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An floodlit trail (Norwegian: Lysløype) (Swedish: Elljusspår) is an electrically illuminated trail, often completely or partly in a forest.
Trails
During seasons with bare ground the floodlit trails are used for among other jogging and walking. They often take the form of landscaped trails with gravel or woodchips as a surface layer. In wintertime skiing trails are groomed on many of them, if the snow conditions allow it. During this time, when the snow is groomed, jogging and walking is strongly discouraged.
Sweden
Most of the floodlit trails were constructed during the 1970s. , there are about 1700 illuminated trails in Sweden. A common length of an electric light trail in Sweden is about .
Gallery
References
External links
Swedish Ski Association manual All chapters of the manual on how to construct ski tracks and trails
Outdoor recreation
Lighting
Cross-country skiing
Walking |
Small Change is the fourth studio album by singer and songwriter Tom Waits, released on September 21, 1976 on Asylum Records. It was recorded in July at Wally Heider's Studio 3 in Hollywood. It was successful commercially and outsold his previous albums. This resulted in Waits putting together a touring band - The Nocturnal Emissions, which consisted of Frank Vicari on tenor saxophone, FitzGerald Jenkins on bass guitar and Chip White on drums and vibraphone. The Nocturnal Emissions toured Europe and the United States extensively from October 1976 till May 1977.
Production
Small Change was recorded, direct to 2-track stereo tape, July 15, 19–21 and 29, 1976 at Wally Heider's Studio 3 in Hollywood under the production of Bones Howe. A multi-track recording was made as back up, and used when a reference Waits made to actress Jayne Meadows had to be changed. Howe recounted: "We set up at Heider's for that record the same way I used to make jazz records in the 1950s. I wanted to take Tom back to that direction of making records, with an orchestra and Tom in the same room, all playing and singing together. I was never afraid of making a record where the musicians all breathed the same air. Leakage is not a problem. In fact, it's a good thing — it holds a record together... He was always surrounded by the music and the records sound like it. We never used headphones. Never."
Music
The album featured famed drummer Shelly Manne, and was, like Waits' previous albums, heavily jazz-influenced, with a lyrical style that owed influence to Raymond Chandler and Charles Bukowski as well as a vocal delivery influenced by Louis Armstrong, Dr. John and Howlin' Wolf. The music, for the most part, consists of Waits' gravelly, rough voice, set against a backdrop of piano, upright bass, drums and saxophone. Some tracks have a string section, whose sweet timbre is starkly contrasted to Waits' voice.
"Tom Traubert's Blues" opens the album. Jay S. Jacobs has described the song as a "stunning opener [which] sets the tone for what follows." The refrain is based almost word by word on the 1890 Australian song, "Waltzing Matilda" by A.B. "Banjo" Paterson, although the tune is slightly different.
The origin of the song is somewhat ambiguous. The sub-title of the track "Four Sheets to the Wind in Copenhagen" seems to indicate that it is about a time that Waits spent in Copenhagen in 1976 while on a tour. There, he apparently met Danish singer Mathilde Bondo. Indeed, in a 1998 radio interview, she confirmed that she met Waits and that they spent a night on the town together. Waits himself described the song's subject during a concert in Sydney, Australia in March 1979: "Uh, well I met this girl named Matilda. And uh, I had a little too much to drink that night. This is about throwing up in a foreign country." In an interview on NPR's World Cafe, aired December 15, 2006, Waits stated that Tom Traubert was a "friend of a friend" who died in prison.
Bones Howe, the album's producer, recalls when Waits first came to him with the song:
He said the most wonderful thing about writing that song. He went down and hung around on skid row in L.A. because he wanted to get stimulated for writing this material. He called me up and said, "I went down to skid row ... I bought a pint of rye. In a brown paper bag." I said, "Oh really?" "Yeah - hunkered down, drank the pint of rye, went home, threw up, and wrote 'Tom Traubert's Blues' [...] Every guy down there ... everyone I spoke to, a woman put him there."
Howe was amazed when he first heard the song, and he's still astonished by it. "I do a lot of seminars," he says. "Occasionally I'll do something for songwriters. They all say the same thing to me. 'All the great lyrics are done.' And I say, 'I'm going to give you a lyric that you never heard before. Howe then says to his aspiring songwriters, "A battered old suitcase to a hotel someplace / And a wound that will never heal." This particular Tom Waits lyric Howe considers to be "brilliant." It's "the work of an extremely talented lyricist, poet, whatever you want to say. That is brilliant, brilliant work. And he never mentions the person, but you see the person."
The song has been recorded by Rod Stewart on two 1993 albums, Lead Vocalist and Unplugged...and Seated under the title "Tom Traubert's Blues (Waltzing Matilda)".
The album's closing song, "I Can't Wait to Get Off Work (And See My Baby on Montgomery Avenue)", has a simple musical arrangement, boasting only Waits' voice and piano, with bass by Jim Hughart. The lyrics are about Waits' first job at Napoleone Pizza House in San Diego, which he began in 1965, at the age of 16.
Themes
At the time of the recording of Small Change Waits was drinking more and more heavily, and life on the road was starting to take its toll on him. Waits, looking back at the period said:I was sick through that whole period [...] It was starting to wear on me, all the touring. I'd been travelling quite a bit, living in hotels, eating bad food, drinking a lot - too much. There's a lifestyle that's there before you arrive and you're introduced to it. It's unavoidable.
Waits recorded the album in reaction to these hardships. This is evident in the pessimism and cynicism that pervade the record, with many songs, such as "The Piano Has Been Drinking" and "Bad Liver and a Broken Heart" presenting a bare and honest portrayal of alcoholism, while also cementing Waits' hard-living reputation in the eyes of many fans. The album's themes include those of desolation, deprivation, and, above all else, alcoholism. The cast of characters, which includes hookers, strippers and small-time losers, are, for the most part, night-owls and drunks; people lost in a cold, urban world.
With the album Waits asserted that he "tried to resolve a few things as far as this cocktail-lounge, maudlin, crying-in-your-beer image that I have. There ain't nothin' funny about a drunk [...] I was really starting to believe that there was something amusing and wonderfully American about being a drunk. I ended up telling myself to cut that shit out."
Beyond the serious themes with which the album deals, the lyrics are often also noted for their humour; with songs such as "The Piano Has Been Drinking" and "Bad Liver And A Broken Heart" including puns and jokes in their treatment of alcoholism, with the added humour in Waits' drunken diction.
Cover
The cover art features Waits sitting in a go-go dancer's dressing room, with a topless go-go dancer standing nearby. It was alleged that the go-go dancer pictured is Cassandra Peterson, who portrayed the iconic Elvira, Mistress of the Dark. Peterson, however, says she's not sure of the authenticity of this claim, stating, "I can’t say it’s completely not me—I can’t say it’s not true—but I have absolutely no recollection of doing it, if it is true....I do not remember the ’70s, for who-knows-what-all reasons. But anyway, it could be me. There is a possibility. But I just look and look and look at it and go, “It doesn’t look exactly like me.” I don’t know. Maybe it is."
Reception
Small Change received critical reviews equal to or better than Waits' previous albums, and was at first a surprise commercial success, rising to #89 on the Billboard chart within two weeks of its release. Three weeks later, the album fell off the Billboard Top 200, and Waits was not to better its position until 1999's Mule Variations.
When asked in an interview with Mojo in 1999 if he shared many fans' view that Small Change was the crowning moment of his "beatnik-glory-meets-Hollywood-noir period" (i.e. from 1973 to 1980), Waits replied: Well, gee. I'd say there's probably more songs off that record that I continued to play on the road, and that endured. Some songs you may write and record but you never sing them again. Others you sing em every night and try and figure out what they mean. "Tom Traubert's Blues" was certainly one of those songs I continued to sing, and in fact, close my show with.
In 2000, Small Change was voted number 958 in Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums.
Track listing
All songs written and composed by Tom Waits.
Side one
Side two
Personnel
Tom Waits - vocals, piano
Harry Bluestone – violin, concertmaster strings
Jim Hughart – bass
Ed Lustgarten – cello, orchestra manager strings
Shelly Manne – drums
Lew Tabackin – tenor saxophone
Jerry Yester – arranger and conductor of string section
Chart positions
Certifications
References
External links
MacLaren, Trevor, "Tom Waits: Small Change", 2004 March 2 All About Jazz.com link
Tom Waits albums
1976 albums
Asylum Records albums
Albums produced by Bones Howe |
```go
package consul
import (
"context"
consul "github.com/hashicorp/consul/api"
"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus"
"github.com/prometheus/client_golang/prometheus/promauto"
"github.com/weaveworks/common/instrument"
)
type consulInstrumentation struct {
kv kv
consulMetrics *consulMetrics
}
type consulMetrics struct {
consulRequestDuration *instrument.HistogramCollector
}
func newConsulMetrics(registerer prometheus.Registerer) *consulMetrics {
consulRequestDurationCollector := instrument.NewHistogramCollector(promauto.With(registerer).NewHistogramVec(prometheus.HistogramOpts{
Name: "consul_request_duration_seconds",
Help: "Time spent on consul requests.",
Buckets: prometheus.DefBuckets,
}, []string{"operation", "status_code"}))
consulMetrics := consulMetrics{consulRequestDurationCollector}
return &consulMetrics
}
func (c consulInstrumentation) CAS(p *consul.KVPair, options *consul.WriteOptions) (bool, *consul.WriteMeta, error) {
var ok bool
var result *consul.WriteMeta
err := instrument.CollectedRequest(options.Context(), "CAS", c.consulMetrics.consulRequestDuration, instrument.ErrorCode, func(ctx context.Context) error {
options = options.WithContext(ctx)
var err error
ok, result, err = c.kv.CAS(p, options)
return err
})
return ok, result, err
}
func (c consulInstrumentation) Get(key string, options *consul.QueryOptions) (*consul.KVPair, *consul.QueryMeta, error) {
var kvp *consul.KVPair
var meta *consul.QueryMeta
err := instrument.CollectedRequest(options.Context(), "Get", c.consulMetrics.consulRequestDuration, instrument.ErrorCode, func(ctx context.Context) error {
options = options.WithContext(ctx)
var err error
kvp, meta, err = c.kv.Get(key, options)
return err
})
return kvp, meta, err
}
func (c consulInstrumentation) List(path string, options *consul.QueryOptions) (consul.KVPairs, *consul.QueryMeta, error) {
var kvps consul.KVPairs
var meta *consul.QueryMeta
err := instrument.CollectedRequest(options.Context(), "List", c.consulMetrics.consulRequestDuration, instrument.ErrorCode, func(ctx context.Context) error {
options = options.WithContext(ctx)
var err error
kvps, meta, err = c.kv.List(path, options)
return err
})
return kvps, meta, err
}
func (c consulInstrumentation) Delete(key string, options *consul.WriteOptions) (*consul.WriteMeta, error) {
var meta *consul.WriteMeta
err := instrument.CollectedRequest(options.Context(), "Delete", c.consulMetrics.consulRequestDuration, instrument.ErrorCode, func(ctx context.Context) error {
options = options.WithContext(ctx)
var err error
meta, err = c.kv.Delete(key, options)
return err
})
return meta, err
}
func (c consulInstrumentation) Put(p *consul.KVPair, options *consul.WriteOptions) (*consul.WriteMeta, error) {
var result *consul.WriteMeta
err := instrument.CollectedRequest(options.Context(), "Put", c.consulMetrics.consulRequestDuration, instrument.ErrorCode, func(ctx context.Context) error {
options = options.WithContext(ctx)
var err error
result, err = c.kv.Put(p, options)
return err
})
return result, err
}
``` |
BB14 may refer to:
USS Nebraska (BB-14), a Virginia-class pre-dreadnought battleship of the United States Navy.
Any series of Big Brother 14
Big Brother 14 (U.S.), the 2012 edition of the United States version of Big Brother
Big Brother 14 (UK), the 2013 edition of the United Kingdom version of Big Brother
Bigg Boss (Hindi season 14), the 2020 version of Bigg Boss
Gran Hermano 14 (Spain), the 2013 edition of the Spanish version of Big Brother |
Amal Club Belksiri, also called AC Kasri is a Moroccan football club currently playing in the third division.
References
GNFA 1 Unofficial Website
Football clubs in Morocco
Sports clubs and teams in Morocco |
The mineral pyrite ( ), or iron pyrite, also known as fool's gold, is an iron sulfide with the chemical formula FeS2 (iron (II) disulfide). Pyrite is the most abundant sulfide mineral.
Pyrite's metallic luster and pale brass-yellow hue give it a superficial resemblance to gold, hence the well-known nickname of fool's gold. The color has also led to the nicknames brass, brazzle, and brazil, primarily used to refer to pyrite found in coal.
The name pyrite is derived from the Greek (), 'stone or mineral which strikes fire', in turn from (), 'fire'. In ancient Roman times, this name was applied to several types of stone that would create sparks when struck against steel; Pliny the Elder described one of them as being brassy, almost certainly a reference to what is now called pyrite.
By Georgius Agricola's time, , the term had become a generic term for all of the sulfide minerals.
Pyrite is usually found associated with other sulfides or oxides in quartz veins, sedimentary rock, and metamorphic rock, as well as in coal beds and as a replacement mineral in fossils, but has also been identified in the sclerites of scaly-foot gastropods. Despite being nicknamed "fool's gold", pyrite is sometimes found in association with small quantities of gold. A substantial proportion of the gold is "invisible gold" incorporated into the pyrite (see Carlin-type gold deposit). It has been suggested that the presence of both gold and arsenic is a case of coupled substitution but as of 1997 the chemical state of the gold remained controversial.
Uses
Pyrite enjoyed brief popularity in the 16th and 17th centuries as a source of ignition in early firearms, most notably the wheellock, where a sample of pyrite was placed against a circular file to strike the sparks needed to fire the gun.
Pyrite is used with flintstone and a form of tinder made of stringybark by the Kaurna people, people of South Australia, as a traditional method of starting fires.
Pyrite has been used since classical times to manufacture copperas (ferrous sulfate). Iron pyrite was heaped up and allowed to weather (an example of an early form of heap leaching). The acidic runoff from the heap was then boiled with iron to produce iron sulfate. In the 15th century, new methods of such leaching began to replace the burning of sulfur as a source of sulfuric acid. By the 19th century, it had become the dominant method.
Pyrite remains in commercial use for the production of sulfur dioxide, for use in such applications as the paper industry, and in the manufacture of sulfuric acid. Thermal decomposition of pyrite into FeS (iron(II) sulfide) and elemental sulfur starts at ; at around , pS2 is about .
A newer commercial use for pyrite is as the cathode material in Energizer brand non-rechargeable lithium metal batteries.
Pyrite is a semiconductor material with a band gap of 0.95 eV. Pure pyrite is naturally n-type, in both crystal and thin-film forms, potentially due to sulfur vacancies in the pyrite crystal structure acting as n-dopants.
During the early years of the 20th century, pyrite was used as a mineral detector in radio receivers, and is still used by crystal radio hobbyists. Until the vacuum tube matured, the crystal detector was the most sensitive and dependable detector available—with considerable variation between mineral types and even individual samples within a particular type of mineral. Pyrite detectors occupied a midway point between galena detectors and the more mechanically complicated perikon mineral pairs. Pyrite detectors can be as sensitive as a modern 1N34A germanium diode detector.
Pyrite has been proposed as an abundant, non-toxic, inexpensive material in low-cost photovoltaic solar panels. Synthetic iron sulfide was used with copper sulfide to create the photovoltaic material. More recent efforts are working toward thin-film solar cells made entirely of pyrite.
Pyrite is used to make marcasite jewelry. Marcasite jewelry, made from small faceted pieces of pyrite, often set in silver, was known since ancient times and was popular in the Victorian era. At the time when the term became common in jewelry making, "marcasite" referred to all iron sulfides including pyrite, and not to the orthorhombic FeS2 mineral marcasite which is lighter in color, brittle and chemically unstable, and thus not suitable for jewelry making. Marcasite jewelry does not actually contain the mineral marcasite. The specimens of pyrite, when it appears as good quality crystals, are used in decoration. They are also very popular in mineral collecting. Among the sites that provide the best specimens are Soria and La Rioja provinces (Spain).
In value terms, China ($47 million) constitutes the largest market for imported unroasted iron pyrites worldwide, making up 65% of global imports. China is also the fastest growing in terms of the unroasted iron pyrites imports, with a CAGR of +27.8% from 2007 to 2016.
Research
In July 2020 scientists reported that they have observed a voltage-induced transformation of normally diamagnetic pyrite into a ferromagnetic material, which may lead to applications in devices such as solar cells or magnetic data storage.
Researchers at Trinity College Dublin, Ireland have demonstrated that FeS2 can be exfoliated into few-layers just like other two-dimensional layered materials such as graphene by a simple liquid-phase exfoliation route. This is the first study to demonstrate the production of non-layered 2D-platelets from 3D bulk FeS2. Furthermore, they have used these 2D-platelets with 20% single walled carbon-nanotube as an anode material in lithium-ion batteries, reaching a capacity of 1000 mAh/g close to the theoretical capacity of FeS2.
In 2021, a natural pyrite stone has been crushed and pre-treated followed by liquid-phase exfoliation into two-dimensional nanosheets, which has shown capacities of 1200 mAh/g as an anode in lithium-ion batteries.
Formal oxidation states for pyrite, marcasite, molybdenite and arsenopyrite
From the perspective of classical inorganic chemistry, which assigns formal oxidation states to each atom, pyrite and marcasite are probably best described as Fe2+[S2]2−. This formalism recognizes that the sulfur atoms in pyrite occur in pairs with clear S–S bonds. These persulfide [–S–S–] units can be viewed as derived from hydrogen disulfide, H2S2. Thus pyrite would be more descriptively called iron persulfide, not iron disulfide. In contrast, molybdenite, MoS2, features isolated sulfide S2− centers and the oxidation state of molybdenum is Mo4+. The mineral arsenopyrite has the formula FeAsS. Whereas pyrite has [S2]2– units, arsenopyrite has [AsS]3– units, formally derived from deprotonation of arsenothiol (H2AsSH). Analysis of classical oxidation states would recommend the description of arsenopyrite as Fe3+[AsS]3−.
Crystallography
Iron-pyrite FeS2 represents the prototype compound of the crystallographic pyrite structure. The structure is simple cubic and was among the first crystal structures solved by X-ray diffraction. It belongs to the crystallographic space group Pa and is denoted by the Strukturbericht notation C2. Under thermodynamic standard conditions the lattice constant of stoichiometric iron pyrite FeS2 amounts to . The unit cell is composed of a Fe face-centered cubic sublattice into which the ions are embedded. (Note though that the iron atoms in the faces are not equivalent by translation alone to the iron atoms at the corners.) The pyrite structure is also seen in other MX2 compounds of transition metals M and chalcogens X = O, S, Se and Te. Certain dipnictides with X standing for P, As and Sb etc. are also known to adopt the pyrite structure.
The Fe atoms are bonded to six S atoms, giving a distorted octahedron. The material is a semiconductor. The Fe ions is usually considered to be low spin divalent state (as shown by Mössbauer spectroscopy as well as XPS). The material as a whole behaves as a Van Vleck paramagnet, despite its low-spin divalency.
The sulfur centers occur in pairs, described as S22−. Reduction of pyrite with potassium gives potassium dithioferrate, KFeS2. This material features ferric ions and isolated sulfide (S2-) centers.
The S atoms are tetrahedral, being bonded to three Fe centers and one other S atom. The site symmetry at Fe and S positions is accounted for by point symmetry groups C3i and C3, respectively. The missing center of inversion at S lattice sites has important consequences for the crystallographic and physical properties of iron pyrite. These consequences derive from the crystal electric field active at the sulfur lattice site, which causes a polarisation of S ions in the pyrite lattice. The polarisation can be calculated on the basis of higher-order Madelung constants and has to be included in the calculation of the lattice energy by using a generalised Born–Haber cycle. This reflects the fact that the covalent bond in the sulfur pair is inadequately accounted for by a strictly ionic treatment.
Arsenopyrite has a related structure with heteroatomic As–S pairs rather than S-S pairs. Marcasite also possesses homoatomic anion pairs, but the arrangement of the metal and diatomic anions differ from that of pyrite. Despite its name, chalcopyrite () does not contain dianion pairs, but single S2− sulfide anions.
Crystal habit
Pyrite usually forms cuboid crystals, sometimes forming in close association to form raspberry-shaped masses called framboids. However, under certain circumstances, it can form anastomosing filaments or T-shaped crystals.
Pyrite can also form shapes almost the same as a regular dodecahedron, known as pyritohedra, and this suggests an explanation for the artificial geometrical models found in Europe as early as the 5th century BC.
Varieties
Cattierite (CoS2), vaesite (NiS2) and hauerite (MnS2), as well as sperrylite (PtAs2) are similar in their structure and belong also to the pyrite group.
is a nickel-cobalt bearing variety of pyrite, with > 50% substitution of Ni2+ for Fe2+ within pyrite. Bravoite is not a formally recognised mineral, and is named after the Peruvian scientist Jose J. Bravo (1874–1928).
Distinguishing similar minerals
Pyrite is distinguishable from native gold by its hardness, brittleness and crystal form. Pyrite fractures are very uneven, sometimes conchoidal because it does not cleave along a preferential plane. Native gold nuggets, or glitters, do not break but deform in a ductile way. Pyrite is brittle, gold is malleable.
Natural gold tends to be anhedral (irregularly shaped without well defined faces), whereas pyrite comes as either cubes or multifaceted crystals with well developed and sharp faces easy to recognise. Well crystallised pyrite crystals are euhedral (i.e., with nice faces). Pyrite can often be distinguished by the striations which, in many cases, can be seen on its surface. Chalcopyrite () is brighter yellow with a greenish hue when wet and is softer (3.5–4 on Mohs' scale). Arsenopyrite (FeAsS) is silver white and does not become more yellow when wet.
Hazards
Iron pyrite is unstable when exposed to the oxidizing conditions prevailing at the Earth's surface: iron pyrite in contact with atmospheric oxygen and water, or damp, ultimately decomposes into iron oxyhydroxides (ferrihydrite, FeO(OH)) and sulfuric acid (). This process is accelerated by the action of Acidithiobacillus bacteria which oxidize pyrite to first produce ferrous ions (), sulfate ions (), and release protons (, or ). In a second step, the ferrous ions () are oxidized by into ferric ions () which hydrolyze also releasing ions and producing FeO(OH). These oxidation reactions occur more rapidly when pyrite is finely dispersed (framboidal crystals initially formed by sulfate reducing bacteria (SRB) in argillaceous sediments or dust from mining operations).
Pyrite oxidation and acid mine drainage
Pyrite oxidation by atmospheric in the presence of moisture () initially produces ferrous ions () and sulfuric acid which dissociates into sulfate ions and protons, leading to acid mine drainage (AMD). An example of acid rock drainage caused by pyrite is the 2015 Gold King Mine waste water spill.
2FeS2{\scriptstyle (s)} + 7O2{\scriptstyle (g)} + 2H2O{\scriptstyle (l)} -> 2Fe^{2+}{\scriptstyle (aq)} + 4SO4^{2-}{\scriptstyle (aq)} + 4H+{\scriptstyle (aq)}.
Dust explosions
Pyrite oxidation is sufficiently exothermic that underground coal mines in high-sulfur coal seams have occasionally had serious problems with spontaneous combustion. The solution is the use of buffer blasting and the use of various sealing or cladding agents to hermetically seal the mined-out areas to exclude oxygen.
In modern coal mines, limestone dust is sprayed onto the exposed coal surfaces to reduce the hazard of dust explosions. This has the secondary benefit of neutralizing the acid released by pyrite oxidation and therefore slowing the oxidation cycle described above, thus reducing the likelihood of spontaneous combustion. In the long term, however, oxidation continues, and the hydrated sulfates formed may exert crystallization pressure that can expand cracks in the rock and lead eventually to roof fall.
Weakened building materials
Building stone containing pyrite tends to stain brown as pyrite oxidizes. This problem appears to be significantly worse if any marcasite is present. The presence of pyrite in the aggregate used to make concrete can lead to severe deterioration as pyrite oxidizes. In early 2009, problems with Chinese drywall imported into the United States after Hurricane Katrina were attributed to pyrite oxidation, followed by microbial sulfate reduction which released hydrogen sulfide gas (). These problems included a foul odor and corrosion of copper wiring. In the United States, in Canada, and more recently in Ireland, where it was used as underfloor infill, pyrite contamination has caused major structural damage. Concrete exposed to sulfate ions, or sulfuric acid, degrades by sulfate attack: the formation of expansive mineral phases, such as ettringite (small needle crystals exerting a huge crystallization pressure inside the concrete pores) and gypsum creates inner tensile forces in the concrete matrix which destroy the hardened cement paste, form cracks and fissures in concrete, and can lead to the ultimate ruin of the structure. Normalized tests for construction aggregate certify such materials as free of pyrite or marcasite.
Occurrence
Pyrite is the most common of sulfide minerals and is widespread in igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary rocks. It is a common accessory mineral in igneous rocks, where it also occasionally occurs as larger masses arising from an immiscible sulfide phase in the original magma. It is found in metamorphic rocks as a product of contact metamorphism. It also forms as a high-temperature hydrothermal mineral, though it occasionally forms at lower temperatures.
Pyrite occurs both as a primary mineral, present in the original sediments, and as a secondary mineral, deposited during diagenesis. Pyrite and marcasite commonly occur as replacement pseudomorphs after fossils in black shale and other sedimentary rocks formed under reducing environmental conditions. Pyrite is common as an accessory mineral in shale, where it is formed by precipitation from anoxic seawater, and coal beds often contain significant pyrite.
Notable deposits are found as lenticular masses in Virginia, U.S., and in smaller quantities in many other locations. Large deposits are mined at Rio Tinto in Spain and elsewhere in the Iberian Peninsula.
Cultural beliefs
In the beliefs of the Thai people (especially the southerner), pyrite is known by multiple names: Khao tok Phra Ruang, Khao khon bat Phra Ruang (ข้าวตอกพระร่วง, ข้าวก้นบาตรพระร่วง) or Phet na tang, Hin na tang (เพชรหน้าทั่ง, หินหน้าทั่ง). It is believed to be a sacred item that has the power to prevent evil, black magic or demons.
Images
See also
Iron–sulfur world hypothesis
Sulfur isotope biogeochemistry
References
Further reading
American Geological Institute, 2003, Dictionary of Mining, Mineral, and Related Terms, 2nd ed., Springer, New York, .
David Rickard, Pyrite: A Natural History of Fool's Gold, Oxford, New York, 2015, .
External links
Educational article about the famous pyrite crystals from the Navajun Mine
How Minerals Form and Change "Pyrite oxidation under room conditions".
Disulfides
Firelighting
Pyrite group
Iron(II) minerals
Cubic minerals
Minerals in space group 205
Sulfide minerals
Alchemical substances
Semiconductor materials
Transition metal dichalcogenides |
Declaration of Power (officially 超実力派宣言 〜Declaration of Power〜) was a professional wrestling event produced by New Japan Pro-Wrestling (NJPW). It took place on October 10, 2022 in Tokyo, Japan at Ryōgoku Kokugikan. The show most notably featured the announcement of the new NJPW World Television Championship and the return of CMLL wrestler Titán, who joined Los Ingobernables de Japon, as the first full time foreign member.
Storylines
Declaration of Power featured nine professional wrestling matches that involved different wrestlers from pre-existing scripted feuds and storylines. Wrestlers portrayed villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in the scripted events that built tension and culminated in a wrestling match or series of matches.
Results
References
2022 in Tokyo
2022 in professional wrestling
Events in Tokyo
New Japan Pro-Wrestling shows
Professional wrestling in Tokyo |
Kaillera is middleware designed to aid networked multiplayer play for emulators. The word "Kaillera", also spelled "kaïra", is the verlan of the French word racaille, meaning "hooligans" or "rascals".
History
Kaillera was developed by Christophe Thibault in the years 2001-2006. His most recent entry was the Kaillera Client library and SDK on 13 February 2002. Later in early 2006, rights and source code of Kaillera were sold to a private online gaming advertising company called TC. Ads and Etai Hugi. On 17 June 2006, Christophe Thibault himself publicly confirmed the sale of Kaillera and also announced that TC. Ads. no longer had anything to do with the Kaillera project and that Etai Hugi is the only owner.
On 20 November 2006, Etai Hugi announced that a new version of Kaillera would be released in "the next several months". His announcement also suggested that the new version would be "much better" and "more efficient" than the current version. In July 2007, he posted on the official forums and sent emails to the forum administrator announcing that the next official release would occur in "3-4 months." This announcement coincided with a revamp of the forums and the posting of new unofficial builds created by others for download (the first new downloads posted in nearly four years). On 4 November 2007, it was announced that due to unforeseen "bugs" the imminent release would be postponed for a time. It was later announced that the new version of Kaillera would be released on 7 April 2008. However, the official Kaillera website along with existing Kaillera master servers list was taken down a few days prior to the release date. Later when it came back up, no explanations for the downtime was given and nothing was released. Etai Hugi an Israeli developer purchased Kaillera from Christophe Thibault in 2006.
Features
Like most networked multiplayer gaming systems, Kaillera is implemented to work on client–server architecture.
The client is implemented as a small library with a typical GUI which is incorporated with the emulator. Its simple self-explanatory API, consisting of only eight functions, allows emulators to perform necessary functions such as specifying the list of supported games and controlling game execution to some extent. Everything after enabling the client to starting the game is managed by the client and the user. The client can only make requests to server on user's input and react to server's response.
On the other hand, the server takes the tedious role of managing all the users. Users can join servers if their conditions are satisfactory. Then they are allowed to chat and make games on the server which other users can join. A maximum of 8 players are allowed to participate in a game and others are treated as spectators. Once a game starts, the server is also responsible for scheduling and mix matching data sent by emulators in a manner befitting user's ping and connection configuration.
Emulators with Kaillera support
Atari800Win PLus (Atari 8-bit family)
Bliss (Intellivision)
Calice32 (CPS-1, CPS-2, Sega System 16, Sega System 18, Neo Geo MVS, Gaelco System 1)
CCS64 (Commodore 64)
DEmul (Sega Dreamcast, Sega NAOMI, Sega NAOMI 2, Atomiswave, Hikaru, Cave, Gaelco)
DolphinNP (Nintendo GameCube, Nintendo Wii) // Modified version of Dolphin
Emukon (Sega Game Gear, Sega Master System)
ePSXe (Sony PlayStation) *Requires a Netplay plugin such as CyberPad or PS4NET.
FinalBurn Neo (CPS-1, CPS-2, Neo Geo MVS) // Previously known as FinalBurn Alpha
Gens (Sega Genesis)
HuE (TurboGrafx-16)
Houba Plus! Plus! (Various arcade systems) // MAME32PPK variant focused on 3D games (eg. Tekken Tag Tournament)
Kawaks (CPS-1, CPS-2, Neo Geo MVS)
MAME (Various arcade systems)[1]
Meisei (MSX)
Modeler (Sega System 32)
Mupen64++ (Nintendo 64) // Modified version of Mupen64
Nebula (CPS-1, CPS-2, Neo Geo MVS)
Nemu64 (Nintendo 64)
NESten (Nintendo Entertainment System)
Nestopia (Nintendo Entertainment System)2
NNNesterJ (Nintendo Entertainment System)
Nostalgia (Intellivision)
PCAE (Atari 2600)
Project64k (Nintendo 64) // Modified version of Project64
Snes9k (Super Nintendo Entertainment System) // Modified version of Snes9x
WinFellow+Kaillera (Amiga) // Modified version of WinFellow
WinUAE-Kaillera (Amiga) // Modified version of WinUAE
Xanadu (Intellivision)
Notes
Note 1: There are several third-party versions of MAME with Kaillera, but these violate the MAME license by not having the source code to the Kaillera client library distributed, even though the source code to the modified version of MAME itself (such as "MAME32k", "MAME32 Plus! Plus!" and "MameLang32+") are always provided.
References
External links
Middleware for video games
Video game emulation |
The Gáva-Holigrady culture was a late Bronze Age culture of Eastern Slovakia, Western Ukraine (Zakarpats'ka Oblast and Dnister river basin), Northwestern Romania, Moldova, and Northeastern Hungary.
It is considered a subtype of the Urnfield culture.
Gava-Holigrady culture is named after an archaeological settlement Gava in Northeastern Hungary and an archaeological site Holigrady (Голігради) in Ukrainian Ternopil Oblast.
In Slovakia, the culture originated in the early 12th century BC.
Gáva people lived in settlements and hillforts that they built in the Slovakian and Transylvanian uplands.
Gava-Holigrad people are considered to be of Thracian ethnicity.
Gallery
Lăpuş Group
The Lăpuş Group is considered to be a Romanian counterpart of the Gáva-Holigrady culture.
References
Urnfield culture
Archaeological cultures of Europe
Bronze Age cultures of Europe
Thracian archaeological cultures
Archaeological cultures in Hungary
Archaeological cultures in Romania
Archaeological cultures in Slovakia
Archaeological cultures in Ukraine
Articles needing translation from Polish Wikipedia |
The crimine is an annual meeting of the 'Ndrangheta, a Mafia-type organisation in Calabria. The meeting is held near the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Polsi in the municipality of San Luca during the September Feast. At least since the 1950s, these annual meetings have traditionally served as a forum to discuss future strategies and settle disputes among the locali – all the 'ndrine in a specific town or territory. The assembly exercises weak supervisory powers over the activities of all 'Ndrangheta groups.
At the meeting a capo crimine is elected. Strong emphasis was placed on the temporary character of the position of the crimine boss. A new representative was elected capo crimine at each meeting. Each head of a locale is called before the crimine to give an account of all the activities carried out during the year. He also should communicate the number of new affiliates and punishments to offenders.
In July 2010, in a massive police operation dubbed "Il crimine", the head of the crimine, Domenico Oppedisano was arrested. He assumed power at a banquet held at the Sanctuary of Our Lady of Polsi in September 2009. In a conversation wiretapped by the police he talked of 1,000 affiliates attending the meeting.
In the course of the investigation the capo crimine also appeared to be the nominal head of the ‘Ndrangheta Commission, known as La Provincia.
References
Paoli, Letizia (2003). Mafia Brotherhoods: Organized Crime, Italian Style, New York: Oxford University Press
History of the 'Ndrangheta
Organized crime terminology |
In graph theory, the degree (or valency) of a vertex of a graph is the number of edges that are incident to the vertex; in a multigraph, a loop contributes 2 to a vertex's degree, for the two ends of the edge. The degree of a vertex is denoted or . The maximum degree of a graph , denoted by , and the minimum degree of a graph, denoted by , are the maximum and minimum of its vertices' degrees. In the multigraph shown on the right, the maximum degree is 5 and the minimum degree is 0.
In a regular graph, every vertex has the same degree, and so we can speak of the degree of the graph. A complete graph (denoted , where is the number of vertices in the graph) is a special kind of regular graph where all vertices have the maximum possible degree, .
In a signed graph, the number of positive edges connected to the vertex is called positive deg and the number of connected negative edges is entitled negative deg.
Handshaking lemma
The degree sum formula states that, given a graph ,
.
The formula implies that in any undirected graph, the number of vertices with odd degree is even. This statement (as well as the degree sum formula) is known as the handshaking lemma. The latter name comes from a popular mathematical problem, which is to prove that in any group of people, the number of people who have shaken hands with an odd number of other people from the group is even.
Degree sequence
The degree sequence of an undirected graph is the non-increasing sequence of its vertex degrees; for the above graph it is (5, 3, 3, 2, 2, 1, 0). The degree sequence is a graph invariant, so isomorphic graphs have the same degree sequence. However, the degree sequence does not, in general, uniquely identify a graph; in some cases, non-isomorphic graphs have the same degree sequence.
The degree sequence problem is the problem of finding some or all graphs with the degree sequence being a given non-increasing sequence of positive integers. (Trailing zeroes may be ignored since they are trivially realized by adding an appropriate number of isolated vertices to the graph.) A sequence which is the degree sequence of some graph, i.e. for which the degree sequence problem has a solution, is called a graphic or graphical sequence. As a consequence of the degree sum formula, any sequence with an odd sum, such as (3, 3, 1), cannot be realized as the degree sequence of a graph. The inverse is also true: if a sequence has an even sum, it is the degree sequence of a multigraph. The construction of such a graph is straightforward: connect vertices with odd degrees in pairs (forming a matching), and fill out the remaining even degree counts by self-loops.
The question of whether a given degree sequence can be realized by a simple graph is more challenging. This problem is also called graph realization problem and can be solved by either the Erdős–Gallai theorem or the Havel–Hakimi algorithm.
The problem of finding or estimating the number of graphs with a given degree sequence is a problem from the field of graph enumeration.
More generally, the degree sequence of a hypergraph is the non-increasing sequence of its vertex degrees. A sequence is -graphic if it is the degree sequence of some -uniform hypergraph. In particular, a -graphic sequence is graphic. Deciding if a given sequence is -graphic is doable in polynomial time for via the Erdős–Gallai theorem but is NP-complete for all .
Special values
A vertex with degree 0 is called an isolated vertex.
A vertex with degree 1 is called a leaf vertex or end vertex or a pendant vertex, and the edge incident with that vertex is called a pendant edge. In the graph on the right, {3,5} is a pendant edge. This terminology is common in the study of trees in graph theory and especially trees as data structures.
A vertex with degree n − 1 in a graph on n vertices is called a dominating vertex.
Global properties
If each vertex of the graph has the same degree k, the graph is called a k-regular graph and the graph itself is said to have degree k. Similarly, a bipartite graph in which every two vertices on the same side of the bipartition as each other have the same degree is called a biregular graph.
An undirected, connected graph has an Eulerian path if and only if it has either 0 or 2 vertices of odd degree. If it has 0 vertices of odd degree, the Eulerian path is an Eulerian circuit.
A directed graph is a directed pseudoforest if and only if every vertex has outdegree at most 1. A functional graph is a special case of a pseudoforest in which every vertex has outdegree exactly 1.
By Brooks' theorem, any graph G other than a clique or an odd cycle has chromatic number at most Δ(G), and by Vizing's theorem any graph has chromatic index at most Δ(G) + 1.
A k-degenerate graph is a graph in which each subgraph has a vertex of degree at most k.
See also
Indegree, outdegree for digraphs
Degree distribution
Degree sequence for bipartite graphs
Notes
References
.
.
.
Graph theory |
The was a ministry of the Government of Japan from 1949 to 2001. The MITI was one of the most powerful government agencies in Japan and, at the height of its influence, effectively ran much of Japanese industrial policy, funding research and directing investment. In 2001, MITI was merged with other agencies during the Central Government Reform to form the newly created Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry (METI).
History
MITI was created with the split of the Ministry of Commerce and Industry in May 1949 and given the mission for coordinating international trade policy with other groups, such as the Bank of Japan, the Economic planning Agency, and the various commerce-related cabinet ministries. At the time it was created, Japan was still recovering from the economic disaster of World War II. With inflation rising and productivity failing to keep up, the government sought a better mechanism for reviving the Japanese economy.
MITI has been responsible not only in the areas of exports and imports but also for all domestic industries and businesses not specifically covered by other ministries in the areas of investment in plant and equipment, pollution control, energy and power, some aspects of foreign economic assistance, and consumer complaints. This span has allowed MITI to integrate conflicting policies, such as those on pollution control and export competitiveness, to minimize damage to export industries.
MITI has served as an architect of industrial policy, an arbiter on industrial problems and disputes, and a regulator. A major objective of the ministry has been to strengthen the country's industrial base. It has not managed Japanese trade and industry along the lines of a centrally planned economy, but it has provided industries with administrative guidance and other direction, both formal and informal, on modernization, technology, investments in new plants and equipment, and domestic and foreign competition.
The close relationship between MITI and Japanese industry has led to foreign trade policy that often complements the ministry's efforts to strengthen domestic manufacturing interests. MITI facilitated the early development of nearly all major industries by providing protection from import competition, technological intelligence, help in licensing foreign technology, access to foreign exchange, and assistance in mergers.
These policies to promote domestic industry and to protect it from international competition were strongest in the 1950s and 1960s. As industry became stronger and as MITI lost some of its policy tools, such as control over allocation of foreign exchange, MITI's policies also changed. The success of Japanese exports and the tension it has caused in other countries led MITI to provide guidance on limiting exports of particular products to various countries. Starting in 1981, MITI presided over the establishment of voluntary restraints on automobile exports to the United States to allay criticism from American manufacturers and their unions.
Similarly, MITI was forced to liberalize import policies, despite its traditional protectionist focus. During the 1980s, the ministry helped to craft a number of market-opening and import promoting measures, including the creation of an import promotion office within the ministry. The close relationship between MITI and industry allowed the ministry to play such a role in fostering more open markets, but conflict remained between the need to open markets and the desire to continue promoting new and growing domestic industries.
As late as the 1980s, prime ministers were expected to serve a tenure as MITI minister before taking over the government. MITI worked closely with Japanese business interests, and was largely responsible for keeping the domestic market closed to most foreign companies.
MITI lost some influence when the switch was made to a floating exchange rate between the United States dollar and yen in 1971. Before that point, MITI had been able to keep the exchange rate artificially low, which benefited Japan's exporters. Later, intense lobbying from other countries, particularly the United States, pushed Japan to introduce more liberal trade laws that further lessened MITI's grip over the Japanese economy. By the mid-1980s, the ministry was helping foreign corporations set up operations in Japan.
The decline of MITI was described by Johnstone:
... by the early 1980s, when Western analysts first became aware of MITI, the ministry's glory days were over. In 1979 MITI lost its primary instrument of control over Japanese firms – allocation of foreign currency. The power, that is, to decide who could – and who could not – import technologies. [For example] ... MITI bureaucrats attempted to deny fledgling Sony the $25,000 the company needed to license transistor technology from Western Electric.
However MITI still continued to benefit industry, especially in semiconductors, where, to overcome resistance to a new technology, it forced every electronic company to have at least one CMOS project going.
The influence of MITI shrank in the 1990s because of deregulation and the collapse of the Japanese asset price bubble, and the creation of the World Trade Organization made it more difficult for governments to protect local companies from foreign competition. The declining significance of MITI to Japanese companies made it a less powerful agency within the bureaucracy, and by the end of the 20th century, it was folded into a larger body. In 2001, it was reorganized into the Ministry of Economy, Trade, and Industry (METI).
Agencies
Important MITI agencies include:
National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST)
Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO)
Japan Patent Office (JPO)
Administrative Vice-Ministers
is the highest position in a ministry filled by a career bureaucrat rather than a political appointee.
See also
Fifth generation computer
Economy of Japan
Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry
Sources
– Japan
Notes
External links
METI website
1949 establishments in Japan
2001 disestablishments in Japan
MITI projects
Japan, International Trade and Industry
Japan, International Trade and Industry
International Trade and Industry
Economic nationalism
Industrial policy |
```javascript
/**
* @license Apache-2.0
*
*
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
'use strict';
// MODULES //
var isnan = require( '@stdlib/math/base/assert/is-nan' );
var gamma = require( '@stdlib/math/base/special/gamma' );
var mean = require( '@stdlib/stats/base/dists/weibull/mean' );
// MAIN //
/**
* Returns the variance of a Weibull distribution.
*
* @param {PositiveNumber} k - shape parameter
* @param {PositiveNumber} lambda - scale parameter
* @returns {PositiveNumber} variance
*
* @example
* var v = variance( 1.0, 1.0 );
* // returns 1.0
*
* @example
* var v = variance( 4.0, 12.0 );
* // returns ~9.311
*
* @example
* var v = variance( 8.0, 2.0 );
* // returns ~0.078
*
* @example
* var v = variance( 1.0, -0.1 );
* // returns NaN
*
* @example
* var v = variance( -0.1, 1.0 );
* // returns NaN
*
* @example
* var v = variance( 2.0, NaN );
* // returns NaN
*
* @example
* var v = variance( NaN, 2.0 );
* // returns NaN
*/
function variance( k, lambda ) {
var mu;
if (
isnan( k ) ||
isnan( lambda ) ||
k <= 0.0 ||
lambda <= 0.0
) {
return NaN;
}
mu = mean( k, lambda );
return ( lambda*lambda * ( gamma( 1.0 + (2.0/k) ) ) ) - ( mu*mu );
}
// EXPORTS //
module.exports = variance;
``` |
Yves Stéphane Bitséki Moto (born 23 April 1983) is Gabonese footballer who plays for Mosta FC in Maltese Premier League as a goalkeeper.
He was called to Gabon national football team at 2012 Africa Cup of Nations.
International career
International goals
Scores and results list Gabon's goal tally first.
References
External links
1983 births
Living people
Gabonese men's footballers
Gabon men's international footballers
Men's association football goalkeepers
Mosta F.C. players
Maltese Premier League players
2012 Africa Cup of Nations players
People from Woleu-Ntem Province
2015 Africa Cup of Nations players
2017 Africa Cup of Nations players
21st-century Gabonese people
Gabon men's A' international footballers
2011 African Nations Championship players
2016 African Nations Championship players |
The Circle Line (CCL) is a medium-capacity Mass Rapid Transit line in Singapore operated by SMRT Corporation. It runs in a currently incomplete loop from Dhoby Ghaut station in the city area of Singapore to HarbourFront station in the south via Bishan station in Central Singapore. It also has a branch to Marina Bay station from Promenade station, which will be extended to Harbourfront station from 2026 to form a complete loop. Coloured orange on the rail map, the fully-underground line is long with 30 stations. Travelling from one end of the line to the other takes about an hour.
The line is the fourth MRT line to be opened, with the first stage (from Bartley to Marymount stations) commencing operations on 28 May 2009 after delays due to the Nicoll Highway collapse. The next stage to Dhoby Ghaut station was completed on 17 April 2010 and the next stage to Harbourfront opened on 8 October 2011. A two-station extension to Marina Bay station was opened on 14 January 2012. The last stage of the line from Harbourfront to Marina Bay will be completed in 2026, completing the loop.
It is the second line in Singapore to be completely automated and driverless and is among the world's longest driverless rapid transit lines. It is also the first medium capacity line in Singapore, with each Circle Line train, the C830 and C830C, having a three-car configuration.
History
Original plans
The Circle Line dates back to 1989, when then Minister for Communications and Information, Yeo Ning Hong stated that such a system would be "feasible when the population reaches four million", noting the slow population growth and demand.
Feasibility studies for the proposed line commenced on 11 October 1994. The line, then named the Marina Line, was first announced on 16 October 1997. The line would serve Marina Centre and the new downtown at Marina South, with multiple branches to Chinatown and Dhoby Ghaut via the National Stadium to either Kallang or Paya Lebar stations. The line was planned to have 18 stations, with a possible extension to Tanjong Pagar station. Plans for the line were confirmed and approved by the government on 12 June 1998. However, due to the high costs and lack of development in Marina South, the Chinatown branch was later removed in November 1999 and the line was reduced to 6 stations from the Dhoby Ghaut to Stadium stations. A part of the removed leg later became part of the Downtown line. On the other hand, a further extension towards Upper Paya Lebar was announced on 28 April 2001.
The Marina line was eventually merged with a planned LRT line that goes from Paya Lebar to Buona Vista via Serangoon and Bishan to form Circle Line Stage 3 on 20 January 2003, and subsequently Circle Line Stage 4 and 5 on 12 December 2003 when Stage 4 was extended from Buona Vista to World Trade Centre to close up the link and to provide connectivity from the west to Sentosa, becoming the Circle Line. On 8 August 2001, SMRT won the bid and was appointed the operator of the Circle Line. Names for the stations for the first three stages of the Circle line were finalised in July 2005 after the Land Transport Authority (LTA) conducted a public consultation exercise on the naming of stations. In November 2005, the names of the stations in Stages 4 and 5 were finalised.
Construction of the initial stages
Construction started on 13 March 2002 for Stage 1, 5 September 2002 for Stage 2, May 2003 for Stage 3, and January 2005 for Stages 4 and 5. Initially planned to be opened in stages from 2006 to 2010, at an estimated cost of S$6.7 billion, the Nicoll Highway collapse delayed the opening of the first stage to 2009. When the line fully opened on 8 October 2011, the cost of construction had risen to nearly S$10 billion. Due to the collapse, the station was relocated to a new site two-thirds the size of the original away. Three stations on the Circle Line were initially designed as 'shell stations', but the decision was made to open two of them, Caldecott and Haw Par Villa (previously Thomson and West Coast respectively), leaving Bukit Brown as the only unopened station on the line.
The first section of the line, Stage 3, a five-station segment stretching from Bartley to Marymount, opened on 28 May 2009. Initial ridership on this section was lower than estimated, at 32,000 passengers per day (ppd) instead of the estimated 55,000 ppd. Tunneling works for the entire line were completed on 17 August 2009. Stages 1 and 2 started operations on 17 April 2010, followed by Stages 4 and 5 (from the Marymount to HarbourFront stations) on 8 October 2011. A two-station extension to Marina Bay opened on 14 January 2012.
Circle Line stage 6
On 17 January 2013, then-Minister for Transport Lui Tuck Yew announced 'Circle Line stage 6' which will 'close the circle', set to be completed by 2025. The 4 km extension will run between Marina Bay and HarbourFront. The extension will connect commuters between the HarbourFront to Marina Bay stations and expand the rail network to the southern edge of the Central Business District. On 29 October 2015, LTA announced the station locations for Stage 6, with the working names of the stations being Keppel, Cantonment and Prince Edward. Tenders were called for construction between 2016 and 2017.
On 15 May 2017, the LTA invited the public to send in suggestions for names of the three MRT stations or propose to keep their current names. The Keppel and Cantonment stations kept their names, while Prince Edward station has been changed to 'Prince Edward Road' station.
Construction of Stage 6 commenced in late 2017. A joint venture – by China State Construction Engineering (The Singapore branch) and Nishimatsu Construction – won the contract to build the new Keppel MRT station and its associated tunnels.
Stage 6 of the line is now expected to be completed by 2026 instead due to delays caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Tunnelling works for the CCL6 were completed on 12 January 2022, with a final tunnel breakthrough from Prince Edward Road station into Cantonment station. The tunnels between Cantonment station and the adjacent Prince Edward Road station were constructed only below the former Tanjong Pagar Railway Station. Prior to the tunnelling works, an extensive survey was conducted to ensure that the tunnels do not cross through the building's foundations. Structures were erected to protect the railway station's facade and interior, and monitoring instruments were installed to watch out for any building settlement. To construct the tunnels to Keppel station, the Keppel viaduct had to be closely monitored while underpinning the viaduct with new micro piles. Three bored piles were removed for the tunnelling works.
Incidents
Nicoll Highway collapse
On 20 April 2004, a section of the tunnel being built for the Circle Line collapsed, when a retaining wall used in the tunnel's construction gave way. This incident occurred near the proposed site of the Nicoll Highway station, not far from the Merdeka Bridge. The accident left a collapse zone that was wide, long, and deep. Four workers were killed, and three were injured.
A criminal inquiry found the main contractor Nishimatsu Construction Company and joint venture partner firm Lum Chang Construction Company and their officers, as well as key Land Transport Authority officers responsible for the collapse. Several other officers and subcontractors were reprimanded and issued warnings in connection with the accident.
As a result of this accident, the first phase of the Circle Line, previously scheduled to open in 2008, was completed in 2009 instead. The affected station has been shifted about away from the accident site and is now located at Republic Avenue.
This accident also resulted in stricter safety regulations for the construction of all future MRT lines. The shifting of the Nicoll Highway station also meant it can no longer serve as a terminus for the Bukit Timah Line, partially influencing the creation of the current Downtown Line.
Other incidents
On 16 August 2007, the Building and Construction Authority (BCA) issued a stop-work order and revoked the contractor's tunnelling permit after a stretch of two lanes close to the junction of Telok Blangah Road and Alexandra Road sank about that evening.
A section of the road above a construction site near Holland Road caved in on the morning of 24 May 2008, creating a hole. The hole, directly in front of two private houses along Cornwall Gardens, measured 8 by 7 metres and was 3 metres deep. No one was injured, but the road was temporarily closed to traffic.
Line disruptions
On 20 September 2011, a power fault disrupted train services at all 16 stations on the Circle Line. The four-hour delay left thousands of commuters stranded during rush-hour. It was reported that leaks and a damaged electrical cable along the Circle Line were the cause of the disruption. The disruption started at about 5.30 am. Train services were gradually restored from 8 am and all services were restored just before 10 am. Dakota and Mountbatten stations were the last two to resume operations. Investigations were carried out, and the fault was traced back to a faulty cable beneath the platform level at Dakota station. 27,000 passengers were affected by the disruption during the four hour delay, with bus bridging services plying the Circle Line route.
In late August 2016, intermittent signal interference led to a five-day series of train disruptions. The issue reappeared in November. A team of data scientists explored the data and discovered via a Marey Chart visualization that it was caused by hardware problems, sending errant signals from a "rogue" train, PV46.
On 30 September 2023, due to the discovery of a crack on the rails near Promenade Station, delays of about 30 minutes occurred between Dhoby Ghaut, Marina Bay and Stadium stations for 14 hours.
Network and operations
Network
The Circle line is the second line in Singapore to be completely automated and driverless, following the North East line and is among the world's longest driverless rapid transit lines. It is also the first medium capacity line in Singapore.
Route
The Circle line forms an incomplete loop from Dhoby Ghaut in the Central Region of Singapore, north to Serangoon and Bishan, and south to HarbourFront, with a branch from Promenade to Marina Bay station which will be extended to HarbourFront in 2026. The fully-underground circular route also makes several links with the other MRT lines. The line begins at Dhoby Ghaut station, which has an interchange with the North South and North East lines, going eastwards and paralleling Bras Basah Road and Raffles Boulevard, before joining the Circle line extension at Promenade station, which also interchanges with the Downtown line. From Promenade station, the line goes northwards and towards the east, passing beneath the Kallang Basin. Between the Stadium and Dakota stations, the line parallels Stadium Boulevard and Old Airport Road, then the line continues northwards and follows the route of Paya Lebar Road and Upper Paya Lebar Road between the Paya Lebar (which interchanges with the East West line) and Tai Seng stations.
The line curves and continues westwards between the Bartley and Marymount stations, also interchanging with the North East and North South lines at Serangoon and Bishan stations respectively, and then it continues in a general southwest direction between Caldecott and Kent Ridge, the former having an interchange with the Thomson East-Coast Line, passing through Bukit Brown Cemetery between the Caldecott and Botanic Gardens stations. The line also interchanges with the Downtown line at Botanic Gardens station and the East West line at Buona Vista station. After Kent Ridge station, the line curves eastwards, paralleling the West Coast Highway and then terminating at HarbourFront station, where it interchanges with the North East line.
From 2026, upon the completion of Stage 6, the Circle line will continue eastwards from HarbourFront, paralleling Keppel Road and Ayer Rajah Expressway, and joins the Circle line extension at Marina Bay station. The Circle line extension from Marina Bay to Promenade station generally parallels the Downtown line and Bayfront Avenue, also passing underneath Marina Bay Sands at Bayfront station, which it serves and has cross-platform interchange with the Downtown line.
Stations
Station codes for the line are orange, corresponding to the line's colour on the system map. All stations have island platforms, with the exception of Promenade and future infill station Bukit Brown.
Legend
List
The Circle Line's numbering scheme reserves station code "CC18" for future use.
Depots
Rolling stock
The rolling stock for the Circle Line uses electric multiple unit (EMU) trains operating in a three-car configuration, with four doors per side on each carriage and can accommodate of up to 931 passengers in each trainsets. It consists of 40 first-generation Alstom Metropolis trains were supplied under contract C830. They are built in France by Alstom between 2006 and 2008. They are stabled at Kim Chuan Depot, which was the world's largest underground depot when it opened in 2009. To increase the capacity of the Circle Line, an additional 24 second-generation Alstom Metropolis trains were supplied under contract C830C, a similar in design to the first-generation trains, were delivered to Singapore from July 2014. They are also built in Shanghai, China by Alstom between 2014 and 2016. To facilitate the extension of the line with the construction of Stage 6, a tender for additional trains for the line was published on 31 March 2017. To increase the capacity of the Circle Line for Circle Line Stage 6, an additional 23 third-generation Alstom Metropolis trains were supplied under contract C851E with the first train set arrived in Singapore on 11 March 2022.
The automated CBTC system on board relies on "continuous two-way digital communication" between each controlled train and the control centre.
Train control
The Circle Line is equipped with Alstom Urbalis 300 Communications-based train control (CBTC) moving block signalling system on the MASTRIA system with Automatic train control (ATC) under Automatic train operation (ATO) GoA 4 (UTO). The subsystems consist of Automatic train protection (ATP) to govern train speed, Iconis Automatic Train Supervision (ATS) to track and schedule trains and Smartlock Computer-based interlocking (CBI) system that prevents incorrect signal and track points to be set.
Train Data Management System (TDMS) which concentrate and dispatch the rolling stock information with fixed equipment. The IAGO Waveguide communications network has the capability to transmit video and is almost maintenance-free. Base stations are located within the signalling equipment room.
Automatic platform screen doors supplied by Westinghouse provide safety for commuters, offering protection from arriving and departing trains.
Notes and references
Notes
References
External links
Circle line
LTA's commemorative book detailing the construction of the Circle Line
Mass Rapid Transit (Singapore) lines
Railway lines opened in 2009
Railway loop lines
2009 establishments in Singapore |
The Old Hose House is a historic fire house in Reading, Massachusetts. The Colonial Revival wood-frame building was constructed in 1902 for a cost of $1,180.50, plus $10 for the land on which it stands. The modestly-scaled building housed a fire truck until 1930, after which time it has served as home to community groups. The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
Description and history
The Old Hose House is set on the east side of Main Street (Massachusetts Route 28), a major thoroughfare, in a rural-suburban area of northern Reading. It is a modestly sized single-story wood-frame structure, with Colonial Revival styling, including a gambrel roof with an overhanging street-facing gable that has decorative brackets in the overhang. The gable end has a small round window with leaded lights, and the roof is topped by a small square belfry with a pyramidal roof. The main street-facing facade has a band of three small square windows, the engine bay entrance having been built over. The building is entered on the right side, where a hip-roof porch extends along a portion of that side.
The building was built in 1902 to house a hand-pump fire truck that was operated by a volunteer fire company organized in 1815. The town paid the $10 for the land and $1,180.50 for the building's construction. The bell was taken from the town's John Street school and installed in 1904. In 1930, after the town had adopted more modern equipment, the building was sold to a local community theater organization, which staged inexpensive productions in the building. In 1972 it was sold to Colonial Chorus Players a community theater group, which uses it as a rehearsal space.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Reading, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places listings in Middlesex County, Massachusetts
References
Fire stations completed in 1902
Fire stations on the National Register of Historic Places in Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Reading, Massachusetts
National Register of Historic Places in Reading, Massachusetts
Defunct fire stations in Massachusetts
1902 establishments in Massachusetts |
The Southside Fringe Festival is an annual fringe festival based in Glasgow, Scotland, UK.
History
The development of the Southside Fringe Festival began in 2011. Its aim was to broaden the scope of music, comedy, burlesque, cabaret, art and theatre events happening in Glasgow's southside (predominantly the Shawlands and Queen's Park areas) around the time of the Southside Festival in May. This led to the first full Southside Fringe Festival in May 2013 which was set up by musician Crawford Smith and burlesque star Corinna Currie (also known as 'Sarcassy Sneek' ) to respond to demand for localised music, comedy, burlesque and cabaret events in local venues.
The festival has continued to grow, in 2014 with 140 acts across 37 venues, up on 110 shows in 28 venues in their first year. Further growth in 2015 has seen the Southside of Glasgow host in excess of 170 events in 41 venues. Also in 2014, the festival opened a temporary headquarters on Pollokshaws Road. February 2015 saw the festival move into a permanent home in Govanhill Baths.
2016 saw the festival grow to over 200 events and 50 venues. The Fringe became guests of the Art Village in the Shawlands Shopping Centre, however co-founder Crawford Smith moved on from the project in the proceeding Summer.
See also
Culture in Glasgow
List of festivals in Glasgow
Southside Film Festival
Edinburgh Festival Fringe
Footnotes
External links
Festivals in Glasgow
Tourist attractions in Glasgow
Annual events in Glasgow
Music festivals in Scotland
Fringe festivals in the United Kingdom
Govanhill and Crosshill
Theatre festivals in Scotland |
The Camels are Coming is a 1934 British comedy adventure film directed by Tim Whelan and starring Jack Hulbert, Anna Lee, Hartley Power and Harold Huth. A British officer in the Royal Egyptian Air Force combats drug smugglers.
Plot
British officer Jack Campbell (Jack Hulbert) has arrived in Cairo with the first aircraft of the newly-formed Egyptian Air Force. Jack commands the first group of volunteer aviators. The general commanding the Air Force gives him the mission to stop Nicholas (Hartley Power), an American posing as an archaeologist, but involved in drug trafficking.
Nicholas has the help of an Arab sheikh, whose caravans crisscross the desert. During a patrol, Jack intercepts one of these caravans without finding anything. Just then, an aircraft piloted by a beautiful aviator, Anita Rogers (Anna Lee) lands nearby. Back in Cairo, Jack is sure Anita has something to do with the criminal activities, and follows her.
Jack manages to steal a suitcase that a stranger gives to Anita. After a chase among the pyramids of Gizeh, suitcase turns out to contain only cigarettes. The escapade makes headlines and Jack feels the wrath of the general's anger. Shortly after, Anita, who has fallen in love with Jack, apologizes and offers to help Jack by playing the role of the Sheikh's wife while Jack pretends to be the sheikh.
While disguised as Arab, Jack offers Nicholas the chance to sell him hashish. The pretense is uncovered when the real Sheikh arrives. A fight ensues with Jack managing to knock out the two drug traffickers. Jack and Anita, with Nicholas slung over a horse, are pursued by the sheikh's men.
Jack and Anita take refuge in the ruins of a fort, where they are soon besieged but manage to warn Cairo, thanks to a passenger pigeon. The general immediately sends aircraft and troops to help them.
With the drug smugglers put away, Jack and Anita plan their happy future.
Cast
Jack Hulbert as Jack Campbell
Anna Lee as Anita Rodgers
Hartley Power as Nicholas
Harold Huth as Doctor Zhiga
Allan Jeayes as Sheikh
Peter Gawthorne as Colonel Fairley
Norma Whalley as Tourist
Peggy Simpson as Tourist
Tony De Lungo as Smuggler's servant
Percy Parsons as Arab
Production
Based on a story by Tim Whelan and Russell Medcraft, The Camels are Coming was directed by Tim Whelan, an American who made a number of British films. It was filmed at Islington Studios and on location in Egypt around Cairo and Gizeh including at the famous Shepheard's Hotel.
The aircraft used in The Camels are Coming were:
Avro 626
de Havilland DH.60G Gipsy Moth II c/n 3053, SU-ABB
de Havilland DH.60G Gipsy II Moth c/n 1914, SU-ABF
Many of the scenes in The Camels are Coming later had to be reshot in London at the Gainsborough Pictures studios, as sand had got into the cameras, and high winds prevented the recording of dialogue.
The Camels are Coming was a major success at the British box office, but was not released in the United States.
Surviving Recording
On the 1968 Music for Pleasure (record label) LP record release, (A Fabulous Cast Sing and Play) 'The Hits of Noel Gay', (MFP1236), Track 3, Side 2, includes 'Who's Been Polishing the Sun' ?, with Hulbert Assisted by 'Eddie and Rex and Orchestra'. Before the film's re-release on commercial dvd, in 'British Comedies of the 1930s, Volume 8', forty-eight years later in 2016, this release was the only way the recording could be heard. (Brian Rust wrote its liner notes).
Reception
In the review of The Camels are Coming, the TV Guide wrote: "Lightweight comedy is slightly above average for British offerings of the period."
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
Bawden, James and Ronald G. Miller. Conversations with Classic Film Stars: Interviews from Hollywood's Golden Era. Lexington, Kentucky: University Press of Kentucky, 2016. .
Reid, John Howard. Hollywood's Classic Comedies Featuring Slapstick, Romance, Music, Glamour Or Screwball Fun!. Morrisville, North Carolina: Lulu.com, 2007. .
Richards, Jeffrey. The Unknown 1930s: An Alternative History of the British Cinema, 1929– 1939. London: I.B. Tauris & Co, 1998. .
External links
1934 films
British aviation films
British adventure comedy films
1930s adventure comedy films
Films set in Egypt
British black-and-white films
Films scored by Jack Beaver
1934 comedy films
1930s English-language films
Films directed by Tim Whelan
1930s British films |
```python
#!/usr/bin/env python
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
#
# This file is part of satpy.
#
# satpy is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
# version.
#
# satpy is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY
# WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR
#
# satpy. If not, see <path_to_url
"""The glm_l2 reader tests package."""
import os
import unittest
from unittest import mock
import numpy as np
import xarray as xr
def setup_fake_dataset():
"""Create a fake dataset to avoid opening a file."""
# flash_extent_density
fed = (np.arange(10.).reshape((2, 5)) + 1.) * 50.
fed = (fed + 1.) / 0.5
fed = fed.astype(np.int16)
fed = xr.DataArray(
fed,
dims=("y", "x"),
attrs={
"scale_factor": 0.5,
"add_offset": -1.,
"_FillValue": 0,
"units": "Count per nominal 3136 microradian^2 pixel per 1.0 min",
"grid_mapping": "goes_imager_projection",
"standard_name": "flash_extent_density",
"long_name": "Flash extent density",
}
)
dqf = xr.DataArray(
fed.data.copy().astype(np.uint8),
dims=("y", "x"),
attrs={
"_FillValue": -1,
"units": "1",
"grid_mapping": "goes_imager_projection",
"standard_name": "status_flag",
"long_name": "GLM data quality flags",
"flag_meanings": "valid invalid",
}
)
# create a variable that won't be configured to test available_datasets
not_configured = xr.DataArray(
fed.data.copy(),
dims=("y", "x"),
attrs={
"scale_factor": 0.5,
"add_offset": -1.,
"_FillValue": 0,
"units": "1",
"grid_mapping": "goes_imager_projection",
"standard_name": "test",
"long_name": "Test",
}
)
x__ = xr.DataArray(
range(5),
attrs={"scale_factor": 2., "add_offset": -1.},
dims=("x",),
)
y__ = xr.DataArray(
range(2),
attrs={"scale_factor": -2., "add_offset": 1.},
dims=("y",),
)
proj = xr.DataArray(
[],
attrs={
"semi_major_axis": 1.,
"semi_minor_axis": 1.,
"perspective_point_height": 1.,
"longitude_of_projection_origin": -90.,
"latitude_of_projection_origin": 0.,
"sweep_angle_axis": u"x"
}
)
fake_dataset = xr.Dataset(
data_vars={
"flash_extent_density": fed,
"not_configured": not_configured,
"DQF": dqf,
"x": x__,
"y": y__,
"goes_imager_projection": proj,
"nominal_satellite_subpoint_lat": np.array(0.0),
"nominal_satellite_subpoint_lon": np.array(-89.5),
"nominal_satellite_height": np.array(35786.02)
},
attrs={
"time_coverage_start": "2017-09-20T17:30:40Z",
"time_coverage_end": "2017-09-20T17:41:17Z",
"spatial_resolution": "2km at nadir",
}
)
return fake_dataset
class TestGLML2FileHandler(unittest.TestCase):
"""Tests for the GLM L2 reader."""
@mock.patch("satpy.readers.abi_base.xr")
def setUp(self, xr_):
"""Create a fake file handler to test."""
from satpy.readers.glm_l2 import NCGriddedGLML2
fake_dataset = setup_fake_dataset()
xr_.open_dataset.return_value = fake_dataset
self.reader = NCGriddedGLML2("filename",
{"platform_shortname": "G16",
"scene_abbr": "C", "scan_mode": "M3"},
{"filetype": "glm_l2_imagery"})
def test_basic_attributes(self):
"""Test getting basic file attributes."""
import datetime as dt
assert self.reader.start_time == dt.datetime(2017, 9, 20, 17, 30, 40)
assert self.reader.end_time == dt.datetime(2017, 9, 20, 17, 41, 17)
def test_get_dataset(self):
"""Test the get_dataset method."""
from satpy.tests.utils import make_dataid
key = make_dataid(name="flash_extent_density")
res = self.reader.get_dataset(key, {"info": "info"})
exp = {"instrument_ID": None,
"modifiers": (),
"name": "flash_extent_density",
"orbital_parameters": {"projection_altitude": 1.0,
"projection_latitude": 0.0,
"projection_longitude": -90.0,
# 'satellite_nominal_altitude': 35786.02,
"satellite_nominal_latitude": 0.0,
"satellite_nominal_longitude": -89.5},
"orbital_slot": None,
"platform_name": "GOES-16",
"platform_shortname": "G16",
"production_site": None,
"scan_mode": "M3",
"scene_abbr": "C",
"scene_id": None,
"spatial_resolution": "2km at nadir",
"sensor": "glm",
"timeline_ID": None,
"grid_mapping": "goes_imager_projection",
"standard_name": "flash_extent_density",
"long_name": "Flash extent density",
"units": "Count per nominal 3136 microradian^2 pixel per 1.0 min"}
assert res.attrs == exp
def test_get_dataset_dqf(self):
"""Test the get_dataset method with special DQF var."""
from satpy.tests.utils import make_dataid
key = make_dataid(name="DQF")
res = self.reader.get_dataset(key, {"info": "info"})
exp = {"instrument_ID": None,
"modifiers": (),
"name": "DQF",
"orbital_parameters": {"projection_altitude": 1.0,
"projection_latitude": 0.0,
"projection_longitude": -90.0,
# 'satellite_nominal_altitude': 35786.02,
"satellite_nominal_latitude": 0.0,
"satellite_nominal_longitude": -89.5},
"orbital_slot": None,
"platform_name": "GOES-16",
"platform_shortname": "G16",
"production_site": None,
"scan_mode": "M3",
"scene_abbr": "C",
"scene_id": None,
"spatial_resolution": "2km at nadir",
"sensor": "glm",
"timeline_ID": None,
"grid_mapping": "goes_imager_projection",
"units": "1",
"_FillValue": -1,
"standard_name": "status_flag",
"long_name": "GLM data quality flags",
"flag_meanings": "valid invalid"}
assert res.attrs == exp
assert np.issubdtype(res.dtype, np.integer)
class TestGLML2Reader(unittest.TestCase):
"""Test high-level reading functionality of GLM L2 reader."""
yaml_file = "glm_l2.yaml"
@mock.patch("satpy.readers.abi_base.xr")
def setUp(self, xr_):
"""Create a fake reader to test."""
from satpy._config import config_search_paths
from satpy.readers import load_reader
self.reader_configs = config_search_paths(os.path.join("readers", self.yaml_file))
fake_dataset = setup_fake_dataset()
xr_.open_dataset.return_value = fake_dataset
r = load_reader(self.reader_configs)
loadables = r.select_files_from_pathnames([
your_sha256_hash00350.nc",
your_sha256_hash2862200350.nc",
])
assert len(loadables) == 2
r.create_filehandlers(loadables)
self.reader = r
def test_available_datasets(self):
"""Test that resolution is added to YAML configured variables."""
# make sure we have some files
assert self.reader.file_handlers
available_datasets = list(self.reader.available_dataset_ids)
# flash_extent_density, DQF, and not_configured are available in our tests
assert len(available_datasets) == 3
for ds_id in available_datasets:
assert ds_id["resolution"] == 2000
# make sure not_configured was discovered
names = [dataid["name"] for dataid in available_datasets]
assert "not_configured" in names
``` |
Then Barbara Met Alan is a 2022 British television drama film about Barbara Lisicki and Alan Holdsworth, the founders of DAN (Disabled People's Direct Action Network), a disability activism group. It is written by Jack Thorne and Genevieve Barr and stars Ruth Madeley and Arthur Hughes. It broadcast on BBC Two on 21 March 2022.
Plot
After meeting in 1989 at a gig, two cabaret performers, comedian Barbara and activist-performer Alan, fall in love. Fueled by their passion and life experiences of mistreatment by an ableist society, they help found DAN, the Disabled People's Direct Action Network and lead protests for disabled people's rights which eventually lead to the Disability Discrimination Act of 1995. As the movement grows and the pair have a child of their own, the pressure begins to wear on their relationship
Cast
Ruth Madeley as Barbara Lisicki
Arthur Hughes as Alan Holdsworth
Phillipa Cole as Sue
Mat Fraser as Mat
Liz Carr as Liz
Production
The project had the working titles of Piss on Pity and later Independence Day? How Disabled Rights Were Won. During his MacTaggart Lecture at the Edinburgh TV Festival, Thorne said this was the first time he had a budget comparable to regular television drama for a disability-centered project. Concerning production difficulties in general, this lecture referenced a forthcoming report by Screen Skills written by four writers including Jack Thorne and Genevieve Barr, and it debated the ideas behind a forthcoming campaign of the same name, Underlying Health Conditions, concerning TV and disabled people.
The production prioritized disabled talent and visibility, including 17 disabled actors, 55 disabled supporting actors and 50% senior editorial team representation, in addition to extra help from disability groups as consultants and co-ordinators. Lisicki was also involved in the production, providing archival materials and historical consultancy.
Historical alterations
Some historical events and people depicted were altered for dramatic purposes. These include:
The Block Telethon protests in 1990 and 1992 were organised under the name of Campaign to Stop Patronage,
DAN was formally created in the spring of 1993 by around 16 disabled people at a weekend meeting in Norwich,
Some of the later protest events in the film around the compromised Disability Discrimination Act 1995 were organised by a disability campaign called Rights Now! although most DAN members took part in these protests too.
Reception
The film received positive reviews, commending the performances, storytelling and attitude towards disability. Several reviews also noted the presentation of a disabled sex scene on mainstream television. Jack Seale of The Guardian awarded the film five out of five stars, declaring it a 'rollicking fact-based drama'. Sean O'Grady of The Independent also gave it five out of five stars and remarked the film, '(is) as much a moving love story and wryly amusing sitcom as it is an emotionally charged chronicle of a small revolution.' He also praised Madeley and Hughes' performances. Ben Dowell of The Times gave it four out five stars. The Daily Telegraph also gave it four out five stars.
In an article for The Guardian, disability activist and author Frances Ryan extolled the programme's highlighting of an undercelebrated part of civil rights history, as well as its handling of disabled representation on television.
Awards
At the 2023 Broadcast Awards, the film won "Best Single Drama".
References
External links
2022 in British television
British television films
2022 films
Films set in England
Films shot in England
Films with screenplays by Jack Thorne
2020s English-language films |
A 3D selfie is a 3D-printed scale replica of a person or their face. These three-dimensional selfies are also known as 3D portraits, 3D figurines, 3D-printed figurines, mini-me figurines and miniature statues. In 2014 a first 3D printed bust of a President, Barack Obama, was made. 3D-digital-imaging specialists used handheld 3D scanners to create an accurate representation of the President.
Description
The capture of a subject as a 3D model can be accomplished in many ways. One of the methods, is called photogrammetry. Many systems use one or more digital cameras to take 2D pictures of the subject, under normal lighting, under projected light patterns, or a combination of these. Inexpensive systems use a single camera which is moved around the subject in 360° at various heights, over minutes, while the subject stays immobile. More elaborate systems have a vertical bar of cameras rotate around the subject, usually achieving a full scan in 10 seconds. Most expensive systems have an enclosed 3D photo booth with 50 to 100 cameras statically embedded in walls and the ceiling, firing all at once, eliminating differences in image capture caused by movements of the subject. A piece of software then reconstructs a 3D model of the subject from these pictures.
One of the 3D photo booth, which creates life-like portraits, is called Veronica Chorographic Scanner. The scanner participated in the project of Royal Academy of Arts, where people could have themselves scanned. The scanner utilized 8 cameras taking 96 photographs of a person from each angle. Photogrammetry scanning is generally considered more life-like, than scanning with 3D scanners. Mobile based Photogrammetry apps such as Qlone can also be used for 3D capturing a person.
Another method for capturing a 3D selfie uses dedicated 3D scanning equipment which may more accurately capture geometry and texture, but take longer to perform. Scanners may be handheld, tripod mounted or fitted to another system that will allow the full geometry of a person to be captured. One of the well-known full body 3D scanners are Shapify booth, based on Artec Eva 3D scanners, Cobra body scanner by PICS-3D and Twindom Twinstant Mobile.
Production of 3D selfies is enabled by 3D printing technologies. This includes the ability to 3D print in full color using gypsum-based binder jetting techniques, giving the figurine a sandstone-like texture and look. Other 3D printing process may be used depending on the desired result. These products can also be produced in a full colour resin format using Mimaki technology, both of which processes can be found in Selftraits 3D Selfie products.
See also
3D reconstruction
Digitization
Depth map
Full body scanner
Photogrammetry
Range imaging
References
3D printing
Computer vision
Applications of computer vision
Image processing
3D imaging
Self-portraits
Narcissism
3D scanners
Photogrammetry |
The Bewcastle Cross is an Anglo-Saxon cross which is still in its original position within the churchyard of St Cuthbert's church at Bewcastle, in the English county of Cumbria. The cross, which probably dates from the 7th or early 8th century, features reliefs and inscriptions in the runic alphabet. The head of the cross is missing but the remains are high, and almost square in section at the base. The crosses of Bewcastle and Ruthwell have been described by the scholar Nikolaus Pevsner as "the greatest achievement of their date in the whole of Europe".
Date
The cross is similar in many respects to the Ruthwell Cross, though the inscriptions are simpler, and seem to have a memorial function; together they are the largest and most elaborately decorated Anglo-Saxon crosses to have survived mostly intact, and they are generally discussed together.
The dating of both remains controversial, though Éamonn Ó Carragaáin, writing in 2007, says that "although there is lively discussion about the dates of these monuments, there is a growing consensus that both are to be dated to the first half of the eighth century: as it were, to the “Age of Bede” (who died in 735) or to the generation after his death".
There have been suggestions that neither cross was originally a single piece of stone completed in one phase of work, and both have been proposed as the earlier. The theory that the cross is probably the work of the team of masons and sculptors brought in by Benedict Biscop from the 670s to expand the monastery of Monkwearmouth-Jarrow Abbey, then one of the leading centres of culture in the Kingdom of Northumbria is still supported by the Bewcastle website; this reflects the dating of scholars such as Meyer Schapiro.
Reliefs
Each of the four sides of the cross is intricately decorated with reliefs divided into panels depicting figures (west side only), animals, chequers, vine scrolls, interlace knots, as well as a sundial. The north, west, and south sides of the cross feature runic inscriptions. Only the west face depicts human figures: the other three faces comprise panels of interlacing knotwork, vinescroll, and chequer-work.
The west face, which is the one that greets the visitor on entering the churchyard, comprises four panels. Two are arched, and two are square. Three have figures while one comprises runes. The arches and squares alternate down the panel: at the top is a square panel depicting John the Baptist holding the Lamb of God (Agnus Dei) in his left arm and pointing to it with his right hand. Below this is an arched panel in which, as at Ruthwell, a nimbussed Christ is being lifted up on the heads to two identical creatures, raising his right hand in an act of blessing while holding the scroll of life (Rev 5) in his left. This panel is to be understood as Christ the Judge recognised by the beasts. Some have interpreted it as a triumphant Christ treading on the beasts (i.e.vanquishing Satan), however the Latin inscription below the almost identical panel on the Ruthwell Cross explicitly states that Christ the judge is recognised by the beasts of the desert, a reference to Jesus' temptation in the desert in Mark 1:13. In the space between the top two panels is a runic inscription that reads +GESSUS KRISTTUS. Below the arched panel of Christ is a square panel comprising the runic inscription discussed further below. At the bottom of the west face, below the panel of runes, is a much-discussed figure of a falconer in an arched panel, who is possibly St. John the Evangelist with his eagle in an unusual depiction, possibly misunderstood from a Syrian model of John with an oil-lamp.
The sundial on its surface, a canonical sundial, "is by far the earliest English sundial to survive", divided into the four 'tides' that governed the working day in medieval times.
Runic inscriptions
Scholars have contended that only the name Cynnburug is definitely decipherable on the cross. This inscription is on the north face, in the band between the first and second panels (from the bottom). Cyneburh was a wife of Aldfrith but this was a common name at the time and might not refer to Aldfrith's wife. Alfredir was king of Northumbria, and died around 664.
The north side may also contain runes that are barely decipherable above the fifth panel, but may refer to Wulfere, among others, who was a son of Penda, and king of Mercia.
The main runic inscription is located as the second panel from the bottom of the four panels on the west face. A few words on it remain legible, but most of the inscription is now indecipherable because of weathering. Several attempts have been made to interpret them. One such reads it as:
"thissig be(a)cn thun set(t)on hwa(e)tred waethgar alwfwolthu aft alcfrithu ean kuining eac oswiuing gebid heo sinna sawhula"
"This slender pillar Hwætred, Wæthgar, and Alwfwold set up in memory of Alcfrith, a king and son of Oswiu. Pray for their sins, their souls".
possibly referring to Egfrid, son of Oswy and brother of Alhfrith (also Alchfrith or Ealhfrith), who ascended to the throne in 670.
Replica
A replica of the cross, including a guess at the missing part, is in the churchyard of the neo-Romanesque St Mary's Church at Wreay near Carlisle. The Wreay cross differs in style and detail from the original and has been described as a "reinvention".
Gallery
See also
Easby Cross in the Victoria and Albert Museum, with Bewcastle and Ruthwell the best preserved Northumbrian cross
Anglo-Saxon art
Gosforth Cross
Notes
References
Cook, Albert Stanburrough, ed. (1914). Some Accounts of the Bewcastle Cross Between the Years 1607 and 1861 H. Holt and Company.
Cook, Albert Stanburrough (1912) The Date of the Ruthwell and Bewcastle Crosses. Yale University Press.
Ó Carragaáin, Éamonn, Christian Inculturation in Eighth-Century Northumbria: The Bewcastle and Ruthwell Crosses, Colloquium Magazine, Vol 4, Autumn 2007, Yale Institute of Sacred Music, online text, with many photographs
Page, Raymond I. (1960) "William Nicolson, F.R.S., and the Runes of the Bewcastle Cross", Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, 14, pp. 184–90
Pevsner, Nikolaus (1967) The buildings of England – Cumberland and Westmorland. Penguin Books.
Schapiro, Meyer, Selected Papers, volume 3, Late Antique, Early Christian and Mediaeval Art, 1980, Chatto & Windus, London, (includes The Religious Meaning of the Ruthwell Cross (1944), etc.)
Thomson, David, [https://web.archive.org/web/20150718095031/http://www.bewcastle.com/cross.htm Bewcastle information page; ‘The Bewcastle Falconer-Evangelist’, JBAA 161 (2008), 1–23
Wilson, David M. (1984). Anglo-Saxon Art: From The Seventh Century To The Norman Conquest, Thames and Hudson (US edn. Overlook Press).
Anglo-Saxon runes
Anglo-Saxon art
Christianity in Anglo-Saxon England
Archaeological sites in Cumbria
High crosses in England
Runic inscriptions
7th-century inscriptions
8th-century inscriptions
Monumental crosses in England
Monuments and memorials in Cumbria
Jesus in art
John the Baptist in art |
Emmure is an American metalcore band. The group formed in 2003 in New Fairfield, Connecticut, but later moved to Queens, New York. The discography of Emmure consists of eight full-length albums, one EP and three demos.
Studio albums
EPs
Demos
Surrounded By Nothing
Released: 2004
Label: Dead People Ink Records
Format: CDr, Promo
Information: The band's first ever demo. Many of the songs would later get re-recorded under new titles for some of the band's later releases, such as the band's Nine Eleven Zero Four demo and their EP The Complete Guide to Needlework.
Track list:
Symbols of Destruction
One Mind
Crystal Heart
Angels Cry Forever
Never Fade
Dying Dream
Erasing Tomorrow
Burning Bridges
Bitter Sweet
Nothing But Me
Nine Eleven Zero Four
Released: 2004
Label: Self-released
Format: CD-R
Information: was released/sold in a slimline CD case with an image of a deceased cupid as the cover art. The name of the demo is a tribute to the Lionel brother's friend who died on the date September 11, 2004. Guitarist Jesse Ketive engineered/produced all three songs.
Track list:
If God Only Knew
Green Is the Worst Color Ever
Mr. Know It All But No One Asks Me the Right Questions
Untitled Demo 2005
Released: 2005
Label: Self-released
Format: CDr, Promo
Information: Demo recorded at GRS Studios in New York City. All 3 tracks are early demo versions of songs that would later get re-recorded for The Complete Guide to Needlework. The track titled "Untitled" would later acquire the name "22 Exits Away" for the EP.
Track list:
I Should Have Called Mrs. Cleo
Untitled
Johnny Carson Didn't Have To Die
Singles
"Gypsy Disco" (2020)
"Sons of Medusa" (2021)
Music videos
Collaborations
References
Heavy metal group discographies
Discographies of American artists |
Doña Luisa Pérez de Tagle y Sánchez de Tagle, 4th Marchioness of Altamira (1715–1736) was a Spanish-Mexican aristocrat and a member of the House of Tagle, one of Spain's most influential noble families during the 16th to the 19th century.
Early life
Doña Luisa was the only daughter of Don Pedro Pérez de Tagle, brother of the Marquess of Las Salinas and Doña Manuela Sánchez de Tagle, who is by her own right the 3rd Marchioness of Altamira. She was born on May 15, 1715, in Vera Cruz, Mexico, and had was baptized on May 23, 1715.
Family
Doña Luisa succeeded he mother and became the 4th Marchioness of Altamira.
She married Don Juan Rodríguez de Albuerne on 1730. Her husband received from her the hacienda of Cuisillos as dowry and he himself became the Marquess Consort of Altamira.
In 1737, the King of Spain, Ferdinand VI requested her husband information about the number of patients at the Betlemitas Hospital which led to the creation of the Panteón de Belén years later.
Together, the couple had three children:
Manuel Rodriguez de Albuerne y Pérez de Tagle who married María de la Paz Girón Moctezuma, a direct descendant of Emperor Moctezuma II, and a member of the family of the Duke of Moctezuma de Tultengo
Juana Rodríguez de Albuerne y Pérez de Tagle
Cecilia Rodríguez de Albuerne y Pérez de Tagle who married Domingo Trespalacios Escandón, a judge in the Audiencia of Mexico and a member of the Council of Indies.
She was the third cousin of Ana Manuela Muñíz y Sánchez de Tagle, wife of the powerful nobleman Isidro Huarte y Arrivillaga, parents of Empress Ana Maria of Mexico.
Doña Luisa was succeeded by her son, Don Manuel Rodriguez de Albuerne y Pérez de Tagle as the 5th Marquess of Altamira.
References
Tagle. Enigma de un nombre, Historia de un pueblo. Author: José Luis Sáiz Fernández
Nobleza Colonial de Chile. Author: J. Mujica
Diccionario Heráldico y Genealógico de Apellidos Españoles. Author: Alberto y Arturo García Garrafa
Nobiliario de los reinos y Señorios de España. Author: Francisco Piferrer
La Sociedad Chilena del siglo XVIII, Mayorazgos y Títulos de Castilla. Author: Domingo Amunátegui Solar
Patrons, Partisans, and Palace intrigues: the court society of Colonial Mexico. Author: Christoph Rosenmüller
External links
http://gw5.geneanet.org/index.php3?b=sanchiz&lang=es;p=luisa;n=perez+de+tagle+sanchez+de+tagle
http://gw1.geneanet.org/index.php3?b=fracarbo&lang=en;p=jose+bernardo;n=de+tagle+bracho+y+perez+de+la+riva
https://web.archive.org/web/20090220114504/http://per-can.com/CarpD/deTagle/deTagle.htm#Biografia
http://www.ianchadwick.com/tequila/16-17th%20centuries.htm
Marquesses of Altamira
1715 births
1736 deaths |
Epigynopteryx maeviaria is a moth of the family Geometridae. It is found in subtropical Africa and is known from Angola, Congo, Kenya, Malawi, South Africa, Tanzania and Zimbabwe.
The basic colour of this species is dirty light ochreous-yellow, sprayed with black.
Its wingspan is and they are crossed with a large brown stripe.
Subspecies
Epigynopteryx maeviaria maeviaria (Guenée, 1858) - from Congo and South Africa
Epigynopteryx maeviaria triseriata (Bastelberger, 1907) - from Kenya, Congo and Tanzania
References
External links
Pictures at boldsystems.org
Ennominae
Moths described in 1858
Lepidoptera of Angola
Lepidoptera of Malawi
Lepidoptera of Tanzania
Lepidoptera of Zimbabwe
Moths of Sub-Saharan Africa |
So Big is a 1932 pre-Code American drama film directed by William A. Wellman and starring Barbara Stanwyck. The screenplay by J. Grubb Alexander and Robert Lord is based on the 1924 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel of the same name, by Edna Ferber.
So Big was the second full-scale screen adaptation of the Ferber novel. The first was a 1924 silent film of the same name directed by Charles Brabin and starring Colleen Moore. A 1953 remake was directed by Robert Wise and starred Jane Wyman. The story was also made as a short in 1930, with Helen Jerome Eddy, Jody K. Lance.
Plot
Following the death of her mother, Selina Peake and her father, Simeon, move to Chicago, where she enrolls in finishing school. Her father is killed, leaving her penniless, and Selina's friend, Julie Hemple, helps her find a job as a schoolteacher in a small Dutch community. Selina moves in with the Poole family and tutors their son Roelf. Selina eventually marries immigrant farmer Pervus De Jong, and gives birth to Dirk, nicknamed "So Big", who becomes the primary focus of her life. When Pervus dies, Selina struggles to keep the farm afloat so she can afford to finance her son's education, hoping he will become an architect.
Dirk becomes involved with a married woman, who arranges for him to get a job as a bond salesman in her husband's firm, making much more money than as an apprentice architect. Eventually he meets and falls in love with unconventional artist Dallas O'Mara, but she refuses to marry him because of his lack of ambition. Roelf, now a renowned sculptor, meets Dirk and, learning Selina is his mother, reunites with his former tutor. She is pleased to know her influence helped mold Roelf's character, even as she accepts her own son's weaknesses and disappointments.
Cast
Barbara Stanwyck as Selina Peake De Jong
George Brent as Roelf Pool
Dickie Moore as Dirk De Jong (younger)
Bette Davis as Miss Dallas O'Mara
Mae Madison as Julie Hempel
Hardie Albright as Dirk De Jong
Alan Hale, Sr. as Klass Poole
Earle Foxe as Pervus De Jong
Robert Warwick as Simeon Peake, gambler
Dorothy Peterson as Maartje Pool
Noel Francis as Mabel, a "fancy woman"
Dick Winslow as Roelf, age 12
Lionel Belmore as Reverend Dekker (uncredited)
Olin Howland as Jacob Pogadunk (uncredited)
John Larkin as Jeff (uncredited)
Elizabeth Patterson as Mrs. Tebbit (uncredited)
Cast notes:
Bette Davis, cast in the relatively small role of Dallas O'Mara, filmed So Big! simultaneously with The Rich Are Always with Us. Following The Man Who Played God, it was her second film for Warner Bros., and the first in which she appeared with George Brent, who co-starred with her in eleven more films. Davis considered her casting in a prestigious Barbara Stanwyck project a sign Jack L. Warner was acknowledging her value to the studio. In her 1962 autobiography A Lonely Life, she recalled, "It was a source of tremendous satisfaction, and encouraged me to unheard-of dreams of glory.".
Barbara Stanwyck, a rising star, was brought to even bigger fame with the release of So Big!. A year after her role in So Big!, she starred in Baby Face (1933) and The Bitter Tea of General Yen (1933). Her role as Stella Dallas in the 1936 eponymous film was Academy-award nominated largely due to the role she perfected as a mother in So Big!.
Production
After Cimarron became the top grossing film of 1931 and won multiple Academy Awards, a newfound interest was spurred in American historical cinema- particularly that of Ferber's. Considered "box-office material", Warner Bros. decided to remake So Big into a talking cinema, paying Ferber an additional $20,000 for sound rights. Despite Hollywood still recovering from its worst year in the Depression, the film underwent production in 1932 with an estimated budget of $228,000 and a solid cast, including well-known actress Barbara Stanwyck. The credit title was shared between Ferber, who was given director approval, and Wellman as the creator of So Big!. The film was shot from January 11 to February 3, finished in just under a month.
This film distinguished itself from the 1924 adaption starring Colleen Moore because screenwriters J. Grubb Alexander and Robert Lord maintained Ferber's theme of art versus materialism. A prevailing issue in 1932, the hardship farmers faced as a result of the crashing stock market, was accurately portrayed by the film, garnering the support of the public. This, alongside a new wave of American historical films (Abraham Lincoln, 1930; Cimarron, 1931; Silver Dollar, 1932) and Ferber's popularity, made the movie a success.
Critical reception
Andre Sennwald of The New York Times called the film "a faithful and methodical treatment of Miss Ferber's novel, but without fire or drama or the vitality of the original." He added, "A fine actress, Miss Stanwyck seems ill-suited to a role that hustles her in jerky steps from girlhood to old age; a role in which she is asked to express rugged grandeur and the beauty of a life well-lived from behind a mask of grease paint ... Little Dickie Moore is delightful as the younger So Big. Bette Davis ... is unusually competent."
Variety noted, ""Wellman's endeavor at kaleidoscopic flashes in the life of Selina Dejong ... make for a choppy continuity ... As it is, the 83 minutes are overly long, but in toto, it's a disjointed affair."
The New Yorker considered Barbara Stanwyck's performance "the best work she has yet shown us", while the New York Daily Mirror called her "exquisite" and added, "Her great talent as an actress never has been demonstrated more brilliantly. A sparkling performance. She is magnificent."
Critics of the Motion Picture Herald commented, "Warner has remade Edna Ferber's So Big for the talking screen with Barbara Stanwyck in the virile part of a typical American mother whose simple life epic is the backbone of America's greatness... The Ferber classic should not disappoint those who enjoyed the silent version..."
The film was regarded not only for its great cast and detailed adaptation of the novel, but its unusual plot line for Hollywood movies typical of that time. Commentators praised the film for its "characterization...revelation of plain folk doing the things they think, striving always toward a goal of useful citizenship...It goes back to the days when farm life was drudgery, but it brings it up to the day of the tractor, the radio, the automobile, paved highways and so many other conveniences which have radically altered rural life."
References
External links
1932 films
1932 drama films
American drama films
1930s English-language films
Films based on American novels
Films directed by William A. Wellman
Warner Bros. films
Films about educators
American black-and-white films
Films based on works by Edna Ferber
Films with screenplays by Robert Lord (screenwriter)
1930s American films |
Johannesburg is the tenth extended play by British folk rock band Mumford & Sons, which was recorded during the band's tour in South Africa in early 2016. It is a collaboration with Senegalese singer Baaba Maal, South African pop group Beatenberg, and Malawian-British singer-producer combo the Very Best.
The EP was released on 17 June 2016 through Island Records.
Track listing
Personnel
Credits adapted from AllMusic
Mumford & Sons – primary artist, production
Baaba Maal – featured artist
The Very Best – featured artist
Beatenberg – featured artist
Johan Hugo – production
Dan Grech-Marguerat – additional production, programming
Michael Brauer – mixing
Bob Ludwig – mastering
Chris Maas – photography
David East – photography
Ross Stirling – artwork
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
2016 EPs
Mumford & Sons albums
Island Records EPs |
Holistic Image VIII, is a public artwork by American sculptor Betty Gold (b. 1935), located in front of the Danville, Indiana Town Hall which is west of Indianapolis, United States. The sculpture is made of steel and is approximately in height, wide and long. It weighs approximately 8,000 pounds. Completed in 1980, the sculpture was originally owned by the Indianapolis Museum of Art but was deaccessioned in 2009 and donated to the Town of Danville, Indiana.
Description
Holistic Image VIII is a geometric abstract sculpture consisting of a triangle bisected by a pentagon shape with a C-shape cutout on the proper right side, and a curvilinear C-form intersecting proper left front face. Standing sixteen feet tall and sixteen feet wide, it was crafted from a single plate of 1-inch thick raw steel. The artist's monogram, a "G" with a "b" inside, appears on the proper right, back of the sculpture.
Information
After being on display on the grounds of the Indianapolis Museum of Art for several decades, Holistic Image VIII was donated to the Town of Danville, Indiana in 2009. That same year, Danville relocated their Town Hall offices from next to the Hendricks County Courthouse at 147 W. Main Street to the former Danville Middle School at 49 N. Wayne Street. On March 24, 2010, Holistic Image VIII was placed in front of the new Town Hall building, where it is prominently visible upon entering the town of Danville on Rt. 36 / Main Street. The sculpture is known to town residents simply as "Betty."
Holistic Image VIII was donated to Danville along with another contemporary piece called Nimrod which is located in front of the old Town Hall building on Main Street. The Town of Danville explains that both sculptures "add flavor and interest to the Main Street corridor and demonstrate that our community is interested in expanding the historical, cultural, and creative knowledge of its citizens and visitors."
References
External links
Maquette for Holistic Image VIII at the Indianapolis Museum of Art.
Holistic Image VIII on Flickr
Save Outdoor Sculpture!
Outdoor sculptures in Indiana
Culture of Indianapolis
Sculptures in the Indianapolis Museum of Art
Buildings and structures in Hendricks County, Indiana
1980 sculptures
Steel sculptures in Indiana |
Dijana Naumoska (born 5 January 1985) is a retired Macedonian handball player that played for Žito Prilep and the Macedonian national team.
References
1985 births
Living people
Macedonian female handball players |
Elijah Amoo Addo (born 1 August 1990) is a Ghanaian chef and food stylist who has become a social entrepreneur through his creation of Food for All Africa. Established in 2014, Food for All Africa is a non-profit social enterprise that operates West Africa's first community food support center. Based in the capital of Ghana, Accra, the organization uses advocacy and a food-sharing mobile phone app to feed thousands of vulnerable children through food recovery and redistribution. Working with local restaurants, supermarkets, food distribution companies, and rural small-hold farmers, Addo's organization collects leftover food or unwanted food that is close to its use-by date and redistributes it to disadvantaged children in orphanages, hospitals and lower-income schools. The organization is also working on the national policy level to make it easier for suppliers to donate food and claim tax benefits. Additionally, after discovering that as much as 46% of the food produced on farms in Ghana goes to waste because of poor roads, broken-down trucks and inefficient marketing, Food for All Africa is collaborating with a range of stakeholders in the Ghanaian food industry to find ways to reduce food wastage.
In 2017, Addo was awarded a Queen's Young Leaders Award by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II at Buckingham Palace for his contribution towards the reforming of Ghana's food distribution system to reduce waste, overcome hunger, and alleviate poverty and malnutrition. He also received a Takeda Young Entrepreneurship Award from the Takeda Foundation in 2018.
Early life and education
Addo was born on 1 August 1990 in Accra, Ghana but comes from Akuapem-Mampong. The only boy among four children, he lost his parents at the age of 12 and went to live with his aunt in Lagos, where he attended school. He continued his educational journey at St. Thomas Aquinas Secondary School in Accra, Ghana and then completed a course in culinary studies at Sphinx Hospitality school and catering services in Lagos, Nigeria. He holds a certificate in entrepreneurship and management from YALI West Africa RLC-GIMPA and earned a Leading Change certificate from the University of Cambridge in 2017.
Chef Career and Activism
Addo's journey as a chef started in Lagos, Nigeria when he took up a job in a restaurant as a kitchen porter to support his education. One day, in a hurry to go home, he threw out an olive sauce that the head chef had prepared, thinking it was a waste. This made the chef angry to the extent of insulting him. He started crying and yelled out, "Do you think if my parents were alive, I would be here as a cleaner while my colleagues are in school?" This touched the Head Chef, who decided to mentor him and supported him through culinary studies at Sphinx Vocational Training School in Lagos. After training, he got a job in Marios restaurant, then one of the busiest restaurants in Lagos, and in 2010 returned to Ghana to help a Lebanese businessman who had seen his work in Lagos to open Chase Restaurant. After one year he returned to Lagos at the invitation of his mentor to work in their hotel for six months and rose to become the Sous Chef.
Addo came back to Ghana and in 2011, he met a mentally challenged man who was recovering leftover food from street vendors to feed his mentally challenged colleagues on the streets. This inspired him to start the Chefs for Change Ghana Foundation, an NGO that recovered excess food from hospitality companies to feed the vulnerable and advocate against food wastage and hunger. In 2015, Chefs for Change became the Food for All Africa programme, a social enterprise that operates West Africa's first food bank by creating sustainable means of nutrition for vulnerable children, the elderly and the mentally challenged through food banking, farming and a forum for stakeholders within Ghana's food supply chain.
In 2012, he was selected to head the kitchen at +233 Jazz Bar in Accra and became Secretary of the Greater Accra Chefs Association, where he worked with the leadership of the Association to rebrand and focus on training student chefs to improve the standards of delivery in the job market. He also worked at Burger and Relish but in 2015 resigned to focus on heading the Food For All Africa programme. In 2017, he started the Okumkom ("It Ends Hunger") mobile app as a platform to bring affordable local food products to target communities, with its first community store located in Teshie, Accra.
His organization Food for All Africa recovers between $8,000 and $10,000 worth of food annually to support over 5485 beneficiaries across Ghana and in 2014 was selected as one of the 100 Global Best practices to end hunger and poverty in Ghana by Dubai International Awards for Best practices. It hopes to reach and impact 1 million low-income people by 2020.
In 2017, he was selected as one of change-makers from Africa in the Commonwealth for the Queen's Young Leaders Award by Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom at Buckingham Palace in recognition of his work towards social development across the Commonwealth, feeding the less privileged and reforming Ghana's food distribution system to overcome food waste, hunger, poverty and malnutrition. In 2018, he was awarded the 2018 Takeda Young Entrepreneurship Award at the annual Takeda symposium in Tokyo, Japan for his Okumkom mobile app and community food stores initiative, which brings affordable and convenient local food products to communities through a mobile app, website and community target stores.
Awards and Recognitions
2015, Nominated for Future Award Africa award Prize in Community Action
2017, Queen's Young Leaders Award
2017 100 Most Influential Young Africans
2018, Takeda Foundation Young Entrepreneurship Award
2019, Delivered a pitch at the EuroAfrican Forum
References
External links
Elijah Amoo, Ghanaian Chef, 26, Running a Food Bank for the less privileged
Queen honors Ghanaian-born chef over passion for cooking
Living people
Ghanaian businesspeople
1990 births
Ghanaian activists
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Ghanaian chefs |
Goonderoo Reserve is a 593–hectare nature reserve in the Brigalow belt of Queensland, Australia. It is located 40 km south of Emerald, 300 km west of Rockhampton and 835 km north-west of Brisbane. It is owned and managed by Bush Heritage Australia (BHA), by which it was purchased in 1998.
History
The Brigalow belt of Queensland is subject to extensive land-clearing. Goonderoo was on the market and likely to be cleared for agriculture. Its purchase by BHA reflected the need to conserve representative examples of Brigalow belt ecosystems.
Flora and fauna
The reserve contains semi-arid, tropical, open forests, woodlands and savanna. The commonest tree species is brigalow, but there are several other vegetation associations. Bird species of conservation significance include the squatter pigeon, Australian bustard, barking owl and speckled warbler. Mammals recorded include the koala and northern brown bandicoot. The habitat would be suitable for establishing a colony of the endangered bridled nailtail wallaby. Bilbies used to occur on the property.
References
External links
Bush Heritage Australia
Bush Heritage Australia reserves
Nature reserves in Queensland
1998 establishments in Australia |
Niwa is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grębów, within Tarnobrzeg County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Grębów, east of Tarnobrzeg, and north of the regional capital Rzeszów.
References
Niwa |
Kumaramangalam is a village in Namakkal district in Tamil Nadu state in India.
Kumaramangalam is an ancient village near Tiruchengodu, located on a busy state highway between Erode and Namakkal. It houses many engineering, Arts and nursing colleges. In the heart of the city there is a centuries-old Paandeeswaran temple with a huge stone made pond. Kumaramangalam is a traditional Tamil village where there are numerous temples and people lives with culture and harmony. One of the pre independence chief minister of Madras presidency and freedom fighter Dr. P Subbarayan is from Kumaramangalam.
History
We could able to back trace the history of Kumaramangalam only from the 17th century; during that time it was under the rule of Mysore Empire. The well-known Zamin of Kumaramangalam Nanjayya, who built the Kalingarayan dam on the Bhavani river and check dam near Poolampatty near Kumarapalayam, are still serving the people in this area. He constructed a Manimandapam on the Thiruchengodu Hill for Ardhanareeswarar devotees. He did all these activities under the Mughal emperors of Mysore. During that time Kumaramangalam was a well-known Zamin at the kingdom of Mysore.
Demographics
India census, Kumaramangalam had a population of 14824 with 7482 males and 7342 females. Most of the people were belongs to Sengunthar Mudaliar community.
The pincode for Kumaramangalam, Namakkal district is 637205.
Business
Agriculture and Textiles are the main business. Total population is distributed among weavers, farmers and agricultural labors. Power looms or Auto looms plays a major role in the Kumaramangalam's economy.
There is a weekly market (Sandhai) operates every Tuesday near Paandeeswaran temple where all the farmers and local vendors of nearby villages sell their commodities to the people.
Transportation
Bus
As it is located at the very busy highway, there is a round-the-clock bus facility connecting Kumaramangalam with the nearby towns. There are express buses operated via Kumaramangalam to cities like Trichy, Coimbatore, Tirupur, Omalur, Shankaragiri, Duraiyur etc. There are local buses and mini buses operated from Kumaramagalam to Thiruchengodu, Kandampalayam and Kolaram which serves all the nearby villages.
Train
Nearest railway station is Shankaragiri, which is just 10 km away from Kumaramangalam.
Air
Salem Airport is the nearest airport for Kumaramangalam; it is a 90-minute drive from there. Coimbatore and Trichy are the other airports nearer to Kumaramagalam.
References
Villages in Namakkal district |
The 1874 FA Cup final was a football match between Oxford University and Royal Engineers on 14 March 1874 at Kennington Oval in London. It was the third final of the world's oldest football competition, the Football Association Challenge Cup (known in the modern era as the FA Cup). Both teams had previously reached the final but been defeated by Wanderers. The Engineers had reached the final with comparative ease, scoring sixteen goals and conceding only one in the four previous rounds. Oxford's opponents in the earlier rounds had included two-time former winners Wanderers.
The final was decided by two goals from Oxford in the first twenty minutes. Their opponents had spent two weeks training for the match, an innovative concept at the time, but were repeatedly thwarted by Charles Nepean, the Oxford goalkeeper. The Engineers were said to have missed their best back, Lieut. Alfred Goodwyn, who had been posted overseas.
Route to the final
Oxford University and the Chatham-based Royal Engineers were among 28 entrants to the competition in the 1873–74 season. Both teams were ranked among the strongest in the country at the time, especially the Engineers who played 86 games between 1871 and 1875 and lost only three, scoring a total of 240 goals and conceding only 20.
Both teams progressed through the first round of the competition with little difficulty, Oxford defeating Upton Park 4–0 and the Engineers winning 5–0 against Brondesbury. In the second round, the University beat Barnes 2–0 and the "Sappers", as the Engineers were nicknamed, beat Uxbridge 2–1.
The Engineers comprehensively defeated their quarter-final opponents, Maidenhead, winning 7–0, the first time a team had ever scored as many as seven goals in an FA Cup match. Oxford, on the other hand, were paired with Wanderers, who had won the competition in both its first two seasons and never lost an FA Cup match. They had defeated the Engineers in the 1872 final and Oxford in the 1873 final. The first match finished in a 1–1 draw, necessitating a replay which Oxford won 1–0 to end Wanderers' grip on the competition.
Both semi-final matches were played at Kennington Oval, the home of Surrey County Cricket Club, as specified by the rules in use at the time. Royal Engineers defeated Swifts in the first match to be played, and Oxford booked their place in the final a month later with a 1–0 win over Clapham Rovers.
Match
Summary
Oxford were able to call on their first-choice goalkeeper, Charles Nepean, who had been unable to play in the previous year's final, which Oxford lost. They also selected William Rawson, whose brother Herbert was in the Engineers' team. The Engineers, who represented the British Army's Corps of Royal Engineers, had undertaken two weeks of special training before the match, an innovative concept in an era when little importance was placed on training, but were unable to field Alfred Goodwyn, considered to be their best back, as he had been posted to India earlier in the year. Oxford's players were not all students, as the team included Arthur Johnson, an ordained clergyman and Fellow of All Souls College. Around 2,000 spectators were in attendance, a smaller crowd than had attended the previous final.
Oxford won the coin toss and elected to begin the game defending the Harleyford Road end of the stadium. Charles Mackarness gave Oxford the lead after just ten minutes. Following an Oxford corner kick, a melee developed in front of the Engineers' goal, and the ball fell to Mackarness, who shot it over the crowd of players and past goalkeeper William Merriman. Frederick Patton doubled the lead ten minutes later after some skillful dribbling by captain Cuthbert Ottaway and Robert Vidal, who was nicknamed the "prince of dribblers" for his skill in that aspect of the game. Oxford could have had a third goal when they managed to get the ball through the Engineers' goalposts, but the players did not appeal for the goal. At the time, as in cricket, the officials were not permitted to award a goal unless the players appealed for it, thus no goal was given. It is not recorded why the Oxford players never appealed. The best effort for the Engineers came when Henry Renny-Tailyour's shot struck the goalpost. Late in the game the "Sappers" mounted a series of attacks on the Oxford goal but were unable to score, being repeatedly thwarted by Nepean. Oxford thus won 2–0 and secured the cup.
Details
Match rules
90 minutes normal time.
30 minutes extra-time if scores are level, at captains' discretion.
Replay if scores still level.
No substitutes.
Post-match
As occurred each year until 1882, the winning team did not receive the trophy at the stadium on the day of the match, but later in the year at their annual dinner. The secretary of the Royal Engineers club, in his official report, stated that Oxford had thoroughly deserved their victory. Some time after the match, the Engineers discovered that Alfred Goodwyn, their absent star player, had died in India on the day of the final of injuries sustained in a fall from a horse.
References
General
Specific
External links
Line-ups
1874
FA
1874 sports events in London
Oxford University A.F.C. matches
1874 in sports
March 1874 events |
The Tyrolean Hound is a breed of dog that originated in Tyrol also called the Tiroler Bracke or Tyroler Bracke. They are scent hounds that descended from the Celtic hounds in the late 1800s, mainly for their hunting skills. They are hardworking, passionate, and independent dogs not known for their size, but rather their intelligence. For that reason, hunters can regularly use these dogs to catch their prey, wounded or otherwise. Their ability to stretch over long distances, on rough hot or cold terrain for their prey is also another perk of keeping this dog by your side. Hunters do have to worry about injuries to their dog, however, along with the common injuries that these dogs obtain throughout their life, like hip dysplasia or ear infections. Barring any injuries, these dogs tend to live an energetic life for about 12-14 years, and tend to be an overall healthy and robust dog.
Description and history
The Tyrolean Hound, also known as the Tyroler Bracke, is a breed of scent hound originally developed in the 1800s from the Bracke hounds and the Celtic hounds. It was first bred in Tyrol as a dog adapted to hunting in the snow. Emperor Maximilian I used this hound for hunting hare and fox and for tracking wounded game. Breeding began in 1860, and then in 1896 the first standard of breeding was published. Followed shortly thereafter, the Tyrolean Hound was recognized as their own breed in 1908. It was not until 2006, that the Tyrolean Hound was recognized by the United Kennel Club.
As with dogs that come from hardworking scent hound breeds, the Tyrolean hound was bred for their hunting ability. The breed is known for their excellent ability in being able to maneuver through mountainous or heavily wooded areas, and for their amazing scenting skills. This is all made possible with the size of the Tyrolean Hound. It tends to be a medium to large dog, measuring in at about 18.5 to 24 inches tall, and weighing about 35 to 60 pounds for males. Females tend to be smaller physically, only growing to be about 16.5 to 19 inches tall, however, both have a nice flowing outline and tend to be fairly muscular. The Tyrolean Hound, whether male or female, also has a thick double coat, with a coarse undercoat, as opposed to fine. They also tend to have the 3 main colors of red, black, and tan, with patches of white mixed in between.
Body breakdown
Head
The head of the Tyrolean Hound is fairly broad with a slight arch going down the middle. This arch continues into the deep and straight muzzle of the dog, ending down at either a black or brown nose, with black is more desirable.
The teeth of the Tyrolean Hound should be spaced, and it would be normal to notice that the dog is missing one or two premolars. Above the snout, the eyes are not so deeply set, and tend to be dark brown, large, and round. Laying on top of the eye, the third eyelid should be pigmented and the eye rims should be close fitting. Above the eyes, this medium-sized hound has broad flat ears set high on the head with rounded ends. The ears can even reach up to the end of the nose when pulled forward.
Body
The body is compact and rectangular in shape. They have a thick double coat including a coarse undercoat. There are two main colors, red and black with some tan, both of which may have white markings. It has a fast gait and can be used for either tracking or hunting. They have a deep chest that is moderately broad with a muscular fore-chest. The shoulder blades and upper arms are sloping and form a near right angle. The withers are pronounced and the croup slopes gently down the dog. The forelegs are straight with a medium bone, while the hind legs are well feathered, broad, and muscular. Lastly, the tail is set high on the back with a saber curve. The tail is carried high when the dog is excited, and preferably presents feathered with a thick brush of fur.
Temperament
Like many working dogs, the Tyrolean hound is highly active, affectionate, and free-spirited. This is a highly intelligent dog and because of that, it tends to be very independent. While it can be stubborn from time to time, it can be easily trained. For this reason, the dog can make a good family pet, preferably with a big yard or constant access to an open field.
While the dog can have an independent streak and may lead to misbehavior, hunters often appreciate the fact that this dog can hunt alone, following wounded game for long distances. They are widely respected for the ability to hunt in hot and cold weather and in most any terrain. They have a quick, ground covering, and enduring gait, which makes for a passionate hunter who is fast and efficient. Alert and lively, though wary of strangers, this dog can be a tenacious hunter all the way down to a great stay at home pet, almost as if it has an ability to "switch off" and come home to rest. While their lack of aggression limits their ability to be a guard dog, they still have a loud bark to warn anyone that something is amiss, making them great watch dogs.
Health
Lifespan and lifestyle
Tyrolean Hounds have an average life expectancy of about 12 to 14 years overall. These dogs are robust and generally healthy. They need to keep an active lifestyle and have high exercise requirements, though not hyperactive. As puppies, they should be given high-quality dry food until about 12 months when they can be transferred over to adult dry food. They can also take either active or working dog formulas, respectively with their lifestyle. When they are adults it can be necessary to keep them engaged with mental stimulation. Without such exercises or obedience training, they may lose passion in their work or other nuisance behaviors may appear. Also, with the harsh double coat that the Tyrolean Hound bares, they may need to be brushed once or two times a week along with other various health duties such as tooth brushing, coat grooming, and a weekly ear cleaning.
Common health problems
Hip dysplasia
Hip dysplasia is often common in medium to larger sized dogs, especially when they are purebred. This is when the hip forms abnormally, leading to a chronic "wear and tear" leading to inflammation and osteoarthritis.
Hunting injuries
Hunting has its obstacles and hardships for the Tyrolean Hound; the uneven ground and the excess vegetation that may grow. There is also the rotten branches and even the prey they are hunting themselves that can strike back.
Ear infections
The large and droopy ears of the Tyrolean Hound make them very susceptible to infection, particularly when they go swimming. Any of the moisture or foreign debris that finds its way into the ear can cause bacteria and yeast build up, which leads to an ear infection. This can be maintained by cleaning out the ears whenever they come in from hunting, or by routinely cleaning them weekly.
See also
Dogs portal
List of dog breeds
References
FCI breeds
Rare dog breeds
Scent hounds
Dog breeds originating in Austria |
Ali Reza Gerdab (, also Romanized as ʿAlī Rez̤ā Gerdāb) is a village in Vahdat Rural District, Mugarmun District, Landeh County, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 94, in 17 families.
References
Populated places in Landeh County |
Discopodium is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Solanaceae.
Its native range is Tropical Africa.
Species:
Discopodium eremanthum
Discopodium penninervium
References
Solanaceae
Solanaceae genera |
Qianwan station () is an interchange station for Line 5 and Line 9 of the Shenzhen Metro. It opened on 28 September 2019 with Line 5, whilst Line 9 opened on 8 December 2019.
Station layout
Exits
References
External links
Shenzhen Metro stations
Nanshan District, Shenzhen
Railway stations in China opened in 2019 |
The 2015–16 Florida Gators women's basketball team represented the University of Florida in the sport of basketball during the 2015–16 women's college basketball season. The Gators competed in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) and the Southeastern Conference (SEC). They were led by ninth-year head coach Amanda Butler, and played their home games in the O'Connell Center on the university's Gainesville, Florida campus. They finished the season 22–9, 10–6 in SEC play to finish in a tie for fourth place. They lost in the quarterfinals of the SEC women's tournament to Kentucky. They received an at-large bid to the NCAA women's tournament where they were upset by Albany in the first round.
Previous season
The Gators finish the season 13–17, 5–11 in SEC play to finish in a tie for eleventh place. They lost in the first round of 2015 SEC women's basketball tournament to Auburn.
Roster
Coaches
Schedule and results
|-
!colspan=12 style="background:#0021A5; color:#FFFFFF;"| Non-conference regular season
|-
!colspan=12 style="background:#0021A5; color:#FFFFFF;"| SEC regular season
|-
!colspan=12 style="text-align: center; background:#0021A5"|SEC Women's Tournament
|-
!colspan=12 style="text-align: center; background:#0021A5"|NCAA Women's Tournament
Source:
Rankings
2015–16 NCAA Division I women's basketball rankings
See also
2015–16 Florida Gators men's basketball team
References
Florida Gators women's basketball seasons
Florida
Florida
Florida Gators
Florida Gators |
Jane Williams, born Jane Nelson (c.1801? – 6 October 1896), was a pioneering educator in New Zealand. Together with her sister-in-law Marianne Williams she established schools for Māori children and adults. She also educated the children of the Church Missionary Society in the Bay of Islands, New Zealand.
Early life
Jane was baptised in Nottingham on 29 April 1801. She was the daughter of James Nelson and his wife, Anna Maria Dale of Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire.
In 1817 Jane became a teacher at the school for girls in Southwell, Nottinghamshire run by Mary Williams, mother of Henry and William Williams who were both members of the Church Missionary Society (CMS). In 1822 Henry Williams and his wife Marianne Williams sailed to New Zealand, to join the CMS mission in the Bay of Islands. William Williams intended to follow his brother after completing his training. On 11 July 1825, Jane married William Williams. On 12 August William and Jane embarked on to sail to Sydney, Australia, then on to Paihia, Bay of Islands, where they arrived on 25 March 1826.
Jane and her husband had nine children:
Mary, born 12 April 1826; married Samuel Williams
Jane Elizabeth, born 23 October 1827; married Henry (Harry) Williams
William Leonard, born 22 July 1829; married Sarah Wanklyn.
Thomas Sydney, born 9 February 1831
James Nelson, born 22 August 1837; married Mary Beetham.
Anna Maria, born 25 February 1839
Lydia Catherine, born 7 April 1841
Marianna, born 22 August 1843
Emma Caroline, born 20 February 1846; married William Nelson.
Paihia mission
Jane Williams and her sister-in-law, Marianne Williams, shared mission responsibilities and together cared for and educated their families. They set up a boarding school for Māori girls in Paihia and provided classes to the children of CMS missionaries in the morning with schools for Māori children and adults in the afternoon. The teachers included the wives of other CMS missionaries, her daughters, nieces or future daughters-in-law. In 1832 Janes and Marianne Williams, together with Mrs. Brown, Mrs. Fairburn, and Mrs. Puckey, continued in charge of the Native Girls' School, and of an Infant School at Paihia.
Waimate mission
In 1835 William and Jane moved to the Te Waimate mission where she conducted the school for girls and her husband conducted the school boys in addition to as his work on translating the Bible into Māori. On 23 and 24 December 1835 Charles Darwin visited while HMS Beagle spent 10 days in the Bay of Islands.
Tūranga, Poverty Bay Mission
William and Jane and their family arrived at Turanga, Poverty Bay on 20 January 1840. Jane Williams ran the mission during her husband's frequent journeys conducting the work of the mission. They left Waerenga-a-Hika in Poverty Bay in 1865 when it was threatened by a band of Pai Mārire (Hauhau) and returned to Paihia for two years.
Napier, Hawkes Bay Mission
Hawkes Bay was added to the Waiapu diocese and Archdeacon Williams, Jane Williams and their daughters moved to Napier in May 1867. William Williams was consecrated as the Bishop of Waiapu on 3 April 1859 at the meeting of the General Synod at Wellington. Jane and three of her daughters were involved in establishing a school for Māori girls, which became Hukarere Girls' College that opened in July 1875 on Hukarere Road, Napier. Anna Maria Williams, known as 'Miss Maria', as the superintendent of the school, kept the accounts, managed the correspondence and taught English and the Scriptures. She was assisted by her sisters, Lydia Catherine ('Miss Kate') and Marianne ('Miss Mary Anne').
Death
Jane Williams died on 6 October 1896 in Napier. Her obituary said: "The treasure William Williams brought to these shores was that bright, intelligent, courageous and cheerful soul."
References
Sources
Evans, Rex D. (compiler) (1992) – Faith and farming Te huarahi ki te ora: The Legacy of Henry Williams and William Williams. Published by Evagean Publishing, Titirangi, Auckland NZ. (soft cover), (hard cover), (leather bound)
Fitzgerald, Caroline (2004) - Letters from the Bay of Islands. Sutton Publishing Limited, United Kingdom; (Hardcover). Penguin Books, New Zealand, (Paperback)
Gillies, Iain and John (1998) – East Coast Pioneers. A Williams Family Portrait: A Legacy of Land, Love and Partnership. Published by The Gisborne Herald Co. Ltd, Gisborne NZ.
Williams, William (1867) – Christianity among the New Zealanders. London. Online available from Archive.org.
Williams, W. The Turanga journals, 1840–1850. Ed. F. Porter. Wellington, 1974 Online available from ENZB
External links
Porter, Frances (2010a) - "Williams, Jane - Biography" in Dictionary of New Zealand Biography (DNZB) (updated 2010-09-01)
Porter, Frances (2010b) - "Williams, William - Biography" in Dictionary of New Zealand Biography (DNZB) (updated 2010-09-01)
Rogers, Lawrence M. (1973) - Te Wiremu: A Biography of Henry Williams, Pegasus Press.
"Williams, William (1867)" in Christianity among the New Zealanders
1800 births
People from Nottingham
New Zealand educators
New Zealand women educators
English Anglican missionaries
Anglican missionaries in New Zealand
1896 deaths
19th-century New Zealand people
Female Christian missionaries
Missionary educators |
Electric Loco Shed, Ludhiana is a motive power depot performing locomotive maintenance and repair facility for electric locomotives of the Indian Railways, located at of the Northern Railway zone in Punjab, India.
Operation
Being one of the three electric engine sheds in Northern Railway, various major and minor maintenance schedules of electric locomotives are carried out here. It has the sanctioned capacity of 175 engine units. Beyond the operating capacity, this shed houses a total of 198 engine units, including 55 WAG-7 and 143 WAG-9. LDH were holds WAP-4 & WAG-5 locomotives now all transferred to other sheds. Like all locomotive sheds, LDH does regular maintenance, overhaul and repair including painting and washing of locomotives.
In 2020, the depot built a battery-operated shunter using components scavenged from decommissioned locomotives. The shunter can be powered either directly from overhead wires, or from battery power for limited time periods. It operates in place of a diesel shunter.
Locomotives
References
Ludhiana
Ludhiana district
Rail transport in Punjab, India
2001 establishments in Punjab, India |
Yerlikaya is a Turkish surname formed by the combination of the Turkish words yerli ("local; native") and kaya ("rock") and may refer to:
Ali Yerlikaya (born 1968), Turkish bureaucrat
Hamza Yerlikaya (born 1976), Turkish sport wrestler
Hayrettin Yerlikaya (born 1981), Turkish footballer
Turkish-language surnames |
Gedersdorf is a municipality in the district of Krems-Land in the Austrian state of Lower Austria.
Geography
The municipality consists of seven villages: Altweidling, Brunn im Felde, Donaudorf, Gedersdorf, Schlickendorf, Stratzdorf, and Theiß.
History
It was formed in 1967 by the merger of three smaller municipalities.
References
Cities and towns in Krems-Land District |
James V. Eade (born March 23, 1957) is an American chess master, chess administrator, chess tournament organizer, and chess book publisher. He holds the title of FIDE Master. He is best known for the books Chess for Dummies (1996) and The Chess Player's Bible (2004), both of which have been through multiple editions and been translated into seven languages.
He became involved in organizing chess tournaments in the 1990s. He organized the 1995 Pan Pacific International Chess Tournament, the strongest chess tournament ever held in San Francisco, won by Viktor Korchnoi, and the 1996 Hall of Fame tournament, won by Lubomir Kavalek. He also founded Hypermodern Press, a chess publishing company which produced a handful of well-received titles before ceasing operations in 1999.
He was a member of the Policy Board of the United States Chess Federation (USCF) from 1996 to 1999. He has served as American Zone President of FIDE, the World Chess Federation, from 2000 to 2002, and was a Trustee of the U. S. Chess Trust from 2000 to 2019, as well as a past President. He is also a past President of CalChess (the Northern California Chess Association), The Kolty Chess for Youth Foundation (a 501(c)-3 charity), and the Chess Journalists of America, as well as a former chairman of the chess advisory board for UT-Dallas. He is a former editor and publisher of both the CalChess Journal and the Golden Gate Chess News, and was awarded chess educator of the year for 2016 by UT-Dallas. In 2018, the USCF recognized Mr. Eade with the award for Outstanding Career Achievement. In 2019, he started the Eade Foundation (a 501(c)-3 foundation), where he is chairman and CEO. Its web site, https://www.eadefoundation.org/ , won Best Chess Website award for 2021 from the Chess Journalists of America. In 2022, he was awarded the Marquis Who's Who Humanitarian Award and was also recognized by Marquis Who's Who Top Executives for dedication, achievements, and leadership in promoting the game of chess. Marquis Who's Who also named Eade a Distinguished Leader for 2023. Eade won the 2023 Chess Journalists Award for "Best Online Interview". His new book "Freedom" is now available on Amazon. He also hosts the show "Change Your Mind" on Podcast TV.
He lives in Menlo Park, California, where he continues to teach and write about chess.
Books
Books written by James Eade
Books published by James Eade and his Hypermodern Press
Modern Chess Brilliancies (Great Literature Series) by Larry Evans
The Chess of Bobby Fischer (Great Literature Series) by Robert E. Burger
The Bobby Fischer I Knew & Other Stories by Arnold Denker and Larry Parr
The Unconventional King's Indian defense (Competitive Chess Series) by John L. Watson
The Big Book of Combinations Eric Schiller 1995
The Big Book of Busts John Watson & Eric Schiller 1995
References
External links
Jim Eade's Chess Journal
1957 births
Living people
American chess players
Chess officials
People from Menlo Park, California
Chess FIDE Masters |
Ashraf Daniel Mohamad Sinclair (18 September 1979 – 18 February 2020) was a Malaysian actor known for his role as Eddy in the 2005 film Gol & Gincu.
Career
Sinclair began his career in 1997 as the second runner-up of the Hero Remaja men's pageant contest. He later made his acting career debut in the 1998 Petronas commercial Kasut Gombak, along with Vanida Imran. He was also once a host of Box Office Now that was aired on ntv7. Later, he starred in shows such as Gol & Gincu The Series as well as Realiti which aired on 8TV.
In 2017, Sinclair became a venture partner of 500 Startups, a global venture capital seed funder.
Personal life
Sinclair was the eldest of three siblings, his sister is Aishah.
Sinclair married Indonesian singer Bunga Citra Lestari on 8 November 2008. They met in 2007 in Malaysia, while he was hosting Beat TV and Lestari was promoting her album. Sinclair resided in Indonesia after his marriage. The couple had one child.
Death
On 18 February 2020, Sinclair died of a heart attack at Metropolitan Medical Centre in Jakarta. On the same day, his remains were buried in San Diego Hills, West Java.
Filmography
Film
Television series
Sinetron
Television
References
External links
1979 births
2020 deaths
Malaysian television personalities
British expatriates in Indonesia
Malaysian expatriates in Indonesia
Male actors from London
Actors from Croydon |
```xml
import { ExpandedTaxInfoUpdateRequest } from "../../../../billing/models/request/expanded-tax-info-update.request";
export class ProviderSetupRequest {
name: string;
businessName: string;
billingEmail: string;
token: string;
key: string;
taxInfo: ExpandedTaxInfoUpdateRequest;
}
``` |
Last Weekend or The Last Weekend may refer to:
Last Weekend (2005 film), a Russian thriller film
Last Weekend (2014 film), American comedy-drama film
The Last Weekend, 2010 novel by Blake Morrison
The Last Weekend (TV series), 2010 UK miniseries based on the novel
Pure Mule: The Last Weekend, Irish TV drama |
Sergei Martynov (born 22 July 1965) is an archer from Kazakhstan. Martynov represented Kazakhstan at the 1996 Summer Olympics competing in the men's team and men's individual events.
References
External links
1965 births
Living people
Kazakhstani male archers
Olympic archers for Kazakhstan
Archers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Archers at the 1998 Asian Games
Asian Games competitors for Kazakhstan
20th-century Kazakhstani people |
Dicrotophos is an organophosphate acetylcholinesterase inhibitor used as an insecticide. Some common brand names for dicrotophos include Bidrin, Carbicron, Diapadrin, Dicron and Ektafos.
References
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors
Organophosphate insecticides
Carboxamides |
Kathleen A. Osborne Vellenga (born August 5, 1938) is an American politician and novelist.
Vellenga was born in Nebraska. She went to South Dakota State University and received her bachelor's degree in education from Macalester College. Vellenga lived in Saint Paul, Minnesota with her husband and three children, and was an early childhood educator. She served in the Minnesota House of Representatives from 1981 to 1994 and was a Democrat. After she stepped down from the legislature, she served as the executive director of the St. Paul Children's Initiative.
In 2013, she published her first novel Strangers in Our Midst, a work of historical fiction about the friendship between an English passenger on the Mayflower and a Wampanoag woman living on the land that the English soon came to occupy.
The sequel, In the Midst of Bounty, came out in 2016, and the third book in the series, Tides of the Kennebec, was published in 2021.
References
1938 births
Living people
Politicians from Saint Paul, Minnesota
Educators from Minnesota
Macalester College alumni
South Dakota State University alumni
Women state legislators in Minnesota
Democratic Party members of the Minnesota House of Representatives |
Ralph Warren may refer to:
Ralph Warren (American football) (1871–1928), All-American football player
Ralph Warren (Lord Mayor) (c. 1481–1553), twice Lord Mayor of London
Ralph Warren (politician) (1882–1954), Canadian member of Ontario and federal governments |
In the administration of Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the Foreign Economic Administration (FEA) was formed on September 25, 1943 to relieve friction between US agencies operating abroad.
Establishment
The FEA was organized and run by Leo Crowley who was described by his biographer Stuart L. Weiss as "The Nation's #1 Pinch-hitter". Weiss summed up Crowley's management style this way: "Based on his own success in Washington, he had concluded that sound administration meant clearly demarcating lines of authority between agencies and, within each, finding the right staff and giving it only the most basic guidance and coordination".
Weiss' evidence for Crowley's hand in creating the FEA is a memo he sent to James Byrnes on September 21, 1943, giving his "assessment of the conflict and confusion among the economic agencies operating abroad." His lengthy memorandum argued that "the major culprit was the State Department, which interfered with (or micromanaged) the execution of policy when it should only formulate and coordinate it. That led to problems in the field, ranging from wasteful duplication or the more critical problems of needless delays and confusion".
Weiss explains: "The British … were complaining of difficulty in dealing with 'conflicting jurisdictions' in North Africa; and the New York Times was emphasizing 'uncertainty regarding the representative spheres of OEW (Office of Economic Warfare), Lend-Lease, and OFRRO (Office of Foreign Relief and Rehabilitation Operations) … friction between OEW and the War Food Administration as regards foreign food purchases".
According to the New York Times, September 26, 1943, on the occasion of the establishment of the FEA, Roosevelt said that [Crowley is] "one of the best administrators in or out of government, [whom] I find great satisfaction in promoting … to a position which will centralize all foreign economic operations in one operating agency".
When the war was over, Harry Truman closed down the FEA. As he explained in his Memoirs, "When the FEA had been formed in 1943 as a wartime agency, the move involved a merger of all or parts of forty-three different agencies. The functions and services with which it had been charged were such that it could not be stopped suddenly. ... I issued an Executive Order on September 27 terminating the FEA ... not later than December 31, 1945".
In 2007 Martin Lorenz-Meyer published a book that investigated one of FEA's public programs. Naturally the author sketches the career of administrator Leo Crowley (p. 22,25,26) and his organization of the FEA:
Crowley quickly got to work streamlining his new realm of 4,009 employees at home and abroad. He merged fourteen agencies combined into FEA into four and created two bureaus, the Bureau of Areas and the Bureau of Supplies. In general the Bureau of Areas was in charge of determining the needs of the various regions of the world, while the supply side was then responsible for fulfilling those requirements …
… the FEA was in charge of a dazzling array of functions…
The global dimension of the FEA is demonstrated by the fact that in 1944 it had forty-three offices total, with some on every continent except Antarctica.
Misstep
In 1955 Harry Truman recounted in detail in his Memoirs an early incident in the breakdown in the alliance with Russia after the war:
I had my first bad experience in the problem of delegating authority. Leo Crowley, Foreign Economic Administrator, and Joseph C. Grew, Acting Secretary of State, came into my office after the Cabinet meeting on May 8 and said they had an important order in connection with Lend-Lease which President Roosevelt had approved but not signed. It was an order authorizing the FEA and the State Department to take joint action to cut back the volume of Lend-Lease supplies when Germany surrendered. What they told me made good sense to me; with Germany out of the war, Lend-Lease should be reduced. They asked me to sign it, I reached for my pen and, without reading the document, I signed it.
The storm broke almost at once. The manner in which the order was executed was unfortunate. Crowley interpreted the order literally and placed an embargo on all shipments to Russia and to other European nations, even to the extent of having some ships turned around and brought back to American ports for unloading. The British were hardest hit, but the Russians interpreted the move as especially aimed at them. Because we were furnishing Russia with immense quantities of food, clothing, arms and ammunition, this sudden and abrupt interruption of Lend-Lease aid stirred up a hornets' nest in that country. The Russians complained about our unfriendly attitude. We had unwittingly given Stalin a point of contention which he would undoubtedly bring up every chance he had.
See also
Herbert H. Lehman
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration
References
History of the FEA, Box 855, Record Group 34, National Archives.
External links
Records of the Foreign Economic Administration, from archives.gov
Economic aid during World War II
Defunct agencies of the United States government
Economic history of the United States
Foreign relations of the United States
Venona project
Agencies of the United States government during World War II
Government agencies established in 1943 |
Asceticists 2006 is the eighteenth studio album by power electronics group Whitehouse, released in 2006 through Susan Lawly. It was reissued on vinyl format through Very Friendly in October 2008.
Track listing
Personnel
William Bennett – vocals, synthesizers, production
Philip Best – vocals, synthesizers
Denis Blackham – mastering
References
External links
2006 albums
Whitehouse (band) albums |
Caterina Ranieri (31 August 1925 – 3 September 2018), known professionally as Katyna Ranieri, was an Italian singer.
Biography
Ranieri was born in Follonica in 1925. She had her first hit in 1954 at the Sanremo Music Festival with the song "Una canzone da due soldi".
Ranieri enjoyed great success singing "Ti guarderò nel cuore", the Italian vocal version of the theme song of the 1962 film Mondo Cane and the subsequent English vocal version known as "More". She performed this song at the 36th Academy Awards in 1964, becoming the first Italian singer to perform at the Academy Awards.
As an actress, she worked with Nino Rota and Federico Fellini. She sang the title song "Strange World" for the 1968 film Bandits in Milan. Her song "Oh My Love" (originally featured on the soundtrack of the film Goodbye Uncle Tom) was featured on the soundtrack of the 2011 film Drive.
Personal life
In 1956, Ranieri married Italian film composer Riz Ortolani (composer of "More"). She died in Rome on 3 September 2018.
Selected filmography
Captain Phantom (1953)
Tears of Love (1954)
References
External links
1925 births
2018 deaths
People from Follonica
MGM Records artists
Italian women singers |
The Julius Work Calendar is the earliest surviving calendar in England. It was written on parchment at Canterbury Cathedral in around 1020, and is a valuable primary source of Anglo-Saxon history. After the dissolution of the monasteries it was salvaged by Sir Robert Cotton and kept in the Cotton Library; the "Julius" in its name is simply a reference to where it was stored in Cotton's library. Since 2000 it has been stored in the British Museum, catalogued as Cotton MS Julius A VI.
References
Lacey, R. & Danziger, D. (1999) The Year 1000: What Life was Like at the Turn of the First Millennium, Little Brown & Co.
External links
Online copy at the British Library website
Entry at the British Library website
11th-century manuscripts |
Ledingham may refer to:
George Aleck Ledingham (1903-1962), a Canadian mycologist
John Charles Grant Ledingham (1875-1944) Scottish pathologist and bacteriologist
Jonathan Kelly (born Jonathan Ledingham in 1947), an Irish folk rock singer-songwriter
Una Ledingham, British physician
Walt Ledingham (born 1950), a professional ice hockey player |
An Ocean in the Air is the second EP of San Francisco-based indie rock band LoveLikeFire. It was released in 2007. The album received critical praise from Spin magazine.
The music video for the song "I Will" was chosen as an Official Selection of SXSW 2008 Film Festival. The video was shot on 16 mm film and is "carnival-themed".
Track listing
"Unlighted Shadow" – 3:03
"From a Tower" – 4:21
"Broken Shapes" – 4:21
"S.O.S." – 3:48
"Skin & Bones" – 4:36
"Wish You Dead" – 3:48
"I Will" – 3:47
References
2007 EPs
LoveLikeFire albums |
Hanumangarh Junction railway station is a main railway station in Hanumangarh district, Rajasthan. Its code is HMH. It serves Hanumangarh city.
Hanumangarh is a major railway station on Jodhpur–Bathinda line, Sadulpur, Rewari, Jaipur, Sriganganagar, Anupgarh.
Background
Both metre-gauge and broad-gauge lines earlier passed through this station. There is a diamond railway crossing. The broad gauge started in 1982 from Bhatinda to Suratgarh via Hanumangarh and first train was flagged by Milkha Singh.
Development
The metre-gauge train has become history for Hanumangarh because in October 2012 Hanumangarh–Sadulpur metre-gauge track closed and is being converted into broad gauge. Hanumangarh to Sri Ganganagar railway track has been converted into broad gauge and presently three trains are running on this track from Hanumangarh to Sri Ganganagar.
Services
A number of trains connect to this major railway junction.
References
External links
Hanumangarh Junction station on OpenStreetMap
Hanumangarh Junction in pictures - Official website of Indian Railways
Railway junction stations in Rajasthan
Railway stations in Hanumangarh district
Bikaner railway division |
Juraj Pilát (born 2 February 1992) is a Slovak football midfielder who plays for Púchov.
Career
Pilát made his first Corgoň Liga appearance for ViOn against AS Trenčín.
External links
FC ViOn profile
References
1991 births
Living people
Slovak men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
MŠK Púchov players
FC ViOn Zlaté Moravce players
Slovak First Football League players
People from Púchov District
Footballers from the Trenčín Region |
Massimiliano Alvini (born 20 April 1970) is an Italian football coach. He is currently manager of Spezia in the Italian Serie B.
Playing career
As a player, Alvini was a defender who spent his entire short career in the amateur leagues of his native Tuscany, first with Firenze Ovest and then with Signa, before retiring in 2000 due to an injury.
Coaching career
After retirement, Alvini stayed at Signa as a director of football, then as a youth coach, and finally as a head coach. Under his tenure, Signa won promotion to Eccellenza before leaving for Quarrata, guiding them to a spot in the Serie D promotion playoffs and, on a second stint in 2006, promotion to Eccellenza following the club's relegation a year earlier.
In 2009 Alvini was hired as the new head coach of Promozione amateurs Tuttocuoio; under his seven-year tenure in charge of the small Tuscan club, Alvini won an impressive total of four promotions (from Promozione to Lega Pro), as well as a Regional Amateur Coppa Italia in 2009 and the Coppa Italia Dilettanti in 2010, leading to comparisons between him and his personal friend Maurizio Sarri, who also started his career from the regional amateur leagues of Tuscany.
In 2015 he left Tuttocuoio to accept an offer from Lega Pro club Pistoiese, being however sacked on 12 April 2016 due to poor results.
On 11 August 2016 Alvini was appointed as the new head coach of Lega Pro club AlbinoLeffe. After impressive results on his first two seasons and a contract extension in March 2017, he was sacked in November 2018 due to a dismal start in the 2018–19 Serie C campaign.
On 18 June 2019, Alvini signed a one-year contract with Reggiana (still formally called Reggio Audace at that time) as their new head coach following the club's readmission to Serie C. On the club's first Serie C season, Alvini managed to lead them to a promotion playoff spot and eventually winning promotion to Serie B after defeating Bari in the tournament final. For his achievements as Reggiana boss, Alvini was awarded the Panchina d'Oro prize as Serie C's best manager of the season.
Alvini was successively confirmed in charge of Reggiana for the club's 2020–21 Serie B, their first appearance in the Italian second tier in 21 years; he voluntarily left the club by the end of the season after being immediately relegated back to Serie C, despite having been publicly offered to stay in charge of the team.
On 16 June 2021, recently promoted Serie B club Perugia announced Alvini as their new head coach on a two-year deal following the departure of their previous boss Fabio Caserta. Under his guidance, Perugia completed the season in eighth place, qualifying to the promotion playoffs, where they were eliminated in the first round by Brescia after extra time. On 8 June 2022, Perugia announced to have terminated Alvini's contract by mutual consent.
On 9 June 2022, one day after his departure from Perugia, Alvini was unveiled as the new head coach of newly promoted Serie A club Cremonese, with whom he is set to make his debut in the Italian top flight. He was however sacked on 14 January 2023, following a 2–3 home loss to Monza, leaving Cremonese at the bottom of the league table with seven points and no wins in eighteen games in charge of the Grigiorossi.
Honours
Manager
Tuttocuoio
Coppa Italia Dilettanti: 2010
Serie D: 2012–13 (Girone D)
Individual
Panchina d'Oro: 2020
References
1970 births
Living people
People from Fucecchio
Italian men's footballers
Italian football managers
US Pistoiese 1921 managers
UC AlbinoLeffe managers
AC Reggiana 1919 managers
AC Perugia Calcio managers
US Cremonese managers
Men's association football defenders
Serie C managers
Serie B managers
Footballers from the Metropolitan City of Florence |
Walter Aldro Day (born May 14, 1949) is an American businessman and the founder of Twin Galaxies, an organization that tracks world records for video games and conducts a program of electronic-gaming promotions.
Biography
Day was born in Oakland, California, on May 14, 1949.
After moving to the town of Fairfield, Iowa, Day sold commemorative newspapers for a living and in 1980 went to Houston, Texas, to become an oil futures trader. Day soon moved back to Fairfield and became a landlord, purchasing the Twin Galaxies arcade in Ottumwa, Iowa, in 1981. That same year, he appeared on the cover of Time in an edition featuring video games, and he established an online platform to establish rules and compile records for competitive video game playing. Twin Galaxies soon became known as the trusted database for high score records.
Beginning in 1983, Guinness World Records recognized video games as a new category, and Twin Galaxies became the official supplier of verified scores. Day was designated as an assistant editor in charge of video game scores for the 1984 to 1986 editions. At the opening of the 2017 Hugo Awards ceremony, Day presented a Guinness Record recognizing the Hugo Award as the longest-running science fiction award.
Day has appeared in documentary films including Icon (2002), Coin-Op TV (2007), Chasing Ghosts: Beyond the Arcade (2007), The King of Kong: A Fistful of Quarters (2007), Frag (2008), The Video Craze (2013), Gamer Age (2014), The King of Arcades (2015), Nintendo Quest (2015), and Man vs Snake (2015).
Day left Twin Galaxies in May 2010 to pursue a career in music.
References
External links
1949 births
Living people
Esports businesspeople
American referees and umpires
Writers from Oakland, California
Writers from Houston
Writers from Salem, Massachusetts
People from Fairfield, Iowa
Salem State University alumni |
Saint-Ferjeux () is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
See also
Communes of the Haute-Saône department
References
Communes of Haute-Saône |
Tetrabaena is a genus of green algae in the family Tetrabaenaceae.
References
External links
Chlamydomonadales
Chlamydomonadales genera
Articles containing video clips |
James Gilbey is a former British actor. He is possibly best known for playing the character Jack Woodman in the BBC soap opera EastEnders during the early 1990s. Gilbey has since given up performing to work "behind the camera" and worked as creative director for Discovery Networks Europe before becoming Vice President and Group Creative Director of the Discovery Agency by 2014.
Career
Gilbey has a BA (Hons) in English and Art History from Loughborough University. He began his career as an actor during the 1980s, appearing in Play for Today (1980), An Unsuitable Job for a Woman (1982) and Bad Boyes (1988).
In 1992 he was cast as Jack Woodman in BBC's EastEnders—a student who had a fling with the long running character, Michelle Fowler (Susan Tully), and then stalked her. Gilbey's character remained on-screen til April 1993. Following this, Gilbey was involved in the award-winning consumer programme for children's BBC, called Short Change. He worked on the series between 1994 and 1998.
Gilbey went on to work for various international broadcasters including Walt Disney International and Nickelodeon "in a variety of creative production and on-air roles". Gilbey retired from performing, but has remained in the television industry, working "behind the scenes". Gilbey was the creative director for Discovery Networks Europe. His remit included directing and overseeing promotion on Discovery Channel's European, Middle Eastern, and African (EMEA) networks. By 2014, Gilbey had become Vice President and Group Creative Director of the Discovery Agency.
References
External links
English male soap opera actors
Living people
Alumni of Loughborough University
Year of birth missing (living people) |
Zbigniew Jaworowski (17 October 1927 – 12 November 2011) was a Polish physician, radiologist and alpinist. He chaired the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation in 1981 and 1982. He was an investigator for projects by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the International Atomic Energy Agency. Later in his career, Jaworowski disputed that ionizing radiation from the Chernobyl disaster was a major catastrophe for human health and wrote that the movement to remove lead from gasoline was based on a "stupid and fraudulent myth". Outside of his expertise in radiology, Jaworowski published articles criticizing mainstream climate science, including in magazines published by Lyndon LaRouche.
Early life and education
Zbigniew Jaworowski was born on 17 October 1927. He graduated from the Medical Academy in Kraków with an MD in 1952. He earned his PhD in natural sciences in 1963 and his DSc in natural sciences in 1967.
Career
Jaworowski was chairman of the Scientific Council of the Central Laboratory for Radiological Protection in Warsaw and former chair of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (1981–82). He represented Poland in the UNSCEAR since the early 1970s. He was a principal investigator of three research projects of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and of four research projects of the International Atomic Energy Agency.
Jaworowski held posts with the Centre d'Etude Nucleaires near Paris; the Biophysical Group of the Institute of Physics, University of Oslo; the Norwegian Polar Research Institute and the National Institute of Polar Research in Tokyo.
Views on climate change
Jaworowski's works on ice cores were published in Jaworowski (1994, 1992) and in reports Jaworowski (1990, 1992). Jaworowski suggested that the long-term CO2 record is an artifact caused by the structural changes of the ice with depth and by postcoring processes.
Increases in CO2 and CH4 concentrations in the Vostok core are similar for the last two glacial-interglacial transitions, even though only the most recent transition is located in the brittle zone. Such evidence argues that the atmospheric trace-gas signal is not strongly affected by the presence of the brittle zone. Similarly Hans Oeschger states that "...Some of (Jaworowski's) statements are drastically wrong from the physical point of view".
Stephen Schneider said of him that "Jaworowski is perhaps even more contrarian than most, claiming that he can prove the climate is going to get colder through his work excavating glaciers on six different continents, which he says indicates what we should really be worrying about is 'The approaching new Ice Age...'." Jaworowski wrote "The current sunspot cycle is weaker than the preceding cycles, and the next two cycles will be even weaker. Bashkirtsev and Mishnich (2003) expect that the minimum of the secular cycle of solar activity will occur between 2021 and 2026, which will result in the minimum global temperature of the surface air. The shift from warm to cool climate might have already started."
When approached to see if he would bet on future cooling, Jaworowski denied making any prediction, stating "I do not make my own detailed projections. In my paper I referred the reader to B&M paper, and that is all."
Jaworowski published several papers in 21st Century Science and Technology, a non-refereed magazine published by Lyndon LaRouche.
Other views
Jaworowski wrote that the movement to remove lead from gasoline was based on a "stupid and fraudulent myth," and that lead levels in the human bloodstream are not significantly affected by the use of leaded gasoline.
Jaworowski disputed that ionizing radiation from the Chernobyl disaster was a major catastrophe for human health. After Ukrainian environment minister Yuriy Shcherbak published an article in Scientific American raising concerns about the long-term effects on children in high-radiation areas, Jaworowski pushed back, arguing that increased rates of thyroid cancer could have had other causes and questioning why rates of other types of cancer had not increased. In 1999, he argued that radiation exposure from fallout was "grossly exaggerated". He received criticism from his peers for this perspective in Physics Today and defended his position in 2000. In an interview with the BBC, he referred to the concept of a nuclear winter destroying the biosphere following a nuclear war as "old mythology". Jaworowski also rejected the linear no-threshold model (LNT) for what he considered its poor scientific basis and the "dubious moral aspect of its applications". He argued for dropping LNT from radiation protection regulations and thought that radiophobia was the result of decades of anti-nuclear and anti-radiation propaganda.
Primary published articles
Jaworowski, Z., 1968, Stable lead in fossil ice and bones, Nature, 217, 152-153.
Jaworowski, Z., M Bysiek, L Kownacka, 1981, Flow of metals into the global atmosphere, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol. 45, Issue 11, pp. 2185–2199. abstract
Jaworowski, Z., T.V. Segalstad, and N. Ono, 1992, Do glaciers tell a true atmospheric CO2 story?, The Science of the Total Environment, 114, p. 227-284.
Jaworowski, Z., 1994, Ancient atmosphere - validity of ice records, Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 1(3): p. 161-171.
Jaworowski, Z., Hoff, P., Hagen, J.O., et al., 1997, A highly radioactive Chernobyl deposit in a Scandinavian glacier, Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 35 (1), 91-108.
Jaworowski, Z., 1999, Radiation Risk and Ethics, Physics Today, 52(9), September 1999, pp. 24–29. link
Other publications
Jaworowski, Z., Segalstad, T.V. and Hisdal, V., 1990. Atmospheric CO2 and global warming: a critical review., Rapportserie 59, p. 76, Norsk Polarinstitutt, Oslo.
Jaworowski, Z., Segalstad, T.V. and Hisdal, V., 1992a, Atmospheric CO2 and global warming: A critical review., Second revised edition, Meddelelser 119, Norsk Polarinstitutt, Oslo, p. 76.
Jaworowski, Z., 1994, The Posthumous Papers of Leaded Gasoline., 21st century Science and Technology, 7, No. 1, pp. 34–41
Jaworowski, Z., 1996, Reliability of Ice Core Records for Climatic Projections, In The Global Warming Debate (London: European Science and Environment Forum), p. 95.
Jaworowski, Z., 1997, Another global warming fraud exposed. Ice core data show no carbon dioxide increase, 21st Century Science and Technology, pdf
Jaworowski, Z. 1999, The Global Warming Folly, 21st Century Science and Technology, 7 (1), 31-41
Jaworowski, Z., 1999, Radiation Risk and Ethics, Physics Today, 52(9). article on-line
Jaworowski, Z., 2002, The Future of UNSCEAR, Science, 297 (19), p. 335 (letter)
Jaworowski, Z., Winter 2003-2004, Solar cycles, not CO2, determine climate, 21st Century Science and Technology, pdf
Jaworowski, Z., 2007, CO2: The greatest scientific scandal of our time, EIR Science, pdf
See also
The Great Global Warming Swindle - some of Jaworowski's arguments (astronomical causes, water vapor effect) are similar to the one in the movie.
References
External links
Paul Arnold, , BBC, June 14, 2000.
1927 births
2011 deaths
Polish public health doctors
Polish radiologists |
Federal Highway 90 (Carretera Federal 90) connects Irapuato, Guanajuato to Zapotlanejo, Jalisco near Guadalajara. Federal Highway 90 has two main segments.
The first segment runs westward from Zapotlanejo, Jalisco eastward to Irapuato, Guanajuato and connects to Guadalajara via Mexican Federal Highway 80. The total length of the highway segment is 217.6 km (135.2 mi). The second segment runs westward from Mascota, Jalisco eastward to Ameca, Jalisco. The total length of the highway segment is 118.1 km (73.4 mi). Federal Highway 90 connects to Puerto Vallarta via Jalisco State Highway 70.
The highway is under the management of the Secretariat of Communications and Transportation of Mexico and custody is under the responsibility of "The Federal Road Police" (a part of the Federal Preventive Police, PFP). The road runs through the center of Mexico from west to east.
The road connects the following cities from west to east: Zapotlanejo, Ocotlán, Degollado, La Piedad, Pénjamo, Abasolo, and Irapuato.
References
090 |
Elizabeth Ivy McCreight Hutchison (May 26, 1901 – October 1986) was the president of the Teachers College Y. W. C. A.
Early life
Elizabeth Ivy was born in Phoenix, Arizona, on May 26, 1901, the daughter of James Pleasant Ivy (1864-1939) and Vernettie Oscar Greene (1876-1967).
She graduated from Tempe Teachers' College.
Career
Elizabeth McCreight Hutchison was in the original faculty staff at the Tolleson Union High School, established in 1927.
She was the president of the Teachers College Young Women's Christian Association.
She was a member of the Zetetic Society, a modern flat Earth society.
Personal life
Elizabeth Ivy married Robert Littleton McCreight and they had one son, Robert Ivy McCreight, a graduate of University of Southern California. They lived at Route No. 3, Phoenix, Arizona.
On August 4, 1937, she remarried to rancher Sam M. Hutchison (1898-1982).
She died on October 1986 and is buried at Greenwood/Memory Lawn Mortuary & Cemetery, Phoenix.
References
1901 births
1986 deaths
20th-century American educators
People from Phoenix, Arizona |
Suzerainty () includes the rights and obligations of a person, state or other polity which controls the foreign policy and relations of a tributary state, but allows the tributary state internal autonomy. While the subordinate party is called a vassal, vassal state or tributary state, the dominant party is called a suzerain. The rights and obligations of a vassal are called vassalage, and the rights and obligations of a suzerain are called suzerainty.
Suzerainty differs from sovereignty in that the dominant power allows tributary states to be technically independent, but enjoy only limited self-rule. Although the situation has existed in a number of historical empires, it is considered difficult to reconcile with 20th- or 21st-century concepts of international law, in which sovereignty is a binary concept, which either exists or does not. While a sovereign state can agree by treaty to become a protectorate of a stronger power, modern international law does not recognise any way of making this relationship compulsory on the weaker power. Suzerainty is a practical, de facto situation, rather than a legal, de jure one.
Imperial China
The tributary system of China or Cefeng system was a network of loose international relations focused on China which facilitated trade and foreign relations by acknowledging China's predominant role in East Asia. It involved multiple relationships of trade, military force, diplomacy and ritual. The other states had to send a tributary envoy to China on schedule, who would kowtow to the Chinese emperor as a form of tribute, and acknowledge his superiority and precedence. The other countries followed China's formal ritual in order to keep the peace with the more powerful neighbor and be eligible for diplomatic or military help under certain conditions. Political actors within the tributary system were largely autonomous and in almost all cases virtually independent.
The term "tribute system" as applied to China is a Western invention. There was no equivalent term in the Chinese lexicon to describe what would be considered the "tribute system" today, nor was it envisioned as an institution or system. John King Fairbank and Teng Ssu-yu created the "tribute system" theory in a series of articles in the early 1940s to describe "a set of ideas and practices developed and perpetuated by the rulers of China over many centuries." The Fairbank model presents the tribute system as an extension of the hierarchic and nonegalitarian Confucian social order. The more Confucian the actors, the more likely they were to participate in the tributary system.
In practice the behaviours which were collectively seen as a tributary system, involving tribute and gift exchange in return for symbolic subordination, were only formalized during the early years of the Ming dynasty. Tributary members were virtually autonomous and carried out their own agendas despite paying tribute; this was the case with Japan, Korea, Ryukyu, and Vietnam. Chinese influence on tributary states was almost always non-interventionist in nature and tributary states "normally could expect no military assistance from Chinese armies should they be invaded".
The Chinese tributary system was upended in the 19th and 20th centuries as a result of Western and Japanese colonialism. Japan took Korea and the Ryukyu Islands, France took Vietnam, and Britain took Upper Burma.
Since colonial times, Britain had regarded Tibet as being under Chinese suzerainty, but in 2008 the British Foreign Secretary David Miliband called that word an "anachronism" in a statement, and recognized Tibet as part of China.
Ancient Israel and Near East
Suzerainty treaties and similar covenants and agreements between Middle Eastern states were quite prevalent during the pre-monarchic and monarchy periods in Ancient Israel. The Hittites, Egyptians, and Assyrians had been suzerains to the Israelites and other tribal kingdoms of the Levant from 1200 to 600 BC. The structure of Jewish covenant law was similar to the Hittite form of suzerain.
Each treaty would typically begin with an "Identification" of the Suzerain, followed by an historical prologue cataloguing the relationship between the two groups "with emphasis on the benevolent actions of the suzerain towards the vassal". Following the historical prologue came the stipulation. This included tributes, obligations and other forms of subordination that would be imposed on the Israelites. According to the Hittite form, after the stipulations were offered to the vassal, it was necessary to include a request to have copies of the treaty that would be read throughout the kingdom periodically. The treaty would have divine and earthly witnesses purporting the treaty's validity, trustworthiness, and efficacy. This also tied into the blessings that would come from following the treaty and the curses from breaching it. For disobedience, curses would be given to those who had not remained steadfast in carrying out the stipulations of the treaty.
Hittite suzerainty treaty form
Below is a form of a Hittite suzerainty treaty.
Preamble: Identifies the parties involved in the treaty, the author, the title of the sovereign party, and usually his genealogy. It usually emphasises the greatness of the king or dominant party.
Prologue: Lists the deeds already performed by the Suzerain on behalf of the vassal. This section would outline the previous relationship the two groups had up until that point with historical detail and facts that are very beneficial to scholars today, such as scholar George Mendenhall who focuses on this type of covenant as it pertained to the Israelite traditions. The suzerain would document previous events in which they did a favor that benefitted the vassal. The purpose of this would show that the more powerful group was merciful and giving, therefore, the vassal should obey the stipulations that are presented in the treaty. It discusses the relationship between them as a personal relationship instead of a solely political one. Most importantly in this section, the vassal is agreeing to future obedience for the benefits that he received in the past without deserving them.
Stipulations: Terms to be upheld by the vassal for the life of the treaty; defines how the vassal is obligated and gives more of the legalities associated with the covenant.
Provision for annual public reading: A copy of the treaty was to be read aloud annually in the vassal state for the purpose of renewal and to inform the public of the expectations involved and increase respect for the sovereign party, usually the king.
Divine witness to the treaty: These usually include the deities of both the Suzerain and the vassal, but put special emphasis on the deities of the vassal.
Blessings if the stipulations of the treaty were upheld and curses if the stipulations were not upheld. These blessings and curses were generally seen to come from the gods instead of punishment by the dominant party for example.
Sacrificial Meal: Both parties would share a meal to show their participation in the treaty.
India
British paramountcy
The British East India Company conquered Bengal in 1757, and gradually extended its control over the whole of India. It annexed many of the erstwhile Indian kingdoms (hereafter "states") but entered into alliances with others. Some states were created by the East India Company itself through the grant of jagirs to influential allies. The states varied enormously in size and influence, with Hyderabad at the upper end with 16.5 million people and an annual revenue of 100 million rupees and states like Babri at the lower end with a population of 27 people and annual revenue of 80 rupees.
The principle was asserted in a letter by Lord Reading to the Nizam of Hyderabad in 1926, "The sovereignty of the British Crown is supreme in India and therefore no ruler of an Indian State can justifiably claim to negotiate with the British Government on an equal footing." This meant that the Indian states were Crown dependencies or protectorates of the British Indian government. They could not make war or have any direct dealings with foreign states. Neither did they enjoy full internal autonomy. The British government could and did interfere in their internal affairs if the imperial interests were involved or if it proved necessary in the interest of "so stated" good governance. In some cases, the British government also deposed these Indian princes.
Bose and Jalal say that the system of paramountcy was a system of limited sovereignty only in appearance. In reality, it was a system of recruitment of a reliable base of support for the imperial state. The support of the Imperial State obviated the need for the rulers to seek legitimacy through patronage and dialogue with their populations. Through their direct as well as indirect rule through the princes, the colonial state turned the population of India into 'subjects' rather than citizens.
The Government of India Act 1935 envisaged that India would be a federation of autonomous provinces balanced by Indian princely states. This plan never came to fruition. The political conditions were oppressive in several princely states giving rise to political movements. Under pressure from Mahatma Gandhi, the Indian National Congress resolved not to interfere directly but called on the princes to increase civil liberties and reduce their own privileges.
With the impending independence of India in 1947, the Governor-General Lord Mountbatten announced that the British paramountcy over Indian states would come to an end. The states were advised to 'accede' to one of the new dominions, India or Pakistan. An Instrument of Accession was devised for this purpose. The Congress leaders agreed to the plan on condition that Mountbatten ensure that the majority of the states within the Indian territory accede to India. Under pressure from the governor-general, all the Indian states acceded to India save two, Junagadh and Hyderabad. The two states acceded later, under coercion from India. Jammu and Kashmir, which shared a border with India as well as Pakistan, acceded to India when a Pakistan-backed invasion threatened its survival.
Sikkim
Following the independence of India in 1947, a treaty signed between the Chogyal of Sikkim Palden Thondup Namgyal, and the Prime Minister of India Jawaharlal Nehru gave India suzerainty over Kingdom of Sikkim in exchange for it retaining its independence. This continued until 1975, when the Sikkimese monarchy was abolished in favour of a merger into India. Sikkim is now one of the states of India.
Lakshadweep (Laccadives)
Located in the Arabian Sea, Lakshadweep is a Union territory of India off the coast of the southwestern state of Kerala.
The Aminidivi group of islands (Amini, Kadmat, Kiltan, Chetlat and Bitra) came under the rule of Tipu Sultan in 1787. They passed on to British control after the Third Anglo-Mysore War and were attached to the South Canara district. The rest of the islands became a suzerainty of the Arakkal Kingdom of Cannanore in return for a payment of annual tribute.
After a while, the British took over the administration of those islands for non-payment of arrears. These islands were attached to the Malabar district of the Madras Presidency. In 1956, the States Reorganisation Act separated these islands from the mainland administrative units, forming a new union territory by combining all the islands.
Pakistan
The princely states of the British India which acceded to Pakistan maintained their sovereignty with the Government of Pakistan acting as the suzerain until 1956 for Bahawalpur, Khairpur, and the Balochistan States, 1969 for Chitral and the Frontier States, and 1974 for Hunza and Nagar. All these territories have since been merged into Pakistan. These states were subject to the 'paramountcy' of the British Crown. The term was never precisely defined but it meant that the Indian states were subject to the suzerainty of the British Crown exercised through the Viceroy of India.
South African Republic
After the First Boer War (1880–81), the South African Republic was granted its independence, albeit under British suzerainty. During the Second Boer War (1899–1902), the South African Republic was annexed as the Transvaal Colony, which existed until 1910, when it became the Province of Transvaal in the Union of South Africa.
German Empire
Following the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk (1918), the German Empire received a very short-lived suzerainty over the Baltic countries of Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. New monarchies were created in Lithuania and the United Baltic Duchy (which comprised the modern countries of Latvia and Estonia). The German aristocrats Wilhelm Karl, Duke of Urach (in Lithuania), and Adolf Friedrich, Duke of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (in the United Baltic Duchy), were appointed as rulers. This plan was detailed by German Colonel General Erich Ludendorff, who wrote, "German prestige demands that we should hold a strong protecting hand, not only over German citizens, but over all Germans."
Second World War
Despite being occupied by the Axis powers, several Western and Asian countries were allowed to exercise self-rule. Several states were created in order to facilitate their occupation, including Vichy France, Manchukuo, the Empire of Vietnam, the Independent State of Croatia in Croatia and the Lokot Autonomy in Central Russia.
Historical suzerainties
Ottoman Empire
Principality of Serbia
Principality of Samos
Cretan State
Crimean Khanate
Septinsular Republic
Principality of Bulgaria
Principality of Moldavia
Republic of Ragusa
Principality of Romania
Serbian Despotate
Principality of Transylvania
Principality of Upper Hungary
Principality of Wallachia
Khedivate of Egypt
Vilayet of Tripolitania
Eyalet of Tunis
Regency of Algiers
Duchy of Prussia/Kingdom of Prussia/North German Confederation/German Empire
Electorate of Brandenburg (Brandenburg-Prussia)
Principality of Neuchâtel
County of Stolberg-Wernigerode
County of Stolberg-Schwarza (after 1748)
County of Stolberg-Gedern (after 1804)
Grand Duchy of Posen
Duchy of Saxe-Lauenburg
Grand Duchy of Baden (Franco-Prussian War)
Kingdom of Bavaria (Franco-Prussian War)
Kingdom of Württemberg (Franco-Prussian War)
Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine (Franco-Prussian War)
Kingdom of Finland
Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
United Baltic Duchy
Duchy of Courland and Semigallia
Duchy of Estonia and Livonia
Kingdom of Lithuania
Kingdom of Poland
Belarusian Democratic Republic
Ukrainian People's Republic (Treaty of Brest-Litovsk)
Ukrainian State
Crimean Regional Government
Don Republic
Kuban People's Republic
Mountainous Republic of the Northern Caucasus
Transcaucasian Democratic Federative Republic (Otto von Lossow mission)
Democratic Republic of Georgia (Treaty of Poti)
Qing Dynasty
Mongolia
Tibet
Korea
Vietnam
Myanmar
Thailand
Empire of Japan
Ryukyu Kingdom
Korea
In Europe
Habsburg control, as Holy Roman Emperor, over Liechtenstein (1719–1918), previously Schellenberg (1499–1719) and County of Vaduz (1322–1719)
Ireland, under the control of the High King of Ireland.
Piombino (Kingdom of the Two Sicilies)
In Indonesia
Kingdom of Larantuka
Suzerainties in fiction
In J.R.R. Tolkien's The Return of the King, the Mouth of Sauron proposes terms of surrender that would effectively give Mordor suzerainty over Gondor and Rohan: “The rabble of Gondor and its deluded allies shall withdraw at once beyond the Anduin, first taking oaths never again to assail Sauron the Great in arms, open or secret. ... West of the Anduin as far as the Misty Mountains and the Gap of Rohan shall be tributary to Mordor, and men there shall bear no weapons, but shall have leave to govern their own affairs.”
In the Walking Dead comic book series and its television spinoff, Negan and the Saviors are a militant group who establish suzerainty over the various survivor communities in Northern Virginia. Under the pretense of protecting them against zombies and hostile humans, the Saviors threaten subservient communities with extreme violence unless those communities provide regular shipments of food, skilled personnel, and other supplies. The Saviors also disarm these communities but otherwise allow them to remain internally self-governing.
In Season 7 of Supernatural, Castiel briefly attains god-like powers and takes direct control of Heaven. He then meets with the King of Hell, Crowley, to propose an arrangement in which Crowley maintains control over Hell's internal affairs but pledges allegiance to Castiel. He also requires Crowley to give him control over the distribution of souls between Heaven and Hell, as souls are a source of supernatural power that Castiel needs to maintain his dominance. Reasoning that he has no choice, Crowley promptly agrees to this arrangement.
In the grand strategy video game Stellaris, one of the preset playable empires is named the Xanid Suzerainty. In the lore, the “suzerainty” is the Xani race having power over the Vheln race, a distinct, slightly less intelligent species that evolved on the same planet as the Xani.
Suzerainty is a fictional, semi-playable board game within the video game Disco Elysium. Playable only via text interactions, Suzerainty satirizes the sanitized amorality present in many grand strategy games.
See also
Associated state
Client state
Finlandization
Hegemony
Imperialism
Mandala (Southeast Asian history)
Overking
Puppet state
Satellite state
Satrap
Sadae
Special Administrative Region
Tributary state
Tributary system of China
Vassal state
Westphalian sovereignty
References
Inline citations
Sources cited
Types of administrative division
International law
Independence
Sovereignty |
The 2016–17 Liga de Fútbol Profesional Boliviano season was the 40th season of Bolivia's top-flight football league and the last season under the LFPB name. This season comprised three tournaments (Apertura 2016, Apertura 2017 and Clausura 2017) after an agreement was reached between LFPB and ANF (Second Division) to change the calendar to a single calendar year following the reforms implemented for the Copa Libertadores and Copa Sudamericana by CONMEBOL ahead of the 2017 season.
Teams
The number of teams for 2016–17 remained the same as last season. Ciclón was relegated to the Liga Nacional B (Second Division). They were replaced by the 2015–16 Liga Nacional B champion Guabirá.
Torneo Apertura 2016
Standings
Results
Championship playoff
Since The Strongest and Bolívar ended up tied in points, a playoff was played to decide the champion.
Top goalscorers
Source: Soccerway
Torneo Apertura 2017
Standings
Results
Top goalscorers
Source: Soccerway
Torneo Clausura 2017
Standings
Results
Top goalscorers
Source: Soccerway
Aggregate table
Aggregate table playoff decider
Since Petrolero and Universitario ended the season tied in points, a match on neutral ground was played to determine the team that played the promotion/relegation playoff. The loser qualified for the promotion/relegation playoff.
Relegation/promotion playoff
The relegation playoff was played between:
Petrolero (2016–17 Primera División aggregate table 12th place)
Destroyers (2016–17 Liga Nacional B runners-up)
The winner played in the top flight for the 2018 season.
Destroyers won on points (4–1) and was promoted to the Primera División.
References
External links
Official website of the LFPB
2016
2016 in South American football leagues
2017 in South American football leagues
1 |
The Imperial Order of Our Lord Jesus Christ (), simply named Order of Christ, is an order of chivalry instituted by emperor Pedro I of Brazil on 7 December 1822, on the basis of the Portuguese Order of Christ founded by King Dom Dinis and Pope John XXII in 1316–1319.
The order was used to award persons for exceptional services that resulted in notable and proven utility to religion (Roman Catholicism), to humanity and the state. Knights of the Order of Christ were part of the untitled nobility of the Empire of Brazil.
On 22 March 1890, the order was cancelled as national order by the interim government of United States of Brazil. However, since the deposition in 1889 of the last Brazilian monarch, Emperor Pedro II, the order is claimed as a house order, being awarded by the heads of the House of Orleans-Braganza, pretenders to the defunct throne of Brazil. The current Brazilian Imperial Family is split into two branches, Petrópolis and Vassouras, and the Grand Mastership of the Order is disputed between those two branches.
Origin
After the Independence of Brazil Emperor Dom Pedro I continued his inherent authority as the “Fount of Honour” transmitted by his father King Dom João VI of Portugal. His right extended to conferring titles of nobility and also the three ancient Portuguese orders of chivalry: Order of Christ, Order of Aviz and the Order of Saint James of the Sword. Dom Pedro I became the first Grand Master of the Brazilian branch of the Order of Christ. According to historian Roderick J. Barman, Dom Pedro I stated in a decree that his right originated in: “Sovereign Kings my Predecessors, … and especially by my August and Sovereign Father D. João VI.” After the death of his father, Dom Pedro I also became the Grand Master of the Portuguese Order of Christ as King Pedro IV of Portugal.
Description of the Order of Christ in the Almanak Laemmert, court almanac published in 1889:
Created by King Dom Dinis, in 1316. Preserved as a Brazilian order by the law of October 20, 1823. Regulated by decree n. 321 of September 9, 1843. Also decree n. 2853 of December 7, 1861. This order has 12 Grand crosses (treatment of Excellency), not included in these numbers the members of the Imperial family and the princes and foreign citizens; Commanders and Knights are without a set number. The Emperor is the Grand Master; the heir of the Crown is the Major-Commander.
Reform of 1843
In 1834 the Portuguese Order of Christ was reformed by the Liberal government of Portugal and Queen Maria II (sister of Emperor Dom Pedro II). The order lost its military prerogatives with the reform and became a national order. As such the Brazilian branch of the Order of Christ was the only branch that maintained its military status. In 1843 the Brazilian branch was also reformed by Emperor Dom Pedro II and became a national order with decree N. 2853. As such the Order of Christ ended its existence as a military order both in Portugal and Brazil; however the order remained highly regarded by the nobility of Brazil and Portugal as a result of its importance to history and the prestige that it provided to knights. Members of all Brazilian orders of knighthood were part of the untitled nobility regardless of grade, depending on the knight's grade they also received military honors, salutes and honorific styles.
Admission
It was considered relevant and extraordinary services for admittance into all imperial orders after 1861 the following services:
Services provided for the maintenance of the public order and for preservation of the national independence, integrity and dignity.
Services provided during public calamity.
Services provided for the benefit of the parish church (Roman Catholic), roads, waterways and other works or establishments for the public good.
Basically all services that resulted in notable and proven utility to religion, to humanity and the state, that were provided during public, ecclesiastical or military functions; be it in science, letters, arts or industry.
Forms of admission
There were two ways to be admitted to the Order of Christ after the reform of 1861, they were:
The Order was given by the Emperor after review by the Minister of Internal affairs for extraordinary services recognized by the Empire. Members of the Imperial administration, such as ministers of state, the Imperial family and high ranking foreigners were excluded from any requirements.
A citizen could file a petition to the Emperor, the individual had to prove extraordinary services; the process was very complex and involved the approval of different authorities, including the state attorney, the provincial president, the Emperor and sometimes the Bishop.
Requirements for admission
If filing a petition, the following requirements had to be completed:
Art 1. Nobody was admitted to the Empire's honorific orders without a request that proved at least 20 years of distinct services. The only exception was for members of the clergy of the Catholic Church, they were admitted with 10 years of service and also members of the military, they had the years of service counted twice for each year required.
Art 2. The request had to be signed by a representative especially authorized and the following documents had to be added to the request: Authentic documents that proved the services provided; criminal record proving that the individual was not involved as a defendant in a criminal procedure; letters from superior authorities with whom the individual had served attesting to the records; other documents necessary to prove 20 years of service.
Art 3. The provincial attorneys had to give their opinion regarding the individual and after it send the recommendation to the provincial president and the president sent the request to the Imperial government. If the individual was a member of the clergy the Church superiors also had to authorize the request. The provincial president and the bishop had to be explicit about their opinion of the individuals entering the order.
Art 4. The person that petitioned for entrance into the order could use his record of service only once, if a new petition was made he could use only the services provided after the first petition.
Art 5. Admission for any applicant if approved was always in the first grade of the order, individuals could not be promoted without proof of 4 extra years of service after admission to the previous grade.
Loss of Knighthood
Membership into the order was given for life, however, members could be expelled from the order if: a member lost his Brazilian citizenship for breaking articles 2, 3 or 7 of the Imperial constitution; if guilty of a criminal offence; if the individual lost his post in the Guarda Nacional as a result of a criminal offence; and if the individual committed a political crime that resulted in the loss of political rights.
Grades
The Order of Christ was issued in three grades:
Grand Cross, who wore the badge on a sash on the right shoulder, plus the star on the left side of the chest;
Commander, who wore the badge on a necklet;
Knight, who wore the badge on a ribbon on the left side of the chest.
The order had a limit of 12 Grand Crosses, not included in this numbers the members of the Brazilian Imperial Family (grand crosses) and the princes and foreign citizens. There was no maximum numbers set for Commanders and Knights.
Insignia
The insignia were basically the same as the Portuguese Order of the same name, with the addition of a stylized Imperial Crown of Brazil to the badge and a different ribbon to distinguish it from the Portuguese Order.
The badge was entirely different for civil and military knights: the civil knights wore a cross that was a silver gilt and red enamel cross potent formy with decorative chiseled border and with inset white enamel Latin cross. The military knights had a different insignia, this being a gilt, white enameled Maltese Cross with ball-tipped finials, with laurel wreath between the arms. The central disc was on the front a golden rayed disc and on the back a white enameled disc, with a miniature of the above described cross in it; the badge was topped by a gilt imperial crown.
The star of the Order has 22 asymmetrical arms of rays, in gilt for Grand Cross, and in silver for Commander. The central disc was in white enamel, with a miniature of the above described cross in it. The Sacred Heart of Christ was placed at the top of the star.
The ribbon of the Order was red with small blue stripes at each edge.
Recipients
Knights
Other Recipients
Afonso, Prince Imperial of Brazil
Leonel Martiniano de Alencar, Baron of Alencar
José Luís Mena Barreto
Antônio Ferreira Viçoso
Francisco de Sales Torres Homem, Viscount of Inhomirim
Isabel, Princess Imperial of Brazil
Prince Ludwig August of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha
Gonçalves de Magalhães, Viscount of Araguaia
Pedro Afonso, Prince Imperial of Brazil
Pedro Carlos of Orléans-Braganza
Manuel Marques de Sousa, Count of Porto Alegre
Manuel de Araújo Porto-Alegre, Baron of Santo Ângelo
Manuel Pinto de Sousa Dantas, President of the Council of Ministers
Ângelo Moniz da Silva Ferraz, Baron Uruguaiana
Lafayette Rodrigues Pereira
João Henrique Ulrich Júnior
See also
Order of Christ (Portugal)
Order of Christ (Holy See)
External links
The Brazilian Order of Christ - website Medalnet
The Imperial Order of Christ - website of the Brazilian Imperial Family
Original appointment to the Order of Christ signed by Emperor Dom Pedro II, 1887 - Arquivo Público do Estado de São Paulo
Footnotes
References
Sauer, Arthur. Almanak Administrativo, Mercantil e Industrial (Almanaque Laemmert). Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert & C., 1889.
Sauer, Arthur. Almanak Administrativo, Mercantil e Industrial (Almanaque Laemmert). Rio de Janeiro: Laemmert & C., 1862.
Christ, Order of
1822 establishments in Brazil
Awards established in 1822 |
Vasile Ursu (born 1 August 1948) is a Moldovan engineer and politician, MP at the first Parliament of the Republic of Moldova in 1990-1994, acting interim general mayor of Chișinău in 2005-2007 and minister of transport and road management for 2007-2008. In 2008-2009 he held the position of Deputy Minister of Construction and Territory Development.
Vasile Ursu is one of the 278 delegates of the first parliament of the former Moldovan SSR (later known as the Republic of Moldova), who voted the Declaration of Independence of the Republic of Moldova on 27 August 1991.
Biography
Vasile Ursu was born on 1 August 1948 in the Ratuș village of Criuleni District, in the large family of a ploughman. After graduating from the school in his native village, he attended the courses of the Chișinău College of Construction (1964-1968) and then, graduated the Technical University of Moldova (1969-1976), with the diploma of construction engineer.
He then worked as an engineer-builder at the Design Institute of the Ministry of Population Social Service in the MSSR (February - July 1968), then, he did the military service in the Soviet Army, in Riga (July 1968 - June 1969). Returned to the MSSR, he worked as a construction site manager at the "Spetstroimehanization" (1969-1972) and "Chisiniovstroi" (1972-1977), the head engineer and the head of the Construction Directorate no.52 of the "Jilstroi" Trust in Chișinău (February 1977 - April 1981).
He was very active within the Communist Party of Moldavia, where he performed the duties of head of the industry and transport section at the Frunze District Committee of the Communist Party of Moldova (April 1981 - October 1983) and then, as an instructor at the section of construction and communal household of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Moldova (October 1983 - November 1986). Also, between 1982 and 1993, he was a member of the Chișinău District and City Council.
In parallel, he attended the political activist courses at the Kyiv Higher Party School (1984-1986). Returning to the Republic of Moldova, he was appointed the head of the Executive Committee of the Ciocana Soviet district (1986-1991).
After the proclamation of the independence of the Republic of Moldova in 1991, he was praetor of the Ciocana sector in Chișinău municipality (1991-1993), first deputy mayor of Chișinău municipality (1993-1999); later praetor of the Râșcani sector (1999-2003) of the Chișinău municipality.
In parallel, for 1990-1993 he was also a Member of the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova. Being elected in the first Parliament of the Republic of Moldova for 1990–1993, Vasile Ursu voted the Declaration of Independence.
For 1995-1999 he worked in the economic field as first vice-president of the "ASCOM-GRUP" Association S.A. (1995) and then, the president of the “COMCON-VM” S.A. Association (1995-1999).
Acting mayor of Chișinău municipality
Between 2003 and 2005, Vasile Ursu was deputy mayor of Chișinău. On 18 April 2005 the general mayor of Chisinau, Serafim Urechean, who had been elected as an MP in the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova, decided to resign as mayor of Chișinău in favor of the MP chair in the Parliament of the Republic of Moldova (RM). The Acting Mayor was appointed Deputy Mayor Mihai Furtună.
On 26 April 2005, 10 days after, the appointed acting interim mayor, Mihai Furtună was hospitalized, signed the disposition to transfer the acting interim mayor position to the deputy mayor Vasile Ursu, but only for the period of illness and not for an unlimited period.
A part of the Chișinău municipality councilors have stated that the Vasile Ursu's appointment for the position of the acting general mayor of Chișinău municipality was in contravention of the legislation in force. Normally, according to the Law on public administration, if the appointed acting general mayor resigns, only the Chișinău City Council is entitled, within 5 days, to appoint another acting mayor. In this way, I support the councilors of the fraction from the Our Moldova Alliance the non-affiliated councilors and some counselors from other factions which stated that Vasile Ursu "has seized power through blackmail and coercion".
On 10 and 24 July 2005 elections were held for the position of mayor, but they were invalidated due to the low attendance at the polls below 30%.
Vasile Ursu was an independent candidate in the elections of 27 November and 11 December 2005, being supported by the Party of Communists of the Republic of Moldova for the position of the general mayor of Chișinău municipality, but although he got 46.66% of the votes, respectively 52.91%, the election was invalidated due to the low attendance at the polls (22.62% of the voters voted).
In this situation, the decision was made to establish a moratorium on the organization of new elections, and the capital's management being provided by the interim mayor by the beginning of 2007.
Minister of Transport
On 23 January 2007 the President of the Republic of Moldova, Vladimir Voronin, signed the decrees of revocation of Miron Gagauz from the position of Minister of Transport and Road Management, according to the request submitted, and to appoint Vasile Ursu for this position, who was at that time the acting general mayor of Chișinău municipality.
The new minister said his main priority would be to repair the roads. "Of course, roads are the most important for me. To paraphrase Dan Spătaru's song I would say - All our roads will ever be repaired".
Vasile Ursu's appointment as a minister came just four months before the general local elections held in May, elections in which the interim mayor of Chișinău announced his decision not to run for office. Vasile Ursu has resigned as mayor of Chișinău since 25 January 2007 and has delegated the deputy mayor Veaceslav Iordan to carry out the position of acting general mayor of Chișinău.
He kept the position as minister at the new government formed by Zinaida Greceanîi on 31 March 2008. Following a government decision, the Ministry of Transport and Road Management was dissolved and Vasile Ursu resigned from the office on 24 September 2008.
On 22 October 2008 Minister Vladimir Baldovici appointed Vasile Ursu as deputy minister of constructions and territory development.
Personal life
He is married and has two children. He speaks Russian fluently and French with the dictionary.
Distinctions and medals
Vasile Ursu is decorated with the Medal "Civic Merit" (1996), "Order of Honor" (2006) and Order of the Republic (2012). He also received the honorary title of "Man emeritus" (on 1 August 2008).
See also
First Tarlev Cabinet
Second Tarlev Cabinet
References
External links
Primari ai oraşului Chişinău
Mayors of Chișinău
Living people
Moldovan MPs 1990–1994
Government ministers of Moldova
Recipients of the Order of Honour (Moldova)
1948 births
Technical University of Moldova alumni |
Eddie Faulkner (born October 20, 1977) is an American football coach who is currently the running backs coach for the Pittsburgh Steelers of the National Football League (NFL).
Playing career
Faulkner played college football at Wisconsin from 1996 to 2000. He was a tailback, compiling 1,064 yards and seven touchdowns over his career. After his college career was over, he signed a pro contract with the Pittsburgh Steelers before going on to play for the Edmonton Eskimos.
Coaching career
After his playing career was over, he started coaching at Anderson University as a running backs coach before moving on to Ball State.
Ball State
Faulkner joined the coaching staff at Ball State as a graduate assistant in 2003, working all the way up to offensive coordinator in 2009. He was named the interim head coach in 2010 after Stan Parrish was fired.
Northern Illinois
Faulkner left Northern Illinois to accept an assistant coaching position at Pittsburgh before leaving Pittsburgh to take a position at his alma mater Wisconsin.
Wisconsin
Faulkner was named the tight ends coach at his alma mater Wisconsin in 2012.
NC State
Faulkner left Wisconsin after one season to accept a position at NC State as a tight ends and fullbacks coach, and special teams coordinator.
Pittsburgh Steelers
Faulkner was named the running backs coach for the Pittsburgh Steelers on January 17, 2019.
References
External links
Pittsburgh Steelers bio
NC State Wolfpack bio
Ball State Cardinals bio
1977 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Muncie, Indiana
Players of American football from Indiana
American football running backs
Wisconsin Badgers football players
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Edmonton Elks players
Anderson Ravens football coaches
Ball State Cardinals football coaches
Ball State University alumni
Northern Illinois Huskies football coaches
Pittsburgh Panthers football coaches
Wisconsin Badgers football coaches
NC State Wolfpack football coaches
Pittsburgh Steelers coaches |
Eduardo Aznar (28 February 1920 – 20 November 1981) was a Spanish sailor. He competed in the Star event at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1920 births
1981 deaths
Spanish male sailors (sport)
Olympic sailors for Spain
Sailors at the 1948 Summer Olympics – Star
Sportspeople from Getxo
Sailors (sport) from the Basque Country (autonomous community)
Sportspeople from Biscay |
```java
/*
* or more contributor license agreements. See the NOTICE file
* distributed with this work for additional information
* regarding copyright ownership. The ASF licenses this file
*
* path_to_url
*
* Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
* WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
*/
package org.apache.beam.runners.spark.structuredstreaming.translation;
import static org.apache.beam.sdk.Pipeline.PipelineVisitor.CompositeBehavior.DO_NOT_ENTER_TRANSFORM;
import static org.apache.beam.sdk.Pipeline.PipelineVisitor.CompositeBehavior.ENTER_TRANSFORM;
import static org.apache.beam.sdk.util.Preconditions.checkStateNotNull;
import static org.apache.beam.sdk.values.PCollection.IsBounded.UNBOUNDED;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.Serializable;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.function.Supplier;
import javax.annotation.Nullable;
import org.apache.beam.runners.core.construction.SerializablePipelineOptions;
import org.apache.beam.runners.spark.SparkCommonPipelineOptions;
import org.apache.beam.runners.spark.structuredstreaming.translation.batch.functions.SideInputValues;
import org.apache.beam.runners.spark.structuredstreaming.translation.helpers.EncoderProvider;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.Pipeline;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.Pipeline.PipelineVisitor;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.annotations.Internal;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.coders.Coder;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.PipelineOptions;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.options.StreamingOptions;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.runners.AppliedPTransform;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.runners.TransformHierarchy.Node;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.PTransform;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.transforms.View;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.util.WindowedValue;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.util.construction.PTransformTranslation;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.PCollection;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.PInput;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.POutput;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.PValue;
import org.apache.beam.sdk.values.TupleTag;
import org.apache.spark.broadcast.Broadcast;
import org.apache.spark.sql.Dataset;
import org.apache.spark.sql.Encoder;
import org.apache.spark.sql.SparkSession;
import org.apache.spark.storage.StorageLevel;
import org.checkerframework.checker.nullness.qual.MonotonicNonNull;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import scala.reflect.ClassTag;
/**
* The pipeline translator translates a Beam {@link Pipeline} into a Spark correspondence, that can
* then be evaluated.
*
* <p>The translation involves traversing the hierarchy of a pipeline multiple times:
*
* <ol>
* <li>Detect if {@link StreamingOptions#setStreaming streaming} mode is required.
* <li>Identify datasets that are repeatedly used as input and should be cached.
* <li>And finally, translate each primitive or composite {@link PTransform} that is {@link
* #getTransformTranslator known} and {@link TransformTranslator#canTranslate supported} into
* its Spark correspondence. If a composite is not supported, it will be expanded further into
* its parts and translated then.
* </ol>
*/
@Internal
public abstract class PipelineTranslator {
private static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(PipelineTranslator.class);
// Threshold to limit query plan complexity to avoid unnecessary planning overhead. Currently this
// is fairly low, Catalyst won't be able to optimize beyond ParDos anyways. Until there's
// dedicated support for schema transforms, there's little value of allowing more complex plans at
// this point.
private static final int PLAN_COMPLEXITY_THRESHOLD = 6;
public static void replaceTransforms(Pipeline pipeline, StreamingOptions options) {
pipeline.replaceAll(SparkTransformOverrides.getDefaultOverrides(options.isStreaming()));
}
/**
* Analyse the pipeline to determine if we have to switch to streaming mode for the pipeline
* translation and update {@link StreamingOptions} accordingly.
*/
public static void detectStreamingMode(Pipeline pipeline, StreamingOptions options) {
StreamingModeDetector detector = new StreamingModeDetector(options.isStreaming());
pipeline.traverseTopologically(detector);
options.setStreaming(detector.streaming);
}
/** Returns a {@link TransformTranslator} for the given {@link PTransform} if known. */
protected abstract @Nullable <
InT extends PInput, OutT extends POutput, TransformT extends PTransform<InT, OutT>>
TransformTranslator<InT, OutT, TransformT> getTransformTranslator(TransformT transform);
/**
* Translates a Beam pipeline into its Spark correspondence using the Spark SQL / Dataset API.
*
* <p>Note, in some cases this involves the early evaluation of some parts of the pipeline. For
* example, in order to use a side-input {@link org.apache.beam.sdk.values.PCollectionView
* PCollectionView} in a translation the corresponding Spark {@link
* org.apache.beam.runners.spark.translation.Dataset Dataset} might have to be collected and
* broadcasted to be able to continue with the translation.
*
* @return The result of the translation is an {@link EvaluationContext} that can trigger the
* evaluation of the Spark pipeline.
*/
public EvaluationContext translate(
Pipeline pipeline, SparkSession session, SparkCommonPipelineOptions options) {
LOG.debug("starting translation of the pipeline using {}", getClass().getName());
DependencyVisitor dependencies = new DependencyVisitor();
pipeline.traverseTopologically(dependencies);
TranslatingVisitor translator = new TranslatingVisitor(session, options, dependencies.results);
pipeline.traverseTopologically(translator);
return new EvaluationContext(translator.leaves, session);
}
/**
* The correspondence of a {@link PCollection} as result of translating a {@link PTransform}
* including additional metadata (such as name and dependents).
*/
private static final class TranslationResult<IntT, T>
implements EvaluationContext.NamedDataset<T> {
private final String name;
private final float complexityFactor;
private float planComplexity = 0;
private @MonotonicNonNull Dataset<WindowedValue<T>> dataset = null;
private @MonotonicNonNull Broadcast<SideInputValues<T>> sideInputBroadcast = null;
private @Nullable UnresolvedTranslation<IntT, T> unresolved = null;
// dependent downstream transforms (if empty this is a leaf)
private final Set<PTransform<?, ?>> dependentTransforms = new HashSet<>();
// upstream dependencies (required inputs)
private final List<TranslationResult<?, ?>> dependencies;
private TranslationResult(
PCollection<?> pCol, float complexityFactor, List<TranslationResult<?, ?>> dependencies) {
this.name = pCol.getName();
this.complexityFactor = complexityFactor;
this.dependencies = dependencies;
}
@Override
public String name() {
return name;
}
@Override
public @Nullable Dataset<WindowedValue<T>> dataset() {
return dataset;
}
private boolean isLeaf() {
return dependentTransforms.isEmpty();
}
private int usages() {
return dependentTransforms.size();
}
private void resetPlanComplexity() {
planComplexity = 1;
}
/** Estimate complexity of query plan by multiplying complexities of all dependencies. */
private float estimatePlanComplexity() {
if (planComplexity > 0) {
return planComplexity;
}
float complexity = 1 + complexityFactor;
for (TranslationResult<?, ?> result : dependencies) {
complexity *= result.estimatePlanComplexity();
}
return (planComplexity = complexity);
}
}
/**
* Unresolved translation, allowing to optimize the generated Spark DAG.
*
* <p>An unresolved translation can - in certain cases - be fused together with following
* transforms. Currently this is only the case for ParDos with linear linage.
*/
public interface UnresolvedTranslation<InT, T> {
PCollection<InT> getInput();
<T2> UnresolvedTranslation<InT, T2> fuse(UnresolvedTranslation<T, T2> next);
Dataset<WindowedValue<T>> resolve(
Supplier<PipelineOptions> options, Dataset<WindowedValue<InT>> input);
}
/** Shared, mutable state during the translation of a pipeline and omitted afterwards. */
public interface TranslationState extends EncoderProvider {
<T> Dataset<WindowedValue<T>> getDataset(PCollection<T> pCollection);
boolean isLeaf(PCollection<?> pCollection);
<InT, OutT> void putUnresolved(
PCollection<OutT> out, UnresolvedTranslation<InT, OutT> unresolved);
<T> void putDataset(
PCollection<T> pCollection, Dataset<WindowedValue<T>> dataset, boolean cache);
default <T> void putDataset(PCollection<T> pCollection, Dataset<WindowedValue<T>> dataset) {
putDataset(pCollection, dataset, true);
}
<T> Broadcast<SideInputValues<T>> getSideInputBroadcast(
PCollection<T> pCollection, SideInputValues.Loader<T> loader);
Supplier<PipelineOptions> getOptionsSupplier();
PipelineOptions getOptions();
SparkSession getSparkSession();
}
/**
* {@link PTransformVisitor} that translates supported {@link PTransform PTransforms} into their
* Spark correspondence.
*
* <p>Note, in some cases this involves the early evaluation of some parts of the pipeline. For
* example, in order to use a side-input {@link org.apache.beam.sdk.values.PCollectionView
* PCollectionView} in a translation the corresponding Spark {@link
* org.apache.beam.runners.spark.translation.Dataset Dataset} might have to be collected and
* broadcasted.
*/
private class TranslatingVisitor extends PTransformVisitor implements TranslationState {
private final Map<PCollection<?>, TranslationResult<?, ?>> translationResults;
private final Map<Coder<?>, Encoder<?>> encoders;
private final SparkSession sparkSession;
private final PipelineOptions options;
private final Supplier<PipelineOptions> optionsSupplier;
private final StorageLevel storageLevel;
private final Set<TranslationResult<?, ?>> leaves;
public TranslatingVisitor(
SparkSession sparkSession,
SparkCommonPipelineOptions options,
Map<PCollection<?>, TranslationResult<?, ?>> translationResults) {
this.sparkSession = sparkSession;
this.translationResults = translationResults;
this.options = options;
this.optionsSupplier = new BroadcastOptions(sparkSession, options);
this.storageLevel = StorageLevel.fromString(options.getStorageLevel());
this.encoders = new HashMap<>();
this.leaves = new HashSet<>();
}
@Override
<InT extends PInput, OutT extends POutput> void visit(
Node node,
PTransform<InT, OutT> transform,
TransformTranslator<InT, OutT, PTransform<InT, OutT>> translator) {
AppliedPTransform<InT, OutT, PTransform<InT, OutT>> appliedTransform =
(AppliedPTransform) node.toAppliedPTransform(getPipeline());
try {
LOG.info(
"Translating {}: {}",
node.isCompositeNode() ? "composite" : "primitive",
node.getFullName());
translator.translate(transform, appliedTransform, this);
} catch (IOException e) {
throw new RuntimeException(e);
}
}
@Override
public <T> Encoder<T> encoderOf(Coder<T> coder, Factory<T> factory) {
// computeIfAbsent fails with Java 11 on recursive factory
Encoder<T> enc = (Encoder<T>) encoders.get(coder);
if (enc == null) {
enc = factory.apply(coder);
encoders.put(coder, enc);
}
return enc;
}
private <IntT, T> TranslationResult<IntT, T> getResult(PCollection<T> pCollection) {
return (TranslationResult<IntT, T>) checkStateNotNull(translationResults.get(pCollection));
}
@Override
public <T> Dataset<WindowedValue<T>> getDataset(PCollection<T> pCollection) {
return getOrResolve(getResult(pCollection));
}
@Override
public <T> void putDataset(
PCollection<T> pCollection, Dataset<WindowedValue<T>> dataset, boolean cache) {
TranslationResult<?, T> result = getResult(pCollection);
result.dataset = dataset;
if (cache && result.usages() > 1) {
LOG.info("Dataset {} will be cached for reuse.", result.name);
dataset.persist(storageLevel); // use NONE to disable
}
if (result.estimatePlanComplexity() > PLAN_COMPLEXITY_THRESHOLD) {
// Break linage of dataset to limit planning overhead for complex query plans.
LOG.info("Breaking linage of dataset {} to limit complexity of query plan.", result.name);
result.dataset = sparkSession.createDataset(dataset.rdd(), dataset.encoder());
result.resetPlanComplexity();
}
if (result.isLeaf()) {
leaves.add(result);
}
}
private <InT, T> Dataset<WindowedValue<T>> getOrResolve(TranslationResult<InT, T> result) {
UnresolvedTranslation<InT, T> unresolved = result.unresolved;
if (unresolved != null) {
result.dataset = unresolved.resolve(optionsSupplier, getDataset(unresolved.getInput()));
result.unresolved = null;
}
return checkStateNotNull(result.dataset);
}
@Override
public <InT, T> void putUnresolved(
PCollection<T> out, UnresolvedTranslation<InT, T> unresolved) {
// For simplicity, pretend InT is the same
TranslationResult<InT, InT> translIn = getResult(unresolved.getInput());
TranslationResult<InT, T> translOut = getResult(out);
// Fuse with previous unresolved translation if necessary
UnresolvedTranslation<InT, InT> unresolvedIn = translIn.unresolved;
translOut.unresolved = unresolvedIn != null ? unresolvedIn.fuse(unresolved) : unresolved;
translIn.unresolved = null;
// Resolve dataset immediately in case of leaf or when there are multiple downstreams
if (translOut.usages() != 1) {
putDataset(out, getOrResolve(translOut));
}
}
@Override
public boolean isLeaf(PCollection<?> pCollection) {
return getResult(pCollection).isLeaf();
}
@Override
public <T> Broadcast<SideInputValues<T>> getSideInputBroadcast(
PCollection<T> pCollection, SideInputValues.Loader<T> loader) {
TranslationResult<?, T> result = getResult(pCollection);
if (result.sideInputBroadcast == null) {
SideInputValues<T> sideInputValues = loader.apply(getOrResolve(result));
result.sideInputBroadcast = broadcast(sparkSession, sideInputValues);
}
return result.sideInputBroadcast;
}
@Override
public Supplier<PipelineOptions> getOptionsSupplier() {
return optionsSupplier;
}
@Override
public PipelineOptions getOptions() {
return options;
}
@Override
public SparkSession getSparkSession() {
return sparkSession;
}
}
/**
* Supplier wrapping broadcasted {@link PipelineOptions} to avoid repeatedly serializing those as
* part of the task closures.
*/
private static class BroadcastOptions implements Supplier<PipelineOptions>, Serializable {
private final Broadcast<SerializablePipelineOptions> broadcast;
private BroadcastOptions(SparkSession session, PipelineOptions options) {
this.broadcast = broadcast(session, new SerializablePipelineOptions(options));
}
@Override
public PipelineOptions get() {
return broadcast.value().get();
}
}
private static <T> Broadcast<T> broadcast(SparkSession session, T t) {
return session.sparkContext().broadcast(t, (ClassTag) ClassTag.AnyRef());
}
/**
* {@link PTransformVisitor} that analyses dependencies of supported {@link PTransform
* PTransforms} to help identify cache candidates.
*
* <p>The visitor may throw if a {@link PTransform} is observed that uses unsupported features.
*/
private class DependencyVisitor extends PTransformVisitor {
private final Map<PCollection<?>, TranslationResult<?, ?>> results = new HashMap<>();
@Override
<InT extends PInput, OutT extends POutput> void visit(
Node node,
PTransform<InT, OutT> transform,
TransformTranslator<InT, OutT, PTransform<InT, OutT>> translator) {
// Track `transform` as downstream dependency of every input and reversely
// every input is a dependency of each output of `transform`.
List<TranslationResult<?, ?>> dependencies = new ArrayList<>(node.getInputs().size());
for (Map.Entry<TupleTag<?>, PCollection<?>> entry : node.getInputs().entrySet()) {
TranslationResult<?, ?> input = checkStateNotNull(results.get(entry.getValue()));
dependencies.add(input);
input.dependentTransforms.add(transform);
}
// add new translation result for every output of `transform`
for (PCollection<?> pOut : node.getOutputs().values()) {
results.put(pOut, new TranslationResult<>(pOut, translator.complexityFactor, dependencies));
}
}
}
/**
* An abstract {@link PipelineVisitor} that visits all translatable {@link PTransform} pipeline
* nodes of a pipeline with the respective {@link TransformTranslator}.
*
* <p>The visitor may throw if a {@link PTransform} is observed that uses unsupported features.
*/
private abstract class PTransformVisitor extends PipelineVisitor.Defaults {
/** Visit the {@link PTransform} with its respective {@link TransformTranslator}. */
abstract <InT extends PInput, OutT extends POutput> void visit(
Node node,
PTransform<InT, OutT> transform,
TransformTranslator<InT, OutT, PTransform<InT, OutT>> translator);
@Override
public final CompositeBehavior enterCompositeTransform(Node node) {
PTransform<PInput, POutput> transform = (PTransform<PInput, POutput>) node.getTransform();
TransformTranslator<PInput, POutput, PTransform<PInput, POutput>> translator =
getSupportedTranslator(transform);
if (transform != null && translator != null) {
visit(node, transform, translator);
return DO_NOT_ENTER_TRANSFORM;
} else {
return ENTER_TRANSFORM;
}
}
@Override
public final void visitPrimitiveTransform(Node node) {
PTransform<PInput, POutput> transform = (PTransform<PInput, POutput>) node.getTransform();
if (transform == null || transform.getClass().equals(View.CreatePCollectionView.class)) {
return; // ignore, nothing to be translated here, views are handled on the consumer side
}
TransformTranslator<PInput, POutput, PTransform<PInput, POutput>> translator =
getSupportedTranslator(transform);
if (translator == null) {
String urn = PTransformTranslation.urnForTransform(transform);
throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Transform " + urn + " is not supported.");
}
visit(node, transform, translator);
}
/** {@link TransformTranslator} for {@link PTransform} if translation is known and supported. */
private @Nullable TransformTranslator<PInput, POutput, PTransform<PInput, POutput>>
getSupportedTranslator(@Nullable PTransform<PInput, POutput> transform) {
if (transform == null) {
return null;
}
TransformTranslator<PInput, POutput, PTransform<PInput, POutput>> translator =
getTransformTranslator(transform);
return translator != null && translator.canTranslate(transform) ? translator : null;
}
}
/**
* Traverse the pipeline to check for unbounded {@link PCollection PCollections} that would
* require streaming mode unless streaming mode is already enabled.
*/
private static class StreamingModeDetector extends PipelineVisitor.Defaults {
private boolean streaming;
StreamingModeDetector(boolean streaming) {
this.streaming = streaming;
}
@Override
public CompositeBehavior enterCompositeTransform(Node node) {
return streaming ? DO_NOT_ENTER_TRANSFORM : ENTER_TRANSFORM; // stop if in streaming mode
}
@Override
public void visitValue(PValue value, Node producer) {
if (value instanceof PCollection && ((PCollection) value).isBounded() == UNBOUNDED) {
LOG.info("Found unbounded PCollection {}, switching to streaming mode.", value.getName());
streaming = true;
}
}
}
}
``` |
Jack Redden (born 9 December 1990) is a former Australian rules football player who played for the West Coast Eagles in the Australian Football League (AFL).
Early life
Originally from Keith, South Australia, Redden participated in the Auskick program there. He attended Sacred Heart College and played senior football with Glenelg in the SANFL. His brother Tom Redden was once listed as a rookie at the Adelaide Football Club.
Redden was selected with the Brisbane Lions' second selection (pick 25 overall) in the 2008 National Draft.
AFL career
2009
Redden made his senior debut in round 15, 2009 against Geelong, where he kicked one goal. He remained in the Brisbane side for the remainder of the season, including two finals series matches.
2010
Redden was one of few Brisbane players to have played in all 22 game season for the Brisbane Lions in 2010.
Redden was the third player (after Todd Banfield and Tom Rockliff) from the Brisbane Lions to have earned a NAB Rising Star nomination in 2010, an award which recognises the standout performers of the AFL who are of 21 years of age or younger and played 10 games before the conclusion of the current season. Redden ended up losing out to Sydney youngster Dan Hannebery. Redden earned his nomination after what was said to be an "outstanding" performance in a narrow loss against St Kilda.
Alongside his 4 goals, Redden also took 114 marks and had an average of 17 disposals per game. In his second season, he led Brisbane in tackles (with 115) and was ranked third in the club for inside-50s (with 73).
In the end of year Club Champion Award, Redden ended up with a 5th-placed finish with a grand total of 26.5 votes.
2011
2011 has been considered Redden's breakout season, playing some of his best football. Redden's kicked 14 goals in his 22 matches this season. Redden has also had a career-high 32 disposals v Carlton in round 12 and Hawthorn in round 16, a season-high 9 marks v Sydney in round 11 and Collingwood in round 22 and a career-high 13 tackles v Fremantle in round 1 and Port Adelaide in round 15. Redden totalled 166 tackles for the season (ranked 5th for the season and having the 3rd highest average), having the most tackles of players not to have played in the finals. This caused Redden to be ranked 9th on the all-time list of most tackles in a season since statistics for tackles have been counted.
Redden is said to play a crucial role in the current re-building process which the Brisbane Lions team is undertaking. In this reference, Redden is listed alongside Tom Rockliff, Todd Banfield and Daniel Rich who are considered important to the re-building process. Teammate Matthew Leuenberger is also another player who is excited by the future of Redden and co.
Redden has not missed a game since his debut in round 15, 2009.
Redden was listed to be Brisbane's most underrated player in a club-by-club analysis of the most underrated players by Fox Sports journalists John Clark and Paul Pickering. Redden was noted to "rarely earn the plaudits as peers Daniel Rich and Tom Rockliff".
With club legend Simon Black considered to be on the back-end of his career, Redden was also considered to be one of the players which could take over the role. In an interview after Brisbane's loss to Richmond in round 13, Redden said "it'll be big shoes to fill when Blacky (Simon Black) does leave... but most definitely I would love to take that spot in the team" but yet admits "there's plenty of other boys that have the potential to do that". In the article, Whiting said Redden has a "hunger for the contested footy" and is a "composed young player with strong hands overhead and a great work ethic".
Redden ranked 3rd in the Brisbane best and fairest awards (otherwise known as the Merrett-Murray Medal) in 2011 with 35 votes, finishing only 2.5 votes behind winner Tom Rockliff and half a vote behind runner-up Simon Black. Because of his third-place finish, Redden won the Alistair Lynch trophy. Also, Redden was announced as being the most courageous player for Brisbane in the year, winning him the Shaun Hart Most Courageous Player award.
Redden also polled his first Brownlow Medal vote this year, the award which rewards the AFL's fairest and best player. Redden polled the vote in his 27 disposal, 2 goal and 12 tackle effort v St Kilda in round 5.
2015
Redden was traded to in October in exchange for pick 17 in the off season.
2018
Redden won his first premiership at the Eagles after defeating Collingwood by 5 points. He placed runner up in the John Worsfold Medal count for the Eagles and was also named player of the finals.
2022
After playing a good season individually for a season that would want to be forgotten for the Eagles, Redden retired from the game after 14 seasons, seven of those being in Eagle colours. He finished his career at the age of 31 playing 263 games.
Statistics
Statistics are correct to the end of round 5, 2019
|-
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2009
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 30 || 10 || 6 || 4 || 74 || 64 || 138 || 37 || 35 || 0.6 || 0.4 || 7.4 || 6.4 || 13.8 || 3.7 || 3.5
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2010
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 30 || 22 || 4 || 11 || 191 || 194 || 385 || 114 || 115 || 0.2 || 0.5 || 8.7 || 8.8 || 17.5 || 5.2 || 5.2
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2011
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 30 || 22 || 14 || 5 || 284 || 242 || 526 || 119 || 166 || 0.6 || 0.2 || 12.9 || 11.0 || 23.9 || 5.4 || 7.5
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2012
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 30 || 22 || 11 || 3 || 263 || 286 || 549 || 108 || 142 || 0.5 || 0.1 || 12.0 || 13.0 || 25.0 || 4.9 || 6.5
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2013
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 30 || 22 || 9 || 7 || 246 || 235 || 481 || 89 || 147 || 0.4 || 0.3 || 11.2 || 10.7 || 21.9 || 4.0 || 6.7
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2014
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 30 || 14 || 6 || 4 || 188 || 146 || 334 || 71 || 98 || 0.4 || 0.3 || 13.4 || 10.4 || 23.8 || 5.1 || 7.0
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2015
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 30 || 17 || 2 || 1 || 210 || 191 || 401 || 83 || 103 || 0.1 || 0.1 || 12.4 || 11.2 || 23.6 || 4.9 || 6.1
|-
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2016
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 8 || 15 || 5 || 4 || 102 || 139 || 241 || 42 || 72 || 0.3 || 0.3 || 6.8 || 9.3 || 16.1 || 2.8 || 4.8
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2017
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 8 || 19 || 4 || 1 || 187 || 202 || 389 || 87 || 98 || 0.2 || 0.1 || 9.8 || 10.6 || 20.5 || 4.6 || 5.2
|-
|style="text-align:center;background:#afe6ba;"|2018†
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 8 || 25 || 10 || 4 || 351 || 277 || 628 || 140 || 118 || 0.4 || 0.2 || 14.0 || 11.1 || 25.1 || 5.6 || 4.7
|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA"
! scope="row" style="text-align:center" | 2019
|style="text-align:center;"|
| 8 || 5 || 0 || 0 || 64 || 50 || 114 || 29 || 15 || 0.0 || 0.0 || 12.8 || 10.0 || 22.8 || 5.8 || 3.0
|- class="sortbottom"
! colspan=3| Career
! 193
! 71
! 44
! 2160
! 2026
! 4186
! 919
! 1109
! 0.4
! 0.2
! 11.2
! 10.5
! 21.7
! 4.8
! 5.7
|}
Notes
External links
1990 births
Living people
Brisbane Lions players
Glenelg Football Club players
Australian rules footballers from South Australia
West Coast Eagles players
West Coast Eagles premiership players
People from Keith, South Australia
East Perth Football Club players
People educated at Sacred Heart College, Adelaide
VFL/AFL premiership players |
Legs on the Wall is an Australian physical theatre company based in Sydney. Formed in 1984, Legs on the Wall's performances combine acrobatics with dance, circus skills and technology. It creates aerial outdoor shows and theatre productions, performing within Australia and internationally.
Artistic intentions
Legs on the Wall's initial motives were to take the interconnections between story/theatre and circus that were emerging in Australia at the time, and further develop them, by forming a strong relationship between physical performance and Australian cultural identity.
History
The company began with two female and two male performers, who wished to uphold the concept of gender equality within their group. The company embraces a "collective process" of collaboration amongst the performers. In the early days, performances were geared towards political activism. One such show, Bruce cuts off his hand addressed workplace accidents, and premiered in Newcastle, an industrial area.
Recognition
Legs on the Wall received the 1994 Sidney Myer Performing Arts Award for a group. Its production On the Case was named Best Visual or Physical Theatre Production at the 2006 Helpmann Awards.
Noted performances
They performed at the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney and the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing. They also performed at the London 2012 Cultural Olympiad, an artistic format associated with the London Olympics.
References
Theatre companies in Australia
Physical theatre
Theatre in Sydney |
Petkum () is the easternmost district () of the German city of Emden, in Lower Saxony. It is located to the east of Widdelswehr. Until 1972 it was part of the Leer district, since then it has been administratively part of the city of Emden.
The small East Frisian village, the oldest center located on a warft on the Eems, has a long history: in 2006 Petkum celebrated the 1200th anniversary of the village. The St. Antonius Church in the village was built in the thirteenth century. The village is connected by ferry to Ditzum on the other side of the river.
The former Herrlichkeit of Petkum with its own administration and jurisdiction was first mentioned in the 10th century as Pettinghem. In 1364 the place was also recorded as Pectium. Today's spelling has been documented since 1369. The settlement's name can probably be translated as "dwelling of the people of Patjo" or
"dwelling of the people of Bado".
A branch of the prominent Ripperda family originated from Petkum.
Gallery
References
External links
Emden
Towns and villages in East Frisia
Villages in Lower Saxony |
Amorbaea hepatica is a moth in the family Xyloryctidae. It was described by Edward Meyrick in 1908. It is found in India.
The wingspan is 22–26 mm. The forewings are purple-brownish ochreous, more purplish towards the base and with the costal edge finely yellowish. The hindwings are ochreous yellowish, with a slight fuscous tinge.
References
Xyloryctidae
Moths described in 1908
Moths of Asia |
Dromaeosauripus is an ichnogenus that has been attributed to dromaeosaurs. Dromaeosauripus footprints have been found at Dinosaur Ridge in the United States, Bito Island Tracksite in South Korea's Bito Island, and the Hekou Group in China.
Dromaeosauripus yongjingensis
In 2012, D. yongjingensis was described from tracks in the Hekou Group. D. yongjingensis shows prominent toe and heel pads. Heel pads are apparently absent in other Dromaeosauripus, probably due to behavior, preservation, and/or substrate consistency.
See also
List of dinosaur ichnogenera
Ichnology
References
Dinosaur trace fossils |
Crestmore Heights is a former census-designated place in Riverside County, California, now part of the city of Jurupa Valley, California. Crestmore Heights sits at an elevation of . The 2010 United States census reported Crestmore Heights's population was 384.
Geography
The community is located on the south side of Fontana, north of downtown Riverside, California, and west of the Santa Ana River.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the CDP covers an area of 0.3 square miles (0.7 km2), all of it land.
Crestmore Quarry
The former and large Crestmore Quarry is on the east side of the hill. The Riverside Portland Cement Company had its plant here, and used both the limestone and the underlying granodiorite for its manufacture of cement. Mineral specimens were also collected from the mine.
As of March 2015, the mining operation of the former TXI cement manufacturing facility has stopped. As the shut down of the operations of this historic facility progressed, the quality of the environment appeared to have increased.
Demographics
The 2010 United States Census reported that Crestmore Heights had a population of 384. The population density was . The racial makeup of Crestmore Heights was 229 (59.6%) White (28.9% Non-Hispanic White), 2 (0.5%) African American, 2 (0.5%) Native American, 6 (1.6%) Asian, 0 (0%) Pacific Islander, 133 (35%) from other races, and 12 (3.1%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 263 persons (68.5%).
The Census reported that 384 people (100% of the population) lived in households, 0 (0%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 0 (0%) were institutionalized.
There were 112 households, out of which 41 (37%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 54 (48%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 14 (13%) had a female householder with no husband present, 11 (10%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 9 (8%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 3 (3%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 21 households (19%) were made up of individuals, and 8 (7%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 3.43. There were 79 families (71% of all households); the average family size was 4.03.
The population was spread out, with 99 people (26%) under the age of 18, 62 people (16%) aged 18 to 24, 77 people (20%) aged 25 to 44, 109 people (28%) aged 45 to 64, and 37 people (10%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 33.7 years. For every 100 females, there were 107.6 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 108.0 males.
There were 123 housing units at an average density of , of which 79 (71%) were owner-occupied, and 33 (30%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2%; the rental vacancy rate was 11%. 276 people (72% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 108 people (28%) lived in rental housing units.
Government
In the California State Legislature, Crestmore Heights is in , and in .
In the United States House of Representatives, Crestmore Heights is in . California is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Dianne Feinstein and Kamala Harris.
References
Census-designated places in Riverside County, California
Census-designated places in California |
The Anadyr Highway is a highway on the territory of Magadan Oblast and the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug from the R504 Kolyma Highway to the city of Anadyr with branches to Bilibino, Komsomolsky and Egvekinot. In the Magadan Region it is numbered 44H-3; in Chukotka the existing segments have the number 77K-022. The new highway will ensure the year-round connection of the Chukotka Autonomous District with the rest of Russia.
Construction of the road in the Chukotka Autonomous District began in 2012. Construction in the Magadan Region began in 2015.
Route
The route starts from the R504 Kolyma Highway, revitalizing the old road to Omsukchan, then passes through Omolon, Ilirney, Palyavaam, then along the existing extended winter road to Valunistoye mine, where it turns south towards Anadyr. The total length is about , of which pass through the Magadan Region, and about through Chukotka.
Features
The road has the lowest technical category, without asphalt. The roadway will be treated with binder additives, which increase the resistance of the upper layer. The width of the single-lane roadway is , with passing areas. The roadsides are equipped with snow protection fences, signal posts and road signs. The maximum speed is limited to .
Construction
The whole route passes through a territory bounded by permafrost, therefore, the laying of the roadbed is done without disrupting the integrity of the moss-vegetation layer of the tundra, which is a good heat insulator that does not allow defrosting of the upper layer of permafrost, which can lead to the destruction of the road. In the marshy areas, geotextiles and geogrids are also used; the slopes of the embankment and the culverts are strengthened by multicellular mattresses. Aggregate for the roadbed is mined in roadside quarries, while in some places drilling and blasting are necessary. Engineering materials are imported during the period of summer navigation from the central regions of the country.
Due to extreme climatic conditions, construction is suspended in summer during heavy rains, in winter in cases of particularly low air temperature and severe snowstorms.
Current state
A bridge across the Palyavaam River was built in 2003, by the Artel of Miners of Chukotka LLC. A contract was signed with Stroydor company about building the Omsukchan–Omolon road and fixing the older Gerba–Omsukchan road, for RUB 1.53 bn. Works have been started at Omsukchan. By 2018, the total length of the constructed sections of the route should be . In October 2017, the first was finished, although, in 2018, the road was considered of bad quality.
In early 2016, a design procedure was announced, which will plan the Omolon–Ilirney–Anadyr section with branches to Bilibino, Komsomolsky and Egvekinot.
At the moment (written 2018), it is possible to drive in summer in cross-country vehicles Egvekinot – Valunistoye – Palyavaam – Bilibino, in winter there is a convoy. Travel to Omolon and Omsukchan, as well as from Valunistoye mine to Anadyr is possible only by the winter road.
Financing
The project is financed under the federal target program "Economic and Social Development of the Far East and Trans-Baikal Region for the Period until 2013" and "Improvement and Development of the Chukotka Autonomous Okrug Road Network for 2010–2013". The total construction budget in 2012 prices is about 150 billion rubles. For comparison, the cost of an annual Northern delivery to the territory of Chukotka is estimated at 3 billion rubles (excluding storage).
Criticism
There are opinions that the implementation of the project will be extremely inefficient due to the enormous financial costs and technological complexity of this project. Due to the long distances and low road quality, passenger travel will still use aircraft most of the time. There is also a very low amount of motorization in the region (5 times less than Moscow). The savings in freight cost (even measured over multiple decades) will be less than the road construction cost.
References
Roads in the Russian Far East
Transport in Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
Transport in Magadan Oblast |
This Moment is the third studio album by world fusion band Shakti, released on 23 June 2023. It is the first release under the Shakti name in 46 years following Natural Elements (1977), and features founding member, guitarist John McLaughlin alongside percussionist Zakir Hussain, vocalist Shankar Mahadevan, violinist Ganesh Rajagopalan and percussionist Selvaganesh Vinayakram. The band will embark on their first tour in 18 years in support of the record.
Background
Although John McLaughlin reformed Shakti as Remember Shakti in 1997 and continued to release albums into the early 2000s, This Moment is the first original recording under the Shakti name in 46 years. McLaughlin stated that "Shakti is very much a 'live' band", which means that recording a studio album together has been an issue due to the members living "on different continents". The album came about after McLaughlin called the members in 2021 and "persuad[ed] them to use today's recording technology to realise it".
Critical reception
Thom Jurek of AllMusic wrote that "the sound is quite modern: acoustic guitars from the early albums have been replaced by organic-sounding electric guitars" and found that the album "recalls the original Shakti incarnation" due to the presence of violin. Jurek concluded that "the ensuing decades of individual and collective music experiences – as well as decades-old creative and personal connections between McLaughlin, Hussain, and Mahadevan – result in extraordinary musical communication that transcends traditions, concepts, and formal approaches, making Shakti a band for the ages". Ian Patterson of All About Jazz described the album as "splendid stuff", calling it "instantly recognisable as Shakti, yet with fresh sounds, as one might hope and expect from such a pioneering band—the band that, as many would have it, invented World Music before the term was born". Patterson remarked that there is no one highlight as "they unfold from first note to last, the players flowing in and out in a seamless choreography which is, by turns, joyous, thrilling and moving".
Track listing
References
2023 albums
Abstract Logix albums
Shakti (band) albums |
David Wylie (born 4 April 1966, in Johnstone) is a Scottish former football goalkeeper.
After retiring as a player, Wylie remained registered as the fourth-choice goalkeeper for Greenock Morton, where he was the goalkeeping coach, for a number of years due to a constant stream of injuries to goalkeepers at the club.
Career
Wylie spent 13 years at Greenock Morton, making over 500 appearances and winning two league titles (First and Second Division). During the 1986–87 season, Wylie was involved in the Scotland u21 squad, but did not make any appearances for them. He then had spells at Clyde (where he won another Second Division championship medal), Clydebank and Gretna.
His only spell out of senior football saw him spend the 2001–02 season at Renfrewshire junior side, Renfrew.
He returned to Morton as a goalkeeping coach, a role which he also performed at St Mirren whilst he was playing for Renfrew. He featured on the bench as a trialist against Ayr United in 2009 due to injuries to Kevin Cuthbert, Colin Stewart and Bryn Halliwell. Due to rules on trialists in the Scottish League Cup, Wylie had to be re-registered as a player for the second round defeat to Kilmarnock.
Wylie also has further coaching experience from when he was appointed as the goalkeeping coach at St Mirren in 2000.
Honours
Greenock Morton
Scottish Football League First Division: 1986–87
Scottish Football League Second Division: 1994–95
Clyde
Scottish Second Division: 1999–00
See also
List of footballers in Scotland by number of league appearances (500+)
References
External links
Living people
1966 births
Footballers from Johnstone
Greenock Morton F.C. players
Clyde F.C. players
Clydebank F.C. (1965) players
Greenock Morton F.C. non-playing staff
Gretna F.C. players
Scottish men's footballers
Scottish Football League players
Men's association football goalkeepers
Scottish Junior Football Association players
Renfrew F.C. players |
Douglas Eugene Simons (born September 15, 1966) is a former Major League Baseball pitcher who played for the New York Mets (1991) and Montreal Expos (1992).
Early life and draft
Prior to playing professionally, Simons attended Calabasas High School in Calabasas, California and then Oxnard College and Pepperdine University.
He was drafted by major league teams twice. In 1987, he was selected by the Los Angeles Dodgers in the 45th round of the draft, but did not sign. He was next drafted by the Minnesota Twins in the ninth round of the 1988 amateur draft and did sign.
In the 1990 Rule 5 draft, he was selected by the Mets from the Twins.
Major league career
Simons made his major league debut on April 9, 1991 at the age of 24. Pitching for the Mets, he made 42 appearances in his rookie season and went 2–3 with a 5.19 ERA. In 60 2/3 innings, he allowed 55 hits and 19 walks, while striking out 38 batters.
On April 2, 1992, he was traded to the Expos for minor league player Rob Katzaroff. He appeared in seven games for the Expos in 1992 and went 0–0 with a 23.63 ERA. In 5 1/3 innings, he allowed 15 hits and two walks. He struck out six batters. He played his final major league game on September 24, 1992.
Overall, Simons went 2–3 with a 6.68 ERA in 49 big league appearances. In 66 innings, he allowed 70 hits and 21 walks, while striking out 44 batters.
Minor league career
Simons pitched in the minor leagues from 1988 to 1990 and from 1992 to 1997. He played in the Twins (1988–1990), Expos (1992–1993), Kansas City Royals (1994) and Houston Astros (1996) systems, and in 1995 he pitched for the Mobile Baysharks of the independent Texas–Louisiana League.
Overall, he went 72–54 with a 3.46 ERA in 193 games (148 starts). He showed flashes of excellence at times – for example, he went 13–5 with a 2.63 ERA for the Visalia Oaks and Orlando Twins in 1989 and in 1990, he went 15–12 with a 2.54 ERA for Orlando. In 1995, he went 4–2 with a 2.94 ERA for the Mobile Baysharks.
International career
Simons pitched for the Rimini Pirates in the Italian Serie A1 in 1997.
He also played winter ball with the Leones del Caracas club of the Venezuelan League during the 1993–1994 season.
Post-playing career
Simons served as the pitching coach for the Pittsfield Mets in 1998 and 1999, the Capital City Bombers in 2000 and 2001. He later scouted for the Texas Rangers from 2002–2005. In August 2005 he became the head coach of the Covenant College baseball team.
References
External links
, or Retrosheet, or The Baseball Gauge
1966 births
Living people
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Baseball players from Bakersfield, California
American expatriate baseball players in Italy
Indianapolis Indians players
Jackson Generals (Texas League) players
Leones del Caracas players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Major League Baseball pitchers
Mobile Baysharks players
Montreal Expos players
New York Mets players
Omaha Royals players
Orlando Sun Rays players
Orlando Twins players
Ottawa Lynx players
People from Calabasas, California
Pepperdine University alumni
Pepperdine Waves baseball players
Rimini Baseball Club players
Tucson Toros players
Visalia Oaks players |
State Road 53 (SR 53) is a north–south state highway in the panhandle of northern Florida. Its southern terminus is an interchange with Interstate 10 (I-10; which also carries the unsigned designation of SR 8) near Lee and Madison; the northern terminus is at the Georgia state line near Cherry Lake, Florida. Part of SR 53, from Harvey Greene Drive north to SR 14, is also signed SR 14 Truck, a rare special state highway in Florida.
SR 53 continues northward from the state line as State Route 333 (SR 333). A southbound continuation of SR 53 is County Road 53, which ultimately ends at an intersection with U.S. Route 27 (US 27; which also carries the unsigned designation of SR 20) in Buckville (northwest of Mayo). This is also the western terminus of CR 534.
Major intersections
References
External links
Florida Route Log (SR 53)
053
053
053
053 |
Kate Bell is a British trade unionist, and the current Assistant General Secretary to the Trades Union Congress (TUC), having been appointed to the role in December 2022. She succeeded her predecessor, Paul Nowak, who took up the post of General Secretary of the TUC on 29 December 2022.
Career
Bell was Head of Policy and Public Affairs for a local authority, before serving as Work and Pensions adviser to Ed Miliband during his tenure as leader of the Labour Party. She has also worked for the charities Child Poverty Action Group and Gingerbread. After joining the TUC in 2016, she became the organisation's Head of Rights, International, Social and Economics. In June 2018, she was appointed to the Low Pay Commission, where she played a role in helping to secure the furlough scheme by meeting with government ministers and civil servants during the COVID-19 pandemic. Her term with the Low Pay Commission ended on 17 November 2022. On 7 December it was announced that she would succeed Paul Nowak as Assistant General Secretary of the TUC when Nowak became the TUC's General Secretary at the end of the year.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
British trade unionists |
Beehive is an unincorporated community located in Stillwater County, Montana, United States, which shares the ZIP code with Absarokee of 59001.
Beehive is at an elevation of 4,629 feet and appears on the Beehive U.S. Geological Survey Map.
History
Beehive was established as a town in a deep valley along the Stillwater River, west of Absarokee. Beehive had a post office from 1910 to 1953. The community is still a getaway destination with many seasonal mountain homes.
References
Unincorporated communities in Stillwater County, Montana
Unincorporated communities in Montana |
Charly-Oradour (; ) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
See also
Communes of the Moselle department
References
External links
Charlyoradour |
Ganneruvaram is a mandal in Karimnagar District, Telangana.
Villages in Karimnagar district |
```c++
#ifndef BOOST_SERIALIZATION_ITEM_VERSION_TYPE_HPP
#define BOOST_SERIALIZATION_ITEM_VERSION_TYPE_HPP
// Use, modification and distribution is subject to the Boost Software
// path_to_url
#include <boost/cstdint.hpp> // uint_least8_t
#include <boost/integer_traits.hpp>
#include <boost/serialization/level.hpp>
#include <boost/serialization/is_bitwise_serializable.hpp>
// fixes broken example build on x86_64-linux-gnu-gcc-4.6.0
#include <boost/assert.hpp>
namespace boost {
namespace serialization {
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#pragma warning( push )
#pragma warning( disable : 4244 4267 )
#endif
class item_version_type {
private:
typedef unsigned int base_type;
base_type t;
public:
// should be private - but MPI fails if it's not!!!
item_version_type(): t(0) {}
explicit item_version_type(const unsigned int t_) : t(t_){
BOOST_ASSERT(t_ <= boost::integer_traits<base_type>::const_max);
}
item_version_type(const item_version_type & t_) :
t(t_.t)
{}
item_version_type & operator=(item_version_type rhs){
t = rhs.t;
return *this;
}
// used for text output
operator base_type () const {
return t;
}
// used for text input
operator base_type & () {
return t;
}
bool operator==(const item_version_type & rhs) const {
return t == rhs.t;
}
bool operator<(const item_version_type & rhs) const {
return t < rhs.t;
}
};
#if defined(_MSC_VER)
#pragma warning( pop )
#endif
} } // end namespace boost::serialization
BOOST_IS_BITWISE_SERIALIZABLE(item_version_type)
BOOST_CLASS_IMPLEMENTATION(item_version_type, primitive_type)
#endif //BOOST_SERIALIZATION_ITEM_VERSION_TYPE_HPP
``` |
```html
{{ $product_link := "[Docker Hub](path_to_url" }}
{{ $domain_navigation := `Navigate to the domain settings page for your organization or company.
- Organization: Select **Organizations**, your organization, **Settings**, and then **Security**.
- Company: Select **Organizations**, your company, and then **Settings**.` }}
{{ if eq (.Get "product") "admin" }}
{{ $product_link = "the [Admin Console](path_to_url" }}
{{ $domain_navigation = "Select your organization or company in the left navigation drop-down menu, and then select **Domain management**." }}
{{ end }}
1. Sign in to {{ $product_link }}.
2. {{ $domain_navigation }}
3. Select **Add a domain**.
4. Continue with the on-screen instructions to get a verification code for
your domain as a **TXT Record Value**.
> [!NOTE]
>
> Format your domains without protocol or www information, for example,
> `yourcompany.example`. This should include all email domains and
> subdomains users will use to access Docker, for example
> `yourcompany.example` and `us.yourcompany.example`. Public domains such as
> `gmail.com`, `outlook.com`, etc. arent permitted.
> [!TIP]
>
> Make sure that the TXT record name that you create on your DNS matches
> the domain you registered on Docker in Step 4. For example,
> if you registered the subdomain `us.yourcompany.example`,
> you need to create a TXT record within the same name/zone `us`.
> A root domain such as `yourcompany.example` needs a TXT record on the
> root zone, which is typically denoted with the `@` name for the record.
5. Once you have waited 72 hours for the TXT record verification,
you can then select **Verify** next to the domain you've added,
and follow the on-screen instructions.
``` |
Credit Union 1 is Alaska's only state-chartered credit union, and anyone who lives or works in Alaska is eligible to join. As of December 31, 2022, the credit union had $1.48 billion in assets, nearly 100,000 members and 12 branches throughout the state.
Based in Anchorage, Alaska, Credit Union1 is the second largest credit union in its state and the only one that solely serves Alaskans. As of 2022, the credit union currently employs 415 Alaskans in communities ranging from Ketchikan, Alaska to Nome, Alaska.
Credit Union 1 is federally insured by the National Credit Union Administration (NCUA), up to $250,000 per account.
History
Credit Union 1 was established as the Anchorage Teachers Federal Credit Union in 1952. Its original membership base was personnel and dependents of the Anchorage Independent School District. The credit union has since merged with other Alaskan credit unions, such as FedAlaska, Ward Cove, Frontier Alaskan and North Country Credit Union, to form Credit Union1.
In 2010, the credit union opened a branch in the Mountain View neighborhood of Anchorage, which had not had a financial institution for over 20 years. The land for the new branch was purchased from the Anchorage Community Land Trust.
In 2016, Credit Union1 was named to The Financial Brand’s “Top 100" list of credit unions using social media.<ref>Top 100 Credit Unions Using Social Media. They have climbed the list steadily since then.</ref>
In 2022, the credit union was again recognized as one of the top 49 businesses in Alaska by Alaska Business MonthlyIn 2022, Credit Union 1 was again named among the top three Best Places to Work (250+ employees) in Alaska by Alaska Business Monthly''
References
External links
1952 establishments in Alaska
Anchorage School District
Banks established in 1952
Companies based in Anchorage, Alaska
Credit unions based in Alaska
Non-profit organizations based in Anchorage, Alaska |
Jordan Luke Thorniley (born 24 November 1996) is an English professional footballer who plays as a defender for Oxford United.
Club career
Everton
Thorniley began playing football at Rope and Anchor JFC Warrington, for whom he played in the U6 to U11 sides. He then joined Everton at the age of 10 and progressed through the ranks of their youth academy. While at the academy, Thorniley captained Everton Under-18s side and helped the side win the Premier League title for the second time in a row.
At the end of the 2014–15 season, Thorniley was offered a new contract, leading him to turning professional in July 2015. Shortly after signing a professional contract with Everton, he moved on loan to Stockport County that same month. He made his Stockport County debut on 10 August 2015, where he played 90 minutes, in a 2–1 win over Boston United. Thorniley went on to make 10 appearances for the side before returning to his parent club in October 2015.
After his loan spell at Stockport County came to an end, Thorniley then featured for the U21 side for the remainder of the season. At the end of the 2015–16 season, Thorniley was released by the club. Following his release, he reflected his time at Everton, saying: "Everton are a well run club. It was a good environment to be in. It didn't go to plan my first year as a pro but other than that I can't fault it. It probably laid down the foundations of where I am now as well as a lot of help from Sheffield Wednesday. They laid down the pillars if you like for me to develop."
Sheffield Wednesday
After being released by Everton, Thorniley signed for Championship side Sheffield Wednesday in July 2016,
Although he first appeared as unused substitute for the match against Cambridge United, which they lost 2–1 at extra time in the first round of the League Cup, Thorniley spent the most of the 2016–17 season, playing for the side. He then was featured under Carlos Carvalhal throughout the pre-season ahead of the 2017–18 season.
On 29 August 2017, Thorniley was loaned out to League Two side Accrington Stanley until January. Thorniley made his Accrington Stanley debut, where he started the whole game in the left-back position, in a 2–1 win over Morecambe on 2 September 2017. Since making his debut for the club, he quickly established himself in the starting eleven, in which he played in the left-back position. He continued starting the side until he suffered an injury in late-December. As result, Thorniley returned to his parent club on 4 January 2018.
Shortly after his loan spell at Accrington Stanley came to an end, Thorniley appeared as an unused substitute in a 0–0 draw against rivals Sheffield United on 12 January 2018. He then made his Sheffield Wednesday debut, starting alongside Frederico Venâncio and Daniel Pudil in a three-man defence, in a 0–0 draw against Cardiff City on 20 January 2018. After the match, his debut performance was praised by Manager Jos Luhukay. Thorniley was then given a handful of first team opportunities for the next five matches. As a result, on 15 February 2018, Thorniley signed a new contract with the club, keeping him until 2021. However, in a 2–1 loss against Millwall on 20 February 2018, Thorniley collided with Jed Wallace in the lead up to the Lions' second goal, leading him to be taken off on a stretcher and was substituted as a result. After treatment at the hospital, it was concluded that Thorniley's injury was not as serious as first feared.
In the 2018–19 season, Thorniley returned to training in the club's pre-season. It wasn't until on 11 August 2018 when he made his first appearance of the season, coming on as a substitute for Morgan Fox in the 44th minutes, in a 1–1 draw against Hull City. Since returning to the first team, Thorniley received a handful of first team appearances for the side, playing in either the centre-back and left-back positions. However, he suffered a calf injury and was substituted as a result during a 2–1 loss against Nottingham Forest on 19 September 2018. After missing one match, Thorniley returned to the starting line-up, starting the whole game, in a 1–1 draw against Leeds United on 28 September 2018. However, after returning to the first team, he found himself placed on the substitute bench, due to a strong competitions in the club's defence. Between 9 February 2019 and 16 February 2019, Thorniley started three matches, playing all in the centre-back position. Following this, he found himself back to the sidelined, due to his fitness concern and placed on the substitute bench for the rest of the 2018–19 season. Despite this, Thorniley went on to make twenty-two appearances in all competitions.
Ahead of the 2019–20 season, Thorniley left the club's pre-season training camp in Portugal after picking up an injury. Thorniley responded to claims that he's not injury as a reason for leaving the club's pre-season training camp in Portugal but rather personal reason. However, Thorniley found himself behind the pecking order in the club's defence competitions. Despite this, he made two appearances for the side this season, both coming from the League Cup.
Blackpool
On 1 January 2020, Thorniley joined Blackpool for an undisclosed fee, on a two-and-a-half-year contract, with Blackpool having an option to extend it by a further year. Upon joining Blackpool, he cited first team football for the reason to join the club and was given a number four shirt.
In August 2021 he moved on loan to Oxford United. He returned to Blackpool on 24 January 2022.
On 14 March 2023, Thorniley scored his first professional goal in Blackpool's 6–1 win against Queens Park Rangers.
Oxford United
In June 2023 it was announced that he would sign for Oxford United on 1 July 2023.
Personal life
Thorniley is son of former Warrington Rugby League centre Tony Thorniley, who played for Warrington Wolves from 1986 to 1997 and scored 49 tries.
Career statistics
References
1996 births
Living people
Footballers from Warrington
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Everton F.C. players
Stockport County F.C. players
Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players
Accrington Stanley F.C. players
Blackpool F.C. players
Oxford United F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players |
Cobalt Health is an independent medical charity established in 1964 to help people affected by cancer, dementia and other conditions. They provide diagnostic imaging for over 115,000 patients annually at imaging centres in Cheltenham and Birmingham, England, and through a fleet of mobile MRI, CT Scan and PET-CT scanners for NHS hospitals and other medical facilities across the UK.
The Charity is regulated by the Care Quality Commission and meets the standards set by the Quality Standard for Imaging (QSI). It is also accredited with ISO 9001:2015 quality and ISO 14001 environmental management standard.
External links
Official website
Care Quality Commission Cobalt page
Quality Standard for Imaging information
Health charities in the United Kingdom
Organizations established in 1964 |
This is a list of seasons played by Chivas USA in American (Major League Soccer) and CONCACAF soccer, from 2005 (when the team was founded) to the last season for the club in 2014, the tenth and final year of its existence. This list details the club's achievements in major competitions, and the top scorers for the team in each season for all competitive competitions.
Key
Key to competitions
Major League Soccer (MLS) – The top-flight of soccer in the United States, established in 1996.
U.S. Open Cup (USOC) – The premier knockout cup competition in U.S. soccer, first contested in 1914.
CONCACAF Champions League (CCL) – The premier competition in North American soccer since 1962. It went by the name of Champions' Cup until 2008.
Key to colors and symbols
Key to league record
Season = The year and article of the season
Div = Division/level on pyramid
League = League name
Pld = Games played
W = Games won
L = Games lost
D = Games drawn
GF = Goals for
GA = Goals against
GD = Goal difference
Pts = Points
PPG = Points per game
Conf = Conference position
Overall = League position
Key to cup record
DNE = Did not enter
DNQ = Did not qualify
NH = Competition not held or canceled
QR = Qualifying round
PR = Preliminary round
GS = Group stage
R1 = First round
R2 = Second round
R3 = Third round
R4 = Fourth round
R5 = Fifth round
Ro16 = Round of 16
QF = Quarterfinals
SF = Semifinals
F = Final
RU = Runners-up
W = Winners
Seasons
1. Avg. attendance include statistics from league matches only.
2. Top goalscorer(s) includes all goals scored in League, MLS Cup Playoffs, U.S. Open Cup, CONCACAF Champions League, FIFA Club World Cup, and other competitive continental matches.
References
Chivas USA
Chivas USA seasons |
Egor Gerasimov was the defending champion but lost in the second round to Jürgen Zopp.
Ričardas Berankis won the title after defeating Constant Lestienne 6–2, 5–7, 6–4 in the final.
Seeds
Draw
Finals
Top half
Bottom half
References
Main Draw
Qualifying Draw
Open Harmonie mutuelle - Singles
2018 Singles |
Hollands are a fairly rare breed of large chickens that are dual purpose and originate from America. They are hard to tell from Plymouth rocks and Dominiques, but can be recognized as the Plymouth Rock has colored feet and the Dominique has a rose comb.
History
The breed was developed at the Rutgers Breeding Farms in New Jersey, with birds imported from Holland being crossed with White Leghorns, Rhode Island Reds, New Hampshires, and Lamonas, which created the White Hollands. Another cross that included White Leghorns, Barred Plymouth Rocks, Australorps and Brown Leghorns produced the barred variety of Hollands. Both were accepted by the American Poultry Association in 1949.
General information
Class: American
Varieties: White and Barred
Purpose: Dual (egg and meat)
Egg Size / Color: Medium / White
Skin Color: Yellow
Standard Weights: Cock - 8½lbs; Hen - 6½lbs; Cockerel - 7½lbs; Pullet - 5½lbs
There is also a bantam version of the breed.
Approximate weight
References
External links
FeatherSite.com Holland Pictures
Conservation Priority Breeds of the Livestock Conservancy
Chicken breeds originating in the United States |
Fernando Antonio Figueroa Rodríguez (2 July 1925 – 22 February 2011) was a Mexican footballer. He competed in the men's tournament at the 1948 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
1925 births
2011 deaths
Mexican men's footballers
Mexico men's international footballers
Olympic footballers for Mexico
Footballers at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Place of birth missing
Men's association football defenders
Club Puebla players |
Taşbaşı is a neighbourhood in the municipality and district of Alanya, Antalya Province, Turkey. Its population is 106 (2022).
References
Neighbourhoods in Alanya District |
Steel Warriors is a 1998 compilation album by the American heavy metal band Manowar. It includes only songs from the albums Into Glory Ride and Hail to England.
Track listing
"Secret of Steel"
"Black Arrows"
"Each Dawn I Die"
"Hatred"
"Warlord"
"Gloves of Metal"
"Bridge of Death"
"Hail to England"
"Kill With Power"
"March for Revenge (By the Soldiers of Death)"
"Gates of Valhalla"
"Army of the Immortals"
1998 compilation albums
Manowar albums |
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