in the framework of the International Duduk Festival in Spain as part of the "Days of Armenia" festival. On 3 July 2016 duduk festival in Centro Civico Cotxeres Borrel in Barcelona was held, and on 5 July 2016 the festival was held in Catalan city of Lloret de Mar, on the sidelines of which dudukists from Armenia, Spain and Russia performed on the central square of the city, in front of the City Hall. The participants included ensemble “Dudukist” of Moscow School of Duduk (Artistic Director – Hovhannes Ghazaryan), Baeva Larisa, Aleksey Kapitonov, Iosif Gasparyan, Artyom Torosyan, Grigoriy Romanov, Nika Ohanyan, Simon Osepyan, Mariya Khayarova, Gegham Ohanyan, Marina Selivanova, Catalan School of Duduk (Artistic Director – Hovhannes Karakhanyan), Roland Terborg, Gener Omedis, Sedrak Petrosyan, Valentin Carole, Raul, Shushanik Hovhannisyan. The festival was held with the support of the Russian House in Catalonia.
Notes
External links
Moscow Duduk Festival Official Website
Music festivals established in 2014
2014 in Russia
2014 in music
Folk festivals in Russia
Events in Moscow
Music in Moscow |
The history of the Scots language refers to how Anglic varieties spoken in parts of Scotland developed into modern Scots.
Origins
Speakers of Northumbrian Old English settled in south-eastern Scotland in the 7th century, at which time Cumbric was spoken in the south of Scotland up to the Forth-Clyde isthmus, and the possibly related Pictish was spoken further north. At the same time Gaelic speakers began to spread from the Western Coast of Scotland north of the Clyde into the east. Over the next five hundred years with the founding of Scotland and spread of Christianity across the north of Britain by the Columban Church the Gaelic language slowly moved eastwards and southwards across the lowlands. When Northumbrian lands were incorporated into Scotland in the 11th century Gaelic became the prestige language there and had some influence, but the south east remained largely English speaking. In the far north, Viking incursions brought Old Norse speakers into Caithness, Orkney, and Shetland.
Scholars of the language generally use the following chronology:
Northumbrian Old English to 1100
Pre-literary Scots to 1375
Early Scots to 1450
Middle Scots to 1700
Modern Scots 1700 onwards
Pre-literary Scots
The nature of early forms of the language are obscure due to Viking plundering and destruction, Edward I of England's removal of the national records and their subsequent loss, the destruction of the monasteries in border warfare, and vandalism during the Reformation. It is difficult to assess whether Scots descends largely from the Northumbrian Old English of Lothian or the Anglo-Danish of Yorkshire introduced some four hundred years later, which would explain the Norse elements in Early Scots which are lacking in Northumbrian Old English. According to linguist Paul Johnston, Scots descends "from a radically restructured, Norse-influence Northumbrian going back to the Danelaw proper as much as from the original dialects of the Bernician settlers." Further Scandinavian influence could have come about through Scotland's trade contacts with Norway. Current insights into pre-literary Scots stem largely from place-names, archaeology, and a few words in Latin documents.
Early Scots
Northumbrian Old English had been established in south-eastern Scotland as far as the River Forth by the 7th century. It remained largely confined to this area until the 13th century, continuing in common use while Scottish Gaelic was the court language until displaced by Norman French in the early 12th century. English then spread further into Scotland via the burgh.
After the 12th century early northern Middle English began to spread north and eastwards. It was from this dialect that Early Scots, known to its speakers as "English" (Inglis), began to develop, which is why in the late 12th century Adam of Dryburgh described his locality as "in the land of the English in the Kingdom of the Scots" and why the early 13th century author of de Situ Albanie thought that the Firth of Forth "divides the kingdoms of the Scots and of the English".
Most of the evidence suggests that English spread further into Scotland via the burghs, proto-urban institutions which were first established by King David I. Incoming burghers were mainly English (especially from Northumbria and the Earldom of Huntingdon), Flemish and French. Although the military aristocracy employed French and Gaelic, these small urban communities appear to have been using English as something more than a lingua franca by the end of the 13th century. The growth in prestige of English in the 14th century, and the complementary decline of French in Scotland's Royal Court, made English the prestige language of most of eastern Scotland.
Divergence from Northumbrian Middle English was influenced by the Norse of Scandinavian-influenced Middle English-speaking immigrants from the North and Midlands of England during the 12th and 13th centuries, Dutch and Middle Low German through trade and immigration from the low countries, and Romance via ecclesiastical and legal Latin, Norman and later Parisian French due to the Auld Alliance. Some loan words entered the language resulting from contact with Scottish Gaelic, often for geographical features such as ben, glen, crag, loch and strath; however, there are several others like bog from bog (moist or damp), twig (catch on) from tuig (understand), galore (lots of) from gu leòr (plenty), boose or buss from bus (mouth), and whisky from uisge-beatha (water of life).
Eventually the royal court and barons all spoke Inglis. Further spreading of the language eventually led to Scottish Gaelic being confined mostly to the highlands and islands by the end of the Middle Ages, although some lowland areas, notably in Galloway and Carrick, retained the language until the 17th or 18th century. From the late 14th century even Latin was replaced by Inglis as the language of officialdom and literature.
Middle Scots
By the early 16th century what was then called Inglis had become the language of government, and its speakers started to refer to it as Scottis and to Scottish Gaelic, which had previously been titled Scottis, as Erse (Irish). The first known instance of this was by Adam Loutfut c. 1494. In 1559 William Nudrye was granted a monopoly by the court to produce school textbooks, two of which were Ane Schort Introduction: Elementary Digestit into Sevin Breve Tables for the Commodius Expeditioun of Thame That are Desirous to Read and Write the Scottis Toung and Ane Intructioun for Bairnis to be Learnit in Scottis and Latin. In 1560 an English herald spoke to Mary of Guise and her councillors, at first they talked in the "Scottish tongue" but because he could not understand they continued in French.
By this time Scots had diverged significantly from its neighbour south of the border and had become the vehicle for an extensive and diverse national literature. Free variation was a prominent and important feature of the Middle Scots spelling system, however, all writers displayed some greater or lesser degree of consistency in their spelling habits. A literary standard applied but it was less than uniform. From the middle of the 16th century Scots began to become increasingly Anglicized. At the time of King James I, the King James version of the Bible and other editions of the Scripture printed in English became popular. By the late 16th century almost all writing was composed in a mixture of Scots and English spellings, the English forms slowly becoming more common so that by the end of the 17th century Scots spellings had almost disappeared completely. This process took slightly longer in unpublished vernacular literature and official records. After the Union of the Crowns in 1603 the Scots speaking gentry had increasing contact with English speakers and began to remodel their speech on that of their English peers. It was this remodelling that eventually led to the formation of Scottish English.
From 1610 to the 1690s during the Plantation of Ulster some 200,000 Scots settled in the north of Ireland taking what were to become Ulster Scots dialects with them. Most of these Scots came from counties in the west of Scotland, such as Ayrshire, Lanarkshire, Renfrewshire, and Galloway, but others came from the Borders. The Ulster-Scots language has been greatly influenced in pronunciation by Hiberno-English. Additionally, it has loan-words from Irish.
Modern Scots
In the 18th century 'polite society' now considered Scots as 'provincial and unrefined' and much of the gentry endeavoured to rid itself of the former national tongue. Elocutionists such as Thomas Sheridan and John Walker were employed to teach Scots, both in London and Scotland, the formalities of proper English. However, this status was not universally accepted by all educated Scots of the period and a new literary Scots came into being. Unlike Middle Scots, it was usually based on contemporary colloquial speech. Its orthography was generally an adaptation of the imported standard, though some orthographic features from Middle Scots continued to be used. This modern literary Scots was exemplified by Allan Ramsay and his followers, and their successors such as Robert Burns. Many writers and publishers found it advantageous to use English forms and copious apostrophes to secure a larger English readership unfamiliar with Scots. The pronunciation undoubtedly remained Scots as the rhymes reveal. Early in the 19th century the publication of John Jamieson's Etymological Dictionary of the Scots Language was accompanied by a renewed interest in Scots among the middle and upper classes. In this period the absence of an official standard or socially acceptable norm led to further dialect divergence.
Notes
See also
Phonological history of the Scots language
References
A History of Scots to 1700 in A Dictionary of Older Scots Vol. 12. Oxford University Press 2002.
Aitken, A.J. (1977) How to Pronounce Older Scots in Bards and Makars. Glasgow, Glasgow University Press.
Aitken, A. J. (1987) The Nuttis Schell: Essays on the Scots Language. Aberdeen, Aberdeen University Press.
Caldwell, S.J.G. (1974) The Relative Pronoun in Early Scots. Helsinki, Société Néophilique.
Corbett, John; McClure, Derrick; Stuart-Smith, Jane (Editors)(2003) The Edinburgh Companion to Scots. Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press.
Jones, Charles (1997) The Edinburgh History of the Scots Language. Edinburgh, University of Edinburgh Press.
Jones, Charles (1995) A Language Suppressed: The pronunciation of the Scots language in the 18th century. Edinburgh, John Donald.
External links
Dictionary of the Scots Language
Scottish Language Dictionaries Ltd
The Scots Spelling System in Early Modern Texts
NOSTRA VULGARI LINGUA: SCOTS AS A EUROPEAN LANGUAGE 1500–1700
Cultural history of Scotland
Scots language
Languages of Ireland
Languages of Scotland
Germanic language histories |
Con-Nichiwa is an annual anime convention held during April at the DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel Tucson – Reid Park in Tucson, Arizona.
Programming
The convention typically offers a cosplay cafe, cosplay parade, J-Fashion show, maid cafe, masquerade, panels, and vendors.
History
The convention moved from the Holiday Inn Palo Verde to the Tucson Convention Center in 2014 due to growth. Con-Nichiwa shared the Tucson Convention Center with a Bernie Sanders 2016 election campaign event. Con-Nichiwa 2020 was moved from June to November due to the COVID-19 pandemic, but was later cancelled.
Event history
References
External links
Con-Nichiwa official website
Anime conventions in the United States
Recurring events established in 2010
Annual events in Arizona
Festivals in Tucson, Arizona
Tourist attractions in Tucson, Arizona
2010 establishments in Arizona
Conventions in Arizona |
Harriet Lansing (born May 19, 1945) is an American lawyer, feminist, and a former judge on the Ramsey County Municipal Court (1978-83) and the Minnesota Court of Appeals (1983-2011).
Early life and education
Harriet Lansing was born in rural Wisconsin and attended a one-room country school. She earned her undergraduate degree in 1967 in Political Science from Macalester College. She was one of ten women in her class at the University of Minnesota Law School where she earned her J.D. in 1970. She is married to Allan Klein, a retired attorney and administrative law judge.
As she describes herself in her oral history: "My early life experience provided me with a deep appreciation for the importance of community, the transformational power of words and literature, liberation of work, and the fundamental value of fairness. I would add to that list also the love of tall trees, fresh air and a good pair of hiking boots."
Career
In 1972 she worked for the St. Paul City Attorney's Office. She opened the first women's law firm in 1973: Lansing, Oakes and Caperton. Rosalie Wahl and other members of Minnesota Women Lawyers referred clients. In 1976 she was appointed to be St. Paul's first woman City Attorney. (Only eight cities had women city attorneys at that time.)
Governor Rudy Perpich appointed her to the Ramsey County Municipal Court in 1978, the first woman on that court, and the only woman to serve during her five years there. In 1983, Governor Perpich appointed her as one of the first six judges (two of whom were women) on the newly-created Minnesota Court of Appeals where she served for 28 years, winning five elections and writing more than 2000 opinions. She retired in 2011.
Impact on the law
Judge Lansing was a founding member of Minnesota Women Lawyers in 1972 and the recipient of its Myra Bradwell award in 2003. She was the vice chair for the Gender Fairness Task Force, chaired by Justice Rosalie E. Wahl. She chaired and helped to establish the Family Law Mediation Program.
The U.S. Supreme Court affirmed the opinion she wrote in the 1993 case of Growe et al. v. Emison et al. holding that the federal courts had improperly enjoined the state court's redistricting plan.
Judge Lansing taught as an adjunct faculty member at William Mitchell College of Law and Hamline University Law School, and at the Appellate Judges Institute at New York University. She chaired the University of Minnesota Law School's Board of Visitors.
She joined the Uniform Law Commission in 1993, served as chair of the Commission's Executive Committee from 2011 to 2013 and as President from 2013 to 2015.
In 2015 she became a Fellow of the European Law Institute and was the keynote speaker for the Institute's Annual Conference and General Assembly in Vienna, Austria. In 2018 she also delivered the keynote speech for the Institute at its annual meeting in Riga, Latvia. From 2015 to 2018 she served as a member of the United States delegation to the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law on Enforcement of International Commercial Settlement Agreements.
External links
https://mncourts.libguides.com/lansing
References |
Mohammad Salehu (, also Romanized as Moḩammad Şāleḩū) is a village in Garamduz Rural District, Garamduz District, Khoda Afarin County, East Azerbaijan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 419, in 78 families. The village is populated by the Kurdish Chalabianlu tribe.
References
Populated places in Khoda Afarin County
Kurdish settlements in East Azerbaijan Province |
Margaret Wyndham Gore (24 January 1913 – 20 August 1993), known as Margot Gore, was a leading British aviator and osteopath. She was appointed MBE for her service as a commander in the Air Transport Auxiliary. She may be the first woman to pilot a Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress. After the war she trained to be an osteopath rising to teach and then sit on the board of the British School of Osteopathy.
Early life
Gore was born in Worthing in 1913, and her loves were medicine and flying. Her family moved to Ireland, where she spent her childhood running free with the local hunt and obtaining little formal education. A family maid secretly took her to view Michael Collins' body when he was laid out. When she was sixteen her family moved back to England, and at Bedford High School for Girls she realised her lack of qualifications.
Flying career and Air Transport Auxiliary
She wanted a career in medicine but lacked the academic background. She worked as a secretary at Smithfield Market to raise money for flying lessons, and she later undertook subsidised lessons with the Civil Air Guard in 1938 as war became inevitable. She was taught to fly by Gabrielle Patterson, who encouraged her to become a qualified instructor in 1939.
In 1940 the Air Transport Auxiliary (ATA) agreed to take women pilots and recruits were gathered by Pauline Gower with an initial eight women pilots. The ATA's role was to deliver aircraft and the De Havilland Tiger Moth was the first to be entrusted to the ATA's new women pilots at Hatfield, Hertfordshire. Gore was not amongst the first eight but she was the tenth and in the next batch to be recruited in June 1940.
Gore rose to head the Hamble ATA ferry pool in 1941 with Rosemary Rees as her second in command. Ida Veldhuyzen van Zanten, the only Dutch woman pilot in the ATA, flew under her command, as did Maureen Dunlop, an Anglo Argentinian pilot. She was now a flight captain with all female recruits, delivering aircraft as they were manufactured to operational units around the country. She was the first to train on the Halifax bomber and she is believed to be the first woman to pilot an American Flying Fortress.
Awarded an MBE in the 1944 New Year Honours for her services during the war. In 1945 she was still at Hamble. She was the first recruit to the WAAF Voluntary Reserve branch at White Waltham Airfield when it was formed in 1947.
Later career
Gore still wanted to enter medicine and she studied physics, chemistry and biology in order to enter a course in Osteopathy. She was given the gold medal as the best student in 1954 after three years at the British School of Osteopathy. She went on to teach at the school and rose to be on the board of the school, and in 1968 she was vice-chairman of the Osteopathic Educational Foundation. She is recognised as one of the key people who shaped the school after the war.
Gore died in Nettlebed in 1993, aged 80.
References
1913 births
1993 deaths
People from Worthing
Osteopaths
People educated at Bedford High School, Bedfordshire |
Tofacitinib, sold under the brand Xeljanz among others, is a medication used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, polyarticular course juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and ulcerative colitis. It is a janus kinase (JAK) inhibitor, discovered and developed by the National Institutes of Health and Pfizer.
Common side effects include diarrhea, headache, and high blood pressure. Serious side effects may include infections, cancer, and pulmonary embolism. In 2019, the safety committee of the European Medicines Agency began a review of tofacitinib and recommended that doctors temporarily not prescribe the 10 mg twice-daily dose to people at high risk for pulmonary embolism. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) also released warnings about the risk of blood clots. An important side effect of Jakinibs is serious bacterial, mycobacterial, fungal and viral infections. In the phase III trials of tofacitinib among opportunistic infections, pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) was reported in 3 cases all of which were initially negative upon screening for TB.
It was approved for medical use in the United States in November 2012. The extended release version was approved in February 2016. It is available as a generic medication.
Medical uses
Rheumatoid arthritis
Tofacitinib citrate is approved for medical use in the United States with an indication "to treat adults with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis who have had an inadequate response to, or who are intolerant of, methotrexate."
In the European Union, in combination with methotrexate, tofacitinib citrate is indicated for the treatment of moderate to severe active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in adults who have responded inadequately to, or who are intolerant to one or more disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. It can be given as monotherapy in case of intolerance to methotrexate or when treatment with MTX is inappropriate.
Ulcerative colitis
In May 2018, the FDA approved tofacitinib citrate "for the treatment of adult patients in the U.S. with moderately to severely active ulcerative colitis." Tofacitinib citrate is the first oral JAK inhibitor approved for use in chronic ulcerative colitis.
Adverse effects
Tofacitinib was initially not approved by European regulatory agencies because of concerns over efficacy and safety, although by 2018, the European Commission had approved it. Animal studies with tofacitinib conducted prior to human trials showed some carcinogenesis, mutagenesis, and impairment of fertility.
The most commonly reported adverse reactions during the first three months in controlled clinical trials (occurring in 2% or more of patients treated with tofacitinib citrate monotherapy or in combination with DMARDs) were upper respiratory tract infections, headache, diarrhea, and nasopharyngitis (the "common cold").
Tofacitinib is required by the FDA to have a boxed warning on its label about possible injury and death due to problems such as infections, lymphoma, and other malignancies, which can arise from use of this drug. Serious infections leading to hospitalization or death, including tuberculosis and bacterial, invasive fungal, viral, and other opportunistic infections, have occurred in patients receiving tofacitinib. Epstein Barr virus-associated post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorder has been observed at an increased rate in renal transplant patients treated with tofacitinib while on immunosuppressive medications. Patients are warned to avoid use of tofacitinib citrate during an "active serious infection, including localized infections." Doctors are advised to use it with caution in patients who may be at increased risk of gastrointestinal perforations. Laboratory monitoring is recommended due to potential changes in lymphocytes, neutrophils, hemoglobin, liver enzymes, and lipids. Tofacitinib claims to have no contraindications, but doctors are advised to reduce the patient's dosage when combined with "potent inhibitors of cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4)," such as ketoconazole, or one or more combined medications that result in both moderate inhibition of CYP3A4 and potent inhibition of CYP2C19 such as fluconazole. Furthermore, immunizations with live vaccines should be avoided by tofacitinib users.
According to postmarketing research, tofacitinib may also increase the risk for pulmonary embolism. Prescribers should consider risk factors for pulmonary embolism, including age, obesity, smoking, and immobilization before prescribing this medication. Patients taking this medication, irrespective of indication or risk factors, should be monitored for signs and symptoms of pulmonary embolism.
Mechanism
It is an inhibitor of the enzyme janus kinase 1 (JAK1) and janus kinase 3 (JAK 3), which means that it interferes with the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, which transmits extracellular information into the cell nucleus, influencing DNA transcription.
In a mouse model of established arthritis, tofacitinib rapidly improved disease by inhibiting the production of inflammatory mediators and suppressing STAT1-dependent genes in joint tissue. This efficacy in this disease model correlated with the inhibition of both JAK1 and JAK3 signaling pathways, suggesting that tofacitinib may exert therapeutic benefit via pathways that are not exclusive to inhibition of JAK3.
History
The potential significance of JAK3 inhibition was first discovered in the laboratory of John O'Shea, an immunologist at the National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases of the National Institutes of Health (NIH). In 1994, Pfizer was approached by the NIH to form a public-private partnership to evaluate and bring to market experimental compounds based on this research. Pfizer initially declined the partnership, but agreed in 1996, after the elimination of an NIH policy dictating that the market price of a product resulting from such a partnership would need to be commensurate with the investment of public taxpayer revenue and the "health and safety needs of the public." Pfizer worked with O'Shea's laboratory to define the structure and function of JAK3 and its receptors, and then handled the drug discovery, preclinical development, and clinical development of tofacitinib in-house.
The drug was coded as CP-690,550 during development. Its original recommended International nonproprietary name (rINN) was tasocitinib, but that was overruled during the INN approval process as being not optimally differentiable from other existing INNs, so the name "tofacitinib" was proposed and became the INN.
In November 2012, the FDA approved tofacitinib for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
A 2014 study showed that tofacitinib treatment was able to convert white fat tissues into more metabolically active brown fat, suggesting it may have potential applications in the treatment of obesity.
In November 2012, the FDA approved tofacitinib to treat adults with moderately to severely active rheumatoid arthritis who have had an inadequate response to, or who are intolerant of, methotrexate. The FDA approved only the five-mg, twice-daily dose on the grounds that a higher dose was not considered to have an adequate risk-to-benefit ratio.
In September 2020, the FDA approved tofacitinib for the treatment of children and adolescents two years of age and older with active polyarticular course juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
In December 2021, the FDA approved tofacitinib for the treatment of adults with active ankylosing spondylitis.
As of June 2021, tofacitinib is available as a generic medicine in the US.
Society and culture
Names
Tofacitinib is marketed as Xeljanz except for Russia, where it is marketed as Jaquinus.
Research
It has demonstrated effectiveness in the treatment of psoriasis in phase III studies. As of November 2013 it was studied in immunological diseases, as well as for the prevention of organ transplant rejection.
Psoriasis
Tofacitinib is an investigational drug in psoriasis. As of October 2015, it demonstrated its effectiveness for plaque psoriasis in phase III, randomized, controlled trials in comparison to placebo and to etanercept. In particular, a ten-mg, twice-daily dose of tofacitinib was shown to be not inferior to etanercept 50 mg, subcutaneously, twice weekly.
In October 2015, the FDA rejected approval of tofacitinib for the treatment of psoriasis due to safety concerns.
Alopecia areata
Based on preclinical studies in a mouse model of the disease, tofacitinib has been investigated for the treatment of alopecia areata. Early case reports suggested potential efficacy, as did a phase II open-label clinical trial, published in tandem with a phase II clinical trial showing the same for ruxolitinib.
Vitiligo
In a June 2015 case report, a 53-year-old woman with vitiligo showed noticeable improvement after taking tofacitinib for five months.
Atopic dermatitis
The results of using tofacitinib in six patients with recalcitrant atopic dermatitis was published in September 2015. All saw improvement in their atopic dermatitis without any adverse events.
Ankylosing spondylitis
In 2021 and 2022, results of a phase III randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial were reported, that showed significant improvements for patients with active ankylosing spondylitis compared to placebo.
Ulcerative colitis
As of November 2013 it was studied for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease.The FDA approved tofacitinib in May 2018 for treatment of ulcerative colitis.
References
External links
Non-receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors
Immunosuppressants
Pyrrolopyrimidines
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs
Pfizer brands |
Volnovakha Raion () is one of the eight raions (administrative districts) of Donetsk Oblast, in southeastern Ukraine. Its administrative center is in the city of Volnovakha. The raion's population is
History
On 9 December 2014, the Verkhovna Rada, Ukraine's national parliament, changed the boundaries and area of the Volnovakha Raion to encompass following the events surrounding the War in Donbas. Subsequently, the Governor of Donetsk Oblast Oleksandr Kikhtenko adopted a resolution moving the administrative center of Novoazovsk Raion to the settlement of Vynohradne, the administrative center of Telmanove Raion to the urban-type settlement of Myrne, and the administrative center of Yasynuvata Raion to the urban-type settlement of Ocheretyne. The January 2020 estimate of the raion population was
On 18 July 2020, as part of the administrative reform of Ukraine, the number of raions of Donetsk Oblast was reduced to eight, of which only five were controlled by the government, and the area of Volnovakha Raion was significantly expanded. The raion's population is
Subdivisions
After the reform in July 2020, the raion consists of 8 hromadas:
Khlibodarivka rural hromada
Komar rural hromada
Myrne settlement hromada
Olhynka settlement hromada
Staromlynivka rural hromada
Velyka Novosilka settlement hromada
Volnovakha urban hromada
Vuhledar urban hromada
Demographics
According to the 2001 Ukrainian Census
See also
Administrative divisions of Donetsk Oblast
References
External links
Official website of the Volnovakha District State Administration
Raions of Donetsk Oblast
1923 establishments in Ukraine |
```objective-c
#pragma once
#include "configkey.h"
#include <vespa/vespalib/util/time.h>
namespace config {
class ConfigSubscription;
struct SubscribeHandler
{
/**
* Subscribes to a spesific config given by a subscription.
* If the subscribe call is successful, the callback handler will be called
* with the new config.
*
* @param key the subscription key to subscribe to.
* @param timeout the timeout of the subscribe call.
* @return subscription object containing data relevant to client
*/
virtual std::shared_ptr<ConfigSubscription> subscribe(const ConfigKey & key, vespalib::duration timeout) = 0;
virtual ~SubscribeHandler() = default;
};
}
``` |
The Udachnaya pipe (, literally lucky pipe) is a diamond deposit in the Daldyn-Alakit kimberlite field in Sakha Republic, Russia. It is an open-pit mine, and is located just outside the Arctic circle at .
History
Udachnaya was discovered on 15 June 1955, just two days after the discovery of the diamond pipe Mir by Soviet geologist Vladimir Shchukin and his team. It is about deep, making it the third deepest open-pit mine in the world (after Bingham Canyon Mine and Chuquicamata).
The nearby settlement of Udachny is named for the deposit.
, Udachnaya pipe is controlled by Russian diamond company Alrosa, which planned to halt open-pit mining in favor of underground mining in 2010.
The mine has estimated reserves of of diamonds and an annual production capacity of .
See also
Mir mine
Volcanic pipe
References
External links
Satellite photo of the Udachnaya pipe
Diamond mines in Russia
Diamond mines in the Soviet Union
Diatremes of Russia
Open-pit mines
Science and technology in the Soviet Union
Sakha Republic
Surface mines in Russia |
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