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Perpetual usufruct (right of perpetual usufruct, RPU) is the English-language term often used by Polish lawyers to describe the Polish version of public ground lease. It is usually granted for 99 years, but never shorter than 40 years, and enables leasehold use of publicly owned land, in most cases located in urban areas. Although it does not give freehold rights, buildings located on such land can be owned directly by private parties. The Act of the transformation of the right of perpetual usufruct into freehold ownership of real estate of 29 July 2005 (Dz.U. 2005 nr 175 poz. 1459) made the transformation possible in specific cases.
See also
Emphyteusis
External links
RPU explained
Property law
Civil law (legal system)
Law of Poland |
The American Decency Association (ADA) is a non-profit organization associated with the Christian right based in Fremont, Michigan. Its principal cause is against pornography and "indecent" media. The ADA was founded in 1999 by former elementary school teacher, Bill Johnson, the first-named state director of the American Family Association (AFA) from 1987 to 1999. The organization was formerly known as the Michigan chapter of the AFA.
Activism
Detroit Pistons dancers
In 2006, the ADA opposed the distribution of a calendar depicting Detroit Pistons dance group, "Automotion" members in swimsuits. The calendar was given away to fans during a December basketball game, and then sold to legal adults for $13 in Pistons' stores. A member of the ADA described the calendar as "legalized prostitution." The ADA opposed the calendar by means of its e-mail newsletter, and said that since the basketball team counted women and young children among its fans, the calendar was inappropriate. The proceeds of the calendar went to charity.
In January 2006, Brother Rice High, a Michigan Catholic school disinvited Automotion to an alumni fundraising event after repeated urging by the ADA. The ADA held that the event "legitimizes pornography and the objectification of women." Though the high school's decision was made in response to public pressure instead of an admission of wrongdoing by the principal, the ADA still viewed it as a victory. The dancers planned to donate their time to the fundraising event.
Supporters
The ADA receives some funding from the Holland, Michigan-based Prince Foundation (formerly the Edgar and Elsa Prince Foundation), which funds many other Christian right groups including the Family Research Council and Focus on the Family, which each received a little over a million dollars in 2003 and 2004, and 2003 and 2005, respectively. The Prince Foundation also gave money to the Promise Keepers, and the Concerned Women for America. Many other local and national groups associated with the religious right have received money from the Edgar and Elsa Prince Foundation.
References
Non-profit organizations based in Michigan
Newaygo County, Michigan
Christian organizations based in the United States
Organizations established in 1999
Conservative organizations in the United States
1999 establishments in Michigan |
```shell
Rapidly invoke an editor to write a long, complex, or tricky command
Aliasing ssh connections
Random password generator
Keep useful commands in your shell history with tags
Retrieve previous arguments
``` |
```xml
// See LICENSE.txt for license information.
import {Alert} from 'react-native';
import {
storePushDisabledInServerAcknowledged,
} from '@actions/app/global';
import {
PUSH_PROXY_RESPONSE_NOT_AVAILABLE,
PUSH_PROXY_RESPONSE_UNKNOWN,
PUSH_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_AVAILABLE,
PUSH_PROXY_STATUS_UNKNOWN,
PUSH_PROXY_STATUS_VERIFIED,
} from '@constants/push_proxy';
import EphemeralStore from '@store/ephemeral_store';
import {
pushDisabledInServerAck,
canReceiveNotifications,
alertPushProxyError,
alertPushProxyUnknown,
} from './push_proxy';
import {urlSafeBase64Encode} from './security';
import type {IntlShape} from 'react-intl';
jest.mock('react-native', () => ({
Alert: {
alert: jest.fn(),
},
}));
jest.mock('@actions/app/global', () => ({
storePushDisabledInServerAcknowledged: jest.fn(),
}));
jest.mock('@queries/app/global', () => ({
getPushDisabledInServerAcknowledged: jest.fn(),
}));
jest.mock('@store/ephemeral_store', () => ({
setPushProxyVerificationState: jest.fn(),
}));
jest.mock('./security', () => ({
urlSafeBase64Encode: jest.fn((url: string) => `encoded-${url}`),
}));
// Mock pushDisabledInServerAck as it's not being mocked by default
jest.mock('./push_proxy', () => ({
...jest.requireActual('./push_proxy'),
pushDisabledInServerAck: jest.fn(),
}));
describe('Notification utilities', () => {
const intl: IntlShape = {
formatMessage: ({defaultMessage}: { defaultMessage: string }) => defaultMessage,
} as IntlShape;
beforeEach(() => {
jest.clearAllMocks();
});
describe('canReceiveNotifications', () => {
test('handles PUSH_PROXY_RESPONSE_NOT_AVAILABLE', async () => {
const serverUrl = 'path_to_url
(pushDisabledInServerAck as jest.Mock).mockResolvedValue(false);
await canReceiveNotifications(serverUrl, PUSH_PROXY_RESPONSE_NOT_AVAILABLE, intl);
expect(EphemeralStore.setPushProxyVerificationState).toHaveBeenCalledWith(serverUrl, PUSH_PROXY_STATUS_NOT_AVAILABLE);
expect(Alert.alert).toHaveBeenCalled();
});
test('handles PUSH_PROXY_RESPONSE_UNKNOWN', async () => {
const serverUrl = 'path_to_url
(pushDisabledInServerAck as jest.Mock).mockResolvedValue(false);
await canReceiveNotifications(serverUrl, PUSH_PROXY_RESPONSE_UNKNOWN, intl);
expect(EphemeralStore.setPushProxyVerificationState).toHaveBeenCalledWith(serverUrl, PUSH_PROXY_STATUS_UNKNOWN);
expect(Alert.alert).toHaveBeenCalled();
});
test('handles default case', async () => {
const serverUrl = 'path_to_url
(pushDisabledInServerAck as jest.Mock).mockResolvedValue(false);
await canReceiveNotifications(serverUrl, 'some_other_response', intl);
expect(EphemeralStore.setPushProxyVerificationState).toHaveBeenCalledWith(serverUrl, PUSH_PROXY_STATUS_VERIFIED);
expect(Alert.alert).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
});
});
describe('alertPushProxyError', () => {
test('displays alert with correct messages', () => {
const serverUrl = 'path_to_url
const alert = jest.spyOn(Alert, 'alert');
alertPushProxyError(intl, serverUrl);
expect(Alert.alert).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
'Notifications cannot be received from this server',
'Due to the configuration of this server, notifications cannot be received in the mobile app. Contact your system admin for more information.',
[{
text: 'Okay',
onPress: expect.any(Function),
}],
);
alert?.mock.calls?.[0]?.[2]?.[0]?.onPress?.();
expect(storePushDisabledInServerAcknowledged).toHaveBeenCalled();
});
});
describe('alertPushProxyUnknown', () => {
test('displays alert with correct messages', () => {
alertPushProxyUnknown(intl);
expect(Alert.alert).toHaveBeenCalledWith(
'Notifications could not be received from this server',
'This server was unable to receive push notifications for an unknown reason. This will be attempted again next time you connect.',
[{
text: 'Okay',
}],
);
});
});
describe('handleAlertResponse', () => {
const handleAlertResponse = async (buttonIndex: number, serverUrl?: string) => {
if (buttonIndex === 0 && serverUrl) {
await storePushDisabledInServerAcknowledged(urlSafeBase64Encode(serverUrl));
}
};
test('stores acknowledgment when buttonIndex is 0 and serverUrl is provided', async () => {
const serverUrl = 'path_to_url
await handleAlertResponse(0, serverUrl);
expect(storePushDisabledInServerAcknowledged).toHaveBeenCalledWith('encoded-path_to_url
});
test('does not store acknowledgment when buttonIndex is not 0', async () => {
const serverUrl = 'path_to_url
await handleAlertResponse(1, serverUrl);
expect(storePushDisabledInServerAcknowledged).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
});
test('does not store acknowledgment when serverUrl is not provided', async () => {
await handleAlertResponse(0);
expect(storePushDisabledInServerAcknowledged).not.toHaveBeenCalled();
});
});
});
``` |
"Just waiting for a mate" is the informal name given to a viral video clip from the Australian TV reality television show Highway Patrol. The video clip depicts a typical Australian bogan, who responds with preposterous answers to police questioning. The clip has received international attention after viral viewing in Reddit, with the phrase correspondingly entering the Australian Lexicon.
The footage has received 5 million views on YouTube, and inspired the creation of image macros and remix videos. It is widely seen as both a celebration and parody of Aussie bogan culture.
Background
The clip was filmed as part of the Australian reality show Highway Patrol. In the incident, Senior Constable Ash Bowden attends to an accident in a shopping centre car park. He questions a man who appears to be drunk, who is sitting immobilized in the driver's seat of a car. When asked what he is doing, the man claims he is simply innocently "just waiting for a mate". The car has clearly been in a collision and has been immobilized after an accident.
The man goes on to make further illogical statements and excuses, pretending to be oblivious to the state of his damaged car.
The clip is famous in Australia for the bogan aspect of the responses of the subject of the video. It has been referred to as one of Australia's greatest videoclips and an iconic meme after it went viral. The phrase correspondingly became a common term in Australia, referring to the meme, and the incident earned notoriety in legal commentary, with the driver noted as one of "Australia's Top 5 Dumbest criminals". The Guardian referred to the clip as "one of the ten funniest things on the Internet", noting the humour of the driver's relentless denial despite the obvious.
Over time, other commentary on the incident rallied against the humour, noting the seriousness of the incident, given that the individual driver was apparently drink driving.
References
External links
Original clip on Youtube - posted August 2013
Viral videos
2013 YouTube videos |
Franz Xavier Dengler (known as Frank Dengler; 1853 Cincinnati, Ohio – 1879) was an American sculptor.
Biography
He went abroad while young, studied in the Munich Academy of Fine Arts, and received there in 1874 a silver medal for his group the "Sleeping Beauty." He was for a short time an instructor in modeling in the School of the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, but resigned in 1877 on account of failing health, and moved to Covington, Kentucky, and afterward to Cincinnati. Among his works are "Azzo and Melda" (1877), an ideal head of "America," and several portrait busts.
Notes
Attribution
References
1853 births
1879 deaths
19th-century American sculptors
19th-century American male artists
American male sculptors
Academy of Fine Arts, Munich alumni
School of the Museum of Fine Arts at Tufts faculty |
Suurberg Pass () is traverses the Suurberg range in the Eastern Cape province of South Africa, on the regional road R335, between Coerney and Somerset East. The pass hugs the western edge of the Nyati section of the Addo Elephant National Park.
History
Construction of the pass began in 1849, with Henry Fancourt White the lead engineer in charge of 250 convicts. In 1853, during construction of the first phase of the pass, White resigned. The project was taken over by Mathew Woodifield. In 1858, the pass was completed up to Somerset East and became part of the main road between Port Elizabeth and Johannesburg for a hundred years when Olifantskop Pass was built in 1955.
References
See also
Mountain passes of the Eastern Cape |
HMS Kempenfelt was a C-class destroyer built for the Royal Navy in the early 1930s. A flotilla leader, she saw service in the Home Fleet before World War II and the ship made several deployments to Spanish waters during the Spanish Civil War, enforcing the arms blockade imposed by Britain and France on both sides of the conflict.
Kempenfelt was transferred to the Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) in 1939 and renamed HMCS Assiniboine. During World War II, she served as a convoy escort in the battle of the Atlantic, sinking one German submarine by ramming, on anti-submarine patrols during the invasion of Normandy, and was employed as a troop transport after VE Day for returning Canadian servicemen, before being decommissioned in mid-1945.
Assiniboine was sold for scrap in 1945, but she ran aground while being towed to the breakers and was not broken up until 1952.
Design and construction
Kempenfelt displaced at standard load and at deep load. The ship had an overall length of , a beam of and a draught of . She was powered by Parsons geared steam turbines, driving two shafts, which developed a total of and gave a maximum speed of . Steam for the turbines was provided by three Yarrow water-tube boilers. Kempenfelt carried a maximum of of fuel oil that gave her a range of at . The ship's complement was 175 officers and men.
The ship mounted four 45-calibre 4.7-inch Mark IX guns in single mounts, designated 'A', 'B', 'X', and 'Y' from front to rear. For anti-aircraft (AA) defence, Kempenfelt had a single QF 3-inch 20 cwt AA gun between her funnels, and two QF 2-pounder Mk II AA guns mounted on the aft end of her forecastle deck. The AA gun was removed in 1936 and the 2-pounders were relocated to between the funnels. She was fitted with two above-water quadruple torpedo tube mounts for 21-inch torpedoes. Three depth-charge chutes were fitted, each with a capacity of two depth charges. After World War II began this was increased to 33 depth charges, delivered by one or two rails and two throwers.
The changes made to Assiniboines armament during the war (dates can only be roughly assigned) were first the replacement of the ship's rear torpedo tube mount by a 12-pounder AA gun and the 2-pounders were exchanged for quadruple Mark I mounts for the QF 0.5-inch Vickers Mk III machine gun. Later, 'Y' gun was also removed to allow her depth charge stowage to be increased to at least 60 depth charges. 'X' gun was later removed and the 12-pounder was resited in its place to further increase her depth charge capacity. Later changes included fitting a split Hedgehog anti-submarine spigot mortar on each side of 'A' gun, exchanging her two quadruple .50-calibre Vickers machine guns mounted between her funnels for two Oerlikon 20 mm AA guns, and the addition of two Oerlikon guns to her searchlight platform. The ship's director-control tower and rangefinder above the bridge were removed in exchange for a Type 271 target indication radar. A Type 286 short-range surface search radar was also added as was an HF/DF radio direction finder on a short mainmast.
The ship was ordered on 15 July 1930 from J. Samuel White at Cowes under the 1929 Programme. Kempenfelt was laid down on 18 October 1930, launched on 30 September 1931, as the 2nd ship to carry the name, and completed on 30 May 1932. Built as a flotilla leader, she displaced 15 long tons more than the rest of her class and carried an extra 30 personnel. These personnel formed the staff of the Captain (D) of the flotilla.
Service
Kempenfelt was assigned to the 2nd Destroyer Flotilla, of the Home Fleet, after her commissioning. The ship briefly mounted an experimental gun on 'B' mount for evaluation purposes during this time; it was replaced by the standard 4.7-inch gun. She was based at Rosyth for most of the rest of 1932, but visited the Mediterranean between January and March 1933 before returning home. The ship was given a refit at Devonport that ended in January 1934. Shortly afterwards, Kempenfelt participated in the Home Fleet's tour of the West Indies that ended in March. The ship visited various Scandinavian ports during the remainder of the year. She participated in King George V's Silver Jubilee Fleet Review at Spithead on 16 July 1935. Following the Italian invasion of Abyssinia, Kempenfelt was sent in August to the Red Sea with the other ships of the 2nd Flotilla to monitor Italian warship movements until April 1936. She was given a brief refit at Devonport that lasted until June upon her return to the UK. During the first stages of the Spanish Civil War in late 1936, the ship evacuated British nationals from several different Spanish ports.
In December, Kempenfelt began a more thorough refit at Devonport that lasted until 10 April 1937 and returned to Spanish waters afterwards to intercept shipping carrying contraband goods to Spain and to protect British-flagged ships. On 6 March, the ship and the destroyer , rescued survivors from the Nationalist heavy cruiser after she had been sunk by Republican destroyers during the Battle of Cape Palos. She was refitted at Chatham in May–June 1938 and made a number of port visits in Scandinavia the following month. Kempenfelt was transferred to the Portsmouth Local Flotilla and remained there until the war began in September 1939.
Wartime service and transfer
The ship was transferred to the 18th Destroyer Flotilla, based at the Isle of Portland, where she escorted shipping and conducted anti-submarine patrols. Kempenfelt had been purchased before the war began by the Canadian government, but it agreed to allow the British to retain her until the Royal Navy could compensate for her loss by requisitioning enough auxiliary anti-submarine vessels. By the time that the British were ready to turn her over to the RCN, the ship was under repair after a collision and the hand over was delayed until 19 October. She was renamed Assiniboine and arrived at Halifax, Nova Scotia on 17 November. The ship had not yet been fitting with the steam heating necessary to operate in a Canadian winter and she was transferred to the Caribbean in exchange for the destroyer . Assiniboine arrived at Kingston, Jamaica, on 8 December.
Assigned to the North America and West Indies Station, the highlight of the ship's service in the Caribbean was the capture of the German blockade runner in the Mona Passage between the islands of Hispaniola and Puerto Rico on the night of 8/9 March 1940. Initially intercepted by the light cruiser , the crew of Hannover disabled their steering gear and set the ship on fire. Assiniboine took the burning ship under tow to prevent her from entering the waters of the neutral Dominican Republic while the cruiser sprayed water on the fire. The two ships swapped roles in the morning and the destroyer put some of her crew aboard Hannover to help Dunedins boarding party fight the fire while the cruiser towed the freighter to Kingston. Assiniboine arrived in Halifax on 31 March for a refit.
After the completion of her refit, the ship escorted local convoys in and around Halifax until 15 January 1941 when she was transferred to Greenock and assigned to the 10th Escort Group of the Mid-Ocean Escort Force that was based there. Assiniboine rescued survivors from on 28 February and was damaged in a collision with on 5 April. Her repairs were not completed until 22 May and she was transferred to St. John's, Newfoundland in June to reinforce escort forces in the Western Atlantic. In early August, Assiniboine, her sister and the ex-American destroyer , escorted the battleship to Placentia Bay where Prime Minister Winston Churchill met President Franklin Roosevelt for the first time.
Whilst escorting Convoy SC 94 in early August 1942 as part of Escort Group C1, Assiniboines Type 286 radar spotted in a heavy fog on 6 August. The destroyer closed on the contact and briefly spotted the submarine twice before losing her in the fog. The submarine reappeared crossing the destroyer's bow at a range of , and both ships opened fire. The range was too close for Assiniboines 4.7-inch guns to engage, but her .50-calibre machine guns shot up the submarine's deck and conning tower. This kept the Germans from manning their deck gun, but the flak gun was already manned and firing. The gun punched holes through the destroyer's plating that set some petrol tanks on the deck afire and disabled 'A' gun. It also claimed the only Canadian casualty during the engagement: Ordinary Seaman Kenneth "Wiley" Watson from Revelestoke, British Columbia. The destroyer was unable to ram U-210 until the rear 4.7-inch gun hit the conning tower, killing the entire bridge crew and the .50-caliber machine guns were able to silence the flak gun. This caused Lieutenant Sorber, the senior surviving officer, to order the submarine to dive, but this meant that she had to hold a straight course while doing so. Assiniboine was able to take advantage of this and rammed U-210 abaft the conning tower whilst she was diving. This caused the electric motors to fail, damaged her propellers and led to water entering the submarine, as a result of which Sorber ordered the ballast tanks to be blown and the submarine abandoned. The destroyer rammed her again when U-210 resurfaced, dropped a pattern of depth charges set to detonate at shallow depth and hit her one more time with a 4.7-inch shell before the submarine finally sank. A number of survivors were rescued by Assiniboine and the British corvette , before the former ship had to head home for repairs as she was taking on water below the waterline. She required nearly two months of repairs at Halifax and was assigned to Escort Group C3 when they were completed on 20 December.
Whilst en route to Londonderry, Assiniboine dropped a shallow pattern of depth charges on a submarine contact and badly damaged her stern on 2 March 1943. The ship was repaired at Liverpool between 7 March and 13 July and then assigned to Escort Group C1. She continued her escort work until April 1944 when she began a refit at Shelburne, Nova Scotia. Upon its completion in July, Assiniboine was assigned to the Western Approaches Command. The following month, the 12th Support Group, including Assiniboine, engaged three German minesweepers on 12 August, without sinking any. She remained in British waters for the rest of the war; the ship was damaged in a collision with on 14 February 1945 and was under repair until early March.
Assiniboine returned to Canada in June and was briefly used as a troop transport before a boiler room fire on 4 July effectively ended her career. She was paid off on 8 August and placed on the disposal list. Whilst on tow to the breakers in Baltimore, she ran aground near East Point, Prince Edward Island. Attempts to get her off failed, and she was left to rust until eventually being broken up in place in 1952.
Trans-Atlantic convoys escorted
Notes
Footnotes
References
External links
HMCS Assiniboine at The Royal Canadian Navy Historical Project
HMS Kempenfelts career at NavalHistory.net
HMS Kempenfelt at Uboat.net
Ships of the Royal Canadian Navy
C and D-class destroyers
World War II destroyers of the United Kingdom
1931 ships
Maritime incidents in November 1945
Shipwrecks of the Prince Edward Island coast
de:HMCS Assiniboine (D18) |
Bibiane Schulze Solano (born 12 November 1998) is a professional footballer who plays as a centre back for Spanish Liga F club Athletic Bilbao. Born and raised in Germany, she is of Basque heritage on her mother's side and was called up for the Spain national squad in 2023.
Club career
Schulze joined the youth system of 1.FFC Frankfurt from FV 08 Neuenhain and progressed through the ranks to play seven times in the Frauen-Bundesliga for the club. She departed for Athletic Bilbao in July 2019.
The move proved controversial, as some Athletic supporters questioned whether Schulze was Basque enough to conform to the club's signing policy. Club president Aitor Elizegi rejected the complaints, attesting to Schulze's "clear Basque origin" (in addition to the family typically spending summer holidays in the region, her great-grandfather Francisco Belauste played for the club in its early years).
Schulze was predominantly restricted to appearances for the Athletic Bilbao B team, although she made one Primera División appearance as a substitute against Sevilla in October 2020. In July 2021 Schulze signed a season-long loan deal with Athletic's Primera División rivals Valencia CF. With regular central defenders Garazi Murua and Naroa Uriarte absent through injury, Schulze became an important member of the Athletic side in the first half of the 2022–23 season.
International career
Overlooked for the Germany selection at the 2015 UEFA Women's Under-17 Championship in Iceland, Schulze made a late, unsuccessful approach through her Frankfurt team-mate Verónica Boquete to represent Spain at the event. Due to her form for Athletic, she was called up for the Spanish squad in February 2023 – but had to withdraw a day later due to injury.
References
External links
Bibiane Schulze at La Liga
Bibi at BDFutbol
1998 births
Living people
German women's footballers
Spanish expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Expatriate women's footballers in Germany
Liga F players
Women's association football defenders
People from Main-Taunus-Kreis
Footballers from Darmstadt (region)
Athletic Club (women) players
German people of Basque descent
German expatriate women's footballers
Expatriate women's footballers in Spain
German expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Valencia CF Femenino players
1. FFC Frankfurt players
Segunda Federación (women) players
Athletic Club (women) B players
German people of Spanish descent
Frauen-Bundesliga players |
George Thomson Cornet (15 July 1877 – 22 April 1952) was a Scottish sportsman. He was the only Scottish person in the Great Britain water polo team that won gold in the 1908 Summer Olympics and the 1912 Summer Olympics. He was born in Inverness and died in Rainhill.
He played as a back for the Inverness Amateurs team that won the Scottish Championship in 1909 and reached four other finals; Cornet represented Scotland a total of 17 times between 1897 and 1912. Cornet also played football and cricket for Inverness teams as well as competing in heavy and track athletics events.
Cornet was inducted into the Scottish Sports Hall of Fame on 12 March 2007.
See also
Great Britain men's Olympic water polo team records and statistics
List of Olympic champions in men's water polo
List of Olympic medalists in water polo (men)
References
External links
1877 births
1952 deaths
Sportspeople from Inverness
Scottish male water polo players
Scottish men's footballers
Olympic water polo players for Great Britain
Olympic gold medallists for Great Britain
Olympic medalists in water polo
Water polo players at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Water polo players at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Scottish Olympic medallists
Medalists at the 1912 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Men's association football players not categorized by position |
Badal Roy (; born Amarendra Roy Chowdhury; 16 October 1939 – 18 January 2022) was an Indian tabla player, percussionist, and recording artist known for his work in jazz, world music, and experimental music.
Biography
Roy was born Amarendra Roy Chowdhury on 16 October 1939, into a Hindu family in a predominantly Muslim eastern Bengal region in Comilla, British India (which later became East Pakistan, then Bangladesh). His mother, Sova Rani Roy Chowdhury, was a homemaker, while his father, Satyenda Nath Roy Chowdhury was a government official in Eastern Pakistan. The name Badal (meaning "rain," "cloud", or "thunder" in the Bengali language), was given to him by his grandfather after he began crying in the rain as a toddler. He spoke the Bengali, English, Hindi, and Urdu languages.
He was introduced to music, in particular the percussion instrument Tabla, by his uncle. An early inspiration for Roy was American popular music, and he particularly enjoyed the music of artists such as Elvis Presley, Pat Boone, and Nat King Cole. His first exposure to jazz came when he saw a concert by Duke Ellington in Karachi, West Pakistan in 1963.
Roy received a master's degree in statistics. He came to New York City in 1968 to work on a PhD with only eight dollars in his pocket, he began working as a busboy and waiter in various Indian restaurants in the New York area, including Pak Indian Curry House, Taste of India and Raga. He later settled in East Brunswick Township, New Jersey. He later received lessons from Alla Rakha, a tabla player who performed with the sitar player Ravi Shankar and was Zakir Hussain's father.
Roy married Geeta Vashi in 1974. The couple had a son and lived in Wilmington, Delaware. Roy died from COVID-19 in Wilmington, on 18 January 2022, at the age of 82.
Career
When Roy moved to New York, he worked as a waiter in Indian restaurants in the region. In the weekends, he performed as a tabla artist accompanying a sitar player at A Taste of India, an Indian restaurant in Greenwich Village in New York. Here, he was spotted by John McLaughlin and was asked for accompanying him in jamming sessions and later partnered to record an album My Goal's Beyond (1971). The album was considered a landmark one in Indian-themed jazz.
Steve Gorn spotted him in a Manhattan restaurant called Raga, eventually attracting the attention of Miles Davis. Davis invited Roy to join his group, and he recorded on Davis's albums On the Corner (1972), Big Fun (1969–72; released 1974), and Get Up with It (1970–74). Roy subsequently performed and recorded with many leading jazz musicians, including Davis, Dave Liebman, Pharoah Sanders, John McLaughlin, Herbie Hancock, Herbie Mann, Pat Metheny, Lester Bowie, Airto Moreira, Charlie Haden, Purna Das Baul, and Ornette Coleman (playing in Coleman's electric band Prime Time). In the 1990s Roy began performing with the Brazilian guitar duo Duofel. He has also collaborated with Ken Wessel and Stomu Takeishi in a fusion trio named Alankar. They currently have one album entitled Daybreak.
Roy has appeared and offered workshops at RhythmFest, the Starwood Festival, and at the SpiritDrum Festival, a special tribute to the late Babatunde Olatunji (co-sponsored by ACE and Musart) with Muruga Booker, Jim Donovan of Rusted Root, Halim El-Dabh, Richie "Shakin'" Nagan, Jeff Rosenbaum and Sikiru Adepoju, among others. He often played with Muruga Booker in the Global Village Ceremonial Band, and with Michael Wolff & Impure Thoughts. In 2004, Roy worked with Richie Havens on the album The Grace of the Sun. In the first half of 2006, Roy travelled to Japan to appear in a tribute for David Baker, his recently deceased recording engineer and friend.
In addition to tabla, Roy also played a variety of percussion instruments including shakers, bells, rain stick, and flexatone. His notable students include Geoffrey Gordon.
In 2008, the album Miles From India, a tribute to Miles Davis on which Roy appeared, received a Grammy nomination.
Helix, his final recording as a member of Michael Moss's Accidental Orchestra, was in 2016.
Musical style
Unlike many tabla players, Roy does not come from a family of professional musicians and is essentially self-taught, although he studied with his late maternal uncle Dwijendra Chandra Chakraborty as a child, and also studied briefly with Alla Rakha. Consequently, his playing is freer than that of many other tabla players, who adhere more strictly to the tala system of Indian rhythm. He often played a set of up to eight tabla (tuned to different pitches) and two baya at a time, which he played melodically as well as rhythmically.
Discography
Source(s):
As leader
1975 – Ashirbad (Trio Records)
1976 – Passing Dreams (Adamo Records and Tapes)
1997 – One in the Pocket (Nomad Records)
1998 – Daybreak – Alankar
2002 – Kolkata Rose (with Geoff Warren)
2002 – Raga Roni (with Perry Robinson & Ed Schuller) Geeta
With Amit Chatterjee
1997 – Endless Radiance (Art of the Duo) (Tutu)
With Ornette Coleman
1988 – Jazzbühne Berlin '88 (Repertoire, 1990)
1995 – Tone Dialing (Harmelodic/Verve)
With Miles Davis
1974 – Big Fun (2xLP) Columbia Records, 2xCD Columbia (reissued 2000)
1974 – Get Up with It (2xLP) Columbia Records 1974 (2xCD Coline 1991, 2000)
1988 – Miles Davis: The Columbia Years 1955–1985 (Box set, also 4xCD) Columbia
1993 – On the Corner (CD, Album) Columbia Records, (Legacy reissued 2000)
1997 – Miles Davis In Concert: Live At Philharmonic Hall, Legacy
1998 – Panthalassa: The Music of Miles Davis 1969–1974
With Steve Gorn
1983 – Yantra: Flute and Tabla (reissued 1994) (Music of the World)
1982 – Asian Journal (with Nana Vasconcelos & Steve Gorn) (Nomad Records)
With Richie Havens
2004 – Grace of the Sun
With Bill Laswell
1998 – Sacred System: Nagual Site (CD) BMG
2000 – Lo. Def Pressure (LP & CD) Sub Rosa
With David Liebman
1974 – Lookout Farm (LP) ECM Records
1975 – Passing Dreams (reissued 1998, 2002)
1975 – Drum Ode (LP) ECM Records
1975 – Sweet Hands Horizon Records
1975 – Ashirbad (reissued 2002)
1976 – Father Time
With Herbie Mann
Sun Belt (Atlantic)
With John McLaughlin
1970 – My Goal's Beyond Knit Classics (Ryko)
With Yoko Ono
1982 – It's Alright (I See Rainbows)
1992 – Onobox
1992 – Walking on Thin Ice
With Mike Richmond
1988 – Basic Tendencies (with Glen Velez) (Nomad Records)
1982 – Asian Journal (with Nana Vasconcelos & Steve Gorn) (Nomad Records)
With Perry Robinson
1978 – Kundalini
With Pharoah Sanders
1972 – Wisdom Through Music (Impulse! Records)
1974 – Love in Us All (CD) Universal Music (Japan)
With Lonnie Liston Smith
1973 – Astral Traveling (Flying Dutchman)
With Leni Stern
1991 – Ten Songs
1998 – Recollection
With Steve Turre
1992 – Sanctified Shells
2000 – In the Valley of Sacred Sound – Harold E. Smith
With Barney McAll & Rufus Cappadocia
2003 – Vivid Jazzhead
With Michael Wolff & Impure Thoughts
2000 – Impure Thoughts Indianola Music
2001 – Intoxicate Indianola Music
2004 – Dangerous Vision Artemis Records
2006 – Love & Destruction Rong Records
With other artists
1967 – Virgo Vibes – Roy Ayers Atlantic (reissued 2002)
1979 – Earthquake Island – Jon Hassell (Tomato Music)
1984 – Mood Swing – The Nails (LP) RCA
1989 – Dancing with the Lion – Andreas Vollenweider (CD) CBS (reissued with bonus tracks 2005)
1993 – Angel Rodeo – Lisa Sokolov Laughing Horse Records
1993 – Prophecy: The Whale & the Elephant Trade Notes on the State of the World – Zusaan (Flying Note)
1994 – Espelho das Águas – Duofel (CD)(Velas)
1997 – Rising Sun – D. K. Dyson (Ocean Records)
1998 – Wake Up And Dream – Ekstasis (CD) CyberOctave
2000 – Musica (with Luiz Bueno) MCD World Music
2001 - Little Torch - Album: Rocket House - Chris Whitley
2001 – Export Quality – Dum Dum Project (2xLP) X-Squared Records
2001 – Daughters of the Sun – Nana Simopoulos (Na. Records)
2001 – Branching Out – William Cepeda (Blue Jackel)
2001 – The Sea to the North – Garth Hudson Woodstock Records
2002 – Of Unicorns and Jasmine ...A Lover's Tale – Simirillion (with Cecil Wilson) Canned Air Records
2002 – Sacred Spaces – Lee Boice
2003 – Rebirth – Children on the Corner (Sonance Records)
2003 – Heavy Skies – Roman Kunsman (Downtown Jazz)
2005 – Free Funk (with Muruga Booker & members of the Global Village Ceremonial Band, Perry Robinson & Belita Woods) Qbico 2005
2006 – Vivid (with Barney Mcall & Rufus Cappadocia) Jazzhead Oz
Songs For Sitar and Tabla (with Arooj Lazewai) Cassette (Music of the World)
2007 – Bonfire Dreams – Various Artists, ACE
2008 – OrthoFunkOlogy – Free Funk (with Muruga Booker & Perry Robinson) Musart
2008 – An die Musik – Nobu Stowe & Alan Munshower with Badal Roy (Soul Note)
2008 – Miles From India – Various Artists (4Q/Times Square Records)
Notes
References
External links
1939 births
2022 deaths
American people of Pakistani descent
Tabla players
Bengali musicians
Bengali singers
People from East Brunswick, New Jersey
People from Comilla District
Miles Davis
Deaths from the COVID-19 pandemic in Delaware |
```javascript
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
'use strict';
// MODULES //
var tape = require( 'tape' );
var getOwnPropertySymbols = require( './../lib/polyfill.js' );
// TESTS //
tape( 'main export is a function', function test( t ) {
t.ok( true, __filename );
t.strictEqual( typeof getOwnPropertySymbols, 'function', 'main export is a function' );
t.end();
});
tape( 'the function returns an empty array', function test( t ) {
var actual;
var values;
var i;
values = [
'5',
5,
NaN,
true,
false,
null,
void 0,
[],
{},
function noop() {}
];
for ( i = 0; i < values.length; i++ ) {
actual = getOwnPropertySymbols( values[ i ] );
t.deepEqual( actual, [], 'returns expected results when provided '+values[i] );
}
t.end();
});
``` |
The Asian Basketball Club Championship 1988 was the 3rd staging of the Asian Basketball Club Championship, the basketball club tournament of Asian Basketball Confederation. The tournament was held in Istora Senayan Stadium, Jakarta, Indonesia, April 9 to April 16, 1988.
Preliminary round
Final round
3rd place
Final
Final standing
References
Fibaasia.net
1988
Champions Cup
B
Basketball Asia Champions Cup 1988 |
Cinco () is a 2010 Filipino horror anthology film produced and released by Star Cinema. The film consists of five different horror stories which each featuring an ensemble cast including Sam Concepcion, AJ Perez, Robi Domingo, Jodi Sta. Maria, Maja Salvador, Rayver Cruz, Mariel Rodriguez, Pokwang and Zanjoe Marudo and are directed by Frasco Mortiz, Enrico C. Santos, Ato Bautista, Nick Olanka, and Cathy Garcia-Molina. The film was released on July 14, 2010.
Plot
The film is divided into five parts entitled "Braso" (), "Paa" (), "Mata" (), "Mukha" (), and "Puso" (), which all revolve around a hand with an "R.I.P" tattoo.
One: Braso (Arm)
Three neophytes are brought to a morgue while dressed in lingeries for the final part of their initiation to join a fraternity. After snooping around the place, the boys find a detached arm with an "R.I.P" tattoo of a corpse comes to life, much to their terror. The animated hand causes trouble to the group before they escape.
Two: Paa (Feet)
A young mother visits the wake of her daughter's classmate. There, a rabid dog bites her. Soon after, she finds the ghost of the dead child on her tail, seeking revenge after she stole the shoes of her daughter's classmate (which caused the kid's amputated feet and death). She suffers hallucinations of the child. The mother then burns the shoes, ending the ghost's haunting. A year later, the mother is seen in crutches, her leg amputated, finally at peace raising her only daughter.
Three: Mata (Eyes)
Rose, after witnessing her boyfriend kill a man in a road rage, experiences multiple déjà vu of the same incident. To avoid her boyfriend killing the man, she finally shoots him dead instead, hitting his eye. Back in her home, she receives a call from her dead boyfriend who appears in front of her, seemingly killing her or haunting her for the rest of her life. The R.I.P. tattoo on the hand is shown lighting a man's cigarette in one of the scenes.
Four: Mukha (Face)
Rizza is an editor with a cold and heartless attitude. After she fires Mang Bong, the janitor, she is then haunted by ghastly figures. It is then revealed to be a prank by the late night shift employee Eric. After Rizza finds out about this, she becomes infuriated. Eric then receives a call, telling him that Mang Bong died from suicide. Meanwhile, Rizza enters the elevator and angrily shouts "You're fired!" unaware that the real ghost is behind her. The episode ends with Eric finding her inside the elevator, traumatized by the ghost. She then suddenly becomes crazy. During Mang Bong's suicide, an employee waiting outside buys a balut which is handed to him by a man whose hand bears the R.I.P tattoo.
Five: Puso (Heart)
Emily, a circus woman with an unflattering appearance uses a love potion on her love interest, Elvis, who works in the carnival's horror house. While the potion works, Elvis is brutally stabbed to death by a crazed member of the audience. Hell ensues at the carnival as Elvis returns undead and chases Emily, killing all who try to obstruct him, even his own girlfriend. After Emily cuts off Elvis' arm, it comes back to life, causing her to die from a heart attack. It is revealed that the arm is the same arm in "Braso", and that Elvis is the one with the R.I.P. tattoo.
Cast
One: Braso (Arm)
Sam Concepcion as Ivan
AJ Perez† as Andrew
Robi Domingo as Ronald
Baron Geisler as Greg
Kristel Moreno as Trisha
Fred Payawan as Frat Member
Jommy Teotico as Frat Member
Two: Paa (Feet)
Jodi Sta. Maria as Elisa
Barbie Sabino as Ana
Gianna Cutler as Kaye
Joy Viado† as Aling Gloria
Shamaine Buencamino as Kaye's mother
Three: Mata (Eyes)
Maja Salvador as Rose
Rayver Cruz as Alvin
Mark Manicad as Jerome
David Chua as Road Rage Victim
Four: Mukha (Face)
Mariel Rodriguez as Rizza
Ketchup Eusebio as Eric
Nanding Josef as Mang Bong
Arnold Reyes as Raymond
Five: Puso (Heart)
Pokwang as Emily
Zanjoe Marudo as Elvis
Bangs Garcia as Rowena
Empoy Marquez as Denden
Malou de Guzman as Madam Osang
Robin Lavarquez as Elvis' Double
Reception
Cinco debuted with a ₱11 million gross on its first day nationwide. The film gave a total gross of ₱61 million, according to Box Office Mojo.
See also
List of ghost films
References
External links
Cinco's Official Multiply Website
Star Cinema Multiply Website
2010 films
2010 horror films
Films directed by Cathy Garcia-Molina
Philippine supernatural horror films
Philippine comedy horror films
Philippine psychological thriller films
Philippine psychological horror films
Zombie comedy films
2010s Tagalog-language films
2010s English-language films
Star Cinema films
2010 multilingual films
Philippine multilingual films |
Kleszczewo is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Bledzew, within Międzyrzecz County, Lubusz Voivodeship, in western Poland. It lies approximately south of Bledzew, west of Międzyrzecz, south of Gorzów Wielkopolski, and north of Zielona Góra.
References
Kleszczewo |
Degenerative suspensory ligament desmitis, commonly called DSLD, also known as equine systemic proteoglycan accumulation (ESPA), is a systemic
disease of the connective tissue of the horse and other equines. It is a disorder akin to Ehlers–Danlos syndrome being researched in multiple horse breeds. Originally thought to be a condition of overwork and old age, the disease is now recognized as hereditary and has been seen in horses of all ages, including foals. The latest research (2010) has led to the proposed renaming of the disease from DSLD to ESPA because of the systemic and hereditary components now being found.
In the beginning, it's hard to detect DSLD in horses due to mild or sporadic lameness. Yet, as it advances, distinct signs like heat, swelling, and pain in the suspensory ligaments emerge. An altered gait or a flat-footed stance due to a sinking fetlock joint are also indicative of the disease.
It has been found in many horse breeds, including Arabians, Thoroughbreds, American Quarter Horses, Morgans, Peruvian Pasos, Paso Finos, American Saddlebreds, several breeds of warmblood, Appaloosas, Friesians, Missouri Fox Trotters, Tennessee Walkers, American Paint Horses, National Show Horses, and Mustangs, as well as crossbreds and mules.
DSLD was once considered a condition of the legs only, as one of the most visible signs is when the fetlocks, particularly on the hind legs, collapse into a "coon-footed" position. However, microscopic examination in necropsy has shown DSLD horses can not only be affected in the tendons and ligaments of all legs and the patella, but can have affected tissues in the nuchal ligament, eyes, aorta, skin and fascia, lungs and other organs, as well as ligaments and tendons throughout the body. Because of its systemic nature, and because connective tissue is present everywhere in a biological entity, the entire body becomes affected in multiple ways as the disease progresses. Some horses have shown an iron overload in the liver as well.
Ongoing research is working on the biochemical aspects of the disease and has found a problem in the transfer growth factor and decorin. It is strongly believed to be passed genetically, and those aspects are being studied in the search for a DNA marker.
References
Sources
About all aspects of DSLD/ESPA, dsldequine.info - Home
"DSLD/ESPA" Akhal-Teke: A Differentiated View
Horse diseases
Equine injury and lameness
Genetic diseases and disorders |
Enda Third World (Enda Tiers Monde) is an international organisation with diplomatic status based in Dakar, Senegal, Africa. It comprises a group of teams and programmes working in synergy, and describes itself as a network of decentralized nodes worldwide.
History
Enda, formed in 1972, completed its 25th anniversary in 1997. Enda was founded in Dakar; its head office is also located in the same African city. The company is composed of separate entities, co-ordinated by an executive secretary.
Activities
According to its report in 1997 :
Enda is active in various domains linked to environmental development. There are 24 thematic teams at the head office in Dakar.
Enda is also active in many southern countries. It has some 21 decentralised branches, 14 in Africa, 5 in South America and 2 in Asia.
The organisation is also represented in Europe and will be in Japan in the future.
Concerns
Enda says it is concerned with "acting on initiatives and on popular action". It argues that individual and collective initiative is important (particularly a problem … raised by the poor). It argues in favour of community-based organisations and community movements (rural and urban associations which bring together youth and women with professionals, consumers and local or national federations etc.). Enda says it focuses on carrying out socio-economic, sanitary and social services in a way that serves the poor.
In 2005–06, ENDA took part in the 2005 World Social Forum at Porto Alegre in January 2006. It took part in themes focusing on the right to the city; popular responses to privatisation; youth, violence, urban segregation; Afro-descendants in Latin America; urban architecture; and sustainable development.
This organisation is also referred to as Environment and Development Action. It has also supported activities of the African Social Forum held in Conakry, Guinea.
Aims, approaches
ENDA's aims include working with grassroot groups, contributing to the search for "alternative development possibilities", and contributing to intellectuals' and trained personnel's involvement to set up development programmes. ENDA works "by carrying out, on the basis of grassroots development actions and the struggle of the peoples of the Third World, a permanent search for a methodology which will cater for their need and desire for independence." It focuses on integrated action, reflection and training; and prioritises local, technical, human and national resources. It lists its priorities as human and people's rights; support for culturally threatened peoples; socio-spatial disparities; children and youth in face of unemployment; articulation of the administration/population relationship; combined technologies; ecology and the urban popular economy; grassroots communication; the fight against "imported consumption patterns and production models"; and actions against AIDS; among others.
Activities, office
ENDA says its activities have increased sixfold between 1980 and 1991.
Its head office is at 4 & 5, rue Kléber, BP 3370, Dakar (Senegal). Its president is Cheikh Hamidou Kane and executive secretary is Jacques Bugnicourt.
External links
French website
English website
Organizations established in 1972
International organizations based in Africa
Organisations based in Dakar
International organisations based in Senegal |
```go
// Unless explicitly stated otherwise all files in this repository are licensed
// This product includes software developed at Datadog (path_to_url
package state
import (
"encoding/json"
"fmt"
"regexp"
"github.com/pkg/errors"
)
const agentConfigOrderID = "configuration_order"
var datadogConfigIDRegexp = regexp.MustCompile(`^datadog/\d+/AGENT_CONFIG/([^/]+)/[^/]+$`)
// AgentConfig is a deserialized agent configuration file
// along with the associated metadata
type AgentConfig struct {
Config agentConfigData
Metadata Metadata
}
// ConfigContent contains the configurations set by remote-config
type ConfigContent struct {
LogLevel string `json:"log_level"`
}
type agentConfigData struct {
Name string `json:"name"`
Config ConfigContent `json:"config"`
}
// AgentConfigOrder is a deserialized agent configuration file
// along with the associated metadata
type AgentConfigOrder struct {
Config agentConfigOrderData
Metadata Metadata
}
type agentConfigOrderData struct {
Order []string `json:"order"`
InternalOrder []string `json:"internal_order"`
}
// AgentConfigState contains the state of the config in case of fallback or override
type AgentConfigState struct {
FallbackLogLevel string
LatestLogLevel string
}
// parseConfigAgentConfig parses an agent task config
func parseConfigAgentConfig(data []byte, metadata Metadata) (AgentConfig, error) {
var d agentConfigData
err := json.Unmarshal(data, &d)
if err != nil {
return AgentConfig{}, fmt.Errorf("Unexpected AGENT_CONFIG received through remote-config: %s", err)
}
return AgentConfig{
Config: d,
Metadata: metadata,
}, nil
}
// parseConfigAgentConfig parses an agent task config
func parseConfigAgentConfigOrder(data []byte, metadata Metadata) (AgentConfigOrder, error) {
var d agentConfigOrderData
err := json.Unmarshal(data, &d)
if err != nil {
return AgentConfigOrder{}, fmt.Errorf("Unexpected AGENT_CONFIG received through remote-config: %s", err)
}
return AgentConfigOrder{
Config: d,
Metadata: metadata,
}, nil
}
// MergeRCAgentConfig is the callback function called when there is an AGENT_CONFIG config update
// The RCClient can directly call back listeners, because there would be no way to send back
// RCTE2 configuration applied state to RC backend.
func MergeRCAgentConfig(applyStatus func(cfgPath string, status ApplyStatus), updates map[string]RawConfig) (ConfigContent, error) {
var orderFile AgentConfigOrder
var hasError bool
var fullErr error
parsedLayers := map[string]AgentConfig{}
for configPath, c := range updates {
var err error
matched := datadogConfigIDRegexp.FindStringSubmatch(configPath)
if len(matched) != 2 {
err = fmt.Errorf("config file path '%s' has wrong format", configPath)
hasError = true
fullErr = errors.Wrap(fullErr, err.Error())
applyStatus(configPath, ApplyStatus{
State: ApplyStateError,
Error: err.Error(),
})
// If a layer is wrong, fail later to parse the rest and check them all
continue
}
parsedConfigID := matched[1]
// Ignore the configuration order file
if parsedConfigID == agentConfigOrderID {
orderFile, err = parseConfigAgentConfigOrder(c.Config, c.Metadata)
if err != nil {
hasError = true
fullErr = errors.Wrap(fullErr, err.Error())
applyStatus(configPath, ApplyStatus{
State: ApplyStateError,
Error: err.Error(),
})
// If a layer is wrong, fail later to parse the rest and check them all
continue
}
} else {
cfg, err := parseConfigAgentConfig(c.Config, c.Metadata)
if err != nil {
hasError = true
applyStatus(configPath, ApplyStatus{
State: ApplyStateError,
Error: err.Error(),
})
// If a layer is wrong, fail later to parse the rest and check them all
continue
}
parsedLayers[parsedConfigID] = cfg
}
}
// If there was at least one error, don't apply any config
if hasError || (len(orderFile.Config.Order) == 0 && len(orderFile.Config.InternalOrder) == 0) {
return ConfigContent{}, fullErr
}
// Go through all the layers that were sent, and apply them one by one to the merged structure
mergedConfig := ConfigContent{}
for i := len(orderFile.Config.Order) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
if layer, found := parsedLayers[orderFile.Config.Order[i]]; found {
mergedConfig.LogLevel = layer.Config.Config.LogLevel
}
}
// Same for internal config
for i := len(orderFile.Config.InternalOrder) - 1; i >= 0; i-- {
if layer, found := parsedLayers[orderFile.Config.InternalOrder[i]]; found {
mergedConfig.LogLevel = layer.Config.Config.LogLevel
}
}
return mergedConfig, nil
}
``` |
HBcAg (core antigen) is a hepatitis B viral protein. It is an indicator of active viral replication; this means the person infected with Hepatitis B can likely transmit the virus on to another person (i.e. the person is infectious).
Structure and function
HBcAg is an antigen that can be found on the surface of the nucleocapsid core (the inner most layer of the hepatitis B virus). While both HBcAg and HBeAg are made from the same open reading frame, HBcAg is not secreted. HBcAg is considered "particulate" and it does not circulate in the blood but recent study show it can be detected in serum by Radioimmunoassay. However, it is readily detected in hepatocytes after biopsy. When both HBcAg and HBeAg proteins are present, it acts as a marker of viral replication, and antibodies to these antigens indicates declining replication.
Interactions
Tapasin can interact with HBcAg18-27 and enhance cytotoxic T-lymphocyte response against HBV.
See also
HBeAg
HBsAg
References
Viral structural proteins
Hepatitis B virus |
Andrei Gherman (4 October 1941 – 25 February 2021) was a Moldovan physician and politician who served as Minister of Health.
References
1941 births
2021 deaths
Moldovan physicians
Moldovan Ministers of Health |
Kulttuurivihkot () is a bimonthly left-wing political and arts magazine published in Helsinki, Finland. It has been in circulation since 1973.
History and profile
Kulttuurivihkot was founded by a group linked to the Association for Cultural Workers in Finland in 1973. One of the founders was Juha Virkkunen, a Finnish journalist. He was also the founding editor-in-chief of the magazine. Kulttuurivihkot had a Marxist stance until 1991 when it became an independent left-wing magazine. It is published by Domirola Inc. on a bimonthly basis. The magazine covers articles on arts, cultural politics and ideologies from a left-wing perspective.
Kulttuurivihkot and the independent left, a political student organization at the University of Helsinki, have offered the Leonid Brezhnev peace prize since 2002. The prize was named after the Soviet Union leader Leonid Brezhnev. In 2002 the recipients of the award were George W. Bush, the US president, and Tony Blair, the prime minister of United Kingdom.
See also
List of magazines in Finland
References
External links
1973 establishments in Finland
Bi-monthly magazines published in Finland
Finnish-language magazines
Magazines established in 1973
Magazines published in Helsinki
Political magazines published in Finland
Socialist magazines
Visual arts magazines |
The Lakeland Revival, or Florida Healing Outpouring, was a Pentecostal revival which took place from April until October 2008 in Lakeland, Florida, United States. The revival began on April 2, 2008, when evangelist Todd Bentley of Fresh Fire Ministries Canada was invited by Stephen Strader, pastor of Lakeland's Ignited Church, to lead a one-week revival, but remained there for over four months.
Ignited Church took a multimedia approach to publicizing the event, posting webcasts online. The revival streamed live via Ustream and received over 1 million hits in the first five weeks of transmissions. After the initial weeks, GOD TV, a Christian satellite channel, pre-empted its primetime programming and broadcast the Lakeland meetings nightly. The revival attracted up to 10,000 attendees nightly and around 30,000 over the week. Through its airing on GOD TV, the revival became well known by Pentecostals and Charismatics worldwide. By May 29, Bentley's ministry estimated that over 140,000 people from over forty nations had visited, and 1.2 million had watched via the Internet. By June 30, over 400,000 people from over 100 nations had attended.
In June 2008, ABC's Nightline carried out an investigative report on Bentley, specifically scrutinizing his finances and his divine healing claims. Some days after the broadcast, Fresh Fire Ministries released a statement announcing that Bentley was taking time off "to refresh and to rest" and their Lakeland broadcasts on GOD TV were put on hold. One week later, GOD TV announced Bentley would resume the Lakeland meetings and the broadcasts continued on July 18. Bentley's and Fresh Fire's leadership of the revival ended on August 11, but the revival continued until its last service on October 12, 2008, at Ignited Church.
The Lakeland Revival was in many ways similar to revivals that occurred in the 1990s, notably the Toronto Blessing in Canada and the Brownsville Revival in Pensacola, Florida. However, the Lakeland Revival had a greater focus on divine healing, was much shorter than the previous two revivals, and was nearly inseparable from Bentley. The revival displayed many "ecstatic manifestations" and some participants claimed "esoteric experiences", such as divinely inspired visions and prophecies. In addition to claims of numerous miraculous healings, "leaders' claims that at least 25" cases of resurrection of the dead took place away from the stage.
Background
Ignited Church was founded in 2005 by most of the main body of Carpenter's Home Church, a once-prominent, now defunct, Assemblies of God megachurch, whose longtime senior pastor, Karl Strader, is the father of Ignited Church's founder and senior pastor, Stephen Strader. In the 1990s, Carpenter's Home Church experienced revivals influenced by the Toronto Blessing and Rodney Howard-Browne.
Services
The main focus of the services were divine healing of conditions such as cancer, deafness, diabetes, and paralysis. Testimonies of miraculous healings were common at the Lakeland meetings. Faith healing which is inspired by Biblical New Testament accounts of Jesus healing the sick, the contemporary practice of faith healing is important for Pentecostal and Charismatic Christians. The hope of supernatural healing explains some of its popularity, as there were many first-person accounts of miracles.
Participants in the revival were also known to sing, laugh, and shout ecstatically, and many would fall down under the influence of the Holy Spirit, according to revival leaders.
Finances
The Lakeland Revival did not charge for attendance, but attendees could contribute to voluntary offerings that funded building and staff expenses. The event changed venues on a number of occasions, starting at the Ignited Church and sister church in Auburndale, and moving to the $15,000-per-night Lakeland Center and Marchant Stadium. After outgrowing its previous venues, the revival meetings moved to an air-conditioned tent that seated 10,000. On August 3, the revival meetings returned to Ignited Church. "A spokeswoman for the revival, Lynne Breidenbach, said the offerings have covered their enormous operating costs. Before the move to the airport grounds, she said the ministry paid a daily rental fee of $15,000 for the local convention center, as well as comparable fees for use of a stadium. His spokesperson didn’t know how much the current setup costs. The offerings, said Breidenbach, have not contributed to a significant infusion of cash for Bentley or his ministry." During the revival, Bentley's spokesperson said that Bentley continued "to draw his standard salary, set by his board, from his office in Canada. It is a modest salary and is in the five-figure range", and that Fresh Fire Ministries is audited annually. A newspaper in Vancouver reported that Bentley owned a home in Abbotsford, British Columbia, Canada, a 2007 GMC Sierra, and a 2003 Harley-Davidson motorcycle.
Bentley said that he would open the books for independent auditors. However, requests for financial disclosure from World Magazine were met with a comment that Bentley was "too busy keeping up with what God is doing" to provide financial information.
Decline and impact
Bentley severed his association with and departed the revival under controversial circumstances on August 11. He admitted to his staff in August that he and his wife were separating and resigned from Fresh Fire Ministries. The revival continued with visiting speakers at Ignited Church until October 12, 2008. While Ignited Church continued to proclaim ongoing revival services after this date, the previous worldwide interest had faded.
The revival's impact was widespread due to the Internet and satellite television. Stephen Strader has said that Ignited Church will launch an International Apostolic Center and Ignited Network of Ministries, designed to bring together Lakeland-inspired revivals by Todd Bentley to launch the Portland Outpouring. Evangelist Hamilton Filmalter was commissioned.
Controversy
The revival generated some controversy among members of the Christian community, as some leaders questioned (or even outright rejected) its authenticity. There was even criticism from inside the Charismatic/Pentecostal part of the Church. For instance, in response to concerns raised over the revival, George O. Wood, general superintendent of the Assemblies of God USA, of which Ignited Church is a member, issued a statement on revival in June 2008. While not mentioning Lakeland specifically, the statement cautioned against over emphasis on charismatic manifestations and miracles, stating that "Miraculous manifestations are never the test of a true revival. Fidelity to God's Word is the test". A noted Charismatic Bible scholar, theologian, author, and publisher, Steven Lambert, published a series of scathing articles soon after the meetings began, denouncing them as "wildfire," i.e., a false revival or movement, and demonstrating characteristics of the occult and cultism, remonstrating their principals, participants, and promoters, as well as repudiating the doctrines and practices fostered by and under the auspices of the meetings' organizers and participants.
Other Christian leaders challenged Bentley because they view Charismatic and Pentecostal doctrine as being essentially heretical. Some criticism stemmed from some of Todd Bentley's unorthodox practices, which included shouting "Bam, Bam!" while praying for the sick and testifying to having had visions of an angel named Emma. Bentley's most controversial claims consisted of over twenty-five cases where he said the dead were raised away from the stage. In an effort to verify reported healings, Bentley's staff said they welcomed as much documentation as people were willing to give, including verification from doctors. ABC's Nightline reported that "Not a single claim of Bentley's healing powers could be independently verified." However, the Charlotte Observer reported on the same series of meetings, "The revival's media relations staff has tried to document healings. They e-mailed the Observer information on 15 people reportedly healed, providing phone numbers for each and noting that 12 had received medical verification. The Observer contacted five, plus three whose names were not provided, including Burgee. Each said God had healed them through, or related to, Bentley and the Lakeland services." Strader responded to the Nightline report with the following statement, "Strader said privacy concerns and laws forbidding the release of medical records have prevented revival officials from releasing complete information about the identities and conditions of people claiming to be healed." World Magazine also reported on looking into the validity of healing claims with mixed results.
At times, the healing services were criticized in mainstream media and on Internet blogs for the occasional violence done to the participants, in the tradition of Smith Wigglesworth. Todd Bentley was known to forcefully kick, hit, smack or knock over participants. In one incident, a man was knocked over and lost a tooth. In another, an elderly woman was intentionally kicked in the face. Bentley held that the Holy Spirit led him to such actions, saying that those incidents were taken out of context and adding that miracles were happening simultaneously. Trevor Baker, who had invited Bentley to the Revival Fires Church in Dudley (UK), also defended these actions, saying: "He never does anything like that without first asking for the person's permission."
References
External links
Ignited Church
Fresh Fire USA Ministries
Lakeland Revival Documentary
Christian revivals
Charismatic and Pentecostal Christianity
Angelic apparitions
Resurrection |
Kaifun (), (also transliterated Kaifoun, Keyfoun and Kayfoun) is a village in Aley District, Mount Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon. It is bordered by Souk El Gharb to the north, Ain Aanoub and Bechamoun to the west and Baissour to the south. It is around 800 meters above sea level and 26 kilometers away from Beirut.
Kaifun is a popular summer recreational destination for Beirut's residents, and is famous for its Pine forest and view of the Mediterranean Sea.
History
When Mamluks intensified their persecution against Shia Muslims in 1363, a group of Shiites from Beirut (Burj Beirut) settled in Qmatiye and Kaifun, the only major Shia villages in Aley District. Feudal Shiite families from Jabal Amel also settled the town in 19th century.
In 1838, Eli Smith noted the place, called Keifun, located in El-Ghurb el-Fokany; Upper el-Ghurb.
Demographics
Kaifun's natives are Shia Muslims.
Main families include:
Jawhar
Saad
El-Hajj
Al-Hakim (Ahmad)
Dagher
Sirhal
Reslan
El-Zein
Awada
Jaber
Jadeed
Salloukh
Al-Qadi
Al-Sheikh
References
Bibliography
Populated places in Aley District |
Eupeodes punctifer is a species of hoverflies belonging to the family Syrphidae.
It is native to Northern Europe.
References
Syrphini |
Communauté d'agglomération Grand Lac is the communauté d'agglomération, an intercommunal structure, centred on the town of Aix-les-Bains. It is located in the Savoie department, in the Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes region, southeastern France. Created in 2017, its seat is in Aix-les-Bains. The name Grand Lac refers to the Lac du Bourget. Its area is 300.0 km2. Its population was 76,759 in 2019, of which 30,463 in Aix-les-Bains proper.
Composition
The communauté d'agglomération consists of the following 28 communes:
Aix-les-Bains
La Biolle
Bourdeau
Le Bourget-du-Lac
Brison-Saint-Innocent
Chanaz
La Chapelle-du-Mont-du-Chat
Chindrieux
Conjux
Drumettaz-Clarafond
Entrelacs
Grésy-sur-Aix
Méry
Montcel
Motz
Mouxy
Ontex
Pugny-Chatenod
Ruffieux
Saint-Offenge
Saint-Ours
Saint-Pierre-de-Curtille
Serrières-en-Chautagne
Tresserve
Trévignin
Vions
Viviers-du-Lac
Voglans
References
Grand Lac
Grand Lac |
Poblana squamata, the Quechulac silverside, is a species of neotropical silverside endemic to Mexico. It was described by Jose Álvarez del Villar in 1950 from types collected from the crater lake of Quechulac which is southeast of Alchichica, Puebla State, Mexico at and elevation of .
References
squamata
Endemic fish of Mexico
Fish described in 1950
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Oriental Basin |
Phratora tibialis is a species of leaf beetle found in Europe and parts of Asia. This beetle is found on willows (Salix species) and the chemistry and production of its larval defensive secretions and host plant relationships have been studied extensively.
Description
This small (3.7–5 mm) beetle is similar and size and coloration to other species of Phratora. Adults are typically metallic blue or green. In Europe, it is most likely to co-occur on Salix host species with Phratora vitellinae. It is somewhat narrower in body shape than P. vitellinae. This beetle is very similar in morphology and behavior to the Nordic species Phratora polaris, as noted by Palmen, Steinhausen, Sundholm, and Köpf et al. (1996). For example, the female genitalia of P. tibialis, (which can be examined with live beetles when moderate pressure is applied to the abdomen under the dissecting scope), closely resemble those of P. polaris.
Eggs are typically laid in clutches of 8-16, arranged in rows on the underside of the host leaf. Like other Phratora species, eggs are partially covered with a crusty secretion. Larvae feed in groups in early instars (molts). Larvae show little variation in color pattern, in contrast to some other Phratora species.
Distribution and range
Phratora tibialis has a widespread distribution in Europe. It is known from the Netherlands, Germany, Poland, Latvia Spain, Slovakia, Serbia and Bosnia, and Bulgaria. Populations occur at high elevations in parts of central Europe. It is also known from Iran and the Caucasus.
Taxonomy
The closest known relative to P. tibialis is P. polaris, which occurs in the Nordic countries. Mitochondrial sequences at the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (DNA barcoding) gene show little variation between these two Phratora species, which supports the findings of prior studies comparing morphological characters between them. In 1996, Köpf et al. examined host plant preferences and mating behaviors for P. tibialis populations from Switzerland and a P. polaris population in eastern Finland. Beetles from all three populations showed similar host plant preferences, regardless of the host plant that they had been collected on, and P. tibialis and P. polaris individuals also mated with each other freely. Earlier investigators had proposed that willow-feeding P. polaris might be a Nordic subspecies of P. tibialis, and these behavioral studies support the view that the two species are very closely related or even possibly geographically separated populations of a single species.
Habitat and host plants
Phratora tibialis adults feed and lay eggs on willow (Salix) shrubs. Their larvae develop on the same host plants as adults. Phratora tibialis is found on the high salicylate willow species Salix purpurea throughout most of their range. In the 1990s, a population of P. tibialis was found feeding on Salix daphnoides plants along a stream in a rural area near Alpthal, Switzerland. This willow contains low levels of salicylates. The presence of P. tibialis on willow species with very different leaf chemistries makes this beetle an exception within the genus Phratora because most species within this genus specialize on either high salicylate host plants or low salicylate ones. In the laboratory, P. tibialis appears to be able to feed on other willows that possess very different leaf chemistries, including Salix euxina (syn. S. fragilis), Salix triandra, Salix caprea, and Salix phylicifolia.
Life history and natural enemies
Like other Phratora species, P. tibialis can undergo multiple generations within a growing season. It probably shares the same natural enemies, which are described in more detail for Phratora vitellinae and Phratora laticollis.
Larval secretion chemistry
Phratora tibialis larvae secrete a defensive secretion that contains iridoid monoterpenes that they synthesize themselves (autogeneously), while their congener Phratora vitellinae sequesters host plant salicylates to make its larval defensive secretion. Using host plant compounds to make the larval defensive secretions appears to be the evolutionarily advanced or derived state of this trait, but P. tibialis appears to be pre-adapted to evolve the use of host plant salicylates to produce its defensive secretion.
References
External links
Images representing Phratora at BOLD
Chrysomelinae
Beetles of Asia
Beetles of Europe
Beetles described in 1851
Taxa named by Christian Wilhelm Ludwig Eduard Suffrian |
The discography of American hip hop duo Run the Jewels consists of four studio albums, two remix albums and fifteen singles.
Their debut studio album Run the Jewels charted on Billboard charts such as Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums and Top Rap Albums while their sophomore studio album appeared on the aforementioned charts, the Billboard 200 and the Belgian Ultratop Flanders chart. Their third studio album, which is also their most successful, charted in eight countries including the United States, Australia and the United Kingdom. The album was also their first number one on the Billboard hip hop album chart and it peaked in the top 50 in Ireland and the Netherlands, the top 40 in Australia, Belgium, Canada and the United Kingdom, the top 30 in Scotland and the top 15 in the United States.
Albums
Studio albums
Remix album
Extended plays
Singles
As lead artist
Notes
As featured artist
Notes
Guest appearances
Music videos
As lead artist
As featured artist
References
External links
Run the Jewels on iTunes
Discographies of American artists |
Xu Yigua (须一瓜) is the pen name of Xu Ping (徐苹; born 1963), a Chinese writer based in Xiamen. She writes news reports for Xiamen Evening News (厦门晚报; a local newspaper) under the name Xu Ping, and fiction under the name Xu Yigua. She found fame in the early 2000s when her fictions were featured on the covers of prominent national literary magazines, and after her real identity was discovered (to the shock of many Xiamen residents), the catchphrase "Tail-line Reporter, Headline Author" (尾条记者，头条作家) caught on.
Xu's work with Xiamen Evening News gave her extensive experience in the fields of law and government. As a result, most of her fiction deal with crimes.
Xu Yigua's 2010 novel Sunspot (太阳黑子) was adapted into a 2015 film The Dead End directed by Cao Baoping, which was a commercial and critical success.
Works translated to English
References
Living people
Chinese women short story writers
Short story writers from Fujian
Chinese women novelists
21st-century Chinese novelists
21st-century Chinese short story writers
21st-century Chinese women writers
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Rafik Zoheir Djebbour (Arabic: رفيق جبور; born 8 March 1984) is a retired professional footballer who played as striker and winger. Born in France, he represented Algeria at international level.
Club career
Auxerre
Born in Grenoble, France, Djebbour was signed to Auxerre's youth academy at the age of 15 in 1998. He was moved to the senior team in 2003 after spending five years in the youth academy. He made his professional debut at the age of 19.
Louviéroise
His impressive debut season caught the eye of R.A.A. Louviéroise. In his second professional season, he did not live up to his expectations. Even though he made 21 appearances he only managed to score six goals. Djebbour was transfer listed by the club at the end of the season, Djebbour mentioned in an interview that he was transfer listed as he was not happy with the way the club did not support him when his brother had been in a coma for five months, he stated he was very disappointed with the staff and became disillusioned and felt no attachment to the club. In July 2005, Djebbour signed for Greek outfit Ethnikos Asteras.
Ethnikos Asteras
In his first season in Greece, he scored 11 goals in 21 appearances from September to January. This earned him a move to Atromitos where he managed six goals until the end of the season.
Atromitos
Djebbour suffered a serious injury in his first season with Atromitos this limited Djebbour to only two appearances without scoring. In January 2006, Djebbour called upon one of the "big three" of Greece (AEK Athens, Olympiacos, Panathinaikos) to acquire his services, however this did not happen and he ended up at Panionios.
Panionios
Before signing to Panionios, Djebbour went on trial at English club Watford but was not retained as Aidy Boothroyd stated "He wasn't what I was looking for".
His first six months with Panionios, Djebbour scored four goals in the remaining 14 games. He would go on to score 15 goals in 27 appearances. In the summer of 2008, AEK Athens expressed their interest in signing Djebbour. He completed his move to the "Dikefalos-Aetos" on 1 July 2008.
AEK Athens
In 2008, Djebbour transferred to AEK for €3.2 million. Djebbour scored his first goal for AEK in the 93rd minute in the home 2–1 win against Asteras Tripolis, giving his club the three points. Djebbour got into a fight with teammate Nacho Scocco in a training ground bust-up. On 30 September 2009, it was reported that Djebbour clashed with AEK Athens' coach Dusan Bajevic and was not allowed to train with the rest of the season for four months. During his absence from AEK Athens' training, Djebbour had been training with Celtic and Blackburn Rovers. On 7 September 2010, Djebbour signed a three-year deal keeping at the club until 2013. Djebbour's contract is worth €3.3 million with a buy-out clause of €7 million.
After signing his contract extension in 2010, he began the 2010 season in great form, scoring 3 goals in three games (2–1 loss to Kerkyra, 1–0 win against Panserraikos, and a 2–2 draw with Asteras Tripolis) for the regular season as well as a goal during AEK's 3–1 Europa League win against Hajduk Split.
On 2 January 2011, Djebbour had another clash, this time with Manolo Jimenez, the current AEK Athens coach. Jimenez reportedly stressed to Djebbour that he is not allowed to attend the next day training and that he should instead meet with the chairman of AEK Athens.
After the incidents with Manolo Jimenez, Djebbour requested immediately to be released on a free transfer by AEK. He also requested to be paid his remaining wages doubled. Lens and other French teams declared interest in buying him.
Djebbour threatened AEK's board and was ready to seek a solution in court.
Olympiacos
2010–11
On 21 January 2011, Olympiacos bought Djebour from AEK Athens for €2.3 million. He signed a six-month contract with the club with the option of renewal for two years. He scored his first goal for Olympiacos in an away win at Aris after a superb assist of Ariel Ibagaza. That was followed by two goals in a 6–0 home win against AEK Athens, a goal against PAOK and the winning goal in a 2–1 derby win against Panathinaikos. He also scored in a home win 3–1 against Kavala after an assist of Giannis Maniatis and in the final match of the season, against AEL 1964 FC after a superb assist of Albert Riera
2011–12
Djebbour scored his first goal of the season with a last-minute winner in a thrilling home win 2–1 against Skoda Xanthi. Rafik's goal of the season came at a home win 2–1 against PAOK with an sublime header after an assist of Kevin Mirallas. His first European goal for Olympiakos came in a Champions League home win (3–1) against Borussia Dortmund. In the domestic league, he scored two goals in a 3–0 away win against Panionios. He also scored in a home win 2–1 against PAOK. He scored a goal in a 2–2 home draw against OFI Crete and a goal in a 1–1 home draw with Panathinaikos. He also scored in a 2–0 home win against Panetolikos. His second European goal came in a 3–1 home win against Arsenal in a Champions League home game. He also scored a goal in a 2–0 home win against PAS Giannina.
Djebbour scored a goal in a 7–2 home win against Asteras Tripoli. His third European goal of the season came in a 1–0 home win against Rubin Kazan in the Europa League. He also scored two goals in a 4–0 away win against PAS Giannina. Djebbour also scored in the Greek Cup Final in Olympiacos' win 2–1 against Atromitos.
In all competitions, Djebbour made 31 appearances, scoring 12 goals in the Greek Superleague and 16 goals in all competitions.
2012–13
Djebbour started the season with a goal in a 2–1 away win against Veria after an assist from José Holebas. He next scored two goals in a 4–0 home win against Levadiakos after assist of Djamel Abdoun. His next goal came in a 2–1 away win against PAS Giannina. At this match he made the assist to Kostas Mitroglou to score the second goal. He also scored two goals in a 4–1 home win against Panthrakikos after two assists of Djamel Abdoun and Ariel Ibagaza. He next scored two goals in a 4–0 home win against Skoda Xanthi. As a result of his outstanding performances the club has offered Djebbour a better contract extension. He also scored in a 1–1 away draw against PAOK. The next goal came in a 2–0 home win against Panachaiki, with a wonderful header at a Greek Cup match. He next scored two goals in an away draw 2–2 at the classical Greek derby against Panathinaikos after two assists of Djamel Abdoun and David Fuster. These goals marked his 4th goal in the classic derby Olympiacos-Panathinaikos with Olympiacos team. He scored 10 goals against Panathinaikos at his charge at Greece and he intrigued illustrious European football clubs such as Olympique de Marseille. His next goal came in an away win 2–1 against Panionios after an assist of Kostas Mitroglou.
Rafik Djebbour finished the first half of Greek Superleague with 12 goals in 11 appearances.
At January transfer window Rafik Djebbour renew his contract with Olympiacos until 2016.
The second half of Greek Superleague begins with a goal in a 3–0 home win against Veria with a penalty shot. With this goal has already surpass his previous record with Olympiacos of 12 goals in Greek Superleague. He scored his next goal against Levadiakos in a 1–0 away win at the last minute of the game with a wonderful header, after an assist of Juan Pablo Pino. His next goal came in a home win 2–0 against Pas Giannina. With this goal he equaled his previous (last year) record of 16 goals in all competitions with the Olympiacos' shirt and his previous record of 15 goals at Greek Superleague with the Panionios shirt. His next goal came in a 3–2 home loss against Atromitos after an assist of Kostas Mitroglou. His next goal came in an away win 2–0 against Skoda Xanthi. With this goal he reached 18 goals in all competitions and broke his previous record of 17 goals in all competitions with Panionios shirt. His next goal came in a home win 2–1 against Aris after an assist from Holebas.
He next scores two goals in an away win 4–0 against OFI after an assist of Djamel abdoun. With these two goals he reached 20 goals at 20 performances at Greek Superleague. At a home win against AEK Athens Djebbour did not score a goal but gave two assists at Djamel Abdoun and Avraam Papadopoulos. With that win Olympiacos claimed the 40th championship in its history. Djebbour made the assist to Kostas Mitroglou at a home draw 1–1 against Panathinaikos at the classical Greek derby.
He ended the season at Greek Superleague being the top scorer, scoring 20 goals in 24 appearances.
Loan to Sivasspor
On 6 September 2013, Djebbour joined Süper Lig club Sivasspor on a season-long loan deal from Olympiacos, after the interest of the coach of the club, Roberto Carlos. He played 13 games with the club in all competitions and scored 4 goals.
Nottingham Forest
Djebbour joined Nottingham Forest on 29 January 2014 for €1.5 million, initially on loan with the deal becoming permanent at the end of the season. Despite a debut goal, Djebbour, along with countryman Djamel Abdoun, was dropped by caretaker manager Gary Brazil due to a perceived lack of effort in training and bad attitude.
At the end of the season, Forest believed they could cancel the permanent transfer with his club Olympiacos, but were unable to. On 15 July 2014, it was confirmed Djebbour and Forest had reached an agreement to terminate his contract.
APOEL
On 5 August 2014, Djebbour signed a one-year contract with APOEL from Cyprus. He made his debut against Aalborg BK at GSP Stadium on 26 August 2014, in APOEL's 4–0 victory for the play-off round of the Champions League. Djebbour also appeared in five group stage matches in APOEL's 2014–15 UEFA Champions League campaign. He scored his first goal for APOEL on 6 October 2014, netting the winner in his teams’s 2–1 comeback win against Othellos for the Cypriot First Division. The next matchday, he scored for a second consecutive league match, netting again the winner in APOEL's 1–0 home win against Nea Salamina. On 15 December 2014, he scored twice in APOEL's enthralling 4–4 home draw against AEK Larnaca for the Cypriot First Division. On 11 March 2015, Djebbour came on as a 62nd-minute substitute and scored twice in APOEL's 2–0 home victory against Anorthosis for the quarter-finals of the Cypriot Cup. On 14 March 2015, he scored the equalizer in APOEL's 1–1 away draw against arch rivals Omonia for the play-offs of the Cypriot First Division. On 2 May 2015, Djebbour scored a stoppage-time winner to give APOEL a dramatic 3–2 win against arch rivals Omonia and helped his team to move five points clear at the top of the Cypriot First Division, just three matches before the end. On 24 May 2015, Djebbour scored twice in APOEL's 4–2 victory against Ermis Aradippou and celebrated the double, as his team secured their third consecutive championship title.
Return to AEK
On 17 June 2015, Djebbour signed a one-year contract with the option of a further season with AEK Athens, returning to his former club after four years.
He missed the start of the season and started training in November.
On 6 December 2015, in a home win against Kalloni F.C., he scored his first goal with AEK Athens after his return. At the semi-final of the Greek Cup against Atromitos he equalized an Eduardo Brito goal, by coming from the bench, helping the club to advance in the final targeting its first title after five years. On 17 May 2016, Djebbour scored to help his club win 2–1 against champions Olympiacos in Cup's final at the Olympic Stadium of Athens and won the title for 15th time in their history.
Aris F.C.
On 7 September 2016 Djebour made the move to Aris on a 3-year contract. On 6 November 2016, the Algerian striker had a beef with his team's fans after disappointing home draw (1-1) against Aiginiakos F.C. at Thessaloniki. Οn 18 July 2017, the administration of Aris has decided to terminate the contract of experienced Algerian striker Rafik Zoheir Djebbour, a year after his signing.
Later Years
On 3 October 2017 Djebbour signed a contract with GS Consolat, a team that plays at the Championnat National, making his return to France after 12 years.
International career
He made his debut with the Algeria in an unofficial friendly game against Istres in August 2006 and his first official game was the following day against Gabon, which Algeria lost 0–2. He scored his first international goal against Liberia on 6 June 2008. He played a key role in Algeria’s winning campaign to qualify for the 2010 FIFA World Cup and scored a crucial goal in Algeria’s 3–1 victory over Egypt in June 2009. He also played at the 2010 FIFA World Cup in South Africa but failed to score.
Career statistics
Club
International
Scores and results list Algeria's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Djebbour goal.
Honours
Olympiacos
Super League Greece: 2010–11, 2011–12, 2012–13
Greek Cup: 2011–12, 2012–13
APOEL
Cypriot First Division: 2014–15
Cypriot Cup: 2014–15
AEK Athens
Greek Cup: 2015–16
Individual
Super League Greece Golden Boot: 2012–13 (20 goals)
References
External links
APOEL official profile
Greek Superleague official profile and stats
Profile at UEFA.com
1984 births
Living people
French sportspeople of Algerian descent
Footballers from Grenoble
Men's association football forwards
Algerian men's footballers
French men's footballers
Algeria men's international footballers
Algerian expatriate men's footballers
French expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
Expatriate men's footballers in Greece
Expatriate men's footballers in Turkey
Expatriate men's footballers in England
Expatriate men's footballers in Cyprus
Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Greece
Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Algerian expatriate sportspeople in England
Algerian expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus
French expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
French expatriate sportspeople in Greece
French expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
French expatriate sportspeople in England
French expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus
Belgian Pro League players
Super League Greece players
Süper Lig players
English Football League players
Cypriot First Division players
AJ Auxerre players
R.A.A. Louviéroise players
Ethnikos Asteras F.C. players
Atromitos F.C. players
Panionios F.C. players
AEK Athens F.C. players
Olympiacos F.C. players
Sivasspor footballers
Nottingham Forest F.C. players
APOEL FC players
2010 FIFA World Cup players |
A cyclotron is a type of particle accelerator invented by Ernest Lawrence in 1929–1930 at the University of California, Berkeley, and patented in 1932. A cyclotron accelerates charged particles outwards from the center of a flat cylindrical vacuum chamber along a spiral path. The particles are held to a spiral trajectory by a static magnetic field and accelerated by a rapidly varying electric field. Lawrence was awarded the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physics for this invention.
The cyclotron was the first "cyclical" accelerator. The primary accelerators before the development of the cyclotron were electrostatic accelerators, such as the Cockcroft–Walton generator and the Van de Graaff generator. In these accelerators, particles would cross an accelerating electric field only once. Thus, the energy gained by the particles was limited by the maximum electrical potential that could be achieved across the accelerating region. This potential was in turn limited by electrostatic breakdown to a few million volts. In a cyclotron, by contrast, the particles encounter the accelerating region many times by following a spiral path, so the output energy can be many times the energy gained in a single accelerating step.
Cyclotrons were the most powerful particle accelerator technology until the 1950s, when they were surpassed by the synchrotron. Nonetheless they are still widely used to produce particle beams for nuclear medicine and basic research. As of 2020, close to 1,500 cyclotrons were in use worldwide for the production of radionuclides for nuclear medicine. In addition, cyclotrons can be used for particle therapy, where particle beams are directly applied to patients.
History
In 1927, while a student at Kiel, German physicist Max Steenbeck was the first to formulate the concept of the cyclotron, but he was discouraged from pursuing the idea further. In late 1928 and early 1929, Hungarian physicist Leo Szilárd filed patent applications in Germany for the linear accelerator, cyclotron, and betatron. In these applications, Szilárd became the first person to discuss the resonance condition (what is now called the cyclotron frequency) for a circular accelerating apparatus. However, neither Steenbeck's ideas nor Szilard's patent applications were ever published and therefore did not contribute to the development of the cyclotron. Several months later, in the early summer of 1929, Ernest Lawrence independently conceived the cyclotron concept after reading a paper by Rolf Widerøe describing a drift tube accelerator. He published a paper in Science in 1930 (the first published description of the cyclotron concept), after a student of his built a crude model in April of that year.
He patented the device in 1932.
To construct the first such device, Lawrence used large electromagnets recycled from obsolete arc converters provided by the Federal Telegraph Company.
He was assisted by a graduate student, M. Stanley Livingston Their first working cyclotron became operational in January 1931. This machine had a radius of , and accelerated protons to an energy up to 80 keV.
At the Radiation Laboratory on the campus of the University of California, Berkeley (now the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory), Lawrence and his collaborators went on to construct a series of cyclotrons which were the most powerful accelerators in the world at the time; a 4.8 MeV machine (1932), a 8 MeV machine (1937), and a 16 MeV machine (1939). Lawrence received the 1939 Nobel Prize in Physics for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it.
The first European cyclotron was constructed in the Soviet Union in the physics department of the V.G. Khlopin Radium Institute in Leningrad, headed by . This Leningrad instrument was first proposed in 1932 by George Gamow and and was installed and became operative by 1937.
Two cyclotrons were built in Nazi Germany. The first was constructed in 1937, in Otto Hahn's laboratory at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in Berlin, and was also used by Rudolf Fleischmann. It was the first cyclotron with a Greinacher multiplier to increase the voltage to 2.8 MV and 3 mA current. A second cyclotron was built in Heidelberg under the supervision of Walther Bothe and Wolfgang Gentner, with support from the Heereswaffenamt, and became operative in 1943.
By the late 1930s it had become clear that there was a practical limit on the beam energy that could be achieved with the traditional cyclotron design, due to the effects of special relativity. As particles reach relativistic speeds, their effective mass increases, which causes the resonant frequency for a given magnetic field to change. To address this issue and reach higher beam energies using cyclotrons, two primary approaches were taken, synchrocyclotrons (which hold the magnetic field constant, but decrease the accelerating frequency) and isochronous cyclotrons (which hold the accelerating frequency constant, but alter the magnetic field).
Lawrence's team built one of the first synchrocyclotrons in 1946. This machine eventually achieved a maximum beam energy of 350 MeV for protons. However, synchrocyclotrons suffer from low beam intensities (< 1 µA), and must be operated in a "pulsed" mode, further decreasing the available total beam. As such, they were quickly overtaken in popularity by isochronous cyclotrons.
The first isochronous cyclotron (other than classified prototypes) was built by F. Heyn and K.T. Khoe in Delft, the Netherlands, in 1956. Early isochronous cyclotrons were limited to energies of ~50 MeV per nucleon, but as manufacturing and design techniques gradually improved, the construction of "spiral-sector" cyclotrons allowed the acceleration and control of more powerful beams. Later developments included the use of more powerful superconducting magnets and the separation of the magnets into discrete sectors, as opposed to a single large magnet.
Principle of operation
Cyclotron principle
In a particle accelerator, charged particles are accelerated by applying an electric field across a gap. The force on a particle crossing this gap is given by the Lorentz force law:
where is the charge on the particle, is the electric field, is the particle velocity, and is the magnetic flux density. It is not possible to accelerate particles using only a static magnetic field, as the magnetic force always acts perpendicularly to the direction of motion, and therefore can only change the direction of the particle, not the speed.
In practice, the magnitude of an unchanging electric field which can be applied across a gap is limited by the need to avoid electrostatic breakdown. As such, modern particle accelerators use alternating (radio frequency) electric fields for acceleration. Since an alternating field across a gap only provides an acceleration in the forward direction for a portion of its cycle, particles in RF accelerators travel in bunches, rather than a continuous stream. In a linear particle accelerator, in order for a bunch to "see" a forward voltage every time it crosses a gap, the gaps must be placed further and further apart, in order to compensate for the increasing speed of the particle.
A cyclotron, by contrast, uses a magnetic field to bend the particle trajectories into a spiral, thus allowing the same gap to be used many times to accelerate a single bunch. As the bunch spirals outward, the increasing distance between transits of the gap is exactly balanced by the increase in speed, so a bunch will reach the gap at the same point in the RF cycle every time.
The frequency at which a particle will orbit in a perpendicular magnetic field is known as the cyclotron frequency, and depends, in the non-relativistic case, solely on the charge and mass of the particle, and the strength of the magnetic field:
where is the (linear) frequency, is the charge of the particle, is the magnitude of the magnetic field that is perpendicular to the plane in which the particle is travelling, and is the particle mass. The property that the frequency is independent of particle velocity is what allows a single, fixed gap to be used to accelerate a particle travelling in a spiral.
Particle energy
Each time a particle crosses the accelerating gap in a cyclotron, it is given an accelerating force by the electric field across the gap, and the total particle energy gain can be calculated by multiplying the increase per crossing by the number of times the particle crosses the gap.
However, given the typically high number of revolutions, it is usually simpler to estimate the energy by combining the equation for frequency in circular motion:
with the cyclotron frequency equation to yield:
The kinetic energy for particles with speed is therefore given by:
where is the radius at which the energy is to be determined. The limit on the beam energy which can be produced by a given cyclotron thus depends on the maximum radius which can be reached by the magnetic field and the accelerating structures, and on the maximum strength of the magnetic field which can be achieved.
K-factor
In the nonrelativistic approximation, the maximum kinetic energy per atomic mass for a given cyclotron is given by:
where is the elementary charge, is the strength of the magnet, is the maximum radius of the beam, is an atomic mass unit, is the charge of the beam particles, and is the atomic mass of the beam particles. The value of K
is known as the "K-factor", and is used to characterize the maximum beam energy of a cyclotron. It represents the theoretical maximum energy of protons (with Q and A equal to 1) accelerated in a given machine.
Particle trajectory
While the trajectory followed by a particle in the cyclotron is conventionally referred to as a "spiral", it is more accurately described as a series of arcs of constant radius. The particle speed, and therefore orbital radius, only increases at the accelerating gaps. Away from those regions, the particle will orbit (to a first approximation) at a fixed radius.
Still, a simple spiral may be a useful approximation. Considering that the particle gains energy in each turn, its energy after turns will be:
Combining it with the equation for the kinetic energy of a particle in the cyclotron gives:
This is the equation of a Fermat spiral.
Stability and focusing
As a particle bunch travels around a cyclotron, two effects tend to make its particles spread out. The first is simply the particles injected from the ion source having some initial spread of positions and velocities. This spread tends to get amplified over time, making the particles move away from the bunch center. The second is the mutual repulsion of the beam particles due to their electrostatic charges. Keeping the particles focused for acceleration requires confining the particles to the plane of acceleration (in-plane or "vertical" focusing), preventing them from moving inward or outward from their correct orbit ("horizontal" focusing), and keeping them synchronized with the accelerating RF field cycle (longitudinal focusing).
Transverse stability and focusing
The in-plane or "vertical" focusing is typically achieved by varying the magnetic field around the orbit, i.e. with azimuth. A cyclotron using this focusing method is thus called an azimuthally-varying field (AVF) cyclotron. The variation in field strength is provided by shaping the steel core of the magnet into sectors. This solution for focusing the particle beam was proposed by L. H. Thomas in 1938 and almost all modern cyclotrons use azimuthally-varying fields.
The "horizontal" focusing happens as a natural result of cyclotron motion. Since for identical particles travelling perpendicularly to a constant magnetic field the trajectory curvature radius is only a function of their speed, all particles with the same speed will travel in circular orbits of the same radius, and a particle with a slightly incorrect trajectory will simply travel in a circle with a slightly offset center. Relative to a particle with a centered orbit, such a particle will appear to undergo a horizontal oscillation relative to the centered particle. This oscillation is stable for particles with a small deviation from the reference energy.
Longitudinal stability
The instantaneous level of synchronization between a particle and the RF field is expressed by phase difference between the RF field and the particle. In the first harmonic mode (i.e. particles make one revolution per RF cycle) it is the difference between the instantaneous phase of the RF field and the instantaneous azimuth of the particle. Fastest acceleration is achieved when the phase difference equals 90° (modulo 360°). Poor synchronization, i.e. phase difference far from this value, leads to the particle being accelerated slowly or even decelerated (outside of the 0–180° range).
As the time taken by a particle to complete an orbit depends only on particle's type, magnetic field (which may vary with the radius), and Lorentz factor (see ), cyclotrons have no longitudinal focusing mechanism which would keep the particles synchronized to the RF field. The phase difference, that the particle had at the moment of its injection into the cyclotron, is preserved throughout the acceleration process, but errors from imperfect match between the RF field frequency and the cyclotron frequency at a given radius accumulate on top of it. Failure of the particle to be injected with phase difference within about ±20° from the optimum may make its acceleration too slow and its stay in the cyclotron too long. As a consequence, half-way through the process the phase difference escapes the 0–180° range, the acceleration turns into deceleration, and the particle fails to reach the target energy. Grouping of the particles into correctly synchronized bunches before their injection into the cyclotron thus greatly increases the injection efficiency.
Relativistic considerations
In the non-relativistic approximation, the cyclotron frequency does not depend upon the particle's speed or the radius of the particle's orbit. As the beam spirals outward, the rotation frequency stays constant, and the beam continues to accelerate as it travels a greater distance in the same time period. In contrast to this approximation, as particles approach the speed of light, the cyclotron frequency decreases due to the change in relativistic mass. This change is proportional to the particle's Lorentz factor.
The relativistic mass can be written as:
where:
is the particle rest mass,
is the relative velocity, and
is the Lorentz factor.
Substituting this into the equations for cyclotron frequency and angular frequency gives:
The gyroradius for a particle moving in a static magnetic field is then given by:
Expressing the speed in this equation in terms of frequency and radius
yields the connection between the magnetic field strength, frequency, and radius:
Approaches to relativistic cyclotrons
Synchrocyclotron
Since increases as the particle reaches relativistic velocities, acceleration of relativistic particles requires modification of the cyclotron to ensure the particle crosses the gap at the same point in each RF cycle. If the frequency of the accelerating electric field is varied while the magnetic field is held constant, this leads to the synchrocyclotron.
In this type of cyclotron, the accelerating frequency is varied as a function of particle orbit radius such that:
The decrease in accelerating frequency is tuned to match the increase in gamma for a constant magnetic field.
Isochronous cyclotron
If instead the magnetic field is varied with radius while the frequency of the accelerating field is held constant, this leads to the isochronous cyclotron.
Keeping the frequency constant allows isochronous cyclotrons to operate in a continuous mode, which makes them capable of producing much greater beam current than synchrocyclotrons. On the other hand, as precise matching of the orbital frequency to the accelerating field frequency is the responsibility of the magnetic field variation with radius, the variation must be precisely tuned.
Fixed-field alternating gradient accelerator (FFA)
An approach which combines static magnetic fields (as in the synchrocyclotron) and alternating gradient focusing (as in a synchrotron) is the fixed-field alternating gradient accelerator (FFA). In an isochronous cyclotron, the magnetic field is shaped by using precisely machined steel magnet poles. This variation provides a focusing effect as the particles cross the edges of the poles. In an FFA, separate magnets with alternating directions are used to focus the beam using the principle of strong focusing. The field of the focusing and bending magnets in an FFA is not varied over time, so the beam chamber must still be wide enough to accommodate a changing beam radius within the field of the focusing magnets as the beam accelerates.
Classifications
Cyclotron types
There are a number of basic types of cyclotron:
Beam types
The particles for cyclotron beams are produced in ion sources of various types.
Target types
To make use of the cyclotron beam, it must be directed to a target.
Usage
Basic research
For several decades, cyclotrons were the best source of high-energy beams for nuclear physics experiments. With the advent of strong focusing synchrotrons, cyclotrons were supplanted as the accelerators capable of producing the highest energies. However, due to their compactness, and therefore lower expense compared to high energy synchrotrons, cyclotrons are still used to create beams for research where the primary consideration is not achieving the maximum possible energy. Cyclotron based nuclear physics experiments are used to measure basic properties of isotopes (particularly short lived radioactive isotopes) including half life, mass, interaction cross sections, and decay schemes.
Medical uses
Radioisotope production
Cyclotron beams can be used to bombard other atoms to produce short-lived isotopes with a variety of medical uses, including medical imaging and radiotherapy. Positron and gamma emitting isotopes, such as fluorine-18, carbon-11, and technetium-99m are used for PET and SPECT imaging. While cyclotron produced radioisotopes are widely used for diagnostic purposes, therapeutic uses are still largely in development. Proposed isotopes include astatine-211, palladium-103, rhenium-186, and bromine-77, among others.
Beam therapy
The first suggestion that energetic protons could be an effective treatment method was made by Robert R. Wilson in a paper published in 1946 while he was involved in the design of the Harvard Cyclotron Laboratory.
Beams from cyclotrons can be used in particle therapy to treat cancer. Ion beams from cyclotrons can be used, as in proton therapy, to penetrate the body and kill tumors by radiation damage, while minimizing damage to healthy tissue along their path.
As of 2020, there were approximately 80 facilities worldwide for radiotherapy using beams of protons and heavy ions, consisting of a mixture of cyclotrons and synchrotrons. Cyclotrons are primarily used for proton beams, while synchrotrons are used to produce heavier ions.
Advantages and limitations
The most obvious advantage of a cyclotron over a linear accelerator is that because the same accelerating gap is used many times, it is both more space efficient and more cost efficient; particles can be brought to higher energies in less space, and with less equipment. The compactness of the cyclotron reduces other costs as well, such as foundations, radiation shielding, and the enclosing building. Cyclotrons have a single electrical driver, which saves both equipment and power costs. Furthermore, cyclotrons are able to produce a continuous beam of particles at the target, so the average power passed from a particle beam into a target is relatively high compared to the pulsed beam of a synchrotron.
However, as discussed above, a constant frequency acceleration method is only possible when the accelerated particles are approximately obeying Newton's laws of motion. If the particles become fast enough that relativistic effects become important, the beam becomes out of phase with the oscillating electric field, and cannot receive any additional acceleration. The classical cyclotron (constant field and frequency) is therefore only capable of accelerating particles up to a few percent of the speed of light. Synchro-, isochronous, and other types of cyclotrons can overcome this limitation, with the tradeoff of increased complexity and cost.
An additional limitation of cyclotrons is due to space charge effects – the mutual repulsion of the particles in the beam. As the amount of particles (beam current) in a cyclotron beam is increased, the effects of electrostatic repulsion grow stronger until they disrupt the orbits of neighboring particles. This puts a functional limit on the beam intensity, or the number of particles which can be accelerated at one time, as distinct from their energy.
Notable examples
Related technologies
The spiraling of electrons in a cylindrical vacuum chamber within a transverse magnetic field is also employed in the magnetron, a device for producing high frequency radio waves (microwaves). In the magnetron, electrons are bent into a circular path by a magnetic field, and their motion is used to excite resonant cavities, producing electromagnetic radiation.
A betatron uses the change in the magnetic field to accelerate electrons in a circular path. While static magnetic fields cannot provide acceleration, as the force always acts perpendicularly to the direction of particle motion, changing fields can be used to induce an electromotive force in the same manner as in a transformer. The betatron was developed in 1940, although the idea had been proposed substantially earlier.
A synchrotron is another type of particle accelerator that uses magnets to bend particles into a circular trajectory. Unlike in a cyclotron, the particle path in a synchrotron has a fixed radius. Particles in a synchrotron pass accelerating stations at increasing frequency as they get faster. To compensate for this frequency increase, both the frequency of the applied accelerating electric field and the magnetic field must be increased in tandem, leading to the "synchro" portion of the name.
In fiction
The United States Department of War famously asked for dailies of the Superman comic strip to be pulled in April 1945 for having Superman bombarded with the radiation from a cyclotron.
In the 1984 film Ghostbusters, a miniature cyclotron forms part of the proton pack used for catching ghosts.
See also
Cyclotron radiation – radiation produced by non-relativistic charged particles bent by a magnetic field
Fast neutron therapy – a type of beam therapy that may use accelerator produced beams
Microtron - an accelerator concept similar to the cyclotron which uses a linear accelerator type accelerating structure with a constant magnetic field.
Radiation reaction force – a braking force on beams that are bent in a magnetic field
Notes
References
Further reading
About a neighborhood cyclotron in Anchorage, Alaska.
An experiment done by Fred M. Niell, III his senior year of high school (1994–95) with which he won the overall grand prize in the ISEF.
External links
Current facilities
The 88-Inch Cyclotron at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
PSI Proton Accelerator – the highest beam current cyclotron in the world.
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-based Science – Home of the highest energy cyclotron in the world
Rutgers Cyclotron – Students at Rutgers University built a 1 MeV cyclotron as an undergraduate project, which is now used for a senior-level undergraduate and a graduate lab course.
TRIUMF – the largest single-magnet cyclotron in the world.
Historic cyclotrons
Ernest Lawrence's Cyclotron A history of cyclotron development at the Berkeley Radiation Laboratory, now Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory of the Michigan State University – Home of coupled K500 and K1200 superconducting cyclotrons; the K500, the first superconducting cyclotron, and the K1200, formerly the most powerful in the world.
1932 introductions
Accelerator physics
American inventions
Nuclear medicine
Particle accelerators |
Dromintee St Patrick's Gaelic Athletic Club () is a GAA club in Armagh. It represents the Dromintee and Jonesborough parish on the southern border of County Armagh. Dromintee plays Gaelic football and is currently in the Armagh Senior Football Championship.
History
Dromintee Gaelic Football Club was established in 1886 or 1887, becoming the first Armagh club to affiliate to the GAA. The Dundalk Democrat reported a match played on 27 February 1887 between Dromintee and Kilcurry (County Louth). The Dromintee team, which may have been known as Gap of the North, seems to have disappeared within a year.
In the 1920s Gaelic games underwent a revival, with the formation in the parish of Jonesboro Border Rangers GAC. The high point of this club's existence was winning the Armagh Junior Football Championship in 1934, defeating High Moss by 1-7 to 2-2. The Rangers broke up in 1937 but were again active in 1941–1946. (In the interim, a club called Faughil Emmets operated in the parish in 1940–41.)
The present club, Dromintee St Patrick's, was founded in 1952, when it won the South Armagh League. Dromintee won the South Armagh Junior Championship in 1954 and the Armagh Junior League in 1963.
Dromintee's first victory in a county championship final was in 1966, when it secured the Junior title. The 1970s were difficult for the club, but its fortunes revived with League victories in 1983 (Division 4) and 1984 (Div. 3). It won the JFC again in 1984, and was promoted to the Intermediate ranks.
In 1985, Dromintee lost the Intermediate football final to Derrynoose. The club opened its new grounds, Páirc Uí Luachra agus Mhic Cathmhaoil (Lochrie and Campbell Park), in 1988. In 1989, it secured its first IFC title, defeating Mullaghbawn 0-10 to 0-7. Another IFC title came in 1996, when Dromintee beat Middletown Eoghan Rua by 1-9 to 0-6.
The club did not reach a Senior county final until 2001, when it lost to Crossmaglen Rangers. Remarkably, it faced Crossmaglen again in the 2002, 2003, 2005 and 2010 finals, losing on each occasion.
Dromintee was the home of a former GAA President, Pádraig MacNamee. He served as President from 1938 to 1943 as a representative of Antrim.
Current Football Squad 2022
1. Dylan McGahon
2. Ronan Quinn (c)
3. Peter Campbell
4. Cathal O’Neill
5. Adam Markey
6. Paul Martin
7. Ryan Gaskin
8. Darren McKenna
9. Gareth Kilgallon
10. Niall Quinn
11. Shea McArdle
12. Liam Fearon
13. Oran Loughran
14. Cathal McKenna
15. Jack McArdle
Subs used
17. Aaron Boyle
21. Ryan Hughes
Team vs Maghery Armagh Senior Football League Division 1A
Hurling and camogie
Hurling and camogie teams were formed in 1987, but the former was short-lived. The camogie team has won two county championships and several league titles.
Notable players/former players
Aidan O'Rourke, Armagh county player 2001–09, All Star, former Louth manager
Kevin Dyas, Armagh county player and Australian rules footballer
fergus “bastid” toale, Current bastid
Honours
Armagh Junior Football Championship (2 as present club)
1934 (Jonesboro Border Rangers)
1966, 1984
Armagh Intermediate Football Championship (2)
1989, 1996
Armagh Under-21 Football Championship (1)
2003
Armagh Junior Camogie Championship (1)
1994
Armagh Intermediate Camogie Championship (1)
1996
Armagh Senior Football League A (1)
2020/2021
References
External links
Club website
Gaelic games clubs in County Armagh
Gaelic football clubs in County Armagh |
Frank Edgar Cornish IV (September 24, 1967 – August 22, 2008) was an American football offensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) for the San Diego Chargers, Dallas Cowboys, Minnesota Vikings, Jacksonville Jaguars, and Philadelphia Eagles. He was selected in the sixth round of the 1990 NFL Draft. He played college football at UCLA.
Early years
Cornish attended Chicago's Mount Carmel High School where he played at a middle linebacker as a freshman. The next year, he was moved to the defensive tackle. As a junior, he began to play as a two-way tackle, and was named a starter on the offensive line.
He accepted a football scholarship from the University of California, Los Angeles. As a redshirt freshman he became a starter at guard for the last four games of the 1986 season, after Jim Alexander fractured his hand.
As a sophomore, he was named the starting center. He was a three-year starter (35 games) at center and was voted the team’s offensive MVP in 1989.
Professional career
San Diego Chargers
Cornish was selected by the San Diego Chargers in the sixth round (143rd overall) of the 1990 NFL Draft. He started all 16 games at center as a rookie. In 1991, he suffered a sprained ankle in minicamp, that allowed Courtney Hall to pass him on the depth chart and he was relegated to a backup role, seeing action mostly as the team's long snapper.
Dallas Cowboys (first stint)
On April 2, 1992, the Dallas Cowboys signed him as a Plan B free agent, reuniting with his college quarterback Troy Aikman. While starter Mark Stepnoski was involved in a contract holdout during training camp, he started throughout the preseason and for the first 2 regular season contests, becoming the first African-American center to make the team in franchise history. He also replaced an injured Stepnoski late in the third quarter of the third game against the Phoenix Cardinals. In Super Bowl XXVII, Cornish and his father became the first father-son combination to have appeared in a Super Bowl (his father played in Super Bowl VI).
In 1993, Stepnoski suffered a knee injury in the 13th game of the season against the Minnesota Vikings that required surgery. Cornish replaced him in three games, until he was passed on the depth chart by John Gesek for the Playoffs and Super Bowl XXVIII.
Minnesota Vikings
On July 11, 1994, he was signed to a one-year contract by the Minnesota Vikings to replace Adam Schreiber. He was beaten by Jeff Christy and played sparingly as the long snapper in 7 games. He was released on November 10.
Dallas Cowboys (second stint)
On November 21, 1994, he was signed by the Dallas Cowboys to provide depth on the offensive line. He wasn't re-signed after the season.
Jacksonville Jaguars
On August 5, 1995, he signed as a free agent with the Jacksonville Jaguars for their inaugural season. On September 18, after being allowed to carry 56 players during the first three games of the season, the team was forced to reduce its roster to 53 and released Cornish who only played on special teams.
Philadelphia Eagles
On November 21, 1995, the Philadelphia Eagles signed him as a free agent. He appeared in 2 games and wasn't re-signed after the season.
Personal life
Cornish died of heart disease in his sleep at his home on August 22, 2008. Cornish lived in Southlake, Texas (near Dallas) with his wife Robin, who is a registered nurse in the Dallas area, and their five children (three daughters and two sons). His father Frank Cornish, Jr. played defensive tackle in the National Football League for the Miami Dolphins and the Chicago Bears.
Robin Cornish is one of the people featured in "Southlake", a podcast produced by NBC News.
References
External links
1967 births
2008 deaths
Players of American football from Chicago
American football centers
UCLA Bruins football players
San Diego Chargers players
Dallas Cowboys players
Minnesota Vikings players
Jacksonville Jaguars players
Philadelphia Eagles players |
The 1946 Australian federal election was held in Australia on 28 September 1946. All 74 seats in the House of Representatives and 19 of the 36 seats in the Senate were up for election. The incumbent Labor Party led by Prime Minister Ben Chifley defeated the opposition Liberal–Country coalition, led by Robert Menzies. It was the Liberal Party's first federal election since its creation. This was the first time the Labor party had won a second consecutive election. This was also the last time the Labor party would win a federal election until the 1972 election.
The election was held in conjunction with three referendum questions, one of which was carried.
Results
House of Representatives
Notes
Independent: Doris Blackburn (Bourke, Vic.)
In South Australia, the Liberal Party was known as the Liberal and Country League.
Senate
Notes
Of the three senators elected on Liberal–Country joint tickets, two were Liberal Party members and one was a Country Party member.
Seats changing hands
Members listed in italics did not contest their seat at this election.
See also
Candidates of the 1946 Australian federal election
Members of the Australian House of Representatives, 1946–1949
Members of the Australian Senate, 1947–1950
Notes
References
University of WA election results in Australia since 1890
Two-party-preferred vote since 1937
Federal elections in Australia
1946 elections in Australia
September 1946 events in Australia
Aftermath of World War II in Australia |
The Council for American–Soviet Trade was a proposal conceived and authored by the National Association of Manufacturers (NAM)'s international economic affairs department (IEA) to regularize commercial development between US corporation leaders and Soviet industrial and state-controlled trade organizations. It became the forerunning blueprint for the eventual US-USSR Trade and Economic Council which was formally established in October 1973.
Origins
The Council for American–Soviet Trade (CAST) was initially proposed in February 1973 following the highly successful US-Soviet Trade Conference organized by the NAM in Washington at the Shoreham Hotel. With over 800 delegates and a high-level Soviet delegation led by Vice Minister of Foreign Trade V.S. Alkhimov, this conference was the largest gathering of its kind. CAST was designed in response to an official protocol which emerged from President Nixon's summit with Soviet premier Leonid Breznev during the Soviet leader's visit to Washington in June 1973. NAM's East-West Task Force had hosted a luncheon for Soviet Foreign Trade Minister N.S. Patolichev at the Washington International Club on June 22 during the Summit which reinforced the prominent role of NAM in the development of a permanent organizational mechanism. Soviet leadership had been impressed by NAM's follow-up including a June 1 meeting in New York City between Nicholas E. Hollis, NAM'-IEA's vice president and members of the East–West Task Force and Soviet deputy foreign trade minister V. Smeljakov where the CAST proposal was initially presented in writing with diagrams and proposed functions, including dual secretariat offices in Moscow and New York. NAM president E.D. Kenna testified on challenges of US-Soviet trade reform, including export credit extension and repeal of the Jackson–Vanik amendment before the Joint Economic Committee of the Congress on July 17 and underscored the CAST proposal as one approach to dealing with state controlled economies (Journal of Commerce, July 19, 1973). NAM's cautionary, qualified endorsement for exploring trade openings with the USSR contrasted with Chase Manhattan Bank's David Rockefeller, who pressed for wider export credit support and broader trade liberalization with the Soviets.
NAM mission to USSR: gamesmanship finale
V.S. Alkhimov subsequently extended an invitation to visit the Soviet Union to NAM President E.D. Kenna, vice president N.E. Hollis and honorary chairman Burt F. Raynes (also chairman of Rohr Industries in Chula Vista, California). This visit occurred from September 23 to October 5, 1973, and enabled NAM to participate in the inaugural meetings for the US-USSR Trade and Economic Council in Moscow October 1 and the press conference announcing its formation on October 2 at Spasso House.
After all the gamesmanship surrounding rival concepts and leadership jockeying, what finally emerged was a dual secretariat (Moscow and New York staff offices) and governing statutes which closely resembled the CAST proposal as originally outlined by NAM staff after the US–Soviet Trade Conference. The visit also included side-trips to St. Petersburg (Leningrad) on the Baltic and the Georgian SSR capital of Tbilisi – enriched with numerous cultural excursions for spouses. The Soviet Government absorbed all in-country costs for the NAM mission. Although the NAM leaders were received at the ministerial level (Patolichev) and other Kremlin officials, a farewell audience with Soviet premier Breznev scheduled for the final day – was cancelled at the last minute ostensibly due to illness. But on the evening of October 4, the lights burned late at the Kremlin – and within twenty four hours, the Egyptian and Syrian armies opened the October War against Israel
Notes
External links
US-Russia Business Council
Measures of Maturity, My Early Life by N.S. Patolichev
Bilateral trading relationships
Soviet Union–United States relations
Foreign trade of the United States
Foreign trade of the Soviet Union |
Park Blocks may refer to:
North Park Blocks, Portland, Oregon
Park Blocks (Eugene, Oregon)
South Park Blocks, Portland, Oregon |
Imishli District () is one of the 66 districts of Azerbaijan. It is located in the centre of the country and belongs to the Central Aran Economic Region. The district borders the districts of Beylagan, Zardab, Kurdamir, Sabirabad, Saatly, Bilasuvar, and the Ardabil Province of Iran. Its capital and largest city is Imishli. As of 2020, the district had a population of 158,682.
Geography
The district is mostly lowlands and its territory is below sea level. The Kura river forms the northern border of the district, while Aras river forms part of the southern border and flows through the centre of the district. Partly grey and grey soils are spread in the district. There are several natural mineral resources such as oil and gas and sand-gravel.
The climate is mostly mild warm and dry desert. The average temperature is around 1.60C in January and 26.10C in July. Annual precipitation is 300 mm. The main vegetation is a semi-desert type of wormwood and saline. The forest area consists of poplars, cypresses, mulberries, ordinary pomegranates, horses, hips, and woods. The area has a diverse flora. There are wild boars, wolves, common foxes, grey rabbits and gazelles. Small mammals mostly represented by gums. From the birds, the pheasant, the larvae, is more than a hawk, adornment, and dove.
Azerbaijan's largest natural lake, Sarysu, is located mostly in the Imishli District, with a small part of it falling onto the neighbouring Sabirabad District.
Education and culture
The Public Education Department of Imishli District started its work in January 1942. Since January 1989, it was renamed the Department of Public Education of the district, and from October 1993 - District Education Department. At present, the Imishli District Education Department has 62 general education schools, including 57 full-time, 3 general secondary, 2 primary schools and 2 out-of-school establishments.
Notable natives
Vusal Gasimli - Executive Director of the Center for Analyses of Economic Reforms and Communication of the Republic of Azerbaijan, professor, doctor of economic sciences.
Media
The "Xalq sozu" newspaper, which has been published since 1990, has been headed by Baloghlan Ganbarli, Boyukagha Huseynov, Mutallim Huseynov, Azay Hashimov, Mammad Gasimov, Hidayat Kazimov, Jafar Garayev, Shukur Seyfullayev and Murad Farzaliyev. Currently, the newspaper's head is Samed Ismayilov.
Historical monuments
The Khurshurt dwellings coincide with the Bronze Age. It is located on the right side of Baku-Beylegan road, 1.2 km from the village of Nurulu.
The settlement of Gyzyltepe coincides with the Bronze Age. It is located 4 km north-east of the village of Gyzylkend.
The Yedditepe mound belongs to the last Bronze Age and the Iron Age. It is located in the west of the village of Gyzylkend.
Garatapé is the first Bronze Age settlement, located 17 km north–south of the Bajiravan village of the region.
The Abyktepe settlement dates back to the Bronze Age. It is located 3 km north of Aranly village.
The remains of Galacha belong to the 12th-13th centuries. It is located 17 km from Bahramtapa-Bilasuvar highway.
Infrastructure
Imishli Sugar Factory was built by the Azersun Holding Group of Companies and was put into operation on 23 March 2006. President Ilham Aliyev attended the opening of the plant. The plant produces sugar powder, with a daily production capacity of 1,000 tonnes. The enterprise employs 850 people, the average monthly salary is 430 manats.
Plant Lubricants Plant of Azerbaijan Sugar Production Association Plant Oil Plant was put into operation in 2009 and the daily production capacity is 200 tons.
Combined feed mill of Azerbaijan Sugar Production Union The mixed feed mill was put into operation in 2009 and the daily production capacity is 600 tons.
Araz was built at the expense of Canned Juices and Cognac Plant and started operating in 2003. The company employs 150 people, with a production capacity of 850 conventional banks.
Imishli Broiler-Poultry Limited Liability Company was established on the basis of Imishli Broiler-Poultry farm, it was put into operation in 2003. It produces 5 tons of poultry per day. There are 210 employees.
The Muradkhanli Enlarged Oil Mine started operating in 1970, with a daily production capacity of 85 tonnes. The number of employees is 160 people.
Imishli Locomotive depot was commissioned in 1968 and the number of employees is 218.
Bahramtapa Iron and Steel Plant is a local enterprise of "Melioration and Water Management" Open Joint-Stock Company producing iron and concrete products. Starting from 1986, the plant employs 51 people. The daily production capacity is 75 cubic meters.
Imishli Iron and Steel Open Joint-Stock Company, the plant has been producing iron and concrete products since 1960. The factory employs 185 people. The daily production capacity is 85 cubic meters.
"ORION-E" Limited Liability Company was established at the expense of the Limited Liability Company and started operating in 2003. The company employs 87 people, producing 75-80 tons of ascetics a day.
330-kV Imishli-Parsabad power transmission line, construction works at the power transmission line were carried out by Azerenergystroy LLC under the contract with the Samir company of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The launch of the strategic power transmission line will connect the energy systems of Azerbaijan and the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Imishli-Garavalili-Mirili, the capital repair work was carried out on Imishli-Garavali-Mirili highway by order of President Ilham Aliyev of Azerbaijan dated October 21, 2010, No. 1163. The 12-kilometre-long motorway has been reconstructed in line with modern requirements, along with the road renovation and landscaping. This road, built on the world-class level, eliminated all obstacles that prevented the movement of trucks and passenger cars, and people's long-lasting dissatisfaction has been abandoned. The use of the road has also reduced the distance between the Imishli and Saatli districts twice.
Railways, the length of automobile roads passing through Imishli region is 98 km. 7 km of these roads are of II category and 91 km are the III category. The length of local roads is 152 km. 111 km of this road is of IV category and 41 km is V category. The length of the railways passing through the district is the only 80 km. In addition, 35 km of the main road, 20 km of the road, and 25 km are the narrow roads.
Court
Imishli District Court was established in 1938. The initial name of the Court was Garadonlu People's Court. From 8 August 1938, it was renamed Imishli District People's Court.
Settlements
References
Districts of Azerbaijan
Populated places in Imishli District |
The Women's heavyweight competition at the 2009 World Taekwondo Championships was held at the Ballerup Super Arena in Copenhagen, Denmark on October 18. Heavyweights were over 73 kilograms in body mass.
Medalists
Results
Legend
DQ — Won by disqualification
WD — Won by withdrawal
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Bottom half
Section 3
Section 4
References
Draw
Official Report
Women's 74
2009
World 74 |
Group A of the 2008 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone Group I was one of four pools in the Europe/Africa Zone Group I of the 2008 Fed Cup. Four teams competed in a round robin competition, with the top team and the bottom team proceeding to their respective sections of the play-offs: the top team played for advancement to the World Group II Play-offs, while the bottom team faced potential relegation to Group II.
Netherlands vs. Luxembourg
Bulgaria vs. Portugal
Netherlands vs. Portugal
Bulgaria vs. Luxembourg
Netherlands vs. Bulgaria
Luxembourg vs. Portugal
See also
Fed Cup structure
References
External links
Fed Cup website
2008 Fed Cup Europe/Africa Zone |
Stewart Chapel is an unincorporated community in Warren County, Tennessee, United States.
Notes
Unincorporated communities in Warren County, Tennessee
Unincorporated communities in Tennessee |
Vibjörn (Wibjörn) Karlén (born 26 August 1937 in Kristine, Kopparberg County, Sweden; died 22 October 2021) was a Swedish geologist who was professor emeritus of physical geography and quaternary geology at Stockholm University.
In an article which describes Karlén as a paleoclimatologist, he is quoted as saying: "One of the big problems with trying to determine long-term temperature changes, is that weather records only go back to about 1860. By relying on statistical reconstruction of the last 1000 years, using only the temperature patterns of the last 140 years instead of actual temperature readings, the IPCC report and Summary missed both a major cooling period as well as a significant warming trend during that millennium." Karlén has also criticized the mainstream media for "spreading the exaggerated views of a human impact on climate." He was also named in a 2007 minority report of the U.S. Senate Environment and Public Works Committee as one of 400 "prominent scientists" who were said to dispute global warming. In 2010, he predicted that natural climate changes, caused to a large degree by the sun's activity, would more likely make the climate colder than warmer in the next decades.
He was a contributing author to the Fraser Institute 2007 Independent Summary for Policymakers.
Karlén was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and editor-in-chief of the journal Geografiska Annaler Series A, Physical Geography from 2004 to 2010.
References
1937 births
2021 deaths
People from Dalarna
Quaternary geologists
20th-century Swedish geologists
Swedish geographers
Paleoclimatologists
Academic staff of Stockholm University
Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences |
Franklin Township is a rural township in Wright County, Minnesota, United States. The township population was 2,774 at the 2000 census.
History
Franklin Township was originally called Newport Township, and under the latter name was organized in 1858. It was soon afterwards changed to Franklin, there being another township in the state with a similar name. It was then named in honor of Benjamin Franklin. The 1871 District No. 48 School in Franklin Township is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the township has a total area of , of which is land and (2.48%) is water.
The city of Delano is located within Franklin Township geographically, but is a separate entity.
Franklin Township is located in Township 118 North of the Arkansas Base Line and Range 25 West of the 5th Principal Meridian.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,774 people, 889 households, and 784 families residing in the township. The population density was . There were 907 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the township was 98.63% White, 0.11% African American, 0.32% Native American, 0.58% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.14% from other races, and 0.18% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 0.83% of the population.
There were 889 households, out of which 40.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 81.0% were married couples living together, 3.8% had a female householder with no husband present, and 11.7% were non-families. 8.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.05 and the average family size was 3.25.
In the township the population was spread out, with 27.4% under the age of 18, 7.1% from 18 to 24, 27.6% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 10.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 39 years. For every 100 females, there were 106.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 102.6 males.
The median income for a household in the township was $68,750, and the median income for a family was $71,321. Males had a median income of $40,662 versus $32,117 for females. The per capita income for the township was $27,429. About 1.4% of families and 1.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 0.4% of those under age 18 and 8.1% of those age 65 or over.
References
Townships in Wright County, Minnesota
Townships in Minnesota |
John James Hope-Johnstone of Annandale (29 November 1796 – 11 July 1876) was a Scottish Tory politician.
He was the eldest son of Vice-Admiral Sir William Johnstone Hope GCB and Lady Anne, eldest daughter of the 3rd Earl of Hopetoun. On 8 July 1816 he married Alicia Anne, eldest daughter of George Gordon esq; they had at least 11 children. He was Keeper of Lochmaben Palace.
Hope-Johnstone was the Member of Parliament (MP) for Dumfriesshire from 1830 until 1847 and again from 1857 to 1865. He succeeded his father after the latter's retirement, reportedly at the urging of the newly crowned king William IV. While in Parliament, he supported several reform bills and introduced a petition from Church of Scotland ministers supporting daily Bible classes for Protestant children in Ireland.
He lived at Raehills in Lockerbie (where he considerably extended the house but faced "estate debts"), and Hook House, Dumfriesshire.
He was appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of Dumfriesshire in 1874.
He was de jure 7th Earl of Annandale and Hartfell. He on several occasions sought to obtain a peerage, but was ultimately unsuccessful. The cause of his death in 1876 was given as "general decay".
Sources
Oliver & Boyd's New Edinburgh Almanac and National Repository, 1845
References
External links
1796 births
1876 deaths
John
Tory MPs (pre-1834)
Scottish Tory MPs (pre-1912)
UK MPs 1830–1831
UK MPs 1831–1832
UK MPs 1832–1835
UK MPs 1835–1837
UK MPs 1837–1841
UK MPs 1841–1847
UK MPs 1852–1857
UK MPs 1857–1859
UK MPs 1859–1865
19th-century Scottish people
Earls of Annandale and Hartfell
John |
Digital Crimes (2002) is an album by Memorain.
Track listing
All songs written by Ilias Papadakis, except "Digital Crimes", "Last War - Final Day", written by Ilias Papadakis and Kostas Bagiatis, and "Visions Of Darkness", written by Ilias Papadakis and Panos Andricopoulos
"Digital Crimes"
"Until You Die"
"Bones"
"Alone"
"Turned on You"
"Extend of Life"
"Burning Justice"
"Last War - Final Day"
"Silence"
"Visions of Darkness"
Credits
Ilias Papadakis - Guitars, Vocals
Alex Doutsis - Guitars
Kostas Bagiatis - Bass
Panos Andricopoulos - Drums
References
2003 albums
Memorain albums |
Charley Valera (born 22 October 1957) is an American author. He has chronicled World War II stories as told first-hand by the soldiers, sailors and airmen that participated. His first book was "My Father's War: Memories from Our Honored WWII Soldiers". Valera's second publication was "A Military Mustang: The Extraordinary Life of Captain John W. Arens"
During the Pandemic of 2020, Valera teamed up with rock 'n roll's premier Lighting Director, Cosmo Wilson. Together they have chronicled the continued memoirs from Cosmo Wilson's more than 40 years in the music industry. Lighting for millions of fans, such artists as AC/DC, Aerosmith, Foreigner, Rolling Stones and dozens more.
Valera is a pilot and aviation enthusiast has been invited to speak on topics of his books and aviation. Valera is also an affiliate Gulf Coast Writers Association in Southwest Florida.
Valera assisted with the four-time Emmy awarded special with host Nick Emmons on Reflect on D-Day 75 Years Later on NBC
He has hosted a TV mini-series program that discusses WWII veterans life stories.
The 80 minute documentary, "Memories from our Honored WWll Soldiers" has earned the prestigious Accolade Global Film Competition Award for November 2018.
Valera also volunteers his time a pilot, Field Director and Media Relations for Aerobridge.org. A non-profit association consisting of general aviation pilots that deliver specifically needed immediate supplies to areas devastated by natural disasters.
References
https://www.news-press.com/videos/news/local/2018/11/30/charley-valeras-my-fathers-war-tells-stories-wwii-soldiers/2161822002/ Video of Valera from The News-Press taken at SW Florida Military Museum and Library, Cape Coral, FL.
https://www.wellsvilledaily.com/videos/embed/2161822002/?placement=mobileweb-amp&cst=news&series=news&keywords=
https://www.wpri.com/rhode-show/my-fathers-war/amp/
1957 births
Living people
War writers
21st-century American writers |
Kobé () is one of three departments in Wadi Fira, a region of Chad. Its capital is Iriba.
See also
Departments of Chad
References
Departments of Chad |
Zuran Tal-e Zivdar (, also Romanized as Zūrān Tal-e Zīvdār) is a village in Afrineh Rural District, Mamulan District, Pol-e Dokhtar County, Lorestan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 460, in 99 families.
References
Populated places in Pol-e Dokhtar County |
Propidium iodide (or PI) is a fluorescent intercalating agent that can be used to stain cells and nucleic acids. PI binds to DNA by intercalating between the bases with little or no sequence preference. When in an aqueous solution, PI has a fluorescent excitation maximum of 493 nm (blue-green), and an emission maximum of 636 nm (red). After binding DNA, the quantum yield of PI is enhanced 20-30 fold, and the excitation/emission maximum of PI is shifted to 535 nm (green) / 617 nm (orange-red). Propidium iodide is used as a DNA stain in flow cytometry to evaluate cell viability or DNA content in cell cycle analysis, or in microscopy to visualize the nucleus and other DNA-containing organelles. Propidium Iodide is not membrane-permeable, making it useful to differentiate necrotic, apoptotic and healthy cells based on membrane integrity. PI also binds to RNA, necessitating treatment with nucleases to distinguish between RNA and DNA staining. PI is widely used in fluorescence staining and visualization of the plant cell wall.
See also
Viability assay
Vital stain
SYBR Green I
Ethidium bromide
References
Flow cytometry
DNA-binding substances
Iodides
Phenanthridine dyes
Staining dyes |
The Loagan Bunut National Park () is a national park located in Miri Division, Sarawak, Malaysia, on the Borneo island. The park was named after the Loagan Bunut lake nearby, which is connected to Sungai Bunut (sungai is Malay for river), Sungai Baram and Sungai Tinjar. This park occupies a space of and is well known for its rich biodiversity and unique aquatic ecosystem.
The national park was gazetted on January 1, 1990 and it was opened to public on August 29, 1991.
See also
List of national parks of Malaysia
References
1990 establishments in Malaysia
Miri Division
National parks of Sarawak
Borneo lowland rain forests
Borneo peat swamp forests |
Sakharny (; masculine), Sakharnaya (; feminine), or Sakharnoye (; neuter) is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
Sakharny, Republic of Khakassia, a settlement in Sapogovsky Selsoviet of Ust-Abakansky District in the Republic of Khakassia
Sakharny, Volgograd Oblast, a khutor under the administrative jurisdiction of the Town of District Significance of Krasnoslobodsk in Sredneakhtubinsky District of Volgograd Oblast
Sakharnoye, a village in Zachulymsky Selsoviet of Birilyussky District in Krasnoyarsk Krai |
Nordic folk music includes a number of traditions of Nordic countries, especially Scandinavian. The Nordic countries are Iceland, Norway, Sweden, Denmark and Finland.
The many regions of the Nordic countries share certain traditions, many of which have diverged significantly. It is possible to group together Finland, Estonia, Latvia and northwest Russia as sharing cultural similarities, contrasted with Norway, Sweden, Denmark and the Atlantic islands of Iceland and the Faroe Islands. Greenland's Inuit culture has its own musical traditions, influenced by Scandinavian culture. Finland shares many cultural similarities with both Baltics and the Scandinavian nations. The Saami of Sweden, Norway, Finland and Russia have their own unique culture, with ties to the neighboring cultures.
Scandinavian music
The dulcimer and fiddle are the two most characteristic instruments found throughout Scandinavia. In Norway, the eight- or nine-stringed hardanger fiddle is also found. Gammaldans are a kind of dance song played by harmonica and accordion, popular in both Sweden and Norway in the late 19th and early 20th century.
Circle dancing while singing ballads is a historic part of the folk traditions of all of northern Europe. Only the Faroe Islands have maintained this tradition to the present day, though it has been revived in some other areas. Iceland is home to many ancient musical practices no longer found elsewhere in the Nordic area, such as the use of parallel fifths and organum.
Greenland's Inuit population has their own musical traditions, which have been melded with elements of Nordic music, such as the kalattuut style of Greenlandic polka.
Finland was long ruled by Sweden, so much of Finnish culture is influenced by Swedish. There are a number of Swedes living in Finland, and vice versa. These communities have produced traditional and neo-folk musicians like the Swedish-Finn Scea Jansson and Gjallarhorn, and the Finnish-Swedish Norrlåtar and JP Nyströms.
Baltic psalteries are a family of related plucked box zithers played throughout Finland (kantele), the Baltic states (kannel in Estonia, kanklės in Lithuania and kokles in Latvia respectively) and northwest Russia (krylovidnye gusli). A bowed lyre (Swedish tagelharpa, Estonian talharpa or hiiurootsi kannel, Finnish jouhikko or jouhikantele) was formerly played among Swedes living in Estonia, but usage declined until a recent revival. In the 19th century, all the Baltic states saw an influx of foreign instruments and styles, resulting in fusions like the zither kokles and German-influenced ziņģe singing style of Latvia.
Sami music
The Sami are found in Norway, Sweden, Finland and the northwest corner of Russia. The only traditional Sami instruments are drums and the flute, though modern bands use a variety of instrumentation. Joiks, unrhymed works without definite structure, are the most characteristic kind of song.
Balto-Finnic music
Balto-Finnic music is a category of music of Balto-Finnic people, that overlaps with both Nordic folk music of Nordic countries and Baltic folk music of Baltic states.
Finland's musical ties are primarily to the Balto-Finnic peoples of Russia and Estonia (Cronshaw, 91). Runolaulu (runo-song) is a kind of song found throughout this area. Estonia and Finland both have national epics based on interconnected forms of runo-song, Kalevipoeg and Kalevala, respectively. "Estonian runo-song has the same basic form as the Finnish variety to which it is related: the line has eight beats, the melody rarely spans more than the first five notes of a diatonic scale and its short phrases tend to use descending patterns" (Cronshaw, 16).
Contemporary Applications
In recent times Nordic folk music is used in developing the background score for movies, TV shows and games. Popular TV shows like Game of Thrones and games like God of War have used Nordic folk music to give a mythic experience.
See also
Neofolk
Nordic popular music
References
Nettl, Bruno. Folk and Traditional Music of the Western Continents. 1965. Prentice-Hall. Eaglewood Cliffs, New Jersey.
Broughton, Simon and Mark Ellingham with James McConnachie and Orla Duane (Ed.), World Music, Vol. 1: Africa, Europe and the Middle East. Rough Guides Ltd, Penguin Books. , The Book of Music and Nature: An Anthology of Sounds, Words, Thoughts (Music Culture)
Further reading
+ |
The royal ground snake (Erythrolamprus reginae) is a species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to northern South America.
Geographic range
It is found in Venezuela, Peru, and Trinidad and Tobago.
Diet
It feeds on frogs, frog eggs, tadpoles, fish, small birds, and lizards.
References
Further reading
Amaral A (1936). "Colecta herpetologica no centro do Brasil ". Mem. Inst. Butantan 9: 235–246. (Leimadophis reginae macrosoma, new subspecies, p. 238). (in Portuguese).
Linnaeus C (1758). Systema naturæ per regna tria naturæ, secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Tomus I. Editio Decima, Reformata. Stockholm: L. Salvius. 824 pp. (Coluber reginæ, new species, p. 219). (in Latin).
Roze JA (1959). "Taxonomic Notes on a Collection of Venezuelan Reptiles in the American Museum of Natural History". American Museum Novitates (1934): 1–14. ("Leimadophis zweifeli, new species", pp. 4–7 + Figure 1, photograph of holotype, on p. 6).
Wagler J (1824). In: Spix J (1824). Serpentum Brasiliensum species novae ou histoire naturelle des espèces nouvelles de serpens, recueillies et observées pendant le voyage dans l'intérieur du Brésil dans les années 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, exécuté par ordre de sa Majesté le Roi de Baviére. Munich: F.S. Hübschmann. viii + 75 pp. + Plates I.- XXVI. (Natrix semilineata, new species, p. 33-34 + Plate XI., Figure 2). (in Latin and French).
Erythrolamprus
Snakes of South America
Reptiles of Venezuela
Reptiles of Trinidad and Tobago
Reptiles described in 1758
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus |
Saint-Nicolas-du-Bosc is a former commune in the Eure department in Normandy in northern France. On 1 January 2016, it was merged into the new commune of Le Bosc-du-Theil.
Population
See also
Communes of the Eure department
References
Former communes of Eure |
XMV may refer to:
Malagasy language (ISO 639 language code xmv)
Vox Novus XMV (eXperimental Music Video), a single-night music video festival in New York City hosted by Vox Novus
iShares MSCI Canada Minimum Volatility Index (stock ticker XMV), an ETF from Blackrock; see List of Canadian exchange-traded funds
See also
XM 5 (disambiguation) |
Jeff Clemens (born September 8, 1970, in Detroit, Michigan) is a Democratic politician from Florida. He represented parts of Palm Beach County in the Florida Senate from 2012 until his resignation in 2017, after acknowledging an affair with a lobbyist. He previously served one term in the Florida House of Representatives, representing the 89th district from 2010 to 2012.
History
Clemens was born in Detroit, Michigan, and attended Michigan State University, from which he graduated in 1992 with a degree in journalism. He moved to Florida in 1997 and worked as a planner for the Florida Institute of Public Health, a reporter for the Naples Daily News, an aide to State Representative Mary Brandenburg, and as the Chairman of the Lake Worth Community Redevelopment Agency.
In 2007, Clemens ran for Mayor of Lake Worth, challenging incumbent Mayor Marc Drautz in a crowded field that included Mary Lindsey, John Jordan, William D. Coakley, and Andrew Procyk. He won 48% of the vote to Drautz's 41% in the election on March 13, but because he did not win a majority, he had to run against Drautz in a runoff election held on March 27. Clemens campaigned as the most experienced candidate and condemned the negative advertisements against him funded by "outside interests," noting, "Usually an incumbent spends his time talking about the positive things he has accomplished, but in the absence of accomplishments the only recourse is to use negative attacks." Ultimately, Clemens narrowly defeated Drautz by 149 votes, winning 52% of the vote to Drautz's 48%.
Florida House of Representatives
In 2010, following the inability of incumbent State Representative Bradenburg to seek re-election, Clemens ran to succeed her in the 89th District, which stretched from Greenacres to West Palm Beach and Hypoluxo in eastern Palm Beach County. In the Democratic primary, he defeated Brandenburg's husband, Peter Brandenburg, winning 60% of the vote. Advancing to the general election, Clemens faced Steven Rosenblum, the Republican nominee and a former pharmacy manager. He campaigned on his support for increasing funding for education, declaring that the state's low level of spending per student is a "source of embarrassment for every Floridian," and on opposition to offshore drilling, noting, "It's not just an environmental issue. It's an economic one. Florida's economy is largely based on tourism." Ultimately, Clemens defeated Rosenblum in a landslide, winning his first term in the legislature with 60% of the vote.
Florida Senate
Following the reconfiguration of Florida Senate districts in 2012, Clemens was drawn into the 27th District. In the Democratic primary, he faced fellow State Representative Mack Bernard. Clemens won the endorsement of labor unions AFL-CIO and SEIU, while Bernard received the endorsement of the Florida Chamber of Commerce. In the end, Clemens was able to narrowly defeat Bernard by only seventeen votes in the primary election. Bernard held out hope, however, that Clemens's victory would be overturned and filed a lawsuit to have forty absentee ballots counted. A judge in Tallahassee ruled against Bernard but allowed nine provisional ballots to be counted, which would not have been enough to allow Bernard to emerge victorious In the general election, Clemens remained on the ballot as the Democratic nominee, and was elected unopposed.
During the 2014 legislative session, Clemens introduced legislation that "regulates the cultivation, manufacturing, distribution, prescribing, and retail sale of marijuana for medical purposes," which he has introduced in every legislative session he has been a part of since he was elected to the legislature, though no action has been taken on it yet. Additionally, he worked with Republican State Senator Jeff Brandes to co-author legislation that would allow the Florida Department of Transportation to raise the speed limit to 75 miles per hour on certain state highways, though Governor Rick Scott vetoed the legislation following opposition from law enforcement officials and the American Automobile Association.
Clemens' district was reconfigured and renumbered after court-ordered redistricting in 2016. The redrawn district encompassed Lake Worth, Boynton Beach, Delray Beach, Lantana, Lake Clarke Shores, and Greenacres.
Resignation
On October 27, 2017, Clemens resigned from the Senate after admitting to an extramarital affair with a lobbyist. The affair became public a day before.
External links
Florida State Senate - Jeff Clemens
Florida House of Representatives - Jeff Clemens
Jeff Clemens for Florida State Senate campaign website
References
Democratic Party Florida state senators
Democratic Party members of the Florida House of Representatives
1970 births
Living people
21st-century American politicians |
The United States Telephone Herald Company, founded in 1909, was the parent corporation for a number of associated "telephone newspaper" companies, located throughout the United States, that were organized to provide news and entertainment over telephone lines to subscribing homes and businesses. This was the most ambitious attempt to develop a distributed audio service prior to the rise of radio broadcasting in the early 1920s.
At least a dozen associate companies were chartered, but despite initial optimism and ambitious goals, only two systems ever went into commercial operation — one based in Newark, New Jersey (New Jersey Telephone Herald, 1911-1912) and the other in Portland, Oregon (Oregon Telephone Herald, 1912-1913). Moreover, both of these systems were shut down after operating for only a short time, due to economic and technical issues.
Corporation activity peaked in 1913, but the lack of success caused the company to suspend operations, and the corporation charter for the United States Telephone Herald Company was repealed in early 1918.
Company history
The United States Telephone Herald Company was an authorized offshoot of the Telefon Hírmondó audio service of Budapest, Hungary. The Telefon Hírmondó programming, transmitted to subscribers over telephone wires, consisted of an extensive selection of news during the day, followed by instruction and entertainment during the evening. This "news-teller" service began operation in February 1893, shortly before the death of its inventor, Tivadar Puskás.
Following a visit to Hungary, Cornelius Balassa procured the U.S. patent rights to the Telefon Hírmondó technology. (Later reports state that the company also held the rights for Canada and Great Britain. Another group obtained the rights for Italy, where in 1910 they established the service under the name Araldo Telefonico). The formation of a parent U.S. company, initially operating under a New York state charter as the "Telephone Newspaper Company of America", was announced in October 1909, with organizing directors Manley M. Gillam (president), William H. Alexander (secretary and treasurer), and Cornelius Balassa, all of New York City. In March 1910, the parent company was reorganized as the "United States Telephone Herald Company", now operating as a Delaware-chartered corporation.
An initial demonstration transmission was given at the company headquarters, located at 110 West Thirty-fourth Street in New York City, in early September 1910. The equipment used was similar to that which was employed in Budapest. As in Hungary, announcers were called "stentors", and because vacuum tube technology had not been developed yet, there were limited methods for amplification, so to compensate the stentors had to speak as loudly as possible into oversized dual-microphones. The lack of amplification also meant that subscribers needed to listen through headphones instead of loudspeakers. On February 14, 1911 , describing "a telephone system... adapted for supplying innumerable subscribers... general news, musical compositions, and operas, sermons, correct or standard time and other happenings at stated intervals of day and night" was granted to Árpád Németh, and assigned to the company.
Regionally-based Telephone Herald affiliates were authorized for the purpose of creating local "telephone newspaper" systems, with "the parent company to receive a royalty on every instrument installed". But ultimately the parent company and its affiliates proved financially unsuccessful, and the United States Telephone Herald Company began winding down operations. Its Delaware business charter was repealed on January 28, 1918, for failure to pay state corporate taxes for two years.
Telephone Herald associate companies
At least twelve Telephone Herald associate companies were formed, although in only two cases was a telephone newspaper service successfully launched: the New Jersey Telephone Herald (1911-1912) and the Oregon Telephone Herald (1912-1913). (In some cases the service was also referred to as the "telectrophone".)
Each associate company was established by local owners operating under a state-granted business charter. Publicity for these services commonly stated that the telephone newspaper subscriptions would cost 5 cents a day. (For comparison, at this time a copy of the daily Oregonian newspaper in Portland also cost 5 cents.) However, a majority of the associate companies got no further than the promotion or demonstration stages.
In addition to twelve known associate companies, early company publicity stated that installations would also be set up in Chicago, Scranton, Pennsylvania and Montreal, Canada, but systems do not appear to have been established at any of these locations. Also, a December 15, 1912 advertisement for the Central California Telephone Herald listed associate Telephone Herald companies with company names located at New York, Chicago, New Orleans, Seattle-Tacoma, Columbia (British Columbia and Alberta, Canada), Los Angeles and Oakland, but there is no information for these either.
Associate companies that launched telephone newspapers
New Jersey Telephone Herald Co. (Newark)
Of the two Telephone Herald affiliates which launched commercial services, the New Jersey Telephone Herald was both the first and most publicized. The company had been incorporated in October 1910 in the state of New Jersey by Eugene Gorenflo, Duncan McIsaac and Nicholas J. Surgess.
The original plan was to begin operations in March 1911, however, the New York Telephone Company, which operated the Newark telephone system franchise, initially refused to lease telephone lines to the Telephone Herald, on the grounds that their charter did not permit it. It required a ruling by the Public Utility Commission to compel the telephone company to provide the needed wires. The hiring process for the stentors, who worked as the news readers, was competitive and rigorous. According to one of the original stentors, the position was restricted to "college men" with strong voices and extensive vocabularies. Throughout the day four stentors announced during rotating shifts of 15 minutes each, and did staff work when they were not announcing.
An ambitious daily service, closely patterned after the Telefon Hírmondó, was launched in October 1911, transmitting to fifty receivers located in a department store waiting room plus five hundred Newark homes. The company's central offices, studio, and switch rooms were located in the Essex Building on Clinton Street in Newark. Condit S. Atkinson, who had extensive newspaper experience, headed the service's news department.
The company reported that there were many persons eager to sign up with the innovative service, and it soon had more potential subscribers than could be supported. One young listener later remembered that "it was a great thrill to pick up the small receiver and hear a voice telling about world events", moreover, "It was such a novelty that I could scarcely wait to get home from school and listen to it. It fascinated me. I would listen as long as it was operative, or until I was called to do my homework." One of the program features was a series of original "Trippertrot" stories, written by local children's author Howard R. Garis, which were later assembled into two book collections: Three Little Trippertrots and Three Little Trippertrots on Their Travels, published in 1912.
Despite the enthusiastic response, the company soon ran into serious technical and financial difficulties. Due to a revenue crisis, which resulted in employees walking off the job due to missed paychecks, the service was suspended in late February 1912. A replenishment of funding resulted in a temporary revival in late May, with the primary company officials now consisting of Percy Pyne (president), William E. Gunn (vice-president and general manager), and C. E. Danforth (secretary-treasurer), with C. S. Atkinson renewing his editor functions. The service, now calling itself the "telectrophone", was relaunched in November, however, this would only be a temporary respite, and the telephone newspaper transmissions shut down for good at the end of the year.
A later review suggested that the primary issue was technical, as the twisted pair phone lines used for the Newark operation had different electrical characteristics than the wiring used by the original Telefon Hírmondó plant. Following the permanent suspension of services, the New Jersey Telephone Herald's business charter was declared null and void on January 18, 1916.
Oregon Telephone Herald Co. (Portland)
Although less well known than the New Jersey affiliate, the second Telephone Herald company to implement an ongoing telephone newspaper service was the Oregon Telephone Herald Company. But like its predecessor, it also soon faced financial difficulties and was short-lived. The company was incorporated in Oregon, and headquartered at 506 Royal Building (Seventh and Morrison) in Portland. Extensive demonstrations were begun in May 1912, and advertisements the next month said commercial service would start "around October 1st".
A January 1913 solicitation for home subscribers for "The Talking Newspaper and Amusement Purveyor" listed the hours of operation as 8:00 AM to midnight. Later advertisements referred to the service as the "Te-Lec-Tro-Phone", and in April saw the introduction of the reporting of local Portland Beavers baseball games. (In December, a Northwestern League representative complained that the service had hurt attendance, and supported "the ousting of the various telephone herald and signalling systems from the ball parks"). A promotion the following month offered the chance to hear election results for free at twenty-five business sites. In May, the Portland Hotel advertised that diners could listen to "the latest baseball, business and other news by Telephone-Herald" with their meals.
There appears to have been a company reorganization in early 1913, and in March two representatives from the parent company, including chief electrical engineer Árpád Németh, were reported in town to give technical advice. But as with its New Jersey predecessor, the Portland enterprise was in trouble. During the summer, Oregon Corporation Commissioner R. A. Watson stepped in, and, under provisions of the state's "Blue Sky Law", barred the Oregon Telephone Herald from doing business, stating that "There was no question about the honesty of this concern, but the scheme isn't practical, and while it might be popular for a short time it would be a failure in the end; therefore, we refused them a permit to sell stock."
The final advertisements for the company appeared in June 1913, and the state corporation charter was terminated on January 16, 1917, for failure to file statements or pay fees for two years.
Other associate companies
None of the other ten Telephone Herald associate companies launched their proposed telephone newspaper systems, although there were widely varying levels of plans and activities.
Boston Telephone Herald Syndicate, Inc.
Incorporated in Massachusetts on April 23, 1913, by Ladislaus de Doory (president), John M. Grosvenor, Jr. (treasurer), and Jesse W. Morton. De Doory was also a promoter with the parent company. However, the syndicate does not appear to have made any demonstrations or other significant development, and its business charter was dissolved on February 21, 1916.
California Telephone Herald Co. (San Francisco)
This was the first of two companies that were headquartered in San Francisco, California. The company received a California business charter in February 1911, issued to G. S. Holbrook, W. A. Whelan, W. B. Heckmann, A. H. Vorrath, R. M. Graham, R. Boreman, William T. Newverth, A. C. Gould and A. Jacoby.
Demonstrations were conducted in September 1911 at 821, 822, 823 Head Building, but no further progress appears to have been made, and the company charter was declared forfeited and repealed for non-payment of taxes in February 1915.
Central California Telephone Herald Co. (Sacramento)
Incorporated in California in February 1912 by C. J. Ward, F. W. Bresse and S. H. Whisner. Demonstrations were begun on April 1, 1912 from 4th Floor of the Elks' Building. In late 1913, provisions were made to lease a local theater, the Diepenbrock, to serve as a source for programming. However, there was an abrupt change of plans, and instead the owners decided to merge their operations with the Pacific Telephone Herald Company. The telephone newspaper service never became operational, either before or after the Pacific Telephone Herald merger. The company's charter was declared forfeited and repealed for non-payment of taxes in February 1915.
Massachusetts Telephone Herald Co.
This company was chartered in Delaware in August 1912 by R. R. Cooling, C. J. Jacobs and H. W. Davis of Wilmington, Delaware. There is no additional information, other than the fact that its corporation charter was repealed on January 24, 1916.
Pacific Telephone Herald Co. (Oakland, California)
The company was incorporated in California. Demonstrations were made at H. C. Capwell Company's Store beginning in February 1913 which lasted through at least April. The original corporate offices were at 303-304-305 Union Savings Bank Building in Oakland. A later incorporation, by C. F. Homer (president), Charles Smith (treasurer) and B. F. Hews (editor), at 1751 Franklin Street, was reported in the fall of 1913.
The company's secretary-treasurer, J. Whited died in September 1913, and the company president, William Angus, was killed in a mining accident in October 1914. In addition, the Pacific Telephone and Telegraph Company initially refused to lease telephone lines to the company, resulting in a complaint filed before the Railroad Commission of the State of California. This case was dismissed on November 5, 1913 after the two sides reached a settlement.
In November 1913, a major expansion was announced, with the purchase from the parent company of the rights to operate in twenty-one western U.S. states and "the greater part of southwestern Canada", and the next month saw a merger with the Central California Telephone Herald Company of Sacramento. But despite the ambitious expansion plans, it does not appear that any regular service was ever established, and the state business charter was forfeited on March 4, 1916 for failure to pay the state license tax.
Pennsylvania Telephone Herald Co. (Philadelphia)
Incorporated in the state of Delaware on December 30, 1911 by Frank Vernon, Ivor B. Blaiberg, and Albert D. Miller. (Also reported as E. B. Waples, W. W. Day and F. R. Janvier). Although there was a limited amount of corporate activity reported in 1912-1913, nothing of significance appears to have resulted. The corporation charter was repealed on January 25, 1917 for two years taxes unpaid.
San Diego Telephone Herald Co.
Incorporated in California in August 1911 by H. A. Schmidt (president), M. N. Schmidt and G. Stephens. The principals were inspired by the reported success of the concept in San Francisco, and promotional advertisements were run in the fall of 1911, but the enterprise never began operations, and the state charter was forfeited on November 30, 1912.
San Francisco Telephone Herald Co.
This was second San Francisco-based Telephone Herald company, following the earlier California Telephone Herald Company. It was incorporated in the state of California on October 29, 1912, with founding the directors of W. H. Dohrmann, J. F. Dohrmann, A. J. Beecher, F. W. Beecher, Thomas R. White, C. E. Youngblood, Rudolph Schlueten, Clarence Eppstein and E. L. Manner.
Demonstrations were given at 687 Market Street in early January 1913, but no further progress appears to have been made. The corporation charter was forfeited November 30, 1913, for failure to pay the state license tax.
Southern California Telephone Herald Co. (Los Angeles)
One of the first associate companies to be formed, this was also, due to fraud, one of the first to fail. It was chartered in California in May 1911, led by Peter Archbold Gordon Grimes, who turned out to be a con man. Grimes soon ran off with company funds, and was next seen impersonating an aviator in Hawaii. The corporation charter was forfeited on November 30, 1911 for failure to pay its state license tax.
Washington Telephone Herald Co. (Seattle)
This affiliate, capitalized with $500,000 of common stock, was chartered in the state of Washington in June, 1911. The officers were Sherwood Gillespy, president; B. J. Klarman, vice president; and N. R. Solner, secretary and treasurer. It was also announced that demonstrations were being conducted at the company headquarters at 339-340-341 Henry building. The company soon faced financial difficulties, and in October was forced into receivership due to a salary dispute. The company charter was cancelled sometime during the biennial reporting period of October 1, 1912 to September 30, 1914, for failure to pay the annual state license fee.
Legacy
There were a few other early attempts to set up telephone-based news and entertainment systems in the United States, including the Tellevent, which conducted demonstrations and experimental work in Michigan from 1906-1908, and the Automatic Electric Company's Musolaphone, which operated a short-lived entertainment system in Chicago in 1913. However, these efforts were no more successful than the Telephone Herald companies.
Both the Hungarian Telefon Hírmondó and the Italian Araldo Telefonico survived long enough for their operations to be combined with radio broadcasting in the 1920s. The same did not occur in the United States, and the Telephone Herald companies were the last early effort to offer nationwide audio programming over telephone lines. Although the concept of home audio entertainment was attractive to potential U.S. subscribers, the lack of signal amplification and other technical limitations, such as the need to maintain a telephone line infrastructure, and having to listen over headphones, made the technology unprofitable.
Less than a decade after the failure of the Telephone Herald companies, radio broadcasting was developed, which had the significant advantage that it could dispense with the need to use telephone lines. Moreover, radio programming could be provided free of subscription fees, because selling airtime to advertisers, the financing method most commonly adopted in the United States, provided sufficient revenue for ongoing operations.
References
Telephone newspapers
Information by telephone
Telecommunications systems
Telephony
Defunct companies based in New York City
Mass media companies established in 1909
Mass media companies disestablished in 1918
Holding companies established in 1909
1909 establishments in New York (state)
1918 disestablishments in New York (state)
Holding companies disestablished in 1918 |
Vice-Admiral Sir William Berkeley (1639 – 1 June 1666) was a Royal Navy officer who saw service during the Second Anglo-Dutch War, rising to the rank of vice-admiral.
Berkeley was born into a noble family, one of the younger sons of a courtier of King Charles II, and a younger brother of one of the King's favourites. He joined the Royal Navy and enjoyed a meteoric rise owing to these important sources of patronage, something he himself acknowledged. After service in the Mediterranean, and time spent commanding his own ships, he was advanced to flag rank and joined the Royal fleets assembling for battle during the Second Anglo-Dutch War. He was a junior flag officer at the Battle of Lowestoft in 1665, during which his brother was killed. Caustic comments were made about his conduct, including by the poet and satirist Andrew Marvell.
Determined to answer his critics, Berkeley, by now promoted to vice-admiral and leading the van at the Four Days' Battle, took his ship into the thick of the fighting, and was surrounded by Dutch ships. Cut off from support he fought fiercely, but his ship was overwhelmed and captured, with Berkeley being killed in the action. His body was taken to the Netherlands and embalmed, before being returned to England and interred in Westminster Abbey. Accusations of cowardice pursued him even after his death, but later biographies have been more sympathetic.
Family and early life
Berkeley was born in 1639, the third son of Charles Berkeley, and his wife Penelope Godolphin. Charles Berkeley was the treasurer of the household to King Charles II, and had powerful political connections which would ensure the rapid rise of his sons to positions of prominence. William's elder brother, Charles, was also a prominent courtier, who used his influence to promote William's rise. William entered the navy, becoming lieutenant of on 4 April 1661 and serving aboard her until April 1662. He benefited from his relationship to his brother, one of the closest friends of King Charles II and the Lord High Admiral, James, Duke of York. Rapid promotion followed, with Berkeley being appointed captain of that April. He served in command of her until August 1662, when he moved to , and later had the commands of and .
Berkeley attracted the support of another powerful patron in the form of Admiral Sir John Lawson, the commander of the Mediterranean Fleet during Berkeley's service there from 1661 to 1664. Berkeley had commanded Bristol in Sir John's squadron in an attempt to persuade the Dey of Algiers, Ismail Pasha, to stop attacking English ships. Berkeley's connections culminated in a knighthood on 12 October 1664 and his appointment as rear-admiral of the red squadron, during the Second Anglo-Dutch War.
Second Anglo-Dutch War
Berkeley raised his flag aboard his old ship, HMS Swiftsure, and joined the fleet assembling for the 1665 campaign. He saw action at the Battle of Lowestoft on 3 June 1665 as one of the junior flag officers. Reports of his actions during the battle were confused and contradictory, some accounts suggesting that he had taken a squadron of six ships and pursued nine Dutch vessels, others stating that he had abandoned the fight after the death of his brother, Charles. Poet Andrew Marvell added a critical verse suggesting the latter view was correct in his 1666 poem 'The Second Advice to a Painter': Berkeley had heard it soon, and thought not goodTo venture more of royal Harding's blood …With his whole squadron straight away he bore,And, like good boy, promised to fight no more.
Berkeley was supported by the Duke of York, who appointed him Vice-admiral of the White, and William succeeded his dead brother as lieutenant-governor of Portsmouth later in 1665. Public scepticism over his actions persisted, however, with Samuel Pepys commenting that "it is strange to see how people do already slight Sir Wm. Berkeley ... who three months since was the delight of the Court". Berkeley's reputation was further tarnished when he was implicated in the irregular plundering of prize goods from captured Dutch merchantmen, and accused of having abandoned an action with the Dutch ship Luipaard in discreditable circumstances on 21 August 1665.
Death
With his conduct called into question, Berkeley resolved to answer his critics by distinguishing himself in the 1666 campaign. He had by now been appointed vice-admiral of the blue and been given command of the van of the English fleet which sailed to engage the Dutch at the Four Days' Battle. Flying his flag in Swiftsure again, he led the van of the fleet on the first day of the battle, 1 June 1666. He outran his squadron, sailed into the midst of the Dutch fleet and was surrounded by enemy ships. After a fierce battle he was killed and Swiftsure captured. He was reported as having fought to the end, until when almost alone on the quarter-deck, he was hit by a musket-ball in the throat. He staggered into the captain's cabin and was found by the Dutch lying dead on the table.
His body was carried to Zeeland and embalmed by Frederik Ruysch, before being placed on public display, in a large sugar chest, in the Grote Kerk in The Hague for a time. It was returned to England in August and interred in Westminster Abbey, where a monument to his memory was raised.
Legacy
Berkeley died unmarried, a proposal he had made to Sir John Lawson's daughter in 1665 having been rejected. Public opinion was that he had died gallantly, but Marvell presented an alternative viewpoint in 'The Third Advice to a Painter': And if the thing were true, yet paint it not,How Berkeley (as he long deserved) was shot,Though others that survey'd the corpse so clearSay he was only petrified with fear.
Berkeley's biographer, J. D. Davies, wrote after examining his letters that Berkeley appears as a 'lively, friendly young man, fully aware of his dependence on the patronage of others, supportive of and loving towards his family, and genuinely enthusiastic to make a success of his chosen career', quoting a letter from William to Charles Berkeley in June 1663: I must assure you I think there is no so beggarly a trade as this if people serve truly and honestly, as I am resolved I will do, although I am never worth six pence. All my hope is on my dearest brother's kindness.
Notes
a. Charles Berkeley was a courtier, not a naval officer, but had volunteered for service with the Royal fleet. He was killed by a cannon shot during the battle.
Citations
References
1639 births
1666 deaths
Royal Navy vice admirals
Royal Navy personnel of the Second Anglo-Dutch War
English military personnel killed in action
Younger sons of viscounts
William
Burials at Westminster Abbey
People who died at sea |
Zevenheuvelenloop (Seven Hills Run in English) is an annual 15 kilometres road running race held in Nijmegen, Netherlands. It was first organised in 1984 and has grown to be one of the largest road races in the Netherlands; it attracted over 30,000 runners in 2008.
History
The inaugural edition of the race in 1984 featured only an 11.9 kilometre course as the Dutch athletics federation (Koninklijke Nederlandse Atletiek Unie) would not allow new races to be longer than 12 km. The current undulating, hilly course begins in Nijmegen, follows a path to Groesbeek and then loops back towards Nijmegen to the finish line. Zevenheuvelenloop lends itself to fast times: Felix Limo broke the men's world record in 2001 and, at the 2009 edition, Tirunesh Dibaba broke the women's world record over 15 km. In 2010, Leonard Komon improved Limo's World Record by running 41:13. In 2018, Joshua Cheptegei won the Zevenheuvelenloop in 41:05, setting the current World Record for 15 km. In 2019, Letesenbet Gidey won the Zevenheuvelenloop in 44:20, setting the current World Record for 15 km.
A number of athletes have achieved victory at the Zevenheuvelenloop on multiple occasions; Tonnie Dirks, Tegla Loroupe, Mestawet Tufa, Sileshi Sihine and Haile Gebrselassie have each won the race three times, and Joshua Cheptegei has won the race four times. The 2002 winner, South African Irvette Van Blerk won the race at the age of fifteen, having entered the race while holidaying in the Netherlands. The race was used as the test event for the development of the ChampionChip personal RFID timing system.
Winners
Key:
Statistics
As of 7 October 2019
Winners by country
Multiple winners
bold italic = world record
References
General
Krol, Maarten & van Hemert, Wim (2008-11-17). Zevenheuvelenloop 15 km. Association of Road Racing Statisticians. Retrieved on 2009-11-15.
Specific
External links
Official website
15K runs
Recurring sporting events established in 1984
1984 establishments in the Netherlands
Athletics competitions in the Netherlands
Sports competitions in Gelderland
Sports competitions in Nijmegen
Sport in Berg en Dal (municipality) |
Evgeniya Alexandrovna Burtasova (née Pavlova, ; born 9 July 1993) is a Russian biathlete. She has competed in the Biathlon World Cup since 2018, and represented Russia at the Biathlon World Championships 2021.
Biathlon results
All results are sourced from the International Biathlon Union.
Olympic Games
World Championships
0 medals
References
External links
1993 births
Living people
Russian female biathletes
Sportspeople from Kemerovo Oblast
Universiade medalists in biathlon
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Russia
Universiade silver medalists for Russia
Competitors at the 2015 Winter Universiade
Biathletes at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Olympic biathletes for Russia |
River Falls is a town in Pierce County, Wisconsin, United States. The population was 2,304 at the 2000 census. The City of River Falls is located mostly within the town.
Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of 44.7 square miles (115.7 km2), all of it land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 2,304 people, 802 households, and 626 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 821 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 98.26% White, 0.30% Black or African American, 0.09% Native American, 0.22% Asian, 0.04% Pacific Islander, 0.52% from other races, and 0.56% from two or more races. 1.26% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race.
There were 802 households, out of which 40.9% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 69.1% were married couples living together, 4.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 21.9% were non-families. 14.5% of all households were made up of individuals, and 2.0% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.87 and the average family size was 3.20.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 28.6% under the age of 18, 8.4% from 18 to 24, 29.5% from 25 to 44, 27.3% from 45 to 64, and 6.2% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 37 years. For every 100 females, there were 103.0 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 105.0 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $65,721, and the median income for a family was $71,750. Males had a median income of $45,577 versus $26,328 for females. The per capita income for the town was $26,358. About 2.7% of families and 4.6% of the population were below the poverty line, including 5.0% of those under age 18 and none of those age 65 or over.
References
External links
Town of River Falls, Wisconsin
Towns in Pierce County, Wisconsin
Towns in Wisconsin |
Pierre Marie (9 September 1853 – 13 April 1940) was a French neurologist and political journalist close to the SFIO.
Medical career
After finishing medical school, he served as an interne (1878), working as an assistant to neurologist Jean-Martin Charcot (1825–1893) at the Salpêtrière and Bicêtre Hospitals in Paris. In 1883 he received his medical doctorate with a graduate thesis on Basedow’s disease, being promoted to médecin des hôpitaux several years later (1888). In 1907 he attained the chair of pathological anatomy at the Faculty of Medicine, and in 1917 was appointed to the chair of neurology, a position he held until 1925. In 1911 Marie became a member of the Académie de Médecine.
One of Marie's earlier contributions was a description of a disorder of the pituitary gland known as acromegaly. His analysis of the disease was an important contribution in the emerging field of endocrinology. Marie is also credited as the first to describe pulmonary hypertrophic osteoarthropathy, cleidocranial dysostosis and rhizomelic spondylosis. In his extensive research of aphasia, his views concerning language disorders sharply contrasted the generally accepted views of Paul Broca (1824–1880). In 1907, he was the first person to describe the speech production disorder of foreign accent syndrome.
Marie was the first general secretary of the Société Française de Neurologie, and with Édouard Brissaud (1852–1909), he was co-founder of the journal Revue neurologique. His name is associated with the eponymous Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, being named along with Jean-Martin Charcot and Howard Henry Tooth (1856–1925). This disease is characterized by gradual progressive loss of distal muscle tissue in the arms and feet. It is considered the most common disease within a group of conditions known as "hereditary motor and sensory neuropathies" (HMSN).
Among the doctors trained by Pierre Marie at the beginning of the 20th century account the Spanish neuropathologists Nicolás Achúcarro and Gonzalo Rodríguez Lafora, two distinguished disciples of Santiago Ramón y Cajal and members of the Spanish Neurological School.
Political career
From 1928, Marie left the medical academy to become a political journalist, first at physical-culturist magazine La Culture Physique, where Edmond Desbonnet served as his intellectual patron. His writings largely centred around his recommendations of exercise and fitness regimes, and his commentary on government sports and leisure policy.
In 1930, he turned to explicitly political writing as he moved to the Socialist Party's daily newspaper, Le Populaire. He became increasingly involved in the SFIO in the 1930s, gaining a reputation as the Party's foremost intellectual on matters of sports, leisure, and physical culture. His 1934 pamphlet, "Pour Le Sport Ouvrier", was adopted by the SFIO's Congress as official Party policy. This marked the first time the SFIO embraced physical culture explicitly. After the election of the French Popular Front in 1936, he worked in the ministerial cabinet of Léo Lagrange as a technical advisor, where he became a noted advocate of working-class sports and social hygiene within the French government. He is a rare figure to bridge the gap between French physical culturism and Socialism. After the fall of the Popular Front, Marie continued to write for Le Populaire.
Historians have disagreed about the date of Marie's death. While most medical sources place his death before Occupation, noted historian Pascal Ory recently uncovered traces of Marie's writing in collaborationist newspapers Le Rouge et Le Bleu in support of the Vichy regime until 1941. His collaborationism has led some historians to understand the influence of physical culture in the SFIO and the Vichy Regime as one path that led many Socialists - like Marie - to supporting Pétain.
Associated eponyms
"Marie's ataxia": an hereditary disease of the nervous system, with cerebellar ataxia.
"Marie-Foix-Alajouanine syndrome": cerebellar ataxia of the cerebellum in the elderly; usually due to alcohol abuse. Named along with neurologists Théophile Alajouanine (1890–1980) and Charles Foix (1882–1927).
"Marie's anarthria": inability to articulate words due to cerebral lesions.
"Marie–Strümpel Disease": also known as ankylosing spondylitis; a severe arthritic spinal deformity. Named along with German neurologist Adolph Strümpell (1853–1925). The disease is sometimes referred to as "Bekhterev Disease"; named after Russian neurophysiologist Vladimir Bekhterev (1857–1927).
"Marie-Léri syndrome": hand deformity caused by osteolysis of the articular surfaces of the fingers. Named with neurologist André Léri (1875–1930).
"Bamberger-Marie disease": also known as hypertrophic pulmonary osteoarthropathy. Named with Austrian internist Eugen von Bamberger (1858–1921).
Selected writings
Medical Writings:
Des formes frustes de la maladie de Basedow, doctoral thesis, Paris, 1883.
Sur deux cas d’acromégalie, 1886.
Sur une form particulière d'atrophie musculaire progressive; souvent familiale, débutant par les pieds et les jambes et atteignant tard les mains, With Jean Martin Charcot. 1886
"Essays on Acromegaly", with bibliography and appendix of cases by other authors. London, 1891.
Leçons sur les maladies de la moëlle épinière, Paris, 1892. English translation by M. Lubbock as "Lectures on Diseases of the Spinal Cord", London, 1895.
Sur l'hérédo-ataxie cérébelleuse, Semaine médicale, Paris, 1893, 13: 444.
L’évolution du langage considéré au point de vue de l’étude de l’Aphasie, 1897.
Dysostose cléido-crânienne héréditaire, with Paul Sainton (1868–1958); 1897.
Spondylose rhizomélique, 1898.
Neurologie, two volumes; 1923.
Political Writings:
Force et Santé Pour Tous, ou Le Triomphe de La Culture Physique (1928)
Pour La Santé du Sédentaire (1931)
Pour Le Sport Ouvrier (1934)
See also
A Clinical Lesson at the Salpêtrière
References
Bibliography
Pierre Marie @ Who Named It (biography)
French neurologists
1853 births
1940 deaths
Physicians from Paris
French endocrinologists
Ankylosing spondylitis
Journalists from Paris
Diseases named for discoverer |
Charles Henry Mohr (June 16, 1929 – June 17, 1989) was an American reporter for Time and The New York Times best known for his multi-year coverage of the Vietnam War.
Mohr was born in Loup City, Nebraska. He graduated from the University of Nebraska in 1951 and was a member of Phi Beta Kappa. He was a reporter for the Lincoln Star in 1950 and 1951. After three years with United Press in Chicago, he joined Time magazine in 1954. His assignments for Time included San Francisco, the White House, New Delhi, Hong Kong and Saigon.
During the Vietnam War his reports appraised the policies underlying the war: attempts at secret bombing, strategic and planning failures, the use of napalm on civilians, efforts to pacify the Vietnamese people, and corruption in South Vietnam's leadership. When Time magazine began to censor Mohr's reports from Vietnam, Mohr resigned from the magazine.
Mohr had a long history of heart problems complicated by diabetes. He suffered a fatal heart attack at his home in Chevy Chase, Maryland and died in Suburban Hospital on his sixtieth birthday.
References
American reporters and correspondents
1929 births
1989 deaths
People from Loup City, Nebraska
University of Nebraska alumni
Time (magazine) people
People from Chevy Chase, Maryland
20th-century American writers
20th-century American journalists
American male journalists |
Tavros, officially Tavros–Eleftherios Venizelos () is a station on Line 1 of the Athens Metro, 6.171 km from the line's southern terminus at Piraeus. It is located in the municipality of Tavros in the regional unit of South Athens, Attica, near the boundary with Kallithea. The station is also known as Tavros-Eleftherios Venizelou, after the former Prime Minister Eleftherios Venizelos.
History
The first proposals for a station were made in 1925, when engineer Alexander Verdelis demarcated the Harokopou station at almost the same location as part of his proposal to build a wider subway network for the capital. Construction of the plant began in 1988, and opened on 6 February 1989 at a cost of 200 million drachmas. The station was renovated in 2004 in the run-up to the Summer Olympics that year.
Facilities
It has a central island platform serving two tracks and a reversing siding towards Kallithea station.
Services
In the past the station was the southern terminus of a peak hour train service "Tavros-Ano Patissia", later extended as "Tavros-Irini".
References
External links
Railway stations in Greece opened in the 1980s
Railway stations opened in 1989
1989 establishments in Greece
Athens Metro stations
Buildings and structures in South Athens
Transport in South Athens
Moschato-Tavros |
The Glenmark Shale is a geologic formation in New York. It preserves fossils dating back to the Silurian period.
See also
List of fossiliferous stratigraphic units in New York
References
Silurian geology of New York (state) |
```ruby
# frozen_string_literal: true
module Decidim
module Conferences
# This type represents a conference.
class ConferenceSpeakerType < Decidim::Api::Types::BaseObject
description "A conference speaker"
field :id, GraphQL::Types::ID, "Internal ID of the speaker", null: false
field :full_name, GraphQL::Types::String, "Full name of the speaker", null: true
field :position, Decidim::Core::TranslatedFieldType, "Position of the speaker in the conference", null: true
field :affiliation, Decidim::Core::TranslatedFieldType, "Affiliation of the speaker", null: true
field :twitter_handle, GraphQL::Types::String, "X handle", null: true
field :short_bio, Decidim::Core::TranslatedFieldType, "Short biography of the speaker", null: true
field :personal_url, GraphQL::Types::String, "Personal URL of the speaker", null: true
field :avatar, GraphQL::Types::String, "Avatar of the speaker", null: true
field :user, Decidim::Core::UserType, "Decidim user corresponding to this speaker", null: true
field :created_at, Decidim::Core::DateTimeType, "The time this member was created ", null: true
field :updated_at, Decidim::Core::DateTimeType, "The time this member was updated", null: true
def avatar
object.attached_uploader(:avatar).url
end
end
end
end
``` |
The Explorer Belt is an award available to Rover Scouts in Irish Scouting. Over the last 43 years, over 2,000 Venture and Rover Scouts have gone on Explorer Belt Expeditions. Ireland's Explorer Belt is recognised as being one of the most challenging yet ultimately rewarding activities in Scouting. The Explorer Belt was traditionally linked to the Venture Scout Section but since the introduction of ONE Programme, and the standardisation of age ranges the Explorer Belt is now a Rover Scout event and participants must be over the age of 18. A similar award is available in other Scout associations around the world.
Location
Over the last 43 years locations have been widely varied.
The Locations for belts run by CBSI/CSI/SI-CSI are:
1980 - Normandy, France
1981 - No event
1982 - Vermont, New Hampshire, and New York, United States
1983 - Wales
1984 - Sweden (first female team and first team to get a second Belt)
1985 - No event
1986 - Scotland
1987 - Bavaria (Cancelled)
1988 - Italy and Wales (The Welsh event was a joint CBSI/SAI event)
1989 - Le Conquet, France
1990 - Denmark
1991 - Scotland
1992 - England
1993 - Wales
1994 - Scotland
1995 - Hungary
1996 - Wales
1997 - Slovenia
1998 - Belgium
1999 - Northern France
2000 - Brno, Czech Republic
2001 - Italy
2002 - Lithuania
2003 - Spain (intended to be Canada, changed due to SARS outbreak, nicknamed the "Spanada" Belt)
The Belts run (every second year) by SAI/SI-SAI are:
1986 - Iceland
1988 - Wales (The Welsh event was a joint CBSI/SAI event)
1990 - Northumberland
1992 - Scotland
1994 - no event run
1996 - Wales
1998 - Spain
2000 - France
2002 - Spain
Events run by Scouting Ireland are:
2004 - Germany
2005 - United States
2006 - Portugal
2007 - Poland
2008 - Croatia and Slovenia
2009 - Sweden and Denmark
2010 - Benelux Region
2011 - Austria and Czech Republic
2012 - Brittany, France
2013 - Basque Region, Spain
2014 - Slovakia and Hungary
2015 - Germany
2016 - Italy
2017 - Poland
2018 - Netherlands
2019 - Scandinavia (specifically Denmark and Sweden)
2020 - event cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic
2021 - Ireland (first Explorer Belt hosted in Ireland, due to travel restrictions imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic)
2022 - Portugal
2023 - Bavaria and Austria
Format
Rover Scouts, in teams of two, must travel a distance of at least 200 km on foot, and 100 km in public transport, over 10 days, completing various tasks along the way. These tasks include maintaining a log of the journey, consisting of a daily route, menu, budget and account of the day's activities. Each team must also complete a number of prescribed challenges, which encourage the participants to engage with the local populace and to learn about the local culture. In the past, participants also had to complete two self-chosen challenges in form of special interest badges, but this was phased out with the addition of the public transport requirement in 2019. Each team must find its own way back to a base camp where the expedition leaders are waiting for them. Teams are dropped off in an unknown location with just a map, the location of base camp and a small amount of money on which to survive - typically €3 per person, per day of the event.
Aims
The aim of the event is to test skills of communication, physical endurance and teamwork. Complete immersion in a foreign culture necessitates an ability to adapt to the norms of a different society with different customs and values, usually also a different language.
The Award
Not all participants are successfully awarded the Belt. When they reach base-camp participants spend a few days relaxing and recovering while the expedition leaders examine the log books the teams maintained while they were travelling. If a team has, to the satisfaction of the leaders, succeeded in achieving their aims and fulfilling their own potential they are awarded the belt at a presentation ceremony.
Since at least 2010 there are 3 tiers of award:
Certificate - Given to all who set out on the expedition
Certificate and Badge - Given to all participants who cover the minimum distance for the event
Certificate, Badge and Explorer Belt - Given to all participants who meet all criteria as marked out by the assessors prior to the expedition.
References
Scouting Ireland
Scout and Guide awards |
The leopard complex is a group of genetically related coat patterns in horses. These patterns range from progressive increases in interspersed white hair similar to graying or roan to distinctive, Dalmatian-like leopard spots on a white coat. Secondary characteristics associated with the leopard complex include a white sclera around the eye, striped hooves and mottled skin. The leopard complex gene is also linked to abnormalities in the eyes and vision. These patterns are most closely identified with the Appaloosa and Knabstrupper breeds, though its presence in breeds from Asia to western Europe has indicated that it is due to a very ancient mutation.
Leopard complex patterns
Coat patterns in the leopard complex range from being hardly distinguishable from an unaffected coat, to nearly pure white. Unlike most other spotting patterns, the spotting and especially the white regions associated with the leopard complex tend to be symmetrical and originate over the hips. Furthermore, a certain amount of this inherited white patterning is present at birth. The amount of white, even if none is present at birth, often grows throughout the horse's life by gradual "roaning" which is not related to graying or true roan. Colored spots reflect the underlying coat color, be it black, chestnut, gray, or silver dun-buckskin. A number of factors, each separately, genetically controlled, interact to produce familiar patterns such as "snowflake," "leopard," and "fewspot".
Leopard spotting
A single, incomplete dominant gene (Lp) controls the presence of leopard-spotting in horses. A dominant gene requires only a single copy to produce an affected phenotype; an incomplete dominant gene produces a different result depending on whether one or two copies are present. A horse's genotype may be lp/lp (homozygous recessive), Lp/lp (heterozygous), or Lp/Lp (homozygous dominant). Horses without a dominant Lp gene do not exhibit leopard-complex traits, and cannot produce offspring with the Lp gene unless it is contributed by the other parent. Such horses are termed "non-characteristic" among Appaloosa horse aficionados. Horses with at least one Lp gene possess, at the very least, leopard-complex "characteristics":
skin that is mottled, speckled or blotchy around the muzzle, eyes, genitals, and anus; the remainder of the body may be primarily pigmented (gray or black in the absence of other genes), primarily unpigmented (pink or flesh-colored), or mottled,
striped hooves,
white sclera.
The presence of regions of alternating pigmented and unpigmented skin may not definitively suggest the leopard gene. They may not be visible due to the effects of other genes. For example, extensive white markings on the face may mask the presence of mottling around the eyes and muzzle, and white markings on the legs often end in white hooves. Furthermore, other genes may produce similar conditions: white sclera are associated with broad white face markings, striped hooves with the Silver dapple gene, and freckled skin with the Champagne gene.
A DNA test can now identify the Lp gene, though a combination of pedigree knowledge and coat characteristics also help.
While both heterozygous and homozygous Lp horses possess the aforementioned characteristics, heterozygotes and homozygotes differ significantly in the presence of true spots. True leopard spots are produced only by the Lp gene, and directly reflect the underlying coat color (bay, black, gray, cremello, red dun, and so on). Since these spots match the coat color, they are not visible unless the surrounding pigment is removed. As a rule, heterozygous leopards have larger, more abundant spots, while homozygotes have smaller, scarcer spots.
White patterning
There is at least one genetically controlled type of white patterning that is strictly associated with the leopard complex. These white patterns permit the spots associated with the leopard complex to become visible. Other white patterns, such as tobiano or white leg markings, obscure leopard spots. A certain amount of leopard-associated white patterning may be present at birth. Temporal changes in the amount of white patterning are discussed below. Leopard-associated white patterning is usually symmetrical and originates over the hips. A proposed gene, PATN-1, may be responsible for the most familiar expressions of white: heterozygotes possessing common-size "blankets" and homozygotes possessing extensive "blankets" that may affect the entire coat. Even horses with extensive white usually retain dark colored regions just above the hooves, on the knees and hocks, stifles and elbows, hips and points of shoulder, the tail, mane, and the bony parts of the face. The smallest amount of white patterning is just a sprinkling of white over the hips.
Leopard-associated roaning
Just as there is white patterning specifically associated with the leopard complex, there is a type of progressive roaning that is unrelated to graying out or true roan. Horses with coat patterns within the leopard complex are known for their mystifying coat changes. This unusual characteristic is due at least in part to leopard roaning, also called "varnish roaning." While the gray gene only affects the hair, some horses with the Lp gene will progressively lose pigment in both the skin and hair as they age. Also unlike graying out, the leopard spots are not affected by this roaning process. Neither are the "bony prominences" strongly affected. As a varnish roan horse lightens, the leopard spots indistinguishable from the rest of the coat become visible. Some horses without any dense white patterning at birth seem to spontaneously develop into white, leopard-spotted horses with maturity. Varnishing is more common among Appaloosa horses, and less common among Norikers and Knabstruppers, whose breed associations find it undesirable.
Interactions and terminology
Like much of coat color genetics, commonly used terms do not necessarily correspond to precise genetic states. Nevertheless, terminology can reveal a lot about the genetic interactions surrounding the leopard complex.
Heterozygous Lp/lp horses with extensive white patterning at birth are white with large, self-colored spots. They are termed "leopard" if fully white, "near-leopard" if not. By the action of varnish roan, a near-leopard may in time become nearly indistinguishable from a full leopard.
Heterozygous Lp/lp horses with less white patterning are described by the size of their "blanket" and the presence of spots: spotted blanket over loin and hips, for example. Again, these horses may varnish with age.
Homozygous Lp/Lp horses with extensive white patterning at birth are white with tiny, sparse spots or none at all. In most languages, such foals are called "white-born" but the term familiar to most English speakers is "fewspot (leopard)."
Homozygous Lp/Lp horses with less than extensive white patterning at birth possess dense white blankets and are called "snowcap."
Heterozygous Lp/lp and homozygous Lp/Lp horses with only a tiny amount of white patterning may not possess enough white to reveal large or small spots. A sprinkling of white patterning over the hips is called a "snowflake" pattern. Such tiny blankets may varnish and grow.
Heterozygous Lp/lp horses and homozygous Lp/Lp horses, in the absence of dense white patterning, appear much the same. That is, unless they begin to varnish. As the coat becomes more and more white, spots may become visible. A homozygous Lp/Lp horse, with only tiny spots, may simply develop this unique roaning pattern and is called "frosted" or "marble." A heterozygote may eventually show conspicuous leopard spots.
Patterns
Base colors are overlain by various spotting patterns, which are variable and often do not fit neatly into a specific category. These patterns are described as follows:
The Lp gene
Although the spotting and roaning patterns that make up the leopard complex sometimes appear very different from each other, the ability of leopard-spotted horses to produce the full spectrum of patterns, from mottled skin to roaning to more leopard-spotted offspring, has long suggested that a single gene was responsible. This gene was termed Lp for "leopard complex" by Dr. D. Phillip Sponenberg in 1982, and was described as an autosomal, incomplete dominant gene. Horses without the gene (lplp) were solid-colored, those with two copies of the gene (homozygous or LpLp) were usually "fewspots", while those with a single copy of the gene (heterozygous or Lplp) ranged from mere mottled skin to full leopard.
In 2004, Lp was assigned to equine chromosome 1 (ECA1) by a team of researchers. Four years later, this team mapped the Lp gene to a transient receptor potential channel gene, TRPM1 or Melastatin 1 (MLSN1). The leopard complex allele contains a 1378 bp long terminal repeat insertion of retroviral DNA which disrupts transcription of TRMP1.
In 2011, a study identified the Lp allele in DNA samples collected from prehistoric horses. This finding represents evidence for the presence of leopard complex spotting in prehistoric wild horse populations. The ancient origin of the allele may explain the presence of spotted horse paintings in paleolithic cave art. It is thought that during the ice age the leopard pattern may have been helpful as camouflage against the snowy environment.
Vision issues
Congenital stationary night blindness is an ophthalmologic disorder in horses which is present at birth (congenital), non-progressive (stationary) and affects the animal's vision in conditions of low lighting. Horses with CSNB may be hesitant to enter dimly-lit places - such as indoor arenas, dark stalls, or trailers - and be apprehensive when in such conditions, which may interfere with handling or riding. CSNB is usually diagnosed based on the owner's observations, but some horses have visibly abnormal eyes: poorly aligned eyes (dorsomedial strabismus) or involuntary eye movement (nystagmus). The condition can be confirmed using electroretinography, from which a "negative ERG" indicates CSNB. While the retina is a normal shape, the nerve signal triggered when light reaches rod cells does not reach the brain. Rod cells in the retina are connected to bipolar cells, which transmit the nerve impulse to the next set of neurons. It is thought that these cells fail to undergo the basic chemical reaction for nerve impulse transmission, which involves shuttling of calcium (Ca2+).
Congenital stationary night blindness has been linked with the leopard complex since the 1970s. The presence of CSNB in non-leopard breeds and horses suggested that the two conditions might be located on close, but separate genes. However, one study used ERG findings to diagnose all the homozygous Lp subjects with CSNB, while all heterozygotes and non-Lp horses were free from the disorder. The gene to which Lp has now been localized encodes a protein that channels calcium ions, a key factor in the transmission of nerve impulses. This protein, which is found in the retina and the skin, existed in fractional percentages of the normal levels in homozygous Lp/Lp horses. A 2008 study theorizes that both CSNB and leopard complex spotting patterns are linked to the TRPM1 gene.
Equine Recurrent Uveitis (ERU) is also present in the breed. Appaloosas have an eightfold greater risk of developing Equine Recurrent Uveitis (ERU) than all other breeds combined. Up to 25% of all horses with ERU may be Appaloosas. Uveitis in horses has many causes, including eye trauma, disease, and bacterial, parasitic and viral infections, but ERU is characterized by recurring episodes of uveitis, rather than a single incident. If not treated, ERU can lead to blindness, which occurs more often in Appaloosas than in other breeds. Up to 80% of all uveitis cases are found in Appaloosas, with physical characteristics including light colored coat patterns, little pigment around the eyelids and sparse hair in the mane and tail denoting more at-risk individuals. Researchers may have identified a gene region containing an allele that makes the breed more susceptible to the disease.
Prevalence
The Appaloosa horse is the breed best known for the leopard complex patterns, though the complex also characterizes the Knabstrupper, as well as breeds related to the Appaloosa such as the Pony of the Americas and Colorado Ranger. The gene is also relatively common in the Falabella, the Noriker and the related South German Coldblood. The existence of leopard-spotted coats among Asian breeds such as the Karabair and Mongolian Altai has been recorded since ancient times, and suggests that the gene is very old. Leopard complex patterns may exist in low frequencies among some other breeds, depending on whether horses with leopard complex genetics existed in the foundation bloodstock for a given breed.
In cave art
The approximately 25,000-year-old paintings "Dappled Horses of Pech Merle" in a cave in France depict spotted horses with a leopard pattern. Archaeologists had debated over whether the artists were painting what they saw or whether the spotted horses had some symbolic meaning. However, a 2011 study of the DNA of ancient horses found that leopard complex was present, and therefore the cave painters most likely did see real spotted horses.
References
Horse coat colors |
El misterio de Huracán Ramírez (The Mystery of Hurricane Ramirez) is a 1962 black-and-white Mexican luchador film directed and co-written by Joselito Rodríguez. The film is a sequel to Rodríguez's 1952 film Huracán Ramírez, with David Silva reprising his role as Fernando Torres. Other returning cast members include Tonina Jackson, Carmelita González, Titina Romay and Freddy Fernández. Pepe Romay joins the cast as Fernando's son Pancho, and Daniel García makes his film début as Huracán Ramírez, replacing Spanish-born wrestler Eduardo Bonada, who would make only a cameo appearance.
Plot
The film continues the story of Fernando Torres, now seemingly retired from lucha libre, having sold his former identity to a rival luchador. The new Huracán has proved himself to be a savvy businessman, running his own wrestling arena. The lives of Huracán and the Torres family are soon threatened however, by a local gangster known as El Príncipe (Carlos Agosti), who will stop at nothing until he discovers the true identity of Huracán Ramírez.
Cast
David Silva as Fernando Torres: A retired wrestler who sold the Huracán Ramírez wrestling mask and character to someone else.
Daniel García was the man under the Huracán Ramírez mask in all of the action sequences. He would also play the role in wrestling rings all over Mexico for decades after the movie was released.
Tonina Jackson as Señor Torres/Tonina Jackson: Fernando's father
Carmelita González as Laura: Fernando's wife.
Freddy Fernández as Pichí: Laura's younger brother and Fernando's best friend.
Titina Romay as Margarita Torres: Fernando's little sister.
The film also featured a number of real-life luchadores wrestling with and against Huracán Ramírez in the action sequences.
External links
1962 films
Lucha libre films
1960s Spanish-language films
Mexican black-and-white films
Films directed by Joselito Rodríguez
1960s Mexican films |
Ocenebra helleri is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Muricidae, the murex snails or rock snails.
References
Gastropods described in 1865
Ocenebra |
EFX may refer to:
EFX (show), a Las Vegas show
EFX (album), an album of the show
Enterprise Framework (EFx), see EFx Factory
Enerflex Systems, a Canadian company listed as EFX on the Toronto Stock Exchange
Equifax, a U.S. consumer credit reporting agency listed as EFX on the New York Stock Exchange
Effects Extension (EFX), a set of digital signal processing extensions for the OpenAL audio API
.efx, the Everett Efax file format, see List of file formats
EFX item allocation - a rule for fair allocation of indivisible objects among people with different preferences.
See also
FX (disambiguation)
Das EFX, an American hip-hop group |
Chen Hao-wei (; born 30 April 1992) is a Taiwanese professional footballer who currently plays as a center forward for China League One club Dongguan United.
Club career
Eastern
On 17 July 2019, Eastern unveiled Chen as one of their newest players. He signed a two-year contract with the club.
On 11 December 2020, Chen left the club.
Honours
Eastern
Hong Kong Senior Shield: 2019–20
Hong Kong FA Cup: 2019–20
Personal life
Chen is a member of the Amis people hailing from Fenglin Township and is also fluently speaks the native language in addition to Chinese. He is also a Christian who thanks his family and God for success.
Career statistics
Club
Statistics accurate as of match played 11 December 2020.
International goals
Scores and results list Chinese Taipei's goal tally first.
References
External links
1992 births
Living people
Taiwanese men's footballers
Chinese Taipei men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Men's association football forwards
Taiwanese expatriate men's footballers
China League One players
Beijing Sport University F.C. players
Expatriate men's footballers in China
Hong Kong Premier League players
Eastern Sports Club footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Hong Kong
Sportspeople from Hualien County
Taiwanese Christians
Amis people
Hang Yuan FC players
Taiwanese expatriate sportspeople in Hong Kong
Taiwanese expatriate sportspeople in China |
Paul Sarebresole (May 1875 - October 3, 1911) was an early composer of ragtime music.
Sarebresole was born in New Orleans, Louisiana. His French ancestors spelled the family name "Sarrebresolles".
His "Roustabout Rag", published in 1897 by Gruenewald, was one of the earliest published ragtime pieces. It utilized the "three-over-four" rhythm later popularized by Charles L. Johnson.
Other noted Sarebresole compositions include "Get Your Habits On" from 1898 (which inspired the more popular sequel, "I've Got my Habits On"), "Fire's Out" from 1902, and "Come Clean" in 1905.
Paul Sarebresole died at 1357 St Anthony Street in New Orleans at the age of 36 and was buried in St. Louis Cemetery Number 3.
See also
List of ragtime composers
References
External links
“Paul Sarebresole and New Orleans’ First Rag” by Jack Stewart, Jazz Archivist, May 1997 PDF; article begins on page 12
1875 births
1911 deaths
Ragtime composers
Musicians from New Orleans |
```java
/*
* 2016 - 2022; Simon Braconnier and contributors
* 2022 - present; JODConverter
*
* This file is part of JODConverter - Java OpenDocument Converter.
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.jodconverter.cli.util;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.AfterAllCallback;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.BeforeAllCallback;
import org.junit.jupiter.api.extension.ExtensionContext;
/**
* Extension providing a way to prevent a call to System.exit to actually shut down the VM. Instead,
* a ExitException is thrown.
*/
public class NoExitExtension implements BeforeAllCallback, AfterAllCallback {
@Override
public void beforeAll(final ExtensionContext context) {
// Don't allow the program to exit the VM
System.setSecurityManager(new NoExitSecurityManager());
}
@Override
public void afterAll(final ExtensionContext context) {
// Restore security manager
System.setSecurityManager(null);
}
}
``` |
Robert M. La Follette House is a historic house located at 733 Lakewood Boulevard in Maple Bluff, Wisconsin, United States. The house was the home of Robert M. La Follette, Wisconsin governor and U.S. Congressman and presidential candidate, from 1905 until his death in 1925. It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964.
History
By the time La Follette purchased the house in 1905, he was already an accomplished Wisconsin politician. La Follette first gained a national political office in 1885, when he entered the U.S. House of Representatives as a member of the Republican Party; he remained a representative until 1890, when he lost a reelection bid due in part to ideological differences with party leadership. After leaving office, La Follette began a Progressive campaign against several of Wisconsin's large and politically influential corporations; his ideas won him enough popular support to secure him Wisconsin's governorship in 1900. While his Progressive plans were initially rejected by an unsympathetic state legislature, several of his policies became law by the middle of the decade, particularly tax reform policies such as a statewide income tax.
In 1905, the same year that he purchased his house in Maple Bluff, La Follette was elected to the U.S. Senate. La Follette remained a senator until his death; he became known for progressive stances such as the introduction of national regulatory commissions, support for organized labor, and opposition to World War I. La Follette also considered presidential office during his term as a senator; he was proposed as a Republican candidate in 1908, and he mounted an independent campaign in the 1924 election which carried Wisconsin and earned him one-sixth of the national vote. La Follette died in 1925 of chronic illness; his wife Belle Case and sons Philip and Robert Jr. remained influential in Wisconsin politics.
La Follette's life and political career was significantly associated with his homes in and near Madison, the state capital; before moving to his Maple Bluff house, he lived in a house on Broom Street in Madison. His house in Maple Bluff was originally situated on a plot, which had shrunk to by the time of its National Historic Landmark nomination. The two-story brick house is composed of two sections and features Victorian elements and a projecting bay with a mansard roof. After La Follette's death, the property remained in his family for several generations.
See also
LaFollette House (LaFollette, Tennessee): home of Harvey Marion LaFollette
List of National Historic Landmarks in Wisconsin
National Register of Historic Places listings in Dane County, Wisconsin
References
Houses in Dane County, Wisconsin
Houses completed in 1905
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin
National Historic Landmarks in Wisconsin
National Register of Historic Places in Dane County, Wisconsin
House
1905 establishments in Wisconsin |
Joseph John Rice (December 6, 1871—April 1, 1938) was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as bishop of the Diocese of Burlington in Vermont from 1910 until his death in 1938.
Biography
Early life
Joseph Rice was born on December 6, 1871, in Leicester, Massachusetts, to Henry and Catherine (née Donnelly) Rice. After graduating from Leicester Academy in Leicester in 1888, he studied at the College of the Holy Cross in Worcester, Massachusetts (1888–1891), and at the Grand Seminary of Montreal in Montreal, Quebec (1891–1894).
Priesthood
Returning to Massachusetts, Rice was ordained to the priesthood for the Diocese of Springfield in Massachusetts by Bishop Thomas Beaven on September 29, 1894. He then travelled to Rome to study, earning a Doctor of Divinity degree from the College of the Propaganda in 1896.
Following his return to the United States, Rice was assigned to a parish in Portland, Maine. He was then sent to Northern Maine to do missionary work among Native Americans there. Rice's next pastoral assignment was as an assistant pastor at St. Bernard's parish in Fitchburg, Massachusetts. He was then appointed as pastor of a French-Canadian parish in Pittsfield, Massachusetts. Rice also served in parishes in Oxford, Massachusetts, and Whitinsville, Massachusetts. Rice was a professor of philosophy at St. John's Seminary in Boston until 1903, when he was tasked with erecting St. Peter's Parish in Northbridge, Massachusetts.
Bishop of Burlington
On January 8, 1910, Rice was appointed bishop of the Diocese of Burlington by Pope Pius X. He received his episcopal consecration on April 14, 1910, from Bishop Thomas Beaven, with Bishops Matthew Harkins and Louis Walsh serving as co-consecrators, at the Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception in Burlington.
During his 28-year-long tenure, Rice placed De Goesbriand Memorial Hospital under the care of the Religious Hospitallers of St. Joseph and opened three high schools and Trinity College. He was also confronted with a case of anti-Catholicism; in November 1925, the Ku Klux Klan burned a cross on the steps of St. Augustine's Church at Montpelier, Vermont.
Joseph Rice died on April 1, 1938, at age 66. He is buried at Resurrection Park in South Burlington, Vermont.
References
\
1871 births
1938 deaths
Leicester Academy alumni
College of the Holy Cross alumni
Roman Catholic Diocese of Springfield in Massachusetts
People from Leicester, Massachusetts
Roman Catholic bishops of Burlington
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in the United States
Religious leaders from Massachusetts
Catholics from Massachusetts |
Gerhard Rochus "Gerd" Dudek (28 September 1938 – 3 November 2022) was a German jazz tenor and soprano saxophonist, clarinetist and flautist.
Dudek studied clarinet privately and attended music school in the 1950s, before joining a big band led by his brother Ossi until 1958. During the early 1960s, Dudek played in the Berliner Jazz Quintet, in Karl Blume's group and in Kurt Edelhagen's orchestra until 1965. He then became interested in free music and joined Manfred Schoof's quintet. Dudek took part in the first sessions of The Globe Unity Orchestra in 1966, and played with them at various times into the 1980s. He also worked with many other European free musicians and composers, including Alexander von Schlippenbach, Loek Dikker and The Waterland Ensemble And European Jazz Quintet.
Dudek was best known for his work with Manfred Schoof, Wolfgang Dauner, Lala Kovacev, the Globe Unity Orchestra, Berlin Contemporary Jazz Orchestra, Albert Mangelsdorff, Don Cherry and George Russell.
Dudek died on 3 November 2022, at the age of 84.
Discography
As leader
'Smatter (Psi, 2002)
Day and Night (Psi, 2012)
With You (JazzJazz, 2023)
As co-leader
Flying to the Sky (Trio, 1971) with Takehiro Honda
Morning Rise (Ego, 1977) with Alan Skidmore, Adelhard Roidinger, and Branislav Kovačev
Open (FMP, 1979) with Buschi Niebergall and Edward Vesala
After All (Konnex, 1991) with Ali Haurand and Rob van den Broeck
Pulque (Konnex, 1993) with Ali Haurand and Rob van den Broeck
Crossing Level (Konnex, 1997) with Rob van den Broeck, Ali Haurand and Tony Levin
Schinderkarren Mit Büffet (Konnex, 2002) with Paul Eßer, Ali Haurand and Jiri Stivin
The Art of Duo (Laika, 2005) with Michael Mikolaschek
Lyrik & Jazz Cascaden (Konnex, 2006) with Ingeborg Drews and Ali Haurand
Sound Solutions (self-released, 2013) with Max Bolleman and Rob van den Broeck
Nunc! (Nemu, 2014) with Misha Mengelberg, Dirk Bell, Ryan Carniaux, Joscha Oetz, and Nils Tegen
Two of Us Are One (Shaa, 2015) with Stefan Heidtmann
Live (self-released, 2021) with the Hans Koller Trio
As sideman
With the Berlin Contemporary Jazz Orchestra
Berlin Contemporary Jazz Orchestra (ECM, 1990)
Live in Japan '96 (DIW, 1997)
With Wolfgang Dauner
Free Action (SABA, 1967)
Requiem / Psalmus Spei (MPS, 1969)
With the European Jazz Ensemble
20th Anniversary Tour (Konnex, 1997)
25th Anniversary Tour (Konnex, 2002)
30 Years on the Road (Konnex, 2006) DVD
35th Anniversary Tour (Konnex, 2011)
With the European Jazz Quintet
Live At Moers Festival (Moers, 1977)
European Jazz Quintet (Ego, 1978)
European Jazz Quintet III (Fusion, 1982)
With the German All Stars
Live at the Domicile (MPS, 1971)
Out of Each/German All Stars in Japan (Columbia, 1971)
With the Globe Unity Orchestra
Live in Wuppertal (FMP, 1973)
Evidence, Vol 1 (FMP, 1976)
Into the Valley, Vol 2 (FMP, 1976)
Pearls (FMP, 1977)
Jahrmarkt / Local Fair (PTR/JWD, 1977)
Improvisations (Japo, 1978)
Compositions (Japo, 1979)
Hamburg '74 (FMP, 1979)
Intergalactic Blow (Japo, 1983)
Rumbling (FMP, 1991)
20th Anniversary (FMP, 1993)
Globe Unity 67 & 70 (Atavistic, 2001)
Globe Unity 40 Years (Intakt, 2008)
Live In Berlin (Jazzwerkstatt, 2010)
Baden-Baden '75 (FMP, 2011)
...Und Jetzt Die Sportschau (Trost, 2013)
Globe Unity 50 Years (Intakt, 2018)
With Alexander von Schlippenbach
Globe Unity (SABA, 1967)
With Manfred Schoof
Voices (CBS, 1966)
Manfred Schoof Sextet (Wergo, 1967)
European Echoes (FMP, 1969)
The Early Quintet (FMP, 1978)
Reflections (Mood, 1984)
With others
With Peter Brötzmann: Fuck de Boere (Atavistic, 2001)
With Jack Bruce: Somethin Els (CMP, 1993)
With Can: The Lost Tapes (Spoon, 2012)
With Gabi Delgado: Mistress (Virgin, 1983)
With Drum Circus: Magic Theatre (Garden Of Delights, 2003)
With Kurt Edelhagen and His Orchestra: The Unreleased WDR Jazz Recordings 1957 - 1974 (Jazzline, 2021)
With Kurt Edelhagen and Wolfgang Sauer: Kurt Edelhagen - Wolfgang Sauer (Amiga, 1965)
With European Jazz Trio: European Jazz Trio (Konnex, 2013)
With Four for Jazz: Sunday Child (Spiegelei , 1972)
With Peter Giger: A Drum Is a Woman - The Best of Peter Giger (Intuition, 2006)
With Guru Guru: Mani und seine Freunde (Atlantic, 1975)
With Ján Hajnal: Dedication (Hevhetia, 2020)
With Hellmut Hattler: Bassball (Harvest, 1977)
With Ali Haurand: Ballads (Konnex, 2005)
With Horns Ensemble (Günter Christmann, Albert Mangelsdorff, Paul Rutherford, Manfred Schoof, Kenny Wheeler): Horns (FMP, 1979)
With Knut Kiesewetter: Stop! Watch! and Listen! (MPS, 1970)
With Joachim Kühn: This Way Out (MPS, 1973)
With Lerryn: Goya Malt Karl IV (Columbia, 1978)
With Albert Mangelsdorff: Birds of Underground (MPS, 1973)
With Krzysztof Penderecki and Don Cherry: Actions (Philips, 1971)
With Oscar Pettiford: We Get the Message (Sonorama, 2015)
With Dieter Reith: Reith On! (Motor, 1999)
With Irmin Schmidt: Villa Wunderbar (Spoon, 2013)
With Wolfgang Schmidtke: Monk! (Jazzwerkstatt, 2018)
With Tobias Sudhoff: Polarlichter (Laika, 2004)
With Third Eye: Connexion (Ring, 1977)
With various artists: Gittin' to Know Y'All (MPS, 1970)
With various artists: Free Zone Appleby 2005 (Psi, 2006)
With the Wunsch / Strauch Sextet: Joana's Waltz (Jazz'N'Arts, 2005)
References
External links
Dudeks FMP releases
1938 births
2022 deaths
German jazz flautists
German jazz saxophonists
Male saxophonists
German jazz clarinetists
21st-century saxophonists
21st-century clarinetists
21st-century German male musicians
German male jazz musicians
Berlin Contemporary Jazz Orchestra members
Globe Unity Orchestra members
European Jazz Ensemble members
21st-century flautists
Psi Records artists |
Mimosestes protractus is a species of leaf beetle in the family Chrysomelidae. It is found in Central America and North America.
References
Further reading
Bruchinae
Articles created by Qbugbot
Beetles described in 1873 |
Ibrahim Al-Subaie (; born October 6, 1986) is a Saudi football player who plays a defender. He played in the Pro League for Al-Ansar.
References
1986 births
Living people
Saudi Arabian men's footballers
Al-Ansar FC (Medina) players
Ohod Club players
Saudi First Division League players
Saudi Pro League players
Saudi Second Division players
Men's association football defenders |
Stories from the Surface is the third album from Irish rock band Ham Sandwich. It was released in Ireland on 17 April 2015, and was produced by the band's long-time collaborator Karl Odlum. "Illuminate" was the band's first single to chart in Ireland, reaching 43 in the Irish music charts. The album has received mostly positive reviews in the band's native Ireland and went straight to first place in the Irish charts on its first week of release, becoming the band's first album to reach the top 20.
Track listing
Sources:
Personnel
Ham Sandwich
Podge McNamee - lead vocals, guitar
Niamh Farrell - lead vocals
Brian Darcy - guitar
David McEnroe - bass
Ollie Murphy - drums
Additional musicians
Sarah Lynch, Pat Daly, Kim Porcelli - strings
Donagh Molloy - brass
Production
Karl Odlum - production
Greg Calbi - mastering
Danny Kalb - mixing
Alan Clarke, Steve Averill - album artwork
Charts
Accolades
References
2015 albums
Ham Sandwich (band) albums |
Crammed Discs is an independent record label whose output blends world music, rock, pop, and electronica. Based in Brussels, Belgium, Crammed was founded in 1980 by Marc Hollander of Aksak Maboul and has since released around 375 albums and 275 singles, working with artists from all over the world (from Western Europe and the US to the Balkans and North & Central Africa, from South America to the Middle East and Japan).
Crammed Discs is run by Marc Hollander (A&R) with Hanna Gorjaczkowska (artist development, marketing, distribution & art direction) and Vincent Kenis (producer, director of the Congotronics Series).
Marc Hollander and Crammed Discs received the WOMEX award in 2004 at the World Music Expo international music trade fair, for being "one of the seminal players on the world music field". However, the label has always systematically worked with electronic music, indie pop and rock artists, and "doesn't see itself as a world music label: it just happens to enjoy working with artists from around the world, some of whom sing in languages other than English" (as stated in the label's manifesto). Crammed has been described as "one of the most boldly eclectic independent labels around" (Pitchfork), as "innovative and groundbreaking" and "visionary", a.o. for steadily avoiding to confine its roster "to one, potentially homogeneous category" and encouraging artists with plural identities to create new forms of music.
In 2011, Crammed Discs celebrated its 30th anniversary by setting up the Congotronics vs Rockers project, a "superband" including ten Congolese and ten indie rock musicians (including members of Konono No1, Deerhoof, Wildbirds & Peacedrums, Kasai Allstars, Skeletons, Juana Molina and Vincent Kenis), who collaborated to create a common repertoire and performed at 15 major festivals and venues in ten countries.
From 2008 to 2014, the following artists have joined the Crammed Discs roster: Chicago band Allá, indie pop act Lonely Drifter Karen (from Vienna and Barcelona), London-based Moroccan electronic artist U-cef, Congolese band Staff Benda Bilili, musician/composer/producer Mocky, Belgian band Hoquets, Belgo-Congolese rapper Baloji, Belgian-Colombian band La Chiva Gantiva, French-American artist Maïa Vidal, US bands Skeletons & Megafaun, South African/Dutch band SKIP&DIE, Belgian band Amatorski, Lebanese singer Yasmine Hamdan, Argentinian artist Juana Molina and Ghanaian/Swiss band OY.
The label's latest signings (2016-2020) are Parisian electronic music collective Acid Arab, Portuguese singer & musician Lula Pena, young French-Welsh band Fauna Twin, French experimental pop band Aquaserge, Matias Aguayo & The Desdemonas, the new rock band founded by the German-Chilean electronic music producer, Berlin-based Spanish experimental musician Don The Tiger, French-Chilean band Nova Materia, Lagos/London project Ekiti Sound, Ugandan/British band Nihiloxica, Californian musician Scott Gilmore, renowned producer Pascal Gabriel and his new Stubbleman project, and Palestinian techno duet Zenobia.
Sub-labels
Because of the diversity of the label's output since its early days in the 1980s, its founders chose to create several sub-labels. This policy was discarded during the latter part of the 1990s, because Crammed felt that genre-blending had finally become acceptable.
Made To Measure A composers' series specializing in instrumental and ambient music, soundtracks and works commissioned for films, ballets etc. Notable artists are: Hector Zazou, Arto Lindsay, John Lurie, Yasuaki Shimizu, Minimal Compact and Fred Frith. 36 volumes were released between 1984 and 1995.
SSR Launched in 1988, this electronic music label was A&R'd by DJ Morpheus (a.k.a. Samy Birnbach) and Marc Hollander. 47 albums and numerous singles were released, ranging from early new beat to downtempo, techno, house and hip hop, by artists such as Snooze, Juryman, Carl Craig, Tek 9, DJ Morpheus, Kevin Saunderson and Telex. SSR is short for Sampleur & Sans Reproche.
Language This 'avant dance' sub-label was A&R'd by Tony Thorpe (a.k.a. The Moody Boyz). 10 albums and 22 singles/EPs were released between 1995 and 1999, by artists including Buckfunk 3000 (Si Begg) and Circadian Rhythms (a band led by ex-This Heat member Charles Bullen).
Ziriguiboom Launched in 1998 in collaboration with Brazilian A&R/Producer Béco Dranoff, Ziriguiboom's aim was to present original and as-yet-unexposed aspects of Brazilian music to international audiences. It quickly became one of the global hubs for the new wave of Brazilian music, and has brought Crammed its biggest commercial success to date with Bebel Gilberto's debut album Tanto Tempo (which sold one million units worldwide). Ziriguiboom also signed and released albums by artists such as Celso Fonseca, Cibelle, Zuco 103, Trio Mocotó, Bossacucanova, DJ Dolores, Apollo Nove and the late Suba.
Crammed also had several specialized and one-artist sub-labels:
Cramworld (for contemporary and archival world music releases)
Selector (specialized in drum and bass)
Cramboy (for Tuxedomoon's releases)
Furax (released Belgian comedians Les Snuls)
The Congotronics Series
Currently the only subsiding Crammed Discs imprints are Congotronics and Made To Measure. Congotronoics is not a sub-label per se, but a collection of releases by Congolese bands who play their own respective styles of electrified traditional music (such as Konono No1 and Kasai Allstars). The series is curated and produced by Vincent Kenis.
As for the Made To Measure composers' series, it is being discreetly revived since 2013 (after having remained inactive for 18 years), as 6 new volumes have recently come out.
Discography (albums)
1980
Aksak Maboul: Un Peu de l'Âme des Bandits, with Chris Cutler and Fred Frith (LP 1980, CD reissue in 1995, vinyl reissue in 2018)
1981
Aksak Maboul: Onze Danses Pour Combattre la Migraine (originally out in 1977, released on Crammed in 1981, CD reissue in 2003, vinyl reissue in 2015)
Minimal Compact: Minimal Compact (mini-album, 1981, reissued on CD as part of One+One By One)
Band Apart: Band Apart (mini-album)
Family Fodder: Greatest Hits
1982
The Honeymoon Killers: Les Tueurs de la Lune de Miel
Des Airs: Lunga Notte (mini-album)
Hermine: The World On My Plates
Benjamin Lew/Steven Brown: Douzième Journée: le Verbe, la Parure, l'Amour
1983
Minimal Compact: One By One (1983, reissued on CD as part of One+One By One)
Band Apart: Marseille
Zazou Bikaye+CY1: Noir Et Blanc
1984
Made To Measure Vol.1, feat. Aksak Maboul, Benjamin Lew, Minimal Compact, Tuxedomoon
Blaine Reininger/Mikel Rouse: Colorado Suite
Minimal Compact: Deadly Weapons
Karl Biscuit: Regrets Eternels (1984, re-released in 2003 as part of Secret Love - Compiled Electropop Works)
1985
Zazou Bikaye: Mr Manager
Peter Principle: Sedimental Journey
Tuxedomoon: Holy Wars
Minimal Compact: Raging Souls
Tuxedomoon: Half Mute (originally out on Ralph Records in 1980, reissued on Crammed in 1985)
Hector Zazou: Géographies
Karl Biscuit: Fatal Reverie (1985, re-released in 2003 as part of Secret Love - Compiled Electropop Works)
Nadjma: Rapture In Baghdad, feat. Adrian Sherwood
1986
Surfin Dave and The Absent Legends: In Search of a Decent Haircut
Various Artists: Fuck Your Dreams, This Is Heaven, feat. members of Tuxedomoon & Minimal Compact playing covers of 1960s/1970s songs
Colin Newman: Commercial Suicide
Tuxedomoon: Desire (originally out on Ralph Records in 1981, re-issued on Crammed in 1986)
Benjamin Lew/Steven Brown: A propos d'un paysage
Tuxedomoon: Ship of Fools
Mikel Rouse: A Walk In The Woods
John Lurie: Stranger Than Paradise (original soundtrack from the Jim Jarmusch film)
Mahmoud Ahmed: Ere Mela Mela (originally released 1975-76, released on Crammed Discs in 1986, and re-issued as part of the Ethiopiques series in 2000)
Hector Zazou: Reivax au Bongo
1987
Minimal Compact: The Figure One Cuts
Tuxedomoon: You
Minimal Compact: Lowlands Flight
Sussan Deyhim & Richard Horowitz: Desert Equations
Yasuaki Shimizu: Music For Commercials
John Lurie: Down By Law (original soundtrack from the Jim Jarmusch film)
Daniel Schell & Karo: If Windows They Have
Karen Finley: The Truth Is Hard To Swallow
Tuxedomoon: Suite en Sous-Sol/Time To Lose/Short Stories (originally out in 1982 and 1983, re-issued on Crammed in 1987)
1988
Bel Canto: White Out Conditions
Colin Newman: It Seems
Sonoko: La Débutante
Benjamin Lew: Nebka
Tuxedomoon: Pinheads on the Move
1989
Minimal Compact: Live
Zazou Bikaye: Guilty
Dominic Sonic: Cold Tears
Peter Principle: Tone Poems
Samy Birnbach/Benjamin Lew: When God Was Famous
Various Artists: Sampleur et Sans Reproche (SSR compilation)
Bleep (a.k.a. Geir Jenssen a.k.a. Biosphere): The North Pole By Submarine
1990
Bel Canto: Birds Of Passage
Hector Zazou: Géologies
Steven Brown/Delphine Seyrig: De doute et de grâce
Peter Scherer & Arto Lindsay: Pretty Ugly
Zelwer: La fiancée aux yeux de bois
Foreign Affair: East On Fire
Fred Frith: The Top Of His Head
Gabor G.Kristof: Le cri du lézard
Steve Shehan: Arrows
Daniel Schell & Karo: Le Secret de Bwlch
Tuxedomoon: Divine, soundtrack for a Maurice Béjart ballet (1982, reissued on Crammed in 1990)
1991
Dominique Dalcan: Entre l'étoile et le carré
Classic Swede Swede: Toleki Bango (Miles Ahead)
Taraf de Haïdouks: Musique des Tziganes de Roumanie
Ramuntcho Matta: Domino One
Bobvan: Loonychip Classics
Michel Moers: Fishing Le Kiss
Seigen Ono: Nekonotopia Nekonomania
Zap Mama: Zap Mama (retitled Adventures In Afropea for the US release, 1991)
Hector Zazou: Sahara Blue feat. John Cale, Ryuichi Sakamoto, David Sylvian...
1992
Bel Canto: Shimmering Warm and Bright
David Cunningham: Water
Various Artists: Roots Of Rumba Rock 1 (1953-54) (1992, reissued with vol.2 as a double CD in 2006)
The Gruesome Twosome (Samy Birnbach & Bertrand Burgalat): Candy For Strangers
Les Snuls: Les Snuls, bien entendu
1993
Sainkho (Saynkho Namchylak): Out of Tuva
Bobvan: Water Dragon
Various Artists: Roots Of OK Jazz (1993, reissued in 2006)
Brion Gysin: Self-Portrait Jumping
Tuxedomoon: Solve et Coagula
Benjamin Lew: Le Parfum du Raki
Lone Kent: Granite & Sand
Avalon: Earth Water Air Fire
1994
Ramuntcho Matta: 2 l'Amour
Various Artists: Freezone 1: The Phenomenology Of Ambient (2CD)
Zap Mama: Sabsylma
Dominique Dalcan: Cannibale
Taraf de Haïdouks: Honourable Brigands, Magic Horses & Evil Eye
Solar Quest: Orgship
Various Artists: Around The Day in 80 Worlds, compiled by DJ Morpheus a.k.a. Samy Birnbach
Purna Das Baul & Bauls Of Bengal
Various Artists: Jungle Vibes
Various Artists: Renegade Selector
1995
4hero Parallel Universe
John Lurie National Orchestra: Men With Sticks
Harold Budd & Hector Zazou: Glyph
Various Artists: Freezone 2: Variations On A Chill, compiled by DJ Morpheus a.k.a. Samy Birnbach (2 CD)
Various Artists: Miscellaneous (Language compilation)
Various Artists: Jungle Vibes 2 (Selector compilation)
Various Artists: Roots Of Rumba Rock 2 (1954-55) (1995, reissued with vol.1 as a double CD in 2006)
Bio Muse: Wrong
Zelwer: Les dieux sont fâchés/The Gods Are Angry
Aural Expansion: Surreal Sheep
1996
Tek 9: It's Not What You Think It Is !!?!
Snooze: The Man In The Shadow
Various Artists: Freezone 3: Horizontal Dancing, 23 exclusives by Herbert, Kruder&Dorfmeister, Carl Craig...(2CD)
Various Artists: Miscellaneous, The 2nd Edition (Language compilation)
Endemic Void Equations
Hugo: La Formule
Aural Expansion: Remixed Sheep
Various Artists: Moving House, compiled by DJ Geoffroy a.k.a. Mugwump
Various Artists: Junglized (Selector compilation)
Various Artists: The Deepest Shade Of Techno, compiled by 4hero (2CD)
Ziryab Trio: Mashreq Classics
1997
Carl Craig More Songs About Food And Revolutionary Art
Barbara Gogan with Hector Zazou: Made On Earth
Various Artists: Freezone 4: Dangerous Lullabies, 22 exclusives by Basement Jaxx, Rhythm And Sound, Thievery Corporation...(2CD)
Juryman vs Spacer: Mail-Order Justice
Tuxedomoon: The Ghost Sonata (1991, reissued on Crammed in 1997)
Kočani Orkestar: L'Orient est rouge
Elixir: Alien Rainbow
Meira Asher: Dissected
Qmoog: The Arc Of Blueness
Subject 13: The Black Steele Project
Tao: Esoteric Red
Various Artists: Moving House 2, compiled by DJ Geoffroy a.k.a. Mugwump
Various Artists: Lysergic Factory, compiled by DJ Morpheus
1998
Taraf de Haïdouks: Dumbala Dumba
Buckfunk 3000: First Class Ticket To Telos
Auto Repeat: The Unbearable Lightness Of Auto-Repeating
Circadian Rhythms: Internal Clock
Various Artists: Freezone 5: The Radio Is Teaching My Goldfish Ju-Jitsu, 21 exclusives by Shawn J.Period, Jigmastas, Joe Claussell... (2CD)
Bossacucanova: Revisited Classics
Telex: I Don't Like Music, a collection of remixes
Various Artists: Moving House 3, compiled by DJ Geoffroy a.k.a. Mugwump
Various Artists: If U Can Beat 'Em, Break 'Em, compiled by DJ Morpheus
Various Artists: Phax'n'Phixion, The Nu Hip Hop Underground, compiled by DJ Morpheus
Various Artists: Junglized 2 (Selector compilation)
Various Artists: The Family Album, exclusive tracks by artists on the Language label
Kevin Saunderson: Faces & Phases (2CD)
1999
Telex: I Don't Like Music 2, a collection of remixes
Meira Asher: Spears Into Hooks
Various Artists: Freezone 6: Fourth Person Singular, 22 exclusives by Alex Gopher, Stacey Pullen, Mark Pritchard... (2CD)
Zuco 103: Outro Lado
Phosphorus: Pillar Of Salt
Various Artists: Brasil 2mil - The Soul Of Bass-O-Nova
Suba (Mitar Subotić): São Paulo Confessions
Niko Marks & Eddie Fowlkes: City Boy Players
Various Artists: Moving House At Food Club
Various Artists: Tags Of The Times 2.0
Various Artists: The Beyond Real Experience, produced and compiled by DJ Spinna
Various Artists: Electric Kingdom - New Skool Breaks & Electro
Various Artists If It's Not 100% U.K. Hip Hop You Can Have Your Money Back, compiled by Tony Thorpe & Dave Watts
2000
Bebel Gilberto: Tanto Tempo
Sandy Dillon & Hector Zazou: 12 (Las Vegas Is Cursed)
Tek 9: Simply
Juryman: The Hill
Le PM: Les Petits Chefs
Sussan Deyhim: Madman of God
Various Artists: In My Bag, compiled by DJ Morpheus
2001
Taraf de Haïdouks: Band of Gypsies
Zuco 103: The Other Side of Outro Lado
Various Artists: Freezone: Seven Is Seven Is, 23 exclusives by Cibelle, Kid Koala, Tim 'Love' Lee... (2CD)
Trio Mocotó: Samba Rock
Various Artists: Samba Soul 70
Snooze: Goingmobile
Bossacucanova: Brasilidade
Bebel Gilberto: Tanto Tempo Remixes
2002
Kočani Orkestar: Alone at my Wedding
Suba (Mitar Subotić): Tributo
Zuco 103: Tales of High Fever
Juryman: Escape To Where
Sussan Deyhim/Bill Laswell: Shy Angels
Various Artists: Ziriguiboom: The Now Sound Of Brazil
2003
Electric Gypsyland 1 (Taraf de Haïdouks and Kočani Orkestar reinterpreted by Señor Coconut, Mercan Dede, Arto Lindsay & more)
Cibelle: Cibelle
Celso Fonseca: Natural
Benjamin Lew: Compiled Electronic Landscapes
Zuco 103: One Down, One Up (2CD)
2004
Bebel Gilberto: Bebel Gilberto
Tuxedomoon: Cabin In The Sky
Tuxedomoon: Seismic Riffs (DVD)
Mahala Rai Banda: Mahala Rai Banda
Trio Mocotó: Beleza! Beleza!! Beleza!!!
Bossacucanova: Uma Batida Diferente
Konono Nº1: Congotronics
Minimal Compact: Returning Wheel (3-CD box set, including new remixes and rarities)
2005
Celso Fonseca: Rive Gauche Rio
Bebel Gilberto: Bebel Gilberto Remixed
Apollo Nove: Res Inexplicata Volans feat. Cibelle, Seu Jorge etc.
DJ Dolores: Aparelhagem
Zuco 103: Whaa!
Cibelle: About A Girl EP (CD/DVD dualdisc)
Various Artists: Ziriguiboom: The Now Sound Of Brazil 2
Taraf de Haïdouks: The Continuing Adventures Of... (DVD+CD)
Congotronics 2, Buzz'n'Rumble in the Urb'n'Jungle, feat. Konono No.1, Kasai Allstars, Basokin... (CD+DVD)
2006
Tartit Abacabok
Think Of One: Trafico
Cibelle:The Shine Of Dried Electric Leaves
Electric Gypsyland 2 (Taraf de Haïdouks et al., reinterpreted by Tunng, Animal Collective, Nouvelle Vague, Susheela Raman & more)
Tuxedomoon: Bardo Hotel Soundtrack
Hugo: La Nuit des Balançoires
Wise In Time: The Ballad of Den The Men
Various Artists: Roots Of Rumba Rock 1+2 (1953–55) (originally out in 1992 and 1995, reissued as a 2CD in 2006)
2007
Tuxedomoon: Vapour Trails
Tuxedomoon: 77o7 TM (The 30th Anniversary Box) (3CD+1DVD)
Bebel Gilberto: Momento
Taraf de Haïdouks: Maskarada
Flat Earth Society: Psychoscout
Balkan Beat Box: Nu Med
Think Of One: Camping Shaabi
Shantel Disko Partizani!
Konono Nº1: Live At Couleur Cafe
Various Artists: Sex & The Single Rabbit (a 2-volume compilation of Crammed electronic music tracks, digital-only)
2008
Kasai Allstars In The 7th Moon, The Chief Turned Into A Swimming Fish...
Kočani Orkestar: The Ravished Bride
DJ Dolores: 1 Real
Allá Es Tiempo
Balkan Beat Box: Nu-Made (CD+DVD)
Lonely Drifter Karen Grass Is Singing
U-cef: Halalwood
Hector Zazou & Swara: In The House Of Mirrors
2009
Staff Benda Bilili Tres Tres Fort
Bossacucanova: Ao Vivo (DVD+CD)
Mocky Saskamodie
Shantel:Planet Paprika
Chicha Libre: Sonido Amazonico!
Les Tueurs de la lune de miel (a.k.a. The Honeymoon Killers): Special Manubre (originally out in 1977, reissued in 2009)
Akron/Family Set 'Em Wild, Set 'Em Free
Megafaun Gather, Form & Fly
Flat Earth Society: Cheer Me, Perverts
Zeep People & Things
2010
Konono N°1 Assume Crash Position
Lonely Drifter Karen: Fall Of Spring
Balkan Beat Box: Blue Eyed Black Boy
Cibelle: Las Venus Resort Palace Hotel
Axel Krygier: Pesebre
Various Artists: The Roots Of Chicha 2
Radioclit Presents: The Sound Of Club Secousse (African Dance Music Anthems)
Tradi-Mods vs Rockers: Alternative Takes on Congotronics feat. Deerhoof, Andrew Bird, Juana Molina, Micachu, Glenn Kotche & more (2CD)
Megafaun: Heretofore
2011
Skeletons: People
Taraf de Haïdouks & Kočani Orkestar: Band of Gypsies 2
Hoquets: Belgotronics
Various Artists: The Karindula Sessions (CD+DVD)
Tuxedomoon: Unearthed, previously-unreleased music and videos (CD+DVD)
Megafaun: Megafaun
The Real Tuesday Weld: The Last Werewolf
La Chiva Gantiva: Pelao
Maïa Vidal: God Is My Bike
Baloji: Kinshasa Succursale
2012
Zita Swoon Group: Wait For Me
Lonely Drifter Karen: Poles
Balkan Beat Box: Give
Jagwa Music: Bongo Hotheads
Chicha Libre: Canibalismo
Staff Benda Bilili: Bouger Le Monde
SKIP&DIE: Riots In The Jungle
2013
Amatorski: TBC (+ Same Stars We Shared)
Maïa Vidal: Spaces
NYNKE: Alter
Yasmine Hamdan: Ya Nass
Cibelle : ∆UNBINDING∆
SKIP&DIE : Remixed Riots
Amatorski : re:tbc
Brown Reininger Bodson : Clear Tears | Troubled Waters (features Steven Brown, Blaine L. Reininger and Maxime Bodson)
Juana Molina : Wed 21
2014
La Chiva Gantiva: Vivo
OY: No Problem Saloon
Amatorski: from clay to figures
Tuxedomoon: Pink Narcissus
Kasai Allstars: Beware The Fetish
Juana Molina: Segundo (re-issue - originally out in 2000)
Juana Molina: Tres Cosas (re-issue - originally out in 2002)
Juana Molina: Son (re-issue - originally out in 2006)
Juana Molina: Un día (re-issue - originally out in 2008)
Chancha Via Circuito: Amansara
Véronique Vincent & Aksak Maboul: Ex-Futur Album
Jozef Van Wissem: It Is Time For You To Return
2015
Taraf de Haïdouks: Of Lovers, Gamblers and Parachute Skirts
Axel Krygier: Hombre de piedra
SKIP&DIE: Cosmic Serpents
Bérangère Maximin: Dangerous Orbits
Soapkills: The Best of Soapkills
Maïa Vidal: You're The Waves
Tuxedomoon & Cult With No Name: Blue Velvet Revisited
Tuxedomoon: The Vinyl Box (retrospective, 10-LP boxed set)
2016
Konono N°1: Konono N°1 meets Batida
Various Artists: Give Me New Noise: Half-Mute Revisited
Véronique Vincent & Aksak Maboul: Je pleure tout le temps EP (reworks & remixes)
OY: Space Diaspora
Acid Arab: Musique de France
Aquaserge: Guerre EP
Fauna Twin: The Hydra EP
Véronique Vincent & Aksak Maboul: 16 Visions of Ex-Futur (covers & reworks, feat. Jaakko Eino Kalevi, Aquaserge, Laetitia Sadier, Forever Pavot, Flavien Berger, Nite Jewel, Bullion, Burnt Friedman, Hello Skinny, Marc Collin, Bérangère Maximin, Lena Willikens and Aksak Maboul)
2017
Lula Pena: Archivo Pittoresco
Aquaserge: Laisse ça être
Le Ton Mité: Passé composé futur conditionnel
Yasmine Hamdan: Al Jamilat
Kasai Allstars: Around Félicité
Juana Molina: Halo
Matias Aguayo & The Desdemonas: Sofarnopolis
Juana Molina: Un día (vinyl release)
Yasuaki Shimizu: Music For Commercials (vinyl reissue)
Zazou Bikaye CY1: Noir et Blanc (vinyl reissue)
2018
Aksak Maboul: Un peu de l'âme des bandits (vinyl reissue)
Aquaserge: Déjà-vous?
Lio: Lio canta Caymmi
Yasmine Hamdan: Jamilat Reprise
Nova Materia: It Comes
Don The Tiger: Matanzas
2019
Scott Gilmore: Two Roomed Motel
Ekiti Sound: Abeg No Vex
Stubbleman: Mountains And Plains
Band Apart: Band Apart (vinyl reissue)
Matias Aguayo: Support Alien Invasion
Juana Molina: Forfun EP
Zap Mama: Adventures in Afropea (vinyl reissue)
Various Artists: Kinshasa 1978 (Originals & Reconstructions) - feat. Konono No.1, Sankayi, Martin Meissonnier
2020
Doctor Fluorescent: Doctor Fluorescent (feat. Scott Gilmore & Eddie Ruscha)
Aksak Maboul: Figures
Zenobia: Halak, Halak
Nihiloxica: Kaloli
Ekiti Sound: Abeg No Vex Remixes vol.1 (digital EP)
Stubbleman: The Blackbird Tapes (digital EP)
Nova Materia: Live At Home (digital EP)
2021
Ikoqwe (Batida & Ikonoklasta
Kasai Allstars: Black Ants Always Fly Together...
Nova Materia: Xpujil
Aquaserge: The Possibility of a New Work for Aquaserge
Aksak Maboul: Redrawn Figures 1 and Redrawn Figures 2
2022
Steven Brown: El Hombre Invisible
Congotronics International: Where's The One?
Various Artists: Fictions (Made To Measure Vol.47) feat. Kaitlyn Aurelia Smith, Mary Lattimore etc
Batida: Neon Colonialismo
2023
Acid Arab: Trois
Aksak Maboul: Une aventure de VV (songspiel)
Ensemble 0: Jojoni
Ekiti Sound: Drum Money
Nihiloxica: Source of Denial
Crammed Samplers
It's A Crammed, Crammed World 1 (LP, 1984)
It's A Crammed, Crammed World 2 (LP, 1987)
The World According To Crammed (CD, 1993)
Crammed Global Soundclash 80-89 (2 separate CDs, or box set including bonus material, 2003)
20 Ways To Float Through Walls, a selection of tracks released between 2001 & 2007 (CD, 2007)
It's A Crammed, Crammed World 3, tracks from 2008/2009 (CD, 2009)
Crammed Walks With The Animals, tracks with titles containing animal names (CD, 2011)
Crammed Goes To The Movies, tracks from or inspired by films (CD, 2011)
Awards and nominations
Awards
Grammy Award for Best Pop Collaboration (USA): Konono No1 (with Herbie Hancock) (2011)
Songlines Award for Best Group (UK): Staff Benda Bilili (2010)
Womex Artist Award of the Year: Staff Benda Bilili (2009)
Womex/World Music Charts Europe (EBU) Label Of The Year: Crammed Discs (2009)
BBC Awards for World Music (UK): Konono No1 (2006)
BBC Awards for World Music (UK): Shantel (2006)
Edison Award (The Netherlands): Taraf de Haïdouks (2006)
World Music Charts Europe (EBU) Label Of The Year: Crammed Discs (2005)
Womex Award of the Year: Marc Hollander and Crammed Discs (2004)
BBC Awards for World Music (UK): Think Of One (2004)
Mobo Award (Music Of Black Origin) (UK): Bebel Gilberto (2004)
BBC Awards for World Music (UK): Taraf de Haïdouks (2002)
Edison Award (The Netherlands): Zelwer (1991)
Nominations
Grammy Awards (USA): Konono No1 (2007)
Grammy Awards (USA): Bebel Gilberto (2001, 2004 and 2007)
Impala Awards (Pan-European Indie Awards): Maïa Vidal (2011)
UK Music Video Awards: Maïa Vidal (2012)
Crammed Discs artists (past and present)
4hero
Akron/Family
Acid Arab
Aksak Maboul
Allá
Amatorski
Apollo Nove
Aquaserge
Auto Repeat
Axel Krygier
Balkan Beat Box
Batida
Baloji
Bebel Gilberto
Bel Canto
Benjamin Lew
Bérangère Maximin
Bio Muse
Karl Biscuit
Bobvan
Bossacucanova
Buckfunk 3000
Carl Craig
Celso Fonseca
Chancha Via Circuito
Chicha Libre
Cibelle
Circadian Rhythm
Colin Newman (Wire)
Congotronics International
Cult With No Name
Daniel Schell
DJ Dolores
DJ Morpheus
Dominic Sonic
Don The Tiger
Ekiti Sound
Ensemble 0
Family Fodder
Fauna Twin
Flat Earth Society
Fred Frith
Hector Zazou
Hermine Demoriane
Hoquets
Hugo
Jagwa Music
Jozef Van Wissem
Juana Molina
Juryman / Ian Simmonds
Kasai Allstars
Koçani Orkestar
Konono n°1
La Chiva Gantiva
Le PM
Lonely Drifter Karen
Lula Pena
John Lurie
Juana Molina
Mahala Rai Banda
Maïa Vidal
Matias Aguayo & The Desdemonas
Megafaun
Meira Asher
Minimal Compact
Mocky
Nynke
Nova Materia
Nihiloxica
OY
Peter Principle
Qmoog
Ramuntcho Matta
Scott Gilmore
Shantel
Skeletons
Skip&Die
Snooze/ Dominique Dalcan
Sonoko
Staff Benda Bilili
Steven Brown
Stubbleman / (Pascal Gabriel)
Suba
Sussan Deyhim
Taraf de Haïdouks
Tartit
Tek 9
Telex
The Gruesome Twosome
The Honeymoon Killers (les Tueurs de la Lune de Miel)
The Moody Boyz
The Real Tuesday Weld
Think Of One
Trio Mocoto
Tuxedomoon
U-cef
Véronique Vincent & Aksak Maboul
Wise In Time
Yasmine Hamdan
Zap Mama
Zeep
Zelwer
Zenobia
Zita Swoon Group
Zuco 103
References
External links
The Ziriguiboom imprint
The Congotronics Series
Crammed Discs Week, a series of acoustic live videos with several Crammed bands, shot in 2007 by Vincent Moon as part of the Take-Away Shows
Crammed Discs' channel on YouTube
Belgian independent record labels
Companies based in Brussels
Mass media in Brussels
Music in Brussels
Record labels established in 1980
World music record labels
Pop record labels
Electronic music record labels |
Robbie McCallum (born 11 June 2000) is a Scottish rugby union player. He plays as a centre for London Scottish. He previously played for Glasgow Warriors and Boroughmuir Bears.
Rugby Union career
Amateur career
He played for West of Scotland.
When he moved to Musselburgh to go to Loretto School he then played for Musselburgh.
He left school in 2018. His brother was staying in Spain and McCallum then joined him in Madrid.
After injury when playing for the Boroughmuir Bears, McCallum recovered his fitness by playing for Glasgow Hutchesons Aloysians in the Scottish Premiership.
Professional career
He played for Complutense Cisneros in the professional Spanish top league.
He was given a place in the Scottish Rugby Academy for the 2019–20 season and assigned to Glasgow Warriors.
He was also assigned to Boroughmuir Bears and played for them in the Super 6.
He played for Glasgow Warriors against Edinburgh Rugby in the 4 February 2021 'A' match at Scotstoun Stadium. It was behind closed doors due to the coronavirus pandemic.
He signed for London Scottish to play in the RFU Championship in August 2022.
International career
He has played for Scotland U16, Scotland U18, Scotland U19 and Scotland U20.
Cricket career
McCallum played for West of Scotland Cricket Club at the same time he played for the West of Scotland rugby club. He moved to Loretto School in Musselburgh, as the cricket coach there John Blain had also coached the West side.
He played for Scotland Under 15s and Scotland Under 17s at cricket.
Family
His grandfather Struan McCallum was a tighthead prop for Jordanhill, Glasgow District and Scotland 'B'.
References
2000 births
Living people
Rugby union centres
Glasgow Warriors players
West of Scotland FC players
London Scottish F.C. players
Glasgow Hutchesons Aloysians RFC players
Musselburgh RFC players
Boroughmuir RFC players
Complutense Cisneros CR players
West of Scotland cricket players |
The 1985–86 Northern Counties East Football League season was the 4th in the history of Northern Counties East Football League, a football competition in England.
At the end of the previous season divisions One North, One Central and One South was reorganised. The clubs were distributed between newly formed divisions One, Two and Three.
Division Three was disbanded at the end of the season. Most of the Division Three clubs were promoted to Division Two.
Premier Division
The Premier Division featured 17 clubs which competed in the previous season, along with three new clubs:
Armthorpe Welfare, promoted from Division One Central
Farsley Celtic, promoted from Division One North
Long Eaton United, promoted from Division One South
League table
Map
Division One
At the end of the previous season divisions One North, One South and One Central was reorganised. The clubs were distributed between newly formed divisions One, Two and Three.
Division One consisted of 16 clubs.
Clubs transferred from Division One North:
Bradley Rangers
Bridlington Town
Harrogate Railway Athletic
Harrogate Town
North Ferriby United
Rowntree Mackintosh
Clubs transferred from Division One Central:
Brigg Town
Hatfield Main
Ossett Albion
Pilkington Recreation
Woolley Miners Welfare
Clubs transferred from Division One South:
Borrowash Victoria
Dronfield United
Harworth Colliery Institute
Sheffield
Plus:
Mexborough Town Athletic, relegated from the Premier Division
League table
Map
Division Two
At the end of the previous season divisions One North, One South and One Central was reorganised. The clubs were distributed between newly formed divisions One, Two and Three.
Division Two consisted of 16 clubs.
Clubs transferred from Division One North:
Garforth Miners, who also changed name to Garforth Town
Liversedge
Pickering Town
York Railway Institute
Clubs transferred from Division One Central:
Grimethorpe Miners Welfare
Maltby Miners Welfare
Ossett Town
BSC Parkgate
Thorne Colliery
Yorkshire Main
Clubs transferred from Division One South:
Arnold Kingswell
Frecheville Community
Hallam
Kiveton Park
Lincoln United
Staveley Works
League table
Map
Division Three
At the end of the previous season divisions One North, One South and One Central was reorganised. The clubs were distributed between newly formed divisions One, Two and Three.
Division Three consisted of 14 clubs.
Clubs transferred from Division One North:
Collingham
Hall Road Rangers
Selby Town
Tadcaster Albion
Yorkshire Amateur
Clubs transferred from Division One Central:
Fryston Colliery Welfare
Stocksbridge Works
Wombwell Sporting Association
Worsbrough Bridge Miners Welfare
Clubs transferred from Division One South:
Graham Street Prims
Kimberley Town
Oakham United
Plus:
Eccleshill United, joined from the West Riding County Amateur Football League
Glasshoughton Welfare, joined from the West Yorkshire Association Football League
League table
References
1985-86
8 |
is a Japanese Neoclassical metal / Power metal band formed in 1996 and led by guitarist Norifumi Shima.
The band's first two albums were reissued by InsideOut Music in 2003.
History
1996–1997: Formation and early days
In 1995, Shima met Takao Ozaki, who was fronting the band Zenith at the time, while Shima was the guitarist of Crystal Clear. Both bands were formed in the early 1990s and were drawing in a lot of attention in the Japanese hard rock scene, releasing a few demos and playing successful shows at venues such as Rokumeikan. Both bands debuted on Mandrake Root Records' Make It Shine video and album releases. As such, the formation of Concerto Moon happened to be the idea of Zenith guitarist Tsutomu Toya, who decided to break up the band in order to go major with Blue Stealer (featuring singer Tomoko "Killer" Yamamoto of Volfeed, who also split up the band for this reason). Due to this, both Toya and bassist Tsutomu Onda went along with the plan, and three-fifths of Zenith's final line-up (consisting of Ozaki on vocals, Osamu Harada on keyboards, and Nobuho Yoshioka on drums) joined Shima on forming Concerto Moon in 1996. Lacking a bassist at the time (Crystal Clear bassist Keisuke Nishimoto was out of the country), the band happened to audition Kohsaku Mitani (the younger brother of Emerald Aisles guitarist Tetsuya Mitani, as he was also a member of that band).
As the months drew in that same year, the band regularly rehearsed and recorded the songs "Change My Heart" and "Holy Child" for the Make It Shine Vol. 2 compilation album, as well as playing "Over the Century" live for the video version of that album. The song "Change My Heart" in particular was distributed on its own on a cassette tape given to those who went to see the band play their first show on July 28th, 1996. With great success, the band was signed to Mandrake Root Records, although Yoshioka had to withdraw from the band. According to a 1997 Burrn! interview, Shima claimed that Yoshioka left due to lacking interest in hard rock. He was replaced by former Fortbragg and Sqwier drummer Ichiro "VAL" Nagai for the band's debut album, Fragments of the Moon. However, upon completing the album, Harada left the band for personal reasons. For the tour in support of the album, the band used Masatoshi Taguchi as live support on keyboards until they landed a permanent replacement in Toshiyuki Koike later that year. Thanks to songs like "Alone in Paradise", "Holy Child", and "Take You to the Moon", the band's popularity was skyrocketing. That same year, the band participated in the cover of the Space Battleship Yamato theme with the release of "鋼鉄組曲 -宇宙より愛をこめて-" (translated as "Steel Suite -From Space with Love-") and went major by signing to VAP.
1998–1999: Major label signing and Ozaki's departure
In 1998, the band released From Father to Son as their major debut. When touring in support of the album, they opened for Finnish power metal band Stratovarius, who had released Destiny that year. Music videos were released for "From Father to Son" and "The Last Betting" (originally a Zenith song that Ozaki composed). As the band continued enjoying their success in the scene, they returned in 1999 with the release of Rain Forest, which noted a slight change in direction as the band was eschewing their neoclassical roots in favor of more standard forms of hard rock and heavy metal. Nonetheless, Shima continued to write songs in similar veins as the albums before it, releasing a music video for "Time to Die", the album opener. However, tensions were growing between Shima and Ozaki as the situation was proving to be difficult to handle. In a 2007 interview with the online zine Metal Kings, Shima stated that Ozaki's voice was not strong enough for the style of music Concerto Moon played, and that he had more of a folk upbringing than a hard rock or heavy metal one. The band continued to play successful concerts throughout Japan that year, however, leading to the release of The End of the Beginning, their final live album with Ozaki (and with bonus track When the Moon Cries being their final studio involvement with him). In December 1999, Ozaki left the band, choosing not to continue working with Shima.
2000-2004: Double Dealer and starting over with a new singer
As the new millennium drew in, Concerto Moon was in a very bad spot, due to dysfunctional relationships. As such, Shima put the band temporarily on hold, and with the help of VAP, he formed Double Dealer with Saber Tiger singer and personal friend Takenori Shimoyama. Joining along were Mitani and Koike from Concerto Moon and drummer Yoshio Isoda from Saber Tiger. This resulted in a direction more focused on bluesy 1970s and 1980s hard rock, and less similarities to Concerto Moon. With the release of their self-titled debut album in 2000, the band played select shows in Europe, due to the efforts of German record label Limb Music. Deride on the Top, their sophomore album, was released in 2001.
Double Dealer was put on hold when Shima decided to officially resurrect Concerto Moon, having played shows with the band in November 2000 with Takashi Inoue filling in as the band's next singer. Originally, Gate of Triumph, the first release since their hiatus was meant to be Shima's solo album, but the artist was changed to "Norifumi Shima with Concerto Moon" by VAP in order to influence sales. Although the album is mostly instrumental tracks, there are three original songs with Inoue's vocals, plus English-language versions of "Alone in Paradise" (changed to "Alone in the Paradise '01") and "Take You to the Moon" (changed to "Take You to the Moon '01"). Not long after, the band was tasked by the label with re-recording songs from their first four albums (including Gate of Triumph) to celebrate their fifth anniversary, and Destruction and Creation was released in 2002. However, Nagai left the band during the production cycle of the album to join Ark Storm, and his replacement was Junichi Sato (who would join Galneryus next year). Sato played on the last three songs off Destruction and Creation, two of them being original instrumentals and the third one being a remake of Crystal Clear song "Second War in Heaven" to close things off.
By 2002, the band was busy in the studio once again recording a proper followup to Gate of Triumph. In January 2003, Life on the Wire was released, and the band embarked on a successful tour that resulted in the release of a live album and video titled Live: Once in a Life Time. However, Sato was forced to leave Concerto Moon because Shima did not want him playing in other bands (he had just joined Galneryus in time to record their 2003 debut album, The Flag of Punishment). As such, Concerto Moon was out of a drummer yet again, and to further complicate things, Mitani also followed suit to pursue his own personal interests.
The band returned in 2004 with bassist Takanobu Kimoto (formerly of Precious and Babylon, and later to join Saber Tiger and Emerald Aisles) and drummer Shoichi Takeoka for their 2004 self-titled EP and After the Double Cross album that same year. However, issues continued to surface, and Shima put the band on hiatus again to revive Double Dealer (keeping Kimoto in Mitani's place) and release two more albums in 2005's Fate & Destiny and 2007's Desert of Lost Souls, plus the 2005 live album Live in Osaka.
2007-2009: Rising from the ashes
After Double Dealer went on indefinite hiatus, Concerto Moon returned once again with 2008's Rise from Ashes. Replacing Takeoka was Masayuki Osada, Shima's old friend and bandmate from their Dior and Crystal Clear days (to make connections even more interesting, Osada has been Emerald Aisles' permanent drummer since 1998 when both he and Tetsuya Mitani left Moon Struck, and Osada and Inoue were in the band Blood IV in the mid-2000s, yielding two albums while Concerto Moon's activities were suspended). They had an opportunity to play in the United States for the first time, making their exclusive appearance at Bay Area Rock Festival in San Francisco, California.
Later that year, Shima released his first official solo album, From the Womb to the Tomb, which featured different singers and musicians (interestingly, Masatoshi "Sho" Ono would be featured, who was Yama-B's future replacement in Galneryus). Koike, too, had put out his only solo album titled Toshiyuki Koike's Exhibition, which was all-instrumental works with less guitars and more heavily into progressive rock styles (inspired by Emerson, Lake & Palmer).
In 2009, while touring in support of Rise from Ashes, Kimoto left the band, and Mitani had returned to fulfill his role on bass until a permanent replacement was decided on Toshiyuki Sugimori (who would later join D_Drive). Not only that, but Koike left the band that same year, leaving Concerto Moon without a permanent keyboard player for the time being (Blindman's keyboardist Hitoshi Endo would play on the band's subsequent albums).
2010-2015: Return to indie labels and parting ways with Inoue
In 2010, the band switched back to indie labels and debuted Angel of Chaos on Triumph Records, which would be their mainstay label until 2015. However, due to a personal family situation, Inoue had to leave Concerto Moon in 2011, playing his final show with the band earlier that year (featured on the live release Live for Today, Hope for Tomorrow). Atsushi Kuze from Screaming Symphony was chosen as Inoue's replacement, and the band returned right away with the release of Savior Never Cry, which continued in the more abrasive style that Angel of Chaos had exhibited, forcing Shima to use more of his guitars to replace the parts that would've been played by a keyboardist. That was the result of Concerto Moon functioning as a four-piece, although they had live support for keyboards as the decade was unfolding.
In 2012, Sugimori left the band, and once again Mitani returned to play in support for the next two years, having laid down his tracks on 2013's Black Flame and touring throughout 2014 in support of the album. Aki joined as the band's next keyboardist. However, due to personal life situations, Osada left the band and was replaced by Atsushi "Tora" Kawatsuka, the former drummer of the band Onmyo-za. As well, Shigeharu Nakayasu joined on the bass. Both Kawatsuka and Nakayasu remain current members of Concerto Moon.
In 2015, with the line-up restructured once more, the band switched from Triumph Records and released Between Life and Death on Katsusa Planning. This marked a more direct return to keyboards in Concerto Moon (although Black Flame had significant keyboard-laden tracks, as well).
2016-2018: Tears of Messiah and another singer leaves
In 2017, the band was signed to Walküre Records. While preparing for their next album, Aki was arrested for fraud, which led Shima and the rest of the band to fire him. This led to hiring Terra Rosa keyboardist Masashi Okagaki to handle that duty on Tears of Messiah. For subsequent live performances, the band took in Ryo Miyake of Demon's Eye for support. In early 2018, Kuze announced that he would be leaving Concerto Moon, after seven years in the band. After playing his final live shows with Concerto Moon, Kuze bid the band farewell and continued on with visual kei power metal band Jupiter.
In the summer of 2018, Shima announced Concerto Moon's new line-up (and concurrent to this day). Valthus singer Wataru Haga was officially made the next Concerto Moon frontman, and Miyake's status from live support was upgraded to permanent band member. The band continued touring with this new line-up to promote their new sound.
2019-present: Returning to the early roots with Ouroboros and Rain Fire
With the ongoing support of Walküre Records, Concerto Moon decided to re-record songs from their first six albums. Due to Haga's vocal style closely resembling Ozaki's, Shima wanted to take Concerto Moon back to their early years when they were melodic and less heavy. In 2019, the band released Ouroboros, and with it came a music video for "Change My Heart" (one of the band's earliest songs).
In 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the band was forced to suspend live activities, but they continued to collaborate on the making of the successor to Tears of Messiah. In December 2020, the band released Rain Fire, which consists of all original songs composed to match both Haga and Miyake in style. In 2021, as the pandemic was calming down awhile, the band started playing more shows again, and they released the EP Waiting for You during the summer.
In 2022, Concerto Moon played shows in celebration of twenty-five years since Fragments of the Moon was released, and in 2023, they gave From Father to Son the same treatment.
Members
Current
Norifumi Shima – guitar (1996– )
Shigeharu Nakayasu – bass (2015– )
Atsushi Kawatsuka – drums (2015– )
Wataru Haga – vocals (2018– )
Ryo Miyake – keyboards (2018– )
Former
Takao Ozaki – vocals (1996–1999)
Osamu Harada – keyboards (1996–1997)
Nobuho Yoshioka – drums (1996)
Kohsaku Mitani – bass (1996–2003, 2009 & 2012–2014 as support member)
Ichiro Nagai – drums (1997–2001)
Toshiyuki Koike – keyboards (1998–2009)
Takashi Inoue – vocals (2000–2011)
Junichi Sato – drums (2001–2004)
Takanobu Kimoto – bass (2003–2009)
Shoichi Takeoka – drums (2004)
Masayuki Osada – drums (2007–2015)
Toshiyuki Sugimori – bass (2009–2012)
Aki – keyboards (2013–2014 as support member, 2015–2017)
Atsushi Kuze – vocals (2011–2018)
Timeline
Discography
Studio albums
Fragments of the Moon (1997)
From Father to Son (1998)
Rain Forest (1999)
Gate of Triumph (2001)
Destruction and Creation (self-cover album, 2002)
Life on the Wire (2003)
After the Double Cross (2004)
Decade of the Moon (Boxed set, 2008)
Rise from Ashes (2008)
Angel of Chaos (2010)
Savior Never Cry (2011)
Black Flame (2013)
Between Life and Death (2015)
Tears of Messiah (2017)
Ouroboros (self-cover album, 2019)
Rain Fire (2020)
EPs
Time to Die (1999)
Concerto Moon (2004)
Live and Rare (2014)
Waiting for You (2021)
Live albums
Live Concerto (1997)
The End of the Beginning (1999)
Live: Once in a Life Time (2003)
Live for Today, Hope for Tomorrow (2011)
Prologue to Messiah Tour 2017 (2018)
Videos
Live Concerto: The Movie (VHS, 1998) (DVD, 2008)
Live The End of the Beginning (VHS, 2000) (DVD, 2003)
Live: Once in a Life Time (DVD, 2003)
Live from Ashes (DVD, 2009)
Savior Never Cry Tour 2011 (DVD, 2011)
Attack of the Double Axemen Vol. 2 (DVD, 2012)
Between Life and Death Tour 2015 (DVD, 2015)
Prologue to Messiah Tour 2017 (DVD, 2018)
Road to Ouroboros〜Live Compilation 2019 Spring〜 (DVD, 2019)
Rain Fire Tour 2021 (DVD, 2022)
References
External links
Japanese power metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 1996
Musical groups from Kanagawa Prefecture |
Judah Ha-Levi is a crater on Mercury. Its name was adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) in 1976. Judah Ha-Levi is named for the Spanish-Jewish poet and philosopher Judah Ha-Levi, who lived from 1075 to 1141.
Hollows are present within Judah Ha-Levi.
To the southeast of Judah Ha-Levi is the peak ring crater Wang Meng. To the northwest is Glinka, and to the northeast is Chiang Kʽui.
References
Impact craters on Mercury |
Jack Clifford (November 26, 1918 – May 12, 2001) was an American film and television actor.
Cliff was born in Swainsboro, Georgia, where his father was running a minstrel show, He moved to California, where worked as a laborer in film studios. In California Cliff learned to fly and obtained a flight instructor’s licence, but his plans to go into business as an instructor were interrupted by World War II. During the war he served in the United States Army Air Force, reaching the rank of captain. He wanted to work as a pilot in commercial aviation but was turned down because he did not have a college degree.
Cliff began his acting career in 1949 in the film Fighting Man of the Plains. His film appearances included Frenchie (1950), Best of the Badmen (1951), Siege at Red River (1954), The Second Greatest Sex (1955), The Fastest Gun Alive (1956), The Midnight Story (1957), Period of Adjustment and Never a Dull Moment (1968). His television appearances included Wagon Train, 77 Sunset Strip, Tales of Wells Fargo, Maverick, The Life and Legend of Wyatt Earp, Bat Masterson, The Man from U.N.C.L.E., The Virginian, The Deputy, Man with a Camera and Perry Mason.
Cliff retired from acting in the 1970s, last appearing in the action and adventure television series Kung Fu, and worked as a real estate agent until 1986. He died in May 2001 of cancer in Hayward, California, at the age of 82.
Filmography
1970 : The Virginian saison 08 episode 18 : (Train of darkness) : Train engineer
References
External links
Rotten Tomatoes profile
1918 births
2001 deaths
People from Swainsboro, Georgia
Male actors from Georgia (U.S. state)
Deaths from cancer in California
American male film actors
American male television actors
20th-century American male actors
American real estate businesspeople
American real estate brokers |
```go
//
// path_to_url
//
// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
package writev2
import "github.com/prometheus/prometheus/model/labels"
// SymbolsTable implements table for easy symbol use.
type SymbolsTable struct {
strings []string
symbolsMap map[string]uint32
}
// NewSymbolTable returns a symbol table.
func NewSymbolTable() SymbolsTable {
return SymbolsTable{
// Empty string is required as a first element.
symbolsMap: map[string]uint32{"": 0},
strings: []string{""},
}
}
// Symbolize adds (if not added before) a string to the symbols table,
// while returning its reference number.
func (t *SymbolsTable) Symbolize(str string) uint32 {
if ref, ok := t.symbolsMap[str]; ok {
return ref
}
ref := uint32(len(t.strings))
t.strings = append(t.strings, str)
t.symbolsMap[str] = ref
return ref
}
// SymbolizeLabels symbolize Prometheus labels.
func (t *SymbolsTable) SymbolizeLabels(lbls labels.Labels, buf []uint32) []uint32 {
result := buf[:0]
lbls.Range(func(l labels.Label) {
off := t.Symbolize(l.Name)
result = append(result, off)
off = t.Symbolize(l.Value)
result = append(result, off)
})
return result
}
// Symbols returns computes symbols table to put in e.g. Request.Symbols.
// As per spec, order does not matter.
func (t *SymbolsTable) Symbols() []string {
return t.strings
}
// Reset clears symbols table.
func (t *SymbolsTable) Reset() {
// NOTE: Make sure to keep empty symbol.
t.strings = t.strings[:1]
for k := range t.symbolsMap {
if k == "" {
continue
}
delete(t.symbolsMap, k)
}
}
// desymbolizeLabels decodes label references, with given symbols to labels.
func desymbolizeLabels(b *labels.ScratchBuilder, labelRefs []uint32, symbols []string) labels.Labels {
b.Reset()
for i := 0; i < len(labelRefs); i += 2 {
b.Add(symbols[labelRefs[i]], symbols[labelRefs[i+1]])
}
b.Sort()
return b.Labels()
}
``` |
George Austin (fl. 1780s) was one of two gardeners trained at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in London and sent by Joseph Banks to care for plants on a voyage to the British colony in New Holland (Australia) in 1789.
Mission to Australia
Together with fellow gardener James Smith, Austin travelled on the storeship carrying supplies to the new colony as a follow-up to the ships of the First Fleet which had arrived at Botany Bay in January 1788. The vessel was specially fitted out to carry agricultural crops to the new colony and the two gardeners were to care for the plants during the voyage.
Joseph Banks was a wealthy and influential botanist who planned much of the ship's cargo. He had designed and paid for construction of a ‘special plant-cabin’ to protect the more fragile plants from wind and salt spray. The Guardian’s quarter-deck was crowded with over 100 boxes and tubs of trees, bulbs, plants and seedlings, at least some of which supplied by Hugh Ronalds, a nurseryman in Brentford. Special racks were made for the pots.
Banks gave the gardeners strict and extensive instructions concerning the care of the plants and even encouraging them to avoid drunkenness. Upon arrival the gardeners were to then collect seed and live plants for return to Banks and Kew Gardens. They were to train a sailor to care for the plants on this return journey as they were to stay in the colony. They were also ordered to collect plants and seed only for Banks and Kew. Supplying collections to others could be a lucrative business and, it seems, Austin in defiance of Banks had promised to collect seed for nurserymen in England. Austin tried to persuade Smith to join his scheme but Smith wrote to Banks to tell him of Austin's plans. All to be of no consequence as it turned out.
Voyage
The Guardian under the command of Lieutenant Edward Riou set sail from Spithead on 8 September 1789, and had an uneventful voyage to the Cape of Good Hope, arriving on 24 November 1789 loaded with provisions, farm machinery, agricultural crops and livestock to a value of some £70,000, together with convicts and their overseers. Here at the Cape the ship took on more provisions, plants and convicts. On Christmas Eve, twelve days after his departure from the Cape, and with the animals and plants making heavy demands on the ship's water supply, the sighting of an iceberg was an opportunity to collect fresh water. In poor weather conditions the ship collided with the iceberg, was badly damaged and, being in danger of sinking, Riou allowed most of the crew to take to the Guardians boats, Austin and Smith being among those that took to boats that were never seen again. Riou managed to struggle back to the Cape taking nine weeks and here the ship was run aground to prevent her sinking, only to be wrecked during a hurricane. The remains were sold in 1790. Riou survived this event only to be killed by round shot at the Battle of Copenhagen on 2 April 1801.
See also
List of gardener-botanist explorers of the Enlightenment
References
Bibliography
1789 deaths
Explorers of Australia
English gardeners
English emigrants to colonial Australia
Convictism in Australia
History of New South Wales
Maritime history of Australia
Year of birth missing |
Tatai Toak is a populated place situated in Pima County, Arizona, United States. The small village is located on the San Xavier Indian Reservation, and its name is derived from the O'odham for "roadrunner mountain". Historically, it has also been known as Road Runner Village, Perigua, and Tatria Toak. The name officially became Tatia Toak by a decision of the Board on Geographic Names in 1964. It has an estimated elevation of above sea level.
References
Populated places in Pima County, Arizona |
Did Jesus Exist? The Historical Argument for Jesus of Nazareth is a 2012 book by Bart D. Ehrman, a scholar of the New Testament. In this book, written to counter the idea that there was never such a person as Jesus of Nazareth at all, Ehrman sets out to demonstrate the historical evidence for Jesus' existence, and he aims to state why all experts in the area agree that "whatever else you may think about Jesus, he certainly did exist."
Ehrman examines the historicity of Jesus and includes some criticism of Christ mythicists. As he does in other works such as Forged and Jesus, Interrupted, he disregards an apologetics-based or otherwise religiously-charged approach to aim at looking at the New Testament using historical-critical methodology. He argues that a specific historical Jesus really existed in the 1st century AD. Even as accounts about that figure later on brought in additional misinformation and legendary stories, Ehrman states, multiple reasons still remain to see things as framed around a flesh-and-blood actual person.
Arguments for existence
Ehrman surveys the arguments Christ mythicists have made against the existence of Jesus since the idea was first mooted at the end of the 18th century. To the objection that there are no contemporary Roman records of Jesus' existence, Ehrman points out that such records exist for almost no one and there are mentions of Christ in several Roman and Jewish works of history from only decades after the Crucifixion of Jesus, such as Josephus's Antiquities of the Jews and Tacitus's Annals. The author states that the authentic letters of the apostle Paul in the New Testament (which Ehrman believes are 1 Thessalonians, Galatians, 1 Corinthians, Philippians, Philemon, 2 Corinthian and Romans) were likely written within a few years of Jesus' death and that Paul likely personally knew James the Just and Peter the Apostle. Although the gospel accounts of Jesus' life may be biased and unreliable in many respects, Ehrman writes, they and the sources behind them which scholars have discerned still contain some accurate historical information. So many independent attestations of Jesus' existence, Ehrman says, are actually "astounding for an ancient figure of any kind".
Ehrman dismisses the idea that the story of Jesus is an invention based on pagan myths of dying-and-rising gods, maintaining that the early Christians were primarily influenced by Jewish ideas, not Greek or Roman ones, and repeatedly underlining that the idea that there was never such a person as Jesus is not seriously considered by historians or experts in the field at all.
Many specific points by Ehrman concentrate on what may be regarded as the 'embarrassments' and 'failures' of the various depictions of Jesus Christ found in the gospels and the works of Paul which point to an account based on a real person, which was embellished, rather than a made-up figure. He notes that Jews in the first century AD expected their Messiah to come from Bethlehem, and Jesus is described as growing up in Nazareth, a dilemma that is simply not addressed in the Gospel of Mark (which has no nativity account) even though it is regarded as the earliest gospel. The betrayal of Jesus by Judas is another example, as critics of early Christianity found it strange that the Messiah would display the lack of personal awareness and foresight even to keep his close followers in line. Ehrman states that such things would make sense for a historical Jesus, who multiple people believed to have grown up, lived, and died in a certain time and place, as opposed to a purely-mythological figure with malleable personal details.
Criticism of mythicists
Ehrman, who was a fundamentalist Christian before becoming an agnostic atheist, has written numerous books challenging traditional views of the Bible himself. Did Jesus Exist?, however, contains scathing criticism of the "writers, bloggers and Internet junkies who call themselves mythicists". Ehrman says that they do not define what they mean by "myth" and maintains they are really motivated by a desire to denounce religion rather than examine historical evidence. He discusses leading contemporary mythicists by name and dismisses their arguments as "amateurish", "wrong-headed", and "outlandish".
Reception
Speaking with The Huffington Post, United Methodist pastor and biblical scholar Ben Witherington III (who is usually very critical of Ehrman's works) praised the book and thanked Ehrman for writing it. The Christian Science Monitor wrote that "His [Ehrman's] newest book has turned some of his perennial critics into fans, at least temporarily".
One of the mythicists who is criticized in Did Jesus Exist?, Richard Carrier, challenged many of the book's points on his blog, to which Ehrman responded on his own blog. Another scholar criticised in the book, Thomas L. Thompson, responded with the online article, Is This Not the Carpenter’s Son? A Response to Bart Ehrman, in which he rejects Ehrman's characterization of his views, stating that, contrarily to what Ehrman claims, he never denied the historicity of Jesus. However, Ehrman's positions were defended by New Testament scholar Maurice Casey, who dismissed Thompson's theories as "completely wrong from beginning to end".
New Testament scholar R. Joseph Hoffmann, who has repeatedly criticized supporters of the Christ Myth Theory, nevertheless called the book "exceptionally disappointing and not an adequate rejoinder to the routinely absurd ideas of the Jesus-deniers."
British New Testament scholar Maurice Casey praised Ehrman's book, but also stated that it contains "a small number of regrettable mistakes, grossly exaggerated by mythicists". He therefore proceeded to write a book against the mythicist position himself, called Jesus: Evidence and Argument or Mythicist Myths?.
In response, in 2021, Jesus mythicists John W. Loftus and Robert M. Price published an anthology called Varieties of Jesus Mythicism: Did He Even Exist? that included a chapter addressing Ehrman's case for historicity.
See also
History of early Christianity
The Christ Conspiracy: The Greatest Story Ever Sold
The Jesus Mysteries
References
2012 non-fiction books
Books about Jesus
Books by Bart D. Ehrman
Works about the Christ myth theory
English-language books
HarperCollins books |
Bullet is a physics engine which simulates collision detection as well as soft and rigid body dynamics. It has been used in video games and for visual effects in movies. Erwin Coumans, its main author, won a Scientific and Technical Academy Award for his work on Bullet. He worked for Sony Computer Entertainment US R&D from 2003 until 2010, for AMD until 2014, for Google until 2022 and he now works for Nvidia.
The Bullet physics library is free and open-source software subject to the terms of the zlib License. The source code is hosted on GitHub; before 2014 it was hosted on Google Code.
Features
Rigid body and soft body simulation with discrete and continuous collision detection
Collision shapes include: sphere, box, cylinder, cone, convex hull using GJK, non-convex and triangle mesh
Soft body support: cloth, rope and deformable objects
A rich set of rigid body and soft body constraints with constraint limits and motors
Plugins for Maya, Softimage, integrated into Houdini, Cinema 4D, LightWave 3D, Blender, Godot, and Poser
Import of COLLADA 1.4 physics content
Optional optimizations for PlayStation 3 Cell SPU, CUDA and OpenCL
The Bullet website also hosts a Physics Forum for general discussion around physics simulation for games and animation.
At AMD Developer Summit (APU) in November 2013 Erwin Coumans presented the Bullet 3 OpenCL Rigid Body Simulation.
References
External links
Pybullet Python bindings for Bullet, with support for Reinforcement Learning and Robotics Simulation
Computer physics engines
Software using the zlib license |
The American Journal of Enology and Viticulture (AJEV) is the official journal of the American Society for Enology and Viticulture (ASEV) and is dedicated to scientific research on winemaking and grapegrowing. AJEV is a hybrid, online-based journal that publishes text or video-based research reports, reviews, insights, technical reports, and letters that span the disciplines of enology and viticulture and related fields such as biochemistry, biocontrol, chemistry, ecology, economics, engineering, management sociology, microbiology, pest management, plant biology, plant genetics, plant pathology, plant physiology, sensory and consumer sciences, soil science, waste management, and other applicable areas. All contributions are peer-reviewed, and authorship is not limited to members of ASEV. AJEV is published on a continuous basis, as contributions are accepted. Open-access contributions are published under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license. The science editor, along with the viticulture, enology, and associate editors, are drawn from academic and research institutions worldwide and guide the content of AJEV. According to the Journal Citation Reports by Clarivate, AJEV has a 2023 impact factor of 1.9.
AJEV was first published in 1950 as a single proceedings volume by the American Society of Enologists, founded by a group of University of California researchers and California winemakers, with further yearly proceedings published in 1951 to 1953. In 1954, the first issue of the American Journal of Enology was published and in 1955, quarterly publication began. The Journal was renamed the American Journal of Enology and Viticulture in 1966. The Society was renamed the American Society for Enology and Viticulture in 1984.
External links
Academic journals established in 1950
English-language journals
Quarterly journals
Agricultural journals
1950 establishments in the United States
Academic journals published by learned and professional societies of the United States |
Walukagga Shafik (born 10 January 1996), is a Ugandan rapper better known by his stage name Fik Fameica a.k.a. Fresh Bwoy, King kong.He makes music in genres like rap, hiphop, afrobeat and afropop .His musical debut came in 2015 with "Pistol" under the Black Man Town music label, led by a Ugandan music icon Geosteady. His later songs, "Salawo" and "Mbega Wa Bbaala" gained him a recording contract with Kama Ivien Management. His club hit "Batuwulira" followed by "Byenyenya" made him the most booked Ugandan artist in 2017. Fik won awards in Uganda and East Africa and went on to win Uganda's most popular artist in 2017. In 2018, he was crowned Breakthrough Artist, Best in Hip-Hop and Best Rap Song for his track "Kutama" at the annual HiPipo Awards.
He continued with club hits, including "Mafia", "Property", "Sconto" and "Tonsukuma". In 2019, he paired up with Nigerian superstar Patoranking for hit song "Omu Bwati"'. started a recording label called Fresh Gang Records in 2019 where they signed various artists like Mozelo Kidz, local managers like Big Sam and official dancers like Wembley Mo, & DJ Ranks Showmaster. Under this group he has released his later songs "Muko", "Tevunya" (featuring Sheebah), (Stupid) "Ndi Byange"(Buligita) and so on.
Discography
{| class="wikitable"
|+songs
!song Title
!Year
|-
|Pistol
|2015
|-
|Kutama
|2017
|-
|Byenyenya
|2017
|-
|Kachima
|2017
|-
|Sitani Tonkema Ft. Sheebah Karungi
|2017
|-
|Sconto
|2018
|-
|My property
|2018
|-
|Tonsukuma
|2018
|-
|Tubikole Ft. Vinka
|2018
|-
|Mwaga Ft. Rayvanny
|2018
|-
|Am Different
|2019
|-
|Wansakata
|2019
|-
|Tell me
|2019
|-
|Muko
|2020
Recognition
Fameica received his first international nomination with Khaligraph Jones Sarkodie in the 2018 Nigeria Entertainment Awards in the category of Best Male Artist Non-Nigerian/Africa.
ZINNA Awards 2018
|-
|2018
|Fameica
|Artist of the Year
|
|-
|2018
|Fameica
|Breakthrough Artist of the Year
|
|-
Buzz Teeniez Awards 2018
|-
|2018
|Fameica
|Teeniez Male Artist of the Year
|
|-
|2018
|Fameica
|Top Hood Rapper
|
|-
HiPipo Music Awards 2018
|-
|2018
|Fameica
|Breakthrough Artist of the Year
|
|-
|2018
|Kutama
|Best Hip Hop/Rap Song
|
|-
|2018
|Sitani Tonkema
|Best AfroBeat Song
2021
Best LugaFlow/Rap Song • Buligita – Fik Fameica (Winner)
Best LugaFlow/Rap Artist • Fik Fameica (Winner
2022
Best Fans Team. Winner
Best LugaFlow/Rap Song. Winner
|-
References
1996 births
Living people
Ugandan rappers
Ugandan musicians |
The Childballads was a indie rock project led by singer, lyricist, and poet Stewart Lupton, best known as the former lead singer of Jonathan Fire*Eater.
After the breakup of Jonathan Fire*Eater, Lupton studied poetry at George Washington University—concentrating mainly on the High Middle Ages and Modernism—reconnecting with his early passion for literature.The band name derived from the Child Ballads, a collection of 305 ballads from Scotland and England put together by Francis James Child in the late 19th century.
The Childballads' sound was reminiscent of Royal Trux—a band that Lupton cites as an influence—and their musical performances are interspersed with recitations of poetry. For example, in a solo gig at the Luna Lounge, Lupton read from John Ashbery. Traces of Ashbery can be found in Lupton's poetry and lyrics, as can be elements of Eliot and Dante. Similarly, in 2007, Lupton read from, and sang about, Lord Byron.
The project toured Paris and London and was an opening act for Cat Power.
Stewart Lupton died on May 28, 2018, at the age of 43.
Discography
Cheekbone Hollows EP (Gypsy Eyes Records, 2006)
References
http://www.thestoolpigeon.com/interviews/childballade.html
https://pitchfork.com/reviews/albums/12037-cheekbone-hollows/
https://www.discogs.com/artist/2168610-The-Child-Ballads
https://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-childballads-mn0000990415/biography
External links
Stewart Lupton live dc sessions brightest young things
Indie rock musical groups from New York (state)
Musical groups from New York City |
The wild Bactrian camel (Camelus ferus) is a critically endangered species of camel living in parts of northwestern China and southwestern Mongolia. It is closely related to the domestic Bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus). Both are large, double-humped even-toed ungulates native to the steppes of central Asia. Until recently, wild Bactrian camels were thought to have descended from domesticated Bactrian camels that became feral after being released into the wild. However, genetic studies have established it as a separate species which diverged from the Bactrian camel about 1.1 million years ago.
Currently, only about 1,000 wild Bactrian camels are living in the wild. Most live on the Lop Nur Wild Camel National Nature Reserve in China, and a smaller population lives in the Great Gobi A Strictly Protected Area in Mongolia. There are also populations in the Altun Shan Wild Camel Nature Reserve (1986) in Qakilik County, in the Aksai Annanba Nature Reserve (1992), and in Dunhuang Wanyaodun Nature Reserve (now Dunhuang Xihu Wild Camel Nature Reserve) contiguous with the reserve in Qakilik (2001) and a reserve in Mazongshan contiguous with the reserve in Mongolia, all in China.
Name
C. bactrianus is named after Bactria, a region in ancient central Asia. where the Bactrian camel was domesticated. The wild Bactrian camel (C. ferus) and the domestic Bactrian camel (C. bactrianus) are separate species.
Description
Wild Bactrian camels have long, narrow slit-like nostrils, a double row of long thick eyelashes, and ears with hairs that provide protection against desert sandstorms. They have tough undivided soles with two large toes that spread wide apart, and a horny layer which enables them to walk on rough and hot stony or sandy terrain. Their thick and shaggy body hair changes colour to light brown or beige during winter.
Like its close relative, the domesticated Bactrian camel, it is one of the few mammals able to eat snow to provide itself with liquids in the winter. While the legend that camels store water in their humps is a misconception, they are adapted to conserve water. However, long periods without water will result in a deterioration of the animal's health.
Differences from domestic Bactrian camels
Wild Bactrian camels (Camelus ferus) appear similar to domesticated Bactrian camels (Camelus bactrianus) but the outstanding difference is genetic, with the two species having descended from two distinct ancestors.
There are several differences in size and shape between the two species. The wild Bactrian camel is slightly smaller than the domestic Bactrian camel and has been described as "lithe, and slender-legged, with very narrow feet and a body that looks laterally compressed." The humps of the wild Bactrian camel are smaller, lower, and more conical in shape than those of the domestic Bactrian camel. These humps may often be about half the size of those of a domesticated Bactrian camel. The wild Bactrian camel has a different shape of foot and a flatter skull (the Mongolian name for a wild Bactrian camel, havtagai, means "flat-head").
The wool of the wild Bactrian camel is always sandy coloured and shorter and sparser than that of domestic Bactrian camels.
The wild Bactrian camel can also survive on water saltier than seawater, something which probably no other mammal in the world can tolerate – including the domesticated Bactrian camel.
Behaviour
Wild Bactrian camels generally move in groups of up to 30 individuals, although 6 to 20 is more common depending on the amount of food available. They are fully migratory and widely scattered with a population density as low as 5 per 100 km2. They travel with a single adult male in the lead and assemble near water points where larger groups can also be seen. Their lifespan is about 40 years and they breed during winter with an overlap into the rainy season. Females produce offspring starting at age 5, and thereafter in a cycle of 2 years. Typically, wild Bactrian camels seen alone are postdispersal young individuals which have just reached sexual maturity.
Distribution and habitat
Their habitat is in arid plains and hills where water sources are scarce and very little vegetation exists with shrubs as their main food source. These habitats have widely varying temperatures: the summer temperature ranges from and winter temperature a low of .
Wild Bactrian camels travel over long distances, seeking water in places close to mountains where springs are found, and hill slopes covered in snow provide some moisture in winter. The size of a herd may vary up to 100 camels but generally consists of 2–15 members in a group; this is reported to be due to arid environment and heavy poaching. The wild Bactrian camels are limited to three pockets in northwest China and some in southwest Mongolia. China spotted 39, and estimated that there were 600-650 camels in Altun Shan-Lop Nur reserves combined, in late 2018, with 48 spotted in Dunhuang reserve in 2018. At the Dunhuang and Mazongshan reserves, it had been estimated that one hundred camels exist per reserve, and for the Aksai reserve, it was estimated that there are nearly 200, according to an earlier estimation. In Mongolia, their population was about 800 in 2012.
In ancient times, wild Bactrian camels were seen from the great bend of the Yellow River extending west to the Inner Mongolian deserts and further to Northwest China and central Kazakhstan. In the 1800s, due to hunting for its meat and hide, its presence was noted in remote areas of the Taklamakan, Kumtag and Gobi deserts in China and Mongolia. In the 1920s, only remnant populations were recorded in Mongolia and China.
In 1964, China began testing nuclear weapons at Lop Nur, home to many of the wild Bactrian camels. The camels experienced no apparent ill effects from the radiation and continued to breed naturally. Instead, their habitat became a restricted military zone where human activity was kept to a minimum. After China signed the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty in 1996, the camels were reclassified as an endangered species on the IUCN Red List. Since then, human incursions into the area have caused a sharp drop in the camel population. The extant habitat of the wild camels has been further disturbed by newly constructed roads and exploitation of oil fields. In addition, a border fence between China and Mongolia prevents the camels from migrating between the Chinese and Mongolian populations. A 2013 study confirmed at least 382 wild camels in China. The total population within the Chinese nature reserves is estimated to be between 640 and 740.
Status
The wild Bactrian camel has been classified as Critically Endangered since 2002. The United Kingdom-based Wild Camel Protection Foundation (WCPF) estimates that there are only about 950 of them left in the world and its current population trend is still decreasing. The London Zoological Society recognizes it as the eighth most endangered large mammal in the world, and it is on the critically endangered list. The wild Bactrian camel was identified as one of the top ten "focal species" in 2007 by the Evolutionarily Distinct and Globally Endangered (EDGE) project, which prioritises unique and threatened species for conservation.[29]
Observations made during five field expeditions starting in 1993 by John Hare and the WCPF suggest that the surviving populations may be facing an 80% decline within the next 30 years. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN) its status was critical in the 1960s and gradually declined to critically endangered (Criteria: A3de + 4ade) status in 2000–2004 (IUCN 2004).
Threats
Camels face various threats including poaching, climate change, being hunted, and human encroachment into their habitat. In the Gobi Reserve Area, 25 to 30 camels are reported to be poached every year, and about 20 in the Lop Nur Reserve. Hunters kill the camels by laying land mines in the salt water springs where the camels drink. Other threats include scarcity of access to water such as oases, attacks by wolves, hybridization with domestic Bactrians leading to a concern of a loss of genetically distinct populations or infertile individuals which could potentially ward off viable bulls from a large number of females during their lifetimes, toxic effluent releases from illegal mining, re-designation of wildlife areas as industrial zones, and sharing grazing areas with domestic animals. Due to increasing human populations, wild Bactrian camels that migrate in search of grazing land may compete for food and water sources with introduced domestic stock and are sometimes shot by farmers.
The only extant predators that regularly target wild Bactrian camels are wolves, which have been seen to pursue weaker and weather-battered camels as they try to reach oases. Due to increasingly dry conditions in the species' range, the numbers of cases of wolf predation on wild Bactrian camels at oases has reportedly increased.
Conservation
Several actions have been initiated by the governments of China and Mongolia to conserve this species, including ecosystem-based management. Two programmes instituted in this respect are the Great Gobi Reserve A in Mongolia, set up in 1982; and the Lop Nur Wild Camel National Nature Reserve in China, established in 2000.
The Wild Camel Protection Foundation, the only such charity of its kind, has as its main goal conservation of the wild in its natural desert environment to ensure that their status does not transition to Extinct in the Wild. The actions taken by the various organizations, motivated and supported by IUCN and WCPF, include establishment of more nature reserves (in China and Mongolia) for their conservation, and breeding them in captivity (as captive females may calve twice every two years, which may not happen in the wild) to prevent extinction. The captive breeding initiated by WCPF in 2003 is the Zakhyn-Us Sanctuary in Mongolia, where the initial programme of breeding the last non-hybridised herds of wild Bactrian camels has proved a success, with the birth of several viable calves.
The wild Bactrian camel was considered for introduction at Pleistocene Park in Northern Siberia, as a proxy for extinct Pleistocene camel species. If this had proved feasible, it would have increased their geographic range considerably, adding a safety margin to their survival. In 2021 however, domesticated Bactrian camels were introduced to the park instead.
See also
Dromedary
Camelus bactrianus, domestic Bactrian camel
List of animals with humps
Notes
References
External links
Wild Camel Protection Foundation
Planet Earth: "Deserts" shows footage of wild Bactrian camels from a two-month trek in the Gobi desert. It includes a "diary" section, explaining the difficulties in obtaining the footage.
Journalist Aaron Sneddon Bactrian Camels at the Highland Wildlife Park Scotland
Video showing Wild Bactrian camels eating snow.
Camels
Mammals of Mongolia
Mammals of China
Gobi Desert
EDGE species
Critically endangered animals
Critically endangered biota of Asia
Mammals described in 1878
Taxa named by Nikolay Przhevalsky
Critically endangered fauna of China |
Kapena is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Jonah Kapena (died 1868), royal advisor and statesman of the Kingdom of Hawaii
John Mākini Kapena (1843–1887), politician, diplomat, and newspaper editor of the Kingdom of Hawaii |
Miķelis Lībietis and Dennis Novikov were the defending champions but only Lībietis chose to defend his title, partnering Tennys Sandgren. Lībietis lost in the first round to Sam Barry and Peter Kobelt.
David O'Hare and Joe Salisbury won the title after defeating Luke Bambridge and Cameron Norrie 6–3, 6–4 in the final.
Seeds
Draw
References
External links
Main draw
Columbus Challenger 2 - Doubles
Columbus Challenger |
The Baptist Convention of Pennsylvania/South Jersey (BSCM), doing business as Baptist Resource Network of Pennsylvania/South Jersey, is a group of churches affiliated with the Southern Baptist Convention located in the U.S. states of Pennsylvania and New Jersey. Headquartered in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, the convention is made up of around 315 churches as of 2020.
Affiliated organizations
Penn-Jersey Baptist - the state newspaper
References
External links
Baptist Resource Network of Pennsylvania/South Jersey
Protestantism in Pennsylvania
Baptist Christianity in New Jersey
Conventions associated with the Southern Baptist Convention |
Lee and Herring was a British radio series broadcast on BBC Radio 1 in 1994 and 1995, named after the comedy double act who hosted it, Lee and Herring.
The show ran for three series and a total of nineteen hour-long episodes. It followed on from their previous Radio 1 series, Fist of Fun, and was one of a number of comedy and music shows being produced for Radio 1 at the time: other notable examples being shows hosted by Chris Morris and Armando Iannucci. The fact that the bulk of the show was live, and to some extent unscripted, gave the programmes a more relaxed feel, with the presenters somewhere in between their genuine personalities and the comic personas adopted for their act. The show was produced by Chris Neill, Sarah Smith and Kathy Smith.
The series served as a testing ground for new ideas, and many of the characters and items introduced in the series were adapted for later television projects. Lee and Herring were keen to pursue a fourth series, but Radio 1 ceased its comedy output at the beginning of 1997.
Presenters
Ostensibly the straight-man of the pair, Lee's character was that of a passive, sarcastic and often pretentious curmudgeon. He also provided a great deal of the music for the programmes (as the show was made by the Light Entertainment department, and the duo had to bring in their own records), and his rather idiosyncratic tastes made for some interesting musical interludes.
In contrast to his comic partner, Herring's persona was that of a cheerful, optimistic and naive character. He apparently contributed less music to the show, but occasionally poured scorn over Lee's odder musical selections.
Regular contributors
Peter Baynham reprised his tragic comic persona, first heard in Fist of Fun, for the new series. Portrayed as a lonely, 30-year-old unemployable virgin living in a bedsit in Balham, he was an unlikely choice for 'lifestyle guru', and was continually bullied by Herring. In the later series, the character was renamed from 'Peter Baynham' to simply 'Peter'.
A longstanding Lee and Herring contributor, Kevin Eldon read out the Listings as well as playing numerous characters in sketches. At the end of the first series he was unmasked as a hair-obsessed alien and was killed by some Immac hair remover. He returned in the second series with little explanation and resumed his role. In the third series, he took on the persona of an apparently angry but mediocre anti-establishment comic, often denouncing the government as 'fascists', to the mockery of Lee and Herring.
Other Contributors
Rebecca Front provided character voices for recorded segments and also made some live appearances.
Ronni Ancona usually appeared live, and provided voices for some regular characters, and contributed to the Listings.
Sally Phillips made numerous live appearances throughout the third series, contributing to the Listings and playing some characters.
Alistair McGowan appeared in various sketches, notably impersonating such diverse figures as Prime Minister John Majors (sic) and Jesus Christ.
Peter Serafinowicz appeared in numerous recorded segments throughout the third series as various characters.
Mel Giedroyc, Sue Perkins, Ben Moor and Tom Binns made occasional appearances in sketches during the first series. Binns' hospital radio DJ character, Ivan Brackenbury, made an early appearance on one of the shows.
Roger Mann appeared in his own segment entitled Roger Mann: Europe's Scariest Man.
Danny O'Brien made a few appearances in the first series with a semi-regular feature about the Internet.
Annabel Giles was the duo's 'celebrity friend', who occasionally appeared as a special guest.
Regular Features
The Listings were traditionally read out by Kevin Eldon, sometimes with the assistance of one of the other regulars. They contained details of fictional events around the country that were so ridiculous as to be of interest to virtually nobody. The concept was first used in Lee and Herring's contributions to On The Hour, and would resurface in the Fist of Fun TV series and TMWRNJ.
Peter's Lifestyle Hints was a feature carried over from the radio version of Fist of Fun, and one that would continue into the TV version. Peter would contribute lifestyle hints that only served to underline the loneliness and tragedy of his life.
Simon Quinlank's Hobby Slot was a feature presented by the unstable character, Simon Quinlank, in which he detailed one of his many unusual hobbies. (See also 'Characters' below)
A Celebration of Mediocrity appeared throughout the first series, and was based around the rationale that, while great performers are lauded, and bad ones are mocked, mediocre performers were thus deserving of some vague, half-hearted appreciation. The feature gave suggestions on how to celebrate the mediocre output of such figures as Steve Guttenberg, William Makepeace Thackeray, Level 42 and, of course, Lee and Herring themselves.
Histor's Eye was a spoof children's educational TV series, "produced by Sky TV". The series featured two pirate crows, Histor and his dim sidekick Pliny, who each week travelled through time to a historical event. Pliny routinely peppered the dialogue with awful bird-related puns, going to increasingly extreme lengths to find an avian pun in each and every sentence uttered by Histor and the other characters. The other running joke of the segment was that Histor's commentary frequently had a xenophobic or right wing bias, with the rather sinister implication that the show was being used to influence the opinions of children. The segment appeared occasionally throughout the second and third series, and eventually transferred to television as part of TMWRNJ. Histor was played by Richard Herring, and Pliny was played by Stewart Lee.
Ian News, also known as I am Called Ian, I am, was a news bulletin aimed specifically at people called Ian. Supposedly this was part of a Radio 1 initiative called The News for Your Name, in which each listener would somehow hear a separate broadcast specific to their name. The presenters were the competent Ian Lewis (Herring) and the inept but opinionated Ian Ketterman (Lee). Composed mainly of minor stories about celebrities called Ian, the broadcasts also revealed a conflict in the world of people called Ian: that people with the spelling 'Iain' were hated and discriminated against by the 'Ian' majority. The Ian News made a brief appearance on television, in two short segments in the second series of Fist of Fun.
Roger Mann: Europe's Scariest Man featured Roger Mann reciting a ludicrous tale of the paranormal. Mann later featured in the first series of TMWRNJ as Roger Crowley.
An Internet Feature, hosted by Danny O'Brien, appeared irregularly throughout the first series. O'Brien described unusual articles he had found on the internet, and listeners were asked to send in examples that they had discovered.
Parables: the series featured a handful of spoof parables, most memorably a retelling of the Prodigal Son, which also transferred to television with Fist of Fun.
The Nation's Favourite Chew Bar was a typically odd feature during the second series. Listeners were invited to vote on their favourite and least favourite chew bars.
Hearts of Paper was a spoof of the Hearts of Gold awards and continued the theme of celebrating mediocre achievements. During the third series, listeners were invited to nominate their friends for doing vaguely admirable things, and the action judged most mediocre would be awarded a Heart of Paper.
Characters
Numerous fictional characters were introduced during the series, many of whom later transferred to television.
Simon Quinlank (Kevin Eldon): One of the most celebrated Lee and Herring characters was introduced in the very first show of the series. Quinlank was obsessed with doing hobbies, and each week he presented a short piece in which he described how to do one of them. However, he was clearly a very disturbed individual, and the hobbies described often involved criminal activities including vandalism, harassment, assault and arguably even murder. Quinlank despised 'nerds' - he made a point of belittling trainspotters and autograph hunters - but seemed oblivious to the fact that his dangerous obsessions placed him far further outside social norms than the subjects of his mockery. Indeed, as time went on, Quinlank became increasingly convinced of his own superiority, eventually proclaiming himself a God. The final radio installment revealed that Quinlank's personality was, in part, due to his overbearing, unloving and emotionless parents. The character transferred to television on Fist of Fun and the second series of TMWRNJ.
Rod Hull (Kevin Eldon): Based extremely loosely upon the children's entertainer of the same name, Rod Hull first appeared in series three, during a comically feeble anti-drugs campaign featuring minor celebrities who were totally unsuited to Radio 1's demographic. Kevin Eldon apparently had a cold that particular week, and instead of an accurate Rod Hull impersonation, he produced a shrill, shrieking caricature that bore virtually no relation to the real Rod Hull. The absurdity of the character caught on, and he returned in subsequent weeks as one of Richard Herring's 'celebrity friends'. During this time, questions were continually raised as to whether the character was the real Rod Hull, or just a deranged impostor. This evolved into the incarnation of the character seen in the second series of Fist of Fun, where The False Rod Hull is an insane impersonator claiming to be the man himself. The character also made a cameo appearance in the first series of TMWRNJ, and was to have become a regular in the second series, but this idea was dropped after the real Rod Hull died shortly before the series began.
Mr Kennedy (Stewart Lee) and Mr Harris (Richard Herring): Two very different but equally bad teachers. Mr Harris is dedicated and hard-working, but completely unable to control or win the respect of his pupils. Mr Kennedy, on the other hand, prides himself on winning their respect, but achieves very little else: his overtly anti-establishment method of teaching only results in his students failing their exams. The characters later appeared in Fist of Fun and TMWRNJ.
The Small Boy From the McCain's Oven Chip Ad (Ronni Ancona): Or, to give him his full title, The small boy from the McCain's Oven Chip ad who says "Most excellent" in a posh voice, when obviously it's only a cool thing to say if you're American and in the Bill and Ted films. This rather self explanatory character was inspired by a child actor who delivered the incongruous line in a contemporary advertisement, and was indicative of Lee and Herring's habit of seizing upon something utterly obscure and exaggerating it to absurdity. Like Rod Hull, the character appeared in Richard Herring's anti-drugs campaign, and was later shown to be one of his 'celebrity friends'.
Other characters based on real people and played by Kevin Eldon during the third series were Hunter from ITV's Gladiators (portrayed as slightly effeminate and obsessed with fairy cakes) and weatherman Fred Talbot (who discovered Atlantis after trying to sail his floating rubber weather map around the British Isles). He also played Peter's occasional - and incoherent - companion, The Old Man Who Drinks Medicine Outside Balham Tube Station.
Running gags
The teen soap opera Hollyoaks, which had recently started on Channel 4, was a constant target of ridicule. One show was introduced as The All New Lee and Herringoaks, in which the presenters were replaced with poorly acted teenage versions of themselves. The most-referenced character from the series was known simply as "The blonde girl from Hollyoaks who can't act very well, but looks quite attractive from certain angles".
The animosity between the duo and 'respected playwright Patrick Marber' led to some digs at Marber's expense.
The duo's dislike of political satire was often expressed. Lee and Herring had worked on the BBC Radio 4 satirical sketch show Week Ending, and harboured disdain for lazy satirists. Rory Bremner was often a subject for mockery. On the rare occasions that politics was mentioned, it was always done in a deliberately inept manner: John Major was consistently referred to as John Majors.
Transmission Dates
Series One (seven episodes): 19 July 1994 – 29 August 1994
Series Two (six episodes): 9 January 1995 – 13 February 1995
Series Three (six episodes): 15 November 1995 – 20 December 1995
External links
Stewart Lee's official website
Richard Herring's official website
FistofFun.net - Comprehensive Lee and Herring fansite - download all three Radio 1 Series.
BBC Radio comedy programmes
1994 radio programme debuts |
Sofia Asunción Claro (born in Santiago) is a Chilean-born classical harpist with a special interest in contemporary music. Since 1974, she has divided her time between Copenhagen, Denmark and Santiago, Chile.
Biography
Ms. Claro was introduced to the harp by her mother at the age of 8 and shortly after initiated her studies at the Conservatorio Nacional de Musica de la Universidad de Chile. In 1964 she moved to Germany to study with Ursula Lendrot at the Hochschule für Music in Munich, and in 1966 she was admitted as a national student to the Conservatoire National Supérieur in Paris where she studied until 1968 with Gérard Devos. She was then admitted to the Royal Danish Academy of Music finalizing her studies in 1979 with Inga Graae and making Copenhagen her residency.
Career
Since 1974, Claro has regularly given concerts across Scandinavia, Europe and Latin America as soloist with orchestra, in solo recitals, chamber music and in "Duo Claro" with Danish flutist Lars Graugaard. She performs the classical repertoire as well as contemporary music and she regularly holds master classes in connection with her concerts. Over the years she has developed close contact with several contemporary composers such as Nicola Sani, Fernando Garcia, Per Nørgård, Fausto Romitelli, Gustavo Becerra, Agostino Di Scipio and Åke Parmerud and she commissions and premieres a large body of works out of which more than 50 are dedicated to her. This has served to enhance not only the repertoire for acoustic harp but also for novel settings of harp and electronics, both with tape and with interactive computer, with several of these works becoming part of the harp's core repertoire.
In her Skonhed: En engel gik forbi, the Danish writer Dorthe Jørgensen mentions Sofia Asunción Claro with her album The Virtuoso Harp (1989) as one of the harpists who induces peacefulness at a time when stress has become an ailment on a par with cancer and heart disease. She appreciates her classical (rather than "fantasy") selection which contains works by the Russian composer Mikhail Glinka's "Variations on a Theme by Mozart" (1822) and "Pour le Tombeau d'Orphée" (1950) by the Dutch composer Marius Flothuis.
In preparing for the Second Festival of Contemporary Chilean Music in Europe, to be held in Copenhagen in 2003, in collaboration with the Cuban saxophonist Miguel Villafruela, Asunción Claro worked with several composers, including the Chilean saxophonist Miguel Villafruela and the Danish flautist Lars Graugaard. Chilean composers from different decades were selected to create works for the festival. They included Fernando García (1940s), Hernán Ramírez (1950s], and Eduardo Cáceres (1960s), Aliocha Solovera and Andrés Ferrari (1970s). Unfortunately, for various reasons the festival could not take place.
Asunción Claro has played in radio broadcasts on Danmarks Radio since 2010. While in Denmark, she has released works for harp and electronics on the Dacapo label, including a neo-romantic composition by to the lyrical "Song of Myself" by Sunleif Rasmussen. She was one of the highlighted artists in the 7 October 2006 – 14 January 2007 "Looking for Jerry" exhibit at the Silkeborg Bad Art Center in Denmark.
Selected list of commissions, with dedications
Solo with symphony orchestra, chamber orchestra and large ensemble
Gustavo Becerra: Concert for Harp and Orchestra (2001) - harp and orchestra
Lars Graugaard: The Hand, Unveiled (1996) - harp and orchestra
Jan Maegaard: Jeu Mosaîque (1995) - harp and orchestra
Fernando Garcia: Navegaciones (1990) - harp, flute and string orchestra
Lars Graugaard: Ophelia In The Garden (1989) - harp and string orchestra
Per Nørgaard: King, Queen and Ace (1989) - harp and sinfonietta
Chamber groups
Fernando Garcia: Horizon Carré (1996) - harp, soprano, flute, guitar
Jorge Arriagada: Suite Ruziana No. 1 (2001) - harp, flute, cello, guitar, piano
Aliocha Solovera: Silence, please (2001) - harp, flute, violin, cello, guitar, piano
Ib Nørholm: Lys og Skygge (1989) - harp, organ
Lars Graugaard: Five Ruba’iyat (1989) - harp, soprano, flute, guitar
Svend Hvidtfelt Nielsen: Katafalk (1989/90) - harp, organ
Hans Abrahamsen: Aria (1979) - harp, soprano, flute, cello, percussion
Solo and solo with electronics
Robert Rowe: Moon on one side, sun on the other (2007) - harp, tape
Kristine Burns: Nuage (2006) - harp, tape
Alejandro Guarello: Apra’r Bo (1999) - harp solo
Fausto Romitelli: Bad Trip Remix (1998) - harp, tape
Nicola Sani: Isola Seconda (1997) - harp, tape
Sunleif Rasmussen: The Song of a Child (1997) - harp, tape
Gabriel Valverde: El Silencio ya no es el Silencio (1996) - harp, tape
Lars Graugaard: Incrustations (1993–94) - harp, tape
Åke Parmerud: String & Shadows (1993) - harp, tape
Agostino Di Scipio: Some Strings Quiet, Some strings cry (1993) - harp, tape
Ivar Frounberg: Worlds Apart (1993) - harp, tape
Axel Borup-Jørgensen: Piece en Concert (1993) - harp solo
Per Nørgård: The colour is dark (1989) - harp solo
Erik Jørgensen: Music for Harp (1988) - harp solo
Selected discography
J.S. Bach, Pescetti, Hindemith, Barfoed; Four Sonatas for the Harp (recital for solo harp); LP, point plp 5077, 1983; cassette, Cuatro Sonatas Para Arpa, CBS KNIA1221
Glinka, Mudarra, Spohr, Albeniz, Schmidt, Britten, Flothuis, Salzedo, van Delden, Ibert; The Virtuoso Harp (recital for solo harp); CD, Fønix Music LC 6607; CD, El Arpa Virtuosa, Sony 4739
Åke Parmerud: Strings & Shadows (harp and tape); CD, Jeu d’Ombres, empreintes digital.es IMED 0367; CD, constellations, Phono Suecia PSCD 91; Prix 94 Ars Electronica, ORF94
Takayuki Rai: Transparency (harp and tape); CD, musiana 95, Classico CLASSCD 139
Françaix, Graugaard, Hindemith, Persichetti, Ravel, Faure, Ibert, Nielsen (harp and flute); CD, Music For Harp And Flute, TUTL FKT063
Nicola Sani: Non Tutte Le Isole Hanno Intorno Il Mare - Isola Seconda (harp and tape); CD, Music Worx PH M052400NS
Parmerud, Lippe, Graugaard, Saariaho, Frounberg (harp and tape); CD, Centaur CRC 2284
Kanding, Graugaard, Rasmussen, Frounberg, Fuzzy (harp and electronics); CD, dacapo 8.224113
Graugaard, Blak, Maegaard, (harp and orchestra); CD, tutl FKT13,
Gabriel Valverde: El Silencio Ya No Es El Silencio (harp solo); CD, Mode mode 94
J.S. Bach, Boccherini, Spohr (harp and flute); cassette, CBS KNIA 1117; Classico CLASSCD 238; CD, Sony 4740
Graugaard: Ophelia In The Garden (harp solo and string orchestra) and The Hand Unveiled (harp solo and symphony orchestra); CD, Classico CLASSCD 187/188
Svend Hvidtfelt Nielsen: Catafalque (harp and organ); CD, dacapo 8.224018
References
External links
Official website
Classical harpists
1944 births
Musicians from Santiago
Musicians from Copenhagen
Living people
Royal Danish Academy of Music alumni
20th-century women musicians
21st-century women musicians
Chilean emigrants to Denmark
Chilean women musicians
Women harpists
Centaur Records artists |
A language border or language boundary is the line separating two language areas. The term is generally meant to imply a lack of mutual intelligibility between the two languages. If two adjacent languages or dialects are mutually intelligible, no firm border will develop, because the two languages can continually exchange linguistic inventions; this is known as a dialect continuum. A "language island" is a language area that is completely surrounded by a language border.
Important concepts
The concept of mutual intelligibility is vague. More important, it can be difficult for non-native speakers to distinguish one language from another similar one. Furthermore, there is no clear definition of what constitutes a language: for instance some languages share writing systems but are spoken differently, while others are identical when spoken but are written using different alphabets. For example, different "dialects" of Chinese use the same characters with the same meanings, but these can be pronounced very differently in different varieties. Japanese also uses large numbers of Kanji characters (of Chinese origin) to mean the same as in Chinese, but they often have different "readings" (yomi) some of which may be pronounced as in Chinese while others are totally different.
There are often also shared terms between two languages even between languages that have nothing to do with each other.
For example, Spanish is spoken in most Central American and South American countries, but also in Spain. There are subtle but recognizable differences between the dialects, but there are different dialects even within the country of Spain. (In many cultures there also slight differences between the versions of the language, both spoken and written ("registers") used in different contexts: for example when talking to one's boss and talking to one's friends.)
Difficulties
There can also be people within a country who speak the "native" language of a different country, some of whom may be bilingual. Also, an inherited language may evolve and perhaps absorb some of the characteristics or terms of the new area's predominant language. In cases such as these, it becomes even more difficult to identify specific languages.
When speakers have a foreign accent, they are often perceived to be less intelligent and are less likely to be hired. It is the same with an accent from a peripheral area, rather than the accent from the urbanized core: a peripheral person is typically perceived as speaking a "less correct" by those who are more educated, while those who are not as educated do not perceive any difference in the "correctness". Colonial histories could also help this phenomenon.
A well-known example of a language border is the border between Romance and Germanic languages that stretches through Belgium, France, Switzerland, and Italy.
Politics and language borders
European expansion
Language borders do not always reflect political borders; the tendency to correlate language with nationality is a common error that seems to have arisen during the period of 19th century European expansion (e.g., the term Anglo in Mexico and the southeastern U.S., or the term Angrez – literally, "English" – in North India). The usage of a particular language can reflect positively or negatively on its speaker depending upon the situation. For example, there is perception in the USA that only English speakers are American and only non-Americans are non-English-speakers. It is suspected that this assumption began because states would have "official" languages for the purposes of book publishing and therefore for the purposes of education, so intelligence would come to be associated with speaking the language that was written.
Because of this idea, there are also often social benefits which result from being able to speak English. A prime example of this is the prevalence of bilingualism near the U.S.–Mexican border, which also indicates the porosity of the border and illustrates the difficulty of drawing a "border" around all speakers of a given language, especially because there is not usually much correlation between ethnicity and language. Such common bilingualism leads to the practice of code-switching, or the changing freely between languages while speaking although this trait is somewhat looked down upon because those living in areas of frequent code-switching seem to develop a sort of language loyalty.
Colonialism
Another example of the difference between language borders and political borders is the spread of languages via colonialism, causing languages to be spoken in multiple, not necessarily adjacent countries.
Other examples
Although language borders and political borders do not always agree, there have been many instances where political leadership has attempted to enforce language borders. In the Mexican city of Ciudad Juarez on the border with the United States, social efforts have been made to curb the amount of American influence taking place—but at the same time, as in other foreign cultures, the class benefits of English proficiency are acknowledged and to this end schools teach in English and many television channels are in English. The use of Breton and Welsh has historically been discouraged by French and British governments respectively. There are also instances of intolerance to the speaking of Native American languages at some schools, thus forcing those students to create small communities in which they can speak their native language, thereby creating "language boundaries" on a very small scale. Examples like these illustrate the impact that language boundaries can have on cultural boundaries, even if they are not necessarily one and the same.
Annotated bibliography
See also
Isogloss
Language island
Linguistic geography
Adstratum
Sociolinguistics
Borders
Language geography |
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