Split (2)

train · 999k rows

text stringlengths 1 22.8M
Heteroturris sola is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Borsoniidae. Description Distribution This marine species occurs off Cebu, the Philippines. References Powell, 1967. The family Turridae in the Indo-Pacific. Part 1a: The subfamily Turrinae concluded. External links Heteroturris sola Bouchet P., Kantor Yu.I., Sysoev A. & Puillandre N. (2011) A new operational classification of the Conoidea. Journal of Molluscan Studies 77: 273–308 MNHN, Paris: Heteroturris sola sola Gastropods described in 1967
The Japanese bullhead shark (Heterodontus japonicus) is a species of bullhead shark in the family Heterodontidae found in the northwestern Pacific Ocean off the coasts of Japan, Korea, and China. This benthic shark occurs at depths of over rocky bottoms or kelp beds. Measuring up to long, it can be identified by its short, blunt head, two high dorsal fins with anterior spines, and pattern of irregularly shaped, vertical brown bands and stripes. The Japanese bullhead shark is a docile, slow-swimming species that feeds mainly on shelled invertebrates and small bony fishes. Reproduction is oviparous, with females laying spiral-flanged eggs in communal "nests". This species is of little interest to fisheries. Taxonomy The Japanese bullhead shark was originally described as Cestracion japonicus by ichthyologists Nicholas Miklouho-Maclay and William John Macleay, in an 1884 volume of Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales. The type specimen is a female caught off Tokyo. Other common names used for this species include bull head, cat shark, Japanese horn shark, Cestracion shark, and Port Jackson shark (which usually refers to Heterodontus portusjacksoni). Description A modest-sized shark reaching a maximum known length of , the Japanese bullhead shark has a cylindrical body with the short, wide head and blunt, pig-like snout typical of the bullhead sharks. The eyes lack a nictitating membrane and are followed by tiny spiracles. Shallow supraorbital ridges are present above the eyes, and the space between them is slightly concave. The nostrils are divided into incurrent and excurrent openings by long flaps of skin that reach the mouth; the incurrent opening is encircled by a groove while another groove runs from the excurrent opening to the mouth. The small mouth is positioned nearly at the tip of the snout; the front teeth are small with a sharp central cusp flanked by a pair of lateral cusplets, while the back teeth are broad and rounded. There are deep furrows at the corners of the mouth, extending onto both jaws. Despite the research done, the morphology is not well understood. A recent research shows that the spiracle of elasmobranchs is a gill-slit derived tube located behind the eye. The first dorsal fin is very large and high, and is somewhat falcate (sickle-shaped); it originates over the bases of the pectoral fins. The second dorsal fin is much smaller, but similar in shape, and originates over the rear tips of the pelvic fins. Both dorsal fins bear stout spines on their leading edges. The pectoral fins are large; the pelvic fins are much smaller than the first dorsal fin. The anal fin is placed well in front of the caudal fin, which is broad with a short lower lobe and a long upper lobe bearing a strong ventral notch near the tip. The dermal denticles are large and rough, particularly on the sides of the body. The coloration is light brown, with a series of diffuse-edged, darker wide bands interspersed with narrower stripes from snout to tail, numbering 11–14 in all. A faint lighter band is on top of the head between the eyes, and a darker blotch is beneath each eye. Distribution and habitat The range of the Japanese bullhead shark extends from Japan to the Korean Peninsula, and southward along the coast of China to Taiwan. A single, apparently erroneous, record from off East Africa is reported. This bottom-dwelling shark inhabits the continental shelf at a depth of , preferring areas covered by rocks, rocky reefs, or kelp. Biology and ecology The Japanese bullhead shark is a slow-moving predator that feeds on crustaceans, molluscs, small fishes, and sea urchins, often hunting for them while "walking" along the sea bottom with alternating motions of its pectoral and pelvic fins. When prey is found, it is seized with highly protrusible jaws and ground to pieces with the molar-like rear teeth. Known parasites of this species include the copepod Dissonus pastinum, and the haemogregarine protozoan Haemogregarina heterodontii. Like other members of its family, the Japanese bullhead shark is oviparous. Females produce large egg capsules bearing thin flanges spiraling three times around the outside and a pair of short tendrils at the tip. The eggs are deposited at a depth of within beds of rock or kelp. Several females may spawn communally in a single "nest", which may contain up to 15 eggs total, though the females abandon the site afterward. In Japanese waters, females lay pairs of eggs 6–12 times between March and September, with a peak in spawning activity in March and April. The eggs take about a year to hatch; the newborns measure long. Young sharks have proportionately higher dorsal fins and a similar but brighter color pattern than adults. Males attain sexual maturity at a length of . Human interactions Harmless to humans, the Japanese bullhead shark can be easily hand-caught by divers. It is of only minor fisheries interest as a source of food in Japan and likely elsewhere. It is also exhibited in Japanese public aquariums. The conservation status of this species has not been evaluated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). It has apparently disappeared from offshore waters in the Bohai Sea, possibly as a consequence of climate change. References Heterodontidae Fish described in 1884
Roman Viktorovich Ptitsyn (born 8 September 1975) is a Russian politician. Political career He was a United Russia candidate in the 2021 Russian legislative election. He was elected to the State Duma in the Altai constituency with 31.99 percent of the vote. Sanctions Sanctioned by the UK government in 2022 in relation to Russo-Ukrainian War. References 1975 births Living people People from the Altai Republic United Russia politicians Eighth convocation members of the State Duma (Russian Federation) Russian individuals subject to United Kingdom sanctions
The Cleveland Falcons were a professional ice hockey team in Cleveland, Ohio, that played home games in the Elysium Arena. The team was founded in 1929, as the Cleveland Indians as a member of the International Hockey League, where they played for five seasons, then renamed the Falcons. In 1936, the team transferred to the International-American Hockey League along with three other teams from the International Hockey League. After playing the 1936–37 season in the new league, they were renamed the Cleveland Barons, for the 1937–38 season. Season-by-season results Cleveland Falcons 1934–1936 (International Hockey League) Cleveland Falcons 1936–1937 (International-American Hockey League) External links International Hockey League 1929–1936 CPHL (1927-1929) & IAHL (1929–1936) Defunct American Hockey League teams Falcons Defunct ice hockey teams in Ohio Ice hockey clubs established in 1934 Sports clubs and teams disestablished in 1937 International Hockey League (1929–1936) teams
Robert Charles Tudway (4 July 1808 – 20 October 1855) was a British Conservative politician. Tudway was the son of former Wells Tory MP John Paine Tudway. In 1846, he married Maria Catherine Miles, daughter of Sir William Miles and Catherine née Gordon, and they had at least one child: Charles Clement Tudway. Tudway was first elected Conservative MP for Wells at the 1852 general election and held the seat until his death in 1855. References External links Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies UK MPs 1852–1857 1808 births 1855 deaths
The Guardsman is a 1931 American pre-Code film based on the play Testőr by Ferenc Molnár. It stars Alfred Lunt, Lynn Fontanne, Roland Young and ZaSu Pitts. It opens with a stage re-enactment of the final scene of Maxwell Anderson's Elizabeth the Queen, with Fontanne as Elizabeth and Lunt as the Earl of Essex, but otherwise has nothing to do with that play. The film was adapted by Ernest Vajda (screenplay) and Claudine West (continuity) and was directed by Sidney Franklin. Lunt and Fontanne were husband and wife and a celebrated stage acting team. This film was based upon the roles they had played on Broadway in 1924 and it was their only starring film role together. They were nominated for Best Actor in a Leading Role and Best Actress in a Leading Role, respectively. Nonetheless, the film was not a popular success at the box office, and the two stars returned to working on Broadway. Plot The story revolves around a husband-and-wife acting team. Simply because he is insecure, the husband suspects his wife could be capable of infidelity. The husband disguises himself as a guardsman with a thick accent, woos his wife under his false identity, and ends up seducing her. The couple stays together, and at the end the wife tells the husband that she knew it was him, but played along with the deception. Cast Alfred Lunt as The Actor Lynn Fontanne as The Actress Roland Young as Bernhardt the Critic ZaSu Pitts as Liesl, the Maid Maude Eburne as Mama Herman Bing as A Creditor Remakes In 1941, the plot and much of the script was used for the film version of Oscar Straus's operetta The Chocolate Soldier, starring Risë Stevens and Nelson Eddy. The stage production had used the plot of George Bernard Shaw's Arms and the Man, but Shaw had been deeply offended and angered at the result. For the film, MGM decided instead to use the plot of Molnar's The Guardsman, but it kept the stage score of The Chocolate Soldier. The film was a great success. On March 2, 1955, a 60-minute version of the play was aired on the series The Best of Broadway. In 1984, a new non-musical version, titled Lily in Love, starring Christopher Plummer and Maggie Smith, was made, but the play was so altered that the names of the characters were changed and Molnar was not even given screen credit. The film was a total flop. References Bibliography Balio Tino. Grand Design: Hollywood as a Modern Business Entertprise 1930-1939. University of California Press, 1995. External links 1945 Theatre Guild on the Air radio adaptation of original play at Internet Archive 1931 films 1931 comedy films American comedy films American black-and-white films Films based on works by Ferenc Molnár Films directed by Sidney Franklin Films set in Vienna Hungarian literature Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films 1930s English-language films 1930s American films
I18 may refer to: , a 1939 River-class destroyer that served in the Royal Canadian Navy , a 1931 C-class destroyer of the Royal Navy , a 1939 Type C submarine of the Imperial Japanese Navy Västmanland Regiment (1816–1927), a Swedish Army infantry regiment Gotland Infantry Regiment (1928–1963), a Swedish Army infantry regiment Ship disambiguation pages
```forth > \brief <b> DPTSVX computes the solution to system of linear equations A X = B for PT matrices</b> * * =========== DOCUMENTATION =========== * * Online html documentation available at * path_to_url * > \htmlonly > Download DPTSVX + dependencies > <a href="path_to_url"> > [TGZ]</a> > <a href="path_to_url"> > [ZIP]</a> > <a href="path_to_url"> > [TXT]</a> > \endhtmlonly * Definition: * =========== * * SUBROUTINE DPTSVX( FACT, N, NRHS, D, E, DF, EF, B, LDB, X, LDX, * RCOND, FERR, BERR, WORK, INFO ) * * .. Scalar Arguments .. * CHARACTER FACT * INTEGER INFO, LDB, LDX, N, NRHS * DOUBLE PRECISION RCOND * .. * .. Array Arguments .. * DOUBLE PRECISION B( LDB, * ), BERR( * ), D( * ), DF( * ), * $ E( * ), EF( * ), FERR( * ), WORK( * ), * $ X( LDX, * ) * .. * * > \par Purpose: ============= > > \verbatim > > DPTSVX uses the factorization A = LDL*T to compute the solution > to a real system of linear equations AX = B, where A is an N-by-N > symmetric positive definite tridiagonal matrix and X and B are > N-by-NRHS matrices. > > Error bounds on the solution and a condition estimate are also > provided. > \endverbatim > \par Description: ================= > > \verbatim > > The following steps are performed: > > 1. If FACT = 'N', the matrix A is factored as A = LDL*T, where L > is a unit lower bidiagonal matrix and D is diagonal. The > factorization can also be regarded as having the form > A = U*TDU. > > 2. If the leading principal minor of order i is not positive, > then the routine returns with INFO = i. Otherwise, the factored > form of A is used to estimate the condition number of the matrix > A. If the reciprocal of the condition number is less than machine > precision, INFO = N+1 is returned as a warning, but the routine > still goes on to solve for X and compute error bounds as > described below. > > 3. The system of equations is solved for X using the factored form > of A. > > 4. Iterative refinement is applied to improve the computed solution > matrix and calculate error bounds and backward error estimates > for it. > \endverbatim * Arguments: * ========== * > \param[in] FACT > \verbatim > FACT is CHARACTER1 > Specifies whether or not the factored form of A has been > supplied on entry. > = 'F': On entry, DF and EF contain the factored form of A. > D, E, DF, and EF will not be modified. > = 'N': The matrix A will be copied to DF and EF and > factored. > \endverbatim > > \param[in] N > \verbatim > N is INTEGER > The order of the matrix A. N >= 0. > \endverbatim > > \param[in] NRHS > \verbatim > NRHS is INTEGER > The number of right hand sides, i.e., the number of columns > of the matrices B and X. NRHS >= 0. > \endverbatim > > \param[in] D > \verbatim > D is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (N) > The n diagonal elements of the tridiagonal matrix A. > \endverbatim > > \param[in] E > \verbatim > E is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (N-1) > The (n-1) subdiagonal elements of the tridiagonal matrix A. > \endverbatim > > \param[in,out] DF > \verbatim > DF is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (N) > If FACT = 'F', then DF is an input argument and on entry > contains the n diagonal elements of the diagonal matrix D > from the LDLT factorization of A. > If FACT = 'N', then DF is an output argument and on exit > contains the n diagonal elements of the diagonal matrix D > from the LDL*T factorization of A. > \endverbatim > > \param[in,out] EF > \verbatim > EF is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (N-1) > If FACT = 'F', then EF is an input argument and on entry > contains the (n-1) subdiagonal elements of the unit > bidiagonal factor L from the LDLT factorization of A. > If FACT = 'N', then EF is an output argument and on exit > contains the (n-1) subdiagonal elements of the unit > bidiagonal factor L from the LDL*T factorization of A. > \endverbatim > > \param[in] B > \verbatim > B is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDB,NRHS) > The N-by-NRHS right hand side matrix B. > \endverbatim > > \param[in] LDB > \verbatim > LDB is INTEGER > The leading dimension of the array B. LDB >= max(1,N). > \endverbatim > > \param[out] X > \verbatim > X is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (LDX,NRHS) > If INFO = 0 of INFO = N+1, the N-by-NRHS solution matrix X. > \endverbatim > > \param[in] LDX > \verbatim > LDX is INTEGER > The leading dimension of the array X. LDX >= max(1,N). > \endverbatim > > \param[out] RCOND > \verbatim > RCOND is DOUBLE PRECISION > The reciprocal condition number of the matrix A. If RCOND > is less than the machine precision (in particular, if > RCOND = 0), the matrix is singular to working precision. > This condition is indicated by a return code of INFO > 0. > \endverbatim > > \param[out] FERR > \verbatim > FERR is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (NRHS) > The forward error bound for each solution vector > X(j) (the j-th column of the solution matrix X). > If XTRUE is the true solution corresponding to X(j), FERR(j) > is an estimated upper bound for the magnitude of the largest > element in (X(j) - XTRUE) divided by the magnitude of the > largest element in X(j). > \endverbatim > > \param[out] BERR > \verbatim > BERR is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (NRHS) > The componentwise relative backward error of each solution > vector X(j) (i.e., the smallest relative change in any > element of A or B that makes X(j) an exact solution). > \endverbatim > > \param[out] WORK > \verbatim > WORK is DOUBLE PRECISION array, dimension (2N) > \endverbatim > > \param[out] INFO > \verbatim > INFO is INTEGER > = 0: successful exit > < 0: if INFO = -i, the i-th argument had an illegal value > > 0: if INFO = i, and i is > <= N: the leading principal minor of order i of A > is not positive, so the factorization could not > be completed, and the solution has not been > computed. RCOND = 0 is returned. > = N+1: U is nonsingular, but RCOND is less than machine > precision, meaning that the matrix is singular > to working precision. Nevertheless, the > solution and error bounds are computed because > there are a number of situations where the > computed solution can be more accurate than the > value of RCOND would suggest. > \endverbatim * Authors: * ======== * > \author Univ. of Tennessee > \author Univ. of California Berkeley > \author Univ. of Colorado Denver > \author NAG Ltd. * > \ingroup ptsvx * ===================================================================== SUBROUTINE DPTSVX( FACT, N, NRHS, D, E, DF, EF, B, LDB, X, LDX, $ RCOND, FERR, BERR, WORK, INFO ) * * -- LAPACK driver routine -- * -- LAPACK is a software package provided by Univ. of Tennessee, -- * -- Univ. of California Berkeley, Univ. of Colorado Denver and NAG Ltd..-- * * .. Scalar Arguments .. CHARACTER FACT INTEGER INFO, LDB, LDX, N, NRHS DOUBLE PRECISION RCOND * .. * .. Array Arguments .. DOUBLE PRECISION B( LDB, * ), BERR( * ), D( * ), DF( * ), $ E( * ), EF( * ), FERR( * ), WORK( * ), $ X( LDX, * ) * .. * * ===================================================================== * * .. Parameters .. DOUBLE PRECISION ZERO PARAMETER ( ZERO = 0.0D+0 ) * .. * .. Local Scalars .. LOGICAL NOFACT DOUBLE PRECISION ANORM * .. * .. External Functions .. LOGICAL LSAME DOUBLE PRECISION DLAMCH, DLANST EXTERNAL LSAME, DLAMCH, DLANST * .. * .. External Subroutines .. EXTERNAL DCOPY, DLACPY, DPTCON, DPTRFS, DPTTRF, $ DPTTRS, $ XERBLA * .. * .. Intrinsic Functions .. INTRINSIC MAX * .. * .. Executable Statements .. * * Test the input parameters. * INFO = 0 NOFACT = LSAME( FACT, 'N' ) IF( .NOT.NOFACT .AND. .NOT.LSAME( FACT, 'F' ) ) THEN INFO = -1 ELSE IF( N.LT.0 ) THEN INFO = -2 ELSE IF( NRHS.LT.0 ) THEN INFO = -3 ELSE IF( LDB.LT.MAX( 1, N ) ) THEN INFO = -9 ELSE IF( LDX.LT.MAX( 1, N ) ) THEN INFO = -11 END IF IF( INFO.NE.0 ) THEN CALL XERBLA( 'DPTSVX', -INFO ) RETURN END IF * IF( NOFACT ) THEN * * Compute the LDLT (or UTDU) factorization of A. * CALL DCOPY( N, D, 1, DF, 1 ) IF( N.GT.1 ) $ CALL DCOPY( N-1, E, 1, EF, 1 ) CALL DPTTRF( N, DF, EF, INFO ) * * Return if INFO is non-zero. * IF( INFO.GT.0 )THEN RCOND = ZERO RETURN END IF END IF * * Compute the norm of the matrix A. * ANORM = DLANST( '1', N, D, E ) * * Compute the reciprocal of the condition number of A. * CALL DPTCON( N, DF, EF, ANORM, RCOND, WORK, INFO ) * * Compute the solution vectors X. * CALL DLACPY( 'Full', N, NRHS, B, LDB, X, LDX ) CALL DPTTRS( N, NRHS, DF, EF, X, LDX, INFO ) * * Use iterative refinement to improve the computed solutions and * compute error bounds and backward error estimates for them. * CALL DPTRFS( N, NRHS, D, E, DF, EF, B, LDB, X, LDX, FERR, BERR, $ WORK, INFO ) * * Set INFO = N+1 if the matrix is singular to working precision. * IF( RCOND.LT.DLAMCH( 'Epsilon' ) ) $ INFO = N + 1 * RETURN * * End of DPTSVX * END ```
Dušan Savnik (1919–1975) was a Slovene lawyer, journalist and translator. Savnik wrote a number of non-fiction books on geographical, historical and political aspects of various parts of the world including Latin America in Svet nasprotij (A World of Opposites), 1958, Africa in Afrika včeraj in danes (Africa Yesterday and Today), 1960, and Oceania in Oceanija v sodobnem svetu (Oceania in the Modern World), 1964. He also translated into Slovene books such as Michihiko Hachiya's Hiroshima Diary (Slovene title: Hirošima: zdravnikov dnevnik), 1958, Anton Zischka's Asiens wilder Westen (Slovene title: Azijski divji zapad: Spremembe v Zahodni Kitajski, Tibetu, Mongoliji in Sibiriji), 1960 and Richard Wright's Black Power (Slovene title: Črna sila), 1960. He won the Levstik Award in 1958 for Svet nasprotij (A World of Opposites), a look at twenty countries of Latin America. References 1919 births 1975 deaths Slovenian journalists Slovenian translators Levstik Award laureates Yugoslav translators Yugoslav journalists
The Hyundai Sirius engine was the company's first larger inline-four engine, with displacements from 1.8 L (1795 cc) to 2.4 L (2351 cc). It is a license-built Mitsubishi construction. This engine is no longer used by Hyundai. 1.5L (G4DJ) The Hyundai G4DJ engine was manufactured from 1989 to 1995 under license from Mitsubishi and was essentially a copy of the 8-valve version of the popular 4G15 powerplant, the engine's advertised power is at 5,500 rpm with of torque at 3,000 rpm. Applications Hyundai Elantra (J1) (1990–1995) Hyundai Scoupe (1990–1992) Hyundai Excel/Pony (X2) (1989–1993) 1.5L (G4CL) The Hyundai G4CL engine features DOHC, the engine's advertised power is at 6,000 rpm with of torque at 4,500 rpm. Applications Hyundai Elantra (J1) (1993–1995) 1.6L (G4CR) The Hyundai G4CR is an in-line four, dual overhead camshaft (DOHC) engine manufactured from 1990 to 1995 under license, as it was in fact a copy of the Mitsubishi 4G61 engine, and it was put on the first generation of the Elantra model. Unlike other power units of this series, this one never had a balancing shaft, the engine's advertised power is at 6,000 rpm with of torque at 5,000 rpm. Details Total displacement: 1595 cc (97.30 cu in) Bore: 82.30 mm (3.240 in) Stroke: 75.00 mm (2.953 in) Compression Ratio: 9.2:1 Idle RPM: 750 ± 100 Ignition timing at idling speed: 5° ± 2°/750 rpm Applications Hyundai Elantra (J1) (1990–1993) 1.8L (G4CM/G4CN/G4JN) G4CM is a SOHC engine, the engine's advertised power is at 5,000–5,500 rpm with of torque at 4,000–4,500 rpm. This engine shares its 88 mm stroke with the Mitsubishi 4G67 from which it is derived, but thanks to a 80.6 mm bore the displacement is kept beneath the 1800 cc threshold, allowing for lower road taxes in some markets. Applications (G4CM) Hyundai Elantra (1990–1993) Hyundai Sonata (1988–1998) G4CN is the DOHC engine based on the Mitsubishi 4G67. Bore and stroke is 81.5 mm × 88 mm (3.21 in × 3.46 in), the engine's advertised power is at 6,000 rpm with of torque at 4,500 rpm. Applications (G4CN) Hyundai Elantra (1993–1999) Hyundai Sonata (1993–1998) G4JN (Sirius II) is a Korean version DOHC engine with an 81.5 mm bore and 88 mm stroke. Output was up to at 6,000 rpm with of torque at 4,500 rpm. Applications (G4JN) Hyundai Sonata (EF) (1998–2001) Kia Optima (MS) (2000–2005) 2.0L (G4CP/G4JP/L4CP/L4JP) G4CP is Hyundai's name for the Mitsubishi 4G63 engine. Bore x stroke is 85 mm × 88 mm (3.35 in × 3.46 in), the engine's advertised power is at 5,000 rpm with of torque at 4,000 rpm. Applications (G4CP) Hyundai Grandeur (L) (1986–1992) Hyundai Sonata (1988–1998) G4JP 2.0 (Sirius II) is the Korean version. Bore x stroke is 85 mm × 88 mm (3.35 in × 3.46 in). It has a cast iron engine block and aluminum DOHC cylinder heads. It uses MFI fuel injection, has 4 valves per cylinder and features forged steel connecting rods. The engine's advertised power is at 6,000 rpm with of torque at 4,000–4,500 rpm. Applications (G4JP) Hyundai Grandeur (LX) (1992–1998) Hyundai Santa Fe (SM) (2000–2005) Hyundai Sonata (1993–2004) Hyundai Trajet (1999–2007) Kia Optima (MS) (2000–2005) Kia Joice (1999–2002) 4GA1-1 JAC's 4GA1-1 was learnt from Hyundai, it uses DOHC 16-valves and SFI technology Applications (4GA1-1) JAC S1(Ruiying) The Hyundai Sirius LPG engine, the engine's advertised power is at 4,500 rpm with of torque at 2,500 rpm. Applications (L4CP) Hyundai Santamo (1997–2002) The Hyundai Sirius II LPG engine, the engine's advertised power is at 4,500 rpm with of torque at 2,500 rpm. Applications (L4JP) Kia Joice (1999–2002) 2.4L (G4CS/G4JS/L4CS) There are two variants of the Sirius engine called G4CS and G4JS, bore is 86.5 mm while stroke is 100 mm. The G4CS is of an SOHC design, its advertised power is at 4,500–5,000 rpm with of torque at 2,500–4,000 rpm. Applications (G4CS) Hyundai Grandeur (1986–1998) Hyundai Sonata (1988–1991) Hyundai Starex (1997–2004) The G4JS has a compression ratio of 10.0:1. Output is 141 PS (104 kW) at 5,500 rpm with of torque at 3,000 rpm. It has a cast iron engine block and aluminum DOHC cylinder heads. It uses MPI fuel injection and features forged steel connecting rods. Applications (G4JS) Hyundai Santa Fe Hyundai Sonata Hyundai Starex Kia Optima (2000–2005) Kia Sorento The L4CS variant makes at 4,000 rpm with of torque at 2,000 rpm. Applications (L4CS) Hyundai Starex (1997–2004) See also List of Hyundai engines References Sirius Straight-four engines
Dina Tehsil () is an administrative subdivision (tehsil) of Jhelum District in the Punjab province of Pakistan. The city of Dina is the headquarter of the tehsil. It is named after a saint Baba Dina Shaheed whose tomb lies near G.T road in the Domeli Mohalla. Union Councils Dina Tehsil is subdivided into 11 Union Councils: Ladhar Mughlabad Danyala Madukalas Dina 1 Dina 2 Garh Mahal Sohan Badlot Janjeel Khukha References Dina Tehsil Tehsils of Jhelum District Jhelum District Tehsils of Punjab, Pakistan
Temecula FC is an American soccer club based in Temecula, California. Founded in 2013, the team has played in the National Premier Soccer League, the fourth tier of the American soccer pyramid, since 2014. The team colors are red and white. History Temecula FC was founded by Brandon Jantz and Vince Paccione on September 9, 2013. The team was accepted into the NPSL on September 26, 2013. They will play in the Southern Conference. Honors Riverside County Cup Champions: 2017, 2018, 2021 Riverside Derby Champions: 2019 References External links National Premier Soccer League teams Soccer clubs in Greater Los Angeles 2013 establishments in California Association football clubs established in 2013 Temecula, California
Tomoxena flavomaculata is a species of comb-footed spider in the family Theridiidae. It is found in Sumatra. References Theridiidae Spiders described in 1895 Spiders of Indonesia
Noble station is a station along the SEPTA West Trenton Line to Ewing, New Jersey. It is located at Old York Road & Rodman Avenue in the community of Noble in Abington Township, Pennsylvania. The station has off-street parking. In FY 2013, Noble station had a weekday average of 222 boardings and 252 alightings. History Noble station was originally built in 1901 by the Reading Railroad, as a replacement for a former North Pennsylvania Railroad built in 1889 and dedicated by President Benjamin Harrison. It is the last stop inbound before Jenkintown-Wyncote station in Jenkintown, Pennsylvania, where it merges with the Warminster and Lansdale/Doylestown lines. Station layout Noble has two low-level side platforms. Gallery References External links SEPTA - Noble Station Station from Google Maps Street View SEPTA Regional Rail stations Former Reading Company stations Railway stations in the United States opened in 1889 Railway stations in Montgomery County, Pennsylvania 1889 establishments in Pennsylvania
Anatole is the title character in a series of children's picture books written by Eve Titus and illustrated by Paul Galdone. "Anatole" is also the name of the series. The ten books were originally published from 1956 to 1979. Two books in the series, Anatole in 1957, and Anatole and the Cat in 1958, were named Caldecott Honor books. Plot Anatole the mouse lives in a mouse village outside the city of Paris. One day, while commuting by bicycle to forage for food, he overhears some humans complaining about mice as villains. Deeply aggrieved at the insult to his honor, Anatole resolves to do better. He goes to work in a French cheese factory as a taster and evaluator of the cheese. Working alone and anonymously late at night, he leaves notes to guide the cheesemakers in their work. His taste for good cheese leads to the factory's commercial success and to his murine fame to such an extent that Anatole is regularly hailed as a "mouse magnifique" by rodent contemporaries. The factory's human owners and workers also hold his work in high esteem, although they have no idea that the mysterious Anatole is a mouse, believing him simply an eccentric cheese connoisseur who prefers to work alone. In these works the author, through the character of Anatole, consistently places emphasis on the dignity of work. Anatole lives in a conventional nuclear family, married to the beautiful and supportive Doucette and with six lovely children. Television series The stories have also been used for an animated television series from Canada's Nelvana studios and France's Alphanim. The 26-episode series originally aired on America's CBS network in 1998, and was rerun on the Disney Channel from 2001 until 2004. Previously, in 1966, there was an animated segment based on the books for the cult film Alice of Wonderland in Paris. Stage show In 2014, "Anatole" and "Anatole and the Cat" were combined and adapted into a successful musical with book and lyrics co-authored by John Maclay and Lee Becker, and with music by James Valcq. First Stage Children's Theater premiered the show in February 2014, and it was met with great commercial and critical success. Anatole series Anatole (1956) Anatole and the Cat (1957) Anatole and the Robot (1960) Anatole over Paris (1961) Anatole and the Poodle (1965) Anatole and the Piano (1966) Anatole and the Thirty Thieves (1969) Anatole and the Toyshop (1970) Anatole in Italy (1973) Anatole and the Pied Piper (1979) See also List of fictional rodents References External links Anatole series at WorldCat (search results for 'Anatole paul galdone') 1956 children's books American children's books American picture books Series of children's books Children's books adapted into television shows English-language books Children's books about mice and rats Fictional people from Paris Male characters in literature Characters in children's literature Literary characters introduced in 1956 Book series introduced in 1956 Caldecott Honor-winning works Children's books set in Paris
Abu Abd-Allah Muhammad al-Muntasir () was the Hafsid caliph of Ifriqiya from 1434–1435. Life Abu Abd-Allah Muhammad al-Muntasir was the son of Abu Abdallah Muhammad al-Mansour and a Christian concubine from Valencia known as Rīm. His father was the son and heir apparent of Abu Faris Abd al-Aziz II but he died before his father in 1430. Thereupon Abu Faris took the unusual step of declaring his grandson heir, when convention dictated that he choose another of his sons. Fighting quickly broke out between his uncles over the succession. Abu Abd-Allah captured his uncle al-Mu’tamid and had him blinded. He also had his own brother Abu-l Fadl arrested. While he was on a military expedition in the South two more Hafsid princes rebelled, Abu-Yahya Zakariya and his brother. They fled to Constantine but were lured back to Tunis with an offer of clemency before they too were apparently executed. Abu Abd-Allah himself died of illness while on campaign against rebel Bedouin in September 1435. During his brief reign he was responsible for the building of a public water fountain at Bab Saadoun and a madrasa named after him, also in Tunis. After his death disorder continued until all rebels were eventually subdued by his brother and successor Abu 'Amr 'Uthman. References 1435 deaths Year of birth unknown 15th-century Hafsid caliphs
Phanerochaete allantospora is a plant pathogen infecting Platanus species. References Fungal tree pathogens and diseases allantospora Fungi described in 1974
Transformers '84: Secrets & Lies is an American comic book limited series written by Simon Furman, drawn by Guido Guidi and published by IDW Publishing. Based on the Transformers franchise by Hasbro, the series is meant to be a prequel to both the continuity established on the original comic book by Marvel Comics, and the other continuity established on the alternate comic book by Marvel UK. Plot As the Cybertronian Civil War rages between Optimus Prime's Autobots and Megatron's Decepticons, Shockwave has encountered a new obstacle to the Decepticons' victory and subjugation of the planet: Megatron himself! As Optimus and his recruits take off to stop an even deadlier threat–an asteroid belt powerful enough to destroy the metal world–Megatron leads a team of Decepticons after in hot pursuit! But what other motivations does Prime have for this mission? How does it benefit Shockwave's goals? And what does it all have to do with a secret on Earth in the eleventh century? The story is narrated from the viewpoint of Punch a.k.a. Counterpunch, an Autobot infiltrated as a Decepticon. Publication history In 2019, IDW Publishing originally released the miniseries Transformers '84: Secrets & Lies miniseries written by veteran Transformers writer and co-creator Simon Furman, drawn by Guido Guidi and colored by John-Paul Bove. The series a prequel to the original comic book series published by Marvel Comics, intended to be fuse its continuity with the alternate Marvel UK series. Issues Reception The initial issues received mostly positive reviews, with Ricky Church of Flickering Myth praising the writing and art, while Alexander Jones of Multiversity Comics says issue #0 is "a joyous exploration into the history of the Transformers." At ComicBook.com, Jamie Lovett wrote that as the series went on, it lost some of the charm it started with, feeling that it was a "love letter to the original Transformers comics" and "not meant to bring in new readers." Lovett gave high praise to the detailed artwork, which was true to the original comics. Collected editions References 84 Secrets and Lies Comics based on Hasbro toys IDW Publishing titles
Aimargues () is a commune in the Gard department in southern France. The town of Aimargues may have Roman origins and is situated beside the river Vidourle on the floodplain of the Rhône. Traditionally it has been an agricultural and wine-producing community but it now also has a number of new industries and employers who benefit from excellent road connections to the north of France as well as to Spain and Italy. Geography Located some to the southwest of Nîmes, close to the border with the Hérault department, Aimargues can be easily accessed from the nearby Autoroute A9. Aimargues station has rail connections to Nîmes and Le Grau-du-Roi. The Petite Camargue is an area of wetlands on the west side of the delta of the Rhône River in southern France. Aimargues is a small town in the Petite Camargue beside the River Vidourle which rises in the Cévennes Mountains to the northwest. Some 6,000 years BC much of the interior of the Petite Carmargue was occupied by a lagoon, l’étang de l’or, which was separated from the sea by a sandy bar. Since then the lake has become progressively silted up. The countryside around Aimargues is flat and the soil is rich, being accumulated sediment brought down the River Rhône and deposited in its delta and surrounding area during flooding. As well as agricultural land there are levees, creeks, marshes, brackish ponds, lagoons and dunes in the area. History The suffix "argues" suggests that the town of Aimargues has been in existence since antiquity. It was probably named after the Roman military commander Flavius Armatus. It is unclear when exactly Aimargues castle was built but it was in existence before 1185. King Louis IX is said to have set out for the Crusades from the town. In the 13th century, a census showed that the town had become a bustling community with 522 homes, indicating a population of over 2,000 people. In 1565, the area came under the rule of the house of Crussol and Viscount d'Uzès made it one of the main strongholds of the Lower Vistrenque. Louis XIII ordered the destruction of the city walls. In the early 18th century, Jean Charles de Crussol included Baron d'Aymargues among his titles. The town has developed from an initial central core. This is self-contained and not traversed by routes extending from one side of the town to the other. It was originally surrounded by the city wall, has the château in its northwest corner and the church, reconstructed in the nineteenth century, in its centre. This ancient part is surrounded by another zone that also has tightly packed houses and narrow streets. The outer suburbs are modern. Landmarks The Commune of Aimargues has several buildings of historic interest: The Château de Teillan located 2 km to the south of the village is an old Roman castrum originally called "Villa Telliamis". It subsequently belonged to Psalmody Abbey before it was acquired by the Bornier family. Today's building dates from the second half of the 16th century with some 17th-century additions. It became a listed historic monument in 1992. The Mas de Malherbes, property of the Ménard-Dorian family, linked to the Victor Hugo one. The former 17th-century parish church was converted into an indoor market at the end of the 19th century. Now known as the Salle Georges Brassens, it is used as an exhibition centre. The village also has schools, nurseries, a library, a youth centre and an adult leisure centre. There is a bullfighting arena where the "course camarguaise" takes place. In the traditional fights held here, the bull is not killed but an unarmed raseteur attempts to snatch a rosette from between its horns. Population Economy While agriculture and wine production are still important contributors to the local economy, more recent players such as Royal Canin, the dog and cat food producer, Itesoft, a software company, and the underwear company Éminence are also important employers, benefitting from easy access to the motorway with connections to Italy and Spain as well as to the north of France. Mayors Under French Revolution : Jean-Baptiste Lancry de La Loyelle, first mayor elected (moderate, January–October 1790) ; Charles Carbonnier (moderate, November 1790-November 1791) ; Marc-Antoine Boissier (moderate, November 1791-December 1792) ; Pierre Boissière senior (moderate, December 1792-October 1793) ; Pierre Fontanès (jacobin, October 1793-May 1795) ; Guillaume Carbonnier junior (moderate, May 1795-1800) ; Under Consulate and French Empire : Antoine Prouzet junior (moderate, May 1800-September 1805) ; Jean-Baptiste Roussellier (moderate, September 1805; Pierre Paulet (1805-1808) ; Antoine Prouzet junior (moderate, 1808-January 1813) ; Étienne de Bonafoux (ultraroyalist, January 1813-April 1815) ; Guillaume Carbonnier-Bousquet (moderate, April–July 1815) ; Under the Bourbon Restoration : Étienne de Bonafoux (ultraroyalist, July 1815-February 1819) ; Jean-Baptiste Roussellier (liberal, March 1819-January 1824) ; Louis-Auguste de Galhaut (royalist, January 1924-October 1830) ; Under the July Monarchy : Étienne de Besson (moderate royalist, October 1830-January 1831) ; Jean-Pierre Prouzet (orleanist, January 1831-December 1832) ; Guillaume Carbonnier-Bousquet (liberal, January 1833-March 1837) ; Pierre Gautier (royalist, July–October 1837) ; Léonce Allut (orleanist, June 1838-February 1848) ; Maurice de Cray (royalist, March 1848-?) ; From 1848 to 1905 (Second and Third Republic) :to complete From 1905 to 1944 : Léon Fontanieu (socialist, March 1905-October 1907) ; Louis Barbusse (socialist, December 1907-May 1908) ; Jean Joujou (anarcho-syndicalist, May 1908-October 1910) ; Barbier, leader of the municipal commission (independent politician, November 1910-January 1911) ; Louis Pioch (socialist, 1911-?) ; Augustin Pourreau (royalist, until 1919) ; Pierre Jalabert (1919) ; Augustin Pourreau (Action Française, v. 1920-1944) ; Since Liberation : Leaders of the Comité de Libération : Jean Jourdan (Anarchist, 1944) ; René Bernard (1944) ; Louis Guiraud (independent politician, 1944) ; Roger de Lestrade, temporary mayor (1945) ; Joseph Chatellier (PCF, 1945–1963) ; Albert Fontanieu (SFIO, 1963–1977) ; René Dupont (PCF, 1977–1989) ; Jean Bruchet (Parti Socialiste, 1989–2008) ; Jean-Paul Franc (independent politician, since March 2008). Sport The commune's football team is the Stade Olympique of Aimargues (SOA). In the beginning of may a famous international tournament take place every year. The local rugby team is Aimargues Rugby Club also named the Raouba-vesso. There are in Aimargues two stadiums : Baptistin Guigue's Stadium and René Dupont's Stadium (former Bella Vista's Stadium); to equestrian centres; and the arena Léopold Dupont. Media Aimargues has its own newspaper: Aimargues le journal, created in 2008. Aimargues is also covered by the daily newspaper Midi Libre, by the local television TV SUD Camargue Cévennes et by France 3 Sud's programs. Religion There are Catholic and Protestant churches in Aimargues. The catholic parishes are parts of the deanery of Vauvert and the Diocese of Nîmes. The mass is assumed by deanery's desservants priests. The Reformed Church of France maintains the Ensemble paroissial de Aimargues. Education The public maternelle (preschool/nursery) is École Ventadour. The public primary school is École élémentaire publique Guillierme F. The collège (junior high school) serving the community is Collège de Gallargues-le-Montueux, located in Gallargues-le-Montueux. In addition to Aimargues and Gallargues-le-Montueux, it also serves Aigues-Vives. It opened in September 2014. it has about 600 students. There is also a private Catholic elementary school in Aimargues, École élémentaire privée Notre Dame des Gardians. Notable residents Georges de Coursule, baron de Saint-Rémy. Pierre Melchior d'Azémar (or d'Adhémar), prefect of Var. Louis-Étienne Ricard, politician. Jean-César Vincens-Plauchut, politician. François Joseph Pamphile de Lacroix (1774-1841), general. François-Isidore de Ricard, Louis-Étienne' son, politician. Paulin d'Anglas de Praviel. Charles de Surville, politician. Paul Ménard-Dorian, politician. Pauline Ménard-Dorian, writer, Marcel Proust's muse. Fanfonne Guillierme, manadière. Jean Jourdan, a.k.a. Chocho, anarchist militant. Gaston Bêchard, socialist militant, syndicalist. Michel Stahl, compagnon de la Libération, pastor of the Reformed Church. Léopold Dupont, raseteur. Pierre Torreilles, writer, poet, editor. Jean-François Galéa, painter. Michel Mathes'', a.k.a. Michel Falguières, writer. Thierry Félix, raseteur. Laurent Pit, humorist. See also Communes of the Gard department References Further reading External links Aimargues Aimargues
Oliver Carton Winterbottom (24 February 1944 – 6 November 2020) was a British automotive designer who designed cars for Lotus, Jaguar and TVR. Early years Winterbottom was born in Ashford, Kent. His father was born in Oldham, Lancashire and attended school in Shanghai before coming to England and public school. His father took up medicine and qualified at St Mary's Hospital, Paddington where he met Oliver's mother who came from Lincolnshire. In 1952 Winterbottom was sent to boarding school in Staffordshire and at the age of 11 he was committed to becoming a car designer after having made some preliminary attempts to draw a racing car in 1952. He attended Denstone College like his father and had science on his curriculum, but also was a cross country runner and skilled marksman in the winter season. Towards the end of this college period his father accompanied him to Jaguar Cars in Coventry to discuss an apprenticeship. He was accepted as an apprentice automobile engineer and in mid-September 1961 he started at Jaguar in Coventry in their apprentice school. Career At Jaguar, Winterbottom was part of the team that designed the XJ21 prototype that never reached production. At Lotus, Winterbottom worked directly with Colin Chapman who appointed him to lead the design and safety engineering projects at Lotus Cars. Winterbottom designed the second generation Lotus Elite wedge design and the Lotus Eclat. Winterbottom then worked with TVR where he designed the TVR Tasmin launched in 1980. Winterbottom returned to Lotus and designed the prototype Lotus M90, (X100), but due to company problems, the car never reached production. He was also head of development for the V8 engine used in the Esprit, project 918. Winterbottom later became an automotive consultant and served as membership director for the Coalition of Small Volume Automobile Manufacturers. As of December 2008 Winterbottom was working as a consultant for SAIC Motors in Shanghai. Personal life Lived and worked in Wymondham in Norfolk He died on 6 November 2020. References Further reading External links 1944 births 2020 deaths People educated at Denstone College People from Ashford, Kent British automobile designers
Sondergotik (Special Gothic) is the style of Late Gothic architecture prevalent in Austria, Bavaria, Swabia, Saxony, Alsace, Rhineland, Switzerland, Bohemia and Silesia between 1350 and 1550. The term was invented by art historian Kurt Gerstenberg in his 1913 work Deutsche Sondergotik, in which he argued that the Late Gothic had a special expression in Germany (especially the South and the Rhineland) marked by the use of the hall church or Hallenkirche. At the same time the style forms part of the International Gothic style in its origins. The style was contemporaneous with several unique local styles of Gothic: the Flamboyant in France and Belgium, the Isabelline in Spain, the Manueline in Portugal and the Perpendicular in England. Like these, the Sondergotik showed an attention to detail both within and without. In many Sondergotik buildings, fluidity and a wood-like quality were stressed in carving and decoration, particularly on vaults. The rib patterns of Sondergotik vaults are elaborate and often curved (in plan), sometimes using broken and flying ribs (features extremely rare in other regions). Outside, the buildings tended towards mass buttressing. Among the most famous Sondergotik constructions is Saint Barbara Church in Kutná Hora (modern Czech Republic), built by the Parlers, a family of masons. Sources The Grove Dictionary of Art: Sondergotik. Cole, Emily, ed. (2002). The Grammar of Architecture. Bullfinch Press. Gothic architecture in Austria Gothic architecture in Germany Gothic architecture
South Carolina Highway 11 (SC 11), also known as the Cherokee Foothills Scenic Highway, is a state highway through the far northern part of the U.S. state of South Carolina, following the southernmost peaks of the Blue Ridge Mountains. The route is surrounded by peach orchards, quaint villages, and parks. It is an alternative to Interstate 85 (I-85) and has been featured by such publications as National Geographic, Rand McNally, and Southern Living. Route description SC 11 is located entirely within the U.S. state of South Carolina, beginning in southern Oconee County as Exit 1 of Interstate 85 , 0.6 mi (1 km) from the South Carolina and Georgia border. After Oconee County, Highway 11 enters northern Pickens County, where bridges carry it over Lake Keowee and it passes near Table Rock State Park before it leaves the county. Next comes Greenville County, where Highway 11 runs together with U.S. Highway 276 for several miles near Cleveland before splitting off on a more westerly route and crossing U.S. Highway 25 near Tigerville. Highway 11 then enters northern Spartanburg County, where it has an interchange with Interstate 26 near Campobello and Landrum. Finally, Highway 11 passes into Cherokee County, crossing Interstate 85 near Gaffney and ending shortly thereafter. History The current highway was once part of the "Cherokee Path" or "Keowee Path," this road was the route used by the Cherokee Indians and the English and French fur traders and stretched from Tennessee to Charleston, South Carolina. This National Scenic Byway winds its way through Upstate South Carolina and passes through some towns, such as Walhalla, Marietta, Campobello, Chesnee, and Gaffney. Echoes of the area's Cherokee heritage can still be heard in places and river names like Seneca, Savannah, Keowee, Jocassee, Enoree, Toxaway, Tugaloo, Tokena, and Eastatoee. In the city of Gaffney, east of I-85, SC 11 is known as "Floyd Baker Boulevard," which is a well-known street name in Upstate South Carolina. This section of SC 11 is a vast contrast to the rest of the route. At this point the highway becomes heavily congested and developed. Gaffney is also the biggest town along the route. South Carolina Highway 112 South Carolina Highway 112 (SC 112) was a state highway that was established in July 1936 on a path from SC 9 in New Prospect to U.S. Route 221 (US 221) and SC 110 in Chesnee. In 1939, it was decommissioned, with most of its path redesignated as part of SC 11. Major intersections Special routes Salem business loop South Carolina Highway 11 Business (SC 11 Bus.) was a business route in Salem. It was established in 1971 from SC 11 west-northwest of the town to SC 11 north-northeast of the town. In 1976, it was decommissioned and was mostly downgraded to secondary roads, with the exception of a small portion of SC 130, which had been extended into Salem by this time. Chesnee alternate route South Carolina Highway 11 Alternate (SC 11 Alt.) was an alternate route east of Chesnee. It was commissioned by 1940 between SC 11 and U.S. Route 221 (US 221; now US 221 Alternate) in the northwestern part of the Cowpens National Battlefield. At an unknown date, it was decommissioned and downgraded to a secondary road. It is now known as Edsel Drive. See also References External links SC 11 at Virginia Highways' South Carolina Highways Annex Former SC 11 Alternate at Virginia Highways' South Carolina Highways Annex Former SC 11 Business at Virginia Highways' South Carolina Highways Annex 011 Transportation in Oconee County, South Carolina Transportation in Pickens County, South Carolina Transportation in Greenville County, South Carolina Transportation in Spartanburg County, South Carolina Transportation in Cherokee County, South Carolina
Albury is a surname. Notable people with the surname include: Andy Albury (born 1961), Australian murderer Bill Albury (born 1933), English footballer Charles Donald Albury, co-pilot of the B-29 Bockscar when it dropped the atomic bomb on Nagasaki James Albury, baseball player James C. Albury, astronomer and television personality Vic Albury, baseball player
{{DISPLAYTITLE:5-HT3 antagonist}} The 5-HT3 antagonists, informally known as "setrons", are a class of drugs that act as receptor antagonists at the 5-HT3 receptor, a subtype of serotonin receptor found in terminals of the vagus nerve and in certain areas of the brain. With the notable exceptions of alosetron and cilansetron, which are used in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome, all 5-HT3 antagonists are antiemetics, used in the prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting. They are particularly effective in controlling the nausea and vomiting produced by cancer chemotherapy and are considered the gold standard for this purpose. The 5-HT3 antagonists may be identified by the suffix -setron, and are classified under code A04AA of the 's Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System. Medical uses 5-HT3 antagonists are most effective in the prevention and treatment of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), especially that caused by highly emetogenic drugs such as cisplatin; when used for this purpose, they may be given alone or, more frequently, with a glucocorticoid, usually dexamethasone. They are usually given intravenously, shortly before administration of the chemotherapeutic agent, although some authors have argued that oral administration may be preferred. The concomitant administration of a NK1 receptor antagonist, such as aprepitant, significantly increases the efficacy of 5-HT3 antagonists in preventing both acute and delayed CINV. The 5-HT3 antagonists are also indicated in the prevention and treatment of radiation-induced nausea and vomiting (RINV), when needed, and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Although they are more effective at controlling CINV—where they stop symptoms altogether in up to 70% of people, and reduce them in the remaining 30%—, they are just as effective as other agents for PONV. Current evidence suggests that 5-HT3 antagonists are ineffective in controlling motion sickness. A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of ondansetron to treat motion sickness in air ambulance personnel showed subjective improvement, but it was not statistically significant. Available agents Ondansetron was the first 5-HT3 antagonist, developed by Glaxo around 1984. Its efficacy was first established in 1987, in animal models, and it was extensively studied over the following years. Ondansetron was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration in 1991, and has since become available in several other countries, including the UK, Ireland, Australia, Canada, France and Brazil. As of 2008, ondansetron and granisetron are the only 5-HT3 antagonists available as a generic drug in the United States. Ondansetron may be given several times daily, depending on the severity of symptoms. Tropisetron was also first described in 1984. It is available in several countries, such as the UK, Australia and France, but not in the United States. The effects of tropisetron last up to 24 hours, so it only requires once-daily administration. Granisetron was developed around 1988. It is available in the U.S., UK, Australia and other countries. Clinical trials suggest that it is more effective than other 5-HT3 antagonists in preventing delayed CINV (nausea and vomiting that occur more than 24 hours after the first dose of chemotherapy). It is taken once daily. Dolasetron was first mentioned in the literature in 1989. It is a prodrug, and most of its effects are due to its active metabolite, hydrodolasetron, which is formed in the liver by the enzyme carbonyl reductase. Dolasetron was approved by the FDA in 1997, and is also administered once daily. Palonosetron is the newest 5-HT3 antagonist to become available in the U.S. market. It is an isoquinoline derivative, and is effective in preventing delayed CINV. Palonosetron was approved by the FDA in 2003, initially for intravenous use. An oral formulation was approved on August 22, 2008, for prevention of acute CINV alone, as a large clinical trial did not show oral administration to be as effective as IV use against delayed CINV. Ramosetron is only available in Japan and certain Southeast Asian countries as of 2008. It has higher affinity for the 5-HT3 receptor than the older 5-HT3 antagonists, and maintains its effects over two days; it is therefore significantly more effective for delayed CINV. In animal studies, ramosetron was also effective against irritable bowel syndrome-like symptoms. Alosetron and cilansetron—the latter was developed by Solvay but never approved by the FDA —are not antiemetics; instead, they are indicated in the treatment of a subset of irritable bowel syndrome where diarrhea is the dominant symptom. Alosetron was withdrawn from the U.S. market in 2000 due to unacceptably frequent severe side effects, including ischemic colitis, and is only available through a restrictive program to patients who meet certain requirements. Certain prokinetic drugs such as cisapride, renzapride and metoclopramide, although not 5-HT3 antagonists proper, possess some weak antagonist effect at the 5-HT3 receptor. Galanolactone, a diterpenoid found in ginger, is a 5-HT3 antagonist and is believed to at least partially mediate the anti-emetic activity of this plant. Mirtazapine is a tetracyclic antidepressant with 5-HT2 and 5-HT3 antagonist effects that also possesses strong anti-emetic properties, however it is also very sedating. Studies show that Mirtazapine is as equally effective in treating chemotherapy-related nausea and vomiting as standard treatments; it is also cheaper and has fewer side effects than typical anti-emetics, and its antidepressant qualities may be an added benefit for cancer populations. Mirtazapine has also been used in the treatment of the motility disorder gastroparesis due to its anti-emetic effects. Olanzapine, an atypical antipsychotic with anti-emetic properties similar to those of Mirtazapine, also shows promise in treating chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. Adverse effects There are few side effects related to the use of 5-HT3 antagonists; the most common are constipation or diarrhea, headache, and dizziness. Unlike antihistamines with antiemetic properties such as cyclizine, 5-HT3 antagonists do not produce sedation, nor do they cause extrapyramidal effects, as phenothiazines (such as prochlorperazine) sometimes do. All 5-HT3 antagonists have been associated with asymptomatic electrocardiogram changes, such as prolongation of the PT and QTc intervals and certain arrhythmias. The clinical significance of these side effects is unknown. Pharmacology Mechanism of action The 5-HT3 receptors are present in several critical sites involved in emesis, including vagal afferents, the solitary tract nucleus (STN), and the area postrema itself. Serotonin is released by the enterochromaffin cells of the small intestine in response to chemotherapeutic agents and may stimulate vagal afferents (via 5-HT3 receptors) to initiate the vomiting reflex. The 5-HT3 receptor antagonists suppress vomiting and nausea by inhibiting serotonin binding to the 5-HT3 receptors. The highest concentration of 5-HT3 receptors in the central nervous system (CNS) are found in the STN and chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), and 5-HT3 antagonists may also suppress vomiting and nausea by acting at these sites. The 5-HT3 antagonists are greatly selective and have little affinity for other receptors, such as dopamine, histamine and muscarinic acetylcholine receptors. Pharmacokinetics All 5-HT3 antagonists are well-absorbed and effective after oral administration, and all are metabolized in the liver by various isoenzymes of the cytochrome P450 system. They do not, however, inhibit or induce these enzymes. Comparative pharmacology Despite that the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists share their mechanism of action, they have different chemical structures and exhibit differences in affinity for the receptor, dose response and duration of effect. They are also metabolized in different ways, that is, different components of the cytochrome P450 (CYP) system predominate in the metabolism of the antagonists. Because of this, patients who are resistant to one antagonist might benefit from another. A correlation exists between the number of active CYP 2D6 alleles and the number of vomiting episodes by patients who receive treatment with cisplatin and ondansetron or tropisetron. Patients with multiple alleles tend to be unresponsive to the antiemetic drug and vice versa. History The history of the 5-HT3 receptor antagonists began in 1957, when John Gaddum and Zuleika P. Picarelli at the University of Edinburgh proposed the existence of two serotonin receptor subtypes, the M and D receptors (thus named because their function could be blocked by morphine and dibenzyline respectively). The 5-HT3 receptor was later found to correspond to the M receptor. In the 1970s, John Fozard found that metoclopramide and cocaine were weak antagonists at the 5-HT3 (5-HT-M) receptor. Fozard and Maurice Gittos later synthesized MDL 72222, the first potent and truly selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. The antiemetic effects of metoclopramide were found to be partially because of its serotonin antagonism. While Fozard was investigating cocaine analogues, researchers at Sandoz identified the potent, selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist ICS 205-930 from which the first marketed selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists ondansetron and granisetron were developed, and approved in 1991 and 1993 respectively. Several compounds related to MDL 72222 were synthesized which eventually resulted in approval of tropisetron in 1994 and dolasetron in 1997. A new and improved 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, named palonosetron, was approved in 2003. The development of selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists was a dramatic improvement in the treatment of nausea and vomiting. Ondansetron, granisetron, dolasetron and palonosetron are currently approved in the United States, and form the cornerstone of therapy for the control of acute emesis with chemotherapy agents with moderate to high emetogenic potential. Development 5-HT3 receptor antagonists or serotonin antagonists were first introduced in the early 1990s, and they have become the most widely used antiemetic drugs in chemotherapy. They have also been proven safe and effective for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Serotonin (5-HT) is found widely distributed throughout the gut and the central nervous system. In the gut, 5-HT is found mostly in mucosal enterochromaffin cells. Enterochromaffin cells are sensory transducers that release 5-HT to activate intrinsic (via 5-HT1P and 5-HT4 receptors) and extrinsic (via 5-HT3 receptors) primary afferent nerves. Chemotherapeutic drugs for malignant disorders that cause vomiting have been found to cause release of large amounts of serotonin from enterochromaffin cells in the gut, serotonin acts on 5-HT3 receptors in the gut and brain stem. Drug design Experiments have shown evidence that the ligand-binding site is located at the interface of two adjacent subunits. The ligand binding site is formed by three loops (A-C) from the principal ligand binding subunit (principal face) and three β-strands (D-F) from the adjacent subunit (complementary face). The amino acid residue E129 on loop A faces into the binding pocket and forms a critical hydrogen bond with the hydroxyl group of 5-HT. Loop B contains W183, a critical tryptophan ligand binding residue that contributes to a cation-π interaction between the pi electron density of tryptophan and the primary amine of 5-HT. Loop C residues have been considered as candidates for the differing pharmacology of rodent and human 5-HT3 receptors because of their divergence between species. The most important aromatic residue within loop C is probably Y234 that lies opposite to the loop B tryptophan in the ligand binding pocket and is involved in ligand binding. Loops D and F are in fact β-strands not loops. W90 in loop D is critical for ligand binding and antagonists may directly contact R92. The azabicyclic ring of the competitive antagonist granisetron is located close to W183 forming a cation-pi interaction. Loop E residues Y143, G148, E149, V150, Q151, N152, Y153 and K154 may be important for granisetron binding. The structure of loop F has yet to be clarified but W195 and D204 seem to be critical for ligand binding. Backbone Chemical structures of the first generation 5-HT3 receptor antagonist can be categorized to three main classes Carbazole derivatives (ondansetron) Indazoles (Granisetron) Indoles (Tropisetron and Dolasetron) The first-generation 5-HT3 receptor antagonist (ondansetron, dolasetron, granisetron, and tropisetron) have been the most important drugs in antiemetic therapy for emetogenic chemotherapy. They are especially effective in treating acute emesis, occurring in the first 24 hours following chemotherapy. A newer drug palonosetron is a pharmacologically distinct and highly selective, second generation 5-HT3 receptor antagonist. Palonosetron has two stereogenic centers and exists as four stereoisomers. Palonosetron has longer half-life (40h) and greater receptor binding affinity (>30 fold; when compared to first generation antagonists). Pharmacophore The pharmacophore of 5-HT3receptors consists of three components: a carbonyl-containing linking moiety, aromatic/heteroaromatic ring, and a basic center. The carbonyl group is coplanar to the aromatic ring. 5-HT3 receptor antagonists are more likely to bind in their protonated form. Docking of a range of antagonists into a homology model of the 5-HT3 receptor binding site shows a reasonably good agreement with the pharmacophore model and supports the observed differences between species. Studies of granisetron in the binding pocket revealed that the aromatic rings of granisetron lie between W183 and Y234 and the azabicyclic ring between W90 and F226. In this study another energetically favorable location of granisetron was identified, closer to the membrane, on a position that could be a part of a binding/unbinding pathway for the ligand. A similarly located alternative binding site for granisetron has since been identified in another study of the 5-HT3 receptor. Structure-activity relationship 5-HT3 receptor antagonists share the same pharmacophore. An aromatic moiety (preferably indole), a linking acyl group capable of hydrogen bonding interactions, and a basic amine (nitrogen) can be regarded as the key pharmacophoric elements of the known 5-HT3receptor antagonists. There are steric limitations of the aromatic binding site and although two hydrogen-bonding interactions are possible on the heterocyclic linking group (oxadiazole capable of accepting two hydrogen bonds), only one is essential for high affinity. An optimal environment of the basic nitrogen is when its constrained within an azabicyclic system with the highest affinity observed for systems with nitrogen at the bridgehead position and secondary amines being more potent. The 5-HT3 receptor can only accommodate small substituents on the charged amine, a methyl group being optimal. The optimal distance between the aromatic binding site and the basic amine is 8,4-8,9 Å and it is best if a two-carbon linkage separates the oxadiazole and the nitrogen. An increasing substitution of R increases affinity. The most potent antagonists of 5-HT3 receptors have a 6-membered aromatic ring, and they usually have 6,5 heterocyclic rings. No correlation has been found between the lipophilicity of compounds and the 5-HT3 receptor affinities. Since most of the known 5-HT3 antagonists are ester or amide derivatives they are potentially susceptible to hydrolysis, which could be avoided by incorporating H-bond acceptors within a 5-membered heteroaromatic ring. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies of LGIC receptor ligands are valuable to investigate their structure and function. An antagonist-like molecule with low intrinsic activity (ia) decreases the frequency of channel-opening and the permeability of ions. Small lipophilic C5 (R1) (see fig. 5) substituents afford compounds with potent antagonism which indicates that the C5 substituent may fit in a narrow, hydrophobic groove of the binding region in the receptor. It seems that the amino acid residues that interact with the C7 (R2) substituents have little to do with ligand binding but play a big role in ion channel gating. Sterically bulky substituents show a greater interaction with the gating amino acid residues and favor the open conformation af the ion channel because of sterical repulsion. Ondansetron is a racemate but the stereochemistry of the asymmetric carbon atom is not an important factor in the 5-HT3 receptor interaction. Annelation of the 1,7-positions of the indole nucleus of ondansetron results in increased affinity for the receptor. A methyl- group appears to be as effective functionally as a chlorine in the R position (see fig. 6). The carbonyl group is responsible for a strong interaction with the receptor and contributes significantly to the binding process. This carbonyl group is completely coplanar with the adjacent aromatic ring, indicating that the receptor-bound conformation corresponds to one of the most stable conformations of this group in the flexible compounds. Research A small, open-label trial carried out in 2000 found ondansetron to be useful in treating antipsychotic-induced tardive dyskinesia in people with schizophrenia. The study's patients also showed significant improvement in the disease's symptoms; a later double-blind, randomized controlled trial also found ondansetron to significantly improve schizophrenia symptoms when used as an adjunct to haloperidol, and people taking both drugs experienced fewer of the adverse effects commonly associated with haloperidol. See also Serotonin transporter References Drug discovery 5-HT3 antagonists Antiemetics
Cressbrook is a rural locality in the Somerset Region, Queensland, Australia. In the Cressbrook had a population of 117 people. It is known for its recreational aviation facilities. Geography Cressbrook is a sparsely populated rural area with land used for crops and grazing; there is no urban centre. It is bounded by the Brisbane River to the north and east. Cressbrook Creek meanders from the west to the east of the locality where it enters the Brisbane River. The Cressbrook-Carboonbah Road traverses from the Brisbane Valley Highway in the north-west through the south-east of the locality towards Mount Beppo and beyond to Carboonbah. History The locality of Cressbrook takes its name from the Cressbrook Homestead established by David Cannon McConnel in 1841, who came from the village of Cressbrook in Derbyshire, England. In 1877, were resumed from the Cressbrook pastoral run and offered for selection on 17 April 1877. Cressbrook Provisional School was operating in 1881 but closed in 1882 due to low student numbers; its opening date is unknown. In 1898, the McConnel family established a condensed milk factory at Cressbrook; it was sold to Nestlé in 1907. On 1 June 1901, D. C. McConnel laid the first pile for the Victoria Chapel on the Cressbrook Homestead intended for the use of the McConnel family and their employees. It was a non-denominational chapel. Regular Anglican and Presbyterian services were held there and other denominations were served by visiting ministers. Cressbrook Lower State School opened on 11 April 1916. It closed in 1953. Fulham State School opened in 1920 and closed circa 1953. It was located at 372 Cressbrook Cabonah Road (southern corner with Fulham Road, , now in Cressbrook). In the Cressbrook had a population of 117 people. Heritage listings Cressbrook has a number of heritage-listed sites, including: off Cressbrook-Caboombah Road: Cressbrook Homestead Watts Bridge Memorial Airfield The Watts Bridge Memorial Airfield is in the south-east of the locality and provides facilities for sports and recreational aviation. There are three grass runways of length , and . A number of aviation clubs operate from the airfield, flying vintage planes, gyroplanes, gliders, performing acrobatics and skydiving. Many recreational aviation events are held each year at the airfield. The airfield was established in 1942 as part of Australia's defences during World War II and known as the Toogoolawah airfield. After the war, the airfield was no longer needed for defence purposes, the buildings were removed and the land was used for grazing. In the early 1980s, the desire for recreational airfield facilities resulted in a group of recreational pilots re-establishing the runways and taxiways, and reopening the airfield in 1990 as the Watts Bridge Memorial Airfield. The name Watts Bridge is a reference to a nearby bridge that crossed the Brisbane River connecting Silverleigh Road in Cressbrook to Cooeeimbardi Road in Lower Cressbrook and was named after local dairyman James Robert Watts. Having survived many floods of the Brisbane River, the bridge was washed away in the 1974 Brisbane flood and not replaced. References Suburbs of Somerset Region Queensland in World War II Localities in Queensland
YML or yml may refer to: Charlevoix Airport (IATA code), Quebec, Canada .yml, a file extension for the YAML file format
Alexander Ross Wallace (27 September 1891 – 26 August 1982) was an English priest, colonial administrator, and author. He was the Dean of Exeter in the Church of England from 1950 to 1960. Wallace was educated at Clifton and Corpus Christi College, Cambridge. He entered the Indian Civil Service in 1914 and when World War I came joined the 17th Cavalry. In 1922 he became a schoolmaster at Wellington College, Berkshire. From 1925 to 1930, he was Headmaster at Cargilfield School, Edinburgh . Further headships followed at Blundell's (1930–1933) and Sherborne (1934–1950) before his ordination in 1939. He was a Canon Residentiary at Salisbury Cathedral from 1942 to 1950 when he entered the Deanery. References 1891 births People educated at Clifton College Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Cambridge Heads of Blundell's School Heads of schools in Scotland Deans of Exeter 1982 deaths Indian Civil Service (British India) officers Heads of schools in England
Seth Merrill Gates (October 16, 1800 – August 24, 1877) was an American merchant, attorney and politician. He served as a member of the New York State Assembly and as a United States representative from the U.S. state of New York. Early life Gates was born in Winfield, New York, the son of Seth Gates and Abigail (Merrill) Gates. In 1806, he moved to Sheldon, New York, with his family. He attended the common schools and Middlebury Academy located in the village of Wyoming, New York, before working as a teacher. Career He became inspector of the common schools, and in 1825, he served as the deputy sheriff of Le Roy, New York. He studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1827. He began the practice of law in Le Roy and served as supervisor of Le Roy in 1830. In 1832, he served as a Whig member of the New York State Assembly. He declined to be a candidate for renomination. He was elected as an antislavery member of the twenty-sixth and twenty seventh U.S. Congresses, serving from March 4, 1839, to March 3, 1843. While in Congress, he drafted the protest signed by the Whigs in Congress against the Texas annexation. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection. In 1843, he moved to Warsaw, New York, and continued the practice of law. He was also engaged in the lumber trade and a merchant. In 1848, on the Barnburners and Free Soil ticket, and in 1852, on the Free Democratic ticket, he was twice an unsuccessful candidate for Lieutenant Governor of New York. Due to his pronounced hostility to slavery, a southern planter offered $500 for his apprehension. From 1851-1865, he was the secretary of the Wyoming County Insurance Company. In 1861, he was appointed postmaster at Warsaw, serving until 1870. Death Gates died on August 24, 1877, in Warsaw, and is interred in Warsaw Cemetery. His home, the Seth M. Gates House, at Warsaw, New York, was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992. References External links 1800 births 1877 deaths Democratic Party members of the New York State Assembly New York (state) Free Soilers People from Warsaw, New York People from Winfield (town), New York Whig Party members of the United States House of Representatives from New York (state) People from Le Roy, New York People from Sheldon, New York 19th-century American politicians
George Davison (died February 21, 1799) was a businessman and political figure in Quebec. His surname also sometimes appears as Davidson. He came to Quebec around 1773 and acquired lands in the seigneury of Rivière-du-Loup. He was in business in partnership with his older brother Alexander. Davison was named to the Legislative Council of Quebec in 1783. During the 1780s, he operated a farm on a large estate near the current site of Louiseville, Quebec. He served as a director of the Quebec Agricultural Society, formed in 1789. In 1786, the two brothers were given a lease for the king's posts on the north shore of the lower Saint Lawrence River. Davison returned to England in 1791, although he still had business interests in Canada and, with his brother, held a contract to supply the British forces in North America. With David Monro and Mathew Bell, he took over the lease of the Saint-Maurice ironworks from his brother in 1793. He died in London in 1799. External links Biography at the Dictionary of Canadian Biography Online Year of birth missing 1799 deaths Pre-Confederation Canadian businesspeople
Takashi Hirose may refer to the following: Taka Hirose (born 1967), Japanese musician and chef who is the bass guitarist for the rock band Feeder Takashi Hirose (swimmer) (died 2002), American swimmer Takashi Hirose (writer) (born 1943), Japanese writer
Dockage is a factor in the grading of some grains under the official U.S. Grain Standards. Wheat dockage is described as weed seeds, weed stems, chaff, straw, or grain other than wheat, which can be readily removed from the wheat by the use of appropriate sieves and cleaning devices; also, underdeveloped, shriveled and small pieces of wheat kernels removed in properly separating, properly rescreening, or recleaning. The term also may be used to describe the amount of reduction in price taken because of a deficiency in quality. References United States Department of Agriculture
Percy Daniel (born 19 January 1962) is a Kittitian cricketer. He played in one first-class match for the Leeward Islands in 1991/92. See also List of Leeward Islands first-class cricketers References External links 1962 births Living people Kittitian cricketers Leeward Islands cricketers
The 2022–23 season is MKS Cracovia's 117th season in existence and the club's tenth consecutive season in the top flight of Polish football. In addition to the domestic league, MKS Cracovia will participate in this season's edition of the Polish Cup. The season covers the period from 1 July 2022 to 30 June 2023. Players First-team squad Out on loan Players under contract Pre-season and friendlies Competitions Overview Ekstraklasa League table Results summary Results by round Matches The league fixtures were announced on 1 June 2022. Polish Cup Statistics Goalscorers References MKS Cracovia seasons MKS Cracovia
Krasnoborsky (masculine), Krasnoborskaya (feminine), or Krasnoborskoye (neuter) may refer to: Krasnoborsky District, a district of Arkhangelsk Oblast, Russia Krasnoborsky (rural locality) (Krasnoborskaya, Krasnoborskoye), name of several rural localities in Russia
```xml import * as React from 'react'; import ComponentExample from '../../../../components/ComponentDoc/ComponentExample'; import ExampleSection from '../../../../components/ComponentDoc/ExampleSection'; const Content = () => ( <ExampleSection title="Content"> <ComponentExample title="Actions" description="A chat message can contain actions." examplePath="components/Chat/Content/ChatExampleActions" /> <ComponentExample title="Reaction group" description="A chat message can contain group of reactions." examplePath="components/Chat/Content/ChatExampleReactionGroup" /> <ComponentExample title="Header" description="A chat message can have a custom header." examplePath="components/Chat/Content/ChatExampleHeader" /> <ComponentExample title="Override Header Styles" description="A chat message header can have styles override to fit one line." examplePath="components/Chat/Content/ChatExampleHeaderOverride" /> <ComponentExample title="Read Status" description="A chat message can have a read status indicator" examplePath="components/Chat/Content/ChatExampleReadStatus" /> </ExampleSection> ); export default Content; ```
Žeje may refer to a number of settlements in Slovenia: Žeje, Domžale, a settlement in the Municipality of Domžale central Slovenia Žeje, Naklo, a settlement in the Municipality of Naklo, northwestern Slovenia Žeje, Postojna, a settlement in the Municipality of Postojna, southwestern Slovenia Žeje pri Komendi, a settlement in the Municipality of Komenda, central Slovenia
Kırışkal is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Nurdağı, Gaziantep Province, Turkey. Its population is 292 (2022). The village is inhabited by Kurds. References Neighbourhoods in Nurdağı District Kurdish settlements in Gaziantep Province
Wasp is an unincorporated community in Pleasants County, West Virginia, United States. The Wasp post office no longer exists. References Unincorporated communities in West Virginia Unincorporated communities in Pleasants County, West Virginia
The 2020–21 Loyola Marymount Lions men's basketball team represented Loyola Marymount University during the 2020–21 NCAA Division I men's basketball season. The Lions were led by first-year head coach Stan Johnson. They played their home games at Gersten Pavilion in Los Angeles, California as members of the West Coast Conference Previous season The Lions finished the season 11–21 overall and 4–12 in WCC play to finish in eighth place. They defeated San Diego in the first round of the WCC tournament before losing in the second round to San Francisco. On March 8, 2020, head coach Mike Dunlap was fired. He finished at LMU with a six-year record of 81–108. On March 20, the school announced that Marquette associate head coach Stan Johnson had been named the new head coach of the Lions. Offseason Departures Incoming transfers 2020 recruiting class 2021 Recruiting class Roster Schedule and results \|- !colspan=12 style=\| Non-conference regular season \|- !colspan=12 style=\|WCC regular season \|- !colspan=12 style=\|WCC tournament Source References Loyola Marymount Lions men's basketball seasons Loyola Marymount Loyola Marymount basketball, men Loyola Marymount basketball, men Loyola Marymount basketball, men Loyola Marymount basketball, men
The Ambika Statue from Dhar is a marble figure in high relief dated to 1034 AD, of the Jain goddess Ambika. It was discovered in the city of Dhar, central India in the late nineteenth century. The statue is famous for its long inscription in Nāgarī on the base that provides a direct link to the royal court of the Paramara dynasty, and gives a date, rare in medieval Indian sculpture. It has been part of the British Museum's collection since 1909. Provenance The statue was found amongst the ruins of the city palace at Dhar, Madhya Pradesh in 1875 by Major General William Kincaid, who at the time worked as the local political agent of the British Raj. Five years after its discovery, the statue became part of the British Museum's collection. Description The goddess Ambika is carved from white marble in high relief and wears a tiered headdress with her hair tied to one side. The ends of two of the four arms of the goddess are missing; in the two complete arms, she clasps an elephant goad (aṅkuśa) and either a noose or the stalk of a plant. On the base are various other deities or spirit attendants in relief. On the face of the base below the goddess's feet a long inscription is carved, and on the face to the viewer's left of that a small kneeling female donor is engraved. Inscription The Nāgarī inscription records the creation of the Ambika statue by Vararuci, after he had made a figure of the goddess Saraswati and three Jinas. It has been suggested that Vararuci is in fact the Jain scholar Dhanapala, who performed a prominent artistic role at the court of King Bhoja during the 11th Century AD. Bhoja was part of the Paramara dynasty who based themselves primarily at Dhar, a city which remained their de facto capital until its ultimate conquest in the fourteenth century. The British Museum translates the inscription as: Auṃ. Vararuci, who is intent on the dharma of the Candranagarī and Vidyādharī [branches of the Jain religion] of srīmad Bhoja the king, the apsaras [as it were] for the easy removal [of ignorance? by...?], that Vararuci, having first fashioned Vāgdevī the mother [and] afterwards a triad of Jinas, made this beautiful image of Ambā, ever abundant in fruit. Blessings! It was executed by Maṇathala, son of the sūtradhāra Sahira. It was written by Śivadeva the proficient. Year 1091. References Further reading M Willis, 'Dhār, Bhoja and Sarasvatī: from Indology to Political Mythology and Back' in Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 22, 1, London, 2012 T. R. Blurton, Hindu art, p. 175 (London, The British Museum Press, 1992) R Knox, Masterpieces of Buddhist and Hindu Sculpture from the British Museum, 1994 Asian sculptures in the British Museum Paramara dynasty Bhoja Reliefs in the United Kingdom Jain sculptures
In the Hindu religious traditions of Shaktism and Shaivism, Kaula, also known as Kula, ("the Kula path") and ("the Kaula tradition"), is a Tantric tradition which is characterised by distinctive rituals and symbolism connected with the worship of Shakti and Shiva that is associated with cremation-ground or charnel ground asceticism. Kaula preserves some of the distinctive features of the Kāpālika tradition, from which it is derived. It is subdivided into four subcategories of texts based on the goddesses Kuleśvarī, Kubjikā, Kālī, and Tripurasundarī respectively. The Trika texts are closely related to the Kuleśvarī texts and can be considered as part of the Kulamārga. These subcategories emerged as cults with a wide range of practices—some with mild practices involving worship of Siva or Sadasiva as a householder deity while others involved worshiping ferocious goddesses with blood, alcohol and erotic offerings. In later Hatha Yoga, the Kaula visualization of kundalini rising through a system of chakras is overlaid onto the earlier bindu-oriented system. Kaula and kula The translation of the term kula in English is considered difficult and has raised some problems for researchers. The basic meaning is "family", "group" or "self-contained unit". This is explained by Gavin Flood as referring to the retinues of minor goddesses depicted in the schools' literature. Philosophically the term is said to represent a unifying connectedness, beneath the various objects, processes and living entities of this world, which may be identified with these goddesses as aspects of the supreme deity, in some regions the god Shiva, elsewhere a goddess. Another meaning sometimes given to the term kaula is that of a "group of people" engaged together in the practice of spiritual discipline. Kaula practices are based on tantra, closely related to the siddha tradition and Shaktism. Kaula sects are noted for their extreme exponents who recommend the flouting of taboos and social mores as a means of liberation. Such practices were often later toned down to appeal to ordinary householders, as in Kashmiri Shaivism. Fundamental concepts The concepts of purity, sacrifice, freedom, the spiritual master (guru) and the heart are core concepts of the Kaula tradition. Purity and impurity Actions or objects are not seen impure in themselves, rather the attitude is the determinant factor. Spiritual ignorance is the only impurity and knowledge is pure. As long as one is identified with the supreme consciousness, there is nothing impure. The adept is unaffected by any external impurity and makes use of what is reprehensible to attain transcendence. Here arises the antinomian and asocial character of Kaula and the left-handed forms of tantra. Sacrifice Kaula sacrifice (yajna) is defined primarily as an inward act. Any action performed with the purpose of evoking the supreme reality is said to be sacrifice. However, if sacrifice were performed only interiorly, there would be a lack of externality and therefore limitation and dualism. That is why Kaula adepts also perform symbolic external sacrifices making use of a sacred place and various rituals. There are six main types of sacrifice according to the "six supports"; external reality, the couple, the body, the central channel of the subtle breath (susumna), the mind and Shakti. Freedom Kaula stresses the language of self-sufficiency, liberation and freedom. Socially the Kaula may be viewed as an alternative society, complete in itself, which supports the freedom of the devotee from interior mental and egotistic limitations and from exterior social and cultural preconceptions. At a social level deconditioning is realized by detaching from traditional restrictions with regard to what is considered pure and impure and through the adoption of the spiritual family of the guru. At the mental level freedom is attained by the awakening of Kundalini through asana, pranayama, mudra or mantras, the amplification and sublimation of the vital and mental energy and the elevation of consciousness. The culmination of this process is spiritual illumination. Absolute freedom is to be found only in the revelation of the unity of the spirit with God, a state described as Atma-vyapti or re-absorption into the true Self (atman) or Shiva-vyapti: re-absorption into the supreme consciousness of Shiva. To be free is to be absolved from the necessity of rebirth conditioned by karmic constraints. Consciousness expands into pure reality, a level that is considered to exist beyond time and space, where the powers of knowledge and action are unfettered, there are no conditioning desires or needs to be fulfilled and bliss is directly present in consciousness. Kaula's basic method is the experience of the freedom of consciousness in the heart, ultimately reflected in the center of the being as Khechari Mudra. This mudra (attitude) means "the ability of consciousness to freely move (charati) about in the space (kha) of the heart". The disciple learns to recognize Śiva as the ultimate reality. The practices pertaining to consciousness are explained in such texts as Vijñāna Bhairava Tantra, Spanda Kārikās and Śiva Sūtras. Kashmiri Shaivism describes freedom as svātantrya - the freedom to create, maintain and destroy the universe pertaining to Śiva himself. It is considered that Śiva, above any restriction or conditioning, creates the universe of his free will as a playful expression of his spirit (lila). Here the kaulas are unlike Advaita and Veda, where there is the conception that maya (cosmic illusion) is superimposed upon the brahman (absolute), inducing a sort of illusory creation. Here, creation is considered real, and the will to create is considered free and unfettered. Svatantrya is identical to Ananda (bliss) and vimarśa (reflexive consciousness/auto-consciousness). Guru "Guru is the path" (). This statement from the most revered sacred text of Kashmir Shaivism, the Śiva Sutras, summarizes the school's conception of the guru-disciple relationship. Kaula functions as a form of guru yoga, where the disciple's only essential practice is to surrender himself to his guru, accepting the spiritual impulse bestowed upon him by his master. Disciples eminently open towards their guru's spiritual influence are named spiritual sons and held to know the highest state of consciousness by their direct link to their guru's illuminated heart. The guru is considered to form a single Self (atman) with his disciples. As such, he leads the disciples to the discovery of their own Atman with his own consciousness, exalted into the supreme state. The Heart Aham, the heart or "subjective I", is a central concept in Kaula ideology, conceived of as the most sacred reality, home of consciousness (Cit) and bliss (Ananda), place of union of the cosmic couple Shiva and Shakti. The term Aham refers to the same reality as other terms like anuttara (unsurpassed), Akula (beyond the group), Shiva (The Lord), Cit (supreme consciousness) as well as "feminine" aspects as Ananda and Shakti. Each term brings a specific viewpoint, but none of them can fully describe the Supreme Reality. On the individual level, the heart is the binding force of all conscious experiences – the individual being is considered a Kula composed of eight elements: five senses, ego (ahamkar), the mind and the intellect. These eight are not disconnected, unrelated processes but rather a unified, interrelated family ("kaula") based on consciousness as the common substrate. Kaula prescribes practices that reintegrate the eight "rays" of the soul into the supreme consciousness. On the cosmic level, the "Heart of the Lord" (aham) is the substrate of the family of 36 elements forming all manifestation. The concept of "Spiritual Heart" is so important that even the supreme realization in Kashmir Shaivism is described in relation to it. The Khechari Mudra is an attitude described as "the ability of consciousness to freely move (charati) about in the space (kha) of the heart". ("kha"+"charati" forming "kechari") Practices Similarly to other tantric schools, Kaula chooses a positive (affirmative) approach: instead of prescribing self-limitations and condemning various actions, it embraces such actions in a spiritual light. Thus, sexuality, love, social life and artistic pursuits are considered vectors of spiritual evolution. The main focus in Kaula is on practical methods for attaining enlightenment, rather than engaging in complex philosophical debate. Whatever is pleasant and positive can be integrated in its practice. The principal means employed in the Kaula practice are the spiritual family, the practice of initiation rituals, the couple (sexual rituals such as maithuna), the body (spiritual alchemy inside one's own body), the energy (shakti) (controlled especially through the use of mantras and mystical phonemes) and the consciousness (seen as the epitome of one's whole being and of the universe itself). The first phase of development is linked to the attainment of a state of non-duality described as an "absorption into the spiritual heart", nirvikalpa samadhi or experiencing the "uncreated light" of consciousness (prakāśa) (read a number of subjective accounts of this experience). Group practice Group practices, which are restricted to the members of a kaula (family), include rituals, festivities, initiations and the secretive tantric sexual union. The purposes of this practice are the initiation of novices, the expansion of consciousness and expression of the bliss already attained as participants become more and more advanced. The key to the effectiveness of group practice is held to reside in the harmony of minds and hearts of the participants. When a compatible spiritual group is created, it can greatly accelerate the spiritual evolution of its members. Abhinavagupta declares that such a group can enter a state of oneness and universal consciousness without effort. He explains this by the notion of reflection (pratibimba), a process of unification, an effortless overflow of spiritual energy. The relation between a Kaula's parts is realized through mutual reflection. Reflection (pratibimba) is used here in the sense of "containing an image of the other objects inside", a concept similar to that of the hologram. The number of possible interactions and reflections between the members of a Kaula is much larger than the number of elements it contains. Kashmir Shaivism declares that each part is in fact Akula (Shiva) in essence; thus there is a connection between the parts through their common Akula substrate. As each part contains Akula, in its essence, it automatically contains everything, this is how the mutual reflection is said to be realized. Almost half of the Tantraloka is dedicated to rituals, usually evoking the union of complementary sets such as man and woman, a faculty and its object or inhalation and exhalation. The practice of ritual may involve the construction of a mandala, visualization of a goddess or group of goddesses (Śakti), recitation (japa), performed in a state of "rest inside the creative awareness" (camatkāra), oblation into fire and its internalized version – the burning of the objects and means of knowledge into the "fire" of non-dual consciousness (parāmarśa). The power of a ritual lies in its repetition. A pure disciple will attain the supreme state even by simply staying for a short time in presence of a guru without any instruction, but less prepared ones need reinforcement and gradual accumulation. Physical practices Kaula puts a special emphasis on the physical body in spiritual practice "as a vessel of the Supreme" and, as such, not an obstacle tortured in ascetic practices. Repeated submergence into the state of non-duality is supposed to induce secondary effects on the physical body due to the activity of the spiritual energy (śakti) and may be called tantric body alchemy (see internal alchemy). Starting from the expanded consciousness of the self (atman), the body (and in the end, the exterior reality too) is infused with the experience of non-duality. The non-dual, experienced initially only in consciousness, is extended to the whole body. The kaula adept will discover kaulika – the power (siddhi) of identification with the Universal Consciousness experienced in the physical body, generated spontaneously, without any effort (formal meditation, postures – asana, concentration Dharana and other forms of exertion in yoga). This process is described as the descent of the energy of the non-dual consciousness into the physical. Then consciousness manifests as a free force, entering the senses and producing extroverted samādhi. At this point, consciousness, mind, senses and physical body are "dissolved" into oneness, expanded into the spiritual light of consciousness. As a consequence, any perception of the exterior reality becomes nondual. It becomes possible to live submerged in a continuous state of union with Shiva even while performing regular day-to-day activities. This form of extroverted, all-inclusive samādhi is the pinnacle of spiritual evolution, bhairavi mudra, jagadananda or bhava samadhi. The yogi experiences everything as pure light and ecstasy (cit-ananda) and does not feel any difference between interior and exterior any more. Yamala – the tantric couple Abhinavagupta: "The couple (yamala) is consciousness itself, the unifying emission and the stable abode. It is the absolute, the noble cosmic bliss consisting of both Shiva and Shakti. It is the supreme secret of Kula; neither quiescent nor emergent, it is the flowing font of both quiescence and emergence." (Tantraloka) The sexual practices of the Kaula schools, also known as "the secret ritual", are performed with an "external Shakti" (sexual partner) as opposed to the purely meditative practices which involve only one's own spiritual energies (the "interior Shakti"). The role of the sexual Kaula ritual is to unite the couple, yogini (initiated woman) and siddha (initiated man), and induce one in the other a state of permanent awakening. This achievement is made possible by the intensity of their love. In their exalted state, the two become absorbed into the consciousness of the Self. Becoming united on all the levels, physical, astral, mental and even in their consciousness, they reconstitute the supreme couple of Shiva and Shakti. The Kaula sacrifice is reserved for the few, the elite who can maintain a state of Bhairava (spiritual illumination) in sexual union. Other couples, even if they reproduce the ritual to the letter (as perceived from outside), if they do not attain Bhairava consciousness, are merely engaging in a sexual act. "Initiation by the mouth of the yogini (yoginī-vaktra)", is a method by which the adept unites with a purified yoginī and receives the unique experience of the illuminated consciousness. He is to see her as both his lover and guru. The energy generated during the tantric sexual act is considered a form of "subtle emission", while the act of ejaculation is considered a form of physical emission. In Kashmir Shaivism, the energy of emission (visarga śakti) is considered to be a form of ānanda (bliss). Depending on the orientation of one's consciousness, introverted or extroverted, emission can be of two kinds: rested and risen. In Śānta, the rested form of emission, focus is absorbed just on one's own Self in an act of transcendence. In Udita, the risen form, the focus is projected on the Self (atman) of one's lover – a state associated with immanence. Santodita (beyond udita and śānta) is the uniting form, cause of both śānta and udita emissions. Santodita is described as universal bliss (cidānanda), undivided consciousness, kaula (the group of two as one) and an "outflow of the pulsation of Shiva and Shakti". This kind of translation from the physical act to the mental and to consciousness itself is a characteristic of the tantric world view. Mantra practice Mantric meditation is the most common form of tantric practice. In the Kaula system, this practice is associated especially with the group of phonemes. The 50 phonemes (varṇa) of the Sanskrit alphabet are used as "seed" mantras denoting various aspects of consciousness (cit) and energy (śakti). The group (kula) of Sanskrit phonemes form a complete description of reality, from the lowest ("earth") to the highest (Śiva consciousness) level. The ritual "setting out" of the phonemes imitates the emanation of the cosmos from the supreme I-consciousness of Śiva. In another ritual, the phonemes are identified with specific zones of the body through the practice of nyāsa, infusing the body with spiritual energy. This mystical state of culminates in the kaula of the body (perfection of the ensemble of organs, senses and mind) and such a being is known as a siddha (accomplished one). The adept attains a form of bodily enlightenment where, through the power of mantras, he comes to recognize the divinities within the body. Initiation into mantric practice is based on a transfer of power and the link (lineage) of the heart. The word or phoneme is not useful in itself, as it does not have efficiency unless the disciple received his initiation from an authentic master. Applications of the term While the manifest reality is described as Kula (a variant form of the term Kaula), the unifying factor, the Deity, is termed Akula. "A" means "beyond", or "non", thus "Akula" is "beyond kula". As the substrate of all manifestation is Akula, such is also the basis of any Kula. So Kula families are united by a common substrate, the transcendent Akula. In every one of its instances, on various levels of the universe, Kula is a contraction (saṃkoca) of totality, thus in each Kula there is a contracted form of the universe, a contracted form of Shiva (Akula) himself. Such an affirmation has been popularized under slogans like "Consciousness is Everything" in some recent Kashmir Shaivism related publications for the public. Often at the highest level of reality Shiva and Shakti form the supreme couple, or the ultimate Kula (family). Shiva, under various names (anuttara - absolute, prakāśa - uncreated light, cit - supreme consciousness, Akula - beyond the groups of manifestation) and Shakti, under a similar plethora or names (Vimarsa - reflection in consciousness, Visarga - creative energy that emits the Universe, Kundalini - fundamental energy of the body, spanda - atemporal vibration, Kauliki - that which is "sprung" in Kula). The two are always in indissoluble union in a perfect state of bliss. Ultimately there is no difference between Shiva and Shakti, they are different aspects of the same reality. The supreme "family" by definition spans both manifestation and transcendence. In Kashmir Shaivism, Supreme Consciousness (Cit, identical to Akula) is considered to be the substrate of manifestation. Consciousness is the ultimate principle, the monad of the universe, always present as substrate in every external object, be it gross (physical), subtle (mental) or subtlest (relating to the causal body or soul). Thus external world, body, mind and soul are considered kindred parts of the whole, concretisation of the supreme consciousness. From this perspective, Kula is the totality of manifestation, in gross, subtle and supreme form. Even if Cit is not directly involved in the process of manifestation (as it is said to be unmanifest), it is always present in every possible facet of manifestation. Thus, it is said to be the substantial cause of manifestation (manifestation is made of Cit, "like pots are made of clay") and also the efficient cause ("like the potter is the efficient cause in the activity of creating pots"). A closely related concept is Kaulika, the binding force of the Kula. The term literally means "sprung in Kula". Kaulika is another name for Shakti, the spiritual energy. Shakti, as described in Kashmir Shaivism, does a paradoxical thing – she creates the universe, with all its diversity and at the same time remains identical to Shiva, the absolute transcendent. Thus, Kaulika is an energy both of spirit and matter. Bridging the two, Kaulika creates the path of evolution for consciousness from ego to spirit. The manifestation of Kaulika proceeds from the absolute (anuttara) in the process of cosmic creation (mahasristi). Thus Kaulika should not be seen as mere energy, or just the link between matter and spirit, but also identical to the absolute. Even if she is the dynamic aspect of the absolute, she does not rank lower than Shiva, her divine consort. Texts Kashmiri School of Kaula While Kaula is primarily an oral tradition and does not place a high value on the creation of texts, there are some texts associated with the tradition. Muller-Ortega, following Pandey, summarizes the literature of the Kashmiri school as follows: See also References Works cited . Esoteric schools of thought Hindu philosophical concepts Hindu tantra Kashmir Shaivism Nonduality Shaiva sects Tantric practices
Pruillé () is a former commune in the Maine-et-Loire department in western France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Longuenée-en-Anjou. See also Communes of the Maine-et-Loire department References Former communes of Maine-et-Loire
Jordan Stuart Connerton (born 2 October 1989) is an English footballer who last played as a striker for Lancaster City. Career Early career He started his football career with Lancaster City at the age of just sixteen years of age playing in the Football Conference as Lancaster were relegated with just one point to their name. This was due to the club having to go into administration due to financial difficulties. Soon after the end of the 2006–07 season after a bad injury, Jordan was then picked up by Chorley, scoring five goals in twelve appearances before moving to Kendal Town, under Lee Ashcroft, scoring on his debut in a 2–2 draw in his only game for them. Similar to his spell at Chorley, he was hampered by injuries and he returned to Lancaster City in the summer of 2009. Crewe Alexandra After a superb season in which he had scored 30 goals by Christmas, he was signed on a three-year contract by Crewe Alexandra for a fee believed to be in the region of £35,000. Indeed, there had been interest from several clubs including Morecambe, Swindon Town, Derby County, Preston North End, Rochdale, Grimsby Town, Leeds United, Celtic and Motherwell. In fact a move to Motherwell looked the more likely with a deal more or less finalised until manager Jim Gannon left the club. After signing for Crewe he was however loaned back to Lancaster City for the remainder of the season in order to help them with their promotion push. Made his Crewe Alexandra debut as a substitute, replacing Matt Tootle just before half time in the 2nd round League Cup defeat to Ipswich Town. Jordan went on loan to Nantwich Town and scored nine goals in eleven appearances before returning to Crewe. He made his League debut for Crewe in their home game against Cheltenham Town. At the end of the English 2010–11 season, he was loaned to Icelandic club ÍBV, along with midfielder Kelvin Mellor, until July 2011 although returned home early due to injury. Had a loan spell at Kendal scoring five times in eight games before returning to Crewe. He joined Workington on loan in March 2012 and scored on his debut against Solihull Moors For the 2012–13 season, Jordan signed for Conference North league club Workington F.C. although only played a dozen games due to injury. Jordan returned for a third spell with Kendal Town at the start of the 2013–14 season but moved on after just four months to return to hometown club Lancaster City in November 2013. In December 2015, he was signed for Chorley for the second time, by Matt Jansen. After a slow start, Jordan found his goalscoring vein, scoring 6 times in total. He also won the Lancashire cup during this spell. For the start of the 2016–17 season he returned to hometown club Lancaster City for a fourth spell and was back to his prolific best. In May 2017, Connerton moved to Melbourne, Australia, and signed for ninth tier Australian semi-professional club Craigieburn City FC. In his first season at the club, he scored 55 goals in only 17 appearances in a 21 match season, including eight in his team's 13–0 victory over Reservoir Yeti. He became the top goal scorer in his division that season, thirty goals clear of teammate Taner Altanhan. Personal and early life Connerton was born and educated in Lancaster, Lancashire, before he enrolled at Myerscough College near Garstang. Career statistics (Correct as of 5 September 2010) References External links Jordan Connerton Icelandic league stats at ksi.is English men's footballers 1989 births Living people Lancaster City F.C. players Chorley F.C. players Kendal Town F.C. players Crewe Alexandra F.C. players Nantwich Town F.C. players Sportspeople from Lancaster, Lancashire Workington A.F.C. players Expatriate men's footballers in Iceland Íþróttabandalag Vestmannaeyja players Men's association football forwards Footballers from Lancashire
Lea Nass-Arden (, born 27 December 1961) is an Israeli politician who served a member of the Knesset for Likud and as Deputy Minister of Pensioner Affairs. Biography Nass studied for her B.A., M.A. and PhD degrees in biochemistry at Bar-Ilan University, completing her doctorate in 1993. Her research topic was sperm motility. Nass is married to Shlomo Nass, an accountant specializing in liquidations and receiverships, and has five children. Political career After the completion of her PhD she was elected to Giv'at Shmuel city council, and was responsible for city beautification, sanitation, and the environment from 1993 until 2003. In 1998 and from 2002 until 2003, she also served as deputy mayor. She was placed in 36th place on the Likud list for the 2003 elections. At the time, she described herself as "the only religious woman in the Likud". When Likud won 38 seats, she became a Knesset member and chaired the Science and Technology committee. For the 2006 elections she won 17th place on the party's list, but lost her seat as the party was reduced to 12 seats. In the Likud primaries for the 2009 Knesset elections, held on 8 December 2008, she won tenth spot on the list and was the top female candidate. She returned to the Knesset as Likud won 27 seats in the election, and was appointed Deputy Minister of Pensioner Affairs. Prior to the 2013 elections Nass was placed sixtieth on the joint Likud Yisrael Beiteinu list. She left the Knesset after the alliance won 31 seats. References External links 1961 births Living people Bar-Ilan University alumni Academic staff of Bar-Ilan University Women members of the Knesset Likud politicians Members of the 16th Knesset (2003–2006) Members of the 18th Knesset (2009–2013) Deputy ministers of Israel Deputy mayors of places in Israel 21st-century Israeli women politicians
In mathematics, the Riemann Xi function is a variant of the Riemann zeta function, and is defined so as to have a particularly simple functional equation. The function is named in honour of Bernhard Riemann. Definition Riemann's original lower-case "xi"-function, was renamed with an upper-case (Greek letter "Xi") by Edmund Landau. Landau's lower-case ("xi") is defined as for . Here denotes the Riemann zeta function and is the Gamma function. The functional equation (or reflection formula) for Landau's is Riemann's original function, rebaptised upper-case by Landau, satisfies , and obeys the functional equation Both functions are entire and purely real for real arguments. Values The general form for positive even integers is where Bn denotes the n-th Bernoulli number. For example: Series representations The function has the series expansion where where the sum extends over ρ, the non-trivial zeros of the zeta function, in order of . This expansion plays a particularly important role in Li's criterion, which states that the Riemann hypothesis is equivalent to having λn > 0 for all positive n. Hadamard product A simple infinite product expansion is where ρ ranges over the roots of ξ. To ensure convergence in the expansion, the product should be taken over "matching pairs" of zeroes, i.e., the factors for a pair of zeroes of the form ρ and 1−ρ should be grouped together. References Zeta and L-functions Bernhard Riemann
Providence Healthcare can refer to: Providence Healthcare (Toronto) Providence Health Care (Vancouver) Providence Health & Services, United States
Lullatone is a Japanese musical duo based in Nagoya, whose music is characterized by an innocent, childlike quality and spare, lo-fi sounds. Although the group refers to their style of music as "pajama-pop", it is commonly included in such musical subgenres as electronic and indie pop. It is influenced by such diverse sources as bossa nova, French pop music of the 1960s, children's songs and musique concrète. History Lullatone's founder was Shawn James Seymour, a native of Louisville, Kentucky. Its other principal member is Japanese native Yoshimi Tomida. Seymour began musical experimentation during his high school years in the late-1990s, using keyboards and cassette tape recorders. He and Tomida met while both were attending Bellarmine University; she as an exchange student from Japan. They soon became romantically involved and when Tomida's visa was due to expire, Seymour decided to return with her to Japan. In the small apartment they shared in Japan, Seymour began composing music late at night while Tomida slept. So as not to disturb her, the songs he created were lullabies. This was the origin of the name "Lullatone", which is also a reference to Raymond Scott's 1964 album Soothing Sounds for Baby. Seymour and Tomida married in 2005. With Seymour playing a variety of instruments, from the inexpensive Casio SK-1 sampling keyboard to the glockenspiel, melodica, recorders and other compact and simple instruments, and Tomida providing the vocals in both Japanese and English, they recorded their first album in 2003, titled Computer Recital (on the Audio Dregs subsidiary Darla Records). The record was immediately greeted with critical acclaim, garnering considerable attention and reviews from music magazines and independent music blogs such as Pitchfork. Lullatone followed Computer Recital with My Petit Melodies on Japan's Childisc Records, Little Songs about Raindrops in 2005, Plays Pajama Pop Pour Vous in 2006 (both on Audio Dregs), and a self-produced tour EP in 2007 to celebrate their first US tour. Members Shawn James Seymour – vocals, keyboards, percussion, miscellaneous instruments Yoshimi Tomida – vocals, percussion, miscellaneous instruments Discography Studio albums Computer Recital (2003) My Petit Melodies (2003) Little Songs About Raindrops (2004) Plays Pajama Pop Pour Vous (2006) The Bedtime Beat (2008) Songs That Spin in Circles (2009) Looping Lullabies (2010) Elevator Music (2011) Soundtracks for Everyday Adventures (2011) Alarms & Ringers (2011) Thinking About Thursdays (2016) Music for Museum Gift Shops (2019) Compilation albums We Will Rock You... To Sleep: An Introduction to Lullatone (2009) Extended plays Music for Apartments (2003) Summer Songs (2013) Falling for Autumn (2013) While Winter Whispers (2014) The Sounds of Spring (2015) Houseplant Music'' (2020) External links Ambient music groups Electronic music duos Japanese indie pop groups Japanese electronic music groups Musical groups established in 2003 Musical groups from Aichi Prefecture
Husum is an unincorporated community in the White Salmon River Valley in the state of Washington. Under the bridge in Husum, Washington, just miles from Hood River, Oregon and the scenic Columbia Gorge, Husum Falls is a vertical Class V waterfall. References Unincorporated communities in Klickitat County, Washington Unincorporated communities in Washington (state)
Rengse is a small river of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It flows into the Agger near Bergneustadt. See also List of rivers of North Rhine-Westphalia Rivers of North Rhine-Westphalia Rivers of Germany
Sumitra Marandi (born 25 October 1996) is an Indian footballer who plays as a defender for SSB Women Football Club. She has been a member of the India women's national team. Club career Playing for West Bengal, Sumitra scored an own goal during the semifinal match of the 2017–18 Senior Women's National Football Championship against eventual champions Tamil Nadu. International career Sumitra capped for India at senior level during the 2014 SAFF Women's Championship. Honours India SAFF Women's Championship: 2014 References 1996 births Footballers from Jharkhand Living people India women's international footballers Indian women's footballers People from Dhanbad district Sportswomen from Jharkhand Women's association football defenders
Robert Kirkham Birket (17 November 1874 – 18 August 1933) was an English professional footballer who spent his entire ten-year Football League career with Blackpool after signing from Fleetwood Rangers. Birket began his career with Liverpool, but did not make any appearances for the Anfield club before leaving to join Blackpool on 28 July 1896. He made his debut for Blackpool on 14 November 1896, in a 3–1 victory over Lincoln City at Raikes Hall. He scored the hosts' first goal. That was his only appearance in the 1896–97 campaign. Birket made fourteen league appearances the following season, 1897–98, scoring eight goals. In 1898–99, he was the club's top scorer with fifteen goals in his 24 appearances. His efforts were not enough to keep Blackpool in the Football League, however: they failed to be re-elected, along with Darwen. In Blackpool's one season in League exile, 1899–90, Birket became the first Blackpool to score a hat-trick. It came against Darwen on 16 November 1899. He also scored five in a Boxing Day victory over Stockport County and four against Wigan Athletic on 17 March 1900. Birket continued his scoring ways for Blackpool's first season back in the Football League, with ten strikes, again finishing as the club's top scorer. For the second half of the 1901–02 campaign, Birket was moved to the right-back position. As to be expected his goals dried up and he found the net only twice in his 26 appearances. He continued in the right-back berth for the remainder of his career, with the majority of his infrequent goals coming from the penalty spot. Birket played his last game on 22 September 1906, just four games into Blackpool's 1906–07 campaign. Death Birket died in 1933 in Blackpool at the age of 58. He is interred in Marton Burial Ground. See also List of one-club men References Further reading Calley, Roy (1992-10-20). Blackpool: A Complete Record, 1887–1992, Breedon Books Publishing Co Ltd, 1874 births English men's footballers Men's association football forwards Liverpool F.C. players Blackpool F.C. players 1933 deaths People from the Borough of Fylde Fleetwood Rangers F.C. players Footballers from Lancashire
is a small asteroid and near-Earth object of the Apollo group, approximately in diameter. It was first observed on 18 January 2018, by astronomers of the Catalina Sky Survey at Mount Lemmon Observatory, Arizona, United States, just hours before passing about 0.10 lunar distances of the Earth. Orbit and classification 2018 BD is an Apollo asteroid. It orbits the Sun at a distance of 0.75–1.36 AU once every 13 months (395 days; semi-major axis of 1.05 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.29 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic. The object has an exceptionally low minimum orbital intersection distance with Earth of , or 0.002 lunar distances. 2018 approach Physical characteristics Based on a generic magnitude-to-diameter conversion, measures between 2 and 6 meters in diameter, for an absolute magnitude of 30.154, and an assumed albedo between 0.05 and 0.20, which represent typical values for carbonaceous and a bright E-type asteroids, respectively. As of 2018, no rotational lightcurve of this object has been obtained from photometric observations. The body's rotation period, pole and shape remain unknown. Numbering and naming This minor planet has neither been numbered nor named. References See also List of asteroid close approaches to Earth in 2018 External links Flyby diagram of 2018 BD, Minor Planet Center Asteroid 2018 BD missed Earth by just 0.10 LD on January 18, The Watchers, 18 January 2018 A new asteroid was discovered just seven hours before cruising past Earth, BGR.com, 19 January 2018 Minor planet object articles (unnumbered) Discoveries by the Catalina Sky Survey Near-Earth objects in 2018 20180118
FC Bazenheid is a football team based in Bazenheid, Switzerland. They play in the 2. Liga Interregional, currently the highest tier they reached within the Swiss football pyramid. Former players include Elsad Zverotic and Philipp Muntwiler. References External links Official Website Association football clubs established in 1938 Bazenheid,FC 1938 establishments in Switzerland
Harpalus terrestris is a species of ground beetle in the subfamily Harpalinae. It was described by Victor Motschulsky in 1844. References terrestris Beetles described in 1844
The Srinagar Metro is a light rail transit planned for the city of Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The plans for the Srinagar Metro have been finalised with the work expected to start once the project gets nod from union cabinet. The proposed network will have two corridors. Each corridor of Srinagar metro will have 12 stations each with the total cost expected to be ₹5,559 crore. Former Delhi Metro Rail Corporation (DMRC) chief E. Sreedharan, who is popularly known as 'Metro Man' following his success in Konkan railway and Delhi Metro, was appointed as the project head. History Jammu and Kashmir state government has planned to introduce a metro rail system in cities of Srinagar and Jammu which respectively serve as Summer and winter capital of the state. The government had hired an infrastructure development enterprise, RITES to conduct a traffic analysis. The government has planned to approach Delhi Metro Rail Corporation for a detailed project including feasibility and financial viability. The Detailed Project Report (DPR) was completed by RITES and it was submitted to the Ministry of Home and Urban Affairs. The two projects in Jammu and Srinagar respectively were estimated to cost around ₹10,559 crores, with each project expected to be completed by 2024 if the Union Cabinet gives the nod. Lieutenant governor, Manoj Sinha said that the tendering process will be initiated once the project is reviewed and approved by PMO and Union Cabinet. As of 4th July 2023, the Jammu and Kashmir administration has proposed the introduction of MetroLite lines in Srinagar and Jammu cities, as reported by The Indian Express. This development aims to improve the public transportation system in the region and will be the first metro lines to be established in Jammu and Kashmir. The proposed project includes a 25 km line in Srinagar and a 23 km line in Jammu. The administration's decision to opt for the MetroLite system, with its lower capital and operational costs, reflects the unique requirements and feasibility of the region. The implementation of these metro lines is expected to enhance connectivity and provide commuters with a more convenient and efficient mode of transportation. Route Two elevated corridors have been planned in Phase 1, with an estimated ridership of 200,000 by the year 2027. The Line 2 is planned to be extended until Srinagar Airport in phase 2. The depot is set to be constructed near HMT Junction of Line 1. See also Urban rail transit in India Aerial lift in India References Proposed rapid transit in Jammu and Kashmir Transport in Srinagar
Banacek is an American detective TV series starring George Peppard that aired on the NBC network from 1972 to 1974. The series was part of the rotating NBC Wednesday Mystery Movie anthology. It alternated in its time slot with several other shows, but was the only one of them to last beyond its first season. Premise Peppard played Thomas Banacek, a Polish-American freelance, Boston-based private investigator who solves seemingly impossible thefts. He collects from the insurance companies 10% of the insured value of the recovered property. One of Banacek's verbal signatures is the quotation of strangely worded yet curiously cogent "Polish proverbs" such as: "An old Polish proverb says, 'A wolf that takes a peasant to supper probably won't need any breakfast.'" "If you're not sure that it's potato borscht, there could be orphans working in the mines." "When an owl comes to a mouse picnic, it's not there for the sack races." "Though the hippopotamus has no sting in its tail, the wise man would prefer to be sat upon by the bee." "A truly wise man never plays leapfrog with a unicorn." "When a wolf is chasing your sleigh, throw him a raisin cookie, but don't stop to bake a cake." "Just because the cat has her kittens in the oven doesn't make them biscuits." "You can read all the books in the library my son, but the cheese will still smell after four days." "No matter how warm the smile on the face of the Sun, the cat still has her kittens under the porch." "Even a one thousand zloty note cannot tap dance." "Only the centipede can hear all the hundred footsteps of his uncle." Part of the joke is that Ralph Manza, as Banacek's chauffeur Jay Drury, will often ask "What does it mean, Boss?" Banacek also has a running agreement with his chauffeur for a 10% share of Banacek's 10% if he solved the crime. Mr. Drury is never at a loss for a potential solution that Banacek always manages to shoot down with his very next line. Another recurring gag is for other characters—particularly his rivals— to mispronounce his name deliberately. The name "Banaczek" (as pronounced in the show) is actually quite rare in Poland. Murray Matheson plays seller of rare books and information source Felix Mulholland, a character always ready with a droll remark and who exhibits a passion for chess and jigsaw puzzles. He is also the series' only character to ever call Banacek by his first name. Recurring characters include insurance company executive Cavanaugh (George Murdock), Banacek's rival and some-time love interest Carlie Kirkland (Christine Belford), and another insurance investigator/rival Fennyman/Henry DeWitt (Linden Chiles). Banacek lives on historic Beacon Hill in Boston. While he has a limousine and driver, he also owns and sometimes drives an antique 1941 Packard convertible. Both vehicles are equipped with mobile radio telephones at a time when such devices are uncommon and expensive. Banacek is intelligent, well-educated, cultured, and suave. An unapologetic ladies' man who enjoys the company of beautiful women, he is also street-smart and can engage in hand-to-hand combat when the need arises; in one episode he mentions having learned combat judo in the Marine Corps, which is probably a reference to George Peppard's two-year enlistment in the Marine Corps, being discharged at the rank of Corporal. He grew up in Scollay Square and a childhood acquaintance described him as the neighborhood jock who excelled in all sports. For recreation he jogs, plays squash, engages in weekend touch football and sculling on the Charles River. Cast George Peppard as Thomas Banacek Ralph Manza as Jay Drury Murray Matheson as Felix Mulholland Christine Belford as Carlie Kirkland George Murdock as Cavanaugh Production In general, the series was shot on the Universal Studios backlot, though location scenes were filmed around Los Angeles in areas that could pass for Boston, or rural areas near there. The episode titled "If Max Is So Smart, Why Doesn't He Tell Us Where He Is?" was shot on location at the California Institute of the Arts around the time the school first opened. "Ten Thousand Dollars a Page" was filmed at the Pasadena Art Museum, later known as the Pasadena Museum of Modern Art and now the Norton Simon Museum of Art. "Horse of a Slightly Different Color" was filmed at Hollywood Park Racetrack, now the site of SoFi Stadium. A customized 1969 American Motors AMX was built by George Barris for the second regular-season episode. The car became known as the AMX-400 and it is now owned by an automobile collector. Other continuing cars in the series were a 1941 Packard 180 with a Victoria body designed by Howard "Dutch" Darrin (license plate number 178344), a 1973 Corvette (driven by Ms. Kirkland) and a 1973 Cadillac Fleetwood limousine (mobile telephone number KL 17811). In keeping with both the exotic car theme and the humor between Banacek and his driver Jay Drury, he was even chauffeured around in a Willys MB, Jeep CJ2A, and a CJ6, as well as a brand new Ford/De Tomaso Pantera. In preparation for the pilot and then the first and second seasons, the cast went to Boston and filmed a variety of background scenes. These scenes were then used through the series and are especially shown in the opening scenes, including Banacek rowing on the Charles River and walking through Government Center. In the pilot, Banacek's car pulls into his Beacon Hill home, the historic Second Harrison Gray Otis House located at 85 Mount Vernon Street. In other episodes, views are shown of the Public Garden, the entry to Felix's bookstore at 50 Beacon Street, and the Esplanade. The Boston-filmed pieces were done by a second unit and directed by Peppard himself. Reception Although the show had a mixture of humor and rather intricate plots, it never generated strong ratings. Despite this, the show was well received by critics. In addition, the Polish American Congress gave the series an award for portraying Polish Americans in a good manner. Cancellation Banacek was well-received by television critics, and, as a result, was picked up for a third season. However, before the third season could start, Peppard quit the show to prevent his ex-wife Elizabeth Ashley from receiving a larger percentage of his earnings as part of their divorce settlement. The complication ended any chance of reviving Banacek during Peppard's lifetime. A&E continued rebroadcasts of Banacek in syndication. Episodes can presently be seen Saturday afternoons on CoziTᴠ. In popular culture The mentalist Steven Shaw adopted his stage name "Banachek" after the television program. In 2018, Banacek was the subject of an episode-length parody in The Simpsons ("Homer Is Where the Art Isn't"), referencing items from the series' storytelling format to its establishing shots, including Goldenberg's theme music. The show was referenced by the band Fun Lovin' Criminals in the lyrics of its 1998 single "Love Unlimited". The character Banacek was referenced in The Simpsons "Treehouse of Horror III" segment "Dial Z for Zombies" when Bart tries cast a spell to rid Springfield of the Zombies he unleashed by intoning the magic words "Kojak, Mannix, Banacek, Danno..." (All names of 1970s TV detectives.) In the episode Homer Is Where the Art Isn't, a parody of Peppard's character, named Manacek, is introduced (voiced by Bill Hader, and the episode is patterned closely after a typical Banacek outing, in this case relating to a stolen work of art that Homer tried to buy at auction. Manacek romances Marge in the course of the episode, saying that seducing a beautiful woman is part of his 'process' for solving a mystery. Banacek has a clear resemblance to the title character of the Steve McQueen movie The Thomas Crown Affair, particularly in his attitude towards women and authority. The house used for exterior shots of Thomas Crown's home in Boston was used for Banacek's home in the series. Both the film and the show revolve around insurance investigations, but in the series Banacek is solving crimes, not committing them. Episodes Pilot: 1972 Season 1: 1972–73 Season 2: 1973–74 Home media Arts Alliance America has released the entire series on DVD in Region 1. Season one was released on May 15, 2007, without the series pilot. Season two was released on January 22, 2008, and included the pilot episode. On September 30, 2008, Arts Alliance released Banacek: The Complete Series, a five-disc box set featuring all 17 episodes. In Region 2, Fabulous Films released both seasons on DVD in the UK on February 10, 2014. In Region 4, Madman Entertainment has released both seasons on DVD in Australia. References External links 1972 American television series debuts 1974 American television series endings 1970s American drama television series 1970s American crime television series English-language television shows NBC Mystery Movie NBC original programming Television shows set in Boston Television series by Universal Television Works about Polish-American culture
Peter McGibbon (August 19, 1873 – October 10, 1936) was a Canadian politician. Biography Born in St. Thomas, Ontario, McGibbon was a physician by profession. During World War I, he was a medical officer with the 1st Black Watch and the 8th Royal Berkshire Regiment. He was awarded the Military Cross in 1915. A city councillor for the city of Bracebridge, Ontario, he was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada for the electoral district of Muskoka in 1917 as a Unionist. He was defeated in 1921 but was re-elected in 1925 as a Conservative for the newly created electoral district of Muskoka—Ontario. He was defeated in 1935. References Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario People from St. Thomas, Ontario Canadian recipients of the Military Cross 1873 births 1936 deaths
Arif Hiqmeti, born Arif Neziri (1870s–1916), was one of the leaders of the Peasant Revolt in Albania. Early life Arif Hiqmeti was born in 1870s in Lojane, a small village near Kumanovo in what is now North Macedonia, to an Albanian family. His father was a tradesman. Hiqmeti received the first lessons from a Muslim clergyman in the village. Since at a young age he showed intelligence and good communication skills. His family's powerful friends enabled him to study Law in Istanbul. After finishing studies, Hiqmeti was given a job as an agent of Hilmi Pasha. Ottoman service Due to his skills and knowledge of several languages, he later became a secret agent of the Ottoman Empire. During that time Hiqmeti showed a staunch support for the religious policies and nature of the empire, and a disapproval of nationalist ideals that were emerging among Balkan populations. In early 20th century he was sent to the Malësia region to persuade leaders of Albanian revolts for independence to accept official Ottoman posts and stop revolting. After failing to find an agreement with leaders of Malësia, Hiqmeti began to visit many Muslim religious buildings and families across area with Albanian populations, spreading pro-Ottoman propaganda. In 1910 Hiqmeti with some collaborators of him organized at the center of Skopje a meeting where he spoke against the Congress of Manastir and its adoption of a Latin alphabet for writing in Albanian. For the same reason meetings were held in the coming weeks in other settlements with Albanian populations. According to contemporary documents, the meetings did find very few supporters among ordinary people. Haxhi Qamili Revolt After Albania declared independence, in 1914 Hiqmeti was involved in the Peasant Revolt led by Haxhi Qamili and which had as its goal the removal of Prince Wilhelm Wied from power. The revolt gathered support from some pro-Ottoman peasants who believed that the new regime of the Principality of Albania was a tool of the six Christian Great Powers and the landowners that owned half of the arable land. However the revolt did not have success and soon it was suppressed. In 1916 Hiqmeti was shot dead by Albanian patriots from Dibra. Legacy According to Selim Islami, Kristo Frashëri and Aleks Buda, Arif Hiqmeti was regarded by Albanians in 1968 as a symbol of anti-democratic movements and misusage of religious ideals for personal profit. References People from Kumanovo People from Kosovo vilayet Albanian people from the Ottoman Empire 1916 deaths Istanbul University Faculty of Law alumni
The 2019 Pennzoil 400 presented by Jiffy Lube was a Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series race held on March 3, 2019, at Las Vegas Motor Speedway in Las Vegas. Contested over 267 laps on the asphalt intermediate speedway, it was the third race of the 2019 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series season. Report Background Las Vegas Motor Speedway, located in Clark County, Nevada outside the Las Vegas city limits and about 15 miles northeast of the Las Vegas Strip, is a complex of multiple tracks for motorsports racing. The complex is owned by Speedway Motorsports, Inc., which is headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. Entry list First practice Austin Dillon was the fastest in the first practice session with a time of 29.951 seconds and a speed of . Qualifying Kevin Harvick scored the pole for the race with a time of 29.914 and a speed of . Qualifying results Practice (post-qualifying) Second practice Second practice session scheduled for Saturday was cancelled due to rain. Final practice Austin Dillon was the fastest in the final practice session with a time of 30.299 seconds and a speed of . Race Stage Results Stage One Laps: 80 Stage Two Laps: 80 Final Stage Results Stage Three Laps: 107 Race statistics Lead changes: 19 among 9 different drivers Cautions/Laps: 2 for 12 (both for end of stage breaks; first race to go without an incident-related caution since the 2012 Auto Club 400, which went green until the race-ending caution for rain) Red flags: 0 Time of race: 2 hours, 35 minutes and 11 seconds Average speed: Media Television Fox Sports covered their 19th race at the Las Vegas Motor Speedway. Mike Joy, 2001 race winner Jeff Gordon and Darrell Waltrip called from the booth for the race. Jamie Little, Vince Welch and Matt Yocum handled the pit road duties for the television side. Radio PRN covered the radio call for the race which was simulcasted on Sirius XM NASCAR Radio. Doug Rice and Mark Garrow called the race in the booth when the field raced through the tri-oval. Rob Albright called the race from a billboard in turn 2 when the field raced through turns 1 and 2. Pat Patterson called the race from a billboard outside of turn 3 when the field raced through turns 3 and 4. Brad Gillie, Brett McMillan, Wendy Venturini and Heather DeBeaux worked pit road for the radio side. Standings after the race Drivers' Championship standings Manufacturers' Championship standings Note: Only the first 16 positions are included for the driver standings. References 2019 in sports in Nevada 2019 Monster Energy NASCAR Cup Series March 2019 sports events in the United States NASCAR races at Las Vegas Motor Speedway
Houssein Hassan Rizk (, ; born 1 January 1997) is a Lebanese footballer who plays as a midfielder for club Shabab Sahel. Club career Nabi Chit Rizk began his career with Nabi Chit during the 2017–18 Lebanese Premier League season; he scored three goals in 20 games, helping his side avoid relegation by finishing in 10th place. Shabab Sahel On 6 July 2018, Rizk joined newly-promoted Lebanese Premier League side Shabab Sahel. In 2018–19 Rizk played 20 games, scoring once. He helped Shabab Sahel win their first Lebanese Elite Cup in 2019, beating Ansar in the final on penalty shoot-outs. On 3 January 2021, Rizk sustained an ACL injury to his right knee, in a league match against Nejmeh. He renewed his contract for two further seasons on 10 May. Rizk sustained another ACL injury, to his left knee, in February 2022; he underwent surgery. International career Rizk made his debut for the Lebanon national team on 15 October 2019, coming on as a substitute in a 3–0 away win against Sri Lanka in the 2022 FIFA World Cup qualifiers. Career statistics International Honours Shabab Sahel Lebanese Elite Cup: 2019 References External links 1997 births Living people People from Tyre District Lebanese men's footballers Lebanon men's international footballers Men's association football midfielders Lebanese Premier League players Shabab Baalbeck SC players Shabab Al Sahel FC players Lebanon men's youth international footballers
In high-energy astrophysics, a photo-meson is a meson (most often a pion) produced in the interaction of a photon with a nucleon within an astrophysical object. This interaction is commonly referred to as photo-hadronic process. The decay of charged mesons ultimately results in the production of neutrinos and electrons, with muons as an intermediate state. The decay of neutral mesons produces high-energy gamma-rays. Photo-meson production is one of the hadronic processes that can occur in cosmic ray sources as gamma-ray bursts and active galactic nuclei, and that can result in an observable multi-messenger signature. References Astrophysics
Stepwells are wells in which the water is reached by steps. They are most commonly found in western India especially Gujarat where over 120 such wells are reported. The origin of the stepwell may be traced to reservoirs of the cities of the Indus Valley civilization such as Dholavira and Mohenjo-daro. The stepwells were constructed in the south western region of Gujarat around 600 AD. From there they spread north to Rajasthan and subsequently to north and west India. Construction activities accelerated during the tenth to 13th century during the Chaulukya and Vaghela periods. The construction of these stepwells hit its peak during the 11th to 16th century. The Muslim rulers of the 13th to 16th century did not disrupt the culture that was practiced in these stepwells and encouraged the building of stepwells. The wells lost their significance in the 19th century due to introduction of water pumps and pipe-systems. Ancient period The stepped well may have originated to ensure water during drought periods. The water is considered sacred from the time of Vedas and the steps to reach the water level in artificially construed reservoirs can be found in the sites of Indus Valley civilization such as Dholavira and Mohenjo-daro. 2nd-10th century The earliest example of a bath-like pond reached by steps is found at the Uparkot caves in Junagadh. These caves have been dated to the fourth century. Navghan Kuvo, a well with circular staircase, in the vicinity, is another example. It was possibly built in the Western Satrap (200-400 AD) or Maitraka (600-700 AD) period though some place it as late as the 11th century. The nearby Adi Kadi Vav is constructed either in the second half of the 10th century or 15th century. The earliest stepwells are found at Dhank in Rajkot district of Gujarat; they are dated to the pre-Chalukyan period. The nearby Bochavdi stepwell near Bochavdi Nes in Alech hills is slightly earlier than two other stepwells in Dhank. These are the Jhilani stepwell dated to 600 AD and the Manjushri stepwell dated to the early seventh century based on their Saurastra style architecture. 10th-12th century The stepwell as a form of artistic architecture started during the Chaulukya period. The stepwell situated west of kund of Modhera Sun Temple may belong to the 11th century whereas the mandapa above ground is from the 10th century. The Rani ki vav (the Queen's stepwell) of Patan was constructed around 1050 AD. Ankol Mata stepwell at Davad and Mata Bhavani's Stepwell in Ahmedabad belonged to the third quarter of the 11th century. Several stepwells are ascribed to Minaldevi, the mother of Chaulukya ruler Jayasimha Siddharaja. The lake in Viramgam and a stepwell in Nadiad are ascribed to her. The Minal stepwell in Balej village in Sabarkantha district is ascribed to her and was built in 1095 AD (Samvat 1152). Another Minaldevi Vav in Virpur in Rajkot district is also ascribed to her and has stylistic affinities to Chaulukya architecture. Asapuri stepwell of Ahmedabad and the stepwell of Jhinjhuwada are of the 12th century. The Chaumukhi stepwell of Chobari in Surendranagar district depicts religious figures similar to nearby temples. The stepwell in Dhandhalpur is ascribed to Jayasimha Siddharaja. During the reign of Kumarapala in the 12th century, several stepwells were constructed. The stepwell at Vayad near Patan was built during this time. Ganga stepwell at Wadhwan has been dated to 1169 AD (Samvat 1225). During the later years of the Chaulukya period, construction slowed down due to political unrest. The Vikia and Jetha stepwells near Navlakha Temple, Ghumli near the Barda hills belonged to the 13th century. The Gyan stepwell near Visavada village in the Barda hills is ascribed to the time of Bhima II. The ruined stepwell of nearby Keshav village is of the same period. 12th-13th century The Ra Khengar stepwell between Vanthali and Junagadh is stated to be constructed by Tejapala of the Vastupala-Tejapala, the brother-ministers in Vaghela court. It belongs to the early Vaghela period. Visaldev of Vaghela dynasty built the stepwell along with gates and temples at Dabhoi, completed in 1255. The Satmukhi stepwell in Dabhoi is a temple built over a tank with seven wells ascribed to him. The Madhavav in Wadhwan was built in 1294 AD (Vikram Samvat 1350) by Nagar Brahmin Madha and Keshav, the ministers in court of the last Vaghela ruler Karna. The Batris Kotha stepwell in Kapadvanj may have belonged to the 13th century due to its similarity with the Madha and Vikia stepwells. 14th-15th century A large number of stepwells were constructed in the 14th century. Sodhali stepwell in Mangrol was built in 1319 AD (V. S. 1375) by Vali Sodhala of Modha caste. The Brahma Vav near the Brahma temple of Khedbrahma belonged to the 14th century judged by its style. The Suda stepwell in Mahuva (1381 AD), Hani stepwell in Dhandhusar (1389–1333 AD) and Siddhnath Mahadev stepwell in Dholka were built during Tughluq rule in Gujarat. The stepwell of Sampa near Ahmedabad was built in 1328 AD. The Rajba stepwell of Rampura near Wadhwan and the Wadhwani stepwell in Khambhat were built in 1483 and 1482 respectively based on the earlier Madha stepwell of Wadhwan. The Dada Harir Stepwell was built in 1499 by the harem lady of Mahmud Begada. The two stepwells in Kaleshwari-Ni Nal near Lunawada belongs to 14-15th century but the iconography in it belongs to 10th century. During this period, the religious aspect of stepwells lost its significance. The stepwell of Sodali village near Mahemdavad and the stepwell in Mahemdavad itself, both of which belonged to the 15th century rule of Mahmud Begada, are its example. The two stepwells found in and around Vadodara are of the 15th century; one is near Sewasi village (V. S. 1537) and the other is the Navalakhi stepwell (1405 AD) of Laxmi Vilas Palace. The Adalaj Stepwell was constructed by Rudabai in 1499 AD. A nearby stepwell in Chhatral also belongs to the same period. 16th-18th century The Nagabawa stepwell in Dhrangdhra (1525 AD) and Jiva Mehta stepwell in Morbi are of the same style and period. The stepwell of Roho (1560 AD) was built by Champa, the wife of Raja Shri Nanaji and her daughter. There are also important stepwells in Palanpur and Jhinjhuwada. Several stepwells are plain in design without any ornamentation which makes it difficult to ascertain their period, but they may belong to the 16th or 17th century. Such stepwells are in Hampur and Idar, as well as the Matri stepwell in Kankavati and Gyaneshwari stepwell in Modhera. The stepwell of Mandva in north Gujarat is similar to that of Mahemdavad so may belong to that period. The Sindhvai Mata stepwell in Patan has an inscription dating to 1633 AD. The Ravli stepwell of Mangrol is of the 17th century. The stepwell in Limboi near Idar has Chaulukya style ornamentation and has been dated to 1629 AD. The Amritavarshini Vav in Ahmedabad, completed in 1723, is L-shaped. 19th-20th century The authorities during the British Raj found the hygiene of the stepwells less than desirable and installed pipe and pump systems to replace their purpose. Jethabhai's Stepwell in Isanpur, Ahmedabad was completed in the 1860s for irrigation. The stepwell of Wankaner palace was built by erstwhile rulers in the 1930s as a cool place of retreat for the royal family. It was built in white sandstone and is the last monument of its kind. Due to waterpumps and pipe-systems, the stepwells lost their significance and due to economic cost, they were not constructed thereafter. See also Architecture of Gujarat Boter Kothani Vav Sanitation in the Indus Valley Civilization History of water supply and sanitation References Bibliography Cultural history of Gujarat Indian architectural history
This is a list of insulation materials used around the world. Typical R-values are given for various materials and structures as approximations based on the average of available figures and are sorted by lowest value. R-value at 1 m gives R-values normalised to a thickness and sorts by median value of the range. References Building insulation materials
Roxy Earle (born August 3, 1983) is a Canadian reality television personality, entrepreneur, and business executive. Earle is the founder of the Luxurious Roxy lifestyle brand and is most well known for being a star of the reality television series, The Real Housewives of Toronto. Early life and education Earle was born and raised in Toronto, Ontario. She first attended Etobicoke School of the Arts in Toronto, majoring in theatre at the school. Earle then attended Wilfrid Laurier University, graduating from the school with a degree in business and communications. Career After graduating from university, Earle worked as an account executive at ad agency, Ogilvy & Mather for five years. Following this, while still at Ogilvy & Mather, Earle worked in London as the Global Account Director for the agency’s American Express account, where she managed the Europe, Middle East and Africa region for American Express. After returning to Toronto, Earle became the manager of advertising and sponsorship for American Express Canada. In 2021, Roxy co-founded the mental wellness and women's health app, Ana. Ana provides mindset practices and informational tools to support women through journeys in women's health, mental health, work life, and self-love. Ana has been featured by various media outlets, notably being featured in the Vancouver Sun "It List" in 2022. Lifestyle brand and body positive activism Earle runs a lifestyle brand that she founded called Luxurious Roxy. She also served as the Collaborating Creative Director of the Roxy Earle x Le Château, a fashion line made in partnership with Canadian retailer Le Château, which caters to women from size 0-22W. Earle’s line with Le Château launched in Toronto in June 2018 and included more than 40 clothing designs and 18 accessory styles. She is the first person to include sizes 0-22 in Canadian retail stores. Earle’s clothes have been worn by stars like Lena Dunham and Chrissy Metz. Earle also launched a swimwear line in collaboration with body positive intimates company Knix, featuring a photoshoot with Earle and several other body positive influencers. In 2019, Earle was given a Visionary Award by Fashion Group International Toronto for her work in empowering women. She also started the hashtag #MySizeRox and partnered with Instagram to speak about body image. References 1983 births Living people Businesspeople from Toronto Canadian business executives Participants in Canadian reality television series Etobicoke School of the Arts alumni
Sir William Fothergill Cooke (4 May 1806 – 25 June 1879) was an English inventor. He was, with Charles Wheatstone, the co-inventor of the Cooke-Wheatstone electrical telegraph, which was patented in May 1837. Together with John Ricardo he founded the Electric Telegraph Company, the world's first public telegraph company, in 1846. He was knighted in 1869. Life He was born at Ealing, Middlesex; his father, William Cooke, was a surgeon there, and later was appointed professor of anatomy at the University of Durham. He was educated at Durham School and at the University of Edinburgh, and at the age of 20 entered the Indian Army. After five years' service in India Cooke returned home; then studied medicine in Paris, and at Heidelberg under Georg Wilhelm Munke. In 1836 he saw electric telegraphy, then only experimental: Munke had illustrated his lectures with a telegraphic apparatus on the principle introduced by Pavel Schilling in 1835. Cooke decided to put the invention into practical operation with the railway systems; and gave up medicine. Early in 1837 Cooke returned to England, with introductions to Michael Faraday and Peter Mark Roget. Through them he was introduced to Charles Wheatstone, who in 1834 gave the Royal Society an account of experiments on the velocity of electricity. Cooke had already constructed a system of telegraphing with three needles on Schilling's principle, and made designs for a mechanical alarm. He had also made some progress in negotiating with the Liverpool & Manchester Railway for the use of his telegraphs. Cooke and Wheatstone went into partnership in May 1837; Cooke handled the business side. Wheatstone and Cooke's first patent was taken out within a month and was "for improvements in giving signals and sounding alarms in distant places by means of electric currents transmitted through electric circuits". Cooke now tested the invention, with the London & Blackwall Railway, the London & Birmingham Railway, and the Great Western Railway companies, successively allowing the use of their lines for the experiment. A five needle model of telegraph was given up as too expensive. In 1838 an improvement reduced the number of needles to two, and a patent for this was taken out by Cooke and Wheatstone. Before a parliamentary committee on railways in 1840, Wheatstone stated that he had, with Cooke, obtained a new patent for a telegraphic arrangement; the new apparatus required only a single pair of wires. But the telegraph was still too costly for general purposes. In 1845, however, Cooke and Wheatstone succeeded in producing the single needle apparatus, which they patented, and from that time the electric telegraph became a practical instrument, soon adopted on all the railway lines of the country. In the meantime a priority dispute arose between Cooke and Wheatstone. An arrangement was come to in 1843 by which several patents were assigned to Cooke, with the reservation of a mileage royalty to Wheatstone; and in 1846 the Electric Telegraph Company was formed in conjunction with Cooke, the company paying £120,000 for Cooke and Wheatstone's earlier patents. Cooke later tried to obtain an extension of the original patents, but the judicial committee of the Privy Council decided that Cooke and Wheatstone had been sufficiently remunerated. The Albert Medal of the Royal Society of Arts was awarded on equal terms to Cooke and Wheatstone in 1867; and two years later Cooke was knighted, Wheatstone having had the same honour conferred upon him the year before. A civil list pension was granted to Cooke in 1871. He died on 25 June 1879. In May 1994, British Rail Telecommunications named locomotive 20075 Sir William Cooke. See also Samuel Morse Notes References Attribution Further reading External links - See Appendix, Chapter III Biography of Sir William Fothergill Cooke Biography from the Institution of Engineering and Technology 1806 births 1879 deaths 19th-century British inventors People from Ealing Telegraph engineers and inventors
John Dawson Ainsworth (6 June 1864 – 31 March 1946) was a British administrator in East Africa who played a significant role in the development of the East Africa Protectorate. Early life Ainsworth was born in Urmston near Manchester, England in June 1864. His family relocated to Rhys in Wales and here he was educated privately. East Africa Ainsworth went to the Congo to trade, and in 1889 he joined the Imperial British East Africa Company (IBEAC) as the Principal Transport Officer. In 1892 he was posted to Machakos to replace George Leith, a drunkard who was hated by the Kamba people who inhabited the region. Ainsworth spent his first twenty months constructing a stone fort and was quickly recognised for his efficiency and ability to provide travelling caravans with fresh milk, fruit and vegetables. From his fort in Machakos, Ainsworth produced approximately 400,000 pounds of food a year for caravans. He also planted a flower garden within the fort, growing mignonettes, nasturtiums and sunflowers. He was assisted at the fort by a garrison of fifty Africans employed by the IBEAC and it was not until October 1894 that he was joined by a fellow European when he was sent C.R.W Lane as an assistant. Ainsworth was able to maintain good relations with the Kamba and developed a personal liking for the tribe. One traveller described his administration as "tactful" and the fort as "homely". He was regarded as being more sympathetic towards Africans than other officials at the time. In 1903, Ainsworth argued for the creation of reservations for Africans. He believed that land alienation was causing resentment amongst locals and argued Africans would benefit from having their own territory where they could live freely from European settler pressures. He was highly cautious of mixing between Africans and Europeans at the time, noting settler attitudes towards Africans and believing the risk of violence high if such contact was to continue unregulated. Ainsworth was however an advocate of missionaries working with Africans. In 1912, he recommended a universal scheme of primary education. He believed education was a vital tool to raise the status of Africans and allow them to better understand the conditions and compete within the new society. Ainsworth developed a reputation amongst European settlers as a pro-native officer. As Provincial Commissioner in Nyanza he promoted African agriculture and stressed the importance in Africans becoming industrious in their own areas. Lord Delamere accused him of turning the Kamba into drunkards and idlers by trying to promote their agricultural development rather than encouraging them to work for wages on European estates. In 1918 he was appointed Chief Native Commissioner, a move which was opposed by the Convention of Associations. Ainsworth was opposed to the forced labour of Africans and in 1913 claimed that it would have disastrous effects, building up resentment amongst Africans, and making them an intractable and inefficient workforce. On the contrary, Ainsworth believed it important to educate Africans, promoting their economic development and increasing their wants in order to enhance the labour supply. Despite this in 1919 he was criticised by some for his association with the infamous labour circulation in 1919. He resigned from his post in 1920. Later life Ainsworth retired in 1920. He returned briefly to Manchester before settling in Somerset West, Cape Town in South Africa. Here he was elected as a councillor in 1927 and as Mayor in 1929. He died in Cape Town on 31 March 1946. Personal life During his initial years at Machakos fort, Ainsworth was known to have relationships with Kamba women. In 1897 he married Anne Scott, daughter of American missionaries, at Machakos. References 1864 births 1946 deaths British emigrants to British Kenya
CESI - Centro Elettrotecnico Sperimentale Italiano "Giacinto Motta" is a company that provides testing and certification services, energy consultancy, engineering and technology consulting for the electricity sector worldwide. CESI is headquartered in Milan, Italy and was founded in 1956. It currently has offices and laboratories in five continents and over 70 countries. History CESI was founded in 1956. The strong necessity of doing experimental tests and network studies persuaded the big electromechanical industries (Pirelli, SAE, Ercole Marelli, Ansaldo), together with the majority of electrical industries (Edison, SADE, Montecatini, Falck), of the need of a “Great Power laboratory”. In the early 50s, the “X Laboratory” was born. At the end of the 50s, CESI is developed a leadership in the determination of short-circuit powers inside the transmission lines and in load flows’ problems. In the 1958, its international aim is attested thanks to an important commission: the study of the system El Chocón Dam – Buenos Aires for the construction of two hydroelectric plants. The problems of the unification of electrical frequencies and of the interconnection networks, enabling energy interchange between an “island” and another and consequently achieve Italian electrical system unity, lead to the establishment in 1962 of ENEL. In the 1964, ENEL decided to use CESI's laboratories to make targeted studies for its operative activity. The company purchased the majority of the capital of CESI. CESI, under the boost of the increase in electricity consumption, built new laboratories, also for high voltage cable tests. This gave birth to the “1000 kV’s Project”, which was realized for the transport of energy and high voltage on the Italian electrical networks. The “1000 kV’s Project” was a key step in the history of electrical industry's research, not only in Italy but also in the world. In 1988, CESI signed a convention with IMQ which bring to fruition the CSQ (Certified Quality Systems). At December 1989, ENEL charged CESI with a research project to be finished in three years: the Energy storage for a stationary and vehicular use. The topic was the application of the electrical battery not only on traditional power plants but especially on non traditional ones, like photovoltaic and wind power. The project faced off the development and industrialization of pioneering batteries and, at the same time, wanted to realized prototypes of electric vehicles with a highest degree of innovation. In 2002, CESI acquired the Piacenza's laboratory from ENEL Produzione, which has integrated and extended the offer of monitoring systems for thermoelectric plants during the operation and maintenance. In addition, the company got the hydraulic and structural pole from ENEL; ENEL Hydro S.p.A. which delivers services for hydroelectric power plants. ISMES was purchased in 2004 and, thanks to the deal, CESI increased its competences in land conservation, natural hazards and qualification of civil structures and industrial plants, preservation of monuments and monitoring services. 2005 saw CESI's expertise in laboratory testing being extended through the acquisition of IPH GmbH (located in Berlin) and FGH Engineering & Test GmbH (located in Mannheim) from Vattenfall Europe. Both companies are working in the field of testing of high -, medium - and low voltage electrical components. CESI Ricerca created in 2005 with ENEA, and it has been transferred into GSE (Electrical Services Manager) in 2009. With a view to cater closely to international client needs, CESI established two new companies: CESI Middle East was set up in 2011 in Dubai and CESI do Brasil in March 2012. In February 2012, CESI Middle East has been contracted by the Kuwait-based Arab Fund for Economic and Social Development to come up with a plan for integrating the loosely connected electricity and natural gas networks of 20 Arab countries. CESI is a founding member of RES4MED, an association that aims to increase renewable energy sources penetration and to analyse the conditions for integrated electricity markets in the Mediterranean area. In July 2018, CESI acquires EnerNex, a company based in Knoxville, Tennessee, active in the U.S. market in technical consulting and engineering of networks based on innovative technologies. On December 30, 2019, CESI acquires the property of KEMA B.V. The acquisition includes all the high-voltage testing, inspection and certification activities carried out at the KEMA-owned laboratories in Arnhem (Netherlands) and Prague (Czech Republic). The transaction was completed on March 2, 2020, with the acquisition of the laboratory in Chalfont (U.S.A.). The KEMA Labs testing and inspections facilities include the world's largest high-power laboratory, with the highest short circuit power (up to 10,000 MVA); the world's first laboratory capable of testing ultra-high voltage products for super grids; the Flex Power Grid Laboratory, for advanced testing of smart grids components. Activities CESI main consulting services include: power system studies and energy market studies, general planning and operational planning, design and engineering for HVAC / HVDC interconnections, supervision and control of real-time operations, asset management, integration of renewable energy and storage systems, design and support of smart grids and smart metering implementations, technological and environmental audits, control and regulation systems for power plants, engineering services for test laboratories, environmental impact assessments, civil engineering for hydroelectric and renewable plants and environmental monitoring systems for power plants. Furthermore, CESI develops and manufactures advanced solar cells (III-V triple Junction GaAs) for space and terrestrial applications (CPV). The company's key global clients include major utilities, Transmission System Operators (TSOs), Distribution System Operators (DSOs), power generation companies (GenCos), system integrators, financial investors and global electromechanical and electronic manufacturers, as well as governments and regulatory authorities. In addition, CESI works in close cooperation with international financial institutions such as, among others, the World Bank Group, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, the European Investment Bank, the Inter-American Development Bank, the Asian Development Bank. Structure The company has three operational centers: the main office in Milan and two secondary offices in Piacenza and Seriate (BG). Through subsidiaries it also has two offices in Germany, in Berlin, managed by IPH GmbH, and in Mannheim, managed by FGH Engineering & Test GmbH; one in Dubai, managed by CESI Middle East FZE; another one in Rio de Janeiro, managed by CESI do Brasil and one in the US in Washington D.C., managed by CESI USA Inc. Finally, CESI has laboratories in Arnhem, Prague and Chalfont (U.S.A.). Main shareholders Shareholders as of March 2019: Terna - 42.698% Enel - 42.698% Prysmian - 6.479% ABB - 5.675% CESI (own shares) - 2.000% Toshiba Transmission & Distribution Europe - 0,357% Sediver SpA - 0,094% References Electronics companies of Italy Technology companies established in 1956 International engineering consulting firms Information technology companies of Italy Information technology consulting firms of Italy Italian companies established in 1956
Oxychilus agostinhoi is a species of small air-breathing land snail, a terrestrial pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Oxychilidae, the glass snails. This species is endemic to Azores islands (Portugal). References Oxychilus Molluscs of the Azores Gastropods described in 1981 Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Tan-Kenneth Jerico Leka-Schmidt (born 3 June 2002), known as Kenneth Schmidt, is a German footballer who plays as a left-back or centre-back for SC Freiburg. International career Schmidt has represented Germany at youth international level. Career statistics References External links 2002 births Living people German men's footballers Men's association football defenders Germany men's youth international footballers Germany men's under-21 international footballers Regionalliga players 3. Liga players FC Emmendingen players SC Freiburg players SC Freiburg II players Footballers from Freiburg im Breisgau
Joseph Craft III (born 1950) is an American businessman. He is the president and chief executive officer of Alliance Resource Partners, L.P., the third-largest coal producer in the eastern United States. Personal life Craft received an undergraduate degree in accounting in 1972 from the University of Kentucky, and then earned a JD degree in 1976 from the University of Kentucky College of Law. Craft was a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. Craft's wife, businesswoman and former US Alternate Delegate to the United Nations Kelly Craft, in 2017 was appointed as the U.S. Ambassador to Canada by Donald Trump. In 2019 she became the United States Ambassador to the United Nations, also appointed by President Trump. The couple shares six children and, as of 2018, 11 grandchildren. Career Craft began his career at Mapco Inc, a pipeline company that had diversified into other energy sectors, based in Tulsa, Oklahoma. In 1985, he was elected senior vice president of legal and finance. In 1986, Craft became head of the coal division at Mapco. In 1996, Craft led a management buyout of the unit. The buyout involved Mapco selling a 75% stake in the coal division to the Beacon Group Energy Investment Fund. The new company was called Alliance Coal LLC. In 1999, he led the effort to take Alliance public. In August 1999, he became president and chief executive of Alliance. In January 2019, while already president and chief executive officer of Alliance Resource Partners' general partner, he also assumed the additional role of chairman of the general partner's board of directors. In 2019, Alliance started mining under I-70 near the West Virginia state line with Pennsylvania. The long wall mining is expected to last until 2038 while causing traffic and surface disruption. Craft will profit heavily from this while interrupting the lives of locals. Political activism The Lexington Herald-Leader reported that Craft had given more money to Democratic candidates at the state level of office between 2008 and 2019 than to Republican candidates. In January 2012, Craft donated around $500,000 to Restore Our Future, a Super PAC supporting Mitt Romney. On July 11, 2016, Craft hosted a private fundraiser for Donald Trump at the Aviation Museum of Kentucky. Through a trust, Craft contributed $1 million to the Trump presidential inaugural committee. Philanthropy In 2015 Joe Craft and his wife Kelly Craft co-founded the Craft Academy for Excellence in Science and Mathematics at Kentucky's Morehead State University, a special program for academically exceptional high school students. By 2019 they had committed over $10 million to the Academy. After Craft pledged $6 million toward the completion of the project, the Joe Craft Center, a state-of-the-art basketball practice facility for the Kentucky Wildcats men's and women's basketball teams, was named for him. This was the largest private gift in the history of UK Athletics. The Joe Craft Tower, a wing of the Hazard ARH Hospital in Hazard, was completed and opened in 2014. Craft donated $1 million to the project. In 2014, he donated $5 million for "A Gathering Place for Tulsa", a park to be built along the city's Arkansas River waterfront. In 2016, he donated $4.8 million for the construction of the facility housing the day-to-day University of Kentucky football operation. In 2019, he made a $3 million gift to support the Institute for the Study of Free Enterprise, in the Gatton College of Business and Economics, of the University of Kentucky. In 2022, he made a $7.5 million gift to renovate the University of Kentucky football team's indoor practice facility. Craft has taken the Giving Pledge, pledging "to give the vast majority of my resources to philanthropic causes and charitable endeavors targeted to people and organizations that embrace individual responsibility, economic freedom, reducing poverty and providing opportunities for those willing to chase the American dream." Awards Craft was inducted into the Tulsa Hall of Fame in 2007. In 2008, Craft was named the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year for the Southwest Region energy, chemical, and mining category. In 2009, Craft was inducted into the University of Tulsa's Collins College of Business Hall of Fame. In 2010, he was inducted into the University of Kentucky College of Law Hall of Fame. In 2018, he was inducted into the Kentucky Entrepreneur Hall of Fame. See also Coal mining in the United States References External links Alliance Resource Partners, L.P. Hazard ARH Celebrates Completion of new $47 million patient tower Living people People from Hazard, Kentucky Businesspeople from Kentucky Kentucky Republicans 1950 births University of Kentucky alumni University of Kentucky College of Law alumni American billionaires Philanthropists from Kentucky 21st-century American philanthropists Patrons of schools Sports patrons Sigma Alpha Epsilon members
Kulit-e Hoseynabad (, also Romanized as Kūlīt-e Ḩoseynābād; also known as Kūlīt) is a village in Sarshiv Rural District, Sarshiv District, Marivan County, Kurdistan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 108, in 23 families. The village is populated by Kurds. References Towns and villages in Marivan County Kurdish settlements in Kurdistan Province
Bionic Commando, released in Japan as is a run and gun platform game released by Capcom in arcades in 1987. It was designed by Tokuro Fujiwara as a successor to his earlier "wire action" platformer Roc'n Rope (1983), building on its grappling hook mechanic; he was also the designer of Commando (1985). The music was composed by Harumi Fujita for the Yamaha YM2151 sound chip. The game was advertised in the United States as a sequel to Commando, going as far to refer to the game's main character as Super Joe (the protagonist of Commando) in the promotional brochure, who was originally an unnamed member of a "special commando unit" in the Japanese and international versions. The protagonist is a commando equipped with a bionic arm featuring a grappling gun, allowing him to pull himself forward or swing from the ceiling. Despite being a platform game, the player cannot jump. To cross gaps or climb ledges, the hero must use the bionic arm. It was later released for several home systems (ported by Software Creations and published by Go!). Capcom later produced a home version for the Nintendo Entertainment System, also titled Bionic Commando, that was drastically different from the arcade game. Plot The story takes place ten years after an unspecified World War between two warring factions. The game follows a commando who must infiltrate an enemy base and foil the enemy's plot to launch missiles. The hero must stop a missile from launching and then fight the final boss, the leader of the enemy forces, guarded by an armed bodyguard. Gameplay The game is presented in a side-scrolling format, with eight-way scrolling. Unlike most platform games, the player is unable to jump, instead navigating the level via the use of a mechanical arm that can pull him up ledges. The arm may also be used to collect pickups. Prizes like points and power-ups can only be obtained from crates that come on the screen in a parachute, which can be revealed by shooting them. Unlike most of the later games, the player cannot use the arm and shoot at the same time, the arm cannot be used in the air and the only power-ups are weapon enhancements. Ports There are home ports for MS-DOS, Amstrad CPC, Commodore 64, ZX Spectrum, Amiga, and Atari ST. For the Commodore 64, there are two distinct versions: a US version by Capcom, and a UK version by Software Creations. In some versions, there is an additional level between levels 3 and 4, featuring enemy helicopters. The UK home computer versions were published by U.S. Gold. The music for the ZX Spectrum, Atari ST, Amiga, and Commodore 64 PAL conversion was arranged by Tim Follin, using a music playback engine programmed by Follin's brother. Reception In Japan, Game Machine listed Bionic Commando on their April 15, 1987 issue as being the fifth most-successful table arcade unit of the month. U.S. Gold's release for home computers sold 70,000 copies in the United Kingdom by 1989, becoming their best-selling Capcom release up until then. Home versions generally received average or decent reviews, apart from the ZX Spectrum version which was greeted by some critical praise, receiving ratings of 9/10 and 92% from Your Sinclair and CRASH. The game was voted Best 8-bit Soundtrack of the Year at the Golden Joystick Awards. Legacy The world record high score for Bionic Commando was set in October 2007 by Rudy Chavez of Los Angeles, California. Chavez scored 2,251,090 points. An emulation of the arcade version is included in Capcom Classics Collection Vol. 1 for PlayStation 2 and Xbox; and Capcom Classics Collection Remixed for PlayStation Portable. See also Bionic Commando, the series References 1987 video games Amiga games Amstrad CPC games Arcade video games Atari ST games Capcom games Commodore 64 games DOS games Golden Joystick Award winners Platformers Run and gun games Side-scrolling video games ZX Spectrum games Bionic Commando Multiplayer and single-player video games Video games developed in Japan Video games about cyborgs Video games scored by Harumi Fujita Video games scored by Tim Follin sv:Bionic Commando
```html <html> <head> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=US-ASCII"> <title>adjacent_filtered</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../../../../../../../../doc/src/boostbook.css" type="text/css"> <meta name="generator" content="DocBook XSL Stylesheets V1.79.1"> <link rel="home" href="../../../../index.html" title="Chapter 1. Range 2.0"> <link rel="up" href="../reference.html" title="Reference"> <link rel="prev" href="../reference.html" title="Reference"> <link rel="next" href="copied.html" title="copied"> </head> <body bgcolor="white" text="black" link="#0000FF" vlink="#840084" alink="#0000FF"> <table cellpadding="2" width="100%"><tr> <td valign="top"><img alt="Boost C++ Libraries" width="277" height="86" src="../../../../../../../../boost.png"></td> <td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../../../index.html">Home</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../../../libs/libraries.htm">Libraries</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="path_to_url">People</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="path_to_url">FAQ</a></td> <td align="center"><a href="../../../../../../../../more/index.htm">More</a></td> </tr></table> <hr> <div class="spirit-nav"> <a accesskey="p" href="../reference.html"><img src="../../../../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../reference.html"><img src="../../../../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../../../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="copied.html"><img src="../../../../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a> </div> <div class="section"> <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h5 class="title"> <a name="range.reference.adaptors.reference.adjacent_filtered"></a><a class="link" href="adjacent_filtered.html" title="adjacent_filtered">adjacent_filtered</a> </h5></div></div></div> <div class="toc"><dl class="toc"><dt><span class="section"><a href="adjacent_filtered.html#range.reference.adaptors.reference.adjacent_filtered.adjacent_filtered_example">adjacent_filtered example</a></span></dt></dl></div> <div class="informaltable"><table class="table"> <colgroup> <col> <col> </colgroup> <thead><tr> <th> <p> Syntax </p> </th> <th> <p> Code </p> </th> </tr></thead> <tbody> <tr> <td> <p> Pipe </p> </td> <td> <p> <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">rng</span> <span class="special">\|</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">adaptors</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">adjacent_filtered</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">bi_pred</span><span class="special">)</span></code> </p> </td> </tr> <tr> <td> <p> Function </p> </td> <td> <p> <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">adaptors</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">adjacent_filter</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">rng</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="identifier">bi_pred</span><span class="special">)</span></code> </p> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table></div> <div class="itemizedlist"><ul class="itemizedlist" style="list-style-type: disc; "> <li class="listitem"> <span class="bold"><strong>Precondition:</strong></span> The <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">value_type</span></code> of the range is convertible to both argument types of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">bi_pred</span></code>. </li> <li class="listitem"> <span class="bold"><strong>Postcondition:</strong></span> For all adjacent elements <code class="computeroutput"><span class="special">[</span><span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">y</span><span class="special">]</span></code> in the returned range, <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">bi_pred</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">x</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="identifier">y</span><span class="special">)</span></code> is <code class="computeroutput"><span class="keyword">true</span></code>. </li> <li class="listitem"> <span class="bold"><strong>Throws:</strong></span> Whatever the copy constructor of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">bi_pred</span></code> might throw. </li> <li class="listitem"> <span class="bold"><strong>Range Category:</strong></span> <a class="link" href="../../../concepts/forward_range.html" title="Forward Range">Forward Range</a> </li> <li class="listitem"> <span class="bold"><strong>Return Type:</strong></span> <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">adjacent_filtered_range</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">decltype</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">rng</span><span class="special">),</span> <span class="keyword">decltype</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">bi_pred</span><span class="special">)></span></code> </li> <li class="listitem"> <span class="bold"><strong>Returned Range Category:</strong></span> The minimum of the range category of <code class="computeroutput"><span class="identifier">rng</span></code> and <a class="link" href="../../../concepts/forward_range.html" title="Forward Range">Forward Range</a> </li> </ul></div> <div class="section"> <div class="titlepage"><div><div><h6 class="title"> <a name="range.reference.adaptors.reference.adjacent_filtered.adjacent_filtered_example"></a><a class="link" href="adjacent_filtered.html#range.reference.adaptors.reference.adjacent_filtered.adjacent_filtered_example" title="adjacent_filtered example">adjacent_filtered example</a> </h6></div></div></div> <p> </p> <pre class="programlisting"><span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">range</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">adaptor</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">adjacent_filtered</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">range</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">algorithm</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">copy</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">/</span><span class="identifier">assign</span><span class="special">.</span><span class="identifier">hpp</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">iterator</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">functional</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">iostream</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="preprocessor">#include</span> <span class="special"><</span><span class="identifier">vector</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">main</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="keyword">int</span> <span class="identifier">argc</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="keyword">const</span> <span class="keyword">char</span><span class="special">*</span> <span class="identifier">argv</span><span class="special">[])</span> <span class="special">{</span> <span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">assign</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="keyword">using</span> <span class="keyword">namespace</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">adaptors</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">vector</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">></span> <span class="identifier">input</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="identifier">input</span> <span class="special">+=</span> <span class="number">1</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">1</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">3</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">4</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">5</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">6</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="identifier">boost</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">copy</span><span class="special">(</span> <span class="identifier">input</span> <span class="special">\|</span> <span class="identifier">adjacent_filtered</span><span class="special">(</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">not_equal_to</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">>()),</span> <span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">ostream_iterator</span><span class="special"><</span><span class="keyword">int</span><span class="special">>(</span><span class="identifier">std</span><span class="special">::</span><span class="identifier">cout</span><span class="special">,</span> <span class="string">","</span><span class="special">));</span> <span class="keyword">return</span> <span class="number">0</span><span class="special">;</span> <span class="special">}</span> </pre> <p> </p> </div> <p> This would produce the output: </p> <pre class="programlisting"><span class="number">1</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">2</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">3</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">4</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">5</span><span class="special">,</span><span class="number">6</span><span class="special">,</span> </pre> <p> </p> </div> <table xmlns:rev="path_to_url~gregod/boost/tools/doc/revision" width="100%"><tr> <td align="left"></td> Neil Groves<p> file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at <a href="path_to_url" target="_top">path_to_url </p> </div></td> </tr></table> <hr> <div class="spirit-nav"> <a accesskey="p" href="../reference.html"><img src="../../../../../../../../doc/src/images/prev.png" alt="Prev"></a><a accesskey="u" href="../reference.html"><img src="../../../../../../../../doc/src/images/up.png" alt="Up"></a><a accesskey="h" href="../../../../index.html"><img src="../../../../../../../../doc/src/images/home.png" alt="Home"></a><a accesskey="n" href="copied.html"><img src="../../../../../../../../doc/src/images/next.png" alt="Next"></a> </div> </body> </html> ```
Kenneth Glenn Suesens (October 23, 1916 – May 29, 1992) was the head coach of the Sheboygan Red Skins of the National Basketball Association from 1948 to 1951. Under him, they would go 1–2 in the playoffs. He was born in Des Moines, Iowa to John F. Suesens and Martha Duran. References 1916 births 1992 deaths American men's basketball players Basketball coaches from Iowa Basketball players from Iowa College golf coaches in the United States Guards (basketball) Iowa Hawkeyes men's basketball players Sheboygan Red Skins coaches Sheboygan Red Skins players Valparaiso Beacons coaches Valparaiso Beacons men's basketball coaches
Karosa C 955 is an intercity bus produced by bus manufacturer Karosa from the Czech Republic, in the years 2001 to 2006. It was succeeded by Irisbus Crossway in 2006. Construction features Karosa C 955 is model of Karosa 900 series. C 955 is based on C 954. Body was assembled to the skeleton, which has undergone a dip stage, sheets were galvanized and painted and then to have it installed additional components. Body is semi-self-supporting with frame and engine with manual gearbox is placed in the rear part. Only rear axle is propulsed. Front and rear axles are solid. All axles are mounted on air suspension. On the right side are two doors. Inside are used cloth seats. Drivers cab is not separated from the rest of the vehicle. Production and operation In 2002 started serial production, which continued until 2006. Historical vehicles Any historical vehicle was not saved yet. See also Article about Karosa C 955 buses in Prague List of buses Buses manufactured by Karosa Buses of the Czech Republic
Martin Hugh Broadbridge, 4th Baron Broadbridge (29 November 1929 – 19 April 2020), was a British hereditary peer. Biography Broadbridge was born 29 November 1929, son of Hugh Trevor Broadbridge (1903–1979), by his wife the former Anne Marjorie Elfick (1903–1979). He was educated at St George's College, Weybridge, a private Catholic school in Surrey, England. He studied at the University of Birmingham, graduating with a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree in 1954. From 1954 to 1963, Broadbridge was a member of Her Majesty's Overseas Civil Service (HMOCS), and served as a district officer in Northern Nigeria. Returning to the United Kingdom, he was director and manager for a specialist road surface treatments company from 1963 to 1992. In retirement, he continued to work as a consultant. When Peter Broadbridge, 3rd Baron Broadbridge, died on 6 February 2000, he was succeeded to the peerage and baronetcy by Martin, his cousin, who became the 4th Baron Broadbridge. Broadbridge died in Cardiff, Wales, on 19 April 2020. He was 90. Personal life On 31 July 1954, he married Norma Sheffield, daughter of Major Herbert Sheffield, MC: they divorced in 1967. He married secondly, in 1968, Mary Elizabeth Trotman (1923–2007), daughter of Joseph Emlyn Trotman (1893–1966). He had a son, Richard, and a daughter, Katherine, from his first marriage. The son, Air Vice-Marshal Richard John Martin Broadbridge, CB (born 29 January 1959), succeeded to the peerage and baronetcy as Richard Broadbridge, 5th Baron Broadbridge. References 1929 births 2020 deaths People educated at St George's College, Weybridge Alumni of the University of Birmingham 4
Sembcorp Industries (Sembcorp) is an energy and urban development company. Sembcorp's marine division provided a variety of services, including the engineering and construction of offshore platforms for oil extraction, until it was demerged from Sembcorp in 2020 following poor financial performance. Sembcorp currently has an energy portfolio of over 12,600MW, with more than 2,600MW of renewable energy capacity globally. The company also develops raw land into urban developments. Sembcorp is listed on the main board of the Singapore Exchange. It is a component stock of the Straits Times Index and sustainability indices including the FTSE4Good Index, the Dow Jones Sustainability Asia Pacific Index and the iEdge SG ESG indices. In March 2020, it was announced that Sembcorp was replacing their CEO. Sembcorp did not declare an interim dividend for 1H 2020, instead choosing to defer any decision regarding payment of dividends for the fiscal year 2020 until the end of the year. In June of the same year, trading was halted for Sembcorp as well as Sembcorp Marine, a loss-making subsidiary whose shares had declined by 36% in 2020. Representatives from both companies declined to comment. Between 11 June and 24 July 2020, Sembcorp Industries' share price declined by 11%. Singapore Sembcorp owns and operates the largest NEWater plant in Singapore, and provides solid waste management services. It is the only established power gentailer (generation-affiliated retailer) in Singapore to offer renewable energy. Sembcorp also has 250MWp of renewable energy capacity in operation and under development. China Sembcorp operates power generation, industrial water and wastewater treatment facilities, and sustainable urban developments. Sembcorp is an investor in the China-Singapore Suzhou Industrial Park, Wuxi-Singapore Industrial Park, International Water Hub and Singapore-Sichuan Hi-tech Innovation Park. India Despite their commitment to renewable energy in China and Singapore, Sembcorp constructed a 1,320-megawatt supercritical coal-fired power plant in Andhra Pradesh. In 2015, they acquired a wind and solar power company, Green Infra. In 2016, Sembcorp launched a $3 billion, 2,640-megawatt power complex in Andhra Pradesh. In 2020, Sembcorp commemorated the completion of 800MW of Solar Energy Corporation of India wind power projects. United Kingdom In 2003, Sembcorp acquired a centralised utilities business at Wilton International, Teesside, UK. In 2018, Sembcorp acquired UK Power Reserve, the UK’s largest flexible distributed energy generator. Myanmar In 2015, Sembcorp pivoted away from renewable energy investments, beginning the development of a 225-megawatt gas-fired power plant (the Sembcorp Myingyan Power Plant) which officially opened in 2019. However, solar power generation was integrated into the plant. Oman In 2009, Sembcorp won a project to develop the US$1 billion Salalah Independent Water and Power Plant. United Arab Emirates In 2006, Sembcorp started work on the Fujairah 1 Independent Water and Power Plant, a 893 MW and 130 million imperial gallons per day hybrid desalination plans. Vietnam In 1996, the first Vietnam Singapore Industrial Park (VSIP) was established in Binh Duong province in southern Vietnam. In 2001, Sembcorp made an investment to develop the Phu My 3 independent power plant. In 2005, Sembcorp expanded its presence in southern Vietnam with VSIP Binh Duong II. In 2007, Sembcorp began a third VSIP project, VSIP Bac Ninh. In 2009, Sembcorp entered a joint venture agreement for its fourth VISP project, VSIP Hai Phong, also an integrated township and industrial park. In 2012, Sembcorp signed an agreement for a fifth project in Vietnam, VSIP Quang Ngai, and in 2015, their sixth and seventh VSIPs - VSIP Hai Duong and VSIP Nghe An. In 2019, Sembcorp signed a joint venture agreement with Becamex IDC Corporation and VSIP. Bangladesh In 2019, Sirajganj Unit 4 combined-cycle gas turbine power plant, Sembcorp’s first thermal power plant in Bangladesh, commenced full commercial operation. Indonesia Sembcorp was appointed by the Singapore government in the 1990s to develop its first bilateral special economic zones, the 320-hectare Batamindo Industrial Park, on the Riau Island of Batam, and the 270-hectare Bintan Industrial Estate, on Bintan Island. Sembcorp is now developing the Kendal Industrial Park in Central Java. See also Sembcorp Marine Sembcorp Energy India SembCorp Logistics Water privatization References External links Companies listed on the Singapore Exchange Multinational companies headquartered in Singapore Service companies of Singapore Temasek Holdings Singaporean brands
Anton Sullivan (born 1991/1992) is a Gaelic footballer who plays for Rhode and at senior level for the Offaly county team. Sullivan is a peacekeeper and has experienced service in the Lebanon. He was appointed as Offaly captain in 2018, shortly after returning to Ireland. He was named on the Tailteann Cup Team of the Year at the end of the 2022 campaign. References 1990s births Living people Irish Army soldiers Offaly inter-county Gaelic footballers Rhode Gaelic footballers
MS Caribbean Princess is a modified owned and operated by Princess Cruises, with a capacity of over 3,600 passengers, the largest carrying capacity in the Princess fleet until June 2013 when the new , another Princess ship superseded its record. She has 900 balcony staterooms and a deck of mini-suites. Caribbean Princess is slightly larger than the other ships in her class (, , and ), due to an additional deck of cabins called the "Riviera" deck. Another difference is that, being initially designed to cruise the Caribbean year-round, there is no sliding roof over the pool area for shelter in poor weather. Incidents On 12 March 2012, Caribbean Princess suffered a problem with her port side propulsion engine that required her to return to her home port of San Juan, Puerto Rico after a stopover in St. Maarten. The problem caused Princess Cruises to cancel the next two trips (scheduled for 18 and 25 March). Caribbean Princess experienced a norovirus outbreak in January 2014 sickening approximately 200 people on board. The scheduled cruise ended two days early. On 3 August 2016, Caribbean Princess experienced a power outage while on a British Isles cruise. The ship completely lost propulsion about southeast of Dublin, Ireland in the Irish Sea, and was left adrift for nine hours. During the power outage, air conditioners, lighting, hotel functions, and toilets were all functional. The ship regained power and sailed to Belfast, Northern Ireland, missing her next port of Dublin on her itinerary. An ocean-going tug was dispatched from Holyhead in North Wales, UK and an air/sea rescue helicopter from Dublin monitored the situation. The cruise continued without any further problems to either the ship or the passengers. In 2019, a man in his 30's drowned in a pool aboard Caribbean Princess. Ocean pollution On 26 August 2013, the crew of Caribbean Princess deliberately discharged of oil-contaminated bilge pollution off the southern coast of England. The discharge involved the illegal modification of the vessel's on-board pollution control systems and use of a "magic pipe", and was photographed by a newly hired engineer. When the ship subsequently berthed at Southampton, the engineer resigned his position and reported the discharge to the UK Maritime and Coastguard Agency. An investigation was launched by the United States Department of Justice Environment and Natural Resources Division which found that the practice had been taking place on Caribbean Princess and four other Princess ships since 2005. In December 2016, Princess Cruise Lines agreed to plead guilty to seven felony charges and pay a $40 million penalty. The charges related to illegal discharges off the coasts of Florida, Maine, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Texas, Virginia, the U.S. Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico. As part of the agreement cruise ships from eight Carnival companies, including Carnival Cruise Line and Holland America Line, are required to operate for five years under a court-supervised environmental compliance plan with independent audits and a court-appointed monitor. According to the US Justice Department, the fine was the "largest-ever criminal penalty involving deliberate vessel pollution." Areas of operation Caribbean Princess has undertaken cruises from European ports around the British Isles, northern Europe and the Mediterranean and from North American ports to the Caribbean, New England and Canada. The ship in July 2019 left her current home port of Fort Lauderdale, Florida and sailed up to a new home port in New York for cruises to Canada, New England, and Greenland. As of 2020, however, the ship sails primarily in the Caribbean. References Notes Bibliography External links Caribbean Princess official page (Princess site) Fincantieri Ship Building Ships of Princess Cruises Ships built in Monfalcone 2003 ships Ships built by Fincantieri Water pollution in the United Kingdom Water pollution in the United States
Dmitri Sokolov (; born 19 March 1988) is a Russian professional racing cyclist, who currently rides for UCI Continental team . He rode in the men's team pursuit at the 2016 UCI Track Cycling World Championships. Major results 2005 1st Time trial, UEC European Junior Road Championships 8th Time trial, UCI Juniors World Championships 2006 1st Time trial, UEC European Junior Road Championships 1st Stage 2 Giro di Basilicata 2nd Overall Trofeo Karlsberg 1st Stage 1 UCI Juniors World Championships 4th Road race 4th Time trial 2007 7th Time trial, UEC European Under-23 Road Championships 2008 3rd GP Capodarco 4th Time trial, UEC European Under-23 Road Championships 2012 2nd Team pursuit, 2012–13 UCI Track Cycling World Cup, Cali 2nd Time trial, National Road Championships 7th Memorial Davide Fardelli 2015 2015–16 UCI Track Cycling World Cup, Cali 1st Team pursuit 3rd Individual pursuit 10th Overall Vuelta a la Comunidad de Madrid 2016 10th Klasika Primavera 2017 2nd Team pursuit, 2016–17 UCI Track Cycling World Cup, Cali 3rd Team pursuit, 2017–18 UCI Track Cycling World Cup, Pruszków 3rd Team pursuit, UEC European Track Championships 2018 1st Overall Tour of Iran (Azerbaijan) 1st Stage 2 2nd Team pursuit, 2017–18 UCI Track Cycling World Cup, Minsk 2nd Overall Giro della Regione Friuli Venezia Giulia 2020 10th Grand Prix Mount Erciyes References External links 1988 births Living people Russian male cyclists Place of birth missing (living people) Russian track cyclists Cyclists at the 2016 Summer Olympics Olympic cyclists for Russia Sportspeople from Izhevsk Sportspeople from Udmurtia
Alex Moazed is an American entrepreneur and author. Moazed is the Founder and CEO of Applico. In 2016, Macmillan published his book, Modern Monopolies, which defines the platform business model. Business career While a junior in college, Moazed founded Applico with a few personal credit cards in 2009. By 2014, the company achieved $10 million in revenue. With the publication of Modern Monopolies in 2016, Moazed focused his expertise on the platform business model appearing regularly on business television networks like Yahoo Finance, Bloomberg, and Fox News In May 2019, WisdomTree Investments launched the world's first platform business ETF (NYSE:PLAT) based on data that Alex and Applico licensed to WisdomTree. Published works Modern Monopolies: What It Takes to Dominate the 21st Century Economy. (2016) References 21st-century American businesspeople Year of birth missing (living people) Living people
The activated sludge process is a type of biological wastewater treatment process for treating sewage or industrial wastewaters using aeration and a biological floc composed of bacteria and protozoa. It uses air (or oxygen) and microorganisms to biologically oxidize organic pollutants, producing a waste sludge (or floc) containing the oxidized material. The activated sludge process for removing carbonaceous pollution begins with an aeration tank where air (or oxygen) is injected into the waste water. This is followed by a settling tank to allow the biological flocs (the sludge blanket) to settle, thus separating the biological sludge from the clear treated water. Part of the waste sludge is recycled to the aeration tank and the remaining waste sludge is removed for further treatment and ultimate disposal. Plant types include package plants, oxidation ditch, deep shaft/vertical treatment, surface-aerated basins, and sequencing batch reactors (SBRs). Aeration methods include diffused aeration, surface aerators (cones) or, rarely, pure oxygen aeration. Sludge bulking can occur which makes activated sludge difficult to settle and frequently has an adverse impact on final effluent quality. Treating sludge bulking and managing the plant to avoid a recurrence requires skilled management and may require full-time staffing of a works to allow immediate intervention. A new development of the activated sludge process is the Nereda process which produces a granular sludge that settles very well. Purpose The activated sludge process is a biological process used to oxidise carbonaceous biological matter, oxidising nitrogenous matter (mainly ammonium and nitrogen) in biological matter, and removing nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus). Process description The process takes advantage of aerobic micro-organisms that can digest organic matter in sewage, and clump together by flocculation entrapping fine particulate matter as they do so. It thereby produces a liquid that is relatively free from suspended solids and organic material, and flocculated particles that will readily settle out and can be removed. The general arrangement of an activated sludge process for removing carbonaceous pollution includes the following items: Aeration tank where air (or oxygen) is injected in the mixed liquor. Settling tank (usually referred to as "final clarifier" or "secondary settling tank") to allow the biological flocs (the sludge blanket) to settle, thus separating the biological sludge from the clear treated water. Treatment of nitrogenous or phosphorous matter comprises the addition of an anoxic compartment inside the aeration tank in order to perform the nitrification-denitrification process more efficiently. First, ammonia is oxidized to nitrite, which is then converted into nitrate in aerobic conditions (aeration compartment). Facultative bacteria then reduce the nitrate to nitrogen gas in anoxic conditions (anoxic compartment). Moreover, the organisms used for the phosphorus uptake (Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms) are more efficient under anoxic conditons. These microorganisms accumulate large amounts of phosphates in their cells and are settled in the secondary clarifier or removed as waste of activated sludge (WAS). The yield of PAOs (Polyphosphate Accumulating Organisms) is reduced between 70-80% under aerobic conditions. Even though the phosphorus can be removed upstream of the aeration tank by chemical precipitation (adding metal ions such as: calcium, aluminum or iron), the biological phophorus removal is more economic due to the saving of chemicals. Bioreactor and final clarifier The process involves air or oxygen being introduced into a mixture of screened, and primary treated sewage or industrial wastewater (wastewater) combined with organisms to develop a biological floc which reduces the organic content of the sewage. This material, which in healthy sludge is a brown floc, is largely composed of Saprotrophic bacteria but also has an important protozoan flora component mainly composed of amoebae, Spirotrichs, Peritrichs including Vorticellids and a range of other filter-feeding species. Other important constituents include motile and sedentary Rotifers. In poorly managed activated sludge, a range of mucilaginous filamentous bacteria can develop - including Sphaerotilus natans, Gordonia, and other microorganisms - which produces a sludge that is difficult to settle and can result in the sludge blanket decanting over the weirs in the settlement tank to severely contaminate the final effluent quality. This material is often described as sewage fungus but true fungal communities are relatively uncommon. The combination of wastewater and biological mass is commonly known as mixed liquor. In all activated sludge plants, once the wastewater has received sufficient treatment, excess mixed liquor is discharged into settling tanks and the treated supernatant is run off to undergo further treatment before discharge. Part of the settled material, the sludge, is returned to the head of the aeration system to re-seed the new wastewater entering the tank. This fraction of the floc is called return activated sludge (R.A.S.). The space required for a sewage treatment plant can be reduced by using a membrane bioreactor to remove some wastewater from the mixed liquor prior to treatment. This results in a more concentrated waste product that can then be treated using the activated sludge process. Many sewage treatment plants use axial flow pumps to transfer nitrified mixed liquor from the aeration zone to the anoxic zone for denitrification. These pumps are often referred to as internal mixed liquor recycle pumps (IMLR pumps). The raw sewage, the RAS, and the nitrified mixed liquor are mixed by submersible mixers in the anoxic zones in order to achieve denitrification. Sludge production Activated sludge is also the name given to the active biological material produced by activated sludge plants. Excess sludge is called "surplus activated sludge" or "waste activated sludge" and is removed from the treatment process to keep "food to biomass" (F/M) ratio in balance (where biomass refers to the activated sludge). This sewage sludge is usually mixed with primary sludge from the primary clarifiers and undergoes further sludge treatment for example by anaerobic digestion, followed by thickening, dewatering, composting and land application. The amount of sewage sludge produced from the activated sludge process is directly proportional to the amount of wastewater treated. The total sludge production consists of the sum of primary sludge from the primary sedimentation tanks as well as waste activated sludge from the bioreactors. The activated sludge process produces about of waste activated sludge (that is grams of dry solids produced per cubic metre of wastewater treated). is regarded as being typical. In addition, about of primary sludge is produced in the primary sedimentation tanks which most - but not all - of the activated sludge process configurations use. Process control The general process control method is to monitor sludge blanket level, SVI (Sludge Volume Index), MCRT (Mean Cell Residence Time), F/M (Food to Microorganism), as well as the biota of the activated sludge and the major nutrients DO (Dissolved oxygen), nitrogen, phosphate, BOD (Biochemical oxygen demand), and COD (Chemical oxygen demand). In the reactor/aerator and clarifier system, the sludge blanket is measured from the bottom of the clarifier to the level of settled solids in the clarifier's water column; this, in large plants, can be done up to three times a day. The SVI is the volume of settled sludge occupied by a given mass of dry sludge solids. It is calculated by dividing the volume of settled sludge in a mixed liquor sample, measured in milliliters per liter of sample (after 30 minutes of settling), by the MLSS (Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids), measured in grams per liter. The MCRT is the total mass (in kilograms or pounds) of mixed liquor suspended solids in the aerator and clarifier divided by the mass flow rate (in kilograms/pounds per day) of mixed liquor suspended solids leaving as WAS and final effluent. The F/M is the ratio of food fed to the microorganisms each day to the mass of microorganisms held under aeration. Specifically, it is the amount of BOD fed to the aerator (in kilograms/pounds per day) divided by the amount (in kilograms or pounds) of Mixed Liquor Volatile Suspended Solids (MLVSS) under aeration. Note: Some references use MLSS (Mixed Liquor Suspended Solids) for expedience, but MLVSS is considered more accurate for the measure of microorganisms. Again, due to expedience, COD is generally used, in lieu of BOD, as BOD takes five days for results. Based on these control methods, the amount of settled solids in the mixed liquor can be varied by wasting activated sludge (WAS) or returning activated sludge (RAS). The returning activated sludge is designed to recycle a portion of the activated sludge from the secondary clarifier back t the aeration tank. It usually includes a pump that draws the portion back. The RAS line is designed considering the potential for clogging, settling, and other relatable issues that manage to impact the flow of the activated sludge back to the aeration tank. This line must handle the required flow of the plant and has to be designed to minimize the risk of solids settling or accumulating. Plant types There are a variety of types of activated sludge plants. These include: Package plants There are a wide range of types of package plants, often serving small communities or industrial plants that may use hybrid treatment processes often involving the use of aerobic sludge to treat the incoming sewage. In such plants the primary settlement stage of treatment may be omitted. In these plants, a biotic floc is created which provides the required substrate. Package plants are designed and fabricated by specialty engineering firms in dimensions that allow for their transportation to the job site in public highways, typically width and height of . Length varies with capacity with larger plants being fabricated in pieces and welded on site. Steel is preferred over synthetic materials (e.g., plastic) for its durability. Package plants are commonly variants of extended aeration, to promote the "fit and forget" approach required for small communities without dedicated operational staff. There are various standards to assist with their design. To use less space, treat difficult waste, and intermittent flows, a number of designs of hybrid treatment plants have been produced. Such plants often combine at least two stages of the three main treatment stages into one combined stage. In the UK, where a large number of wastewater treatment plants serve small populations, package plants are a viable alternative to building a large structure for each process stage. In the US, package plants are typically used in rural areas, highway rest stops and trailer parks. Package plants may be referred to as high charged or low charged. This refers to the way the biological load is processed. In high charged systems, the biological stage is presented with a high organic load and the combined floc and organic material is then oxygenated for a few hours before being charged again with a new load. In the low charged system the biological stage contains a low organic load and is combined with flocculate for longer times. Oxidation ditch In some areas, where more land is available, sewage is treated in large round or oval ditches with one or more horizontal aerators typically called brush or disc aerators which drive the mixed liquor around the ditch and provide aeration. These are oxidation ditches, often referred to by manufacturer's trade names such as Pasveer, Orbal, or Carrousel. They have the advantage that they are relatively easy to maintain and are resilient to shock loads that often occur in smaller communities (i.e. at breakfast time and in the evening). Oxidation ditches are installed commonly as 'fit & forget' technology, with typical design parameters of a hydraulic retention time of 24 – 48 hours, and a sludge age of 12 – 20 days. This compares with nitrifying activated sludge plants having a retention time of 8 hours, and a sludge age of 8 – 12 days. Deep shaft / Vertical treatment Where land is in short supply sewage may be treated by injection of oxygen into a pressured return sludge stream which is injected into the base of a deep columnar tank buried in the ground. Such shafts may be up to deep and are filled with sewage liquor. As the sewage rises the oxygen forced into solution by the pressure at the base of the shaft breaks out as molecular oxygen providing a highly efficient source of oxygen for the activated sludge biota. The rising oxygen and injected return sludge provide the physical mechanism for mixing of the sewage and sludge. Mixed sludge and sewage is decanted at the surface and separated into supernatant and sludge components. The efficiency of deep shaft treatment can be high. Surface aerators are commonly quoted as having an aeration efficiency of 0.5–1.5 kg O2/kWh (1.1–3.3 lb O2/kWh), diffused aeration as 1.5–2.5 kg O2/kWh (3.3–5.5 lb O2/kWh). Deep Shaft claims 5–8 kg O2/kWh (11–18 lb O2/kWh). However, the costs of construction are high. Deep Shaft has seen the greatest uptake in Japan, because of the land area issues. Deep Shaft was developed by ICI, as a spin-off from their Pruteen process. In the UK it is found at three sites: Tilbury, Anglian water, treating a wastewater with a high industrial contribution; Southport, United Utilities, because of land space issues; and Billingham, ICI, again treating industrial effluent, and built (after the Tilbury shafts) by ICI to help the agent sell more. DeepShaft is a patented, licensed, process. The licensee has changed several times and currently (2015) Noram Engineering sells it. Surface-aerated basins Most biological oxidation processes for treating industrial wastewaters have in common the use of oxygen (or air) and microbial action. Surface-aerated basins achieve 80 to 90% removal of BOD with retention times of 1 to 10 days. The basins may range in depth from and utilize motor-driven aerators floating on the surface of the wastewater. In an aerated basin system, the aerators provide two functions: they transfer air into the basins required by the biological oxidation reactions, and they provide the mixing required for dispersing the air and for contacting the reactants (that is, oxygen, wastewater and microbes). Typically, the floating surface aerators are rated to deliver the amount of air equivalent to 1.8 to 2.7 kilograms O2/kWh (4.0 to 6.0 lb O2/kWh). However, they do not provide as good mixing as is normally achieved in activated sludge systems and therefore aerated basins do not achieve the same performance level as activated sludge units. Biological oxidation processes are sensitive to temperature and, between , the rate of biological reactions increase with temperature. Most surface aerated vessels operate at between . Sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) Sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) treat wastewater in batches within the same vessel. This means that the bioreactor and final clarifier are not separated in space but in a timed sequence. The installation consists of at least two identically equipped tanks with a common inlet, which can be alternated between them. While one tank is in settle/decant mode the other is aerating and filling. Aeration methods Diffused aeration Sewage liquor is run into deep tanks with diffuser grid aeration systems that are attached to the floor. These are like the diffused airstone used in tropical fish tanks but on a much larger scale. Air is pumped through the blocks and the curtain of bubbles formed both oxygenates the liquor and also provides the necessary mixing action. Where capacity is limited or the sewage is unusually strong or difficult to treat, oxygen may be used instead of air. Typically, the air is generated by some type of air blower. Surface aerators (cones) Vertically mounted tubes of up to diameter extending from just above the base of a deep concrete tank to just below the surface of the sewage liquor. A typical shaft might be high. At the surface end, the tube is formed into a cone with helical vanes attached to the inner surface. When the tube is rotated, the vanes spin liquor up and out of the cones drawing new sewage liquor from the base of the tank. In many works, each cone is located in a separate cell that can be isolated from the remaining cells if required for maintenance. Some works may have two cones to a cell and some large works may have 4 cones per cell. Pure oxygen aeration Pure oxygen activated sludge aeration systems are sealed-tank reactor vessels with surface aerator type impellers mounted within the tanks at the oxygen carbon liquor surface interface. The amount of oxygen entrainment, or DO (Dissolved Oxygen), can be controlled by a weir adjusted level control, and a vent gas oxygen controlled oxygen feed valve. Oxygen is generated on site by cryogenic distillation of air, pressure swing adsorption, or other methods. These systems are used where wastewater plant space is at a premium and high sewage throughput is required as high energy costs are involved in purifying oxygen. Recent developments A new development of the activated sludge process is the Nereda process which produces a granular sludge that settles very well (the sludge volume index is reduced from ). A new process reactor system is created to take advantage of this quick settling sludge and is integrated into the aeration tank instead of having a separate unit outside. About 30 Nereda wastewater treatment plants worldwide are operational, under construction or under design, varying in size from 5,000 up to 858,000 person equivalent. Issues Process upsets Sludge bulking can occur which makes activated sludge difficult to settle and frequently has an adverse impact on final effluent quality. Treating sludge bulking and managing the plant to avoid a recurrence requires skilled management and may require full-time staffing of a works to allow immediate intervention. The discharge of toxic industrial pollution to treatment plants designed primarily to treat domestic sewage can create process upsets. Costs and technology choice The activated sludge process is an example for a more high-tech, energy intensive or "mechanized" process that is relatively expensive compared to some other wastewater treatment systems. It can provide a very high level of treatment. Activated sludge plants are wholly dependent on an electrical supply to power the aerators to transfer settled solids back to the aeration tank inlet, and in many cases to pump waste sludge and final effluent. In some works untreated sewage is lifted by pumps to the head-works to provide sufficient fall through the works to enable a satisfactory discharge head for the final effluent. Alternative technologies such as trickling filter treatment requires much less power and can operate on gravity alone. History The activated sludge process was discovered in 1913 in the United Kingdom by two engineers, Edward Ardern and W.T. Lockett, who were conducting research for the Manchester Corporation Rivers Department at Davyhulme Sewage Works. In 1912, Gilbert Fowler, a scientist at the University of Manchester, observed experiments being conducted at the Lawrence Experiment Station at Massachusetts involving the aeration of sewage in a bottle that had been coated with algae. Fowler's engineering colleagues, Ardern and Lockett, experimented on treating sewage in a draw-and-fill reactor, which produced a highly treated effluent. They aerated the waste-water continuously for about a month and were able to achieve a complete nitrification of the sample material. Believing that the sludge had been activated (in a similar manner to activated carbon) the process was named activated sludge. Not until much later was it realized that what had actually occurred was a means to concentrate biological organisms, decoupling the liquid retention time (ideally, low, for a compact treatment system) from the solids retention time (ideally, fairly high, for an effluent low in BOD5 and ammonia.) Their results were published in their seminal 1914 paper, and the first full-scale continuous-flow system was installed at Worcester two years later. In the aftermath of the First World War the new treatment method spread rapidly, especially to the US, Denmark, Germany and Canada. By the late 1930s, the activated sludge treatment became a well-known biological wastewater treatment process in those countries where sewer systems and sewage treatment plants were common. See also Activated sludge model Aerated lagoon Aerobic granulation Aerobic granular reactor Aerobic treatment system Industrial wastewater treatment List of wastewater treatment technologies Membrane bioreactor Rotating biological contactor Sludge bulking Thermal hydrolysis References Sewerage Environmental engineering Chemical engineering
In computer science, the Knuth–Morris–Pratt algorithm (or KMP algorithm) is a string-searching algorithm that searches for occurrences of a "word" W within a main "text string" S by employing the observation that when a mismatch occurs, the word itself embodies sufficient information to determine where the next match could begin, thus bypassing re-examination of previously matched characters. The algorithm was conceived by James H. Morris and independently discovered by Donald Knuth "a few weeks later" from automata theory. Morris and Vaughan Pratt published a technical report in 1970. The three also published the algorithm jointly in 1977. Independently, in 1969, Matiyasevich discovered a similar algorithm, coded by a two-dimensional Turing machine, while studying a string-pattern-matching recognition problem over a binary alphabet. This was the first linear-time algorithm for string matching. Background A string-matching algorithm wants to find the starting index m in string S[] that matches the search word W[]. The most straightforward algorithm, known as the "brute-force" or "naive" algorithm, is to look for a word match at each index m, i.e. the position in the string being searched that corresponds to the character S[m]. At each position m the algorithm first checks for equality of the first character in the word being searched, i.e. S[m] =? W[0]. If a match is found, the algorithm tests the other characters in the word being searched by checking successive values of the word position index, i. The algorithm retrieves the character W[i] in the word being searched and checks for equality of the expression S[m+i] =? W[i]. If all successive characters match in W at position m, then a match is found at that position in the search string. If the index m reaches the end of the string then there is no match, in which case the search is said to "fail". Usually, the trial check will quickly reject the trial match. If the strings are uniformly distributed random letters, then the chance that characters match is 1 in 26. In most cases, the trial check will reject the match at the initial letter. The chance that the first two letters will match is 1 in 26 (1 in 26^2 chances of a match over 26 possible letters). So if the characters are random, then the expected complexity of searching string S[] of length n is on the order of n comparisons or O(n). The expected performance is very good. If S[] is 1 million characters and W[] is 1000 characters, then the string search should complete after about 1.04 million character comparisons. That expected performance is not guaranteed. If the strings are not random, then checking a trial m may take many character comparisons. The worst case is if the two strings match in all but the last letter. Imagine that the string S[] consists of 1 million characters that are all A, and that the word W[] is 999 A characters terminating in a final B character. The simple string-matching algorithm will now examine 1000 characters at each trial position before rejecting the match and advancing the trial position. The simple string search example would now take about 1000 character comparisons times 1 million positions for 1 billion character comparisons. If the length of W[] is k, then the worst-case performance is O(k⋅n). The KMP algorithm has a better worst-case performance than the straightforward algorithm. KMP spends a little time precomputing a table (on the order of the size of W[], O(k)), and then it uses that table to do an efficient search of the string in O(n). The difference is that KMP makes use of previous match information that the straightforward algorithm does not. In the example above, when KMP sees a trial match fail on the 1000th character (i = 999) because S[m+999] ≠ W[999], it will increment m by 1, but it will know that the first 998 characters at the new position already match. KMP matched 999 A characters before discovering a mismatch at the 1000th character (position 999). Advancing the trial match position m by one throws away the first A, so KMP knows there are 998 A characters that match W[] and does not retest them; that is, KMP sets i to 998. KMP maintains its knowledge in the precomputed table and two state variables. When KMP discovers a mismatch, the table determines how much KMP will increase (variable m) and where it will resume testing (variable i). KMP algorithm Example of the search algorithm To illustrate the algorithm's details, consider a (relatively artificial) run of the algorithm, where W = "ABCDABD" and S = "ABC ABCDAB ABCDABCDABDE". At any given time, the algorithm is in a state determined by two integers: m, denoting the position within S where the prospective match for W begins, i, denoting the index of the currently considered character in W. In each step the algorithm compares S[m+i] with W[i] and increments i if they are equal. This is depicted, at the start of the run, like 1 2 m: 01234567890123456789012 S: W: i: The algorithm compares successive characters of W to "parallel" characters of S, moving from one to the next by incrementing i if they match. However, in the fourth step S[3] = ' ' does not match W[3] = 'D'. Rather than beginning to search again at S[1], we note that no 'A' occurs between positions 1 and 2 in S; hence, having checked all those characters previously (and knowing they matched the corresponding characters in W), there is no chance of finding the beginning of a match. Therefore, the algorithm sets m = 3 and i = 0. 1 2 m: 01234567890123456789012 S: ABC W: i: This match fails at the initial character, so the algorithm sets m = 4 and i = 0 1 2 m: 01234567890123456789012 S: ABC W: i: Here, i increments through a nearly complete match "ABCDAB" until i = 6 giving a mismatch at W[6] and S[10]. However, just prior to the end of the current partial match, there was that substring "AB" that could be the beginning of a new match, so the algorithm must take this into consideration. As these characters match the two characters prior to the current position, those characters need not be checked again; the algorithm sets m = 8 (the start of the initial prefix) and i = 2 (signaling the first two characters match) and continues matching. Thus the algorithm not only omits previously matched characters of S (the "AB"), but also previously matched characters of W (the prefix "AB"). 1 2 m: 01234567890123456789012 S: ABC ABCD W: i: This search at the new position fails immediately because W[2] (a 'C') does not match S[10] (a ' '). As in the first trial, the mismatch causes the algorithm to return to the beginning of W and begins searching at the mismatched character position of S: m = 10, reset i = 0. 1 2 m: 01234567890123456789012 S: ABC ABCDAB W: i: The match at m=10 fails immediately, so the algorithm next tries m = 11 and i = 0. 1 2 m: 01234567890123456789012 S: ABC ABCDAB W: i: Once again, the algorithm matches "ABCDAB", but the next character, 'C', does not match the final character 'D' of the word W. Reasoning as before, the algorithm sets m = 15, to start at the two-character string "AB" leading up to the current position, set i = 2, and continue matching from the current position. 1 2 m: 01234567890123456789012 S: ABC ABCDAB ABCD W: i: This time the match is complete, and the first character of the match is S[15]. Description of pseudocode for the search algorithm The above example contains all the elements of the algorithm. For the moment, we assume the existence of a "partial match" table T, described below, which indicates where we need to look for the start of a new match when a mismatch is found. The entries of T are constructed so that if we have a match starting at S[m] that fails when comparing S[m + i] to W[i], then the next possible match will start at index m + i - T[i] in S (that is, T[i] is the amount of "backtracking" we need to do after a mismatch). This has two implications: first, T[0] = -1, which indicates that if W[0] is a mismatch, we cannot backtrack and must simply check the next character; and second, although the next possible match will begin at index m + i - T[i], as in the example above, we need not actually check any of the T[i] characters after that, so that we continue searching from W[T[i]]. The following is a sample pseudocode implementation of the KMP search algorithm. algorithm kmp_search: input: an array of characters, S (the text to be searched) an array of characters, W (the word sought) output: an array of integers, P (positions in S at which W is found) an integer, nP (number of positions) define variables: an integer, j ← 0 (the position of the current character in S) an integer, k ← 0 (the position of the current character in W) an array of integers, T (the table, computed elsewhere) let nP ← 0 while j < length(S) do if W[k] = S[j] then let j ← j + 1 let k ← k + 1 if k = length(W) then (occurrence found, if only first occurrence is needed, m ← j - k may be returned here) let P[nP] ← j - k, nP ← nP + 1 let k ← T[k] (T[length(W)] can't be -1) else let k ← T[k] if k < 0 then let j ← j + 1 let k ← k + 1 Efficiency of the search algorithm Assuming the prior existence of the table T, the search portion of the Knuth–Morris–Pratt algorithm has complexity O(n), where n is the length of S and the O is big-O notation. Except for the fixed overhead incurred in entering and exiting the function, all the computations are performed in the while loop. To bound the number of iterations of this loop; observe that T is constructed so that if a match which had begun at S[m] fails while comparing S[m + i] to W[i], then the next possible match must begin at S[m + (i - T[i])]. In particular, the next possible match must occur at a higher index than m, so that T[i] < i. This fact implies that the loop can execute at most 2n times, since at each iteration it executes one of the two branches in the loop. The first branch invariably increases i and does not change m, so that the index m + i of the currently scrutinized character of S is increased. The second branch adds i - T[i] to m, and as we have seen, this is always a positive number. Thus the location m of the beginning of the current potential match is increased. At the same time, the second branch leaves m + i unchanged, for m gets i - T[i] added to it, and immediately after T[i] gets assigned as the new value of i, hence new_m + new_i = old_m + old_i - T[old_i] + T[old_i] = old_m + old_i. Now, the loop ends if m + i = n; therefore, each branch of the loop can be reached at most n times, since they respectively increase either m + i or m, and m ≤ m + i: if m = n, then certainly m + i ≥ n, so that since it increases by unit increments at most, we must have had m + i = n at some point in the past, and therefore either way we would be done. Thus the loop executes at most 2n times, showing that the time complexity of the search algorithm is O(n). Here is another way to think about the runtime: Let us say we begin to match W and S at position i and p. If W exists as a substring of S at p, then W[0..m] = S[p..p+m]. Upon success, that is, the word and the text matched at the positions (W[i] = S[p+i]), we increase i by 1. Upon failure, that is, the word and the text do not match at the positions (W[i] ≠ S[p+i]), the text pointer is kept still, while the word pointer is rolled back a certain amount (i = T[i], where T is the jump table), and we attempt to match W[T[i]] with S[p+i]. The maximum number of roll-back of i is bounded by i, that is to say, for any failure, we can only roll back as much as we have progressed up to the failure. Then it is clear the runtime is 2n. "Partial match" table (also known as "failure function") The goal of the table is to allow the algorithm not to match any character of S more than once. The key observation about the nature of a linear search that allows this to happen is that in having checked some segment of the main string against an initial segment of the pattern, we know exactly at which places a new potential match which could continue to the current position could begin prior to the current position. In other words, we "pre-search" the pattern itself and compile a list of all possible fallback positions that bypass a maximum of hopeless characters while not sacrificing any potential matches in doing so. We want to be able to look up, for each position in W, the length of the longest possible initial segment of W leading up to (but not including) that position, other than the full segment starting at W[0] that just failed to match; this is how far we have to backtrack in finding the next match. Hence T[i] is exactly the length of the longest possible proper initial segment of W which is also a segment of the substring ending at W[i - 1]. We use the convention that the empty string has length 0. Since a mismatch at the very start of the pattern is a special case (there is no possibility of backtracking), we set T[0] = -1, as discussed below. Working example of the table-building algorithm We consider the example of W = "ABCDABD" first. We will see that it follows much the same pattern as the main search, and is efficient for similar reasons. We set T[0] = -1. To find T[1], we must discover a proper suffix of "A" which is also a prefix of pattern W. But there are no proper suffixes of "A", so we set T[1] = 0. To find T[2], we see that the substring W[0] - W[1] ("AB") has a proper suffix "B". However "B" is not a prefix of the pattern W. Therefore, we set T[2] = 0. Continuing to T[3], we first check the proper suffix of length 1, and as in the previous case it fails. Should we also check longer suffixes? No, we now note that there is a shortcut to checking all suffixes: let us say that we discovered a proper suffix which is a proper prefix (A proper prefix of a string is not equal to the string itself) and ending at W[2] with length 2 (the maximum possible); then its first character is also a proper prefix of W, hence a proper prefix itself, and it ends at W[1], which we already determined did not occur as T[2] = 0 and not T[2] = 1. Hence at each stage, the shortcut rule is that one needs to consider checking suffixes of a given size m+1 only if a valid suffix of size m was found at the previous stage (i.e. T[x] = m) and should not bother to check m+2, m+3, etc. Therefore, we need not even concern ourselves with substrings having length 2, and as in the previous case the sole one with length 1 fails, so T[3] = 0. We pass to the subsequent W[4], 'A'. The same logic shows that the longest substring we need to consider has length 1, and as in the previous case it fails since "D" is not a prefix of W. But instead of setting T[4] = 0, we can do better by noting that W[4] = W[0], and also that a look-up of T[4] implies the corresponding S character, S[m+4], was a mismatch and therefore S[m+4] ≠ 'A'. Thus there is no point in restarting the search at S[m+4]; we should begin at 1 position ahead. This means that we may shift pattern W by match length plus one character, so T[4] = -1. Considering now the next character, W[5], which is 'B': though by inspection the longest substring would appear to be 'A', we still set T[5] = 0. The reasoning is similar to why T[4] = -1. W[5] itself extends the prefix match begun with W[4], and we can assume that the corresponding character in S, S[m+5] ≠ 'B'. So backtracking before W[5] is pointless, but S[m+5] may be 'A', hence T[5] = 0. Finally, we see that the next character in the ongoing segment starting at W[4] = 'A' would be 'B', and indeed this is also W[5]. Furthermore, the same argument as above shows that we need not look before W[4] to find a segment for W[6], so that this is it, and we take T[6] = 2. Therefore, we compile the following table: Another example: Another example (slightly changed from the previous example): Another more complicated example: Description of pseudocode for the table-building algorithm The example above illustrates the general technique for assembling the table with a minimum of fuss. The principle is that of the overall search: most of the work was already done in getting to the current position, so very little needs to be done in leaving it. The only minor complication is that the logic which is correct late in the string erroneously gives non-proper substrings at the beginning. This necessitates some initialization code. algorithm kmp_table: input: an array of characters, W (the word to be analyzed) output: an array of integers, T (the table to be filled) define variables: an integer, pos ← 1 (the current position we are computing in T) an integer, cnd ← 0 (the zero-based index in W of the next character of the current candidate substring) let T[0] ← -1 while pos < length(W) do if W[pos] = W[cnd] then let T[pos] ← T[cnd] else let T[pos] ← cnd while cnd ≥ 0 and W[pos] ≠ W[cnd] do let cnd ← T[cnd] let pos ← pos + 1, cnd ← cnd + 1 let T[pos] ← cnd (only needed when all word occurrences are searched) Efficiency of the table-building algorithm The time (and space) complexity of the table algorithm is , where is the length of W. The outer loop: pos is initialized to 1, the loop condition is pos < k, and pos is increased by 1 in every iteration of the loop. Thus the loop will take iterations. The inner loop: cnd is initialized to 0 and gets increased by at most 1 in each outer loop iteration. T[cnd] is always less than cnd, so cnd gets decreased by at least 1 in each inner loop iteration; the inner loop condition is cnd ≥ 0. This means that the inner loop can execute at most as many times in total, as the outer loop has executed – each decrease of cnd by 1 in the inner loop needs to have a corresponding increase by 1 in the outer loop. Since the outer loop takes iterations, the inner loop can take no more than iterations in total. Combined, the outer and inner loops take at most iterations. This corresponds to time complexity using the Big O notation. Efficiency of the KMP algorithm Since the two portions of the algorithm have, respectively, complexities of O(k) and O(n), the complexity of the overall algorithm is O(n + k). These complexities are the same, no matter how many repetitive patterns are in W or S. Variants A real-time version of KMP can be implemented using a separate failure function table for each character in the alphabet. If a mismatch occurs on character in the text, the failure function table for character is consulted for the index in the pattern at which the mismatch took place. This will return the length of the longest substring ending at matching a prefix of the pattern, with the added condition that the character after the prefix is . With this restriction, character in the text need not be checked again in the next phase, and so only a constant number of operations are executed between the processing of each index of the text. This satisfies the real-time computing restriction. Booth's algorithm uses a modified version of the KMP preprocessing function to find the lexicographically minimal string rotation. The failure function is progressively calculated as the string is rotated. Notes References External links String Searching Applet animation An explanation of the algorithm and sample C++ code by David Eppstein Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm description and C code by Christian Charras and Thierry Lecroq Explanation of the algorithm from scratch by H.W. Lang Breaking down steps of running KMP by Chu-Cheng Hsieh. NPTELHRD YouTube lecture video LogicFirst YouTube lecture video Proof of correctness Transformation between different forms of algorithm Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm written in C# Knuth-Morris-Pratt string-searching algorithm (part I) + my homebrew algorithms formally verified using CBMC, Knuth-Morris-Pratt string-searching algorithm (part II): DFA version, Knuth-Morris-Pratt string-searching algorithm (part III): DFA-less version KMP algorithm search time complexity explained in plain English String matching algorithms Donald Knuth Articles with example pseudocode 1970 in computing
Distributed agile software development is a research area that considers the effects of applying the principles of agile software development to a globally distributed development setting, with the goal of overcoming challenges in projects which are geographically distributed. The principles of agile software development provide structures to promote better communication, which is an important factor in successfully working in a distributed setting. However, not having face-to-face interaction takes away one of the core agile principles. This makes distributed agile software development more challenging than agile software development in general. History / Research The increasing globalization with the aid of novel capabilities provided by the technological efficacy of the Internet has led software development companies to offshore their development efforts to more economically attractive areas. This phenomenon began in the 90s, while its strategic importance was realized in the 2000s. Most initial related studies also date from around this time. During this time, the Agile Manifesto was released, which represents an evolution from the prevailing heavyweight approaches to software development. This naturally led to the question, "can distributed software development be agile?". One of the first comprehensive reviews trying to answer this question was done in 2006. By studying three organizations, they found that “careful incorporation of agility in distributed software development environments is essential in addressing several challenges to communication, control, and trust across distributed teams”. Later, in 2014, a systematic literature review (SLR) was done to identify the main problems in getting agile to work in a distributed fashion. In 2019, a similar SLR was done. Moreover, a general review on the subject was done in. However, a 2023 systematic review found "that Distributed Scrum has no impact, positive or negative on overall project success" in distributed software development. The results of some of this research will be discussed in the section Challenges & Risks. In all, distributed agile software development remains a highly dynamic field. Research continues to be done on all of its facets, indicating that it offers unique opportunities and advantages over more traditional methods, but not without imposing its own challenges and risks. Opportunities In the distributed environment, one might have difficulties in keeping track of everyone's workload and contribution towards the deliverable. Through adoption of agile principles and practices, the visibility is made clearer as there are multiple iterations where one can visualize the issues or criticalities on the initial stages of the project. Continuous integration of programming code, which is one of the focal pieces of agile software development, additionally serves to reduce setup of the executive issues. Adopting of agile principles appears to positively affect correspondence between groups as advancement in cycles makes it simpler for members to see the short-term objectives. Sprint reviews can be seen as a powerful method to improve external correspondence whilst they help to share data about the features and prerequisite conditions between partners or stakeholders. Agile practices also assist in building trust between various teams associated with the process by stimulating consistent communication and conveyance of programming deliverables. As indicated by an investigation made by Passivara, Durasiewicz and, Lassenius, the software quality and correspondence are improved and communication and coordinated effort are more regular comparatively as a result of the Scrum approach utilized in the undertaking. Additionally, the inspiration of colleagues was accounted for to have expanded. Along these lines, adopting agile practices in a distributed environment has demonstrated to be valuable for the quality of the project and its execution. Thus, these can be seen as some of the advantages achieved by combining agile in distributed development, however, the list is exhaustive. The main benefits can be listed as follows: Enhanced inter and intra cultural diversity The distributed environment brings about a sense of global mindset over the local mindset, where the team can exchange and accept the other's ideas, perceptions, culture, aesthetics etc. Members from a wide range of cultures get the opportunity to gain and share knowledge from their associates, from an alternate point of view. In this manner, they can carry new plans to the task by considering out of the box. Flexible working plans The team members can be benefited with abundant freedom and opportunities on the way of working, with the sole aim being completing the tasks and handing in the deliverables on time. This also makes way for an expanded duty to the organization. In that way, the employees can balance both their professional and personal lives, and hence, the work-life balance can also be achieved that way. Traversing time-zones The teams can span multiple time-zones, in this manner access as long as the 24-hour limit can be achieved. This increases productivity as people are hired all around the globe. The job to be done is never put to a halt as someone is always around to handle the issue. This also ensures the work is carried out 24/7 around the Sun and there is almost no down-time. As a distributed environment focuses more on productivity and performance, the handing-off of the work helps in accomplishing the task. Individuals with incapacities and mobility limitations As mentioned, the distributed agile environment establishes more importance on productivity and performance, rather than presence. This benefits people with disabilities as they have the freedom to work from an environment that is comfortable for them and contribute to the deliverable. This scenario is also applicable when the employee cannot be present in office and clock-in the hours, he can work from home to complete the tasks, thus, not affecting the deliverable. Increased levels of prosperity Working in a distributed agile environment ensures an enhanced level of prosperity and well-being, both of the individuals and of the company. This is because there is not much stress on only one individual to complete the work as the work is distributed to multiple people across the globe. Thus, this ensures physical and mental well-being. Also, as multiple people contribute their part and it goes through a number of iterations, the end quality of the work is enhanced, which is beneficial for the company. Hence, it is a win-win situation for both the company and its employees. Reduced travel costs Working in a distributed environment often brings up the need for discussions and meetings on the targets, deadlines, work, etc. However, this adoption of agile principles and practices in a distributed environment helps in reducing the travel costs as it opens up the platform to communicate via video conferencing and other feasible options. This breaks down the need for physical presence, and enhances the idea of face-to-face interaction, so the meetings can be conducted from any part of the world and be made accessible to the others in the team. Iterative idea of agile As the progress of the work is in an iterative fashion, a regular check can be done to track the status of the deliverable and if all the members are on the same page in the level of understanding. Also, this way makes it easier in identifying errors and bugs and can be corrected in the earlier stages as the process goes through multiple iterations. The increased input in each stage of the work results in improved quality of deliverable. Extensive pool of HR As the same work is being carried out in different parts of the world, it increases the range of abilities of the group by getting to a more extensive pool of Human Resources worldwide. This introduces the need for all the HRs acting as one mind to enforce collaborations and decision-making in different verticals and horizontals within an organization, as well as to communicating with stakeholders and prioritizing the deliverable. Reduces office space The distributed agile environment enhances the idea of remote working, hence the need for expanding office spaces to accommodate more employees is not required anymore. Also, the different work-related things like electricity, computers, car-parking lots, etc. are not of major concern as the employees have the liberty to work from their desired environment. This, in a way, is beneficial as it helps in saving a huge amount of money that would be spent on these overhead expenses otherwise. Iterative improvement with continuous delivery to the client is a central practice in agile software improvement, and one that legitimately identifies one of the significant difficulties of an offshore turn of events: diminished perceivability into project status. Regular physical meetings allow team leaders, project managers, clients, and customers to keep track of the progress of the project by the measure of working programming they have obtained. Challenges & Risks Distributed software development has its own inherent challenges due to spatial, temporal, and socio-cultural differences between distributed teams. Combining it with agile principles and practices, in turn, increases the severity of the risks involved, as both methods are in direct contrast with each other. Agile software development was originally designed to be used by co-located teams, as it is based on informal communication and close collaboration. Distributed development, however, requires formal communication, clear standards, set guidelines and rigid structure. This section describes the risks and challenges involved in distributed agile software development as a result of the aforementioned compatibility issues. Challenges As a result of the incompatibility with which one is faced in combining agile principles and practices in a distributed setting, some of the challenges which can arise are as follows.: Documentation Offshore organizations favor plan-driven design where detailed requirements are sent offshore to be constructed. This conflicts with the common practice of agile teams who give documentation a lower priority. The result of this situation is that misunderstandings are a lot more likely to arise. Pair programming Pair programming, where two programmers work side by side to work on a particular problem is a common agile practice. It has been shown to yield better products in less time while keeping the programmers content in the process. Because of the distance between teams this is a lot harder to achieve. Different time zones Depending on the time zone of each distributed team it makes it more challenging to arrange meetings at times when both teams are available. The situation can easily arise in which one team member is available and the other is not for meetings. This especially is a problem if an immediate task has components of the program which are tightly coupled, in such a case one team would not be able to proceed without the feedback of the other. Teaching In a distributed setting the downside of not being able to practice close communication is most felt with inexperienced developers who need to go through a training phase. Training employees who are not co-located is challenging, think of the differences in background and cultural differences which make it difficult to bring these inexperienced team members up to speed. Because of this, alternative ways of teaching need to be considered. Distribution of work With regards to distribution of work we want to avoid the architecture to reflect the team's geographical distribution by distributing the work based on the location. It is better to distribute tasks relating to a single user story across the whole team, thinking in terms of the stories, not the components. Over specialization by geographical location and/or component is a sign that your team is dealing badly with the communication challenges posed to the distributed teams. This over specialization has the unintended consequence of changing the product to suit the development, not the customer's requirements. Risks A study done in 2013 has tried to consolidate the literature on risk management in distributed Agile development. A more comprehensive study has tried to categorize the risk factors for distributed Agile projects in, this was done utilizing both research literature and real-world experience from thirteen IT organizations. For the sake of brevity, the full list of 45 risk factors, with corresponding management techniques is omitted. Instead, a brief summary of the main categories and overall management techniques is given. Software Development Life Cycle This category comprises the risk factors related to various activities of software development like customer specification of requirements and planning, modeling, construction and deployment of software application. Many of the risk factors in this category stem from ineffective knowledge sharing. Unclear objectives, requirements, differences in practices of standard processes or inconsistencies across designs to name a few. Many of these risks can be managed by making sure that knowledge is shared effectively. More specifically, make sure that the objective of the project is crystal clear across teams, as well as the requirements. Automate and standardize as much of the development cycle as possible, so that each team is working with the same technology stack and infrastructure. In short, ensure that everyone is on the same page. Project Management Project management relates to tasks such as project planning, project organizing, project staffing, project directing and control. This category involves risks due to interactions between development activities, and managerial activities. The adoption of distributed Agile development will transform the way in which the project needs to be managed. If this is not done carefully, risks might include a lower initial velocity, teams reorganizing every sprint or, a lack of uniformity in multisite team's capabilities. Group Awareness Risk factors related to a lack of group awareness are grouped in this category. Group awareness requires intensive communication, coordination, collaboration, and trust among the group members. Co-located teams achieve this awareness more easily, as it flows more naturally from being in the same physical location. To manage the risks involved with a lack of group awareness, spatially dispersed teams will have to use a more disciplined approach in communication using the latest technological tools. Practices such as co-locating initially, to set the track for the project, have proved to be effective in managing risk. External Stakeholder Collaboration These factors relate to the collaboration with customers, vendors, and third-party developers. Managing its risks boils down to making sure that the coordination and communication with these external actors are done efficiently and clearly. Technology Setup Risk factors that arise due to inappropriate tool usage are grouped in this category. For example, a lack of communication structure can be solved by providing the teams with the means to do video conference calls. Besides that, choosing the right tools to use during a project is important. This can vary across projects, teams and use cases, so an analysis beforehand on the tools to use is recommended. Tools and best practices Communication One of the most important factors in overcoming the challenges faced with distributed agile software development is to improve communication. This means minimizing the time it takes to set up and tear down a communication session and favor video conferencing over voice conferencing if it is available. Face-to-face contact opportunities with the whole team should be encouraged in order to help build rapport. It is beneficial to do this at the start to set out a plan to which the team can adhere throughout the project. In addition, it is also beneficial in the last few iterations before the release of the final deliverable. Time-zone differences One option with regards to dealing with the problem of availability for meetings due to time zones is to appoint a representative for the team which serves as an intermediary for the two teams having formed good rapport with both. Another option is to use nested Scrum with multilevel reporting and multiple daily Scrum meetings. A solution for having Scrum meetings in teams which cope with time-zone differences is making a distinction between local team meetings and global Scrum meetings. Each team has a local meeting at the start of their day and a global meeting at another time of the day. This is only possible if their working days have overlapping time. Keeping up with agile practices Due to the distributed nature, a team might veer off of solid established agile practices. Therefore, there should be someone with the role of the coach that keeps the team on track. They should also take it upon themselves to think of alternatives for the distributed work environment using agile practices. To keep every team member informed about the adopted agile approach, it is important to maintain documentation for the project. This improves the group collaboration in using agile principles and practices in a distributed software development setting . For this, various tools can be used which support the team in maintaining the documentation. Use of tools Various tools and platforms can be used to improve communication in a distributed setting. These are even more essential than in a non-distributed setting in order to minimize the virtual distance between the distributed teams. Communication There are various tools available to support communication in distributed software development. Asynchronous tools like e-mail, synchronous tools like audio and video conferencing software and hybrid tools like instant messaging provide team members with the means to have the necessary meetings and communications. Another example is tools that support social networking to create a shared experience between team members across locations. Project management To guide the project and make sure that all teams and team members have a clear vision of what work has to be done, project management platforms like issue management tools should be used. Development tools To provide a shared experience for every team member, every team member should have access to the same tools for their development. Having the same software configuration management tools linked to project management tools enables developers to work at the same pace and communicate about the development in a similar way. Knowledge management To give every team member access to the same knowledge about the product and the development, tools like Wiki software or knowledge bases can be used. Compatibility with the Agile Manifesto The values and principles of the Agile Manifesto have been explored in their applicability in a distributed work environment in 12 case studies. The studies have followed software companies that applied distributed agile software development in their projects. Among the 12 cases, 10 onshore companies were located in the U.S. and seven offshore companies were located in India. The findings are summarized in the following table: From this we learn that all case studies emphasized the first value of the Agile Manifesto which states that individuals and interactions should be valued over processes and tools. The Agile Manifesto prefers working software over comprehensive documentation without necessarily negating documentation completely. This value is also reflected in the majority of the cases. Only four cases have been identified which emphasize the importance of customer collaboration over contract negotiation. As can clearly be seen from the table the fourth value has been adopted the least out of all the values by the software companies: “instead of strictly following the agile development practices as commonly defined, the companies continuously tweak them to fit the evolving needs of their projects”. With regards to agile principles it isn't a surprise that face-to-face conversation with the development team has been valued by all the studies. This was simulated electronically between the onshore and offshore teams. On whether to be open to change requirements even late in development none of the software companies in the study provided details. By this we can assume that it wasn't considered as important as some of the other principles. References External links Agile Manifesto Agile Glossary Agile Patterns Software project management Agile software development
The second cabinet of Ion Antonescu was the government of Romania from 14 September 1940 to 24 January 1941. On September 14, Romania was declared a "National Legionary State". On 23 November 1940, Romania joined the Axis powers. The cabinet ended in a failed coup. Ministers The ministers of the cabinet were as follows: President of the Council of Ministers: Gen. Ion Antonescu (14 September 1940 - 24 January 1941) Vice President of the Council of Ministers: Horia Sima (14 September 1940 - 20 January 1941) Mihai A. Antonescu (20 - 24 January 1941) Minister of State Secretary for the Department of Foreign Affairs: Mihail R. Sturdza (14 September 1940 - 20 January 1941) Gen. Ion Antonescu (20 - 24 January 1941) Minister of State Secretary for the Department of Internal Affairs: Gen. Constantin Petrovicescu (14 September 1940 - 20 January 1941) Gen. Dumitru I. Popescu (20 - 24 January 1941) Minister of State Secretary for the Department of Justice: Mihai A. Antonescu (14 September 1940 - 24 January 1941) Minister of State Secretary for the Department of National Defence: Gen. Ion Antonescu (14 September 1940 - 24 January 1941) Minister of State Secretary for the Department of National Economy: Gheorghe N. Leon (14 September - 10 November 1940) Mircea Cancicov (10 November 1940 - 24 January 1941) Minister of State Secretary for the Department of Finance: George Cretzianu (14 September 1940 - 24 January 1941) Minister of State Secretary for the Department of Agriculture and Property Nicolae Mareș (14 September 1940 - 24 January 1941) Minister of State Secretary for the Department of Public Works and Communications: Pompiliu Nicolau (14 September - 23 October 1940) Ion Protopopescu (23 October 1940 - 23 January 1941) Minister of State Secretary for the Department of Labour, Health and Social Security: Vasile Iașinschi (14 September 1940 - 21 January 1941) Minister of State Secretary for the Department of National Education, Religious Affairs and the Arts: Traian Brăileanu (14 September 1940 - 21 January 1941) Minister of State Secretary for Coordination and Economic Status: Lt. Col. Nicolae Dragomir (14 September 1940 - 24 January 1941) References Cabinets of Romania Cabinets established in 1940 Cabinets disestablished in 1941 1940 establishments in Romania 1941 disestablishments in Romania
The ADI Sportster is a two-seat gyroplane that has been marketed in plans form for homebuilding since 1974 by Aircraft Designs Inc. It was the first homebuilt gyrocopter design to be able to carry a passenger. The design first flew in 1974 and is built from bolted and riveted dural aluminium sheet. The rotor blades use an NACA 8H12 airfoil Specifications References Homebuilt aircraft 1970s United States sport aircraft Single-engined pusher autogyros Sportster Aircraft first flown in 1974
A scute or scutum (Latin: scutum; plural: scuta "shield") is a bony external plate or scale overlaid with horn, as on the shell of a turtle, the skin of crocodilians, and the feet of birds. The term is also used to describe the anterior portion of the mesonotum in insects as well as some arachnids (e.g., the family Ixodidae, the scale ticks). Properties Scutes are similar to scales and serve the same function. Unlike the scales of lizards and snakes, which are formed from the epidermis, scutes are formed in the lower vascular layer of the skin and the epidermal element is only the top surface . Forming in the living dermis, the scutes produce a horny outer layer that is superficially similar to that of scales. Scutes will usually not overlap as snake scales (but see the pangolin). The outer keratin layer is shed piecemeal, and not in one continuous layer of skin as seen in snakes or lizards. The dermal base may contain bone and produce dermal armour. Scutes with a bony base are properly called osteoderms. Dermal scutes are also found in the feet of birds and tails of some mammals, and are believed to be the primitive form of dermal armour in reptiles. The term is also used to describe the heavy armour of the armadillo and the extinct Glyptodon, and is occasionally used as an alternative to scales in describing snakes or certain fishes, such as sturgeons, shad, herring, and menhaden. Mammals Prehistoric ancestors of mammals, the synapsids, are thought to have scutes which were later reduced and replaced by hair. Excluding the attachment surface of fingernails, armoured scutes or scales are almost never seen in modern mammals. The horny scales of pangolins are only rarely called scutes, but "scute" is used to describe the heavy armour of the armadillo. Turtles The turtle's shell is covered by scutes formed mostly of keratin. They are built similarly to horn, beak, or nail in other species. Fish Some fish, such as pineconefish, are completely or partially covered in scutes. River herrings and threadfins have an abdominal row of scutes, which are scales with raised, sharp points that are used for protection. Some jacks have a row of scutes following the lateral line on either side. Sturgeon have five rows of scutes instead of scales. Birds The tarsometatarsus and toes of most birds are covered in two types of scales. Large scutes run along the dorsal side of the tarsometatarsus and toes, whereas smaller scutellae run along the sides. Both structures share histochemical homology with reptilian scales, however work on their evolutionary development has revealed that the scales in bird feet have secondarily evolved via suppression of the feather-building genetic program. Unblocking the feather suppression program results in feathers growing in place of scales along the tarsometatarsus and toes. Dinosaur species very close to the origin of birds have been shown to have had "hind wings" made of feathers growing from these areas, suggesting that the acquisition of feathers in dinosaurs was a whole-body event. The bottoms of bird feet are covered in small, keeled scale-like structures known as reticulae. Evolutionary developmental studies on these scale-like structures have revealed that they are composed entirely of alpha keratin (true epidermal scales are composed of a mix of alpha and beta keratin). These data have led some researchers to suggest that reticulae are in fact highly truncated feathers. Insects and other arthropods The term "scutum" is also used in insect anatomy, as an alternative name for the anterior portion of the mesonotum (and, technically, the metanotum, though rarely applied in that context). In the hard ticks, the Ixodidae, the scutum is a rigid, sclerotised plate on the anterior dorsal surface, just posterior to the head. In species with eyes, the eyes are on the surface of the scutum. The flexible exoskeleton posterior to the rigid scutum of the female tick, is called the alloscutum, the region that stretches to accommodate the blood with which the mature female tick becomes engorged. Males do not engorge nearly as drastically as females, so they do not need a flexible alloscutum; instead the rigid scutum covers practically the entire dorsal surface posterior to the head, and may be referred to specifically as the conscutum. In some species of Opiliones, fused abdominal segments are referred to as a scutum. See also Fish scutes Osteoderms Scale (zoology) Snake scales Keratin Skin Skeleton References Animal anatomy Dinosaur anatomy de:Hornschuppe sv:Fjäll (zoologi)
Events from the year 1916 in Canada. Incumbents Crown Monarch – George V Federal government Governor General – Duke of Connaught and Strathearn (until November 11) then Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire Prime Minister – Robert Borden Chief Justice – Charles Fitzpatrick (Quebec) Parliament – 12th Provincial governments Lieutenant governors Lieutenant Governor of Alberta – Robert Brett Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia – Francis Stillman Barnard Lieutenant Governor of Manitoba – Douglas Colin Cameron (until August 3) then James Albert Manning Aikins Lieutenant Governor of New Brunswick – Josiah Wood Lieutenant Governor of Nova Scotia – David MacKeen (until November 13) then MacCallum Grant (from November 29) Lieutenant Governor of Ontario – John Strathearn Hendrie Lieutenant Governor of Prince Edward Island – Augustine Colin Macdonald Lieutenant Governor of Quebec – Pierre-Évariste Leblanc Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan – Richard Stuart Lake Premiers Premier of Alberta – Arthur Sifton Premier of British Columbia – William John Bowser (until November 23) then Harlan Brewster Premier of Manitoba – Tobias Norris Premier of New Brunswick – George Johnson Clarke Premier of Nova Scotia – George Henry Murray Premier of Ontario – William Hearst Premier of Prince Edward Island – John Mathieson Premier of Quebec – Lomer Gouin Premier of Saskatchewan – Thomas Walter Scott (until October 20) then William Melville Martin Territorial governments Commissioners Commissioner of Yukon – George Black (until October 13) then George Norris Williams (acting) Gold Commissioner of Yukon – George P. MacKenzie Commissioner of Northwest Territories – Frederick D. White Events January to June January 28 – Women are given the right to vote in Manitoba, after protests by people such as Nellie McClung February 3 – The Centre Block of the Parliament Buildings in Ottawa burns down February 10 – An anti-German riot hits Calgary March 14 – Saskatchewan women get the vote April 19 – Alberta women get the vote June – Rodeo's first side-delivery chute is designed and made by the Bascom brothers on their Bar-B-3 Ranch at Welling, Alberta. May 7 – The Government of Canada authorizes the creation of an all black battalion that became No. 2 Construction Battalion, Canadian Expeditionary Force. June 1 – June 13 – WWI: Canadians fight in the Battle of Mont Sorrel July to December July 1 – Prohibition of alcohol introduced in Alberta July 1 – November 18 25,000 Canadians and Newfoundlanders are casualties at the Battle of the Somme July 24 – Earl Bascom enters his first steer riding contest at Welling, Alberta. July 29 – The Matheson Fire in the region northwest of North Bay, Ontario, begins. It eventually kills between 200 and 250 people and destroys six towns, including Matheson and Cochrane August 11 – The 4th Canadian Division arrives in France October 20 – William M. Martin becomes premier of Saskatchewan, replacing Walter Scott November 23 – Harlan Brewster becomes premier of British Columbia, replacing William John Bowser December 1 – An Order in Council authorizes an increase of troops to 500,000 in the First World War Full date unknown Victor Cavendish, 9th Duke of Devonshire becomes Governor General of Canada replacing Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught The National Research Council of Canada is established. The first Doukhobors arrive in Alberta Emily Murphy became the first female magistrate in Canada, and in the British Empire. Arts and literature New works Lucy Maud Montgomery – The Watchman & Other Poems Max Aitken – Canada in Flanders Alfred Laliberté – Les petits Baigneurs Sport March 30 – The National Hockey Association's Montreal Canadiens beat the Portland Rosebuds of the Pacific Coast Hockey Association 3 games to 2 to win their first Stanley Cup. All Games were played at the Montreal Arena Births January to June January 22 – Bill Durnan, ice hockey player (d.1972) February 4 – Pudlo Pudlat, artist (d.1992) February 10 – Claude Bissell, author and educator (d.2000) February 18 – Jean Drapeau, lawyer, politician and Mayor of Montreal (d.1999) February 23 – Molly Kool, North America's first registered female sea captain (d.2009) March 10 – Davie Fulton, politician and judge (d.2000) April 18 – Ian Wahn, politician and lawyer (d.1999) April 27 – Myfanwy Pavelic, artist (d.2007) May 3 – Léopold Simoneau, lyric tenor (d.2006) May 4 – Jane Jacobs, urbanist, writer and activist (d.2006) May 30 – Jack Dennett, radio and television announcer (d.1975) June 20 – Jean-Jacques Bertrand, politician and 21st Premier of Quebec (d.1973) July to December July 16 – John Gallagher, geologist and businessman (d.1998) July 21 – Wilfred Cantwell Smith, professor of comparative religion (d.2000) August 1 – Anne Hébert, author and poet (d.2000) September 5 – Frank Shuster, comedian (d.2002) September 18 – Laura Sabia, social activist and feminist (d.1996) October 9 – Bill Allum, ice hockey player (d.1992) October 30 – Roy Brown Jr., car design engineer (Edsel, Ford Consul, Ford Cortina) (d.2013) November 17 – , businessman (d.2013) November 23 – P. K. Page, poet (d.2010) December 5 – Lomer Brisson, politician and lawyer (d.1981) December 7 – Margaret Carse, dancer December 16 – Harry Gunning, scientist and administrator (d.2002) December 20 – Michel Chartrand, activist (d.2010) December 23 – Ruth Dawson, artist Full date unknown John Wintermeyer, politician (d.1994) Deaths February 3 – Bowman Brown Law, politician (b.1855) May 12 – Joseph-Aldric Ouimet, politician (b.1848) May 29 – Louis-Alphonse Boyer, politician (b.1839) June 27 – Daniel Webster Marsh, businessman and Mayor of Calgary (b.1838) July 28 – Pierre-Amand Landry, lawyer, judge and politician (b.1846) August 8 – Edgar Dewdney, politician, Lieutenant Governor of Northwest Territories and Lieutenant Governor of British Columbia (b.1835) December 12 – Albert Lacombe, missionary (b.1827) Full date unknown Grace Annie Lockhart, first woman in the British Empire to receive a Bachelor's degree (b.1855) See also List of Canadian films Historical documents "There is a big fire" - Parliamentary officer warns MPs sitting in session to get out as fatal fire begins to destroy Centre Block of Parliament buildings Prime Minister Borden appeals to Canadians for service abroad and at home. Prime Minister Borden fires militia minister Lt. Gen. Sam Hughes for insubordination. Warning to Imperial Munitions Board head about Ross rifle's dangerous failings. Charles K. Clarke calls for small hospitals to treat veterans with "intense nervous troubles" that are rapidly curable. Arthur Pearson's letter praising soldier for his rapid progress adjusting to his blindness. 120th City of Hamilton Battalion recruiting advertisement. Cartoonist imagines soldier's vision of Christmas at home. Orderly in Canadian hospital brags about its superiority over British facilities, and his bandaging technique. Canadian nurse in Petrograd's Anglo-Russian Hospital enjoys much local culture. Canadian nurse serving in French army hospital gives poignant description of soldier's funeral. Renaming Berlin (Kitchener), Ont.: anti-change ad, and list of suggested new names. Senator objects to Ontario policy restricting education in French. Testimony regarding sale of Squamish land in Vancouver area. Scores killed as huge forest fire destroys northern Ontario towns. U.S.A. and U.K. sign agreement to conserve North American migratory birds. Political cartoon warns Western Canadian drinkers that prohibition is coming in 1916. References External links Years of the 20th century in Canada Canada Canada
Fuminori (written: 文紀, 文則, 史学, 史規 or 史法) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include: , Japanese voice actor , Japanese writer , Japanese bobsledder , Japanese comedian , Japanese baseball player Fictional Characters Fuminori Sakisaka (匂坂郁紀), the main character of the visual novel Saya no Uta Japanese masculine given names Masculine given names
Danya Ruttenberg (born February 6, 1975) is an American rabbi, editor, and author. Biography Her family attended a Reform synagogue in Chicago, and she described herself as having been atheist around that time. Ruttenberg later became a part of the Conservative movement within Judaism. When she was in college her mother died of breast cancer, and Ruttenberg reconsidered religion, practiced Jewish mourning rituals, which she said allowed her to "make friends with Judaism, to be open to it"; in 2008 she published a memoir of her spiritual awakening titled Surprised by God: How I Learned To Stop Worrying and Love Religion (Beacon Press). This memoir was a finalist for the Sami Rohr Prize for Jewish Literature. She was ordained in 2008 by the Ziegler School of Rabbinic Studies in Los Angeles. In 2016, she published Nurture the Wow: Finding Spirituality in the Frustration, Boredom, Tears, Poop, Desperation, Wonder, and Radical Amazement of Parenting with Flatiron Books, which was named a National Jewish Book Award finalist and a PJ Library Parents' Choice selection. Ruttenberg is the editor of the 2001 anthology Yentl's Revenge: The Next Wave of Jewish Feminism and the 2009 anthology The Passionate Torah: Sex and Judaism. She is also a contributing editor to Lilith and Women in Judaism. She and Rabbi Elliot Dorff are co-editors of three books for the Jewish Publication Society’s Jewish Choices/Jewish Voices series: "Sex and Intimacy", "War and National Security", and "Social Justice". She served as the Senior Jewish Educator at Tufts University Hillel, and subsequently Campus Rabbi at Northwestern Hillel and Director of Education for the campus dialogue program Ask Big Questions. She served as Rabbi in Residence for Avodah. In 2022, Ruttenberg published On Repentance and Repair: Making Amends in an Unapologetic World. Political views In regards to abortion laws, Danya Ruttenberg believes in seeking to preserve the rights to abortion (pro-choice). Danya Ruttenberg stated:"I’m a rabbi and a scholar in residence at the National Council of Jewish Women, which fights to preserve the right to abortion and expand access to the procedure. Our organization’s Rabbis for Repro network includes more than 1,800 Jewish clergy of every denomination committed to supporting abortion access for all. My activism is grounded both in Jewish law and in my tradition’s understanding of our profound commitments to one another."She also is a strong supporter of women's rights. Danya Ruttenberg stated:"As a Jew, I am commanded by the Torah to fight for a just society—one with systems and structures that protect and empower everyone, especially those who are most marginalized and vulnerable. My tradition teaches that we serve God when we care for one another, and this principle animates all of my work at the National Council of Jewish Women, where we strive to improve the lives and rights of women, children, and families through grassroots education and advocacy work—including a 1,000-strong network of Rabbis for Repro—and in all of my writing and public scholarship." Awards and honors Ruttenberg was named one of The Jewish Week "36 Under 36" in 2010 (36 most influential leaders under age 36), and the same year was named one of the top 50 most influential women rabbis by The Jewish Daily Forward. In January 2023, her book On Repentance and Repair won the Contemporary Jewish Life and Practice Award at the 72nd National Jewish Book Awards. References American Conservative rabbis Conservative women rabbis Living people 1975 births Jewish ethicists Conservative Jewish feminists American feminists 21st-century American rabbis
John Wilford Blackstone Jr. (December 22, 1835October 22, 1911) was an American farmer, lawyer, politician, and judge. A Republican, he represented Lafayette County for one term each in the Wisconsin State Senate and Assembly. He also served two four-year terms as County Judge for Lafayette County. Biography Born in White Oak Springs (then part of the Michigan Territory) Blackstone read law with John K. Williams and was admitted to the State Bar of Wisconsin in 1861. He was elected County Judge in Lafayette County that year, commencing his term in January 1862. He served two terms before losing re-election in 1868. In 1873, he returned to office as District Attorney. He served in the Wisconsin State Assembly in the 1879 session and in the Wisconsin State Senate for the 1880 and 1881 sessions. He also worked as an agent of the Bureau of Pensions for three years. Later in life, he moved to Minneapolis, Minnesota, where his daughter, Roccey, resided. He died there in 1911. Personal life and family Blackstone is a direct descendant of William Blaxton (Blackstone), one of the first colonists of the Plymouth Colony, and the first English resident at Boston (1623) and Rhode Island (1635). The name "Blackstone" appears on many landmarks of New England due to his noteworthy ancestor. His father was John Wilford Blackstone, Sr., one of the early pioneers of Lafayette County, who served in the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature and was a judge for Iowa County during the time it was organized under the Michigan Territory. John W. Blackstone Jr. married Ellen E. Hardy, of Platteville, Wisconsin, on June 20, 1862. They had at least four children: Roccey, who married and moved to Minneapolis Jessie, who became principal of the Prescott School in Anaconda, Montana John III, who became editor and publisher of the Southwestern Local in Shullsburg Ralph, who became a freight conductor on the Chicago, Milwaukee, and St. Paul Railroad References External links 1835 births 1911 deaths People from Lafayette County, Wisconsin Wisconsin lawyers Wisconsin state court judges Members of the Wisconsin State Assembly Wisconsin state senators 19th-century American judges 19th-century American lawyers
Victoria Park, also known as the Global Energy Stadium for sponsorship reasons, is an all-seater football stadium in the town of Dingwall, Highland, Scotland. It is the home ground of Ross County, who currently play in the Scottish Premiership. History Victoria Park has a greater capacity than the population of Dingwall, which was 5,491 at the 2011 census. However the County of Ross and Cromarty from which the club draws much of its support has a population of over 60,000. The largest crowd ever to watch a match at Victoria Park was reported as 8,000, for the Scottish Cup match between Ross County and Rangers in February 1966. The revenue from this match helped to fund construction of the Jail End terrace. Ross County played in the Highland League until 1994, when they were admitted to the Scottish Football League Third Division alongside Inverness Caledonian Thistle. Victoria Park then became the most northerly ground in the senior section of the Scottish football league system, until Elgin City were admitted in 2000. Ross County gained promotion to the Scottish Premier League (SPL) by winning the 2011–12 Scottish First Division. The stadium was renovated in the spring and summer of 2012 to meet SPL criteria. This involved installing seats in the Jail End, constructing a new North Stand, installing undersoil heating and providing more car parking. Victoria Park was renamed the Global Energy Stadium, after the company founded by Ross County chairman Roy MacGregor, when the renovation was completed in July 2012. Structure and facilities There are four all-seated stands: the West (Main Stand) and the East are on either side of the pitch, while the North Stand (Academy End) and the South Stand (Jail End) are behind each goal. The Jail End is so called because the old County Jail and Sheriff Court were behind it. The jails have since been converted to housing, but the Sheriff Court is still used. Away fans are housed in the Academy End. Home fans occupy all other sections of the stadium. There are corporate hospitality facilities and executive boxes in both the East and West Stands. The Sheriff Court is now closed. The Dingwall campus of the Highland Football Academy is situated behind the Academy End. It has a three-quarter size 3G astroturf pitch under cover and a full-size Astroturf pitch adjacent to the East Stand, which has markings for football, 5-a-side football and field hockey. The Academy also has three full-size grass pitches, plus additional grassed training and warm-up areas. Gallery References Sources Football venues in Scotland Ross County F.C. Sports venues in Highland (council area) Scottish Premier League venues Scottish Football League venues Scottish Professional Football League venues Sports venues completed in 1929 Dingwall
Route 235, commonly called the Cabot Highway branches off from Route 230 at Southern Bay. Both Route 230 and Route 235 head towards Bonavista, Route 230 crossing the Bonavista Peninsula at this point to service towns on the Trinity Bay side of the Peninsula whilst Route 235 stays on the Bonavista Bay side of the Peninsula, going all the way to Cape Bonavista. Route description Route 235 begins in Southern Bay at an intersection with Route 230 (Cabot Highway/Discovery Trail). It heads northeast along the coastline of Bonavista Bay to pass through Princeton, Summerville, Plate Cove West, and Plate Cove East. The highway now heads more inland and eastward through rural areas, where it meets a local road leading to Open Hall, Red Cliffe, and Tickle Cove. Route 235 rejoins the coast at King's Cove, where it meets a local road leading to Duntara and Keels. It winds its way eastward to pass through Stock Cove, where it has an intersection with Route 236 (Stock Cove Road), Knight's Cove, Hodderville, and Amherst Cove, where it has an intersection with Route 237 (Blackhead Bay Road). The highway now passes through Newman's Cove and Birchy Cove before entering the Bonavista town limits along John Cabot Drive. It heads north through neighbourhoods before passing through downtown and by the town's harbour, where it has another intersection Route 230 (Confederation Drive). Route 235 becomes Cape Shore Road and passes through more neighbourhoods before leaving Bonavista and passing by Dungeon Provincial Park. The highway now heads through rural plains to the very tip of the Bonavista Peninsula at Cape Bonavista, where Route 235 comes to a dead end at the Cape Bonavista Lighthouse. Major intersections Attractions along Route 235 Dungeon Provincial Park Cape Bonavista Lighthouse References 235
Mrčići is a village in the municipality of Kosjerić, western Serbia. According to the 2002 census, the village has a population of 297 people. References Populated places in Zlatibor District
Austen Ivereigh (born 25 March 1966) is a UK-based Roman Catholic journalist, author, commentator and biographer of Pope Francis. A former deputy editor of The Tablet and later director for public affairs of the former archbishop of Westminster, Cardinal Cormac Murphy-O'Connor, he frequently appears on radio and TV programmes to comment in stories involving the Church. He is Fellow in Contemporary Church History at Campion Hall, Oxford. Ivereigh was a founder and coordinator of Catholic Voices, which trains people to put the Catholic Church's case in the media. Education and Writing In 2014, Ivereigh published The Great Reformer: Francis and the Making of a Radical Pope, a biography of Pope Francis. Hugh O'Shaughnessy wrote in The Observer, "Dr Ivereigh’s exhaustive book on the first pope from the New World follows Paul Vallely’s excellent Pope Francis: Untying the Knots, in making better known the life and thoughts of this son of Italian immigrants to Buenos Aires." In The Washington Post, Elizabeth Tenety wrote, "In pushing the church forward, Francis today insists that 'God is not afraid of new things' and that the complexities of human life are not necessarily black and white. 'Jorge Bergoglio’s radicalism comes from his willingness to go to the essentials, to pare back to the Gospel,' Ivereigh writes. Francis found his way to the essentials while putting in place the post-Vatican II spiritual renewal in his Jesuit order by focusing on 'poverty, holiness, missionary focus, obedience to the pope and unity.' During his time as provincial superior of the Society of Jesus in Argentina, he attempted to reorient a politically charged church culture toward the spirituality of everyday holiness." Ivereigh followed up with a second biography in 2019: Wounded Shepherd: Pope Francis and His Struggle to Convert the Catholic Church. Work for the Archbishop of Westminster Ivereigh travelled with the Archbishop to Rome for the conclave where "it was, if not Ratzinger, who? And as they came to know him, the question became, why not Ratzinger?" Press allegations and resignation On 18 July 2006, Ivereigh resigned as the cardinal's director of public affairs following allegations by the Daily Mail. The allegations were the subject of legal proceedings initiated by Ivereigh in the High Court of Justice against Associated Newspapers Ltd. (ANL). A trial in February 2008 was inconclusive, but at the retrial in January 2009 the jury unanimously found that Ivereigh had been libelled. He was awarded £30,000 in damages, and all costs, estimated at £3 million. Ivereigh said his reputation had been "comprehensively vindicated". Catholic Voices Together with Jack Valero, Austen Ivereigh headed a media group, Catholic Voices, set up to respond to opposition to the visit of the Pope to the UK in 2010. Bibliography Authored Books Catholicism and Politics in Argentina, 1810-1960 (New York: St Martin's Press; Basingstoke: Macmillan in association with St Antony's College, Oxford, 1995) Faithful Citizens: A Practical Guide to Catholic Social Teaching and Community Organising (Wandsworth: Darton Longman & Todd, 2010) How to Defend the Faith Without Raising Your Voice: Civil Responses to Catholic Hot-Button Issues (Huntington: Our Sunday Voice, 2012) The Great Reformer: Francis and the Making of a Radical Pope (New York: Henry Holt, 2014) Wounded Shepherd: Pope Francis and His Struggle to Convert the Catholic Church (New York: Henry Holt, 2019) Edited books The Politics of Religion in an Age of Revival: Studies in Nineteenth-Century Europe and Latin America (London: Institute of Latin American Studies, 2000) Unfinished Journey: the Church 40 Years after Vatican II: Essays for John Wilkins (New York; London: Continuum, 2003) References English male journalists English anti-abortion activists Roman Catholic writers Alumni of St Antony's College, Oxford Fellows of Campion Hall, Oxford Religion academics English Roman Catholics 1966 births Living people People educated at Worth School
Silverton is a village in Hamilton County, Ohio, United States. The village was formed out of Columbia and Sycamore townships, but withdrew from both and formed a paper township. The population was 4,908 at the 2020 census. History Formed out of Columbia and Sycamore townships, Silverton had its beginnings in the post-Revolutionary War land grants. In 1809 David Mosner opened a general store at the crossroads of Plainfield Pike and Montgomery Road. For the next several decades the surrounding town was known alternately as "Mosner" or "Enterprise". The Mosner name was formalized in 1861 when a post office opened under that designation. In 1883 the Cincinnati, Lebanon and Northern Railway opened a line through town, connecting the area to Cincinnati by rail. Seth Haines and Robert Cresap platted Silverton's first subdivision shortly thereafter. It is widely accepted that the town was renamed Silverton in honor of Haines' wife, Elizabeth Silver Haines. In 1884 the community was incorporated as the Hamlet of Silverton. The early subdivisions were designed to appeal to investors as well as prospective homeowners. These subdivisions were divided into large lots, as most of them had frontages. The hamlet slowly developed into a suburb over the next twenty years, with village status attained by general election in 1904. The village was by then served by the Interurban Railway & Terminal Company line, which ran along Montgomery Road (now U.S. Route 22), as well as the CL&N. Residents regularly commuted to jobs in Cincinnati. By 1910 the village had a population of 459. Silverton grew over the next 50 years, attaining city status in 1961 with a population exceeding 5,500. Around the beginning of the 20th century, the John C. Meier Grape Juice Company purchased land along the railroad line and began producing grape juice and wine in Silverton. Now known as Meier's Wine Cellars, it is both the oldest and largest winery in Ohio. Silverton's demographics began to expand in the 1960s to include more African-American families. The "white flight" experienced by many other communities was not a factor in Silverton. Organizations like the Silverton Neighborhood Association were formed to break through cultural barriers and to promote dialogue between neighbors. As a result, Silverton transformed itself into a integrated community. In 1974, Silverton elected its first African American Mayor, Richard F. Hunter, Sr. who served as a Silverton Councilmember previously. Mayor Hunter served the City of Silverton as Mayor over 20 years and longer than any mayor in the city’s history. Silverton received recognition as a Tree City USA community in 2008. Geography Silverton is located at (39.191160, -84.402762). According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of , all land. Demographics 2020 census As of the census of 2020, there were 4,908 people living in the village, for a population density of 4,409.70 people per square mile (1,702.41/km2). There were 2,884 housing units. The racial makeup of the village was 47.5% White, 41.7% Black or African American, 0.2% Native American, 1.3% Asian, 0.1% Pacific Islander, 2.7% from some other race, and 6.4% from two or more races. 4.5% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race. There were 2,499 households, out of which 18.6% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.9% were married couples living together, 22.7% had a male householder with no spouse present, and 45.5% had a female householder with no spouse present. 53.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 23.9% were someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.91, and the average family size was 3.07. 17.6% of the village's population were under the age of 18, 59.9% were 18 to 64, and 22.5% were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 44.1. For every 100 females, there were 83.6 males. According to the U.S. Census American Community Survey, for the period 2016-2020 the estimated median annual income for a household in the village was $46,029, and the median income for a family was $81,106. About 18.9% of the population were living below the poverty line, including 23.9% of those under age 18 and 30.0% of those age 65 or over. About 60.6% of the population were employed, and 27.5% had a bachelor's degree or higher. 2010 census As of the census of 2010, there were 4,788 people, 2,404 households, and 1,131 families residing in the village. The population decrease to below 5,000 reverted Silverton's legal designation to village instead of city. The population density was . There were 2,626 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the village was 44.0% White, 51.4% African American, 0.3% Native American, 0.8% Asian, 0.7% from other races, and 2.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2.5% of the population. There were 2,404 households, of which 19.2% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 27.4% were married couples living together, 16.1% had a female householder with no husband present, 3.6% had a male householder with no wife present, and 53.0% were non-families. 45.0% of all households were made up of individuals, and 11.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 1.95 and the average family size was 2.77. The median age in the village was 43.3 years. 15.9% of residents were under the age of 18; 8.4% were between the ages of 18 and 24; 27.9% were from 25 to 44; 31% were from 45 to 64; and 16.8% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the village was 46.2% male and 53.8% female. 2000 census As of the census of 2000, there were 5,178 people, 2,534 households, and 1,256 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 2,662 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 45.52% White, 50.31% African American, 0.19% Native American, 0.81% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.77% from other races, and 2.36% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.16% of the population. There were 2,534 households, out of which 19.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 32.2% were married couples living together, 14.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 50.4% were non-families. 45.4% of all households were made up of individuals, and 12.5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.00 and the average family size was 2.84. In the city the population was spread out, with 18.8% under the age of 18, 8.6% from 18 to 24, 31.3% from 25 to 44, 22.4% from 45 to 64, and 18.8% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females there were 80.8 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 74.9 males. The median income for a household in the city was $35,117, and the median income for a family was $43,633. Males had a median income of $27,682 versus $27,500 for females. The per capita income for the city was $18,971. About 5.8% of families and 9.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 10.9% of those under age 18 and 9.2% of those age 65 or over. Government The Village of Silverton is a charter municipality and operates under the council-manager form of government, combining the strong political leadership of elected officials with the professional expertise of an appointed village manager. Legislative authority under this form of government is vested in Village Council, the body that is chosen by the electorate. Council hires the manager to serve as the village's full-time chief executive officer. Silverton Village Council consists of six members elected at-large to serve two year terms. In addition to appointing the village manager and passing legislation, Council approves the annual operating budget, contracts in the village's name, levies taxes, and appoints a village attorney. The Mayor, who is directly elected to a two-year term, serves as the official and ceremonial head of the village and presides over all meetings of Council. He has the right to introduce legislation and to take part in discussion of all matters before Council with the right to vote in the event of a tie. The village manager is responsible for the day-to-day operations of the village, implements Council action, hires and oversees the staff, prepares and implements the annual operating budget and keeps the elected officials advised of the village's financial viability. . Municipal services Silverton offers a wide range of municipal services. The village is patrolled by the Hamilton County Sheriff's Office (HCSO) deputies. In 1999 the residents of Silverton and neighboring Deer Park voted to form the Deer Park Silverton Joint Fire District. The district offers fire protection and EMS/paramedic services to the communities of Silverton and Deer Park, as well as Golf Manor and portions of Columbia Township. Residents of Silverton enjoy two parks: Ralph Ficke Memorial Park and Silverton Park. Ficke Park was the larger of the two at . It offered a playground, baseball diamonds, a regulation size soccer field, full court basketball, hard court tennis and a batting cage. Two shelters were available for rental. Park events include an annual Easter egg hunt and a summer concert series. The village council unanimously approved a land swap with Cincinnati Public Schools in order to build a new school on half of Ficke Park. The move is opposed by nearby residents, especially in neighboring Sycamore Township who argue that they were not consulted or informed of the proposed land swap. The land swap will likely be challenged on the premise that the land deed forbids the use of the land for anything other than a park or similar. On July 14, 2008, the Cincinnati Board of Education approved the land swap. As a result of the land swap, CPS now owns half of Ficke park. The CPS owned half contains the shelters (that are no longer available for rental), the tennis courts (which no longer have nets), the playground and the basketball court. When construction for the new school begins, all these facilities will be lost. Some are scheduled to be rebuilt in the remaining half of the park. Silverton Park is located in the center of town in a "village green" setting. The Kuhnell Museum, a replica of the village's original train depot, is located in the park. The museum is a source of great pride for Silverton residents. Johnny Kuhnell, the village's Chief of Police from 1946 to 1969, envisioned a replicated station as a focal point of the community, so he organized an effort to reconstruct the station. His goal was realized in 1974 when construction of the replica was completed. The museum was rededicated in honor and memory of Chief Kuhnell in 2001. The station today serves as a museum dedicated to the preservation of Silverton history for future generations. Inside you will find photographs, articles and memorabilia related to the Silverton area from the 1800s to the present. Visitors will gain perspective on the village's history and the pride employed by area pioneers. The museum is open to the public on the second and fourth Sunday of each month from 2:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m, April through September. Notable people Barry Larkin, MLB Hall of Fame member and Gold Glove winner Carl Lindner, Fortune 500 CEO Roger Staubach, Heisman Trophy winner and NFL Hall of Fame quarterback References External links Village website Silverton Business Association Silverton Community Improvement Corporation Silverton Block Watch Association Deer Park Silverton Joint Fire District Villages in Hamilton County, Ohio Villages in Ohio Populated places established in 1809 1809 establishments in Ohio
Elmir Kuduzović (born 28 February 1985) is a Bosnian professional footballer who plays as a left-back. Club career Kuduzović began his career in local club Radnički Lukavac. After several years in Radnički, he moved to Željezničar in 2005, making his debut in the Bosnian Premier League. In 2008, he became a member of Sloboda Tuzla, moving in 2010 to another Bosnian top flight club, Čelik Zenica. In the summer of 2011, Kuduzović went to Montenegro by signing with Čelik Nikšić. After winning the Montenegrin Second League and the Montenegrin Cup, he came back to Čelik Zenica. However, due to disciplinary problems, he was suspended by the manager Vlado Jagodić and was released from the club in mid-season after only making 6 appearances. After Čelik, Kuduzović played for Zvijezda Gradačac, Sloboda Tuzla again, Radnički Lukavac again and Bratstvo Gračanica. In June 2017, he signed with First League of FBiH club Velež Mostar. On 25 May 2019, Kuduzović won the First League of FBiH with Velež after the club beat Bosna Visoko 0–2 away and got promoted to the Bosnian Premier League. He left Velež in January 2020. Shortly after leaving Velež, Kudužović signed a six month contract with Igman Konjic. International career After being a member of the Bosnia and Herzegovina U21 national team, Kuduzović played for the first team in an unofficial match against Poland in 2007. His sole official international was a June 2009 friendly match against Uzbekistan. Honours Čelik Nikšić Montenegrin Cup: 2011–12 Montenegrin Second League: 2011–12 Velež Mostar First League of FBiH: 2018–19 References External links Stats from Montenegro at FSCG.co.me 1985 births Living people Footballers from Tuzla Men's association football fullbacks Bosnia and Herzegovina men's footballers Bosnia and Herzegovina men's under-21 international footballers Bosnia and Herzegovina men's international footballers FK Radnički Lukavac players FK Željezničar Sarajevo players FK Sloboda Tuzla players NK Čelik Zenica players FK Čelik Nikšić players NK Zvijezda Gradačac players NK Bratstvo Gračanica players FK Velež Mostar players FK Igman Konjic players First League of the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina players Premier League of Bosnia and Herzegovina players Montenegrin Second League players Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in Montenegro Bosnia and Herzegovina expatriate sportspeople in Montenegro
Eurorail can refer to: Eurail, a company that sells passes and tickets for European railroads Eurorails, a popular variation of the Empire Builder board game Privatbanen Sønderjylland, a defunct Danish railway company also known as "EuroRail"
Group Portrait with Lady () can refer to: Group Portrait with Lady (novel), a novel by Heinrich Böll Group Portrait with Lady (film), a 1977 film based on the novel, directed by Aleksandar Petrović
Hamiltonian may refer to: Hamiltonian mechanics, a function that represents the total energy of a system Hamiltonian (quantum mechanics), an operator corresponding to the total energy of that system Dyall Hamiltonian, a modified Hamiltonian with two-electron nature Molecular Hamiltonian, the Hamiltonian operator representing the energy of the electrons and nuclei in a molecule Hamiltonian (control theory), a function used to solve a problem of optimal control for a dynamical system Hamiltonian path, a path in a graph that visits each vertex exactly once Hamiltonian group, a non-abelian group the subgroups of which are all normal Hamiltonian economic program, the economic policies advocated by Alexander Hamilton, the first United States Secretary of the Treasury See also Alexander Hamilton (1755 or 1757–1804), American statesman and one of the Founding Fathers of the US Hamilton (disambiguation) List of things named after William Rowan Hamilton

Subsets and Splits

No community queries yet

The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.