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30623796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa%20Ana%20Winds%20FC | Santa Ana Winds FC | Santa Ana Winds FC, also known as Winds FC, is a soccer team founded in Santa Ana, California, and a founding United Premier Soccer League club currently playing at the Lake Forest Sports Park, with occasional matches played at Championship Stadium at the Orange County Great Park. The club takes its name from a Southern California weather condition known as the Santa Ana winds. Santa Ana Winds FC, an elite amateur and professional development club, has played international development squads in the past, namely matches against a Club Atlas U-20 squad in March 2011, and a Chivas de Guadalajara U-20 squad in November 2011. On November 18, 2017, the club made history by qualifying to the 2018 U.S. Open Cup for the first time. On Tuesday, June 5, 2018, Winds FC winger Juan Arellano became the first player to transfer directly from Santa Ana Winds FC to an international professional club.
Santa Ana Winds FC was founded in 2006 by Leonel López and brothers.
History
SoCal Premier
Santa Ana Winds FC played in the SoCal Premier League from 2006 to 2011 before joining the National Premier Soccer League West Region-Flight Southwest Conference, also in 2011. The club played in the 2006–07 Raúl Briones Cup, Group B, that they shared with Morelos, PSA and OC United. Winds FC finished third behind Morelos and PSA.
2006–07 Raúl Briones Cup, Group B
NPSL
Winds FC finished second in the NPSL Southwest Conference during their sole NPSL season, made the playoffs and fell in the first round to Hollywood United Hitmen, a national finalist that year, by a score of 3–1.
The club left the NPSL after one season due to a split between owners. One faction of ownership left and kept the Santa Ana Winds FC name, while forming a startup development league called the United Premier Soccer League, which was also founded in Santa Ana. The other faction of ownership continued to operate in the NPSL with the borrowed name Fullerton Rangers, and later called themselves Orange County Spartans, and then OC Pateadores, before disappearing from the NPSL. Winds FC shared the NPSL West – Flight Southwest conference with FC Hasental, Lancaster Rattlers (now FC Santa Clarita), San Diego Boca F.C. and the San Diego Flash.
2011 NPSL West Division – Flight Southwest, Final Standings
UPSL
Santa Ana Winds FC was a founding club of the United Premier Soccer League, established in 2011. The club has been playing UPSL, Open Cup and State Cup matches since in Lake Forest, California or Irvine, California consistently in the last few years, while attempting to find a home field in the City of Santa Ana. Winds FC has one UPSL Championship title, from the 2012–13 season, a league cup title (later named Admiral Cup) from 2014, two Western Conference, SoCal Division Championship titles and one Western Conference Championship title from the Spring-Summer 2018 season. The club played all of their Spring 2016 league matches at the Lake Forest Sports Complex in Lake Forest, approximately 17 miles away from the City of Santa Ana, and began scheduling UPSL summer/fall season matches at Santa Ana College in July 2016. Other fields where the club has played UPSL matches include the Orange County Great Park and Las Lomas Park, both in Irvine.
The club began playing UPSL matches at the SAUSD Sports Complex Stadium, also known as Valley Falcons Stadium, in April 2017. On December 7, 2017 Santa Ana Winds FC played their first UPSL league match at the newly built Championship Stadium at the Orange County Great Park against the LA Wolves, a game Winds FC won 3–1. Winds FC returned to Championship Stadium on January 7, 2018 in a playoff match against Orange County FC, a game Winds FC won 6–5 in penalty kicks. On January 13, Winds FC defeated the East Bay Stompers Juniors in the UPSL National Semi-final at Championship Stadium.
Juan Arellano Transfer to Cartaginés
On Tuesday, June 5, 2018, Club Sport Cartaginés of Costa Rica, coached by Paulo Wanchope announced new player signings ahead of their 2018 season among which Winds FC winger Juan Arellano was included. Juan Arellano became the first player to transfer directly from Santa Ana Winds FC to a professional club. Juan Arellano spent a week-long trial with the club prior to being invited to preseason and subsequently presented with C.S. Cartaginés.
Santa Ana Winds FC México
In 2017, a Mexican development club using the Santa Ana Winds FC name sprouted in Mexico City, in the Avante section of the Coyoacán borough. The team trained and played at the Jesús Clark Flores sporting park, between Santa Ana and Avenida Calzada de la Virgen streets. Winds FC founders Leonel López and Pedro Magallón granted use of the club name to Mexico-based trainer Roberto Vásquez.
Costa Rica and Central America
Winds FC named Costa Rican soccer personality José Luis Bustos Director of International Soccer Operations for Costa Rica and Central America in October 2018. Part of Bustos's tasks include forming a partnership with a professional Costa Rican club and organizing a tournament in Costa Rica where Winds FC along with Asociación Deportiva Carmelita are set to participate in.
Club Crest
The first Santa Ana Winds FC crest dates from 2006 to 2013 and features the Spurgeon Building's clock tower, located in the Downtown Santa Ana Historic District and named after city founder William H. Spurgeon.
The second Santa Ana Winds FC crest (2014–17) was redesigned in 2014 by sports logo artist Slavo Kiss for Sigma Kappa Brands, based in the Slovak Republic. The crest featured the City of Santa Ana Water Tower, visible from the Santa Ana Freeway, also known as the Interstate 5 Freeway or Golden State Freeway, which connects the cities of Los Angeles and San Diego, and connects at the Mexico–United States border to the city of Tijuana.
The third and most-current Santa Ana Winds FC crest was redesigned in late 2017 again by Slavo Kiss looking to 2018 and the club's debut in the U.S. Open Cup.
Rivalries
The Golden City Classic (an all-Santa Ana rivalry versus La Máquina)
The Sunset Derby (versus LA Wolves FC)
The I-5 Derby (versus Orange County FC)
Supporter Groups
The Aeolian Guard
The Angeltown Post
The I-Fivers
2018 Open Cup Squad
The following players were called to the September 23 Open Cup qualifying match versus Outbreak Soccer.
Player Number, Name, Position:
1. Adrian Urquizo, GK
2. Ezequiel Estrada
3. Juan Fuentes, RB
4. Oscar Sandoval
5. Israel Espinoza
8. Kyle O'Brien, MF
9. Carlos Andrade
13. Khalil Zaid
14. Quinn M. Harter, CB
16. Derek Solano
17. Juan Arellano, LW
19. Ruben Ortiz
20. Osvaldo Hernandez
21. Kramer Runager, F
23. George Zuniga
Jordan Gorman
Omar Perez
Front Office
Leonel López: Founder, President
Marco Paniagua: General Manager
Head coaches
Marco Paniagua (2018–present)
Jose Lopez (2016–2018)
Arturo Martínez (2016)
Cesar Reyes (2015–2016)
Mele López (2013–2014)
Team records
2018 Spring UPSL Playoffs
Western Conference, SoCal Division Champion
Final Rounds
2017–18 Fall/Winter UPSL Playoffs
National Finalist, Runner-Up
2016–17 Fall/Winter UPSL Playoffs
Winds FC defeated regional powerhouse and conference rival La Máquina FC on Tuesday, January 24, 2017 at Santa Ana Stadium by a score of 2–1.
U.S. Open Cup record
2018 Open Cup
2018 Open Cup Qualifying
2017 Open Cup Qualifying
Santa Ana Winds FC were scheduled to host fellow UPSL club La Habra City FC at Lake Forest Sports Park on Sunday, September 18 in a qualifying match to the first round of the 2017 U.S. Open Cup, but had the match moved to Colton High School in Colton, California. Santa Ana defeated La Habra City FC by a score of 5–0 in the first-ever U.S. Open Cup qualifying match for either team.
The October 23 Open Cup qualifier vs La Máquina was cancelled due to a thunderstorm in Irvine, and was rescheduled for October 30 at 6 pm at Orange County Great Park.
Honors
Titles
UPSL National Championship: Runner-Up, 2019–20
UPSL Western Conference Champion, Fall-Winter 2019-20
UPSL Western Conference, SoCal Division Champion, Fall-Winter 2019-20
UPSL Western Conference Champion, Spring 2018
UPSL Western Conference, SoCal Division Champion, Spring 2018
UPSL Western Conference, SoCal Division Champion, Fall-Winter, 2017–18
UPSL National Championship: Runner-Up, Fall-Winter 2017–18
UPSL, Admiral Cup Champions: 2014
United Premier Soccer League Champions: Fall-Winter 2012–13
Individual Honors
National United Premier Soccer League Most Valuable Player: Kyle O'Brien, Fall 2017
National Player of the Week: Jordan Gorman, 2017, Western Pro Premier Division, Week 17
National Player of the Week: Adan Coronado, 2017, Western Pro Premier Division, Week 3
Tournament Finishing
U.S. Open Cup: Qualified, First Round, 2018
UPSL Fall-Winter National Championship: Runner-Up, 2017–18
Cal South State Cup, Quarterfinals, 2018
Cal South State Cup, Quarterfinals, 2017
US Open Cup, Second Qualifying Round, 2016
Home fields (All time: SoCal Premier, NPSL, UPSL)
Heritage Park Field; Irvine, California (2006–2008)
Rancho Capistrano; San Juan Capistrano, California (2006–2008)
Centennial Park Field; Santa Ana, California (2009–2010)
Oak Creek Park Field; Irvine, California (2009–2010)
Westgrove Park; Garden Grove, California (2009–2010)
Santa Ana Stadium; Santa Ana, California (2011–2013)
Santa Ana College; Santa Ana, California (2013)
Orange County Great Park; Irvine, California (2013–2016)
Las Lomas Community Park; Irvine, California (2014)
Lake Forest Sports Park; Lake Forest, California (2016–2017)
Championship Stadium at OC Great Park; Irvine, California (Dec. 2017)
Sponsors and partners
Score Sports, 2018–21
Admiral Sportswear, 2014–18
Molten, 2014–18
Season-by-season
References
External links
Soccer in Los Angeles
United Premier Soccer League teams
Association football clubs established in 2006
2006 establishments in California
Sports in Los Angeles
Soccer clubs in Greater Los Angeles
Soccer clubs in California |
17890072 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimibo | Dimibo | Dimibo is a village in the Sami Department of Banwa Province in western Burkina Faso. As of 2005 it had a population of 599.
References
Populated places in the Boucle du Mouhoun Region
Banwa Province |
32503045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fujiwara%20no%20Kurajimaro | Fujiwara no Kurajimaro | was a Japanese statesman, courtier and politician during the Nara period.
Career at court
He was a minister during the reign of Empress Shōtoku. He held positions of hyōbu-kyō (chief military officer) and sangi (associate counselor).
Shōtoku placed her imperial bodyguards under the command of Kurajimaro.
In 764, Kurajimaro was a leader of forces opposing Fujiwara no Nakamaro, also known as Emi no Oshikatsu. Nakamaro and others unsuccessfully plotted with Emperor Junnin against retired Empress Kōken and the monk Dōkyō resulting in a military confrontation known as Fujiwara no Nakamaro Rebellion.
After stability was restored, Kurajimaro was placed in charge of the party escorting Emperor Junnin to Awaji province.
Genealogy
Kurajimaro was the ninth son of Fujiwara no Umakai.
Notes
References
Nussbaum, Louis-Frédéric and Käthe Roth. (2005). Japan encyclopedia. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ; OCLC 58053128
Titsingh, Isaac. (1834). Annales des empereurs du Japon (Nihon Odai Ichiran). Paris: Royal Asiatic Society, Oriental Translation Fund of Great Britain and Ireland. OCLC 5850691
734 births
775 deaths
Fujiwara clan
People of Nara-period Japan |
44406230 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1963%20UCI%20Track%20Cycling%20World%20Championships | 1963 UCI Track Cycling World Championships | The 1963 UCI Track Cycling World Championships were the World Championship for track cycling. They took place in Rocourt, Belgium from 1 to 7 August 1963. Nine events were contested, 7 for men (3 for professionals, 4 for amateurs) and 2 for women.
Medal summary
Medal table
See also
1963 UCI Road World Championships
References
Track cycling
UCI Track Cycling World Championships by year
International cycle races hosted by Belgium
Sport in Liège
1960s in track cycling
1963 in cycle racing |
50825210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximilian%20Entrup | Maximilian Entrup | Maximilian Entrup (born September 15, 1997) is an Austrian footballer currently playing for FCM Traiskirchen.
External links
1997 births
Living people
Austrian men's footballers
Austria men's youth international footballers
Floridsdorfer AC players
SK Rapid Wien players
SKN St. Pölten players
SV Lafnitz players
Men's association football forwards
Austrian Football Bundesliga players
2. Liga (Austria) players
Austrian Regionalliga players |
63283217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimmy%20%28book%29 | Swimmy (book) | Swimmy is a 1963 picture book written and illustrated by Leo Lionni. The book is the story of a very small fish who stands out because he is a different color from all of his school. He is curious and adventurous, exploring the sea after being forced away from his home. When he meets a new school that fears leaving their safe rock and being attacked by a predator, Swimmy saves the day by being the leader they need. The book was a recipient of a 1964 Caldecott Honor for its illustrations.
Plot
A very large tuna eats all the red fish who are swimming around, leaving the little Swimmy all alone. Scared and on his own, the little black fish swims away into the large ocean. He sees many beautiful and strange creatures on his journey until he finally discovers another school of little red fish, just like his own family used to be. He excitedly asks them all to come out and play, but they refuse. They are afraid of the big fish and don't want to get eaten. Swimmy tells them that they must make a plan, because they can't spend their whole life hiding in the rocks. He devises a plan to have all the red fish swim in the shape of a large fish - and then Swimmy takes his place among them in the place the eye would be. After that they are able to swim in the sea without fear - scaring the larger fish away wherever they go.
Medium
Lionni uses paints and stamping in this book to create his underwater world. Lace, cloth and string are some of the objects used for seaweed, water and tentacles, respectively.
Themes
In his obituary, New York Times writer Steven Heller states, "When Swimmy says, 'I will be the eye,' it is clear that this is also a portrait of the artist as seer." Frances Foster, Lionni's long-time editor also said, "I think that's certainly the way Leo saw his role as an artist, seeing for people." Lionni told teacher and author Vivian Paley that of all the creations in his writings, Swimmy was the character most like himself.
Critical Reception and Awards
In her article “Fish Stories: Teaching Children's Literature In A Postmodern World.” Karen Coats uses Swimmy as an example of how children's books can be as intellectually demanding as writings for adult audiences. She posits that a book like Swimmy is a simple hero story to children, but adults are able to see additional messages about society and relationships that go beyond the surface story.
References
1963 children's books
American picture books
Caldecott Honor-winning works
Fictional fish |
67767657 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendrokingstonia | Dendrokingstonia | Dendrokingstonia is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Annonaceae.
Its native range is Western Malesia.
The genus name of Dendrokingstonia is a portmanteau word, combining the Ancient Greek word of δένδρον (déndron) meaning tree and (Kingston) from John Filmore Kingston (1795–1860), who was an English botanist who wrote about the flora of Devon in 1829.
Known species:
Dendrokingstonia acuminata
Dendrokingstonia gardneri
Dendrokingstonia nervosa
References
Annonaceae
Annonaceae genera |
18538945 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogaki%20Women%27s%20College | Ogaki Women's College | is a private women's junior college in Ōgaki, Gifu, Japan, established in 1969.
External links
Official website
Educational institutions established in 1969
Private universities and colleges in Japan
Universities and colleges in Gifu Prefecture
1969 establishments in Japan
Japanese junior colleges
Women's universities and colleges in Japan
Ōgaki |
9748061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjana%20Appachana | Anjana Appachana | Anjana Appachana is a novelist of Indian origin who lives in the United States. She has written a book of short stories titled Incantations and a novel titled Listening Now. Her upcoming novel, Fear and Lovely, will be published in early 2023.
Career
Her first book Incantations and Other Stories was published in England by Virago in 1991 and in the US by Rutgers University Press in 1992. The book was reissued in India by Penguin in 2006. The stories in it are set in the early eighties in India. One of her short stories titled "Sharmaji" was included in Mirrorwork: Fifty Years of Indian Writing, a collection edited by Salman Rushdie and Elizabeth West. Appachana received the O. Henry Festival Prize and a creative writing fellowship from the National Endowment for the Arts in the US.
Her first novel and second book is titled Listening Now, and was published by Random House in 1997. In it, six women tell the story of two lovers, Padma and Karan, spanning sixteen years. The novel is set in Bangalore, Delhi and Lucknow. Speaking about the perception of women writing in India, she has said: "Writing is not deemed legitimate work by anyone. They assume that it can be put aside for anything and everything -- for housework, for house guests, for cooking... Now tell me, how many people who work outside the house do you know who would take time off from their work to cook a meal or do groceries or laundry or look after house guests? None, right?...That's because they work outside the house and because they have a regular income which apparently legitimizes their work." In the same interview, Appachana adds that a writer's life is comparatively more comfortable in America than in India.
See also
List of Indian writers
References
External links
Review by Meenakshi Mukherjee
Indian emigrants to the United States
American novelists of Indian descent
American women writers of Indian descent
American people of Kannada descent
Living people
Writers from Karnataka
People from Kodagu district
20th-century American novelists
American women novelists
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers |
18334145 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imafuku%20Masakazu | Imafuku Masakazu | was a Japanese samurai of the Sengoku period who served the Takeda clan. He was also known as and held the court title of Chikuzen no kami. Masakazu was the son of , the Takeda retainer who had built Kunōzan Castle and served as its warden. Masakazu's landholding, starting in 1563, was in the Suwa District of Shinano province. He was active under both Takeda Shingen and Shingen's son Katsuyori as a commander of infantry . He also served for a time as the warden of Takashima Castle. Masakazu was killed in 1582 while leading a counterattack against Kiso Yoshimasa, a former Takeda vassal who had turned traitor during the Tokugawa/Oda attacks on Shinano and Kai.
References
Naramoto Tatsuya (1992). Nihon no kassen: monoshiri jiten. (Tokyo: Shufu to seikatsusha).
Samurai
1582 deaths
Japanese warriors killed in battle
Takeda retainers
Year of birth unknown |
20447294 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Parkinson | Thomas Parkinson | Thomas F. Parkinson (1920–1992) Professor of English at the University of California, Berkeley, was a poet in his own right; an expert on the poetry of W. B. Yeats; and one of the first academic authorities to write about the Beat poets and novelists of San Francisco in the 1950s and 1960s. A deeply thoughtful man of great integrity, he was a quiet political activist for much of his life, and survived a murder attempt in 1961 by a deranged former student who sought to "get someone who was associated with Communism." Though Parkinson survived being shot in the face (and bore the scars of the assault for the rest of his life), the teaching assistant who was with him at the time was killed. Thomas Parkinson died of an apparent heart attack in 1992, at age 72, after a long illness.
Early life and influences
Parkinson's early life was affected by the Great Depression and the Second World War. Growing up in San Francisco as the son of a master-plumber union leader who was blacklisted during the General Strike of the late 1930s, Parkinson developed a respect for labor and a sensitivity to social injustice. He attended Lowell High School and some junior college, where he was inspired by gifted teachers. When WWII began, Parkinson enlisted in the Army, but was eventually discharged because he was too tall. In the years that followed, Parkinson worked a motley series of jobs, as an insurance agent, a ship's outfitter, and a lumberjack. And he continued to read widely and deeply. He eventually returned to UC Berkeley, where he completed his bachelor's degree in three years.
Academic career and activism
While he was developing an academic career at Berkeley in the 1950s, Parkinson became immersed in the continuing political battles of his times. He was one of the founders of KPFA-radio Berkeley when it was a free-form West Coast anarchist collective. A tireless supporter of students both inside and outside the classroom, Parkinson made a number of public statements about paltry funding for student scholarships, including those for women students. An article he published in the campus newspaper, the Daily Californian, sparked the murder attempt by a former student who claimed to have been commanded by God. Parkinson was severely injured in the attack—several of his vertebrae were fused and his face permanently damaged, and the teaching assistant who was with him at the time was killed. Parkinson continued to promote liberal causes, however, and served as campus Ombudsman, chaired the Berkeley chapter of the American Association of University Professors (AAUP), and testified at the obscenity trial on behalf of Allen Ginsberg's Howl. He was instrumental in helping promote humanities study, teacher training, and extension courses for non-matriculated students during a period when the university was pressured to specialize its programs and become increasingly elite.
Publications
During this period, Parkinson's academic career began to flourish as he published two critical works: W. B. Yeats, Self-Critic (1961) and W. B. Yeats, The Later Poetry (1964), which established him as an authority on the Anglo-Irish poet. He was also one of the first academic critics to appreciate and promote the works of Beat writers like Allen Ginsberg, but also of John Montague (poet), and Robert Duncan. He published his Casebook on the Beats in 1961. He became part of the circle of writers, including Lawrence Ferlinghetti, that helped evolve the San Francisco literary culture of the 1960s, and served as a unique voice as both critic and fellow-poet. Later volumes on Hart Crane and other poets won him acclaim. His last book, Poets, Poems, Movements (1987), is a collection of essays.
When Parkinson was an undergraduate at Cal he won the twenty-sixth Emily Chamberlain Cook Prize in Poetry in 1945, for his poem "Letter to a Young Lady" which was published as a stapleback that year by The Circle.
References
External links
Finding aid to the Thomas Parkinson papers at Columbia University Rare Book & Manuscript Library
1920 births
1992 deaths
University of California, Berkeley faculty
Writers from San Francisco
American academics of English literature
20th-century American poets
20th-century American non-fiction writers |
68087256 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir%20George%20Pigot%2C%203rd%20Baronet | Sir George Pigot, 3rd Baronet | General Sir George Pigot, 3rd Baronet (1766–1840) was a British Army officer. The son of Lieutenant-General Sir Robert Pigot, 2nd Baronet he served in the 38th Regiment of Foot, 1st (Royal) Regiment of Foot and the Independent Companies before being asked to recruit his own unit, the 130th Regiment of Foot, in 1794. Pigot was granted command of the unit, as lieutenant-colonel, in 1795. It served in the West Indies where it was almost wiped out by disease and disbanded in 1796. Pigot inherited the baronetcy in 1796 and was appointed deputy lieutenant of the Staffordshire Militia in 1797. He was reappointed to the army in 1800 and was promoted to major-general in 1812 and to general in 1825.
Biography
George Pigot was born in 1766, the son of Robert Pigot who became a lieutenant-general in the British Army and inherited the Pigot baronetcy from his brother, the East India Company civil servant George Pigot. George Pigot, son of Robert, is presumed to have been born in Ireland. He was educated at Eton College.
George Pigot joined the British Army as an ensign in the 38th Regiment of Foot on 9 June 1787. He afterwards served in the second battalion of the 1st (Royal) Regiment of Foot and was appointed lieutenant in one of the Independent Companies on 27 January 1791. Pigot was captain by 9 April 1791 when he exchanged into the 31st Regiment of Foot.
Pigot was involved in the raising of the 130th Regiment of Foot, formed from 1794, and was promised command of the unit if he raised enough recruits. He advanced to major in the 31st by purchase on 17 February 1795 and purchased the rank of lieutenant-colonel on 17 February 1795, being listed as an "independent officer", not associated with a regiment. Pigot received command of the 130th on 21 March 1795. The regiment was posted to the West Indies where it was almost destroyed by tropical disease. The unit disbanded in 1796, with the survivors being drafted into other regiments. Pigot went into half pay retirement.
In 1796 Pigot inherited the baronetcy from his father and married Mary Anne Monckton. He was appointed a deputy lieutenant of the Staffordshire Militia on 15 March 1797. Pigot was nominated as sheriff of Staffordshire in 1799, by which time he was resident at the family seat of Patshull Hall. He was nominated for the position again in 1803, 1807 and 1824, being successful on the last occasion (the appointment being made in 1825).
Pigot was reappointed to the British Army on 1 January 1800, as a lieutenant-colonel. On 2 July 1800 he received an act of parliament to dispose of the Pigot Diamond, brought from India by his uncle, by means of a public lottery. Pigot was appointed to the brevet rank of major-general on 1 January 1812 and to the brevet rank of general on 27 May 1825. He died in 1840.
References
1766 births
1840 deaths
British Army generals
Baronets in the Baronetage of Great Britain
Royal Scots officers
South Staffordshire Regiment officers
People educated at Eton College |
27888245 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20the%20jet%20engine | History of the jet engine |
Precursors
Jet engines can be dated back to the invention of the aeolipile around 150 BC. This device used steam power directed through two nozzles so as to cause a sphere to spin rapidly on its axis. So far as is known, it was not used for supplying mechanical power, and the potential practical applications of this invention were not recognized. It was simply considered a curiosity.
Archytas, the founder of mathematical mechanics, as described in the writings of Aulus Gellius five centuries after him, was reputed to have designed and built the first artificial, self-propelled flying device. This device was a bird-shaped model propelled by a jet of what was probably steam, said to have actually flown some 200 meters.
Ottoman Lagari Hasan Çelebi is said to have taken off in 1633 with what was described to be a cone-shaped rocket and then to have glided with wings into a successful landing, winning a position in the Ottoman army. However, this was essentially a stunt. The problem was that rockets are simply too inefficient at low speeds to be useful for general aviation.
The first working pulsejet was patented in 1906 by Russian engineer V.V. Karavodin, who completed a working model in 1907.
The French inventor Georges Marconnet patented his valveless pulsejet engine in 1908, and Ramon Casanova, in Ripoll, Spain patented a pulsejet in Barcelona in 1917, having constructed one beginning in 1913. Robert Goddard invented a pulsejet engine in 1931, and demonstrated it on a jet-propelled bicycle.
Engineer Paul Schmidt pioneered a more efficient design based on modification of the intake valves (or flaps), earning him government support from the German Air Ministry in 1933.
Some early attempts at airbreathing jet engines were hybrid designs in which an external power source first compressed air, which was then mixed with fuel and burned for jet thrust. In one such system, called a thermojet by Secondo Campini but more commonly, motorjet, the air was compressed by a fan driven by a conventional piston engine. Examples include the Caproni Campini N.1 and the Japanese Tsu-11 engine intended to power Ohka kamikaze planes towards the end of World War II. None was entirely successful and the CC.2 ended up being slower than the same design with a traditional engine and propeller combination.
In 1913, French aerospace engineer René Lorin patented a design for the world's first ramjet, but it was not possible to develop a working prototype as no existing airplane could achieve sufficient speed for it to operate, and thus the concept remained theoretical.
Engineers in the 1930s realized that the maximum performance of piston engines was limited, as propulsive efficiency declined as blade tips approached the speed of sound. For engine performance to increase beyond this barrier, a way would have to be found to radically improve the design of the piston engine, or a wholly new type of powerplant would have to be developed. Gas turbine engines, commonly called "jet" engines, could do that.
The key to a practical jet engine was the gas turbine, used to extract energy from the engine itself to drive the compressor. The gas turbine was not an idea developed in the 1930s: the patent for a stationary turbine was granted to John Barber in England in 1791. The first gas turbine to successfully run self-sustainingly was built in 1903 by Norwegian engineer Ægidius Elling. Limitations in design and practical engineering and metallurgy prevented such engines reaching manufacture. The main problems were safety, reliability, weight and, especially, sustained operation.
In Hungary, Albert Fonó in 1915 devised a solution for increasing the range of artillery, comprising a gun-launched projectile which was to be united with a ramjet propulsion unit. This was to make it possible to obtain a long range with low initial muzzle velocities, allowing heavy shells to be fired from relatively lightweight guns. Fonó submitted his invention to the Austro-Hungarian Army but the proposal was rejected. In 1928 he applied for a German patent on aircraft powered by supersonic ramjets, and this was awarded in 1932.
The first patent for using a gas turbine to power an aircraft was filed in 1921 by Frenchman Maxime Guillaume. His engine was an axial-flow turbojet.
In 1923, Edgar Buckingham of the US National Bureau of Standards published a report expressing scepticism that jet engines would be economically competitive with prop driven aircraft at the low altitudes and airspeeds of the period: "there
does not appear to be, at present, any prospect whatever that jet propulsion of the sort here considered will ever be of practical value, even for military purposes."
Instead, by the 1930s, the piston engine in its many different forms (rotary and static radial, air-cooled and liquid-cooled inline) was the only type of powerplant available to aircraft designers. This was acceptable as long as only low-performance aircraft were required, and indeed all that were available.
Pre World War II
In 1928, RAF College Cranwell cadet Frank Whittle formally submitted his ideas for a turbo-jet to his superiors. In October 1929, he developed his ideas further. On 16 January 1930 in England, Whittle submitted his first patent (granted in 1932). The patent showed a two-stage axial compressor feeding a single-sided centrifugal compressor. Practical axial compressors were made possible by ideas from A.A. Griffith in a seminal paper in 1926 ("An Aerodynamic Theory of Turbine Design"). Whittle would later concentrate on the simpler centrifugal compressor only, for a variety of practical reasons. Whittle had his first engine running in April 1937. It was liquid-fuelled, and included a self-contained fuel pump. Whittle's team experienced near-panic when the engine would not stop, accelerating even after the fuel was switched off. It turned out that fuel had leaked into the engine and accumulated in pools.
In Spain, pilot and engineer Virgilio Leret Ruiz was granted a patent for a jet engine design in March 1935. Republican president Manuel Azaña arranged for initial construction at the Hispano-Suiza aircraft factory in Madrid in 1936, but Leret was executed months later by Francoist Moroccan troops after unsuccessfully defending his seaplane base on the first days of the Spanish Civil War. His plans, hidden from Francoists, were secretly given to the British embassy in Madrid a few years later by his wife, Carlota O'Neill, upon her release from prison. In 1935, Hans von Ohain started work on a similar design to Whittle's in Germany, and it is often claimed that he was unaware of Whittle's work. Ohain said that he had not read Whittle's patent, and Whittle believed him (Frank Whittle 1907–1996). However, the Whittle patent was in German libraries, and Whittle's son had suspicions that Ohain had read or heard of it.
Years later, it was admitted by von Ohain in his biography that this was so. Author Margaret Conner states ″Ohain's patent attorney happened upon a Whittle patent in the years that the von Ohain patents were being formulated". Von Ohain himself is quoted as saying "We felt that it looked like a patent of an idea" "We thought that it was not seriously being worked on." As Ohain's patent was not filed until 1935, this admission clearly shows that he had read Whittle's patent and had even critiqued it in some detail prior to filing his own patent and some 2 years before his own engine ran.
VON OHAIN: ″Our patent claims had to be narrowed in comparison to Whittle’s because Whittle showed certain things." "When I saw Whittle's patent, I was almost convinced that it had something to do with boundary layer suction combinations. It had a two-flow, dual entrance flow radial flow compressor that looked monstrous from an engine point of view. Its flow reversal looked to us to be an undesirable thing but it turned out that it wasn't so bad after although it gave some minor instability problems.″
His first device was strictly experimental and could only run under external power but he was able to demonstrate the basic concept. Ohain was then introduced to Ernst Heinkel, one of the larger aircraft industrialists of the day, who immediately saw the promise of the design. Heinkel had recently purchased the Hirth engine company, and Ohain and his master machinist Max Hahn were set up there as a new division of the Hirth company. They had their first HeS 1 centrifugal engine running by September 1937. Unlike Whittle's design, Ohain used hydrogen as fuel, supplied under external pressure. Their subsequent designs culminated in the gasoline-fuelled HeS 3 of 1,100 lbf (5 kN), which was fitted to Heinkel's simple and compact He 178 airframe and flown by Erich Warsitz in the early morning of 27 August 1939, from Rostock-Marienehe aerodrome, an impressively short time for development. The He 178 was the world's first turbojet-powered aircraft to fly.
The world's first turboprop was the Jendrassik Cs-1 designed by the Hungarian mechanical engineer György Jendrassik. It was produced and tested in the Ganz factory in Budapest between 1938 and 1942. It was planned to fit to the Varga RMI-1 X/H twin-engined reconnaissance bomber designed by László Varga in 1940 but the program was cancelled. Jendrassik had also designed a small-scale 75 kW turboprop in 1937.
Whittle's engine was starting to look useful and his Power Jets Ltd. started receiving Air Ministry money. In 1941, a flyable version of the engine called the W.1, capable of 1000 lbf (4 kN) of thrust, was fitted to the Gloster E28/39 airframe specially built for it and first flew on 15 May 1941 at RAF Cranwell.
British aircraft engine designer, Frank Halford, working from Whittle's ideas, developed a "straight through" version of the centrifugal jet; his design became the de Havilland Goblin.
One problem with both of these early designs, which are called centrifugal-flow engines, was that the compressor worked by accelerating air outward from the central intake to the outer periphery of the engine, where the air was then compressed by a divergent duct set-up, converting its velocity into pressure. An advantage of this design was that it was already well understood, having been implemented in centrifugal superchargers, then in widespread use on piston engines. However, given the early technological limitations on the shaft speed of the engine, the compressor needed to have a very large diameter to produce the power required. This meant that the engines had a large frontal area, which made it less useful as an aircraft powerplant due to drag. A further disadvantage of the earlier Whittle designs was that the air flow was reversed through the combustion section and again to the turbine and tailpipe, adding complexity and lowering efficiency. Nevertheless, these types of engines had the major advantages of light weight, simplicity and reliability, and development rapidly progressed to practical airworthy designs.
Austrian Anselm Franz of Junkers' engine division (Junkers Motoren or Jumo) addressed these problems with the introduction of the axial-flow compressor. Essentially, this is a turbine in reverse. Air coming in the front of the engine is blown towards the rear of the engine by a fan stage (convergent ducts), where it is crushed against a set of non-rotating blades called stators (divergent ducts). The process is nowhere near as powerful as the centrifugal compressor, so a number of these pairs of fans and stators are placed in series to get the needed compression. Even with all the added complexity, the resulting engine is much smaller in diameter and thus, more aerodynamic. Jumo was assigned the next engine number in the RLM numbering sequence, 4, and the result was the Jumo 004 engine. After many lesser technical difficulties were solved, mass production of this engine started in 1944 as a powerplant for the world's first jet-fighter aircraft, the Messerschmitt Me 262 (and later the world's first jet-bomber aircraft, the Arado Ar 234). A variety of reasons conspired to delay the engine's availability, this delay caused the fighter to arrive too late to decisively impact Germany's position in World War II. Nonetheless, it will be remembered as the first use of jet engines in service.
The Heinkel-Hirth aviation powerplant firm also tried to create a more powerful turbojet engine, the Heinkel HeS 011 of nearly 3,000 pounds of thrust at full power, very late in the war to improve the propulsion options available to new German military jet aircraft designs, and to improve the performance of existing designs. It used a unique "diagonal" compressor section that combined the features of both centrifugal and axial-flow compressor layouts for turbojet powerplants, but remained on the test bench, with only some nineteen examples ever produced.
In the UK, their first axial-flow engine, the Metrovick F.2, ran in 1941 and was first flown in 1943. Although more powerful than the centrifugal designs at the time, the Ministry considered its complexity and unreliability a drawback in wartime. The work at Metrovick led to the Armstrong Siddeley Sapphire engine which would be built in the US as the J65.
Post World War II
Following the end of the war, the German jet aircraft and jet engines were extensively studied by the victorious allies and contributed to work on early Soviet (see Arkhip Lyulka) and US jet fighters. The legacy of the axial-flow engine is seen in the fact that practically all jet engines on fixed wing aircraft have had some inspiration from this design.
Centrifugal-flow engines have improved since their introduction. With improvements in bearing technology the shaft speed of the engine was increased, greatly reducing the diameter of the centrifugal compressor. The short engine length remains an advantage of this design, particularly for use in helicopters where overall size is more important than frontal area. Also, as their engine components are more robust they are less liable to foreign object damage than axial-flow compressor engines.
Although German designs were more advanced aerodynamically, the combination of simplicity and the lack of requisite rare metals for the necessary advanced metallurgy (such as tungsten, chromium and titanium) for high-stress components such as turbine blades and bearings, etc. meant that the later produced German engines had a short service life and had to be changed after 10–25 hours. British engines were also widely manufactured under license in the US (see Tizard Mission), and were sold to Soviet Russia who reverse engineered them with the Nene going on to power the famous MiG-15. American and Soviet designs, independent axial-flow types, for the most part, would strive to attain superior performance until the 1960s, although the General Electric J47 provided excellent service in the F-86 Sabre in the 1950s.
By the 1950s, the jet engine was almost universal in combat aircraft, with the exception of cargo, liaison, and other specialty types. By this point some of the British designs were already cleared for civilian use, and had appeared on early models like the de Havilland Comet and Avro Canada Jetliner. By the 1960s all large civilian aircraft were also jet powered, leaving the piston engine in such low-cost niche roles such as cargo flights.
The fuel efficiency of turbojet engines was originally worse than piston engines, trading higher speed for more fuel, but the 1970s saw the advent of high bypass engines in jetliners that achieved parity and then greater efficiency at high altitudes, enabling much longer direct flights. Improvements in the turboprop pushed the piston engine out of the mainstream entirely, leaving it serving only the smallest general aviation designs and some use in drone aircraft.
See also
Aerodynamics
History of rockets
History of the internal combustion engine
Mechanical engineering
References
History of aviation
History of mechanical engineering
Jet engines |
1018078 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Lester%20Benton | Arthur Lester Benton | Arthur Lester Benton (October 16, 1909 – December 27, 2006) was a neuropsychologist and Emeritus Professor of Neurology and Psychology at the University of Iowa.
Biography
He received his A.B. from Oberlin College in 1931, his A.M. from Oberlin College in 1933 and his Ph.D. from Columbia University in 1935. He acquired his training as a psychologist at the Payne Whitney Psychiatric Clinic of New York Hospital. Early in 1941, Benton volunteered for service in the U.S. Navy and was commissioned as a lieutenant in the medical department. His active duty lasted until 1945, followed by many years of service in the U.S. Navy Reserve, retiring at the rank of captain. In 1946 Benton accepted an appointment as associate professor of Psychology at the University of Louisville. In 1948, he moved to the University of Iowa as professor and director of graduate training in clinical psychology. In 1958 he became professor of psychology and neurology, retiring in 1978, at which time the Benton Laboratory of Neuropsychology in the Division of Behavioral Neurology was dedicated. At Iowa he supervised 46 doctoral dissertations and 24 master's theses. He was the author of numerous books and the creator of a number of neuropsychological testing instruments, including the Benton Visual Retention Test (BVRT).
He was the husband of the late Professor Rita Benton, Professor of Musicology at the University of Iowa, and father of Raymond Stetson Benton, Abigail Benton Sivan, and Daniel Joseph Benton.
Awards and honors
Distinguished Professional Contribution Award from the American Psychological Association (1978)
Outstanding Scientific Contribution of the International Neuropsychological Society (1981)
Samuel Torrey Orton Award of the Orton Dyslexia Society (1982)
Distinguished Service and Outstanding Contribution Award of the American Board of Professional Psychology (1985)
First speaker in an annual series of lectures initiated by the New York Neuropsychology Group and the Psychology Section of the New York Academy of Sciences, featuring important figures in the development of neuropsychology, subsequently named The Arthur L. Benton Lecture in his honor.(1986)
Distinguished Clinical Neuropsychological Award of the National Academy of Neuropsychology (1989)
Gold Medal Award for Life Achievement in the Application of Psychology from the American Psychological Foundation, for which the citation reads: "For lifetime contributions that include pioneering clinical studies of brain-behavior relations. He introduced novel and objective psychological assessment techniques that expanded our understanding of the difficulties manifested by neurologically compromised patients. He broadened the applications of psychology and in the process opened up a new field of study and practice, clinical neuropsychology." (1992)
See also
Judgment of Line Orientation
References
1909 births
2006 deaths
Deaths from emphysema
Respiratory disease deaths in Illinois
American neurologists
20th-century American psychologists
Oberlin College alumni |
13389605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolnik | Dolnik | Dolnik may refer to:
Dolnik, Lower Silesian Voivodeship (south-west Poland)
Dolnik, Greater Poland Voivodeship (west-central Poland)
Dolnik, Silesian Voivodeship (south Poland)
Dolnik, West Pomeranian Voivodeship (north-west Poland)
People with the surname
This surname (spelling variants: Dolnik, Dolnick) is common among Slovaks and Jews.
Dolnik
Viktor Dolnik (1938–2013), Russian ornithologist
Vladimir Dolnik (born 1993), Slovak professional ice hockey player
Dolnick
Ben Dolnick, writer
Edward Dolnick, writer
Sam Dolnick, journalist, editor of The New York Times |
64897321 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mart%C3%ADn%20Bueno | Martín Bueno | Martin Bueno (born 19 July 1991) is a Uruguayan footballer who plays as a forward for Romanian Liga II club CSM Alexandria.
Club career
In 2018 he was a member of New Zealand's Central Premier League-winning Napier City Rovers team, winning the league's Golden Boot trophy as that year's top goalscorer. He was also a member of Napier's 2019 Chatham Cup winning team. Bueno won the golden boot of the 2020 Oceania Champions League, scoring six goals in three games representing Auckland-based side Eastern Suburbs.
On 4 February 2021 he moved to Italy and signed with Livorno.
References
1991 births
Living people
Uruguayan men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Atenas de San Carlos players
Alacranes de Durango footballers
Napier City Rovers FC players
Hamilton Wanderers AFC players
Eastern Suburbs AFC players
AC Bellinzona players
US Livorno 1915 players
Uruguayan Segunda División players
New Zealand Football Championship players
Swiss Promotion League players
Uruguayan expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Mexico
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
Expatriate men's association footballers in New Zealand
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy |
1893462 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penicillamine | Penicillamine | Penicillamine, sold under the brand name of Cuprimine among others, is a medication primarily used for the treatment of Wilson's disease. It is also used for people with kidney stones who have high urine cystine levels, rheumatoid arthritis, and various heavy metal poisonings. It is taken by mouth.
Penicillamine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1970. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Medical uses
It is used as a chelating agent:
In Wilson's disease, a rare genetic disorder of copper metabolism, penicillamine treatment relies on its binding to accumulated copper and elimination through urine.
Penicillamine was the second line treatment for arsenic poisoning, after dimercaprol (BAL). It is no longer recommended.
In cystinuria, a hereditary disorder in which high urine cystine levels lead to the formation of cystine stones, penicillamine binds with cysteine to yield a mixed disulfide which is more soluble than cystine.
Penicillamine has been used to treat scleroderma.
Penicillamine can be used as a disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) to treat severe active rheumatoid arthritis in patients who have failed to respond to an adequate trial of conventional therapy, although it is rarely used today due to availability of TNF inhibitors and other agents, such as tocilizumab and tofacitinib. Penicillamine works by reducing numbers of T-lymphocytes, inhibiting macrophage function, decreasing IL-1, decreasing rheumatoid factor, and preventing collagen from cross-linking.
Adverse effects
Common side effects include rash, loss of appetite, nausea, diarrhea, and low blood white blood cell levels. Other serious side effects include liver problems, obliterative bronchiolitis, and myasthenia gravis. It is not recommended in people with lupus erythematosus. Use during pregnancy may result in harm to the baby. Penicillamine works by binding heavy metals; the resulting penicillamine–metal complexes are then removed from the body in the urine.
Bone marrow suppression, dysgeusia, anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea are the most common side effects, occurring in ~20–30% of the patients treated with penicillamine.
Other possible adverse effects include:
Nephropathy
Hepatotoxicity
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Aplastic anemia (idiosyncratic)
Antibody-mediated myasthenia gravis and Lambert–Eaton myasthenic syndrome, which may persist even after its withdrawal
Drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus
Elastosis perforans serpiginosa
Toxic myopathies
Unwanted breast growth
Oligospermia
Chemistry
Penicillamine is a trifunctional organic compound, consisting of a thiol, an amine, and a carboxylic acid. It is an amino acid structurally similar to cysteine, but with geminal dimethyl substituents α to the thiol. Like most amino acids, it is a colorless solid that exists in the zwitterionic form at physiological pH.
Penicillamine is a chiral drug with one stereogenic center and exist as a pair of enantiomers. Refer the image for the structure of penicillamine enantiomers. The (S)-enantiomer, the eutomer, is antiarthritic while the distomer (R)-penicillamine is extremely toxic. Of its two enantiomers, L-penicillamine (having R absolute configuration) is toxic because it inhibits the action of pyridoxine (also known as vitamin B6). That enantiomer is a metabolite of penicillin but has no antibiotic properties itself. A variety of penicillamine–copper complex structures are known.
History
John Walshe first described the use of penicillamine in Wilson's disease in 1956. He had discovered the compound in the urine of patients (including himself) who had taken penicillin, and experimentally confirmed that it increased urinary copper excretion by chelation. He had initial difficulty convincing several world experts of the time (Denny Brown and Cumings) of its efficacy, as they held that Wilson's disease was not primarily a problem of copper homeostasis but of amino acid metabolism, and that dimercaprol should be used as a chelator. Later studies confirmed both the copper-centered theory and the efficacy of D-penicillamine. Walshe also pioneered other chelators in Wilson's such as triethylene tetramine and tetrathiomolybdate.
Penicillamine was first synthesized by John Cornforth under supervision of Robert Robinson.
Penicillamine has been used in rheumatoid arthritis since the first successful case in 1964.
Cost
In the United States, Valeant raised the cost of the medication from about US$500 to US$24,000 per month in 2016.
References
External links
Alpha-Amino acids
Antirheumatic products
Chelating agents
Enantiopure drugs
Human drug metabolites
Nephrotoxins
Non-proteinogenic amino acids
Thiols
World Health Organization essential medicines
Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate
Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs |
26271109 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GK%20Reid | GK Reid | GK Reid is an American producer, known for his work with celebrities from David Bowie to Rihanna and Lady Gaga, producing numerous films, music videos, ads, marketing campaigns and commercials, for his innovative creative direction and regenerative fashion design and social good impact projects. Constantly working around the world, he was raised between sword-fighting school with Nahangs in India, and learning healing arts with his Curandera mother in New Mexico, before moving to New York.
Career
GK Reid is known for his work with magazines including V Magazine, Harper's Bazaar, "New York Times magazine", Vanity Fair, GQ, Interview, Flaunt, Vogue, Rolling Stone, and i.D. and has styled numerous ad campaigns for L'Oreal, Pepsi, Hugo Boss and fashion shows.
He works as producer, creative director and production designer on films and commercials. His work won 2 Gold Lions at Cannes Festival of Creativity for Digital Death/TBWA for a video and stills campaign against AIDS. His work also won the top 4 awards at the Fashion Film Festival La Jolla at the Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego, including "Best Picture" for his work as Producer and "Best Fashion" for his work as Costume Designer, and won "Best of Fest" at the Princeton Film Festival 2015, for "Legend of Lady White Snake" sponsored by MAC. GK Reid's designs for the film were exhibited in the windows of Barney's New York, at the Fashion Institute of Technology NY and at The Lincoln Center NY. The film was shown at SHOWstudio Cabinet London, the Pompidou Center Paris, the Australian Center for the Moving Image and the Lincoln Center.
Reid has worked with directors and photographers Peter Lindbergh, Inez van Lamsweerde and Vinoodh Matadin, Matthew Rolston Markus Klinko and Indrani, Anthony Mandler, Michael Haussman, James Mangold, Abel Ferrara, Diane Martel David LaChappelle Floria Sigismondi and in front of the camera with Steven Klein and Mario Testino.
His commercial clients include L'Oreal, Barney's New York, DeBeers, Hugo Boss, Shiseido, MAC, Puma, Nike and Pepsi.
Press
Reid has received much press for his work. GK appeared on VH1's "The Short List" as an expert on Lady Gaga's style. He was one of the main subjects of the Bravo docu-series Double Exposure. Bravo follows him as he works closely with celebrities to express their inner selves through fashion that he finds around the world, and he is also cited as "the voice of reason" who keeps photo shoots and films on track. Double Exposure airs in the US on Bravo, and in over 100 countries around the world including Australia, Brazil, Mexico, Costa Rica, China, India, Thailand, Denmark, Canada and others.
Special Projects
GK Reid produced a 6 part series on Bravo TV / NBC, called Double Exposure, for which he brought onboard Lady Gaga, Kim Kardashian, Lindsay Lohan, and Armie Hammer. He produced and styled the shoots, and designed costumes and accessories for Lady Gaga, for a series of photographs in homage to Hello Kitty, for Lady Gaga's The Fame Deluxe edition, Lady Gaga's "Book of Gaga" 2009, and for Hello Kitty's 35th anniversary campaign, photographed by Markus Klinko and Indrani. Reid designed a "dress completely made from toy versions of the cartoon-style cat" in only 2 hours. As well as shoes from lip glosses. This shoot and Reid's creation of the gown for Gaga is the subject of an episode of American fashion television series Double Exposure, on Bravo which has aired in over 100 countries, and the outfit was spoofed on the TV show Glee.
GK Reid produced shoots, designed for and styled Daphne Guinness for fashion magazines including the London Sunday Times, the New York Times Magazine, Muse Magazine the Observer, for the ad campaign for Daphne Guinness' Barneys New York window performance art piece, and for the film "The Legend of Lady White Snake: A Fashion Tribute to Alexander McQueen". These are featured in the "Daphne Guinness Exhibition" at the Museum at the Fashion Institute from September through January 2012, and in her book "Daphne Guinness." Reid was executive producer, production designer and wardrobe designer on the film "Legend of Lady White Snake" which won "Best Fashion," "Best Visual Effects," "Best Director" and "Best Film" at the world's largest Fashion Film Festival at La Jolla, Museum of Contemporary Art San Diego.
GK styled Rihanna's album covers for "Good Girl Gone Bad" and "Umbrella". Reid has styled Anne Hathaway, Katie Holmes, Eva Mendes, Julianne Moore, Mary J. Blige, Lindsay Lohan, and supermodels Naomi Campbell and Iman for magazine covers.
In 2004 GK was the creative director of a collaboration with author Neil Gaiman and artist Yoshitaka Amano in collaboration with David Bowie and Iman as sci-fi characters, for "The Return of the Thin White Duke" a portion of which was published in [V Magazine].
He has produced, styled and designed costumes for Jennifer Lopez for her album covers, music videos, and Billboard cover, Beyoncé for campaigns including L'Oreal, Kim Kardashian, Alicia Keys, Janelle Monáe, Jaden Smith and Willow Smith, and First Lady of France Carla Bruni-Sarkozy. Reid is responsible for Mariah Carey's transformation for her best-selling album The Emancipation of Mimi and was the costume designer for her perfume commercial directed by Peter Lindbergh. GK produced and styled Tim Gunn for the cover of his book "Tim Gunn: A Guide to Quality Taste and Style", Ryan Seacrest, Kanye West, Usher, Elijah Wood, Val Kilmer, Puff Daddy for music videos, and David Bowie for several album covers and magazines including covers of Rolling Stone and GQ. Reid was the producer and costume designer for David Bowie's music video "Valentine's Day" in which Bowie explores the mind of high school shooter.
GK was producer and EP of the Pepsi short film "Crescendo" featuring music by Jetta produced by Pharrell Williams, set in Rajasthan India, and described by Kyle Hodge of Complex Magazine as "A fun, colorful journey intertwining realism and fantasy through the streets of...India."
GK was a producer of "Girl Rising India -- Woh Padhegi, Woh Udegi" film and campaign with Priyanka Chopra, Amitabh Bachchan, Freida Pinto, Alia Bhatt, Kareena Kapoor, Parineeti Chopra, Nandita Das, Madhuri Dixit and Sushmita Sen all of whom GK also designed the fashions for and styled.
References
External links
GK Reid website
American production designers
Living people
Fashion stylists
Year of birth missing (living people) |
67203367 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hayasakaia | Hayasakaia | Hayasakaia is a genus of cnidarians belonging to the family Tetraporellidae.
The species of this genus are found in Southeastern Asia.
Species:
Hayasakaia cystosa Linnaeus, 1958
Hayasakaia fasciacerioformis Yang, 1978
References
Anthozoa
Anthozoa genera |
50959865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%E2%80%9310%20PSV%20Eindhoven%20season | 2009–10 PSV Eindhoven season | During the 2009–10 Dutch football season, PSV Eindhoven competed in the Eredivisie.
Season summary
PSV finished the league campaign in third place, one spot higher than the previous season. This finish was enough to secure a spot in the play-off round of the 2010–11 UEFA Europa League.
Competitions
Eredivisie
League table
KNVB Cup
UEFA Europa League
Qualifying rounds
Group stage
Round of 32
Kit
Philips continued their sponsorship of PSV's kits, as did Nike for PSV's kit manufacturing.
Players
First-team squad
Squad at end of season
Left club during season
Jong PSV
References
Notes
PSV Eindhoven seasons
PSV Eindhoven
PSV Eindhoven |
69031910 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fazila%20Chiyembekezo | Fazila Chiyembekezo | Fazila Chiyembekezo is a Malawian footballer who plays as a forward for Rivers Angels and the Malawi women's national team.
Club career
Previously playing for Skippers in Malawi, Chiyembekezo was loaned to Rivers Angels in January 2022.
International career
Chiyembekezo capped for Malawi at senior level during the 2021 COSAFA Women's Championship.
References
External links
1990s births
Living people
People from Lilongwe
Malawian women's footballers
Women's association football forwards
Malawi women's international footballers
Expatriate women's footballers in Nigeria
NWFL Premiership players
Rivers Angels F.C. |
46750548 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1000%20Palms | 1000 Palms | 1000 Palms is the third studio album by Floridian surf rock band Surfer Blood. It was released on May 12, 2015, under Joyful Noise Recordings.
Track listing
Personnel
John Paul Pitts – vocals, guitar, producer
Thomas Fekete – guitar
Kevin Williams- bass, keyboard
Tyler Schwarz – drums
Michael McCleary – cornet, trombone
Surfer Blood – producers
Mark Chalecki – mastering
Brian Rosemeyer – engineer
Rob Schnapf – mixing
Ray Holzknecht – drum engineering
Julia Pitts – cover art
Heidi Vaughan-Greenwood – layout
Charting
References
2015 albums
Surfer Blood albums
Joyful Noise Recordings albums |
49465936 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalmusternock%2C%20East%20Ayrshire | Dalmusternock, East Ayrshire | Dalmusternock (NS455417) was a dower house built and occupied by William Mure after his marriage and prior to inheriting the family seat of Rowallan Castle. The property is located near Fenwick, in the Barony of Rowallan, lying 3 miles north of Kilmarnock and 18 miles south of Glasgow, Parish of Fenwick, East Ayrshire, Scotland. The estate is recorded as Dalmunsternoch circa 1654; Dalmasternock circa 1747; Dalmusterknok 1775
History
The Lands of Dalmusternock
In 1615 the poet Sir William Mure of Rowallan Castle married Anna Dundas, the daughter of the laird of Newliston, an estate located near Edinburgh. William was the son of Elizabeth Montgomerie, sister of the well known poet Alexander Montgomerie of Hessilhead Castle near Beith. In 1643 William Mure was a member of the Scottish parliament through which the Solemn League and Covenant was ratified with England and took part in the English campaign of 1644. He fought and was wounded at the Battle of Marston Moor, shortly after commanding a regiment at Newcastle.
As a first home or dower house he built Dalmusternock in 1615 for although he was the eldest son he had not as yet inherited the family properties and would not do so until 1639. Dalmusternock is in an attractive location on the Fenwick Water within easy reach of the family seat at Rowallan Castle. The coat of arms of Sir William and his wife are still located above the entrance door. The 1615 date of his marriage is carved on a stone to the right of the doorway with the initials A. D. for his wife Anna Dundas on a stone to the left.
Five sons and six daughters came of this first marriage, namely William who succeeded, Captain Allexander who was killed fighting rebels in Ireland,
Major Robert who married Lady Newhall in Fife, John of Fenwickhill and Patrick, who in 1662 was created a baronet of Nova Scotia. Only one daughter, Elizabeth, reached maturity and married Uchter Knox, Laird of Ranfurly. His first wife Anna died comparatively young and Sir William then married Dame Jane Hamilton, Lady Duntreth, having two sons, James and Hugh and two daughters, Jeane and Marion from this union.
In 1616 his father inherited the family estates and in 1639 he in turn inherited at which point he moved to Rowallan Castle and Dalmusternock remained as a small dower house before its final transition to a farmhouse.
Dobie records that it was the property of the Marquis of Hastings and by 1874 it was part of the Barony of Rowallan then held by the Earl of Loudoun. As stated it was used as a dower house by the Mures of nearby Rowallan Castle although it is not recorded as to which members of the family lived there. Three heraldic panels are inserted, one with a date of 1671. It was remodelled as a farmhouse in the 19th century.
A watermill of some sort was located at Dalmusternock in the 19th century as indicated by the lade, sluice and mill pond shown on OS maps of the time. Hugh Robertson was farming 129 acres at Dalmusternock in 1851 showing that the dower house had been remodelled by this time.
Bessie Dunlop of the Lynn
Bessie Dunlop of Lynn near Dalry recalled at her trial for witchcraft that a meeting with her 'familiar' Thomas Reid at a place known as the 'Thorn of Dawmstarnik.' This was probably Dalmusternock as it lies on the Stranraer to Glasgow road via Kilmarnock that would have been a busy thoroughfare which Bessie might well have used. Thomas offered her great rewards if she would deny her Christian faith however Bessie refused and Thomas was very displeased however she said that she would take his advice on lesser matters. Bessie Dunlop was burned at the stake in Edinburgh as a witch in 1576.
Cartographic evidence
Pont's map of circa 1600 shows a small wooded estate surrounded by a fence or pale. Moll's 1725 map shows the Glasgow to Stranraer road running close to Dalmusternock. Roys map of 1747 shows Dalmasternock (sic) lying close to the Glasgow to Stranraer Road and a dwelling known as 'Stepends' which may relate to stepping stones across the Mathernock (later Fenwick) Water. The 1856 OS map shows a long lade running upstream and a sluice that suggests a waterwheel. The 1895 OS records a mill pond in addition to the other noted features.
Micro-history
In 1684 John Kirkland and Thomas Rainie are listed as Covenanters on the fugitives roll as living at Dalmusterlock.
James Miller, son to Mathew Miller and Mary Smith of Dalmusternock was buried in Fenwick cemetery on Tuesday, 1 August 1749. Sara Steill of Dalmusternock was buried on Monday, June 24, 1723.
In March 1851 Hugh Robertson, aged 36, was farming 129 acres at Dalmusternock.
Dalmusternock is a Category B Listed Building.
References
Notes
Sources
Dobie, James D. (ed Dobie, J.S.) (1876). Cunninghame, Topographized by Timothy Pont 1604–1608, with continuations and illustrative notices. Glasgow : John Tweed.
Scott, Sir Walter (2001). Letters on Demonology and Witchcraft. The Folklore Society & Wordsworth Editions. .
See also
Bessie Dunlop of Lynn
Rowallan Castle
Polkelly Castle
History of East Ayrshire |
11475211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superboy%20%28Kal-El%29 | Superboy (Kal-El) | Superboy is a superhero that appears in American comic books published by DC Comics. The character was created by Jerry Siegel and Don Cameron and is based on the character of Superman that Siegel co-created with Joe Shuster. Superboy first appeared in the comic book More Fun Comics #101 in 1945.
Superboy is Superman in his preteen and teenage years. Most of his adventures take place in the fictional town of Smallville.
Publication history
The first pitch for a "Superboy" character was originally made by Superman co-creator Jerry Siegel (without fellow Superman co-creator Joe Shuster) in November 1938. The idea was turned down by Detective Comics, Inc., and the publisher again rejected a second pitch by Siegel two years later.
After the appeal of kid superheroes had been demonstrated by the success of Robin, the Boy Wonder and similar characters, Detective Comics reversed itself in late 1944 and started publishing a Superboy feature, in an effort to expand the Superman franchise by presenting a version of the character to whom younger readers could easily relate.
Superboy first appeared in More Fun Comics #101 (January/February 1945, published in late 1944). Though Joe Shuster supplied the art, the Superboy feature was published without the input or approval of Jerry Siegel, who was serving in World War II. This fact increased an already-growing rift between the publisher and Siegel and Shuster.
After just seven issues of More Fun Comics, the Superboy feature moved to Adventure Comics, where he debuted in issue #103 (1946) as the cover and lead feature for the anthology comic. In a period when the popularity of superheroes was generally in decline, the adventures of Superboy became increasingly popular.
Three years after the move to Adventure Comics, Superboy became only the sixth DC superhero to receive his own comic book when Superboy #1 debuted in 1949. Superboy became the first new superhero title to succeed since World War II.
The first Superboy story also updated the origin of Superman, and for the first time shows his father Jor-El as being aware that his son Kal-El would have powers on Earth that he does not have on Krypton. In this original story, years after his arrival on Earth, Clark Kent saves a man pinned under an automobile and subsequently decides to become the costumed hero Superboy. Clark appears to be a preteen in this story, and in his first story in Adventure Comics, he actually celebrates his tenth birthday.
In the first couple years of the Superboy feature, Superboy remained a boy close to that age. The character gradually aged, however, and by the time Superboy #1 was published, Superboy was usually depicted as being in his early teens.
Billed as "The Adventures of Superman When He Was a Boy", Superboy stories in both Adventure Comics and Superboy treat him as essentially a junior version of Superman. To that end, he wears the Superman costume and (beginning in More Fun Comics #107) his alter ego Clark Kent wears glasses as a disguise for his civilian identity. Superboy's powers are identical to those of Superman, including enhanced strength, speed, vision, and hearing, plus flight and invulnerability.
Though clearly superhero stories, Superboy's earliest adventures shared features with non-superhero comics of the late 1940s. For example, the three stories published in Superboy #1 had elements of teen romance, juvenile delinquency, and teen humor. In the words of Robert Greenberger, "No costumed super-villains plagued Smallville."
Not only are the earliest Superboy stories free of supervillains, Superboy himself is essentially earthbound and remains in the story "present." Not until 1949 does Superboy take a trip to the Moon, intercept a comet in outer space, and fly back in time to the American Revolutionary War.
Mythos and supporting cast
After the debut of the Superboy comic, Superboy's mythos and supporting cast expanded as well. His home town finally received a name, Smallville, in the second issue. The town's location was never specified, although it was usually placed close to Metropolis.
Superboy's foster parents, previously only Mr. and Mrs. Kent in their infrequent appearances in the Superboy feature, finally appeared on a cover (Superboy #3), began appearing more frequently in the stories, and received permanent first names, Jonathan in Adventure Comics #149 (1950) and Martha in Superboy #12 (1951).
Superboy #8 (1950) saw the first adventure of "Superbaby," a character which extends the "Junior Superman" concept to that of a super-powered toddler. The Superbaby stories are set in the time just after the Kents adopt Clark. Superboy #10 (1950) featured the first appearance of Lana Lang, a character that would become a romantic foil for both Superboy and the grown-up Superman. Lana's debut also featured her first attempt to learn Superboy's secret identity.
In Adventure Comics #210 (1955), Superboy acquires a superdog, Krypto, the first additional survivor of Krypton that he meets. Though Superboy regularly interacts with the Smallville police, Chief Douglas Parker, who first appears in Adventure Comics #225 (1956), is the first officer to become a regular supporting character.
Pete Ross first appears in Superboy #86 (1961) and quickly becomes Clark's best friend—and just four issues later, the guardian of his secret identity after accidentally finding it out while witnessing him changing into his costume. Bash Bashford, bully and a nemesis of Clark, became the last major addition to Clark's supporting cast with his debut in Superboy #157 (1969).
Early on, the Superboy feature became a platform for backdating first meetings between Superman and members of his supporting cast, nearly always contradicting previously established continuity. Thus, Superboy first meets Perry White in a 1947 story (Adventure Comics #120), and in the following year, meets Lois Lane (Adventure Comics #128), years after the adult Clark Kent had first met his fellow Daily Planet staffers in Superman stories. In a similar vein, Kal-El later meets toddler Jimmy Olsen (Adventure Comics #216, 1955) while still Superboy, as well as meeting a time traveling teenage Jimmy Olsen (Superboy #55, 1957).
Superman's first meetings with a number of his fellow superheroes were also backdated to his adolescence. Thus, Superboy meets Bruce Wayne (Batman) in World's Finest Comics #84 (1956) and on three subsequent occasions; Clark befriends short-term Smallville resident Oliver Queen (Green Arrow) in Adventure Comics #258 (1959); Superboy teams up with Aquaboy (Aquaman) to fight polluters in Superboy #171 (1971); Superboy meets Barbara Gordon (Batgirl) in Adventure Comics #453 (1977) and Clark befriends Hal Jordan (Green Lantern) in New Adventures of Superboy #13 (1981).
Time period of Superboy stories
The story about the first team-up between Superboy and Aquaboy was also the first story that occurred in a "floating timeline," with Superboy stories taking place perpetually 15 years or so behind the current year.
In the earliest stories, the time period in which Superboy's adventures were set was never clearly defined, with some adventures seemingly taking place in the same year the story was published. For example, in a 1952 story, Lana Lang participated in a "Miss Smallville of 1952" contest.
In the late 1950s, Superman comic editor Mort Weisinger decided to place all of Superboy's adventures in an early-to-mid-1930s setting, in light of Superman's first comic appearance being in 1938. In 1970, the Superboy writing staff decided to "update" Superboy by setting his book always about 15 years behind Superman. This resulted in the 1970s stories featuring Superboy being set in the 1950s.
Starting with the debut in 1980 of a new Superboy comic, the Boy of Steel's era was moved up again, to take place in the late 1960s/early 1970s. This also explained Superman's shifting age within his own comic books.
Enemies of Superboy
In 1953, Mort Weisinger became the editor of Superboy and Adventure Comics, and under his guidance, Superboy began to acquire a regular cast of supervillains. Some of these villains first made their appearance in the Superboy feature, and would later go on to plague Superman.
Superboy first meets another human survivor of Krypton, Klax-Ar, a villain who claims he destroyed the planet, in Superboy #67 (1958). Three years later, both the Phantom Zone and its most infamous occupant, General Zod, make their first appearances in Adventure Comics #283 (1961), in a story that features Superboy accidentally trapping himself in the Phantom Zone after a cache of dangerous Kryptonian weapons arrives on Earth. Zod and other Phantom Zone villains would become recurring villains in Superboy stories, and go on to plague Superman.
The first Bizarro, in Superboy #68 (1958), is an imperfect copy of Superboy.
The Kryptonite Kid and his dog, aliens who could project Green Kryptonite radiation, start bedeviling Superboy and Krypto in 1960 (Superboy #83).
Superboy's cosmic heroics also earn him the enmity of an alien criminal task force, the Superboy Revenge Squad starting in Superboy #94 (1961). Two months later, the Revenge Squad started showing up in Superman stories.
Some of Superman's established foes were also backdated to his days as Superboy. Mister Mxyzptlk, the magical imp from the Fifth Dimension who had been Superman's bane since 1944, begins plaguing Superboy in Superboy #78 (1960).
The most famous example is the young Lex Luthor. In a story in Adventure Comics #271 (1960) that purported to reveal the origin of the enmity between Luthor and Superman, Lex is revealed as a brilliant Smallville teen who is a friend of Superboy until Lex blames him for a lab fire that destroys a critical experiment and causes Lex to lose his hair.
Superman's first encounters with his mineral nemesis, Kryptonite, were also backdated to his boyhood. The first Superboy story with Kryptonite, in Adventure Comics #171 (1951), followed the first Superman comic with Kryptonite by three years—and its use on the Superman radio show by eight years. Five years later, a Superbaby flashback in Adventure Comics #231 (1956) backdated Clark's first encounter with Kryptonite yet again.
Though Green Kryptonite, the type that can kill Superman, originally appeared in Superman stories, Red Kryptonite, whose temporary effects on Superman are unpredictable, made its first appearance in the Superboy story in Adventure Comics #252 (1958).
Legion of Super-Heroes
Unlike his adult self, Superboy inhabits a world that is (in his time) largely devoid of other superheroes. Superboy occasionally meets heroes from other worlds, such as "Mars Boy", through both his visits to their worlds and their visits to Earth. Kal-El even meets time-traveling teen heroes of the future, including Robin and Supergirl. Mostly, though, Superboy lacks superheroic peers with whom he could regularly interact.
In 1958, a Superboy story called "The Legion of Super-Heroes" in Adventure Comics #247 changed all that. The story features three super-powered teenagers from the 30th century who offer Superboy membership in their superhero club, the Legion of Super-Heroes. Although this was intended as a one-shot tale, the three future teens returned as guest stars in late 1959, and over the next three years, the Legion appeared periodically in Superboy, Supergirl (who also joined the Legion), and even Superman stories. The team membership also exploded from the initial three members to nearly twenty. Finally, the Legion got its own feature, starting in Adventure Comics #300 (1962), with Superboy usually, but not always, appearing as part of the team.
The popularity of the Legion of Super-Heroes soon rivaled that of Superboy himself. Nine issues after their feature debut, the Legion displaced Superboy as the lead feature in Adventure Comics, and soon forced original Superboy stories out altogether. Superboy's last consecutive original story in Adventure Comics #315 (1963) ended a run of 213 original Superboy features in the series.
Superboy still appeared in nearly every Legion story through Adventure Comics #380 (1969). In the next issue, the Legion was replaced by Supergirl, while the Legion (usually without Superboy) took over Supergirl's spot as the backup in Action Comics. In 1971, the Legion moved over to Superboy as a semi-regular backup. History repeated itself as the Legion backup feature quickly became more popular than the title feature. Beginning with Superboy #197 (1973), the cover logo was changed to read Superboy starring the Legion of Super-Heroes, and the Legion, including Superboy, took the lead spot in the comic.
The Superboy backup in #197 was the last original Superboy feature to appear in his own title. With the next issue, Superboy became an exclusively Legion of Super-Heroes title, with Superboy appearing in every issue as a Legion member. The series title remained Superboy through #230 (1977), after which the series became Superboy and the Legion of Super-Heroes from #231-258. With Legion of Super-Heroes (vol. 2) #259 (1980), an issue in which Superboy leaves the Legion, Superboy's name was ousted from the title altogether. Though he still sometimes appeared in the series that once bore his name, the series remained a Legion comic until its last issue, #354 (1987).
Later publishing history
After the Legion took over Superboy's own title, the solo Superboy feature itself was nearly moribund. For over three years, DC published no solo Superboy feature story. Then the strip was revived for a stand-alone story in DC Super-Stars #12 (1977). Several months later, the Superboy feature returned to a regular publication schedule when the strip returned to its second home. Superboy headlined Adventure Comics for issues #453-458 (1977-1978), and then moved to The Superman Family, appearing in issues #191-198 (1978-1979). Finally, in late 1979, DC Comics gave Superboy his own comic again. The release of The New Adventures of Superboy #1 (January 1980) coincided with Superboy's (temporary) departure from the Legion in The Legion of Super-Heroes #259, as well as the one-shot Superboy Spectacular #1.
Much as Superboy's debut in Adventure Comics depicts Clark celebrating his tenth birthday, The New Adventures of Superboy #1 features Clark celebrating his sixteenth birthday and includes a flashback to Clark's first days as Superboy at the time of his eighth birthday. Later issues of the series continue themes from Superboy's earlier runs in Adventure Comics and Superboy. For example, Superboy first meets a teenage Hal Jordan (Green Lantern); his Earth-Two counterpart, Clark Kent (Kal-L) as a teen; and Toby Manning (the villain Terra-Man) as a boy in the Old West, all years after his first "adult" meetings with them were published. In a backup feature entitled "Superboy's Secret Diaries'", the new series also explored Clark's first couple years as Superboy. Another milestone for young Clark was the introduction of Lisa Davis, a romantic interest who was attracted solely to Clark Kent, with no idea whatsoever of his secret identity (as opposed to Lana Lang's on-again, off-again suspicions of a Clark-Superboy connection); the two would appear as a couple until the series' end. The New Adventures of Superboy lasted 54 issues, with the final issue published in 1984.
Superboy's life in college following his high school graduation and the deaths of his adoptive parents was explored in a backup feature called "Superman: The In-Between Years" that appeared in Superman in the early 1980s. This backup feature was followed by a 1985 four-issue miniseries called Superman: The Secret Years that examines Superboy's junior year, and how he starts calling himself Superman.
Following Crisis on Infinite Earths (1985-1986), The Man of Steel (1986) modified Superman's backstory so that he no longer had a history as Superboy, and never donned a costume until after he finished college. Because of the importance of Superboy to the history of the Legion of Super-Heroes, the 1987 storyline "The Greatest Hero of Them All" revealed that the Legion's Superboy came from a "pocket universe" created by the Legion foe the Time Trapper, rather than the main DC Universe. This version of Superboy dies after saving his parallel Earth.
Only one year after Superboy's comic-book "death", the live-action television series Superboy began its four-year broadcast. In late 1989, DC Comics began publishing a new Superboy comic book based on the TV series. As in the TV series, in the comic Clark Kent (Superboy) is in college, attending Shuster University in Florida. The new Superboy comic lasted 22 issues and one special, ceasing publication in 1992, just about the time the TV series itself came to an end.
Superman: Secret Origin
In recent years, particularly since the limited series Infinite Crisis concluded in 2006, Superman's backstory has been modified again, and many elements of Superboy's history have been restored to his biography. The limited series Superman: Secret Origin (2009-2010) fleshes out many of the details of Kal-El's revised backstory. The writer of the limited series, Geoff Johns, describes the story as follows: "It goes from Clark's teenage years, through his first adventure with the Legion of Super-Heroes and into his arrival and introduction to Metropolis as Superman. We've included the first three covers with the interview and you can see a pretty big part of Clark Kent's history is being reintroduced as well - namely, Superboy. But with a bit of a twist."
The first issue of the miniseries depicts teenage Clark first suiting up shortly after learning that he is from Krypton. In the second issue, Clark performs rescues and other super-feats in costume, but keeps his activities secret, giving rise to the myth of a "super-boy" operating in and around Smallville. He also joins the Legion of Super-Heroes under the identity of Superboy. Later in the same issue, Clark finds Krypto after the dog arrives on Earth. Clark does not go public with his superhero identity until after he has grown up and moved to Metropolis. Superboy (Kal-El) appeared in Adventure Comics from #12/#515 (August 2010) to #520 (January 2011) as a member of the Legion in the first story arc scripted by Paul Levitz in that series since its revival in 2009.
Writers and artists
Superboy/Superman's co-creator Joe Shuster had the initial responsibility for the artwork for the first couple years of the Superboy feature. Shuster himself pencilled the first story, and Shuster and artists from his studio pencilled and inked every story until 1947. The art graced stories written largely by Don Cameron, the author of the first Superboy story in More Fun Comics #101.
One of the artists from the Shuster studio, John Sikela, started drawing Superboy stories in late 1946, and in 1949, when Superboy #1 debuted, Sikela became DC's primary artist on Superboy, and he remained the primary artist until he retired in 1958. A frequent collaborator was fellow Shuster shop alumni Ed Dobrotka. Curt Swan, who would later dominate Superman artwork for nearly 30 years, first drew a Superboy story in Superboy #5 (1949) and would continue to draw Superboy stories, on and off, for twenty years. The primary Superman artist of the 1950s, Wayne Boring, also contributed to Superboy.
Cameron was the primary Superboy writer for the first few years after the character's debut. One of the earliest additional writers was Superboy/Superman co-creator Jerry Siegel, who wrote his first Superboy story in 1947 and would continue to contribute to the feature into the 1960s. Other early, notable Superboy writers included science fiction writer Edmond Hamilton and Batman co-creator Bill Finger. Finger left a permanent impression on the Superboy mythos when, in just the course of a few months, he introduced readers to Superbaby and Lana Lang, in stories illustrated by Curt Swan and John Sikela, respectively.
Editorial guidance for the earliest Superboy stories was provided by Jack Schiff, one of Detective Comics' major editors in their early years, and he continued editing Superboy until 1953, when Mort Weisinger took over on both Superboy and Adventure Comics. Weisinger would later edit the entire Superman line. Over the course of the next few years, Weisinger brought in new writers and artists to work on Superboy. Perhaps the most significant new additions were writer Otto Binder, former Fawcett Comics and Marvel Family scripter, who started writing Superboy stories in 1954, and artist Al Plastino, who drew Superboy starting in 1957. Together, the two men wrote the story "The Legion of Super-Heroes" in Adventure Comics #247 (1958), giving birth to perhaps the most successful spinoff from the Superman family of comics. Three years earlier, Binder had also introduced Krypto in a story illustrated by Curt Swan.
When John Sikela retired in 1958, George Papp took over the lead artistic chores. The co-creator of Green Arrow (with Weisinger), one of Papp's stories involved Superboy meeting the young Green Arrow. Though Otto Binder handled the most Superboy stories, writers contributing to Superboy during the Weisinger years included E. Nelson Bridwell, who also worked on Mad and created many DC characters, such as the Inferior Five, and Leo Dorfman.
In 1968, long-time DC editor Murray Boltinoff took over the editing chores on Superboy from Weisinger starting with issue #149. (By this time, Adventure Comics was no longer publishing original Superboy stories.) Stories published under his editorial guidance usually included credits, making writers and artists easier to track. Frank Robbins, best known for his work (as both writer and artist) on Batman, began writing the Superboy strip with Boltinoff's debut as editor, and remained the primary scripter for three years. Penciler Bob Brown began one issue later, and continued to pencil Superboy stories through the final Superboy feature in #197. Brown's pencils were inked by a number of artists, most notably Murphy Anderson from 1970 to 1973, who was simultaneously inking Curt Swan's pencils on Superman. After Robbins left, Leo Dorfman returned as the writer for Superboy, with occasional scripts by Bridwell and, toward the end, Cary Bates, later famous for his Superman stories. Boltinoff also made the editorial decision to switch the Legion backup feature from Action Comics to Superboy in 1971, and later to make the Legion feature the sole feature in the comic.
When The New Adventures of Superboy debuted in late 1979 under the guidance of Superman comics editor Julius Schwartz, Kurt Schaffenberger, perhaps most famous for his Lois Lane stories, became the main penciller, and contributed his artwork throughout the run of the series. Cary Bates returned to Superboy as the principal writer for the series for its first three years, with prolific DC writer Paul Kupperberg taking the scripting chores for the last third of the run. Bridwell and Bob Rozakis also contributed scripts. In addition, Rozakis wrote about Superboy's college years in the Superman backup series "Superman: The In-Between Years" in the early 1980s, with Schaffenberger providing the pencils; and the miniseries Superman: The Secret Years in 1984–1985, with Curt Swan providing the pencils and Schaffenberger, the inks.
The primary writer for the comic based on the Superboy television series was John Francis Moore, who also penned several screenplays for the TV series. Several other writers, including Kupperberg, also contributed. Experienced artist Jim Mooney (known for his work on Supergirl and Spider-Man) and Curt Swan split the pencilling chores for most of the series. Canadian artist Ty Templeton provided the majority of the inks.
Fictional character biography
Like most "ageless" or slowly aging comic book characters published over a span of decades, Superboy's fictional history was repeatedly modified in the forty years between the first Superboy feature and the Crisis on Infinite Earths. The final chapter in the story of the pre-Crisis Superboy, the tale of how Superboy becomes Superman, was being rewritten in the miniseries Superman: The Secret Years even as the first issues of Crisis went on sale. The synopsis below summarizes Superboy's fictional biography as it stood after the conclusion of the miniseries.
Kal-El comes to Earth
Superboy (Kal-El) is a native of the planet Krypton, the son of Jor-El, Krypton's most brilliant scientist and inventor, and his wife Lara. Finding evidence that the planet is about to be destroyed, Jor-El fails to convince the ruling Science Council, so he conducts tests with model rockets to enable his own family to escape. His tests meet with mixed success. In one experiment, Kal-El's pet dog Krypto is lost when a test rocket carrying Krypto is knocked off course by a meteor.
As Krypton's destruction approaches, Jor-El still has not built a rocket large enough to hold his family. With the planet coming apart beneath them, Jor-El and Lara put their two-year-old son in a model rocket, launch it just minutes ahead of Krypton's destruction, and send Kal-El to the planet Earth. Found by Jonathan and Martha Kent, an older couple with no children of their own, the child is anonymously left at a Smallville orphanage. Some days later, the Kents successfully adopt the toddler. They name the boy Clark Kent, using Martha's maiden name for his first name.
As related in Superbaby stories published over a span of over 30 years, the Kents face tremendous challenges raising their new child, because young Clark gains his full suite of superpowers as soon as he lands on Earth. Six years before Clark becomes Superboy, the Kents have the difficult task of teaching Clark to control the use of his powers. This proves especially challenging because "Superbaby" is inclined to use his powers to act on childish whims, whims that take him around the world, into space, and even into the past. Through his adoptive parents' patient guidance and a great deal of luck, Clark keeps his identity secret and learns to control his powers. As Clark grows up, Jonathan and Martha further instruct Clark to use his powers responsibly for the benefit of others, rather than to his own reward or power.
The Kents spend their first years with Clark on the Kent family farm. Within a few years of adopting Clark, the Kents sell the farm and move to the town of Smallville proper. Using the money from the sale of the farm, the Kents open a general store, a family business to which Clark will contribute when he is older. The Kents live at 321 Maple Drive, and Clark attends school with his peers, including neighbor Lana Lang. To help conceal his identity, Clark adopts a mild-mannered demeanor and wears glasses.
Clark becomes Superboy
On his eighth birthday, Clark dons an indestructible costume woven by Martha from the Kryptonian blankets that accompanied him on his journey to Earth. He becomes the costumed hero Superboy, the first superhero of Earth-One. Around the same time as his public debut, Superboy learns of his Kryptonian origin, and several weeks later, he gives reporter Perry White the exclusive story about his alien background. Though most of Superboy's early adventures occur in the vicinity of Smallville, he becomes famous for his superheroics around the globe. Superboy's status as both Smallville's hometown hero and as a national/global hero are reflected in the emergency-signal system that he establishes with Chief Parker of the Smallville Police and the President of the United States. As Superboy repeatedly ventures into interstellar space, his super-heroics also bring him fame on other worlds.
In Smallville, Superboy uses tunnels from the basement of the Kents' house and general store to make quick, concealed exits when Superboy is needed. Superboy also maintains a secret lab in the basement of the Kent house, where he builds Superboy and Clark Kent robots to cover for him when he is busy elsewhere or otherwise unavailable.
Clark's mild-mannered character gives him few friends as a boy, and makes him the target of bullies like Bash Bashford. For years, Clark's closest friend is his beautiful red-headed neighbor, Lana Lang. Despite their friendship, Lana is also a major nuisance in Clark's life because of her recurring suspicion that Clark is secretly Superboy. Through clever use of his super-powers and robot duplicates of himself (in both identities), Clark is always able to avoid the traps Lana sets for him in order to determine the truth. For all that Lana's antics annoy Clark, as a teenager, Lana becomes Superboy's main romantic interest, and remains so through his years in high school.
As Superboy, Kal-El is the first of Earth's superheroes. Despite the occasional appearance of heroes like Aquaboy and the Japanese hero Sunburst,<ref name="nas45">The New Adventures of Superboy #45-47 (1983)</ref> Superboy is the only superhero who has a well-known public profile until after he becomes Superman. Superboy's solitary status is reduced somewhat when he is reunited with Krypto, infant Kal-El's pet dog on Krypton. Krypto joins Superboy in many of his subsequent adventures as his canine partner, and also has many adventures of his own. Through his discovery of the Phantom Zone, Superboy later finds out he is not the lone humanoid survivor of Krypton.
Superboy joins the Legion
Though Superboy encounters few super-powered peers on Earth, he occasionally befriends teens living on other worlds that have superpowers. Not until Cosmic Boy, Saturn Girl, and Lightning Lad come into the past to recruit him for the thirtieth-century Legion of Super-Heroes does Superboy find a group of super-powered friends with whom he regularly interacts. Superboy's career in fact is the inspiration for the formation of the Legion. Throughout his teenage years, Superboy travels to the future under his own power to join the Legion in fighting threats to Earth and the United Planets, to which Earth belongs. Superboy becomes a core member of the Legion during two extended, full membership stints in the Legion, including two terms as Deputy Leader. Through the Legion, Superboy also regularly meets with his cousin Kara, Supergirl, but because of telepathic hypnotism employed by Saturn Girl, Superboy never remembers Kara, or any other information relating to his future career as Superman or the future of his family and friends, when he returns to his normal, 20th-century era.
One of the youths who becomes a member of the Legion is Lar Gand, a teenager whom Superboy first knows as Mon-El when he crash-lands on Earth in Superboy's era. The teenager, who has powers identical to Superboy, initially has amnesia, and because he carries a message from Jor-El, Superboy believes him to be his big brother and dubs him Mon-El. When Mon-El is exposed to lead, his memory returns. He reveals that he is actually a Daxamite named Lar Gand, and for Daxamites, lead is more deadly than Kryptonite. To save his life, Superboy projects Mon-El into the Phantom Zone, where Mon-El would linger for a millennium before being freed by the Legion. In the Legion, the two teens remain close friends. The alternate Superboy from the Pocket Universe would die in Mon-El's arms.
Superboy meets Lex Luthor
Not long after he joins the Legion, Superboy's life is threatened when a Green Kryptonite meteor falls to Earth, but his life is saved by a Smallville farm boy named Lex Luthor, who also happens to be a science prodigy. The two boys become fast friends, and Superboy builds Lex a fully stocked laboratory to allow him to conduct his experiments. Lex uses the lab to search for a cure for Superboy's weakness to Kryptonite. Just after Lex discovers the cure, a fire breaks out in his lab. When Superboy puts out the fire, the antidote is destroyed, along with a protoplasmic life form that Lex created, and Lex also loses all his hair. Lex blames Superboy for destroying his experiment and his hair loss, accusing the Boy of Steel of jealousy over his brilliance. Lex swears that he will prove to the world that he is superior to Superboy. Lex does this by trying to implement a series of scientific quality-of-life improvements for Smallville's residents; however, each invention of Lex's winds up backfiring, requiring Superboy to intervene. This series of setbacks results in Lex dedicating his life to destroying Superboy. In the years that follow, Lex becomes Superboy's (and then Superman's) archfoe. Superboy soon acquires a small rogues gallery of recurring villains, including Lex.
Around the time Mon-El arrives on Earth, a boy named Pete Ross moves to Smallville. He quickly befriends Clark Kent, and the two boys are soon best friends. One night on a camping trip, Pete accidentally spies Clark changing into his Superboy outfit. Vowing to keep his knowledge a secret, Pete uses his knowledge to aid Superboy and on several occasions, save his life. Not until years after they have both grown up does Pete reveal his knowledge to Clark. Through the rest of his years in high school, Pete and Lana remain Clark's closest friends, and also share numerous adventures with Superboy both in the twentieth century and with the Legion in the thirtieth.
Superboy becomes Superman
Shortly after his graduation from high school, Superboy takes his adoptive parents on a holiday in the Caribbean where they contract a rare tropical disease. Though Superboy tries valiantly to save Martha and Jonathan, nothing cures their illness. With Clark by her side, Martha passes away. Just before he dies, Jonathan makes Clark promise to use his powers only for good. In mourning, Clark buries his parents. Shortly thereafter, Superboy leaves Smallville, though not before throwing the townsfolk a giant farewell party that he tops off with a giant cake. Separately, Clark departs for Metropolis to attend Metropolis University.
In Metropolis, Clark readily befriends the students who share his dorm suite, Tommy Lee, Dave Hammond and the alcoholic Ducky Ginsberg. Superboy soon reveals himself as the new guardian of Metropolis, ending a national guessing game about which city Superboy would call his new home. For Clark's first two years at Metropolis University, Lana is also a classmate, before she transfers to Hudson University.
In his junior year, Superboy again feels helpless when he isn't present to stop an automobile accident involving Ducky, caused by his own drunk driving. Ducky is paralyzed for life and thereafter uses a wheelchair. Ducky's place in the dorm is taken by Billy Kramer, a Smallville boy whom Clark befriends and decides to trust with his secret. Much as Superman would later do for Jimmy Olsen, Superboy gives Billy a supersonic whistle that he can use to call Superboy for help when needed. While he is befriending Billy, Clark becomes romantically involved with a wheelchair-using student named Lori Lemaris. He eventually proposes to her, but Lori reveals she already learned his identity telepathically. She rejects his proposal because she is a mermaid from Atlantis.Superman: The Secret Years #2 (1985)
Trapped in a burning building while attempting to save a life, Billy uses his supersonic whistle to call Superboy, but Superboy, preoccupied with saving a thousand people on a Pacific island from a tsunami, is unable to reach him in time. Upset by his inability to save his parents and friends, Superboy exiles himself until, three months later, Perry White, using Billy's whistle, calls him back into action to battle Lex Luthor. After defeating Luthor, Clark makes peace with his limitations and returns to Metropolis for his final year of college. Now 21, Kal-El starts calling himself Superman, 13 years after his debut as Superboy.
Post-Infinite Crisis
In current mainstream DC continuity, Superman does not begin his public superhero career until adulthood. However, as a teenager he joins the Legion of Super-Heroes, and used the name "Superboy" while visiting the 31st century. Thus, most of Kal-El's pre-Crisis on Infinite Earths stories with the Legion are once again considered canonical. In addition, Clark wears his Superboy outfit when he works as a clandestine superhero in and around Smallville.
Powers, abilities, and equipment
Superboy has the same powers and abilities of Superman, including superhuman strength, superspeed, heat vision, X-ray vision, telescopic and microscopic vision, flight, invulnerability, and super-speed sufficient to travel through both interstellar space and time. Kal-El would not build his Fortress of Solitude until he becomes Superman, so Superboy uses the Kent house in Smallville as a base. Superboy's well-stocked secret laboratory in the Kent basement is where he stores several devices invented by his Kryptonian father Jor-El, including the Phantom Zone projector. A tunnel leading to the outskirts of Smallville allows Superboy to leave the Kent house (as Superboy) unobserved. Though they are not as powerful as Superboy himself, Superboy's robot duplicates possess his powers, enabling them to make convincing substitutes for him when necessary. The Clark Kent robot performs the same function for Kal-El's other identity.
Superboy wears a Legion flight ring to signify his membership in the Legion of Super-Heroes, and for its communication function (allowing him to converse with other Legionnaires in the vacuum of outer space).
Other versions
Like Superman, Superboy appeared as a character in "imaginary stories" during the Silver and Bronze Ages of Comics. These included stories in which Bruce Wayne comes to live with the Kents after his parents are killed; baby Kal-El is raised by gorillas under the name "Karkan", in a tale that resembles the story of Tarzan; and Kara Zor-El comes to Earth years ahead of Kal-El, becoming Superwoman to his Superboy (portrayed in this story as a juvenile delinquent).
Kal-El has also appeared as Superboy in two popular Elseworlds tales: Superboy's Legion (2001), in which Kal is raised in the 31st century by R. J. Brande and becomes a founding member of "Superboy's Legion", later known as the Legion of Super-Heroes; and the Superman & Batman: Generations series of stories, in which Superman gets his start as Superboy during the 1920s.
Legal status
The Superboy character is currently the subject of a legal battle between Warner Bros. Discovery, the owner of DC Comics, and the heirs of Jerry Siegel. The Siegel estate claims that the original "Superboy" character published by DC Comics is an independent creation that used ideas from Jerry Siegel's original rejected pitch and was created without his consent. On April 4, 2006, Federal judge Ronald S. W. Lew issued a summary judgment ruling that Jerry Siegel's heirs had the right to revoke their copyright assignment to Superboy and had successfully reclaimed the trademark to the name as of November 17, 2004. This legal battle is still ongoing.
In April 2013, federal judge Otis Wright ruled that DC Comics (and its parent Time Warner) owned the rights to the Superboy character, apparently clearing the way for the company to produce new works featuring the adolescent Clark Kent as "Superboy," if it so wished. However, the Siegel heirs indicated they would continue appeals.
In other media
Superboy has made the transition to television several times, most notably in the television series Superboy (1988-1992), about Clark during his college days.
Many elements of the Superboy stories have also been incorporated into the TV series Smallville'' (2001-2011), including characters such as Lana Lang and Pete Ross; the story arc of how close friends Clark Kent and Lex Luthor become bitter enemies; the motif of Clark first meeting many of Superman's friends and foes while still a teenager; and the town of Smallville itself.
References
Comics characters introduced in 1945
Kryptonians
DC Comics characters with superhuman durability or invulnerability
DC Comics characters with superhuman strength
DC Comics characters who can move at superhuman speeds
DC Comics characters with accelerated healing
DC Comics characters with superhuman senses
DC Comics aliens
DC Comics extraterrestrial superheroes
DC Comics male superheroes
DC Comics child superheroes
DC Comics orphans
Characters created by Jerry Siegel
Characters created by Joe Shuster
Fictional characters with air or wind abilities
Fictional characters with fire or heat abilities
Fictional characters with ice or cold abilities
Fictional characters with slowed ageing
Fictional characters with X-ray vision
Superheroes who are adopted
Superman characters
Superboy
Teenage superheroes |
11047708 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.%20Route%209%20in%20Delaware | U.S. Route 9 in Delaware | U.S. Route 9 (US 9) is a United States Numbered Highway in the Northeastern U.S., running from Laurel, Delaware, north to Champlain, New York. In Delaware, the route runs a southwest–northeast path through Sussex County. Even though US 9 is signed north–south for the remainder of its route, the segment in Delaware is signed east–west. The highway runs from its western terminus at US 13 in Laurel northeast to the Cape May–Lewes Ferry terminal in Lewes, where the ferry carries the route across the Delaware Bay to North Cape May, New Jersey. US 9 passes through rural areas and serves the communities of Laurel, Georgetown, and Lewes. US 9 intersects Delaware Route 20 (DE 20) in Hardscrabble, US 113 and DE 18/DE 404 in Georgetown, DE 30 in Gravel Hill, DE 5 in Harbeson, and DE 1 at the Five Points intersection in Nassau. US 9 runs concurrent with DE 404 between Georgetown and Five Points and with DE 1 between Five Points and Carpenters Corner.
What is now US 9 in Delaware was originally built as a state highway during the 1920s and designated by 1936 as Delaware Route 28 (DE 28) between Laurel and Georgetown and a part of DE 18 between Georgetown and Lewes. US 9 was extended to Delaware from New Jersey by way of the Cape May–Lewes Ferry in 1974, replacing all of DE 28 and the portion of DE 18 between Georgetown and Five Points, with the route aligned to bypass Lewes. DE 404 was designated concurrent with the portion of US 9 between Georgetown and Five Points by 1987.
Route description
US 9 begins at an intersection with US 13 in the commercial northern part of the town of Laurel, where the road continues west past the terminus of US 9 as Georgetown Road. From the western terminus, the route heads to the northeast on two-lane undivided County Seat Highway. The road leaves Laurel and runs through a mix of farmland and woodland with some homes. The route intersects DE 20 in the community of Hardscrabble, at which point it briefly becomes a divided highway. Past this intersection, US 9 becomes undivided again and continues through rural land, crossing Tyndall Branch and passing to the southeast of the University of Delaware's Carvel Research and Education Center and Sussex Technical High School. Past this, the route heads through the community of Whaleys Corners. Farther northeast, the road reaches the town of Georgetown and intersects US 113/DE 404 Truck in a commercial area. At this point, US 9 Truck heads south along US 113/DE 404 Truck to bypass Georgetown to the south. Following US 113, the route continues northeast on West Market Street through residential areas. US 9 enters downtown Georgetown and intersects DE 18/DE 404 at a traffic circle called The Circle, where the Sussex County Courthouse is located.
At this point, US 9 continues northeast concurrent with DE 404 on East Market Street through the downtown area. The road crosses the Delmarva Central Railroad's Indian River Subdivision line at-grade and runs through residential areas with a few businesses, passing south of the Southern Delaware Tourism Visitors Center. US 9/DE 404 heads east-northeast out of Georgetown and becomes Lewes Georgetown Highway, passing through farmland and woodland with some development. The two routes intersect the eastern terminus of US 9 Truck/DE 404 Truck a short distance east of Georgetown. In the community of Gravel Hill, the road crosses DE 30. Following this intersection, US 9/DE 404 passes through more rural land, reaching a junction with DE 5 near businesses in the community of Harbeson. Past here, the two routes cross an abandoned railroad line at the Cool Spring Road intersection in the community of Cool Spring. Farther east, residential development near the road begins to increase, with the road passing through the community of Belltown. Upon reaching the area of the Five Points intersection in the community of Nassau, US 9/DE 404 runs past homes and businesses, widening into a divided highway and coming to an intersection with DE 1D/DE 23. DE 23 joins US 9/DE 404 for a concurrency on a four-lane divided highway before the road comes to a junction with DE 1. Here, DE 23/DE 404 ends, US 9 Business (US 9 Bus.) continues northeast, and US 9 heads east for a concurrency with DE 1. At this intersection, access from eastbound US 9 to northbound DE 1 is provided by a reverse jughandle.
Past the Five Points intersection, US 9 follows DE 1 on Coastal Highway, an eight-lane divided highway with six travel lanes and a combined right turn, bus, and bicycle lane in each direction. The road passes north of the Lewes Transit Center, a park-and-ride facility serving DART First State buses, and runs through commercial areas before it curves southeast into wooded areas. In the community of Carpenters Corner, US 9 splits from DE 1 by turning northeast onto Dartmouth Drive, a four-lane undivided road with three westbound lanes and one eastbound lane. A short distance later, the route turns north-northeast onto two-lane undivided Kings Highway, passing through farmland with some residential subdivisions and heading to the east of Cape Henlopen High School. US 9 splits from Kings Highway at a directional intersection and continues northeast on Theodore C. Freeman Highway, a road maintained by the Delaware River and Bay Authority (DRBA) that bypasses the city of Lewes to the southeast. The route runs between developed areas to the northwest and rural areas and the parallel Junction and Breakwater Trail to the southeast before crossing over the trail, Gills Neck Road, and the Lewes and Rehoboth Canal on a high-level bridge. The road bends north and heads across an abandoned railroad line. After this, US 9 intersects the eastern terminus of US 9 Bus. and turns east onto Cape Henlopen Drive, passing between residential development along the Delaware Bay to the north and the abandoned railroad tracks to the south. US 9 turns north onto a divided highway and comes to the Lewes Terminal of the Cape May–Lewes Ferry, which carries the route across the Delaware Bay to North Cape May, New Jersey. Cape Henlopen Drive continues east toward Cape Henlopen State Park.
The section of US 9 between US 113 and DE 1 serves as part of a primary hurricane evacuation route from the Delaware Beaches to points inland while the section of US 9 between US 13 and US 113 serves as part of a secondary hurricane evacuation route from the coastal areas. Sections of US 9 in Delaware are part of the Delaware Byways system. The portion of the route between DE 5 in Harbeson and DE 1 in Five Points is designated as part of the Delaware Bayshore Byway, which is also a National Scenic Byway. The portions of the route between DE 1 and Kings Highway and the eastern terminus of US 9 Bus. and the Cape May–Lewes Ferry terminal in Lewes are designated as part of the Historic Lewes Byway, Gateway to the Bayshore. US 9 in Delaware has an annual average daily traffic count ranging from a high of 58,655 vehicles along the DE 1 concurrency to a low of 977 vehicles at the Cape May–Lewes Ferry terminal. The portion of US 9 in Delaware east of DE 18/DE 404 in Georgetown is part of the National Highway System.
History
What is currently US 9 in Delaware existed as a state highway between Whaleys Corners and Georgetown by 1920, with the remainder as an unimproved county road. At the time, the road was a state aid highway between Laurel and Whaleys Corners and under contract as a state aid highway between Georgetown and Harbeson. By 1924, the state highway along the present alignment of US 9 was completed, running from Laurel through Georgetown to Lewes. A year later, what is now US 9 along the DE 1 concurrency between Wescoats Road and Carpenters Corner was built as a state highway. The Kings Highway portion of the current route was paved by 1931. When Delaware assigned numbers to its state highways by 1936, DE 28 was designated to run from US 13 (Central Avenue) in Laurel east to DE 18 in Georgetown while the road between Georgetown and Lewes became a part of DE 18. By 1954, US 13 was moved to a new alignment to the east of Laurel, and the western terminus of DE 28 was truncated from Central Avenue to the new location of US 13. The same year, the present alignment of US 9 between Five Points and Wescoats Road was constructed as part of a new divided highway alignment of DE 14.
The Cape May–Lewes Ferry was started on July 1, 1964; at this time, the ferry did not carry a route number. In 1964, construction was underway on an approach road to the ferry between Kings Highway and Cape Henlopen Drive; this road was built by the DRBA. On December 21, 1965, the Delaware Senate approved a resolution for the approach road to the ferry to be named the Theodore C. Freeman Highway after Theodore C. Freeman, an astronaut who attended Lewes Elementary School from 1936 to 1944 that was killed in a plane accident while training on October 31, 1964. The Theodore C. Freeman Highway was opened in 1966.
In 1974, US 9 was extended across the ferry from New Jersey to Delaware, replacing DE 28 between Laurel and Georgetown and DE 18 between Georgetown and Five Points. Between Five Points and the terminal of the Cape May–Lewes Ferry, US 9 followed DE 1/DE 14, Kings Highway, and Theodore C. Freeman Highway before coming to Cape Henlopen Drive. At the same time, US 9 Bus. was designated onto the former alignment of DE 18 between Five Points and Lewes as well as a portion of Cape Henlopen Drive connecting to US 9. US 9 Truck was created as a truck bypass of the portion of US 9 through Georgetown in 1983. DE 404 was extended to follow US 9 between Georgetown and Five Points by 1987.
In 1991, the Five Points intersection was reconfigured to separate the DE 23 and Plantation Road intersection from US 9/DE 404, with a short connector road linking US 9/DE 404 to the two roads. In addition, a jughandle was constructed from eastbound US 9/DE 404 to northbound DE 1. In 2004, the Delaware Department of Transportation began a study on converting the Five Points intersection into an interchange in addition to developing plans on widening US 9/DE 404 west of the Five Points intersection. Alternatives for these projects were presented at public workshops between 2004 and 2008, although the projects were canceled due to lack of support and financial limitations.
On January 25, 2021, construction began to realign Airport and Sand Hill roads at their intersection with US 9/DE 404 east of Georgetown as part of a larger project to create an eastern gateway into Georgetown. Construction was expected to be completed in April 2021.
In 2022, construction began to reconfigure the intersection between US 9/DE 404 and DE 1D/DE 23 that would realign DE 1D and DE 23 to meet at a roundabout and intersect a longer connector road linking to US 9/DE 404 and also build a direct ramp from southbound DE 1 to US 9/DE 404 at the DE 1D/DE 23 intersection. Construction on this project is planned to be finished in 2024. A proposed construction project will widen US 9 along Kings Highway between DE 1 and Theodore C. Freeman Highway near Lewes. The road will be widened to a four-lane divided highway with shared-use paths on both sides of the road. Along this stretch, roundabouts will be constructed at Dartmouth Drive, Clay Road, Gills Neck Road, the entrance to proposed developments, and Theodore C. Freeman Highway. Construction on this widening project is planned to take place between 2026 and 2028.
Major intersections
See also
References
External links
US 9 at AARoads.com
Delaware Roads - US 9
09
Transportation in Sussex County, Delaware |
3786128 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20members%20of%20the%20Storting%2C%201981%E2%80%931985 | List of members of the Storting, 1981–1985 | List of all members of the Storting in period 1981 to 1985. The list includes all those initially elected to
Storting.
There were a total of 155 representatives, distributed among the parties: 65 (66 after the runoff) to Norwegian Labour Party,
54 (53 after the runoff) to Conservative Party of Norway, 15 to Christian Democratic Party of Norway, 11 to
Centre Party (Norway),
4 to Socialist Left Party, 2 to Progress Party (Norway) and 2 to Venstre (Norway).
There was a runoff in Buskerud. Norwegian Labour Party won an additional seat at the expense of the Conservative Party of Norway.
Aust-Agder
Vest-Agder
Akershus
Buskerud
Before Runoff
After Runoff
Finnmark
Hedmark
Hordaland
Møre og Romsdal
Nordland
Oppland
Oslo
Rogaland
Sogn og Fjordane
Telemark
Troms
Nord-Trøndelag
Sør-Trøndelag
Vestfold
Østfold
Parliament of Norway, 1981–85 |
26182350 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay%20R.%20Benton | Jay R. Benton | Jay Rogers Benton (October 18, 1885 – November 4, 1953) was an American lawyer, businessman, and politician who served as Massachusetts Attorney General from 1923 to 1927. He was born in Somerville in 1885.
The son of Republican politician Everett Chamberlin Benton, Benton worked as a banker, newspaper publisher, and lawyer before pursuing a career in politics. Benton was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1917, but resigned the following year to become Assistant Attorney General of Massachusetts. When Attorney General J. Weston Allen decided not to run for reelection in 1922, Benton was elected to succeed him.
From 1937 until his death in 1953, Benton was president of the Boston Mutual Life Insurance Company. He died in Belmont, Massachusetts in 1953.
References
1885 births
1953 deaths
Boston University School of Law alumni
Harvard University alumni
Phillips Exeter Academy alumni
Massachusetts Attorneys General
Members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
People from Belmont, Massachusetts
Politicians from Somerville, Massachusetts
20th-century American politicians |
3264532 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaguar%20XK120 | Jaguar XK120 | The Jaguar XK120 is a sports car manufactured by Jaguar between 1948 and 1954. It was Jaguar's first sports car since SS 100 production ended in 1939.
The XK120 is a highly desirable model. In 2016, Bonhams sold a matching numbers left-hand-drive alloy-bodied roadster - one of only 184 - for $396,000 (£302,566). This marks the highest price achieved for an XK120 at auction thus far.
History
The XK120 was launched in open two-seater or (US) roadster form at the 1948 London Motor Show as a testbed and show car for the new Jaguar XK engine designed by Jaguar Chief Engineer William Heynes. The display car was the first prototype, chassis number 660001. It looked almost identical to the production cars except that the straight outer pillars of its windscreen were curved on the production version. The sports car caused a sensation, which persuaded Jaguar founder and Chairman William Lyons to put it into production.
Beginning in 1948, the first 242 cars wore wood-framed open 2-seater bodies with aluminium panels. Production switched to the 1cwt or heavier all-steel in early 1950. The "120" in the name referred to the aluminium car's 120 mph (193 km/h) top speed (faster with the windscreen removed), which made it the world's fastest production car at the time of its launch. In 1949 the first production car, chassis number 670003, was delivered to Clark Gable.
The XK120 was ultimately available in three body styles, all two-seaters and available either as Left (LHD) or Right Hand Drive (RHD): an open 2-seater described in the US market as a roadster (OTS); a fixed head coupé (FHC) from 1951; and a drophead coupé (DHC) from 1953. Certain Special Equipment roadster and fixed head coupe cars were produced were sold between 1948 and 1949 as an early production build for enthusiasts, denoted by an 'S' preceding the chassis number.
A version with a smaller engine (2-litre 4-cylinder) designated the XK100 and intended for the UK market was cancelled prior to production.
On 30 May 1949, on the empty Ostend-Jabbeke motorway in Belgium, a prototype XK120 timed by the officials of the Royal Automobile Club of Belgium achieved an average of runs in opposing directions of 132.6 mph with the windscreen replaced by just one small aero screen and a catalogued alternative top gear ratio, and 135 mph with a passenger-side tonneau cover in place. In 1950 and 1951, at Autodrome de Linas-Montlhéry, a banked oval track in France, open XK120s averaged over 100 mph for 24 hours and over 130 mph for an hour. In 1952 a fixed-head coupé took numerous world records for speed and distance when it averaged 100 mph for a week.
XK120s were also highly successful in racing and rallying.
Construction
The first 242 production XK120s, hand-built with aluminium bodies on ash framing, were constructed between late 1948 and early 1950. To meet demand, and beginning with the 1950 model year, all subsequent XK120s were mass-produced with pressed-steel bodies. Aluminium doors, bonnet, and boot lid were retained. The DHC and FHC versions, more luxuriously appointed than the constantly exposed open cars, had wind-up windows and wood veneers on the dashboard and interior door caps.
The XK120’s steel chassis was mostly copied from the Jaguar Mark V, using many of the same parts.
The dual overhead-cam 3.4 L straight-6 XK engine was highly advanced for a mass-produced unit of the time, featuring a high-temperature, high-strength aluminum alloy cylinder head, hemispherical combustion chambers, inclined valves, and twin side-draft SU carburetors. Using 80 octane fuel a standard 8:1 compression ratio developed . Most of the early cars were exported; a 7:1 low-compression version, with commensurately reduced performance, was reserved for the UK market, where the post-war austerity measures then in force restricted buyers to 70 octane "Pool petrol". The Jaguar factory's access to 80 octane fuel allowed it to provide cars with the higher compression ratio to the press, enabling journalists to test the model's optimum performance in Belgium, on a long, straight stretch of road between Jabbeke and Ostend. The XK engine's basic design by William Heynes, later modified into 3.8 and 4.2-litre versions, survived until 1992.
All XK120s had independent Heynes designed torsion bar front suspension, semi-elliptic leaf springs at the rear, recirculating ball steering, telescopically adjustable steering column, and all-round 12-inch drum brakes which were prone to fade. Some cars were fitted with Alfin (ALuminium FINned) brake drums to help overcome the fade.
The open two-seater provided little weather protection. Its lightweight folding canvas top and detachable sidescreens stowed out of sight behind the seats. The doors had no external handles; they were opened by an interior pull-cord, accessed through a flap in the sidescreens when the weather equipment was in place. The windscreen could be removed for aeroscreens to be fitted.
The drophead coupé (DHC) had a padded, lined canvas top, which folded onto the rear deck behind the seats when retracted, and roll-up windows with opening quarter lights. The flat glass two-piece windscreen was set in a steel frame that was integrated with the body and painted the same colour. Dashboards and door-caps in both the DHC and the closed coupé (FHC) were wood-veneered, whereas the open cars were leather-trimmed. All models had removable spats ("fender skirts" in America) covering the rear wheel arches, which enhanced the streamlined look. On cars fitted with optional centre-lock wire wheels (available from 1951), the spats were omitted as they gave insufficient clearance for the chromed, two-eared Rudge-Whitworth knockoff hubs. Chromium-plated wire wheels were optional from 1953. Factory standard 6.00 × 16-inch cross ply tyres were fitted on 16 × 5K solid wheels (Pre–1951), with 185VR16 Pirelli Cinturato radial tyres available as a later option.
In addition to wire wheels, upgrades on the Special Equipment (SE) version (called the M version for Modified in the United States) included increased power, stiffer suspension and dual exhaust system.
Engine specifications
Performance
The Motor magazine road-tested an XK120 in November 1949. This pre-production car, chassis number 660001, road-registered as HKV 455, was the first prototype built. It was also the 1948 London Motor Show display model, and had been driven by Prince Bira in the 1949 Silverstone Production Car Race. When tested, it had the 8:1 compression ratio, was fitted with an aerodynamic undertray, and ran with hood and sidescreens in place. The magazine reported a top speed of , acceleration from 0– in 10.0 seconds and fuel consumption of . The car as tested cost £1263 including taxes.
The XK120 M for US market accelerated from 0– in 8.7 seconds, a top speed was by speedometer, but actual top speed was about .
Racing and rallying
XK120s were active in racing and rallying:
1949
First race victory: In the Daily Express-sponsored One-Hour Production Car Race held on 30 August 1949 at Silverstone Circuit, England, Leslie Johnson drove the Jabbeke car to the XK120's first-ever race victory (despite an early collision with a spinning Jowett Javelin which dropped the Jaguar to fifth). The car, road-registered HKV 500, was converted to right-hand drive for Silverstone. Two other XK120s took part. One, driven by Peter Walker, finished second and the other, driven by Prince Bira, spun out of contention when a tyre punctured.
1950
First victory in America: In January 1950 Johnson also scored the model's first competition success in America, winning the production class in a race at Palm Beach Shores, Florida with the car that had finished second at Silverstone. The Jaguar lost its brakes but finished fourth overall. John Lea, Jaguar's Experimental Department mechanic who attended the race, reported: "The conditions at Palm Beach were wet, windy and sandy. Water and sand gained entry into the brake drums at the front, and the mixture had the effect of accelerating the wear very considerably. Our car finished with no linings and with the steel shoes bearing on the brake drums."
Pebble Beach Cup: In May, XK120s driven by Phil Hill and Don Parkinson finished first and second in this event at the inaugural Pebble Beach Road Races in 1950.
In 1950 Jaguar allocated six alloy-bodied XK120s to drivers Leslie Johnson, Peter Walker, Nick Haines, Clemente Biondetti, Ian Appleyard and Tommy Wisdom.
Le Mans: Three of the allocated cars, extensively modified, entered the 1950 Le Mans 24 Hours race. Johnson, who spearheaded this factory-supported assault on the race with co-driver Bert Hadley, never ran lower than seventh place, and held second for two hours, but in the 21st hour had to retire from third place with clutch failure caused by using the gears to slow the car in the absence of brakes. (As a result, the clutch was revised to a more robust design for production models.) The Jaguar had been closing the gap to leader Louis Rosier, whose Talbot's pace was significantly slower, at a rate that would have secured victory. Haines, with co-driver Peter Clark, finished 12th, and Walker's car, driven by Peter Whitehead and John Marshall, was 15th. The results convinced William Lyons and Chief Engineer William Heynes that it was worth investing in future success at Le Mans.
Targa Florio: Biondetti's car, the first XK120 to contest the Targa Florio, lay second to Alberto Ascari's Ferrari when a connecting rod broke, ending the Jaguar's run.
Mille Miglia: Johnson took fifth place in the Mille Miglia, with John Lea as his riding mechanic, while Biondetti and co-driver Gino Bronzoni finished eighth. Fifth was an outstanding achievement for a production car, with Johnson's Jaguar beaten only by Fangio's works Alfa Romeo and the works Ferraris of Serafini, Bracco and winner Marzotto. It was Jaguar's best-ever finish in the Mille Miglia; also the best by a British car and driver combination, a feat that only Reg Parnell ever equalled, driving an Aston Martin DB3 in 1953.
Silverstone Production Car Race: Five XK120s entered the race, which Peter Walker won from Tony Rolt, with Johnson recovering to eighth after spinning on oil. Jaguar won the team prize.
Tourist Trophy: XK120s also achieved a 1–2–3 victory in the TT, held at Dundrod in heavy rain. On the eve of his 21st birthday Stirling Moss drove Tom Wisdom's car to a brilliant win ahead of Whitehead and Johnson, and Jaguar once again took the team prize.
Alpine Rally: Ian Appleyard's XK120, road-registered as NUB 120, won the Alpine Rally with his wife Pat, who was the daughter of Sir William Lyons, navigating. They also won a coveted Coupe des Alpes.
1951
Alpine Rally: NUB 120 and the Appleyards repeated their previous year's success.
Tulip Rally: The Appleyards took first place in the Tulip Rally, with Swiss fighter pilot Rolf Habisreutinger's XK120 finishing second.
1952
Alpine Rally: Although the Appleyards' XK120 did not win its third Alpine, it completed the rally without incurring a single penalty point, winning the first-ever Coupe d'Or (Gold Cup).
1954
Mount Druitt 24 Hours Road Race: On 1 February 1954, an XK120 FHC driven by Geordie Anderson, Chas Swinburne and Bill Pitt won Australia's first 24-hour motor race, the 1954 Mount Druitt 24 Hours Road Race from a Bristol 400 and a Humber Super Snipe.
NASCAR road race: In America, an XK120 FHC was the first imported car to achieve victory in NASCAR, when Al Keller won the first Grand National road race, held at Linden Airport, New Jersey, on 13 June 1954. Foreign made cars were banned from this series after this race.
High-speed runs and records
1949
through the flying mile: in May, Jaguar demonstrated an XK120 to the press on the high-speed autoroute between Jabbeke and Aalter in Belgium. The road was closed for the occasion. The white left-hand drive car, chassis number 670002, was the second XK120 built. Jaguar's development engineer Walter Hassan was to have driven but fell ill, so Jaguar test-driver Ron "Soapy" Sutton substituted. With hood and sidescreens erected, and the airflow under the car improved by the addition of a full-length aluminium undertray, the Jaguar was timed through the flying mile by the Royal Automobile Club of Belgium at . With hood, sidescreens and windscreen removed, a metal airflow deflector fitted in front of the driver, and a tonneau cover fastened over the passenger side of the cockpit the speed improved to . The Observer's Book of Automobiles said it was the fastest production car in the world. The Special Equipment 'S' series cars made in 1948-1949 had better compression ratios and were capable of top speeds of 128 mph.
1950
for 24 hours (including stops for fuel and tyres): Leslie Johnson sharing his XK120 JWK 651 with Stirling Moss at the Autodrome de Montlhéry, a steeply banked oval track near Paris. The first time a production car had averaged over for 24 hours. Changing drivers every three hours, the Jaguar covered 2579.16 miles, with a best lap of .
1951
for one hour: Johnson solo in JWK 651 at Montlhéry. "No mean feat...driving at almost twice today's maximum (UK) speed limit into a steep turn, assaulted by the G-Force induced by 30 degree banking twice every minute, using Forties technology, leaf spring" (rear) "suspension and narrow cross ply tyres...Johnson remarked that the car felt so good it could have gone on for another week, an off-the-cuff comment that sowed the seed for another idea. Flat out for a week..."
1952
for 7 days and 7 nights, again at Montlhéry: XK120 fixed-head coupé driven by Johnson, Moss, Hadley and Jack Fairman. William Lyons, mindful of the considerable kudos and advertising mileage that had already accrued from Johnson's exploits, commandeered a brand new XK120 FHC for him: bronze-colored, and fitted with wire wheels, it was Jaguar chief engineer William Heynes personal car, the second right-hand drive coupé made. The car broke a spring on the track's rough concrete surface when already well into the run. No spare was carried, and regulations stipulated that a replacement from outside would make the car ineligible for any further records beyond those already achieved before the repair. Johnson drove nine hours to save the other drivers from added risk while the speed had to be maintained on the broken spring. When he finally stopped to have it replaced, the car had taken the world and Class C 72-hour records at , world and Class C four-day records at , Class C 10,000-kilometer record at , world and Class C 15,000-kilometer records at , and world and Class C records at . After the repair the car went on to complete the full seven days and nights, covering a total of at an average speed of .
1953
172.412 mph (277.470 km/h) through the flying mile, again at Jabbeke's closed-off highway. On 21 October 1953 Jaguar test driver Norman Dewis drove a modified XK120 to a two-way average flying mile 172.412 mph. The car had several aerodynamic modifications, including a distinctive bubble-shaped, air-tight canopy from a glider aircraft. After the record run the Jaguar XK120 was converted back to a road car and sold by the company. Today the car is back to Jabbeke configuration and part of an important classic car collection. Shown at events like Pebble Beach, Villa d'Este or Salon Privé.
Production
XK100 development
A 2-litre four-cylinder version of the twin cam XK engine was to have powered an XK100 variant of the XK120 for the UK market. Details of the model were included in an "Advance Particulars" brochure for the XK but Jaguar's managers were dissatisfied with the engine and the project was cancelled prior to production.
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
Road Test published 16 November 1949, The Motor
Jaguar XK120 brochures
XKData.com volunteer maintained online registry with thousands of cars and over 10,000 photos
XK120
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Roadsters
Coupés
Convertibles
1950s cars
Cars introduced in 1948
24 Hours of Le Mans race cars
Rally cars
Cars discontinued in 1954 |
15040434 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gmina%20Miastkowo | Gmina Miastkowo |
Gmina Miastkowo is a rural gmina (administrative district) in Łomża County, Podlaskie Voivodeship, in north-eastern Poland. Its seat is the village of Miastkowo, which lies approximately west of Łomża and west of the regional capital Białystok.
The gmina covers an area of , and as of 2006 its total population is 4,306 (4,350 in 2011).
Villages
Gmina Miastkowo contains the villages and settlements of Bartkowizna, Cendrowizna, Czartoria, Drogoszewo, Gałkówka, Kaliszki, Kolonia Nowogrodzka, Korytki Leśne, Kraska, Kuleszka, Leopoldowo, Łubia, Łuby-Kiertany, Łuby-Kurki, Miastkowo, Naruszczki, Nowosiedliny, Orło, Osetno, Podosie, Rybaki, Rydzewo, Rydzewo-Gozdy, Sosnowiec, Sulki, Tarnowo and Zaruzie.
Neighbouring gminas
Gmina Miastkowo is bordered by the gminas of Lelis, Łomża, Nowogród, Rzekuń, Śniadowo, Troszyn and Zbójna.
References
Polish official population figures 2006
Miastkowo
Łomża County |
21047452 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars%20Haglund | Lars Haglund | Lars Gösta Haglund (born 22 May 1940) is a retired Swedish discus thrower who competed at the 1964 Summer Olympics. In 1965 he won the discus throw at the Summer Universiade and British AAA Athletics Championships. Haglund was the Swedish champion in the discus in 1962–66 and held multiple national records in this event.
References
1940 births
Living people
Swedish male discus throwers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1964 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Sweden
Athletes from Stockholm
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Sweden
Medalists at the 1965 Summer Universiade
Westermalms IF athletes
SoIK Hellas athletes
Spårvägens FK athletes |
36142410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joculator%20variabilis | Joculator variabilis | Joculator variabilis is a species of minute sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusc in the family Cerithiopsidae.
The species was described by Cecalupo and Perugia in 2012.
Distribution
This marine species occurs off Papua New Guinea
.
References
Cecalupo A. & Perugia I. (2012) Family Cerithiopsidae H. Adams & A. Adams, 1853 in the central Philippines (Caenogastropoda: Triphoroidea). Quaderni della Civica Stazione Idrobiologica di Milano 30: 1-262.
Cecalupo A. & Perugia I. (2017). Cerithiopsidae and Newtoniellidae (Gastropoda: Triphoroidea) from New Caledonia, western Pacific. Visaya. suppl. 7: 1-175
Cecalupo A. & Perugia I. (2018). New species of Cerithiopsidae (Gastropoda: Triphoroidea) from Papua New Guinea (Pacific Ocean). Visaya. suppl. 11: 1-187
Gastropods described in 2012
variabilis |
2340249 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baranya%20County%20%28former%29 | Baranya County (former) | Baranya (, , / Baranja, ) was an administrative county (comitatus) of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is now divided between present-day Baranya County of Hungary and Osijek-Baranja County of Croatia. The capital of the county was Pécs.
Geography
Baranya county was located in Baranya region. It shared borders with the Hungarian counties Somogy, Tolna, Bács-Bodrog and Verőce (the latter county was part of Croatia-Slavonia). The county stretched along the rivers Drava (north bank) and Danube (west bank), up to their confluence. Its area was 5,176 km2 around 1910.
Historical background
Baranya county arose as one of the first counties of the Kingdom of Hungary, in the 11th century. Stephen I of Hungary founded an episcopal seat here. In the 15th century, Janus Pannonius was the Bishop of Pécs. In the 16th century, the Ottoman Empire conquered Baranya, and included it into the sanjak of Mohács, an Ottoman administrative unit, with the seat Turks in Hungary in the city of Mohács.
History
At the end of the 17th century, Baranya was captured by the Habsburg monarchy, and was included in the Habsburg Kingdom of Hungary after the Battle of Mohács (1687).
Under the Habsburg Rule, German settlers were taken from different parts of Germany, the so-called Danube Swabians.
The Stifolder or Stiffoller Shvove are a Roman Catholic subgroup of the so-called Danube Swabians. Their ancestors once came ca. 1717–1804 from the Hochstift Fulda and surroundings, (Roman Catholic Diocese of Fulda), and settled in the Baranya. They held their own German dialect and culture until the end of WW II; after the war, the majority of Danube Swabians were expelled to Allied-occupied Germany and Allied-occupied Austria subsequent to the Potsdam Agreement.
Only a few people can speak the old Stiffolerisch Schvovish dialect. Also a salami is named after these people.
In 1918, the entire Baranya was captured by Serbian troops and was administered by the newly created Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, but as a Republic, see: Baranya-Baja Republic.
By the Treaty of Trianon of 1920, the territory of the county was divided between the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (renamed to Yugoslavia in 1929) and Hungary. The south-east of the county was assigned to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, while the remainder was assigned to Hungary.
The former Yugoslav part of the pre-1920 county was occupied and annexed by Hungary during World War II and the pre-1920 borders of Baranya county were restored in 1941. The post-1920 borders were restored again after World War II and the territory of the county reduced again.
Until the end of World War II, the Inhabitants was all Catholic Danube Swabians, also called locally as Stifolder, because the majority of there Ancestors once came at the 17th century and 18th century from Fulda (district). Mostly of the former German Settlers was expelled to Allied-occupied Germany and Allied-occupied Austria in 1945–1948, about the Potsdam Agreement.
Anyway a big Germans of Hungary Minority live in Baranya today.
Since 1991, when Croatia became independent from Yugoslavia, the Yugoslav part of pre-1920 Baranya county is part of Croatia. Between 1991 and 1995 it was under occupation of rebel Croatian Serbs, while from 1995 through 1998 the United Nations administered that area (United Nations Transitional Administration for Eastern Slavonia, Baranja and Western Sirmium) as a transitional body. In modern times there is a Magyar and Serb minority in Croatian Baranja and a Croatian minority in Hungarian Baranya. Roma minority is present in both parts, as well as Germans (mostly until 1945). Today, the present Hungarian county of Baranya also include some lands in the west that were not part of the historic Baranya county (after World War II most of the district of Szigetvár – previously part of Somogy county – and some other localities was transferred to Baranya county).
Demographics
In 1900, the county had a population of 334,764 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities:
Total:
Hungarian: 183,042 (54.7%)
German: 111,051 (33.2%)
Croatian: 15,431 (4.6%)
Serbian: 12,856 (3.8%)
Slovak: 482 (0.1%)
Romanian: 47 (0.0%)
Ruthenian: 10 (0.0%)
Pecheneg: 11,845 (3.6%)
According to the census of 1900, the county was composed of the following religious communities:
Total:
Roman Catholic (term): 253,686 (75.8%)
Calvinist: 43,014 (12.9%)
Lutheran: 14,252 (4.3%)
Greek Orthodox: 13,520 (4.0%)
Jewish: 9,260 (2.8%)
Greek Catholic: 201 (0.0%)
Unitarian: 105 (0.0%)
Muslims: 726 (0.2%)
In 1910, the county had a population of 352,478 people and was composed of the following linguistic communities:
Hungarian: 199,659 (56.6%)
German: 112,297 (31.9%)
Serbian: 13,048 (3.7%)
Croatian: 10,159 (2,9)
Slovak: 392 (0.1%)
Romanian: 54 (0.0%)
Ruthenian: 5 (0.0%)
Pecheneg: 16,864 (4.8%)
According to the census of 1910, the county was composed of the following religious communities:
Roman Catholic: 272,866 (77.4%)
Calvinist: 41,201 (11.7%)
Lutheran: 14,617 (4.2%)
Greek Orthodox: 14,114 (4,0)
Jewish: 8,828 (2.5%)
Greek Catholic: 239 (0.0%)
Unitarian: 89 (0.0%)
Muslims: 524 (0.2%)
Subdivisions
In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Baranya county were:
References
States and territories established in 1699
States and territories disestablished in 1541
States and territories disestablished in 1920
States and territories disestablished in 1946
Counties in the Kingdom of Hungary
Geographic history of Croatia
History of Baranya (region)
ru:Баранья |
23421670 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20de%20Senlis | Adam de Senlis | Adam de Senlis (died 1191), also called Adam of Evesham, was a Benedictine monk who became abbot of Evesham Abbey.
Adam de Senlis was a monk of Notre Dame de la Charité-sur-Loire, Nièvre, afterwards joined to Cluny, and became prior of Bermondsey Abbey in 1157, and for that monastery he obtained important privileges in 1160 from Henry II. In 1161 he was made Abbot of Evesham Abbey, where he completed the cloister, finished St. Egwine's shrine, glazed many of the windows, and made an aqueduct. He obtained the right to use episcopal ornaments in 1163, Evesham being the first abbey which obtained the use of the mitre for its abbot. In 1162 he was one of the papal commissioners for delivering the pall to Archbishop Thomas. He died 12 November 1191.
According to John Leland, he was the author of:
Exhortatio ad Sacras Virgines Godestovensis Cœnobii
De miraculo Eucharistiæ ad Rainaldum
Epistolæ
Notes
References
Year of birth unknown
1191 deaths
Abbots of Evesham
Benedictine abbots |
68518753 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20McNea | Bob McNea | Robert J. McNea (1929 – November 5, 2005) was a Canadian entertainer. He was known for three clown characters he portrayed on television, including Moppets the Clown (1950-1959), Bozo the Clown (1959-1966), and Oopsy the Clown (1967-1983). He died in 2005 in Kitchener, Ontario.
References
1929 births
2005 deaths
American clowns
Bozo the Clown |
17860391 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason%20Chaffetz | Jason Chaffetz | Jason E. Chaffetz (; born March 26, 1967) is an American retired politician who served as the U.S. representative for from 2009 until his resignation in 2017. He chaired the Committee on Oversight and Government Reform from 2015 until 2017.
Chaffetz came to prominence in 2015 for his extensive investigations into Hillary Clinton. He rescinded his endorsement of Donald Trump in early October 2016 but expressed his intent to vote for him three weeks later. Having investigated Clinton and the Obama administration extensively, Chaffetz drew criticism after the 2016 election for declining to investigate potential conflicts of interest relating to President Donald Trump, and that of other individuals involved in his 2016 presidential campaign and subsequent presidential administration.
He resigned from office in 2017, six months into his fifth Congressional term, and has since been a commentator, Fox News contributor, and author. In 2021 Chaffetz joined the Government Accountability Institute.
Early life and education
Chaffetz was born in Los Gatos, California, and raised in California, Arizona, and Colorado. His father, John A. Chaffetz (1935–2012), was a businessman, and his mother, Margaret "Peggy" A. Wood (1942–1995), was a Christian Scientist who later became a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and ran a photography business. In the late 1970s, his father became involved with the ownership group of the Los Angeles Aztecs, a professional soccer team. His father later wrote Gay Reality: The Team Guido Story, a book about a gay couple who competed on The Amazing Race. His younger brother, Alex, runs a Colorado-based media consulting firm.
Chaffetz's father was Jewish, and his paternal grandfather Maxwell (Max) Chaffetz (1909–1986), the son of immigrants from Russia, was an FBI Special Agent. Max Chaffetz was the brother of Hammond E. Chaffetz, who pioneered federal antitrust prosecution policies later upheld by the U.S. Supreme Court in United States v. Socony-Vacuum Oil Co., before building Kirkland & Ellis into one of the most powerful law firms in the United States, as well as the second cousin of Washington, D.C. real estate developer and philanthropist Morris Cafritz.
Chaffetz's father's first wife was Kitty Dukakis (née Dickson), who later married Michael Dukakis, future Massachusetts Governor and 1988 Democratic presidential nominee. The relationship between Chaffetz's father and Kitty Dukakis lasted four years and produced Chaffetz's elder half-brother John Dukakis (born John A. Chaffetz), who was later adopted by Michael and Kitty Dukakis. While in college, Chaffetz worked as a Utah co-chairman of Michael Dukakis' 1988 presidential campaign. As reported in 2009, Chaffetz remains close to his half-brother and the Dukakis family.
Chaffetz attended high school in California as well as Middle Park High School in Granby, Colorado, followed by Brigham Young University on an athletic scholarship, and was the starting placekicker on the Brigham Young University football team in 1988 and 1989. Over two seasons, Chaffetz converted 16 of 25 field goal attempts (64 percent) and 89 of 94 point-after attempts (95 percent). As of 2011, he still held the school's individual records for most extra points attempted in a game, most extra points made in a game, and most consecutive extra points made in a game. Chaffetz graduated from the BYU College of Fine Arts and Communications in 1989, with a B.A. in communications.
Raised Jewish, Chaffetz joined the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints during his college years. In 1989, he met his future wife Julie Johnson at a wedding in Arizona when he was a senior and Julie was a junior at Brigham Young University. They married in February 1991. After college, Chaffetz worked for about a decade in public relations for a multi-level marketing company, Nu Skin International.
Early political career
Chaffetz became a Republican after meeting Ronald Reagan in 1990, when Reagan visited Chaffetz's employer, Nu Skin, as a motivational speaker. However, his political views had been drifting more to the right even while working for Dukakis. In 2003, Chaffetz applied to be an agent in the United States Secret Service but was not accepted because "better qualified applicants existed". In 2015, the Secret Service Inspector General found that agents illegally accessed Chaffetz's personnel file that included that information after Chaffetz began heading investigations into the Secret Service.
In 2004, Chaffetz was the campaign manager for Utah gubernatorial candidate Jon Huntsman. Huntsman won the race, and when he took office in January 2005, Chaffetz became Huntsman's chief of staff. In 2005, Chaffetz started Maxtera Utah Inc., a corporate communications and marketing company. In 2006, Chaffetz was appointed by Huntsman as a trustee for Utah Valley State College. Chaffetz has also served as a member of the Highland City planning commission and as chairman for the Utah National Guard adjutant general review.
U.S. House of Representatives
Elections
2008
On January 1, 2007, before the 110th Congress was sworn in, Jason Chaffetz announced that he was "testing the waters" for a Congressional run against six-term incumbent Chris Cannon, for the Republican nomination in the 3rd District. Nine months later, on October 1, 2007, Chaffetz formally entered the race for the Republican nomination. That same day, David Leavitt issued a press release announcing his campaign had raised $100,000 to challenge Cannon. Leavitt, brother to popular three-term Utah governor and Bush Administration cabinet member Mike Leavitt, more than doubled Chaffetz in fundraising for that quarter. A March 2008 Deseret News/KSL TV poll by Dan Jones & Associates released two days before the party caucuses showed Chaffetz with 4% support.
After the nearly 1200 3rd District delegates to the state Republican convention were elected on March 25, 2008, Chaffetz sent a mailer announcing that he would run a different kind of campaign. He would have no paid staff, no campaign office, no free meals for delegates, no campaign debt and no polling. He committed to spend between $70 and $80 per delegate, telling voters, "How you run your campaign is indicative of how you're going to be in office."
Although Cannon was one of the most conservative members of the House, Chaffetz ran to his right. He said that Cannon "has failed us for not instituting conservative principles", consistently calling for a return to the core conservative principles of fiscal discipline, limited government, accountability and a strong national defense. He campaigned on stronger measures to fix legal immigration and remove the incentives for illegal immigration, an issue he continued to press throughout the campaign. The week before the convention, David Leavitt told The Salt Lake Tribune, "if Jason Chaffetz beats me [at the convention], Chris Cannon will be the congressman. Jason Chaffetz has no resources, no organization."
At the May 10, 2008 state convention, Chaffetz won 59% of the 3rd District's delegates to Cannon's 41%. He came a few hundred votes short of ending Cannon's career; had he tallied 60% of the delegates, he would have won the nomination without a primary. Leavitt finished a distant third, and immediately endorsed Cannon. Primary polls had shown a close race: a May 2008 poll showed Cannon leading Chaffetz 39% to 37% among likely voters, and June 2008 poll showed likely voters favoring Cannon by 44% to 40%. On June 24, 2008, Chaffetz defeated Cannon by a vote of 60% to 40%. It was considered an upset victory as Cannon was endorsed by George W. Bush, the state's two U.S. Senators Orrin Hatch and Bob Bennett, and nearly all of the state Republican establishment. Cannon also outspent Chaffetz by 6 to 1. Cannon's primary defeat spurred worry among Republican incumbents.
Chaffetz faced Democrat Bennion Spencer in the 2008 general election, along with Jim Noorlander of the Constitution Party. Chaffetz's firm position against asking for earmarks created some controversy during the general election campaign. Chaffetz said, "Until there's reform, I will not ask for them. They're a cancer within the system and I want to extract them." Ultimately, Chaffetz won election with 66% of the vote. However, he had effectively clinched a seat in Congress when he won the Republican nomination. The 3rd is one of the most Republican districts in the nation; in 2008 it had a Cook Partisan Voting Index of R+26.
Chaffetz announced at the start of the congressional term, in 2009, that he would be sleeping on a cot in his office, rather than renting a Washington, D.C., apartment. Chaffetz said, "I'm trying to live the example that it doesn't take big dollars in order to get where we want to go. I can save my family $1,500 a month by sleeping on a cot in my office as opposed to getting a fancy place that's maybe a little bit more comfortable." His family will continue to live in Alpine. "We are now $10 trillion in debt. $10 trillion. Those are expenses that have to be paid at some point", he said. If he can tighten his belt in these tough economic times, Chaffetz said, Congress should be able to as well. Chaffetz appeared on the "Better Know A District" segment of The Colbert Report on January 6, 2009, where he was defeated by Stephen Colbert in leg wrestling.
2010
Chaffetz won reelection to a second term, gaining 72% of the vote and defeating Democratic nominee Karen Hyer. The Salt Lake Tribune endorsed him in the race, writing "U.S. Rep. Jason Chaffetz, R-Utah, has delivered as advertised for Utah's 3rd District."
2012
In early 2012 Chaffetz worked as a representative of the Mitt Romney presidential campaign during primary season, shadowing the campaign of rival Republican candidate Newt Gingrich to offer rebuttals to reporters following Gingrich speeches. He refused to endorse Haitian-American candidate Mia Love, who ran against incumbent 2nd District congressman Jim Matheson, for the newly created 4th District seat. Nationally, Love had received campaign support from 2012 Republican presidential nominee Mitt Romney, House Budget Committee Chairman and 2012 Republican vice presidential nominee Paul Ryan, Speaker of the House John Boehner, and House Majority Leader Eric Cantor.
In his own 2012 election, Chaffetz won election to a third term, gaining 76% of the vote and defeating Democratic nominee Soren Simonsen, an architect and chairman of the Salt Lake City Council. The campaign was a "low-key" race in which Chaffetz was heavily favored.
2014
In the 2014 election, Chaffetz won election to a fourth term in a race in which he was again heavily favored. He received about 72% of the vote, defeating Democratic nominee, Brian Wonnacott.
2016
In the 2016 election, Chaffetz won a fifth term, defeating Democratic nominee Stephen Tryon, a former Overstock.com executive, with about 74% of the vote.
Committee assignments
Committee on the Judiciary
Subcommittee on Intellectual Property, Competition, and the Internet
Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, and Homeland Security
Committee on Oversight and Government Reform (chairman)
Subcommittee on Federal Workforce, U.S. Postal Service and Labor Policy
Subcommittee on National Security, Homeland Defense and Foreign Operations (chairman)
Subcommittee on Technology, Information Policy, Intergovernmental Relations and Procurement Reform
Caucus memberships
House Baltic Caucus
Congressional Arts Caucus
Congressional Constitution Caucus
Chairmanship, House Oversight & Government Reform Committee, 2014–2017
In November 2014, Chaffetz won a four-way race to become the chairman of the United States House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform. He was only the fifth Member of Congress in 89 years to become a full chairman after just three terms. He ran on a promise to emphasize reform, telling Politico that "the pitch I made to the steering committee is we really have to triangulate the problem if we're actually going to get to reform. In order to fix the problem long term, we can't just be the highlighter pen. We do a good job highlighting things, but we don't do a great job of fixing things."
Town hall protests in February 2017
Chaffetz faced protests and jeering at a town hall meeting in February 2017. Attendees questioned Chaffetz about his political positions and whether he would hold President Trump to account. Chaffetz later accused the crowd of being paid protesters, and said that he may now avoid providing a venue "for these radicals to further intimidate." Chaffetz's unsubstantiated claim attracted scorn and anger from the town-hall attendees, some of whom sent mocking "invoices" to Chaffetz.
2017 Resignation
On April 19, 2017, Chaffetz abruptly announced that he would neither seek reelection to the United States House of Representatives nor run for any other elected office in 2018. At the time, he also implied that he might not finish out the current term. He took a three-week leave of absence from Congress to recuperate from foot surgery. Chaffetz announced his retirement from the House on May 18 effective June 30, six months into the two-year term. His resignation triggered the first Congressional special election in Utah in 87 years, which was won by Provo mayor John Curtis.
Government accountability institute
In 2021 he joined the Government Accountability Institute, a conservative think tank, as a distinguished fellow. The group was founded by Peter Schweizer and former Trump chief strategist Steve Bannon. The group claims to expose corruption, misuse of taxpayer funds, and crony capitalism within the Democratic Party.
Post-congressional career
After leaving office Chaffetz became a commentator and author. On July 1, 2017, the day following his official resignation from Congress, Chaffetz became a contributor to Fox News. He was a 2017 visiting fellow at the Harvard Institute of Politics (IOP)
He is the author of several books published since leaving office. His first book, The Deep State: How an Army of Bureaucrats Protected Barack Obama and Is Working to Destroy the Trump Agenda was published in September, 2018 and became a New York Times bestseller. The following September he released Power Grab: The Liberal Scheme to Undermine Trump, the GOP, and Our Republic. 2021 saw the release of Chaffetz's third book, They Never Let a Crisis Go to Waste: The Truth About Disaster Liberalism, which commentator Jeffrey Lord called a "seriously important book", as well as a podcast, Jason in the House.
Political positions
Affordable Care Act
Chaffetz has repeatedly voted in favor of repealing the Affordable Care Act. In March 2017 Chaffetz drew criticism for and later walked back on a statement comparing the cost of healthcare coverage to the cost of purchasing an iPhone. In an interview with CNN he said, "So rather than getting that new iPhone that they just love and want to go spend hundreds of dollars on that, maybe they should invest in their own health care."
Budget and taxation
Chaffetz described Obama's attempts to introduce an inheritance tax on value over $5 million as "one of the most immoral things you can do".
District of Columbia legislation
Marijuana
In February 2015, Chaffetz threatened Washington, D.C. mayor Muriel Bowser with possible jail time if she implemented Initiative 71. The ballot initiative would legalize small amounts of cannabis in the district and was approved by about 64.87 percent of the voters in 2014. In a letter, Chaffetz asserted that D.C. officials who implemented the initiative would violate the Antideficiency Act (an 1884 act that bars government agencies from spending funds that have not been appropriated by Congress) because Congress had passed a Republican-supported appropriations rider providing that "none of the funds contained in this act may be used to enact any law, rule or regulation" to legalize or lessen the criminal penalty "for any Schedule I drug, including marijuana." Chaffetz's statement was rejected by Mayor Bowser, D.C. Attorney General Karl Racine, and D.C. police chief Cathy Lanier, who stated that I-71 was the law and implemented it as scheduled.
Other interference
In 2017, Chaffetz stated that he planned to seek a congressional vote to overturn D.C. legislation allowing terminally ill individuals to end their life. Local organizations decried Chaffetz's move, and District political leaders considered it an attack on the principle of District of Columbia home rule. Chaffetz also led the charge in an unsuccessful attempt to overturn the District of Columbia's legalization of same-sex marriage in 2009.
Energy and environment
Chaffetz has expressed his support for "an all-of-the-above energy strategy".
Chaffetz rejects the scientific consensus on climate change. In his 2008 stump speech, Chaffetz claimed global warming was a "farce." He has voted in favor of legislation that would bar the Environmental Protection Agency from regulating greenhouse gases.
Chaffetz advocates for the sale of millions of acres of publicly owned land to the highest bidder. In January 2017 Chaffetz introduced a bill, the Disposal of Excess Federal Lands Act (H.R. 621), which would have transferred 3.3 million acres of public land in ten Western states from the federal Bureau of Land Management to state ownership. Chaffetz said that the land served "no purpose for taxpayers." On February 1, following a backlash, Chaffetz announced via Instagram that he was withdrawing the resolution.
Chaffetz has opposed federal protection for Utah's resident greater-sage grouse, a bird whose population has shrunk from 16 million 100 years ago to about 200,000 today. In 2007, a court ruled that political tampering by Julie A. MacDonald, then-deputy assistant secretary for the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, had "tainted" the bird's assessment, and a new review was ordered. In March 2010, U.S. interior secretary Ken Salazar assigned the bird "warranted but precluded" status, paving the way for its future protection.
Chaffetz scored 0% in 2015, and 3% lifetime, on the National Environmental Scorecard of the League of Conservation Voters.
Foreign and defense policy
Afghanistan
Chaffetz criticized the surge of 30,000 troops President Obama authorized for the war in Afghanistan, saying that the United States does not have a clear policy or exit strategy.
Benghazi attack
Chaffetz has been vocal against the White House and State Department's handling of the September 11, 2012 attacks on the US Consulate compound in Benghazi. The Administration first stated the attacks were sparked by a spontaneous protest, then later stated the violence was a planned terrorist attack.
He criticized United States Ambassador to the United Nations Susan Rice's initial comments calling them "somewhere between an outrageous lie and total falsehood."
Chaffetz has been criticized for politicizing the Benghazi incident, acknowledging in an interview with CNN anchor Soledad O'Brien that he had "voted to cut the funding for embassy security" and that House Republicans had consciously voted to reduce the funds allocated to the State Department for embassy security since winning the majority in 2010. "Absolutely," he said. "Look, we have to make priorities and choices in this country."
Homeland security
In December 2009, Chaffetz championed legislation to limit the use of full-body imaging scanners at airports unless a metal detector first indicated a need for more screening. The images have come under intense scrutiny from privacy groups for allegedly letting security administrators view images of undressed passengers.
Chaffetz and Transportation Security Administration (TSA) have had a rocky relationship since he joined Congress. In his freshman year, in what critics have described as political grandstanding, he accused TSA agents at his hometown airport in Salt Lake City of unfairly targeting him to pass through a full-body scanning machine—a device Chaffetz believes is invasive. The Republican lawmaker said he believed he was targeted partially for his opposition to granting TSA screeners collective bargaining rights. A FOIA request by the Deseret News for video of the incident showed it to be a "tame and rather civilized exchange between the two." TSA's November 2009 report following their internal investigation primarily supported the Chaffetz version of the story. The union representing some of the officers said at the time that agents followed proper procedure and that an officer who had recently returned from military service in Iraq had not even recognized Chaffetz.
In 2014 and 2015, Chaffetz headed congressional hearings into United States Secret Service security failures in response to incidents at the time including a White House fence jumper, a CDC security guard being armed while riding an elevator with President Barack Obama, and agents crashing a car into a White House barricade. In a hearing on March 24, 2015, Chaffetz accused Joseph Clancy, then-director of the Secret Service, of "keeping Congress and the American public in the dark" by not allowing witnesses to testify regarding the car crash.
In June 2015, James Comey announced that the United States Office of Personnel Management (OPM) had been the target of a data breach targeting the records of more than 18 million Americans. The OPM director Katherine Archuleta faced criticism at a hearing of the House Committee on Oversight and Government Reform in the wake of the revelation of the Office of Personnel Management data breach. Republican Committee chairman Jason Chaffetz said to her, "your systems were vulnerable, the data was not encrypted, it could be compromised, they were right!" and asked her why she ignored a recommendation to shut the system down in light of its vulnerability.
Regarding Jakelin Caal Maquin, a seven-year-old girl who died in the custody of US Border Patrol on December 8, 2018, Chaffetz said on Fox News: "That should be the message, don't make this journey, it will kill you."
Nuclear waste
In November 2009, Chaffetz co-sponsored a bill in the House with Rep. Jim Matheson to block the importation of foreign nuclear waste into the United States, putting him directly at odds with Rep. Rob Bishop and Utah senators Bennett and Hatch, who had historically supported importing foreign nuclear waste into Utah with restrictions.
Chinese espionage
Beginning with his time as a Dublin, California city councilor, Eric Swalwell was targeted by a Chinese woman believed to be a clandestine officer of China's Ministry of State Security. Swalwell's general relationship with a suspected Chinese agent, Christine Fang, has been characterized as problematic, particularly given the high-profile role that he occupied – a member of the House Intelligence Committee – within the intelligence community. Chaffetz said that Nancy Pelosi "is the person that appoints people to that select committee. Why did they have to have him in that committee when they know that he has potentially been compromised? Rep. Swalwell has not denied the fact that this actually did happen."
LGBT issues
Chaffetz opposes same-sex marriage. After the District of Columbia legalized same-sex marriage in 2009, Chaffetz led the charge in attempts to overturn the decision taken by mayor of DC.
On the one-month anniversary of the 2016 Orlando nightclub shooting, Chaffetz chaired committee hearings on the First Amendment Defense Act, which would prevent the government from taking discriminatory action against people from taxpayer-funded entities and would protect tax exemption status of parochial organizations if they refused service to LGBT individuals on the basis of their religious beliefs. The American Civil Liberties Union, the Human Rights Campaign, the NAACP and Planned Parenthood Federation of America were among those who criticized him for it.
National Public Radio
Chaffetz has voted in favor of eliminating federal funding for National Public Radio (NPR).
Net neutrality
Chaffetz opposes net neutrality, the principle that Internet service providers should not be allowed to discriminate or charge differentially by user, content, website or platform. In March 2015, he held hearings as to whether the Obama administration had secretly influenced the Federal Communications Commission when it adopted rules to ensure net neutrality.
Planned Parenthood hearings
In a September 2015 hearing, Chaffetz questioned Planned Parenthood's president Cecile Richards on her salary, and displayed a chart that he claimed was taken from Planned Parenthood's annual report that showed Planned Parenthood-provided abortions going up while cancer screenings and preventative care going down. In fact, the chart was actually taken from a Web post by an anti-abortion group, Americans United for Life, and was presented in a misleading way, using questionable "dual-axis" charting. Experts in data presentation said this was an egregious example of using a chart to mislead; Alberto Cairo of the University of Miami, an expert in visual communication, said it was a "damn lie," and Andrew Gelman, professor of statistics and political science, and director of the Applied Statistics Center at Columbia University, described the graph as a "truly immoral bit of graphical manipulation."
President Obama
In January 2010, Chaffetz was called upon to question Barack Obama when the president spoke to the House Republican Conference retreat in Baltimore. Chaffetz applauded Obama for some of the promises made during the campaign, but asked why promises to broadcast healthcare debates on C-SPAN, keep lobbyists out of senior positions, go line-by-line through the health care bill and end earmarks had not been kept. Video of the Q&A session received extensive media coverage.
Upon hearing that Obama had won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009, Chaffetz said he had "lost all respect for the award" and that "it used to be one of distinction, but [now] it is hard to give it any credibility."
President Trump
2016 presidential election
Following the Donald Trump Access Hollywood controversy, on October 7, 2016, Chaffetz was the first Republican member of Congress to rescind his endorsement of Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump. "I can't endorse somebody who acts and thinks like this." The Washington Post quoted Chaffetz as saying that he couldn't look his 15-year-old daughter in the eye and talk about what the GOP presidential nominee said, "It is some of the most abhorrent and offensive comments that you can possibly imagine." However, less than three weeks later, on October 26, 2016, he posted on Twitter that he was voting for Trump, while claiming that vote was not an endorsement: "I will not defend or endorse @realDonaldTrump, but I am voting for him." Chaffetz was also the first member of Congress and the only actual addressee recipient of FBI Director Comey’s confidential memo addressed to the Chairs and Ranking Members of the relevant House and Senate Committees to falsely leak that FBI Director Comey was reopening its investigation of Clinton's e-mails 11 days before the 2016 election (the case was never closed, and so couldn’t’ve been re-opened — Comey was merely announcing that some Emails had been found in a separate investigation that may be relevant to the then-ongoing Clinton investigation, but those turned out to be duplicates of what they already had).
Oversight Committee chairmanship during the Trump administration
As chairman of the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee (which is tasked with investigating "waste, fraud, and abuse" in the executive branch), Chaffetz has been criticized for showing a disinterest in investigating President Trump's conflicts of interest and for failing to criticize him for not resolving ethical questions. Chaffetz has said that Trump's global financial ties don't merit a congressional investigation: "It's interesting, because under Section 208 of the criminal code, the president is exempt from almost every conflict-of-interest [law] ... I think the president has a duty and an obligation to live up to the Constitution and the law. And what he's required to do by law, it appears he's done." However, ethics experts have said that Trump's business conflicts and his failure to resolve them are "nakedly unconstitutional." Chaffetz also declined to investigate the circumstances surrounding the resignation of National Security Adviser Michael Flynn, who stepped down amid controversy over his communications with the Russian government before Trump took office. Chaffetz said that "it's taking care of itself" and that any investigation into Flynn was for the House Intelligence Committee to conduct; Chaffetz also asked the Justice Department inspector general to investigate the leaks that brought Flynn's contacts with Russian officials to public light.
Some commentators criticized Chaffetz's perceived lack of interest in Trump administration oversight, especially in light of Chaffetz's zealous investigation of items such as the CDC's use of the Sid the Science Kid cartoon character as part of an anti-Zika virus campaign and a December 2016 tweet from Bryce Canyon National Park welcoming the designation of a new national monument.
Chaffetz has also attacked those who have brought attention to Trump's conflicts of interest. In January 2017, Chaffetz threatened to investigate the independent Office of Government Ethics (OGE) after the Office had questioned Trump's commitment to resolve conflicts of interest. According to the New York Times, "Chaffetz, in his letter, noted his committee's authority to reauthorize the office, a hint that it could perhaps be shut down." Richard W. Painter, a former ethics lawyer in the George W. Bush administration, said that Chaffetz was trying to punish the OGE for criticizing Trump. A January 2017 poll by The Salt Lake Tribune and Hinckley Institute of Politics found that 65% of registered Utah voters supported a probe into Trump's conflicts of interest, compared to just 31% opposed.
Chaffetz said in January 2017 that he would continue his investigations into Hillary Clinton. In October 2016, when Clinton seemed likely to become the next President, Chaffetz said that he was already preparing for "years" of investigations of Clinton.
Michael T. Flynn
Chaffetz drew criticism again in January–February 2017 for his refusal to investigate White House National Security Adviser Michael T. Flynn's ties to Russia after it was revealed that U.S. counterintelligence agents were investigating him for his communications with Russian officials. The day after Flynn's resignation, a reporter asked Chaffetz whether he would investigate Flynn, and Chaffetz answered, "It's taking care of itself".
Social Security
In November 2011, Chaffetz announced a seven-point Social Security proposal. The seven provisions include using a chained CPI-W for calculating annual cost-of-living adjustments (COLAs), increasing normal retirement age, adding progressive price indexing to primary insurance amount calculations, means-testing benefits for high-income beneficiaries, increasing the number of years for calculating average indexed monthly earnings, indexing special minimum benefits to wages instead of CPI, and increasing benefits by 5% for retirees when they reach age 85.
Vaccine controversy
Chaffetz has expressed concerns about mandatory vaccinations: "there are some documentaries out there, there is a lot of evidence out there, it happens in mass numbers ... if you look at what's happening with immunizations, I got to tell you, it really does concern me." He has called for investigations into the "adverse effects of immunizations".
When asked at a town-hall meeting in February 2017 what he would do if President Trump would enact policy on the basis of his belief that vaccines cause autism, Chaffetz said, "On the vaccines issue ... there have been a lot of people in my offices and other meetings that have really expressed concerns about the rise of autism but also whether there is a cause-and-effect with vaccines ... I don't want to say that vaccines are not safe, but at the same time, a lot of people have expressed concerns." Chaffetz then said that it was important to remove the backlog of cases in the "vaccine court" (the Office of Special Masters of the U.S. Court of Federal Claims), which administers a no-fault system for litigating vaccine injury claims, so as to be better able to answer questions that have been raised about the safety of vaccines.
Violence Against Women Act
In 2013, Chaffetz voted against re-authorizing the Violence Against Women Act.
References
Sources
Notes
External links
Collected news and commentary at The Salt Lake Tribune
|-
|-
1967 births
21st-century American politicians
American football placekickers
American people of Russian-Jewish descent
BYU Cougars football players
Cafritz family
Converts to Mormonism from Judaism
Latter Day Saints from California
Latter Day Saints from Utah
Living people
People from Alpine, Utah
People from Grand County, Colorado
Players of American football from Los Gatos, California
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Utah
Fox News people |
66926048 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cream%20of%20the%20Crop%202003 | Cream of the Crop 2003 | Cream of the Crop 2003 is a four-CD live album by the Allman Brothers Band. It was recorded from July 25 to August 10, 2003 at six different concert venues. It was released on June 15, 2018.
Cream of the Crop 2003 features the 2001 to 2014 lineup of the Allman Brothers Band – Gregg Allman on keyboards and vocals, Warren Haynes on guitar and vocals, Derek Trucks on guitar, Oteil Burbridge on bass, Butch Trucks on drums, Jai Johanny Johanson on drums, and Marc Quiñones on percussion.
Highlights LP
Cream of the Crop 2003: Highlights is a three-LP edition of 16 songs selected from the four-CD album. It was released on gold, silver, and red vinyl on April 23, 2022, as part of Record Store Day.
Critical reception
In the Sarasota Herald-Tribune, Wade Tatengelo wrote, "Recorded during the same exciting period resulting in the acclaimed One Way Out double live album, Cream Of The Crop is now probably the best representation of the Allman Brothers' 2001 to 2014 lineup... It's 36 songs with no repeats clocking in at over five hours."
In Relix, Alan Paul said, "The Allman Brothers Band only recorded one studio album, 2003's Hittin' the Note, during their final lineup’s 13-year run. That's a shame for many reasons, not least of which is that, as their new archival release Cream of the Crop 2003 quickly demonstrates, the group came alive when they had some new material.... Avoiding any song repeats, the collection has the flow of a show, thanks to excellent selection and sequencing by supervising producer Warren Haynes."
Larson Sutton of Jambands.com stated: "this was a unit still very fresh to one another, rapidly evolving the telepathy that made an Allman Brothers Band concert a near-religious experience for so many. As a suitably representative statement from this sizzling summer, Cream of the Crop 2003 is a certified grade-A collection."
Writing for Glide Magazine, Doug Collette commented: "the Allman Brothers Band was never much for cosmetic appearances, so what's at the heart of Cream of the Crop 2003, certifiably brilliant musicianship, ends up making a very convincing argument this ABB unit was comparable to, though not quite the equal of, that original ensemble that recorded At Fillmore East."
Track listing
Disc one
"Don't Want You No More" (Spencer Davis, Edward Hardin) – 2:49
"It's Not My Cross to Bear" (Gregg Allman) – 4:55
"Black Hearted Woman" (G. Allman) – 6:49
"Rocking Horse" (G. Allman, Warren Haynes, Allen Woody, Jack Pearson) – 8:45
"Hot 'Lanta" (G. Allman, Duane Allman, Dickey Betts, Butch Trucks, Berry Oakley, Jai Johanny Johanson) – 5:22
"Old Before My Time" (G. Allman, Haynes) – 5:35
"Come and Go Blues" (G. Allman) – 5:57
"Woman Across the River" (Bettye Crutcher, Allen Jones) – 6:58
"Desdemona" (G. Allman, Haynes) – 8:34
"The High Cost of Low Living" (G. Allman, Haynes, Jeff Anders, Ronnie Burgin) – 9:53
"Hoochie Coochie Man" (Willie Dixon) – 9:13
"Revival" (Betts) – 4:10
Disc two
"Trouble No More" (McKinley Morganfield) – 3:34
"Midnight Rider" (G. Allman, Robert Payne) – 3:19
"You Don't Love Me" (Willie Cobbs) – 9:46
"Who to Believe" (Haynes, John Jaworowicz) – 7:05
"Stormy Monday" (T-Bone Walker) – 11:23
"Good Morning Little Schoolgirl" (Sonny Boy Williamson I) – 10:31
"In Memory of Elizabeth Reed" (Betts) – 33:25
Disc three
"Ain't Wastin' Time No More" (G. Allman) – 6:32
"Worried Down with the Blues" (Haynes, Woody, Jaworowicz) – 7:41
"Statesboro Blues" (Will McTell) – 5:24
"Stand Back" (G. Allman, Oakley) – 5:26
"Melissa" (G. Allman) – 5:42
"Mountain Jam" (Donovan Leitch, G. Allman, D. Allman, Betts, Trucks, Oakley, Johanson) – 40:19
"Layla" (Eric Clapton, Jim Gordon) – 7:25
Disc four
"Don't Keep Me Wonderin'" (G. Allman) – 3:58
"Done Somebody Wrong" (Clarence L. Lewis, Elmore James, Morris Levy) – 3:49
"Gambler's Roll" (Haynes, Johnny Neel) – 6:50
"Soulshine" (Haynes) – 7:06
"Who's Been Talking" (Chester Burnett) – 9:33
"Don't Think Twice, It's All Right" (Bob Dylan) – 5:27
"Wasted Words" (G. Allman) – 7:19
"Dreams" (G. Allman) – 12:32
"Whipping Post" (G. Allman) – 14:17
"One Way Out" (James, Marshall Sehorn, Sonny Boy Williamson II) – 6:52
Recording dates
July 25, 2003 – Murat Center, Indianapolis, Indiana
July 26, 2003 – Post-Gazette Pavilion, Burgettstown, Pennsylvania
August 2, 2003 – Darien Lake Performing Arts Center, Darien, New York
August 3, 2003 – Meadows Music Center, Hartford, Connecticut
August 9, 2003 – Verizon Wireless Amphitheatre, Charlotte, North Carolina
August 10, 2003 – Alltel Pavilion, Raleigh, North Carolina
Personnel
The Allman Brothers Band
Gregg Allman – Hammond B-3 organ, piano, vocals
Warren Haynes – lead and slide guitar, vocals
Derek Trucks – lead and slide guitar
Oteil Burbridge – bass
Butch Trucks – drums
Jaimoe – drums
Marc Quiñones – congas, percussion, vocals
Additional musicians
Karl Denson – saxophone on "Good Morning Little Schoolgirl"
Susan Tedeschi – vocals on "Don't Think Twice, It's All Right"
Branford Marsalis – saxophone on "Dreams", "Whipping Post"
Production
Produced by the Allman Brothers Band
Supervising producer: Warren Haynes
Executive producer: Bert Holman
Associate producers: Bill Levenson, John Lynskey
Mastering: Tom Lewis
Mixing: Bruce "Slim" Judd
Package design: Terry Bradley
Liner notes essay: John Lynskey
References
The Allman Brothers Band live albums
2018 live albums |
72011930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Lawrence%20Higgins | Thomas Lawrence Higgins | Thomas Lawrence Higgins (June 17, 1950 - November 10, 1994) was an American writer and gay rights activist, who is credited with coining the term gay pride. He is best known for pushing a pie into the face of anti-gay activist Anita Bryant on live television.
Early life
Higgins was born in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. He attended Catholic elementary school in Minnesota as well as Catholic high schools in Minnesota and North Dakota, before being accepted to the University of North Dakota in 1967 to study in journalism and theater, before he was suspended in 1968 for his involvement in an underground student publication called Snow Job.
Career and activism
In 1969 Higgins became the first person in Minnesota to be granted conscientious objector status from the Vietnam War. Around this time he joined the Fight Repression of Erotic Expression (FREE), where he is credited with coining the term gay pride. He was terminated from his job at the State Radio Services for the Blind as a result of his affiliation with FREE. In response FREE picketed his former workplace, protesting for anti-discrimination protections.
On October 14, 1977, Higgins and Bruce Brockway attended a televised pre-concert press conference hosted by actress Anita Bryant, who was answering questions about her plan to open a network of Anita Bryant Centers where "homosexuals could go for rehabilitation." During the conference Higgins got up, and pushed a banana cream pie into Bryant's face. Afterwards he and four companions exited the studio to answer questions for the media. Bryant's husband Bob Green noticed one of them holding an unused pie, and pressed it into his face in retalliation. Criminal charges were not filed against Higgins.
In 1980 Higgins and his friend Bruce Brockway founded the Positively Gay Cuban Refugee Task, in response to an influx of refugees fleeing Cuba. Among these refugees were gay men, who faced legal persecution in their home country. They were all housed in refugee camps, and were unable to leave without an American sponsor. The organization helped mobilize Minneapolis's gay community to sponsor gay refugees, and allow them to leave and resettle.
Death
Higgins died of AIDS on November 10, 1994, following his friend and fellow gay rights activist, Bruce Brockway, who also died of AIDS in 1984. Higgins is buried in Roseville, Minnesota.
References
1950 births
1994 deaths
American LGBT rights activists
People from Beaver Dam, Wisconsin |
60040245 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20A.%20Chambers | Michael A. Chambers | Michael A. Chambers is the former president of the Canadian Olympic Committee and senior partner at Maclaren Corlett LLP. , Chambers serves as chair of the Association of National Olympic Committees Legal Commission, chair of the Panam Sports Legal Commission, and chair of the Ethics Commission of the International Canoe Federation.
A former athlete, Chambers served as president of Canoe Kayak Canada (CKC) between 1986 and 1988 after having been appointed by the CKC in 1984 to be its representative on the Canadian Olympic Committee. From 2001 to 2010, Chambers served as president of the Canadian Olympic Committee before serving on the executive board and various Commission positions with Association of National Olympic Committees and with the Pan American Sports Organization now known as Panam Sports.
In 2010, he was honoured with the Olympic Order for his services to the Olympic Movement in Canada.
Personal life
Chambers came from a family of paddlers. His father, a 1936 Canadian Canoe Racing National Champion, volunteered with the Rideau Canoe Club which is where his parents met. It was through his history of paddling that Chambers became one of the founding directors of the Ottawa Dragon Boat Festival and served as its chairman from 1999 to 2001.
Chambers earned his commerce law degree at the University of Ottawa. In 2010, he was inducted into the Common Law Honour Society of the University of Ottawa. In 2013, he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate by the University of Ottawa.
Career
As a teenager in the 1960s, Chambers competed with the Rideau Canoe Club and later served on its board of directors before becoming president of the Canoe Kayak Canada. Through his presidency with Canoe Kayak Canada, he served on the board of the Canadian Olympic Association, now the Canadian Olympic Committee. In 2001, Chambers was elected president of the association (later renamed Canadian Olympic Committee) after running against fellow lawyer Doug Hamilton. Chambers had been previously involved with the Olympic Games by serving as Chef de Mission of the Canadian Olympic Team at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
Immediately following the 2002 Winter Olympics, Chambers initiated and spearheaded an appeal on behalf of cross country skier Beckie Scott which ultimately led to Beckie Scott having her bronze medal won at the Games upgraded to gold in accord with the Order of the Court of Arbitration for Sport.
He was re-elected as president in 2005 and in October 2008, became the first Canadian to be elected vice-president of the Pan American Sports Organization. That same year, the Canadian Olympic Committee began the Athlete Excellence Fund for Beijing 2008, which provides athletes with monetary rewards for placements in the top five and above during the Olympic games. The Athlete Excellence Fund was the first of its kind from the Canadian Olympic Committee for Canadian athletes.
He then served as vice chair of Vancouver's 2010 Olympic and Paralympic bid and on VANOC's Governance and Ethics committee. In 2010, he was replaced as president of the Canadian Olympic Committee by Marcel Aubut and assumed the role of president of the Pan American Sport Organization Legislative Commission. On 1 March 2010, Chambers was awarded the Olympic Order for his contributions to Canadian sport and the Olympics globalization.
In 2012, the president of the Association of National Olympic Committees (ANOC) announced he would like to create a Legal Commission consisting of Chambers, Gilbert Grésenguet, and Marc Theisen. In 2013, ANOC created the Juridical Commission which Chambers was elected chairman of. The same year, he was inducted into the Ottawa Sports Hall of Fame and awarded an honorary doctorate from the University of Ottawa.
Due to his Olympic Games experience, he was selected for the International Olympic Committee (IOC) 2014 Olympic Winter Games Working Group. The IOC working group is composed of experts from the International Federations, National Olympic Committees, and the IOC Athletes’ Commission to evaluate country bids. He also served on the Toronto 2015 PanAm Games Organizing Committee board with Chris Rudge, Marcel Aubut, and Roger Garland and in 2016 joined an organizing committee headed by John Furlong to encourage another Canadian Olympic bid.
In 2016, Chambers served as chair of the ANOC Legal Commission, and was re-selected as chairman for the 2018–2022 commission.
References
Canadian International Olympic Committee members
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Recipients of the Olympic Order
Sportspeople from Ottawa
Lawyers in Ontario
Canadian lawyers
University of Ottawa alumni
Presidents of the Canadian Olympic Committee |
57122500 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radnor%20%281813%20ship%29 | Radnor (1813 ship) | Radnor was launched on 9 September 1813 at Sulkea, Calcutta. She then sailed to England.
Radnor was admitted to the Registry of Great Britain on 16 April 1814. She was sold in England and appeared in the Register of Shipping for 1815 with Barclay, master, Hogue, owner, and trade London–Île de France.
A fire destroyed Radnor on 3 September 1815 off Saugor with the loss of thirteen of her crew.
The loss of Radnor to fire, followed by that of and some other vessels, all on outward-bound voyages, led the Calcutta Insurance Office to petition the Bengal government to investigate the matter. The insurers suspected arson by lascars impressed or induced to serve on the vessels.
Citations
References
1813 ships
British ships built in India
Age of Sail merchant ships of England
Maritime incidents in 1815
Ship fires |
18971821 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81agiewniki%2C%20Radomsko%20County | Łagiewniki, Radomsko County | Łagiewniki is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Kodrąb, within Radomsko County, Łódź Voivodeship, in central Poland. It lies approximately east of Radomsko and south of the regional capital Łódź.
The village has an approximate population of 100.
References
Villages in Radomsko County |
6143564 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy%20Jackson%20%26%20the%20Olympians | Percy Jackson & the Olympians | Percy Jackson & the Olympians is a series of six fantasy novels written by American author Rick Riordan. The first book series in his Camp Half-Blood Chronicles, the novels are set in a world with the Greek gods in the 21st century. The first five books of the series follow the protagonist Percy Jackson, a young demigod who must prevent the Titans, led by Kronos (Cronus), from destroying the world.
The first three books were published in the United States by Miramax Books before it was folded into Hyperion Books; that house published the following four books. All the books were published in the United Kingdom by Penguin Books. Four supplementary books, along with graphic novel versions of the first five books, have also been released. the books have sold more than 180 million copies worldwide, making the series one of the best-selling of all time. Two sequel series, The Heroes of Olympus and The Trials of Apollo, follow.
The first book was adapted as a film titled Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief (2010). It was commercially successful, but received mixed reviews from critics and the audience for its departure from the book. The second book was adapted as a film titled Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters (2013), which also received mixed reviews. A TV series based on the novels is set to premiere on Disney+ in 2023.
Origins
Rick Riordan has said that development of these novels began when he was telling bedtime stories to his son Haley Riordan. Haley had been diagnosed with ADHD and dyslexia. Haley had been studying Greek mythology in second grade and asked his father to tell him stories based on Greek myths. When Riordan ran out of myths, his son suggested that he make up new stories based on the gods.
Riordan created the fictional character of Percy Jackson and a story about his traveling across the United States to recover Zeus's lightning bolt. Haley suggested his dad should make it a book, and Riordan wrote what became known as The Lightning Thief, over the next year.
After submitting his manuscript to his agent and editor, Riordan presented the book to a group of sixth, seventh, and eighth graders for their reactions. He gained their approval and, with their help, came up with the book title and the way Percy's sword works. In 2004, the book was sold to Miramax Books for enough money that Riordan could quit his job and focus on writing full time. After it was published in 2005, it sold more than 1.2 million copies. The book was released in multiple editions, including hardcover, paperback and audio editions. It has been translated into multiple languages and published internationally.
Plot
The tale is set in the mid-2000s and features Perseus "Percy" Jackson. He is a 12-year-old boy who learns that he is the son of the god Poseidon. Because the Big Three, the sons of Kronos – Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades, had sworn not to father any more children after World War II, his father abandoned him. The gods took that pledge because their children were too strong and had the potential to cause immense slaughter (in the universe's continuity, World War II was a conflict among their offspring). When Percy learns that he is at risk for murder because of his demigod status, strength, and expanding influence in the Greek world, he also learns that Camp Half-Blood, a training facility on Long Island, New York, houses more demigods like him.
He journeys with new friend Annabeth Chase, a daughter of Athena, and best friend and traveling companion, Grover Underwood, a satyr who is his guardian. As the threat posed by the Titans grows, Percy begins to complete remarkable tasks, fulfill predictions, and engage in combat with and for the gods. He realizes that he can either contribute to the world's destruction or its preservation.
Books
The Lightning Thief
The Lightning Thief is the first book in the series and was released on June 28, 2005.
When Percy Jackson comes home for summer vacation, he and his mother Sally Jackson travel to their cabin in Montauk to escape Percy's stepdad, Gabe Ugliano. However, the trip is cut short after a series of harrowing incidents, including an attack by the Minotaur, resulting in the disappearance of his mother. Percy finds himself at Camp Half-Blood, a training camp for demigods, and discovers that he too is a demigod, son of Poseidon, the Greek god of the sea. Percy also learns that his best friend, Grover Underwood, is actually a satyr (a forest spirit with horns, a human torso, and a goat's lower body), and that Zeus suspects Percy of having stolen his Master Bolt, the most powerful weapon in the universe. To clear his name, save the world from another war between the Olympian gods, and possibly save his mother whose soul had been collected by Hades, Percy sets out to retrieve the lightning bolt from Hades, who is suspected of being the real thief, after hearing a prophecy from an Oracle of Delphi at Camp Half-Blood. Percy, Grover, and Annabeth Chase, a daughter of Athena, start on a journey to the underworld, facing numerous mythological monsters on the way. Their visit to the underworld doesn't go as planned and realise that Hades himself had his helmet of darkness (symbol of his power) stolen. After confronting an innocent Hades, they learn that their friend Luke Castellan, son of Hermes, is the real thief who stole the lightning bolt to allow Kronos, the defeated King of the Titans from the past, a chance to rise again and that Ares, the Greek god of war, had been manipulated by Kronos and helped cover up Luke's crime in order to instigate a war between Olympians. Percy just manages to hold off Ares in a head to head fight which was interrupted by the presence of Kronos, who wants Percy alive for his future plans. The confrontation with Luke Castellan happens at Camp Half Blood, which Percy barely survives and Luke flees. At the end of the summer, Percy returns home to find his mother back from Hades' realm as an expression of gratitude.
The book was adapted as a film by Chris Columbus and 20th Century Fox, under the title Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief (2010). Rick Riordan had not endorsed the final film.
The Sea of Monsters
The Sea of Monsters (2006) is the second novel in the series.
Camp Half-Blood is under attack when Thalia's tree, which guards the borders of the camp against monsters, is poisoned and slowly begins to die. The camp director is replaced. In order to save the tree and the camp, someone must recover the Golden Fleece, which is located somewhere in the Sea of Monsters (the Bermuda Triangle). At the same time, Percy learns that Grover, who has left on a quest to find Pan, has been captured by the Cyclops Polyphemus, and that the Fleece is on the Cyclops's island. Percy sets out to rescue Grover with Annabeth and his Cyclops half-brother Tyson, even though Tantalus, who had replaced Chiron as the camp's activities director, has prohibited him from doing so. Meanwhile, Ares' daughter Clarisse La Rue is sent on an official quest by Camp Half-Blood to retrieve the Fleece. The trip to the Sea of Monsters is long and hazardous, and along the way the heroes encounter several dangers including Scylla and Charybdis, the sorceress Circe, the Sirens, and their former friend Luke Castellan. Percy also learns of a prophecy from the Oracle of Delphi: A child of one of "the Big Three" most important gods (Zeus, Poseidon, and Hades) will play a vital part in the success or failure of resurrecting Kronos the Titan-King and saving Olympus. Following the encounter with Luke, the heroes eventually retrieve the Fleece and restore Thalia's tree, unknowingly resurrecting Thalia, daughter of Zeus. She had been turned into the tree by her father after she sacrificed herself so Annabeth and Luke could get safely to Camp Half-Blood six years prior.
The book was adapted as by Thor Freudenthal and 20th Century Fox, under the title Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters (2013). Rick Riordan had not approved the screenplay, which differed from his book's plot.
The Titan's Curse
The Titan's Curse (2007) is the third novel in the series.
On a mission to rescue the half-bloods Bianca and Nico di Angelo; Percy, Annabeth, Thalia and Grover are attacked by a Manticore. They are rescued by the goddess Artemis but Annabeth is captured. Later, Artemis is captured by Luke's army while hunting for the Ophiotaurus, a cow-serpent. A prophecy said that it would cause the downfall of Olympus when its entrails were sacrificed. Artemis's lieutenant Zoë Nightshade, daughter of Atlas and a sister of the Hesperides, leads Bianca (now a hunter), Thalia, and Grover on a quest to save her. Percy follows them on behalf of Nico di Angelo, promising that he will try to protect Nico's sister Bianca, as he also tries to find Annabeth. The others eventually encounter Percy and he joins their group.
The group are chased across the country. Bianca kills one, leaving the others mystified. As they make their way across a godly junkyard, Bianca sets off a trap. She later dies sacrificing herself to save the others; Percy could not save her. They find Annabeth with Luke and Artemis, who is holding up the sky. Percy then takes it from Artemis and they trick Atlas into his original position under the sky. Thalia replaces Zoë, who dies saving Artemis and, as Artemis' lieutenant. Thalia's induction as a lieutenant of Artemis ensures that she will become immortal, never aging to reach 16, thus escaping the Great Prophecy and leaving Percy to fulfill it. They return to camp and Percy informs Nico about Bianca's death during the journey. Nico blames Percy for failing to protect her and runs away, only after causing skeletal warriors invading the camp to fall into the dark void of the Underworld, thus alerting Percy to the fact that Hades is Nico and Bianca's father.
The Battle of the Labyrinth
The Battle of the Labyrinth, the fourth installment in the series, was released on May 6, 2008.
Percy, Annabeth, Grover, and Tyson venture on a quest to find Daedalus's workshop within the labyrinth, which Luke Castellan and his army are looking for too, with the help of Ariadne's string. A swordsman named Quintus is subbing for Mr. D as Camp Half-Blood's director, since Mr. D is on a mission to get the minor gods to be on the gods' side of the war. The questers go on a journey inside the labyrinth, facing many monsters. They eventually discover a forge belonging to the god Hephaestus being used by Kronos's smiths. To escape, Percy triggered a volcanic eruption that puts him in a coma.
Percy awakes on the island Ogygia, being tended by the immortal Calypso. He eventually returns to his friends and recruits Rachel Elizabeth Dare, a mortal he encountered in the previous book, to navigate the labyrinth. With Rachel's help, the group find Daedalus's workshop, where they find out that Quintus is actually Daedalus. Daedalus betrays them and sells them out to Luke, and the questers flee back to camp. Luke's army follows them and a battle ensues. The demigods win but suffer many casualties including Daedalus, Castor, and Lee Fletcher. After the battle, they prepare for the oncoming war against Lord Kronos, who has possessed the body of Luke Castellan and who has risen to obliterate Olympus.
The Last Olympian
The Last Olympian, the fifth in the series, was released on May 5, 2009.
Percy Jackson learns that Kronos' forces are preparing to attack Olympus. Poseidon, Percy's father, decides that it is time for Percy to learn what exactly the Great Prophecy means. Seeking a way to defeat Kronos, Nico di Angelo tells Percy his plan, though Percy doesn't like it. Percy bathes in the River Styx, making his body invulnerable except one small chosen part of his body (his Achilles' heel, in his case the small of his back). Kronos leads a siege of New York City and puts its mortal citizens to sleep. Percy leads the campers, Hunters, nature spirits, and centaurs to protect Mount Olympus from Kronos and his forces. While they protect Olympus, the gods battle the monster Typhon as he makes his way across the country to New York. Kronos, possessing Luke's body, forces his way into Olympus and battles Percy in Olympus' throne room. Typhon reaches New York but is defeated after the arrival of Poseidon's forces, led by Tyson.
Annabeth is able to help Luke overcome Kronos, and Percy gives Annabeth's knife (which is the cursed blade mentioned in the prophecy) to Luke. Luke, also invulnerable from bathing in the River Styx, stabs himself in his wrist
, his mortal spot to destroy Kronos and save Mount Olympus, dying heroically. The gods reward Percy and his friends and offer him immortality. Percy rejects the offer but instead requests for the gods to claim all their children and to have cabins for all the gods, including the minor ones. Rachel Elizabeth Dare becomes Apollo's next Oracle, breaking Hades' curse on the position, and recites the next Great Prophecy. The book finishes with Percy and Annabeth becoming a couple, and ominous clouds looming over Rachel's next Great Prophecy. The story is continued in sequel series The Heroes of Olympus and The Trials of Apollo.
The Chalice of the Gods
The Chalice of the Gods, the sixth installment in the series, was released on September 26, 2023. It was announced in October 2022 as a standalone novel taking place between the events of The Heroes of Olympus and The Trials of Apollo.
Percy Jackson is informed by his father Poseidon that, because he was never supposed to exist due to the pact after World War II about the Big Three having no more children, Percy is ineligible for New Rome University. However, Zeus has agreed to allow Percy to attend on the condition that he complete three new quests for the gods and get letters of recommendation from each god. Poseidon helps Percy to put an ad out for his services while assigning a nereid to be Percy's school guidance counselor as further assistance. Percy's girlfriend Annabeth Chase and his best friend Grover Underwood volunteer to help Percy complete the quests.
Zeus' cup-bearer Ganymede responds to the ad, needing help because his chalice of immortality has been stolen and Ganymede needs to recover it before the other gods find out. Percy and his friends investigate Hebe and Iris as potential suspects, and are forced to work around Percy's school schedule. Although both are cleared of any wrongdoing, in exchange for the three cleansing her magical staff, Iris uncovers the true culprit as Geras, the god of old age, and helps Percy, Annabeth and Grover to locate him. Percy challenges Geras to a wrestling match to the death, but ultimately wins by embracing Geras and in effect, old age and everything that comes with mortality, winning Geras' respect and the return of the chalice.
However, Percy, Annabeth and Grover get a distress call from Ganymede that Zeus is holding a sudden brunch for his mother Rhea, meaning that Ganymede needs the chalice back immediately. With the assistance of Grover, Annabeth's cap of invisibility, and Zeus' kitchen staff, Percy sneaks into Zeus's palace where he gets Ganymede alone with the unexpected help of Athena and returns the chalice to him just in time. Ganymede gives Percy a magical piece of paper on which Percy, his pregnant mother Sally, his stepfather Paul and Annabeth dictate his first recommendation letter. Poseidon reassures Percy that he's always watching over him and tells Percy that his small act of heroism in helping Ganymede proves Percy to be a true hero more than any of his world-saving quests did as Percy had kept his promise to the god and challenged Geras not to save the world or to get the letter in the end, but because it's who he is. Percy and Annabeth make plans for their future together and to get the rest of the letters that Percy will need to secure his entrance into college.
Supplementary works
The Demigod Files
The Demigod Files, also written by Rick Riordan, is the first companion book to the series. It was released February 10, 2009, featuring three short stories, interviews with the campers, puzzles and pictures. It is set between The Battle of the Labyrinth and The Last Olympian. The book received mixed reviews, with some reviewers criticizing the lack of substantial material and others commenting on the writing of the short stories. The stories are Percy Jackson and the Stolen Chariot, Percy Jackson and the Bronze Dragon, The Camper Interviews, and Percy Jackson and the Sword of Hades. At the end of the book, there are portraits on the characters of the series.
The Ultimate Guide
The Ultimate Guide is a companion book, second to the series, released on January 19, 2010. This book has a magnetic cover and holographic character pictures that change into four different characters. Its 156 pages include trading cards, full-color diagrams, and maps. It also includes a dictionary of almost every monster Percy faces in the series, with pictures beside some, as well as various activities. The book tells of Percy Jackson's starting life as a half-blood, a tour of the Underworld by Nico di Angelo, the story of Sally Jackson's parents, and items used throughout the series. There is also a paperback version.
Graphic novels
Graphic novels based on each book of the series have been released: The Lightning Thief on October 12, 2010, The Sea of Monsters on July 2, 2013, The Titan's Curse on October 8, 2013, The Battle of the Labyrinth on October 2, 2018, and The Last Olympian on August 13, 2019.
Demigods and Monsters
Demigods and Monsters is an unofficial companion book and was released on February 11, 2009. With an introduction by Riordan, it features essays written by various young adult authors that explore, discuss and provide further insight into the Percy Jackson series. At 196 pages, it also contains information on the places and characters of the series, as well as a glossary of Greek myths.
The Demigod Diaries
The Demigod Diaries contains four new stories with character interviews, illustrations of characters and more, puzzles, and a quiz. The four stories include the adventures of Thalia, Luke, and Annabeth, and others that precede the Percy Jackson and the Olympians series and a first-person narrative from Percy's viewpoint. Set a month after the events of The Last Olympian and before he goes missing in The Lost Hero, Percy and Annabeth retrieve Hermes' stolen staff. One of the stories is written by Riordan's son, Haley, and revolves around one of the demigods who fought for Kronos during the Second Titan War and survived the battle in Manhattan.
The Demigod Diaries also contains a story involving Jason, Leo, and Piper that recounts their time spent at Camp Half-Blood between The Lost Hero and The Mark of Athena.
Reception
The Lightning Thief received mostly positive reviews and won awards including the School Library Journal Best Book of 2005. The New York Times praised The Lightning Thief as “perfectly paced, with electrifying moments chasing each other like heartbeats”. Author Rick Riordan said of the various awards, "The ultimate compliment for a children's writer is when the kids like it."
Like its predecessor, The Sea of Monsters won several prizes and received generally positive reviews as well. It sold over 100,000 copies in hardcover by the time it was released in paperback and reviewers have praised the storyline, themes and the author's style of writing. Matt Berman, of Common Sense Media, praised the book, saying “The Percy Jackson series continues to be pure fun, with the author doing nearly everything right to produce a book that few kids will be able to resist.” Kirkus reviewed The Battle of the Labyrinth as, “This volume can stand alone, but no one will be able to read just one [...] look no further for the next Harry Potter, meet Percy Jackson as legions of fans already have.” As of December 11, 2019, it has been on the New York Times Children's Series Best Seller List for 665 weeks.
Some critics, especially Christian critics, of Riordan have disapproved of the emphasis on pagan gods in his books. Riordan responds to these complaints by reminding his readers that first and foremost,
"The Lightning Thief explores Greek mythology in a modern setting, but it does so as a humorous work of fantasy. I'm certainly not interested in changing or contradicting anyone's religious beliefs. Early in the book, the character Chiron makes a distinction between God, capital-G, the creator of the universe, and the Greek gods. Chiron says he does not want to delve into the issue of God, but he has no qualms about discussing the Olympians because they are a 'much smaller matter.'"
Critics such as The Calico Critic have also disagreed with the fusion of Greek mythology and modern American culture. They have stated that it is difficult to believe "the reality of the tale", claiming that "monsters in the St. Louis Arch" and "the entrance to Olympus in New York" were unimaginable, despite Riordan's explanations of why he chose these certain locations.
In other media
Films
Chris Columbus directed and produced Percy Jackson & the Olympians: The Lightning Thief for 20th Century Fox through 1492 Pictures. The film was released February 2, 2010.
Columbus has stated that he was drawn to directing the Percy Jackson movie because it gave him the "opportunity to do a movie that we haven't really seen before for this generation. When I was a kid, there were movies that dealt with Greek mythology, which in terms of visual effects was really primitive. So I thought this was an opportunity to deal with Greek mythology which children and adults all over the world are fascinated by and it was not a new genre but a new avenue, dealing with mythological creatures in a contemporary setting."
The second film in the series, Percy Jackson: Sea of Monsters, was released on August 7, 2013. A third film, Percy Jackson: Titan's Curse, was in development but never went into production.
Video game
A video game based on the film adaption of The Lightning Thief developed by Activision was released exclusively for Nintendo DS on February 11, 2010. GameZone's Michael Splechta gave it a 6/10, saying "Percy Jackson might not make a splash when it comes to movie tie-in games, but fans of turn-based combat might find some redeeming qualities in this otherwise bare-bones game." On Metacritic, the game has a score of 56 out of 100 based on 6 reviews, indicating "mixed or average reviews".
Musical
On January 12, 2017, A Series of Unfortunate Events story editor Joe Tracz wrote a musical adaptation of The Lightning Thief. The musical debuted off-Broadway in 2017, before going on a national tour in 2019, followed by a 16-week limited run on Broadway from October 2019 to January 2020. It was nominated for three Drama Desk Awards in 2017, including a nomination for Outstanding Musical.
Television series
The rights to the Percy Jackson novels were transferred to Disney following its acquisition of 21st Century Fox in 2019. In May 2020, Riordan announced that Disney would be producing a live-action television series following the story of the series, with the first season adapting The Lightning Thief. Riordan also confirmed that he, along with his wife Becky, would be involved in the development of the series, a significant departure from the film series, in which Riordan was mostly shut out of the filmmaking process. The series was greenlit in January 2022, began production in June 2022, and is scheduled to premiere on Disney+ on December 20, 2023.
Related series
Sequel series
The Heroes of Olympus
The Heroes of Olympus is a sequel series, also based on Camp Half-Blood and Greek mythology and introduces Camp Jupiter and its associated Roman mythology. The first book The Lost Hero was released on October 12, 2010. Like the first series, there are five books.
The second book in The Heroes of Olympus, The Son of Neptune, was released in October 2011. The third book, The Mark of Athena, was released on October 2, 2012. The fourth book, The House of Hades, was released on October 8, 2013. The fifth and final book of The Heroes of Olympus series, The Blood of Olympus, was released on October 7, 2014.
The Trials of Apollo
Riordan's follow up series to The Heroes of Olympus book series is titled The Trials of Apollo. It is written from the point of view of Apollo, having been cast down from Olympus by Zeus. The first installment, titled The Hidden Oracle, was released on May 3, 2016. The second book titled The Dark Prophecy was released in May 2017. The third book titled The Burning Maze was released on May 1, 2018. The fourth book of the series, The Tyrant's Tomb, was released on September 24, 2019. The fifth and last book of the pentalogy, The Tower of Nero, was released on October 6, 2020.
Other series
The Kane Chronicles
The novels are set within the same fictional universe as the three previous book series, and is narrated alternately in first-person by the two protagonist-siblings Carter and Sadie Kane. The siblings are descended from the two pharaohs Narmer and Ramses the Great and are powerful magicians. They and their friends are forced to contend with Egyptian gods and goddesses who still interact with the real world. The series includes a trilogy consisting of The Red Pyramid (2010), The Throne of Fire (2011), and The Serpent's Shadow (2012), as well as three crossover books with the Percy Jackson & the Olympians series.
Magnus Chase and the Gods of Asgard
The main protagonist Magnus Chase, son of the Vanir god of fertility Frey, narrates the novel in first person. He has a relationship with Alex Fierro, another main character, and his Valkyrie is Samirah al-Abbas, a daughter of Loki. He is also the cousin of Annabeth Chase, a main character in the Percy Jackson and the Olympians and The Heroes of Olympus series, who links the two series together. The series consists of three books: The Sword of Summer (2015), The Hammer of Thor (2016), and The Ship of the Dead (2017).
See also
List of artistic depictions of dyslexia
Muses in popular culture
From the Files of the Time Rangers – also based on the premise of Greek gods active in modern-day United States
Myth-o-Mania - children's book series depicting modern twists on Greek mythology
Olympians (Marvel Comics)/Thor (Marvel Comics) – comics based on the same premise, with both Greek and Norse gods.
References
External links
Percy Jackson and the Olympians series site from publisher Disney (readriordan.com)
Rick Riordan Myth Master at publisher Penguin Books (UK)
Percy Jackson & the Olympians official Persian-language website percy-jackson.ir (archived 2010)
Teacher's Guide at Educational Resources from Rick Riordan (rickriordan.com)
Book series introduced in 2005
American bildungsromans
Dyslexia in fiction
Pentalogies
Young adult novel series |
46561028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babysitter%20%28disambiguation%29 | Babysitter (disambiguation) | A babysitter is one who temporarily cares for a child.
Babysitter(s) or babysitting may also refer to:
Film
Babysitter, a 2015 film by Morgan Krantz which screened at the 2015 Deauville American Film Festival
Babysitter (2022 film), a 2022 Canadian film by Monia Chorki
Babysitting (film), a 2014 French film
The Babysitter (1995 film), a 1995 film starring Alicia Silverstone
The Babysitters, a 2007 film starring Katherine Waterston
The Babysitter, an alternate title for the 1975 European film Wanted: Babysitter
The Babysitter (1980 film), an American TV movie starring William Shatner
The Babysitter (2017 film), an American horror film starring Judah Lewis and Samara Weaving
Television
"The Babysitters", a 1970 episode of The Brady Bunch
"Babysitting" (Beavis and Butt-head episode), a 1996 episode
"The Babysitter" (Cow and Chicken), a 1998 episode
"The Babysitter" (Frasier episode), a 2003 episode
Babysitter (TV series), a 2016 South Korean drama series
Music
The Baby Sitters (folk group), a children's music group that started in 1958 and included member Alan Arkin
Baby Huey & the Babysitters, an American music group founded in 1963
"Baby Sitter" (song), a song by American rapper DaBaby
Other uses
The Babysitter (novel series), by R. L. Stine initially published from 1989 to 1995
The Babysitter, a nickname for the Oakland County Child Killer
See also
The Baby-Sitters Club, a series of novels written by Ann M. Martin
Adventures in Babysitting (1987 film)
Adventures in Babysitting (2016 film)
Baby (disambiguation)
Sitter (disambiguation) |
55822517 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeeha%20bint%20Ahmed%20bin%20Nassir%20al%20Shibaniyah | Madeeha bint Ahmed bin Nassir al Shibaniyah | Madeeha bint Ahmed bin Nassir al Shibaniyah is an Omani politician. She is the minister of education.
Biography
Madeeha bint Ahmed bin Nassir al Shibaniyah graduated from the University of California, Santa Barbara with a PhD in Education. She is the chairperson of the Omani National Commission for Education, Culture, and Science. She is the Minister of Education in Oman. In 2017 the Forbes Middle East placed her seven on a list of most powerful Arab women in government. She was appointed the Minister of Education in 2011 by Sultan Qaboos bin Said. She was third woman in the history of Oman to hold a cabinet position in government. She replaced Yahya bin Saud Al Sulaimi, the previous Minister of Education. In 2014 she visited Japan on an official visit. She hosted and sponsored the Second Gulf Forum on Nanotechnology in Oman. She is the chairperson of the Supervisory Committee of the Specialised Centre for Professional Training of Teachers in Oman. In 2016 she inaugurated the library of the centre and also over the overhaul of its websites and social media pages.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Education ministers of Oman
21st-century Omani women politicians
21st-century Omani politicians
Women government ministers of Oman
University of California, Berkeley alumni |
33936243 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20New%20Warriors%20issues | List of New Warriors issues | This is a List of New Warriors Issues. New Warriors is a Marvel Comics superhero team, traditionally consisting of young adult heroes. They first appeared in issues 411 and 412 of the Marvel Comics title The Mighty Thor. From 1990 the New Warriors were featured in an eponymous series written by Fabian Nicieza with art by Mark Bagley until 1996. The series lasted for 75 issues and four annuals.
A short-lived revival was launched in 1999, lasting for ten issues, and a mini-series followed in 2005. A fourth series was launched in June 2007.
Issues
Issue #1 - "From the Ground Up" (Cameos by Captain America and She-Hulk) - July 1, 1990
Issue #2 - Mirror Moves - Aug. 1, 1990
Issue #3 - I Am, Therefore, I Think - Sept. 1, 1990
Issue #4 - Genetech Potential - Oct. 1, 1990
Issue #5 - The Man Who Stole Tomorrow - Nov. 1, 1990
Issue #6 - The Inhuman Condition - Dec. 1, 1990
Issue #7 - Hard Choices, Part 1: The Heart of the Hunter - Jan. 1, 1991
Issue #8 - Hard Choices, Part 2: Devils at the Doorsteps - Feb. 1, 1991
Issue #9 - Hard Choices, Part 3: Following the Line Along the Middle - March 1, 1991
Issue #10 - Rumble - April 1, 1991
Issue #11 - Forever Yesterday, Part 1: Days of Present Past - May 1, 1991
Issue #12 - Forever Yesterday, Part 2: A Betrayal of Hope - June 1, 1991
Issue #13 - Forever Yesterday, Part 3: A World for the Winning - July 1, 1991
Issue #14 - The Breeze Of An Underwater Wind - Aug. 1, 1991
Issue #15 - The Sushi People - Sept. 1, 1991
Issue #16 - Ground War - Oct. 1, 1991
Issue #17 - Sore Winners - Nov. 1, 1991
Issue #18 - Everything You Always Wanted to Know About the Taylor Foundation but were Afraid to ask - Dec. 1, 1991
Issue #19 - Sympathy For The Devil - Jan. 1, 1992
Issue #20 - The Breaking Point - Feb. 1, 1992
Issue #21 - The Folding Circle - March 1, 1992
Issue #22 - Nothing But The Truth, Part 1: The Stolen Children - April 1, 1992
Issue #23 - Nothing But The Truth, Part 2: Passed Lies - May 1, 1992
Issue #24 - Nothing But The Truth, Part 3: The Cheating Corner - June 1, 1992
Issue #25 - Nothing But The Truth, Part 4: Justifiable Homicide - July 1, 1992
Issue #26 - The Next Step - Aug. 1, 1992
Issue #27 - Dark Side - Sept. 1, 1992
Issue #28 - Heavy Turbulence - Oct. 1, 1992
Issue #29 - World War One: This Land Must Change - Nov. 1, 1992
Issue #30 - World War Two ... or Land Must Burn - Dec. 1, 1992
Issue #31 - Ruins - Jan. 1, 1993
Issue #32 - Forces Of Darkness, Forces of Light, Act 1: Crawling to the Shadows - Feb. 1, 1993
Issue #33 - Forces Of Darkness, Forces of Light, Act 2: The Soul Canyons - March 1, 1993
Issue #34 - Forces Of Darkness, Forces of Light, Act 3: Breaking the Back of Love - April 1, 1993
Issue #35 - Hawks and Doves - May 1, 1993
Issue #36 - The scales of Justice - June 1, 1993
Issue #37 - Family Values - July 1, 1993
Issue #38 - Family honor, poisoned memories - Aug. 1, 1993
Issue #39 - Family viewing - Sept. 1, 1993
Issue #40 - The Starlost, Part one: Power Tools - Oct. 1, 1993
Issue #41 - The Starlost, Part two: Power Plays - Nov. 1, 1993
Issue #42 - The Starlost, Part three: Power Full - Dec. 1, 1993
Issue #43 - And Justice For All? - Jan. 1, 1994
Issue #44 - Underwater Fire - Feb. 1, 1994
Issue #45 - Child's Play, Part 2: Sleeping with the Enemy - March 1, 1994
Issue #46 - Childs Play, Part 4 - April 1, 1994
References
New Warriors |
13674393 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1909%20Detroit%20Tigers%20season | 1909 Detroit Tigers season | The 1909 Detroit Tigers won the American League pennant with a record of 98–54, but lost to the Pittsburgh Pirates in the 1909 World Series, 4 games to 3. The season was their 9th since they were charter members of the American League in 1901. It was the third consecutive season in which they won the pennant but lost the World Series. Center fielder Ty Cobb won the Triple Crown and pitcher George Mullin led the league in wins (29) and winning percentage (.784).
The players
Catchers: Boss Schmidt and Oscar Stanage
Catching duties were split between Boss Schmidt (81 games) and Oscar Stanage (77 games).
Schmidt hit .265 in 1908, but his batting average dropped to .209 in 1909. As a young man, Schmidt worked in the coal mines and was a skilled brawler who fought an exhibition match with the heavyweight champion, Jack Johnson. Schmidt also beat Ty Cobb in at least two fights. In the second fight, Schmidt knocked Cobb unconscious but admired Cobb's resiliency, and the two became friends until Schmidt's death in 1932. Schmidt never wore shinguards and could force nails into the floor with his bare fists.
Stanage played for the Tigers from 1909 to 1920, catching 1,074 games for Detroit—second only to Bill Freehan in team history. Stanage was a weak hitter but one of the best defensive catchers of the dead-ball era. Known for his strong throwing arm, Stanage threw out more baserunners than any other catcher in the 1910s. Stanage still holds the American League record for most assists by a catcher, with 212 in 1911, and his career average of 1.29 assists per game is the fifth best in major league history. Stanage was not as skilled with the glove; his 41 errors in 1911 was the most by a catcher for the 20th Century.
Infield: Rossman, Schaefer, Bush, Moriarty, Delahanty and O'Leary
First baseman Claude Rossman played for the Tigers from 1907 to 1909. In 1908, Rossman had the best year of his career with 33 doubles (2nd in the AL), 219 total bases (3rd in the AL), and 48 extra base hits (3rd in the AL). On August 20, 1909, the Tigers traded him to the St. Louis Browns for Tom Jones. Rossman had a peculiar emotional quirk where he sometimes froze and could not throw the ball when he became excited. Runners would lead off first to draw a throw from the pitcher, then run to second when Rossman froze. He was 28 when he played his last major league game and died at age 46 in a New York hospital for the insane where he had been a patient for several years.
Second baseman Germany Schaefer was traded by the Tigers to the Washington Senators during the 1909 season for Jim Delahanty. Schaefer is remembered more for his antics than for his performance on the field, including trying to steal first base (from second base) and, coming to bat in the rain with a raincoat and boots (to persuade the umpire to call the games). Schaefer was a pioneer of baseball clowning, and his vaudeville act with teammate Charley O'Leary was inspiration for the MGM musical film "Take Me Out to the Ball Game" starring Gene Kelly and Frank Sinatra. In 1919, a little over a year after Schaefer played his last game, he died at age 42 of tuberculosis at the sanitarium in Saranac Lake, New York.
Jim Delahanty took over at second base from Schaefer in 1909. He played all seven games of the 1909 World Series, batting .346 with 4 runs batted in.
Donie Bush was Detroit's starting shortstop for thirteen seasons from 1909 to 1921. As a rookie in 1909, he led the American League in walks (88), sacrifice hits (52), and assists by a shortstop (567), finished second in the AL in runs scored (114), was third in the AL in on-base percentage (.380), and set a major league record for stolen bases by a rookie (53) that stood for 89 years. His 52 sacrifice hits is the fourth highest single season total in major league history. He also led the AL in walks in five times and walked more than any other major league player from 1910 to 1919. Bush was also the surprise hitting star for Detroit in the World Series, hitting .318 with a .438 on-base percentage, picking up 7 hits, 5 bases on balls, 3 sacrifice hits, twice being hit by a pitch, scoring 5 runs and collecting 3 runs batted in. Bush played all seven game of the World Series at shortstop, collecting 9 putouts, 18 assists, and 3 double plays (but also committing 5 errors).
George Moriarty hit .273 and stole 34 bases as the team's third baseman. He later became one of the AL's most highly regarded umpires, officiating in the World Series in 1921, 1925, 1930, 1933 and 1935. Once while Moriarty was umpiring, Babe Ruth stepped out of the batter's box and asked Moriarty to spell his last name. When he had spelled it out, Ruth reportedly replied, "Just as I thought; only one I."
Charley O'Leary was Detroit's starting shortstop from 1904 to 1907 and became a backup shortstop and utility infielder from 1908 to 1912. In 1908, he shared third baseman duties with Moriarty and hit .202. On September 30, 1934, O'Leary pinch hit for the St. Louis Browns at age 51 and became one of the oldest players to collect a hit and score a run.
Outfield: McIntyre, Cobb, Crawford and Jones
In 1909, Ty Cobb won the Triple Crown with a .377 batting average‚ nine home runs (all inside the park)‚ and 107 runs batted in. (He not only led the AL in all three Triple Crown categories; he led all major league players in all three categories.) Cobb also led the major leagues with 216 hits and 76 stolen bases. Adding the stolen base title, Cobb was the only player ever to win a quadruple crown.
Right fielder Sam Crawford, known as "Wahoo Sam", was one of the greatest sluggers of the dead-ball era and still holds the major league records for triples in a career (309) and for inside-the-park home runs in a season (12) and a career (51). He finished his career with 2,961 hits and a .309 batting average. Crawford was among the AL leaders in hits, runs batted in, extra base hits, slugging percentage, and total bases every year for twelve consecutive years from 1905 to 1915. In 1909, Crawford hit .314 (4th in the AL) with a .452 slugging percentage (2nd in the AL), 97 runs batted in (2nd in the AL), 35 doubles (1st in the AL), 14 triples (2nd in the AL), 266 total bases (2nd in the AL), six home runs (3rd in the AL), 55 extra base hits (1st in the American League), and 30 stolen bases.
Left fielder Matty McIntyre played for Detroit from 1904 to 1910. His best season was 1908, when he led the AL in: plate appearances (672), times on base (258), runs (105), and singles (131). McIntyre is also remembered as the leader of the "anti-Cobb" clique on the Tigers during Cobb's early years. Early in Cobb's rookie season, Cobb went after a flyball in McIntyre's left field territory. By cutting in front, Cobb caused McIntyre to drop the ball, infuriating McIntyre. McIntyre and his cohorts led a prolonged hazing campaign, locking Cobb out of an empty washroom, flicking food at Cobb, and nailing his shoes to the clubhouse floor.
Davy Jones played for the Tigers from 1906 to 1912. With Cobb and Crawford solidly entrenched in the outfield, Jones was forced to battle for the third outfield spot with McIntyre each year from 1906 to 1910. As a speedy leadoff man, he was a reliable run scorer with Cobb and Crawford following him in the lineup. Jones' speed also made him a fine outfielder, with tremendous range. In 1907, he led the AL with a .357 on-base percentage and finished second in the AL with 101 runs. In his three World Series for the Tigers, Jones played in 18 games, had a .357 on-base percentage, scored 8 runs, and had a home run in the 1909 World Series against the Pittsburgh Pirates.
Pitching: Mullin, Willett, Summers, Killian, Donovan and Works
George Mullin was the Tigers' leading pitcher in 1909, leading the major leagues with 29 wins and leading the AL with a .784 win percentage. Mullin holds the Tigers franchise record for innings pitched (in a career and in a season) and has the second most wins in the team's history. He also pitched the team's first no-hitter; had five 20-win seasons (including a league-leading 29 wins in 1909); helped the Tigers to three straight American League pennants (1907–09); twice hit over .310 as a batter; and ranks 7th in major league history for fielding assists by a pitcher.
Ed Killian led the team (and was 4th in the AL) with a 1.71 ERA. Twice a 20-game winner (including a 25–13 season in 1907), as of the end of the 2009 season Killian's career ERA of 2.38 is 26th-best in MLB history. Killian also holds the record for fewest home runs allowed, giving up only 9 in his entire career. At one point, Killian pitched a record 1001 innings (from September 1903 – August 1907) without allowing a home run.
Ed Willett had his best season in 1909 when he had a record of 21–10, ranking 3rd in the American League in wins and 5th in winning percentage (.677). He had an earned run average of 2.34 for the season and was among the AL leaders in games (41), innings (), games started (34), complete games (25), bases on balls and hits allowed (88 and 239), as well as wild pitches (10) and hit batsmen (14).
Ed Summers had two great seasons for the Tigers, going 24–12 with a 1.64 ERA in his 1908 rookie season, and 19–9 with a 2.24 ERA in 1909. On September 25, 1908, Summers threw two complete game victories in a double header to help the Tigers clinch the AL pennant. On July 16, 1909, Summers pitched 18 scoreless innings of a tie game against the Washington Senators at Bennett Park.
Bill Donovan was the Tigers ace in 1907 with a 25–4 record (the best win percentage in Tigers' team history), but in 1909 he went 8–7 in 17 starts. On May 7, 1906, Donovan stole second base, third base, and home on the front end of a double steal and also hit a triple in the same game. In June 1923, Donovan died in a train wreck.
Ralph Works was a pitcher for Tigers from 1909 to 1912. Works was called "Judge" by teammates for his scholarly countenance. Works had career record of 24–24 with a 3.79 ERA. His best season was 1911 when he went 11–5 in 30 games for the Tigers. He ranked No. 5 in the American League in winning percentage (.688) in 1911, No. 7 in shutouts with 3 and No. 8 in games finished with 10. Works died in of a self-inflicted gunshot would in Pasadena, California in 1941 at age 53. He died with his wife in an apparent double suicide.
Player-manager Hughie Jennings
Hughie "Ee-yah" Jennings led the Tigers to three consecutive American League pennants, in 1907–09. Jennings continued to manage the Tigers through the 1920 season, though his team never won another pennant. During his years as Detroit's manager, Jennings became famous for his antics, mostly in the third base coaching box, which variously included shouts of "Ee-Yah", and other whoops, whistles, horns, gyrations, jigs, and grass-plucking. The "Ee-Yah" whoop became his trademark and was accompanied with waves of both arms over his head and a sharp raising of his right knee. In 1907, he was suspended for taunting opponents with a tin whistle. The "Ee-Yah" shouts continued and became such a trademark that Jennings became known as Hughie "Ee-Yah" Jennings, and Detroit fans would shout "Eee-Yah" when Jennings would appear on the field. (See also Jack Smile, Ee-yah: The Life and Times of Hughie Jennings, Baseball Hall of Famer)
Behind the antics was a great coaching mind. Connie Mack called Jennings one of the three greatest managers in history, along with John McGraw and Joe McCarthy.
Regular season
Season summary
The 1909 season was the third straight year the Tigers won the American League pennant. Their 1909 record of 98–54 was the team's best record to that point. Led by Ty Cobb, who won the Triple Crown and Sam Crawford, who led the league in doubles and extra base hits, they scored 66 more runs than any other team in the American League and outscored their opponents 666 to 493. They led the American League for most of the regular season, but remained in a close race with the Philadelphia Athletics, finally taking the pennant by 3½ games.
The 1909 Tigers' winning percentage ranks as the 3rd best in team history through 2010, as follows:
Season highlights
April 14: George Mullin pitches a 1-hit shutout as the Tigers beat the White Sox, 1–0, on Opening Day at Bennett Park.
April 18: The Tigers announced plans to build a new concrete and steel stadium. The team won its fifth straight game to start the season, 5–0, as George Mullin got his second win, a 3–2 victory over Cleveland.
May 2: The Tigers beat the White Sox, 6–5. Ty Cobb was ejected from a game for the first time. He tried stretching a double and was called out at third base.
May 16: The Tigers lost, 3–2, to Boston. George Moriarty was tagged out in the 9th inning trying to steal home to end the game. After tagging Moriarty, Boston catcher Bill Carrigan spit tobacco on Moriarty‚ saying‚ "don't try that and pull that on a smart guy." Moriarty then flattened Carrigan. Both players were suspended for fighting.
June 10: The Tigers beat the New York Highlanders, 2–1, as George Mullin won his 11th straight game. Mullin lost to the A's, 5–4, in his next start on June 15.
June 22: The Tigers bought the rest of the vacant Bennett Field grounds as the site for a new baseball stadium.
June 26: In Detroit‚ the Tigers beat the Browns and Rube Waddell‚ 6–2. It was the 8th straight game between the two teams‚ and the Tigers won all eight.
July 15: Ty Cobb hit two inside-the-park homers to lead the Tigers to a double header sweep of the Senators. Detroit won‚ 9–5 and 7–0.
July 16: At Bennett Field‚ Detroit and Washington played the longest scoreless game in AL history – 18 innings. Ed Summers pitched a complete game‚ holding the Senators to 7 hits‚ two walks (one intentional)‚ while striking out 10. The Senators' 30-year-old rookie‚ Bill "Dolly" Gray‚ allowed only one hit before leaving with an injury after 8 innings.
July 22: The Tigers beat Boston, 6–0, as Ty Cobb stole second, third and home in the 7th inning‚ against pitcher Harry Wolter. In all, Cobb had three hits and four stolen bases. Ed Killian got the win for Detroit.
August 20: The Browns and Tigers traded first baseman: Tom Jones went to Detroit for Claude Rossman.
August 24: The Tigers beat the A's, 7–6. A's catcher Paddy Livingston threw out Ty Cobb trying to steal 3rd base during an intentional walk to Sam Crawford. Cobb intentionally spiked third baseman Frank "Home Run" Baker on his bare hand during the play‚ prompting howls of protest from the A's. A's manager Connie Mack complained to AL president Ban Johnson about Cobb's dirty play, and Cobb received a warning from Johnson.
August 28: The Tigers beat New York, 2–1. The first six New York batters reached base safely‚ and two crossed the plate‚ but only one run counted. Engel hit a leadoff single and stayed on first base when Chase chopped a ball in the air and Engel thought it was a pop up. Engel was tagged out. Four more singles drove in one run but the Knight was called back to third base when a hit ball touched an umpire. Ty Cobb had a single‚ double, and triple for Detroit.
September 2: Detroit beat Boston‚ 8–5‚ and completed a sweep of every series against visiting Eastern teams‚ winning their 14th game in a row. The Tigers regained first place by a half game.
September 13: Ty Cobb hit his major league leading ninth home run in a 10–2 Detroit win over the Browns. All of Cobb's home runs in 1909 were inside-the-park. He was the only player in the 20th century to lead the league in home runs without hitting one out of the park. Only Sam Crawford (12 in 1901) hit more inside-the-park home runs in a year.
September 18: Before 35‚409 in Philadelphia‚ the largest paid baseball attendance ever‚ the A's Chief Bender beat Detroit's Bill Donovan, 2–0, to keep the A's in the pennant race. The A's were 14–8 against Detroit in 1909‚ setting an AL record for most wins against the pennant winner.
September 21: Detroit was shut out by Walter Johnson, 2–0.
September 25: The Tigers swept the Highlanders in a double header, 2–1 and 10–4. During the second game, Detroit manager, Hughie Jennings, discovered that the Yankees were stealing the catcher's signs, using a telescope and sending signals to the batter by moving a crossbar in a hat advertisement in center field. Jennings sent the team trainer to investigate. The trainer destroyed the crossbar. In the off-season, the AL announced that a manager or player responsible for sign-tipping would be banned from the league for all time.
Season standings
Record vs. opponents
Roster
Player stats
Batting
Starters by position
Note: Pos = Position; G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
Other batters
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
Note: pitchers' batting statistics not included
Pitching
Starting pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
Other pitchers
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
Postseason
World Series summary
The Tigers faced the Pittsburgh Pirates‚ winners of 110 games‚ in the World Series. The Series matched AL batting champion Ty Cobb against NL batting champion Honus Wagner. Detroit gave up 18 stolen bases in 7 games to the Pirates.
In Game 1, 27-year-old rookie Babe Adams faced George Mullin. There were only 11 hits in the game‚ but Fred Clarke's home run led the Pirates to a 4–1 win.
In Game 2, Tigers' pitcher Bill Donovan led the team to a 7–2 win. Ty Cobb stole home as the Tigers scored three runs in the third inning.
In Game 3, the Pirates won, 8–6, behind three hits, three runs batted in and three stolen bases by Honus Wagner. Nick Maddox was the winner over Ed Summers.
In Game 4, George Mullin pitched a 5-hit shutout for Detroit, a 5–0 victory. Ty Cobb drove in two runs with a double. Mullin struck out ten batters, and the Pirates committed six errors.
In Game 5, Pirates' rookie Babe Adams threw his second complete-game victory, an 8–4 win. Sam Crawford hit a home run and a double, but Fred Clarke's three-run home run gave the win to Pittsburgh.
In Game 6, George Mullin led the Tigers to a 5–4 win. The World Series would go to a seventh game for the first time.
In Game 7, the Pirates won, 8–0, as Babe Adams got his third complete game victory of the 1909 World Series. Adams was the only rookie pitcher in the 20th century to win a World Series Game 7. (John Lackey did it in 2002.) Fred Clarke walked four times, and Honus Wagner drove in two runs. The Pirates and Tigers combined for 34 errors (18 by the Tigers), a World Series record.
Postseason player stats
Batting
Note: G = Games played; AB = At bats; H = Hits; Avg. = Batting average; HR = Home runs; RBI = Runs batted in
Pitching
Note: G = Games pitched; IP = Innings pitched; W = Wins; L = Losses; ERA = Earned run average; SO = Strikeouts
The Cuban tour
In November 1909, a group of players from the 1909 Tigers (not including Ty Cobb or Sam Crawford) toured Cuba and played 12 exhibition games against two integrated Cuban teams, Habana and Almendares. The Cuban-American Major League Clubs Series drew wide attention in Cuba, where baseball was already very popular. Demonstrating the high level of play in Cuba, the Tigers lost 8 of the 12 games to the integrated Cuban baseball teams. To take advantage of the interest in the tour of the American baseball players, the Cabañas Company printed a series of baseball cards showing the members of the Almendares, Habana and Detroit baseball teams.
The Detroit roster, from a game played on November 18, 1909, consisted of the following players: Davy Jones, Charley O'Leary, George Moriarty, Matty McIntyre, Boss Schmidt, George Mullin, Heinie Beckendorf, Bill Hopke and W. Lelivelt. In that game, Cuban pitcher, Eustaquio "Bombin" Pedroso no hit the Tigers for 11 innings‚ finally winning‚ 2–1. The only run for Detroit came on an error in the 7th inning. A squeeze bunt against Bill Lelivelt in the 11th inning scored the winner. A collection was taken up for Pedroso and fans‚ including several Tigers‚ contributed 300 dollars.
Awards and honors
League leaders
Donie Bush:MLB walks leader (88)
Donie Bush:sacrifice hits leader (88)
Donie Bush:MLB games played leader (157)
Ty Cobb: MLB batting title (.377)
Ty Cobb: MLB batting triple crown
Ty Cobb: MLB on-base percentage leader (.431)
Ty Cobb: MLB slugging percentage leader (.517)
Ty Cobb: MLB on-base plus slugging leader (.948)
Ty Cobb: AL runs leader (116)
Ty Cobb: MLB: hits leader (216)
Ty Cobb: AL total bases leader (296)
Ty Cobb: MLB home runs leader (9)
Ty Cobb: MLB RBI leader (107)
Ty Cobb: MLB stolen base leader (76)
Ty Cobb: MLB runs created leader (126)
Sam Crawford: AL doubles leader (35)
Sam Crawford: MLB extra base hits leader (55)
George Mullin: MLB wins leader (29)
George Mullin: AL win percentage leader (.784)
Players ranking among Top 100 all time at position
The following members of the 1909 Detroit Tigers are among the Top 100 of all time at their position, as ranked by The New Bill James Historical Baseball Abstract in 2001:
Donie Bush: 51st best shortstop of all time
Hughie Jennings: 18th best shortstop of all time
Ty Cobb: 2nd best center fielder of all time
Sam Crawford: 10th best right fielder of all time
Notes
References
Baseball-Reference.com 1909 Detroit Tigers Regular Season Statistics
BaseballLibrary 1909 Detroit Tigers Season Summary
Baseball-Reference.com 1909 World Series Statistics, Box Scores and Play by Play
Charlton's Baseball Chronology 1909
Detroit Tigers seasons
Detroit Tigers season
American League champion seasons
Detroit Tigers
1909 in Detroit |
72159925 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen%20Moves%20Camp | Ellen Moves Camp | Ellen Moves Camp, (born 1931) was an Oglala woman who played a critical role in activism for Indians in America. Her name became prevalant in history when Dick Wilson, a chairman elected to oversee their reservation, started heavily persecuting the Native Americans that lived there. Moves Camp and other full-blood elders started to rally their peers and supporting groups such as the American Indian Movement (AIM) to stand up against the government. After further oppression, they met at Calico hall where multiple older women including Moves Camp urged the men to act, and planned a siege at Wounded Knee known as the Wounded Knee Occupation. This siege drew a lot of public attention, and through it, those at Pine Ridge were able to receive funding and support throughout trials and movements made from then on. Moves Camp died in 2008 at the Pine Ridge reservation after dedicating years of her life to raising awareness for her people and instilling movement into those around her.
Early life
Ellen Moves Camp was a full-blooded member of the Oglala Sioux tribe (Oglala Lakota) residing in the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation in South Dakota. She was also a leader of the Oglala Sioux Civil Rights Organization (OSCRO). There are many accounts of the high moral character she held before and after stepping into such an active role in her communities fight for respect and autonomy. She witnessed the increasing involvement of the United States government with her home of Pine Ridge Indian reservation specifically and how this came to impact her and her people.
Activism
Moves Camp and Richard Wilson
In the 1972 election Ellen Moves Camp was a supporter of Richard "Dick" Wilson, trusting him to lead the Pine Ridge reservation. This is primarily because throughout his campaign he made false promises of money and security. He wore his hair long and feigned support of the American Indian Movement only to buzz it shortly after his election. Moves Camp greatly regretted her advocacy for Wilson when, following his election, he revealed his tyrannical ways.
Once elected, Wilson created a band of men titled Guardians of the Oglala Nation, or the GOON squad who were incredibly violent to anyone on the reservation who expressed any opposition to Wilson. Wilson claimed that their purpose was to protect, but the GOON squad was dangerous and oppressive, known for damaging property and arresting people for minor reasons. Moves Camp shared that those in the reservation felt a need to carry guns with them due to the lack of protection. Moves Camp and her tribe experienced a time where hospitalization wasn't uncommon, and she recalled houses being burnt down. In a strange twist of irony, Pine Ridge full-bloods like Ellen Moves Camp united with the members of the American Indian Movement because of Wilson. Needing numbers and strength, Moves Camp and her peers joined forces with AIM members to protest Wilson as he became increasingly and openly opposed to both groups. The leaders of Pine Ridge officially decided to team up with AIM members following an FBI raid on Calico Hall after they were given a false lead about weapons being stored there. Despite the risk that AIM members sometimes held, those in Pine Ridge decided to work together to fight the cruel practices of Wilson and the Bureau of Indian Affairs.
Calico Hall
Alongside Gladys Bissonette and other older women from Pine Ridge, Moves Camp spoke at a meeting held in the community center called Calico Hall in protest of Richard Wilson, as he had banned the AIM organization from meeting on the reservation. These older women, known as the "Grandmas of the American Indian Movement (AIM)", called for meetings with AIM members to discuss the next course of action. They brainstormed the idea to take a stand at Wounded Knee, the same location as the previous massacre in 1890. This idea was one had by the women, as they were noted to be the true force pushing for movement. At this event, Ellen Moves Camp and Gladys Bissonette compelled the Lakota citizens in attendance to step up and fight back against the mistreatment they were experiencing. They expressed to their people that they believed that as a tribe, they had "forgotten how to fight". These efforts by Moves Camp to rally hundreds of Indians to Wounded Knee led to a lot of publicity raised on behalf of the Native Americans. While there were many movements around that time that were creating a foundation for this movement, Calico Hall definitely started a movement that gave the public ears to listen, and the Indians a chance to speak.
Wounded Knee Occupation
The Wounded Knee Occupation, known as the "Second Wounded Knee", began in February 1973 and lasted for 71 days. It consisted of many Native Americans, namely members of AIM or those led by Oglala chiefs, who met at Wounded Knee in protest of maltreatment at the hands of Dick Wilson. They were quickly surrounded by the FBI and Wilsons GOON squad. Moves Camp played a huge role in urging the AIM leaders to act, and inspiring others to join their cause. Moves Camp also stayed an active part of the siege, greeting newcomers warmly in the midst of such uncertainty, helping to deliver a baby, and driving a get-away car for longtime AIMs leader Dennis Banks. In addition to these roles, Moves Camp also played a primary negotiator with government leaders. This movement is what gained so much media attention, and led to the trials where Native American voices were heard.
Trials
Throughout the Wounded Knee Occupation, many individuals present were arrested and to be tried in court. In 1974 AIMs leaders Dennis Banks and Russell Means were some of the first of seven leaders to be tried on charges of conspiracy on behalf of many who were involved in the Wounded Knee Occupation and the Indian movement. The trial took nine months as Means' and Banks' defense fought against allegations of criminal activity while simultaneously catching the public eye with the experience and maltreatment of the Native Americans. One of the biggest disruptions of this long trial was a result of a surprise witness, Louis Moves Camp. Louis, or Louie, was the son of Ellen Moves Camp, and made claims that he had been a first-hand witness to them committing multiple alleged crimes despite him not being in town for most of them. Ellen Moves Camp arrived soon thereafter and was quickly upset, causing a huge scene that got her arrested. She knew her son wasn't telling the truth and suspected that he was being coerced by the FBI to testify rehearsed lies, which was later revealed to be true. Upon arriving, Ellen Moves Camp marched across the courtroom towards her son in hysterics, begging him to stop.
Moves Camp was then forced out of the courtroom, arrested, and fainted as members of AIMs rushed to her aid. She was later reported to have talked with and apologized to Judge Fred Nichol, explaining that she had been upset by her son's lies and insisted he didn't sound like himself. Recovered from this incident, Ellen Moves Camp later was cross examined where she denied seeing weapons in the village and stuck to her word that she had never noticed any even after being shown pictures. This notedly shook Moves Camp's credibility which was later used against their case, ending her documented direct involvement in the trials.
Family
Ellen Moves Camp has six children, five sons and one daughter. Her sons are Sam, Vern, Louis, Jim, and Mike Moves Camp, and her daughter is Germaine Moves Camp. Moves Camp also had several siblings, including Louie Winters, Willard Winters, Eugene Winters, and Lucille Schaffer. She was reported to have 34 grandchildren and 39 great-grandchildren at the time of her death in 2008.
Death
Ellen Moves Camp continued to serve and improve her Sioux and Oglala community up until her death in 2008. She died at the Bennett County Health Care Center in South Dakota on April 5, 2008.
Impact
Ellen Moves Camp is seen to have had a significant impact in various spheres of activism: as a member of OSCRO, recruiting AIM, rallying at Calico Hall, and supporting the Wounded Knee Occupation. Moves Camp's involvement in AIM encouraged the Oglala to stand up against the mistreatment of their people at the hands of the U.S. government and its elected officials. In addition to this, AIM and Moves Camp's contributions to the movement marked a rise in both attention to and progression of Indian activism and civil rights to a level higher than had been seen in previous years. The role that Moves Camp played in the Wounded Knee Occupation and related activism efforts influenced the way that civil rights regarding Native Americans was viewed during this time of United States history. Through these organisations as well as her service at the Wounded Knee Occupation, Ellen Moves Camp was able to influence the way that situations between the government and the Sioux played out and resolved. She stood as an example and an influence for good in her community and in the way her nation fit into, and shaped, history.
References
1931 births
2008 deaths
20th-century Native Americans
Native American activists |
14936626 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurie%20Sawle | Laurie Sawle | Lawrence Michael Sawle (19 August 1925 – 26 July 2022) was an Australian first-class cricketer and administrator for the Australia national cricket team.
Sawle was born in East Fremantle, Western Australia, in August 1925. He served in the 7th Australian Infantry Battalion during the Second World War. He enlisted in January 1944 and served until July 1946. He saw action on Bougainville.
He played for Western Australia from 1954–55 to 1960–61 as a patient opening batsman. His highest score was 109 not out, when he led the successful struggle to save the Sheffield Shield match against New South Wales in 1955–56.
Sawle had a distinguished career as state selector from 1961–62 to 1979–80, then as a senior WACA administrator, director of the Australian Cricket Board and chairman of selectors for the national team from 1994 to 1997. In his state selector role, Sawle partnered with Allan Edwards and Wally Langdon during the Western Australian team's most successful years. He managed the Australian cricket team in England in 1989, when Australia regained The Ashes.
Sawle worked as a school teacher. He was awarded the AM in 1992 for service to cricket administration, and also received the Australian Sports Medal, the Centenary Medal and the ICC Volunteer Recognition Medal. He and his wife had three children. He died in Perth on 26 July 2022, at the age of 96.
References
External links
1925 births
2022 deaths
Australian Army personnel of World War II
Australian cricket administrators
Australian cricketers
Australian schoolteachers
Cricketers from Fremantle
Members of the Order of Australia
Recipients of the Australian Sports Medal
Western Australia cricketers
Australia national cricket team selectors
Military personnel from Western Australia |
69389702 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zs%C3%B3ka%20Ga%C3%A1l | Zsóka Gaál | Zsóka Gaál (born 2 May 2007) is a Hungarian chess player who holds the title of Woman International Master (WIM). She was the 2021 online World Youth Champion in the under-14 girls' division. She had finished runner-up to Eline Roebers a year earlier. She was also a European Youth Champion in 2016 in the under-10 girls' division. Gaál earned the Woman International Master title in 2021 at 14 years and 2 months old. Her coaches are Gábor Papp and Tamás Bánusz, both of whom hold the title of Grandmaster (GM) and are also from Hungary.
References
Living people
2007 births
Hungarian female chess players
Hungarian chess players
People from Ajka |
6562187 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott%20Oden | Scott Oden | Scott Oden (born June 24, 1967) is an American writer best known for his historical novels set in Ancient Egypt and Ancient Greece. His work imitates the styles and themes of the 1930s pulps, most notably the historical fiction and fantasy of Texan author Robert E. Howard.
Biography
Oden was born in Columbus, Indiana in 1967. He graduated from Albert P. Brewer High School in 1985 and attended John C. Calhoun State Community College in Decatur, Alabama, where he studied English and History. Oden began writing at the age of 14, and his first published work was a role-playing game called "Rogue Warrior" in 1986—only memorable, Oden says, for the artwork supplied by a teen-aged Cully Hamner.
Oden's breakthrough novel was 2005's Men of Bronze. It was followed in 2006 by Memnon and in 2010 with The Lion of Cairo, which mixed pulp-style action and sorcery with Crusader politics in Fatimid Egypt.
Oden returned in June 2017 with his critically acclaimed “Orc novel”, A Gathering of Ravens — the first in a projected trilogy of stand-alone novels featuring the savage orc Grimnir. The second book, Twilight of the Gods, appeared in February 2020.
Influences
Oden identifies his writing influences as J. R. R. Tolkien, H. P. Lovecraft, Robert E. Howard, Mary Renault, Harold Lamb, Karl Edward Wagner, and Steven Pressfield.
Bibliography
Novels
Men of Bronze (June 2005, Medallion Press, )
Memnon (August 2006, Medallion Press, )
The Lion of Cairo (December 2010, Thomas Dunne Books, )
A Gathering of Ravens (June 2017, Thomas Dunne Books)
Twilight of the Gods (February 2020, St. Martin's Press)
Short stories
"Theos Khthonios" (2011, in Lawyers in Hell)
"Amarante: A Tale of Old Tharduin" (2012, self-published)
"Sanctuary" (2012, self-published)
”Xenia in the Court of the Winds” (2017, in A Sea of Sorrow: A Novel of Odysseus)
“A Shadow of Vengeance” (2019, serialized in Marvel's Savage Sword of Conan, issues #1-#12)
“Conan Unconquered” (2019, included in Conan Unconquered Deluxe Edition from Funcom)
Non-fiction
“Introduction” (2011, Sword Woman and Other Historical Adventures by Robert E. Howard)
“An Empire of Ghosts and Smoke” (2021, Robert E. Howard Changed My Life, edited by Jason M. Waltz)
References
External links
1967 births
Living people
21st-century American novelists
American historical novelists
American male novelists
Novelists from Indiana
Writers of historical fiction set in antiquity
21st-century American male writers |
27091079 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jim%20Cudworth | Jim Cudworth | James Alaric Cudworth (August 22, 1858 – December 21, 1943) was a 19th-century American professional baseball player. Nicknamed "Cuddy", he played for the Kansas City Cowboys of the Union Association in 1884.
External links
1858 births
1943 deaths
Major League Baseball first basemen
Kansas City Cowboys (UA) players
19th-century baseball players
Bay City (minor league baseball) players
Brockton (minor league baseball) players
Lowell Magicians players
Lowell Chippies players
Worcester Grays players
New Haven (minor league baseball) players
New Haven Nutmegs players
Providence Clamdiggers (baseball) players
Lowell Lowells players
Lowell (minor league baseball) players
Manchester (minor league baseball) players
Boston Reds (minor league) players
Haverhill (minor league baseball) players
Minor league baseball managers
Baseball players from Massachusetts |
32681928 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giles%20Earle%20%28politician%29 | Giles Earle (politician) | Giles Earle (1678 – 20 August 1758), was a British Army officer and politician who sat in the House of Commons for 32 years from 1715 to 1747. He had a reputation as a wit.
Early life
Earle came from a family resident at Eastcourt, Crudwell, near Malmesbury, Wiltshire. He was the sixth son of Sir Thomas Earle, MP and mayor of Bristol, and his wife Elizabeth Ellinor Jackson, daughter of Joseph Jackson. He was admitted at Middle Temple in 1692. He was the brother of Joseph Earle. Earle's father bequeathed him the lands of Crudwell in 1696. He married Elizabeth Lowther, widow of William Lowther and daughter of Sir William Rawlinson, serjeant-at-law, by licence dated 20 May 1702.
He joined the army and was a captain in the 33rd Foot in 1702, and captain in the Royal Horse Guards from 1711 to 1717. He served under John, the second duke of Argyll, who was distinguished both in war and in politics. Earle was commissary of musters in Spain in 1711 and commissary-general of provisions in Spain in 1711 and at Minorca from 1712 to 1717.
Political career
On the accession of George I Earle entered into political life, and was elected Member of Parliament for Chippenham at the 1715 general election. Earle's connection to the Duke of Argyle had lasted for twenty years, and was so marked that Sir Robert Walpole, in a letter written in 1716, styled him 'the Duke of Argyll's Earle'. Through his intimacy with the Duke of Argyll, who was Groom of the Stole to the Prince of Wales, he exerted himself in the autumn of 1716 in promoting addresses of congratulation from Gloucestershire and the adjacent counties to the prince on his success as regent during the absence of George I in Hanover. He voted against the government in 1717 and in consequence lost his post in Minorca. However, for his services in support of the Prince of Wales, he was rewarded in 1718 with the post of Groom of the bedchamber to the Prince of Wales. He resigned this position in 1720, when public differences broke out between the prince and his father, and took a post under the Duke of Argyll as Clerk of Board of Green Cloth.
At the general election of 1722 Earle stood for Parliament at Malmesbury where he was defeated in the poll, but seated on petition on 13 December 1722. He was returned unopposed at the 1727 general election and through Walpole became chairman of committee of privileges and elections. In 1728 was made a commissioner of Irish revenue. He was returned unopposed again for Malmesbury at the 1734 general election. In 1737, he replaced Sir George Oxenden when Oxenden was deprived of his lordship of the treasury and he retained its emoluments until 1742. His readiness to do the minister's bidding ingratiated him with Walpole, to whom he was an acceptable companion although he was personally unpopular.
Lord Chesterfield, when Walpole's fall seemed probable, wrote, with allusion to Earle, that "the court generally proposes some servile and shameless tool of theirs to be chairman of the committee of privileges and elections. Why should not we therefore pick out some whig of a fair character and with personal connections to oppose the ministerial nominee?". These tactics were adopted. The ministry proposed Earle, though some thought that his unpopularity would have led to the selection of another candidate, and the opposition proposed Dr Lee. The struggle came off on 15 December 1741, when Earle was beaten by four votes, polling 238 to 242 for his opponent. Earle's name then dropped out of sight. He was defeated in a contest at Malmesbury at the 1747 general election.
Reputation
Earle's sordid nature and broad jokes were the subject of universal comment, and his jests are said to have been "set off by a whining tone, crabbed face, and very laughing eyes". Two dialogues between "G——s E——e and B——b D——n" (Earle and Bubb Dodington) were published, one in 1741 and the other in 1743; the former, written by Sir C. Hanbury Williams, conveyed a "lively image of Earle's style and sentiments", and in both of them the shameless political conduct of this pair of intriguers was vividly displayed. Three of Earle's letters to Mrs Howard, afterwards the Countess of Suffolk, are in the Suffolk Letters. Lady Mary Wortley Montagu speaks of him as 'a facetious gentleman, vulgarly called Tom Earle. ... His toast was always "God bless you, whatever becomes of me"'.
Family
Earle died at his seat, Eastcourt House, Crudwell, on 20 August 1758, aged 80. He had issue Eleanor and William Rawlinson. The latter, who was also a member of parliament and a placeman, died in 1774, aged 72, and was buried near his sister in the vault of his grandfather at Hendon, Middlesex. A monument in Crudwell Church records the names of Giles Earle and his descendants to 1771.
References
Attribution
1678 births
1758 deaths
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
British MPs 1715–1722
British MPs 1722–1727
British MPs 1727–1734
British MPs 1734–1741
British MPs 1741–1747 |
31441723 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Hunt%20Painter | William Hunt Painter | William Hunt Painter (16 July 1835 – 12 October 1910) was an English botanist who made a significant contribution to the science of Derbyshire vascular plant flora. He was a keen and wide-ranging collector of plant specimens, and was a member of the Botanical Exchange Club. In 1889 he published the first in a series of four books, all by different authors and spanning 120 years, all called The Flora of Derbyshire.
Life
William Hunt Painter was born in Aston, near Birmingham, on 16 July 1835. He was the eldest of five born to William, a haberdasher, and his wife Sarah, born Hawkes. His early career was in banking before he decided to join the Church of England. In 1861 he was staying in Chelsea, where he was a lay preaching assistant. Painter attended the Church Missionary Society College, Islington, where he would expect to be sent abroad by the Church Mission Society, but he ended up as a curate in Barbon in Westmoreland. It was here that he met (Rev) Robert Wood, who introduced him to botany.
In 1865, Painter became curate at High Wycombe, where he met James Britten, who had already published his first paper and was working in the herbarium for Kew Gardens. Despite Britten's emerging Catholic beliefs, the two would walk and talk together whilst indulging their interest in botany. Painter married Jane Stamps in 1871. In 1881 he and his wife were living in Bedminster, Somerset, where he was a curate.
Painter did much useful work on the flora of Derbyshire, publishing a lengthy paper in 1881, with supplementary notes in 1889. Together these formed the basis of Contributions to the Flora of Derbyshire, which was reviewed by the bryologist James Eustace Bagnall. Painter published a supplement to his work in The Naturalist, which indicated that he wanted to improve it. Bagnall was an acknowledged expert on mosses and was to publish a similar work to Painter's on the Flora of Warwickshire.
In 1891, Painter was a curate at Biddulph in Staffordshire. Then in 1894, he was appointed Rector of Stirchley in Shropshire. The rectory was modernised for his arrival, but his stay there was remembered for the maintenance he undertook on the church and buildings.
Whilst staying in Falmouth in the spring of 1898, Painter took up the study of mosses. From that time on they became the focus of his botanical interests. By travelling and swapping specimens he was able to write papers on the mosses of Derbyshire, Brecon, Falmouth and Cardiganshire. Painter remained in Stirchley until 1909, when his botanical and geological specimens were presented to University College, Aberystwyth before he retired to Shrewsbury. Painter died the following year and was buried in his church in Stirchley. On his death, the English Churchman said "[T]he Church of England has lost a faithful and devoted minister who was ever jealous for the maintenance of its Protestant principles".
William Hunt Painter donated his herbarium to the University College, Aberystwyth, but there are also significant specimen plants at Kew and Oxford, in the Department of Botany at Aberdeen, the Natural History Museum in London, the University of Birmingham, the National Botanic Garden at Dublin, the Derby Museum and Art Gallery, the University of Glasgow, the Hancock Museum at Newcastle upon Tyne, Kew, Manchester Museum, Cardiff and Oxford.
Fumaria painteri
Painter was a keen collector and a member of the Botanical Exchange Club. There are few plants that are only found in Britain. One of the plants on this list is possibly Fumaria painteri or Painter's Fumitory. This flower has only been found twice, in 1905 and 1907, and in both cases it was found by Painter.
Plants of this description are not rare, as they occur naturally as hybrids, but the question is whether the discovered versions are fertile or merely another sterile hybrid. A search in 2006 determined that a new specimen had been found in 2005 but the experts failed to agree on the identification.
See also
A. R. Clapham
William Richardson Linton
References
1835 births
1910 deaths
People from Birmingham, West Midlands
English botanists
19th-century British botanists
19th-century English Anglican priests
Alumni of the Church Missionary Society College, Islington |
29008764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingyun | Ingyun | Ingyun is a village in Kale Township, Kale District, in the Sagaing Region of western Burma.
References
External links
Maplandia World Gazetteer
Populated places in Kale District
Kale Township |
15887470 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euville | Euville | Euville () is a commune in the Meuse department in Grand Est in north-eastern France.
See also
Euville light railways
Communes of the Meuse department
Parc naturel régional de Lorraine
References
Communes of Meuse (department) |
55907506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nationalist%20Party%20of%20Peru | Nationalist Party of Peru | Nationalist Party of Peru may refer to:
Nationalist Party of Peru (Eguiguren), a political party in Peru, founded by Luis Antonio Eguiguren
Nationalist Party of Peru (Revilla), a political party in Peru, founded by Clemente Revilla
Peruvian Nationalist Party |
21292983 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20United%20States%20of%20Tara%20episodes | List of United States of Tara episodes | The following is a list of episodes from the Showtime original television series United States of Tara, created by Academy Award–winning screenwriter Diablo Cody and executive produced by Steven Spielberg. The series premiered on January 18, 2009 and aired its thirty-sixth and final episode on June 20, 2011.
Series overview
Episodes
Season 1 (2009)
Season 2 (2010)
Season 3 (2011)
References
External links
Official United States of Tara Website
United States of Tara at the Internet Movie Database
Lists of American comedy-drama television series episodes
Lists of American LGBT-related television series episodes |
56214467 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandanus%20fanningensis | Pandanus fanningensis | Pandanus fanningensis is a species of flowering plant in the family Pandanaceae, native to the island of Tabuaeran (Fanning Island) in the Line Islands.
References
fanningensis
Flora of the Line Islands
Plants described in 1974
Flora without expected TNC conservation status |
22086553 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linthstrasse | Linthstrasse | Linthstrasse is a stadium in Tuggen, Canton Schwyz, Switzerland. It is currently used for football matches and is the home ground of FC Tuggen. The capacity is 2,800 spectators, with 300 seats and 2,500 standing places.
See also
List of football stadiums in Switzerland
References
External links
FC Tuggen site
sportfotos.ch profile
Stadionwelt photos
Football venues in Switzerland
Buildings and structures in the canton of Schwyz
Tuggen |
58217388 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dgen-d%C5%8D | Kōgen-dō | is a former Korean province, one of the administrative divisions of Korea under Japanese rule, with its capital at Shunsen (present day Chuncheon, South Korea). The province consisted of what are now the Kangwon and Gangwon provinces of North Korea and South Korea respectively.
Population
Number of people by nationality according to the 1936 census:
Overall population: 1,529,071 people
Japanese: 15,019 people
Koreans: 1,513,276 people
Other: 776 people
Administrative divisions
The following list is based on the administrative divisions of 1945:
Counties
Shunsen (春川) - (capital): Chuncheon (춘천).
Rintei (麟蹄): Inje (인제).
Yōkō (楊口): Yanggu (양구).
Waiyō (淮陽): Hoeyang (회양).
Tsūsen (通川): Tongcheon (통천).
Kōjō (高城): Goseong (고성).
Jōyō (襄陽): Yangyang (양양).
Kōryō (江陵): Gangneung (강릉).
Sanchoku (三陟): Samcheok (삼척).
Utchin (蔚珍): Uljin (울진). present Uljin County in North Gyeongsang Province.
Seizen (旌善): Jeongseon (정선).
Heishō (平昌): Pyeongchang (평창).
Neietsu (寧越): Yeongwol (영월).
Genshū (原州): Wonju (원주).
Ōjō (橫城): Hoengseong (횡성).
Kōsen (洪川): Hongcheon (홍천).
Kasen (華川): Hwacheon (화천).
Kinka (金化): Gimhwa (김화).
Tetsugen (鐵原): Cheorwon (철원).
Heikō (平康): Pyeonggang (평강).
Isen (伊川): Icheon (이천).
Provincial governors
The following people were provincial ministers before August 1919. This was then changed to the title of governor.
See also
Provinces of Korea
Governor-General of Chōsen
Administrative divisions of Korea
Gangwon (historical province)
Gangwon Province (South Korea)
Kangwon Province (North Korea)
Notes
References
Korea under Japanese rule
Former prefectures of Japan in Korea |
62981478 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincenzo%20Pirrotta | Vincenzo Pirrotta | Vincenzo Pirrotta (born 1942) is a biologist known for his work on Drosophila and polycomb group proteins. Born in Palermo, Italy, Pirotta migrated to the United States and enrolled at Harvard University. While at Harvard, he obtained undergraduate, graduate, and postdoctoral fellowships in physical chemistry and molecular biology. He later moved to Europe where he began studying gene regulation in bacteriophages and Drosophila (fruit flies). He was appointed assistant professor at the University of Basel in 1972. Pirotta returned to the United States, earning a full professorship at the Baylor College of Medicine in 1992. He then took up the position of professor of zoology at the University of Geneva in 2002, and in 2004 became a distinguished professor of molecular biology and biochemistry at Rutgers University.
Research
Pirrotta is known for his genetic work on Drosophila (fruit flies). He primarily studies polycomb group proteins (PcG), which he began studying when he moved to Geneva University. Polycomb group proteins are protein complexes that change the shape of chromatin, which causes heritable phenotypical changes in offspring. They do not cause a change in the DNA sequence. The polycomb group proteins along with the trithorax group () repress and activate Hox genes. Pirrotta studied how response elements of PcG and TrxG effect how the silent and active chromatin are inherited in Drosophila melanogaster. He has also previously worked on identifying recombinant mutations marked by the hs-neo gene.
References
Living people
Harvard University alumni
1942 births
Scientists from Palermo
American biologists
American expatriates in Switzerland
Academic staff of the University of Basel
Academic staff of the University of Geneva
Rutgers University faculty
Italian expatriates in Switzerland
People of Sicilian descent |
56414938 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2018%20Thai%20League%203%20Upper%20Region | 2018 Thai League 3 Upper Region | 2018 Thai League 3 Upper Region is the 2nd season of the Thai football league. It is a part of the Thai League 3 and the feeder league for the Thai League 2. A total of 14 teams will compete in the league this season, after Amnat United and Phayao withdrew before the season started.
Changes from Last Season
Team changes
Promoted Clubs
Three clubs were promoted from the 2017 Thai League 4
JL Chiangmai United
Chiangrai City
Marines Eureka
Muangkan United
Two clubs were promoted to the 2018 Thai League 2
Khonkaen
Udon Thani
Relegated Clubs
A club was relegated to the 2018 Thai League 4 Northern Region
Singburi Bangrajun
A club was relegated from the 2017 Thai League 2
Bangkok
Withdrawn Clubs
Amnat United and Phayao were taking a 2-years break. This team is automatically banned 2 years, don't get subsidy and relegated to 2020 Thai League 4 Northern Region for Phayao, 2020 Thai League 4 North Eastern Region for Amnat United.
Teams
Stadium and locations
Foreign players
A T3 team could registered five foreign players by at least one player from AFC member countries and at least one player from ASEAN member countries. A team can use four foreign players on the field in each game, including at least one player from the AFC member countries or ASEAN member countries (3+1).
Note :: players who released during summer transfer window;: players who registered during summer transfer window;↔: players who have dual nationality by half-caste or naturalization.
League table
Positions by round
Results by round
Results
Season statistics
Top scorers
As of 25 August 2018.
Hat-tricks
Attendance
Attendance by home match played
Source: Thai League 3
See also
2018 Thai League
2018 Thai League 2
2018 Thai League 3
2018 Thai League 4
2018 Thai FA Cup
2018 Thai League Cup
2018 Thai League 3 Lower Region
References
Club licensing document passed
External links
Thai League 3
thailandsusu.com
smmsport.com
Thai League 3
2018 in Thai football leagues |
57799566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harlan%20Ellison%20bibliography | Harlan Ellison bibliography | This is a list of works by Harlan Ellison (1934–2018). It includes his literary output, screenplays and teleplays, voiceover work, and other fields of endeavor.
Novels and novellas
Web of the City (1958) (originally published as Rumble)
The Man With Nine Lives (1960) (revised and reprinted in 2011 under the author's preferred title The Sound of a Scythe)
Spider Kiss (1961) (originally published as Rockabilly)
Doomsman (1967) (re-issued under the author's preferred title Way of an Assassin in the collection Rough Beasts)
A Boy and His Dog (1969) (made into a film)
The Starlost #1: Phoenix Without Ashes (1975) (adaptation by Edward Bryant of Ellison's TV pilot script)
All the Lies That Are My Life (1980) (later included in the author's 1980 collection Shatterday)
Run for the Stars (1991) (a 1957 novella here republished in a preferred text edition as part of a Tor Double)
Mefisto in Onyx (1993) (later included in the author's 1997 collection Slippage)
Blood's a Rover (2018, Subterranean Press) (a "fix-up" novel, consisting of "Eggsucker" and "Run Spot, Run", two short stories, as well as A Boy and His Dog and an unproduced teleplay from the 1970s, entitled "Blood's a Rover")
Short-story collections
The Deadly Streets (1958)
Sex Gang (1959) (as by Paul Merchant)
A Touch of Infinity (1960)
Children of the Streets (1961) (originally published as The Juvies)
Gentleman Junkie and Other Stories of the Hung-Up Generation (1961)
Ellison Wonderland (1962) (also published as Earthman, Go Home!) Ellison calls his home in Sherman Oaks, California "Ellison Wonderland."
Paingod and Other Delusions (1965)
I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream (1967)
From the Land of Fear (1967)
Love Ain't Nothing But Sex Misspelled (1968)
The Beast that Shouted Love at the Heart of the World (1969)
Over the Edge (1970)
Partners in Wonder (1971) (collaborations with 14 other writers)
Approaching Oblivion (1974)
Deathbird Stories (1975)
No Doors, No Windows (1975)
Strange Wine (1978)
Shatterday (1980) (reissued 2007 by Edgeworks Abbey/Tachyon Publications)
Stalking the Nightmare (1982)
Angry Candy (1988)
Mind Fields (1994) (33 stories inspired by the art of Jacek Yerka)
Slippage (1997)
Troublemakers (2001) (collection produced for the Young Adult market and featuring, for the most part, previously collected material)
Pulling a Train (2012)
Rough Beasts (2012)
Getting in the Wind (2013)
Honorable Whoredom at a Penny a Word (2013)
Again, Honorable Whoredom at a Penny a Word (2014, Edgeworks Abbey)
The Top of the Volcano: The Award-Winning Stories of Harlan Ellison (2014, Subterranean Press)
8 in 80 (2014)
Can & Can'tankerous (2015)
Retrospectives and omnibus collections
Alone Against Tomorrow: a 10-Year Survey (1971) (published in the UK in two volumes as All the Sounds of Fear (1973) and The Time of the Eye (1974))
The Fantasies of Harlan Ellison (1979) (contains "Paingod and Other Delusions" (1965) and "I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream" (1967))
The Essential Ellison: a 35-Year Retrospective (1987) (edited by Terry Dowling with Richard Delap and Gil Lamont)
Dreams With Sharp Teeth (1991) (contains "I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream" (1967), Deathbird Stories (1975) and Shatterday (1980))
Edgeworks. 1 (1996) (contains "Over the Edge" (1970) and "An Edge in My Voice" (1985))
Edgeworks. 2 (1996) (contains "Spider Kiss" (1961) and "Stalking the Nightmare" (1982))
Edgeworks. 3 (1997) (contains "The Harlan Ellison Hornbook" (1990) and "Harlan Ellison's Movie" (1990))
Edgeworks. 4 (1997) (contains Love Ain't Nothing But Sex Misspelled (1968) and The Beast That Shouted Love at the Heart of the World (1969))
The Essential Ellison: a 50-Year Retrospective Revised & Expanded (2001) (edited by Terry Dowling with Richard Delap and Gil Lamont)
The Glass Teat Omnibus: The Glass Teat and The Other Glass Teat (2011) (published by Charnel House, a handmade book published in a very limited edition; includes a February 2011 audio recording of Ellison reading "Welcome to the Gulag", a new introduction written for this updated publication of his essays on and criticism of television.)
The Top of the Volcano: The Award-winning Stories of Harlan Ellison (2014)
Fingerprints On the Sky: The Authorized Harlan Ellison Bibliography, The Illustrated Reader's Guide edited by Tim Richmond (2015) Subterranean Press
Note
The White Wolf Edgeworks Series was originally scheduled to consist of 31 titles reprinted over the course of 20 omnibus volumes. Although an ISBN was created for Edgeworks. 5 (1998), which was to contain both Glass Teat books, this title never appeared. The series is notorious for its numerous typographical errors.
Nonfiction
Memos from Purgatory (1961)
The Glass Teat (1970) (essays of opinion on television, 1968–1970)
The Other Glass Teat (1975) (further essays of opinion on television, 1970–1972)
The Book of Ellison (1978) (edited by Andrew Porter)
Sleepless Nights in the Procrustean Bed (1984) (edited by Marty Clark)
An Edge in My Voice (1985)
Harlan Ellison's Watching (1989) (reissued 2008 by M Press)
The Harlan Ellison Hornbook (1990)
Harlan Ellison's Endlessly Watching (2014, Edgeworks Abbey)
Editorials
Star Trek (May 1987; The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction)
The End of Horror (January 1991; The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction)
Television plays
Published/produced screenplays and teleplays
The Oscar, with Clarence Greene and Russell Rouse, from the novel by Richard Sale.
Phoenix Without Ashes (original, unaired and unaltered, Writers Guild of America Award-winning teleplay), published in Faster Than Light (1975, Harper & Row), alongside original stories by George R.R. Martin and Ben Bova, and reprints by Isaac Asimov.
I, Robot (1994), (based on stories by Isaac Asimov, illustrated by Mark Zug)
The City on the Edge of Forever (1996), (Star Trek episode, original screenplay, with commentary. For an in-depth review of this book see. This script was also published in Six Science Fiction Plays (1976) edited by Roger Elwood)
Harlan Ellison's Movie (1990), (unproduced feature-length screenplay serialised in Ellison's weekly newspaper column The Harlan Ellison Hornbook and collected in the omnibus volume Edgeworks. 3 (1996))
Flintlock (unproduced Harlan Ellison teleplay) (1987), (unproduced pilot teleplay for a proposed 1972 TV series based on James Coburn's character in Our Man Flint, published in both editions of the retrospective volume The Essential Ellison (1987, 2001))
The Whimper of Whipped Dogs (1975), (teleplay produced in the TV series The Young Lawyers, serialised in Ellison's weekly newspaper column The Glass Teat and collected in The Other Glass Teat (1975); unrelated to Ellison's later 1973 short story, "The Whimper of Whipped Dogs")
The Whimper of Whipped Dogs (unfinished screenplay based on Ellison's 1973 short story of the same title as, but completely unrelated to the Young Lawyers teleplay referenced above; three treatments of the opening sequence were published in the June 1988 issue of The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction and later appeared in Harlan Ellison's Watching (1989))
Soldier, produced for The Outer Limits in 1964; published alongside the short story on which it was based in his 1967 collection From the Land of Fear.
Crazy as a Soup Sandwich, produced for The Twilight Zone in 1989; published in his 1997 collection Slippage.
Nackles, written for The Twilight Zone, an adaptation of a Donald E. Westlake story written, but never produced, in 1985, published in The Twilight Zone Magazine in 1986 and in a limited edition of Slippage which was published Mark Ziesing in 1997.
Memo from Purgatory, produced for The Alfred Hitchcock Hour in 1964, Soldier, produced for The Outer Limits in 1964, Demon With a Glass Hand, produced for The Outer Limits in 1964, Paladin of the Lost Hour, produced for The Twilight Zone in 1985, Crazy as a Soup Sandwich produced for The Twilight Zone in 1989, and The Face of Helene Bournouw, produced for The Hunger in 1998, were all published in Brain Movies: The Original Teleplays of Harlan Ellison, Volume One, published by Edgeworks Abbey/Publishing 180 in 2011.
Killing Bernstein, written, but unproduced, for Darkroom, 1982, Deeper Than the Darkness, retitled "A Knife in the Darkness", produced for Cimarron Strip in 1968, Mealtime, retitled "The Price of Doom", produced for Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea in 1964, The Sort of Do-It-Yourself Dreadful Affair, produced for The Man From U.N.C.L.E. in 1966, The Pieces of Fate Affair, produced for The Man From U.N.C.L.E. in 1967, and Phoenix Without Ashes, the pilot for The Starlost that was rewritten and retitled as "Voyage of Discovery", produced in 1973, are all collected in Brain Movies: The Original Teleplays of Harlan Ellison, Volume Two, published by Edgeworks Abbey/Publishing 180 in 2011.
None of the Above, an adaptation of the Norman Spinrad novel Bug Jack Barron, written for director Costa-Gavras in the early 1980s, published by Edgeworks Abbey in November 2012.
Cutter's World, an original, two-hour 1987 pilot teleplay for a western-tinged science fiction series for CBS, that was to have been directed by Roger Corman, Who Killed Alex Debbs?, a script that was produced for the hit 1960s show, Burke's Law, the initial outline for Demon with a Glass Hand, and The Ship That Kills, an unproduced story outline for a 1974–1975 Depression-era series called The Manhunter, starring Ken Howard, are collected in Brain Movies Vol. 3, published by Edgeworks Abbey and available from HarlanEllisonBooks.com.
Brillo, an unproduced, two-hour teleplay pilot, written in collaboration with Ben Bova, for ABC, Who Killed Purity Mather?, written and produced for Burke's Law, and Jeffrey's Being Quiet, written for Sixth Sense, are collected in Brain Movies Vol. 4, published by Edgeworks Abbey and available from HarlanEllisonBooks.com.
The Dark Forces, an unproduced pilot, written for NBC, Who Killed Andy Zygmunt?, written and produced for Burke's Law, Where Do the Elephants Go to Die?, written and produced for Ripcord, an unproduced teleplay for The Rat Patrol as well as outlines for Batman and Logan's Run are collected in Brain Movies Vol. 5, published by Edgeworks Abbey and available from HarlanEllisonBooks.com.
Brain Movies: The Original Teleplays of Harlan Ellison, Volume One (2013, Edgeworks Abbey)
Brain Movies: The Original Teleplays of Harlan Ellison, Volume Two (2013, Edgeworks Abbey)
Brain Movies: The Original Teleplays of Harlan Ellison, Volume Three (2013, Edgeworks Abbey)
Brain Movies: The Original Teleplays of Harlan Ellison, Volume Four (2013, Edgeworks Abbey)
Brain Movies: The Original Teleplays of Harlan Ellison, Volume Five (2013, Edgeworks Abbey)
See also The Starlost #1: Phoenix without Ashes (1975), the novelization by Edward Bryant of the teleplay for the pilot episode of The Starlost, which includes a lengthy afterword by Ellison describing what happened during production of the series.
Anthologies edited by
Dangerous Visions (1967) (also issued as a three-volume paperback edition)
Again, Dangerous Visions (1972) (also issued as a two-volume paperback edition)
Medea: Harlan's World (1985)
The Last Dangerous Visions (unpublished)
Collections edited by
Nightshade and Damnations by Gerald Kersh (1968) (also introduction)
Jacques Futrelle's "The Thinking Machine": The Enigmatic Problems of Prof. Augustus S. F. X. Van Dusen, PhD, LL. D., F. R. S., M. D., M. D. S. by Jacques Futrelle (2007 (also introduction)
Selected short stories
"A Boy and His Dog"
"Adrift Just Off the Islets of Langerhans: Latitude 38° 54' N, Longitude 77° 00' 13" W"
"The Beast that Shouted Love at the Heart of the World"
"The Deathbird"
"The Diagnosis of Dr. D'arqueAngel"
"The Dragon on the Bookshelf"
"From A to Z, in the Chocolate Alphabet"
"Grail"
"I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream" – made into a CD-ROM PC video game I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream in 1995.
"Jeffty Is Five"
"Knox"
"The Prowler in the City at the Edge of the World"
""Repent, Harlequin!" Said the Ticktockman" – One of the most frequently reprinted stories in the English language and the second most frequently anthologized sf story
"Shatterday" – adapted as an episode of the 1980s revival of The Twilight Zone
"Shattered Like a Glass Goblin"
"Soldier From Tomorrow" – adapted by Ellison in his script for the Outer Limits episode "Soldier". The film The Terminator had sufficient similarities to the story that later prints of the film acknowledge Ellison.
"Try a Dull Knife"
"The Whimper of Whipped Dogs"
"How's the Night Life on Cissalda?"
"Paladin of the Lost Hour"
"The Man Who Rowed Christopher Columbus Ashore" – included in the Best American Short Stories anthology for 1993
Comics adaptations of works by Ellisons
Harlan Ellison's Dream Corridor, Vol. One, collecting the comic book series Dream Corridor, was published by Dark Horse Comics in 1996, artwork and adaptations by various artists and wrietrs, and based on previously published short fiction by Ellison. Each issue had included one original short story.
Harlan Ellison's Dream Corridor, Vol. Two was published by Dark Horse Comics in association with Edgeworks Abbey, Ellison's own imprint, in 2007. Artwork and adaptations by various artists and baed on previous short fiction. This contained material not originally published in the original Dream Corridor series.
Phoenix Without Ashes was published by IDW as a comic book.
Note
Stories originally contained in the Dream Corridor series, based on paintings by artists.
"Midnight in the Sunken Cathedral" (Paintings by Stephen Hickman and Michael Whelan)
"Pulling Hard Time" (Painting by Sam Raffa)
"Anywhere But Here, With Anyone But You" (Painting by Leo and Diane Dillon)
"Chatting with Anubis" (Painting by Jane McKenzie)
"The Museum on Cyclops Avenue" (Painting by Ron Brown)
Original graphic novels
Harlan Ellison's 7 Against Chaos, hardcover graphic novel by DC Comics, with illustrations by Paul Chadwick and coloring by Ken Steacy was published in July 2013 (based on Ellison's original treatment for the first Star Trek motion picture
Other comics
In addition to the many adaptations of his work, as well as original Ellison stories for the graphic novel format, Ellison also wrote many comic book scripts for series such as Daredevil, Avengers, Detective Comics, and several stories for various comic book anthology series.
Video games
I Have No Mouth, and I Must Scream
Memoirs
On an edition of Public Radio International's arts and culture series Studio 360 broadcast on May 30, 2008, Ellison announced that he had signed with a "major publisher" to produce his memoirs, under the tentative title Working Without a Net. That title first appeared in the television show Babylon 5, for which Ellison was a creative consultant: in the episode "TKO" (originally broadcast in 1994), the fictional character Susan Ivanova is seen reading and laughing at a book entitled Working Without a Net by Harlan Ellison in 2258. Ultimately, Ellison chose author Nat Segaloff to write his biography and sat down for several hours of interviews, with the understanding that Ellison would have no veto over what would be in the book. That book, A Lit Fuse: The Provocative Life of Harlan Ellison, was published on July 14, 2017, by NESFA Press.
Current publications
The print-on-demand publishers Edgeworks Abbey and Open Road publish works by Ellison.
I Have No Mouth & I Must Scream was included in American Fantastic Tales, volume II (from the 1940s to now), edited by Peter Straub and published by the Library of America in 2009. The Best American Mystery Stories of the Century edited by Tony Hillerman and Otto Penzler (Houghton Mifflin, 2000) included Ellison's "The Whimper of Whipped Dogs."
In October 2010, a special hardcover collection Unrepentant: A Celebration of the Writings of Harlan Ellison (Garcia Publishing Services, 2010) was issued by MadCon, a convention in Wisconsin at which Ellison was the guest of honor. In addition to including "How Interesting: A Tiny Man" (previously published in "Realms of Fantasy" magazine,) it also included "'Repent, Harlequin! Said the Ticktockman", "Some Frightening Films of the Forties" (a never before reprinted essay,) an illustrated bibliography of Ellison's fiction books by Tim Richmond, an article by Robert T. and Frank Garcia on Ellisons television work, an appreciation/essay by Dark Horse Comics publisher Michael Richardson, an article about Deep Shag's audio recordings of Ellison speaking engagements by Michael Reed, a 6-page B&W gallery of covers by Leo and Diane Dillon, a two-page Neil Gaiman-drawn cartoon and an official biography.
In March 2011, Subterranean Press released an expanded edition of Deathbird Stories featuring new introductory material, new afterwords and three additional stories (the never-before-collected "From A to Z, in the Sarsaparilla Alphabet", together with "Scartaris, June 28th", and "The Man Who Rowed Christopher Columbus Ashore").
In November 2011, Edgeworks Abbey (Ellison's personal publishing arm) and Spectrum Fantastic, published a pocket-sized gift book entitled Bugf#ck: The Useless Wit & Wisdom of Harlan Ellison. It contains quotes on writing, sex, politics, love and war, as well as pertinent excerpts from his short stories, and a handful of personal photographs of the author. In December 2011, Edgeworks Abbey began publishing original collections and retrospectives in two different series: the Brain Movies series (which contain teleplays from Ellison's award-winning career as a screenwriter) and the Harlan 101 series (which contain reprints, and original, unpublished stories and essays, and serve as an introduction to Ellison's writings). December 1, 2011 saw the simultaneous publication of four books: Brain Movies: Volume One, Brain Movies: Volume Two, Harlan 101: Encountering Ellison, and The Sound of a Scythe and Three Brilliant Novellas.
In May 2012, Kicks Books published Pulling a Train, the first of two reprints of early writings by Ellison, originally published in pulp magazines and in paperbacks for the crime fiction market. Simultaneously, the publisher of "Deep Shag" Records released "On the Road With Ellison, Volume Six".
In October 2012, Kicks Books published Getting in the Wind, the second half of a reissue of stories originally published as Sex Gang, under Ellison's Paul Merchant pseudonym in the 1950s.
In November 2012, Edgeworks Abbey published None of the Above, an unproduced screenplay adaptation (written for director Costa-Gavras) of Norman Spinrad's novel, Bug Jack Barron, and Rough Beasts, seventeen never-before-collected pulp stories from the 1950s.
In April 2013, Hardcase Crime – publishers of original and reprint paperback crime fiction – published a reprint of Web of the City.
In May 2013, Edgeworks Abbey published Brain Movies: Volume Three and Brain Movies: Volume Four, two further collections of Ellison's teleplays, including two unproduced pilots.
In July 2013, DC Comics published, in hardcover, Harlan Ellison's 7 Against Chaos, illustrated by Paul Chadwick.
In November 2013, Edgeworks Abbey and HarlanEllisonbooks.com published, Brain Movies: Volume Five, including a treatment for an unproduced episode of Batman, an unproduced, original teleplay, "The Dark Forces", and several others. Also published was Honorable Whoredom at a Penny A Word which is another collection – similar to Getting in the Wind, etc. – that collects Ellison's older, earlier fiction, written when he was learning his craft. This book collects stories written for men's magazines, "confessionals" and other digests of the pulp era, such as "The Golden Virgin", "Scum Town" and "They Killed My Kid!".
Edgeworks Abbey released four volumes in 2014: 8 in 80 by Ellison edited by Susan Ellison, Again, Honorable Whoredom at a Penny a Word, Brain Movies: Volume Six, and Harlan Ellison's Endlessly Watching.
In 2014, Subterranean Press published The Top of the Volcano: The Award-Winning Stories of Harlan Ellison, collecting twenty-three of Ellison's Nebula, Hugo, Bram Stoker, Edgar, Best American Short Story and Locus-Award-winning short fiction.
In December 2015, Subterranean Press published Can & Can'tankerous, containing previously uncollected short stories by Harlan Ellison.
Voice acting
Audiobooks
Harlan! Harlan Ellison Reads Harlan Ellison – released 1976, Alternate World Recordings
Blood!: The Life and Future Times of Jack the Ripper – Alternate World Recordings, 1977
On the Road with Ellison Volume 1 – released 1983, reissued 2001 on Deep Shag Records
Twenty Thousand Leagues under the Sea by Jules Verne – Dove Audio, 1996
The Titanic Disaster Hearings: The Official Transcripts of the 1912 Senate Investigation by Tom Kuntz (Audio Literature, June 1998)
Mars by Ben Bova, NewStar, 1999
Return to Mars by Ben Bova, NewStar, 1999
The Voice From the Edge, Vol.1: I Have No Mouth and I Must Scream – released 1999 on Fantastic Audio and Audible.com 2011
A Wizard of Earthsea by Ursula K. Le Guin, Audio Adventures, 2001
City of Darkness by Ben Bova, Fantastic Audio, 2001
The Voice From the Edge, Vol.2: Midnight in the Sunken Cathedral – released 2001 on Fantastic Audio, and Audible.com 2011
Demons by John Shirley – Recorded Books, 2002
Ender's Game by Orson Scott Card – Audio Renaissance, 2004
On the Road with Ellison Volume 2 – released 2004 on Deep Shag Records
The Stonehenge Gate by Jack Williamson – Blackstone Audio, January 2006
On the Road with Ellison Volume 3 – released 2007 on Deep Shag Records
Through the Looking-Glass by Lewis Carroll – Blackstone Audio, November 2008
The Voice From the Edge, Vol. 3: Pretty Maggie Moneyeyes – released 2009 on Blackstone Audio and Audible.com 2011
More Than Human by Theodore Sturgeon – Blackstone Audio, 2010
On the Road with Ellison Volume 4 – released 2010 on Deep Shag Records
On the Road with Ellison Volume 5 – released 2011 on Deep Shag Records
The Voice From the Edge, Vol. 4: The Deathbird & Other Stories – Audible.com 2011
The Voice From the Edge, Vol. 5: Shatterday & Other Stories – Audible.com 2011
On the Road with Ellison Volume 6 – released 2012 on Deep Shag Records
Honeymoon in Hell by Fredric Brown – Blackstone Audio, March 2014
Night Ride, and Other Journeys by Charles Beaumont – Blackstone Audio, April 2014
Untouched by Human Hands by Robert Sheckley – Blackstone Audio, March 2015
On the Road with Ellison Volume 7 – released 2018 on Deep Shag Records
Television
Mother Goose and Grimm (1991–92)
The Pirates of Dark Water (1992–1993)
Phantom 2040, episode "A Boy and His Cat" (1994)
Space Cases (1996–97)
Babylon 5(1996–1998)
Scooby-Doo! Mystery Incorporated, episodes "The Shrieking Madness" (2010) and "Come Undone" (2013) (as himself)
The Simpsons, episode "Married to the Blob" (2014) (as himself)
Documentary
In 2007, Dreams with Sharp Teeth received its first public screening at the Writers Guild Theatre in Los Angeles. The documentary about Ellison and his work was written and directed by Erik Nelson with archival footage of Ellison. It was released on DVD by New Video Group on May 26, 2009. Ellison's last public appearance in his hometown was in September 2007 for the Midwestern debut of the documentary at Cleveland Public Library.
References
Ellison, Harlan |
1605981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cummins%20B%20Series%20engine | Cummins B Series engine | The Cummins B Series is a family of diesel engines produced by American manufacturer Cummins. In production since 1984, the B series engine family is intended for multiple applications on and off-highway, light-duty, and medium-duty. In the automotive industry, it is best known for its use in school buses, public service buses (most commonly the Dennis Dart and the Alexander Dennis Enviro400) in the United Kingdom, and Dodge/Ram pickup trucks.
Since its introduction, three generations of the B series engine have been produced, offered in both inline-four and inline-six configurations in multiple displacements.
General engine features
The B-series features engine bores machined directly into the block (rather than the wet liners used on earlier Cummins engines). It is also set apart by the use of a shallow one-piece head, requiring closer tolerances than in other Cummins products. Unlike other diesel engines of the time; the B-series Cummins used direct injection and did not need glow plugs. The engine was first manufactured in Rocky Mount, North Carolina, and other plants were later added in Mexico, Brazil, Turkey, and Darlington, UK.
Every Cummins powered Dodge Pickup (since initial production in 1989) has come equipped with a turbocharger. It uses a gear-drive camshaft for extra reliability. Also specified is a deep-skirt engine block and extra-strong connecting rods. A Holset turbocharger is used. The original B Series was updated with 24 valves and an electronic engine management system to become the ISB in 1998.
Engine specifications
B Engine
3.9L
The 3.9L 4B/4BT/4BTA Cummins is categorized under the B Engine family alongside the 5.9L 6B/6BT/6BTA Cummins diesel engines. The 3.9L is an inline four-cylinder naturally aspirated (4B) or turbodiesel (4BT/4BTA) that was popular for many step van applications, including bread vans and other commercial vehicles. Additionally it has seen broad usage in agricultural equipment. It has also gained popularity as an engine swap into smaller trucks and SUVs.
4B
The lowest powered, naturally aspirated 3.9L Cummins, the 4B, produces . This variant is most commonly found in equipment such as generators and wood chippers.
4BT
The 4BT is one of two turbocharged variants of the 3.9L B-Series engine. It contains two valves per cylinder for a total of eight. The most common output of this variant is 105 horsepower.
4BTA
The 4BTA is the updated version of the 4BT, also turbocharged, containing four valves per cylinder for a total of sixteen. The most common output of this variant is 170 horsepower.
5.9L
The 5.9L Cummins, also known as the "12-Valve" Cummins was the first member of the Cummins B-Series to be used in a light truck vehicle. The 6BT used Bosch fuel systems, injector, and VE rotary pump and P7100 inline injection pumps. Some early 6BTs were supplied with CAV rotary pumps instead, before the Bosch system became the sole standard. This engine started life in 1984 designed as an agricultural engine, for use in Case agricultural equipment.
After 1989, the 6BT engine was used in light duty, medium duty and select heavy duty trucks and buses. The 6BT engine has recently become very popular for use in repowering various vehicles.
6B
The 6B is the naturally aspirated version of the 6BT with the power output of between 150 and 173 hp and with the compression ratio of 19:1.There were no automotive 6B engines.
6BT
Appearing in the 1989–1998 Dodge Ram pickup truck, it became a popular alternative to the large gasoline V8 engines normally used in full-size pickup trucks, since it produced torque at low engine RPM, and achieved significantly better fuel mileage. Due to the direct fuel injection, the 6BT has no glowplugs.
6BTA
ISB Engine
4.5L ISB
The 4.5L ISB is essentially a four-cylinder, two-thirds version of the 6.7L ISB rated at , used in the New Routemaster, a series hybrid diesel-electric doubledecker bus in London.
5.9L ISB
The ISB (Interact System B) is one of the largest straight-six engines used for light truck vehicles and school buses, and the improved high output 600 version was on the Ward's 10 Best Engines list for 2004.
One unusual feature of the ISB is that it is a multi-valve pushrod engine design, with four valves per cylinder (popularly referred to as the "24-Valve" Cummins). The engine displaces , with a cylinder bore and piston stroke. A turbocharger is used to increase the output in the high-compression (17.2:1 in recent versions) diesel. It is an all-iron engine with forged steel connecting rods, an assembled camshaft, and a cast aluminum intake manifold. The engine is produced in Columbus, Indiana.
The ISB uses electronically controlled Bosch fuel systems, unlike the 6BT systems which were mechanical. Early ISB engines utilize Bosch injectors and a Bosch VP44 high pressure pump. Later ISB designs have common rail fuel injection, Bosch injectors, and a Bosch CP3 high pressure pump.
Dodge Ram ISB
Midway through model year 1998, the Dodge Ram switched from the 6BT to the ISB to meet updated emissions requirements. Like other ISB's, these engines started out using the Bosch VP44 rotary injection pump. The VP44 setup meant that timing and fuel could be precisely controlled, which led to cleaner emissions. However, VP44 failure rates were higher than the older P7100 injection pump. The compression ratio in these engines was 17.2:1. The 1998–2000 ISB was rated at and when equipped with the 47RE automatic transmission. The 1998–2000 ISB was rated at and when equipped with a manual transmission. For the 2001–2002 years, a standard output and a high output ISB Cummins engine were offered. The standard output, which was the same as the previous engines was rated to and when equipped with either a manual transmission or automatic. The high output ISB was rated at and , with only a NV5600 six-speed manual transmission available. The high output engine was different in a few ways from the standard output engine; it had higher compression (17.3:1), powdered metal valve seat inserts, a larger flywheel, the Bosch fuel system was reworked to allow higher fuel flows, and fuel-injection timing was altered.
Dodge Ram ISB CR
For the 2003 model year, the Cummins was introduced with Bosch high pressure common rail fuel injection, again increasing power output. On automatic equipped vehicles, the 47RE was upgraded internally to increase durability and torque capacity, now known as the 48RE. The 2003 rating for the Dodge truck was released at and . Midway through the 2004 model year, the Cummins 600 was introduced, producing at 2,900 rpm and at 1,600 rpm. This engine was noticeably quieter than the previous engines.
6.7 ISB
The 6.7L ISB is the latest version of the B Series. It is currently the largest straight-six engine produced for a light duty truck, school bus. It produces and in the 2007.5 and newer Dodge 2500/3500 pickup trucks with the Chrysler-built six-speed 68RFE automatic transmission built at the Kokomo Transmission plant in Kokomo, Indiana. Engine torque is slightly reduced with the Mercedes G56 6-speed manual transmission at and . The 2007 and newer 3500 Cab & Chassis trucks only get the and version of the B6.7, whether it has the Aisin AS68RC or the Mercedes G56 6-speed manual transmission. As for the 2008 4500/5500 medium duty Chassis Cabs or the Sterling Bullet Trucks, they receive the and version of the B6.7, whether it has the Aisin AS68RC or the Mercedes G56 6-speed manual transmission. Late model 2011 Ram trucks produce and , with the exhaust brake rating boosted from to .
For 2020 this engine has been updated to produce 400 hp and 1000 ft-lb torque.
It is also used in the Blue Bird Vision, Thomas Saf-T-Liner C2, and IC CE school buses and BMC Procity city buses
Changes over the 5.9L ISB
There are many changes over the previous 5.9L ISB for the Dodge truck, the most obvious being the larger displacement. The 6.7 ISB had an increase of cylinder bore and piston stroke to , respectively, thereby giving a displacement of .
With the 6.7L ISB came the introduction of the Variable Geometry Turbocharger (VGT). The VG Turbocharger was introduced to reduce turbo lag by adjusting the vanes by sliding a steel ring in the exhaust housing dependent on engine RPM creating more or less pressure inside the exhaust housing and controlling the speed of the turbocharger. It also works as an integrated exhaust brake system and is all controlled by an electronic actuator on the turbocharger. This VGT system has been an extremely common issue with the 6.7L ISB and is typically diagnosed by the loss of the trucks exhaust brake.
QSB Engine
5.9 QSB
The 5.9L QSB (Quantum System B) is an off-road, heavy duty version of the ISB. Typically used in marine, agricultural, and construction applications, these engines share many of the same parts as the ISB and utilize the same Bosch fuel system.
Fuel system
Mechanical injection with mechanical timing
In the earlier models of the Cummins B-Series Engine, it was almost entirely mechanical including its fuel system. The fuel pump used in these engines was the Bosch P7100 injection pump, this pump is driven off the camshaft gear and drives its own internal camshaft to inject fuel to the individual injectors. This pump itself was one of the most popular options for fueling for the B-Series Engines because of this simplistic design and how reliable it was. The P7100 injection pump also allows for large amounts of fuel to be delivered into the system with simple tweaking to the system to allow for larger injection events.
Mechanical injection with electronic timing
In the later models of B-Series Engine, the fuel system was switched from mechanical injection and timing to mechanical injection with electronic timing. This was all thanks to Bosch's new VP44 radial distributor injection pump. The VP44 injection pump is driven at half the camshaft speed and produces an injection pressure of up to .
Mechanical injection with electronic timing and common rail pressurization
The most recent method of fuel injection used in Cummins B Series engines is electronically controlled common-rail injection. It has been used in Cummins B Series engines and the B-Series based NEF engine since 2003.
References
Chrysler engines
Cummins diesel engines
Diesel engines by model
Straight-six engines |
30391110 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential%20Doppler%20effect | Differential Doppler effect | The Differential Doppler effect occurs when light is emitted from a rotating source.
In circumstellar environments it describes the difference in photons arriving at orbiting dust particles. Photons that originate from the limb that is rotating away from the particle are red-shifted, while photons emitted from the limb rotating toward the particle are blue-shifted.
See also
Yarkovsky effect
Poynting–Robertson effect
Radiation pressure
Doppler effect
References
Doppler effects
Astrophysics |
67303645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2020%20NCAA%20Division%20I%20women%27s%20volleyball%20tournament | 2020 NCAA Division I women's volleyball tournament | The 2020 NCAA Division I women's volleyball tournament began on April 14, 2021, and concluded on April 24 at the CHI Health Center Omaha in Omaha, Nebraska. The tournament field was announced on April 4, 2021. Typically held in the fall, this edition of the tournament was held in the spring due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Kentucky beat Texas in the final to claim the first national volleyball championship not only for Kentucky, but also for its home of the Southeastern Conference.
Tournament schedule and venues
First round, second round and Regional semifinals (April 14, 15 and 18)
CHI Health Center Omaha (Convention Center), Omaha, Nebraska (Host: University of Nebraska)
Regional Finals, National semifinals and championship (April 19, 22 and 24)
CHI Health Center Omaha (Arena), Omaha, Nebraska (Host: University of Nebraska)
All games were played at the CHI Health Center Omaha. Twelve courts were built in the Convention Center portion of the building, 8 for practices and 4 for games. Attendance was limited to 80 people per game for the first and second rounds, mostly consisting of team family members. Additional fans were admitted as teams went home. Games moved from the convention center to the CHI Health Center Omaha arena for the Regional Finals, semifinals, and National Championship.
Qualifying teams
Automatic qualifiers
The following teams automatically qualified for the 2020 NCAA field by virtue of winning their conference's tournament. Only 30 conference champions received automatic qualifiers after the Big West Conference and Ivy League chose not to have a 2020 fall or 2021 spring season. This was the first tournament appearance for North Carolina A&T and Utah Valley.
Tournament seeds
Bracket
Top Left Regional
Schedule
First round
Second round
Regional semifinals
Due to BYU's "No Sunday Play" policy, the BYU regional semifinal was moved to April 17.
Regional final
Bottom Left Regional
Schedule
First round
Second round
Regional semifinals
Regional final
Top Right Regional
Schedule
First round
Second round
Regional semifinals
Regional final
Bottom Right Regional
Schedule
First round
Second round
Regional semifinals
Regional final
Final four
National semifinals
National Championship
Final Four All-Tournament Team
Madison Lilley – Kentucky (Most Outstanding Player)
Alli Stumler – Kentucky
Avery Skinner – Kentucky
Brionne Butler – Texas
Logan Eggleston – Texas
Samantha Drechsel – Washington
Devyn Robinson – Wisconsin
Media coverage
For the first time ever all matches will air on the ESPN Family of networks. Rounds 1 and 2 will stream on ESPN3. Initially ESPN didn't plan to provide commentators for these rounds. After criticism from fans and coaches they changed course and announced they would provide commentary for the first two rounds. The regional semifinals will have select matches on ESPN2 and ESPNU with the remainder on ESPN3. All regional finals will air on ESPN2 or ESPNU, ESPN will carry the semifinals, and ESPN2 will carry the National Championship.
First & Second Rounds
Mike Monaco (Court 1 Afternoon)
Courtney Lyle (Court 1 Evening)
Matt Schick (Court 2 Afternoon)
Sam Gore (Court 2 Evening)
Sam Ravech (Court 3 Wed. Afternoon)
Eric Frede (Court 3 Thurs. Afternoon)
Tyler Denning (Court 3 Evening)
Alex Perlman (Court 4 Afternoon)
Paul Sunderland (Court 4 Evening)
Regional semifinals & Regional Finals
Eric Frede and Katie George (Court 1 Sun. Afternoon)
Courtney Lyle and Missy Whittemore (Court 3 Sun. Afternoon, Mon. Afternoon)
Paul Sunderland and Salima Rockwell (Court 1 Sun. Evening, Mon. Evening)
Tyler Denning and Jenny Hazelwood (Sat., Court 3 Sun. Evening)
Semifinals & National Championship
Paul Sunderland, Salima Rockwell, and Holly Rowe
Records by Conference
The R32, S16, E8, F4, CM, and NC columns indicate how many teams from each conference were in the Round of 32 (second round), Round of 16 (third round), quarterfinals (Elite Eight), semi-finals (Final Four), Championship Match, and National Champion, respectively.
The following conferences failed to place a team into the round of 32: America East, Big East, Colonial, MAAC, Missouri Valley, Northeast, Patriot, Southern, Southland, SWAC, Summit, and the WAC. The conference's records have been consolidated in the other row.
Notes
References
2020–21 NCAA Division I women's volleyball season
2020 in women's volleyball
April 2021 sports events in the United States
2020
Volleyball in Nebraska
Sports competitions in Nebraska
Women's sports in Nebraska |
66507064 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elli%20Smula | Elli Smula | Elli Smula (1914–1943) was a Berlin tram conductor who was arrested in September 1940. She was accused of seriously compromising the Berlin Transport Authority (BVG) by failing to report for work after going out drinking with female fellow workers. Like her colleague Margarete Rosenberg, she was detained by the Gestapo in the prison on Alexanderplatz. BVG had received complaints that some of their female employees were taking their colleagues home, encouraging them to consume alcoholic drinks and involving them in lesbian sexual relationships. The following November both women were transferred to the Ravensbrück Concentration Camp where Smula "suddenly died" on 8 July 1943.
Biography
Born in the Charlottenburg district of Berlin on 10 October 1914, Elli Smula was the daughter of Martha Smula who worked as a housemaid in Hohenlychen, Uckermark. She and her brother Willi were born out of marriage with the result that when her father was killed in World War I, her mother received no pension. The family later moved to Berlin.
In July 1940, as a result of the absence of male workers during World War II, Smula was engaged to work for the Berlin Transport Authority (BVG) as a tram conductor in the Treptow district. The following September both she and Rosenberg were arrested by the Gestapo and taken to the Alexanderplatz prison. They were subsequently each interrogated on at least four occasions by the Gestapo unit responsible for homosexuality. The reason for their detainment was that the BVG had received complaints that women conductors from Treptow had been involved in lesbian intercourse after taking their colleagues back to their apartments and encouraging them to drink. As a result, there were disruptions in the tram service as the women were unable to report for work the following day. After her last interrogation on 10 October 1940, Smula remained in the Alexanderplatz prison until 30 November when, together with Rosenberg, she was transferred to the Ravensbrück Concentration Camp. Both were registered as lesbians although Smula's crime, like Rosenberg's, is thought officially to have been subversive conduct.
Some time during July 1943, her mother was informed by Ravensbrück of Elli Smula's very sudden death on 8 July 1943. No further explanations were given.
See also
Henny Schermann
Margarete Rosenberg
References
1914 births
1943 deaths
People who died in Ravensbrück concentration camp
People from Berlin
20th-century German LGBT people |
53310298 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Results%20breakdown%20of%20the%201987%20European%20Parliament%20election%20in%20Spain | Results breakdown of the 1987 European Parliament election in Spain | This is the results breakdown of the European Parliament election held in Spain on 10 June 1987. The following tables show detailed results in each of the country's 17 autonomous communities and in the autonomous cities of Ceuta and Melilla.
Electoral system
The 60 members of the European Parliament allocated to Spain as per the 1985 Treaty of Accession were elected using the D'Hondt method and a closed list proportional representation, with no electoral threshold being applied in order to be entitled to enter seat distribution. Seats were allocated to a single multi-member constituency comprising the entire national territory. Voting was on the basis of universal suffrage, which comprised all nationals over eighteen and in full enjoyment of their political rights. The use of the D'Hondt method might result in an effective threshold depending on the district magnitude.
The electoral law allowed for parties and federations registered in the interior ministry, coalitions and groupings of electors to present lists of candidates. Parties and federations intending to form a coalition ahead of an election were required to inform the relevant Electoral Commission within ten days of the election call. In order to be entitled to run, parties, federations, coalitions and groupings of electors needed to secure the signature of at least 15,000 registered electors; this requirement could be lifted and replaced through the signature of at least 50 elected officials—deputies, senators, MEPs or members from the legislative assemblies of autonomous communities or from local city councils. Electors and elected officials were disallowed from signing for more than one list of candidates.
Nationwide
Autonomous communities
Andalusia
Aragon
Asturias
Balearics
Basque Country
Canary Islands
Cantabria
Castile and León
Castilla–La Mancha
Catalonia
Extremadura
Galicia
La Rioja
Madrid
Murcia
Navarre
Valencian Community
Autonomous cities
Ceuta
Melilla
Congress of Deputies projection
A projection of European Parliament election results using electoral rules for the Congress of Deputies would have given the following seat allocation, as distributed per constituencies and regions (note that results are compared with party totals in the preceding general election—held in June 1986—for consistency):
Constituencies
Regions
References
1987
European Parliament |
3138494 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankie%20Evangelista | Frankie Evangelista | Francisco "Frankie" Fermin Evangelista (, alternately ; July 24, 1934 – February 18, 2004) was a Filipino newspaper columnist, radio and television broadcaster of Manila Chronicle (1956–1975), IBC (1975–1986), and ABS-CBN (1986–2004).
Early life and career
He was born Francisco Fermin Evangelista on July 24, 1934, in Gapan, Nueva Ecija, and his parents Rogelio Almojuela Evangelista and Jennifer Natividad Fermin. Evangelista began studying at the age seven he attend grade school in Gapan and moved to Quezon City, he was enroll in High School of Saint Joseph's College of Quezon City graduated in 1952 and he finished at the University of the Philippines Diliman as course offered in AB Communication and Journalism graduated in 1956. In 1957, he started out as to be a credible newscaster. He had a distinguished career in radio and his live coverage of special events was always competent. He became the voice that impelled errant government officials to shape up in the Hoy Gising! portion of Radyo Patrol.
Evangelista, also known as Ka Kiko (Ka being the shorter version for kapatid or sibling), had career within ABS-CBN that spanned the entire 50-year history of the network. First hired as a radio personality, he rose to become a vital force in ABS-CBN's television shows as well, with credits that include news (TV Patrol, Hoy Gising!) and even entertainment (as an executive producer on the pre-Martial Law comedy show Super Laff-In).
Mr. Evangelista was last seen on his ANC shows
Dateline Philippines and ANC News 3 PM, and was lastly heard on his DZMM talk show Hoy Gising. He appeared on the ABS-CBN 50th Anniversary documentaries Sa Mata ng Balita and Limampung Taong Ligawan.
Personal life
He was married to Patria Hipolito. They had 4 children (including: Maricar).
Death
Evangelista died at the age of 69 on February 18, 2004, of an undisclosed illness at the De Los Santos Medical Center. In a statement, ABS-CBN Vice-Chairman Jake Almeda-Lopez said of Mr. Evangelista's death, "The entire ABS-CBN family is saddened by the news about our friend Frankie. In a very true sense, he was one of the nicest fellows that I have met here in ABS-CBN. We were colleagues since before Martial Law, and he was one of the most professional of our broadcasters. ABS-CBN joins his family in this hour of grief."
Filmography
Film
Father en Son (1995)
References
"Outstanding radio personalities cited." Inquirer, December 25, 1999. https://web.archive.org/web/20090109014148/http://www.inquirer.net/saturday/dec99wk4/spc_3.htm (accessed on August 8, 2007).
1934 births
2004 deaths
People from Nueva Ecija
Filipino radio personalities
Filipino television news anchors
ABS-CBN News and Current Affairs people |
25471797 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows%20Desktop%20Gadgets | Windows Desktop Gadgets | Windows Desktop Gadgets (called Windows Sidebar in Windows Vista) is a discontinued widget engine for Microsoft Gadgets. Desktop Gadgets have been replaced by Windows 10 Taskbar Widgets. It was introduced with Windows Vista, in which it features a sidebar anchored to the side of the desktop. Its widgets can perform various tasks, such as displaying the time and date. In Windows Vista, the widgets are restricted to a sidebar but in Windows 7, they can be freely moved anywhere on the desktop.
Windows Desktop Gadgets was discontinued in Windows 8. The Windows 8 Live Tiles can perform a similar function, but they are only visible when the Start menu is visible. They run in a more restrictive environment, making them less risky, but also less useful for some purposes, like system monitoring.
History
Windows Sidebar originated in a Microsoft Research project called Sideshow (not to be confused with Windows SideShow.) It was developed in the summer of 2000, and was used internally at Microsoft. It included a clock, traffic reports, and IM integration.
Windows Sidebar appeared in build 3683 of Windows Vista circa September 2002 and was originally intended to replace the notification area and Quick Launch toolbar in Windows, but these plans were scrapped after the development reset in mid-2004. Windows Sidebar was rebuilt and began to appear in Windows Vista builds in the second half of 2005. Some reviewers and Macintosh enthusiasts have pointed out the Sidebar's similarities in form and function to Konfabulator (later Yahoo! Widget Engine), which appeared several years previously, and the Dashboard widget engine first included with Apple Inc.'s Mac OS X v10.4, which had been released a few months earlier.
In Windows 7, Windows Sidebar was renamed Windows Desktop Gadgets, and the sidebar itself was not included in Windows 7.
Windows Desktop Gadgets was included in all beta releases of Windows 8 but did not make it to the final release. Instead, on 10 July 2012 (which is in the intervening time between the last beta of Windows 8 and its final release), Microsoft issued security advisory to disable Sidebar and Desktop Gadgets on Windows Vista and 7 because of a security vulnerability that could allow remote code execution.
Overview
Windows Desktop Gadgets is a feature of Windows Vista and Windows 7 (excluding the Windows Server family of the operating system). It hosts mini-applications or "gadgets" which are a combination of scripts and HTML code. Their use cases include displaying system time, downloading and displaying RSS feeds, or controlling other software such as Windows Media Player. In Windows Vista, gadgets can run "docked" in the sidebar. In Windows 7, they can "float" anywhere on the desktop. It is also possible to run multiple instances of a gadget simultaneously. Windows Vista and 7 sidebar also works on Windows XP.
Windows Vista ships with eleven gadgets: Calendar, Clock, Contacts, CPU Meter, Currency Conversion, Feed Headlines, Notes, Picture Puzzle, Slide Show, Stocks, and Weather. Several other gadgets available during the Vista beta such as App Launcher, Feed Viewer, Number Puzzle, Recycle Bin and Egg Timer never made it to the final release of Windows Vista. Windows 7 adds a Media Center gadget and removes the Contacts, Notes and Stocks gadgets.
Originally, Microsoft provided a link to a web site called Windows Live Gallery where additional Sidebar gadgets that have been created by third-party developers could be downloaded. The site was officially retired on October 1, 2011.
See also
Microsoft Gadgets
Windows SideShow for Device Gadgets
Desk accessory
References
Further reading
External links
Gadget Corner — official Windows Sidebar and Microsoft Gadgets team blog
Windows Sidebar Reference on MSDN
Widget engines
Sidebar
Discontinued Windows components
el:Windows Vista#Πλευρική εργαλειοθήκη |
27576719 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nig%20Glacier | König Glacier | König Glacier () is a glacier, long and wide, flowing in a northerly direction from the north side of Neumayer Glacier to the head of Fortuna Bay, South Georgia. It was first surveyed in 1928–29 by a German expedition under Kohl-Larsen, who named it for Austrian mountaineer Felix König, who took part in the Second German Antarctic Expedition, 1911–12, under Wilhelm Filchner.
See also
List of glaciers in the Antarctic
Glaciology
References
Glaciers of South Georgia |
31209211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%20Sanfrecce%20Hiroshima%20season | 2002 Sanfrecce Hiroshima season | 2002 Sanfrecce Hiroshima season
Competitions
Domestic results
J. League 1
First stage
Second stage
Overall table
Emperor's Cup
J. League Cup
International results
Player statistics
Other pages
J. League official site
Sanfrecce Hiroshima
Sanfrecce Hiroshima seasons |
62671330 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320%20North%20Dakota%20Fighting%20Hawks%20men%27s%20ice%20hockey%20season | 2019–20 North Dakota Fighting Hawks men's ice hockey season | The 2019–20 North Dakota Fighting Hawks men's ice hockey season was the 79th season of play for the program and the 7th in the NCHC conference. The Fighting Hawks represented the University of North Dakota and were coached by Brad Berry, in his 5th season. The team won the Penrose Cup, the NCHC regular season championship, for the 3rd time. No postseason was played due to the outbreak of COVID-19.
Roster
As of September 8, 2019.
Standings
Schedule and Results
|-
!colspan=12 style=";" | Exhibition
|-
!colspan=12 style=";" | Regular Season
|-
!colspan=12 style=";" |
|- align="center" bgcolor="#e0e0e0"
|colspan=12|Tournament Cancelled
Scoring Statistics
Goaltending statistics
Rankings
Players drafted into the NHL
2020 NHL Entry Draft
† incoming freshman‡ Mitchell was subsequently removed from the program after information about his bullying of a handicapped minority classmate became public.
References
North Dakota Fighting Hawks men's ice hockey seasons
North Dakota Fighting Hawks
North Dakota Fighting Hawks
North Dakota Fighting Hawks
North Dakota Fighting Hawks |
9321379 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow-rumped%20mannikin | Yellow-rumped mannikin | The yellow-rumped mannikin (Lonchura flaviprymna) also known as the yellow-rumped munia, is a species of estrildid finch found in the eastern Kimberley region and north-west Northern Territory, Australia. It has an estimated global extent of occurrence of 20,000 to 50,000 km2. It is found in subtropical to tropical mangrove, moist savanna and wetland habitats. The conservation status of the species is evaluated as being of Least Concern.
References
BirdLife Species Factsheet
Yellow-rumped mannikin: Nutrition, Breeding, Health Issues
yellow-rumped mannikin
Birds of the Northern Territory
Endemic birds of Australia
yellow-rumped mannikin |
35306678 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Track%20Meet | Track Meet | Track Meet, known in Japan as , is a sports video game that was released for the original Game Boy. In Germany the game was released as Litti's Summer Sports (endorsed by Pierre Littbarski).
Gameplay
The game offers seven different events in the spirit of the 1992 Summer Olympic Games in Barcelona, Spain. There are five different opponents to compete against in events like long jump, the 100-meter dash, and weightlifting. Each competitor has his own strengths and weaknesses that either help or hinder his performance on certain events. Once a competitor has more points than his opponents, he becomes the grand champion of the Summer Olympic Games.
Reception
The German video gaming magazine Power Play gave Track Meet an overall rating of 75 out of a possible 100 points.
References
External links
Track Meet at Defunct Games
Track Meet at GB no Game Seiha Shimasho
1991 video games
Game Boy-only games
Interplay Entertainment games
Summer Olympic video games
Video games scored by George Sanger
Video games set in 1992
Video games set in Spain
Video games set in Barcelona
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Game Boy games
Video games developed in the United States |
18517970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akhtakhana | Akhtakhana | Akhtakhana may refer to:
Dzorastan, Armenia
Axtaxana, Azerbaijan |
62531695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Cunningam | Henry Cunningam | Henry Cunningam (7 July 1707 – 9 July 1777) was an Irish Anglican priest in the 18th century.
Cunningham was born in Limerick and educated at Trinity College, Dublin. He held livings at Killuken, Tumna and Creeve. was appointed Archdeacon of Elphin in 1751. He resigned in 1761 for the Prebendal Stall of Ballintubber in Elphin Cathedral.
References
Archdeacons of Elphin
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Christian clergy from Limerick (city)
18th-century Irish Anglican priests
1777 deaths
1707 births |
71196503 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narciso%20Crook | Narciso Crook | Narciso Crook (born July 12, 1995) is a Dominican professional baseball outfielder in the Boston Red Sox organization. He made his Major League Baseball (MLB) debut in 2022 with the Chicago Cubs.
Early life
Crook began playing baseball at 11 years old after moving to Trenton, New Jersey, from the Dominican Republic when his mother married former professional football player Al Darby. He played prep baseball at Trenton Central High School, from which he graduated in 2012, before moving on to Gloucester County College (since renamed as Rowan College of South Jersey).
Career
Cincinnati Reds
Crook was selected by the Cincinnati Reds in the 23rd round, with the 705th overall selection, of the 2013 Major League Baseball draft. On July 5, Crook signed with the Reds. He made his professional debut in 2014 with the rookie–level Arizona League Reds, hitting .255/.313/.423 with 4 home runs, 20 RBI, and 12 stolen bases in 42 contests. He spent the 2015 season with the Single–A Dayton Dragons, playing in 105 contests and hitting .236/.270/.383 with 9 home runs, 47 RBI, and 13 stolen bases.
Crook returned to Dayton in 2016, playing in 23 games and batting .244/.311/.402 with 3 home runs and 7 RBI. On May 24, 2016, it was announced that Crook would miss the remainder of the season after undergoing surgery to repair a torn labrum in his left shoulder. He spent 2017 with the High–A Daytona Tortugas, but was limited to 36 games in which he hit .213/.275/.360 with 4 home runs and 17 RBI across 36 games. After Crook was placed on the disabled list on May 19, 2017, he did not make an appearance for the remainder of the year. Crook began the 2018 season with Dayton, progressing to Daytona and the Double–A Pensacola Blue Wahoos later in the year. In 103 games, he accumulated a .266/.344/.415 batting line with 6 home runs and 44 RBI.
In 2019, he began the year back in Double–A with the Chattanooga Lookouts, but was quickly promoted to the Triple-A Louisville Bats after 24 games. In 84 games for Louisville, he hit .273/.329/.484 with a career–high 10 home runs, 35 RBI, and 9 stolen bases. Crook did not play in a game in 2020 due to the cancellation of the minor league season because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Returning to action in 2021, Crook split the year between Chattanooga and Louisville. In 100 total contests, he slashed .244/.355/.451 with career–highs in home runs (14) and RBI (54). He elected free agency following the 2021 season on November 7, 2021.
Chicago Cubs
On November 18, 2021, Crook signed a minor league contract with the Chicago Cubs organization. He began the 2022 season with the with the Triple-A Iowa Cubs, playing in 101 games, where he batted .260/.345/.492 with 19 home runs and 67 runs batted in (RBIs). On June 30, 2022, Crook was selected to the 40-man roster and promoted to the major leagues for the first time. In four games with Chicago, he went 2-for-8 with two RBI. On November 10, Crook was removed from the 40-man roster and sent outright to Triple–A Iowa; he elected free agency the same day.
Boston Red Sox
On November 22, 2022, Crook signed a minor-league contract with the Boston Red Sox organization. He was assigned to the Triple–A Worcester Red Sox to begin the 2023 season.
See also
List of Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic
References
External links
1995 births
Living people
Baseball players from Trenton, New Jersey
People from Nagua
Dominican Republic expatriate baseball players in the United States
Major League Baseball players from the Dominican Republic
Major League Baseball outfielders
Trenton Central High School alumni
Chicago Cubs players
Arizona League Reds players
Dayton Dragons players
Daytona Tortugas players
Pensacola Blue Wahoos players
Chattanooga Lookouts players
Louisville Bats players
Tigres del Licey players
Iowa Cubs players
Worcester Red Sox players
Dominican Republic emigrants to the United States |
31637545 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandhole%20Colliery | Sandhole Colliery | Sandhole Colliery (or Bridgewater Colliery) was a coal mine originally owned by the Bridgewater Trustees operating on the Manchester Coalfield in Walkden, Greater Manchester, then in the historic county of Lancashire, England. The colliery closed in 1962.
History
The Bridgewater Trustees began sinking two diameter shafts for the Bridgewater Colliery in 1865. The winding house contained two engines built by Naysmyth, Wilson & Company. The engines survived until 1962 when the colliery closed. Two further shafts were sunk soon after, one of which was sunk to the Doe mine at for ventilation and emergency use. No 3 shaft was
in diameter and sunk to . This shaft was deepened to in 1943.
References
Notes
Bibliography
Coal mines in Lancashire
Mining in Lancashire
Underground mines in England |
47723121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex%20Brock | Alex Brock | Alex Brock (born Alexander von Brockdorff), is a British actor, film-maker and former British Army Officer. He has appeared in several high-profile TV dramas, including The Midwich Cuckoos, FBI: International and the final season of Homeland.
Career
Brock was an officer in the Queen's Royal Hussars, a cavalry regiment of the British Army. He commissioned from the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in 2008. Having served in combat operations both in Iraq and Afghanistan, he left the Armed Forces in 2014 to start his career as an actor. He shortened his name to Alex Brock around this time. In 2015, he joined with former military colleagues in creating Bare Arms, a company providing military support to the film and television industry. To date, he has appeared mostly in TV drama - including BBC One's Requiem, Channel 4's Baghdad Central and the 8th and final season of Homeland''.
Filmography
Television
Film
Music videos
References
External links
1984 births
Living people
21st-century English male actors
English male television actors
English male film actors
Graduates of the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst |
26987328 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancistrolepis | Ancistrolepis | Ancistrolepis is a genus of sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Buccinidae, the true whelks.
Species
Species within the genus Ancistrolepis include:
Ancistrolepis californicus
Ancistrolepis eucosmius
Ancistrolepis grammatus
Ancistrolepis hikidai
Ancistrolepis kawamurai
Ancistrolepis okhotensis
Ancistrolepis vietnamensis
Subgenera formerly placed in Ancistrolepis:
Ancistrolepis (Clinopegma) elevated to Clinopegma
Ancistrolepis (Japelion) elevated to Japelion
Species formerly placed in Ancistrolepis:
Ancistrolepis beringianus is a synonym of Neancistrolepis beringianus
Ancistrolepis damon is a synonym of Clinopegma magnum damon
Ancistrolepis decora is a synonym of Clinopegma decora
Ancistrolepis (Clinopegma) decora is a synonym of Clinopegma decora
Ancistrolepis fujitai is a synonym of Parancistrolepis fujitai
Ancistrolepis hiranoi is a synonym of Parancistrolepis fujitai
Ancistrolepis latus is a synonym of Japelion latus
Ancistrolepis magna is a synonym of Clinopegma magnum
Ancistrolepis sasakii is a synonym of Clinopegma sasakii
Ancistrolepis trochoideus is a synonym of Bathyancistrolepis trochoideus
References
External links
Buccinidae
Gastropod genera |
41782453 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bugoma%20Forest | Bugoma Forest | The Bugoma Forest is a protected tropical forest that is situated southwest of Hoima and northeast of Kyenjojo towns, and east of Lake Albert, in the Hoima district of western Uganda. It was gazetted in the 1932 and came under the mandate of the National Forestry Authority in 2003. But it was expanded in 1965, 1968 and 1998. Its surface area is given as between and .
Setting and structure
It is one of a belt of extensive, lowland forests along Uganda's western rift escarpment, that are believed to have been connected with one another and the Ituri forest in former times. The forest belt is situated between 500 and 1,650 metres a.s.l., and Bugoma is situated at between 990 and 1,300 m elevation. Regional rainfall ranges from 1 250 to 1,625 mm. Farmlands and regenerating vegetation fringe the forests, which includes Elephant grass and Hyparrhenia grassland.
The tree cover of the forest belt shows a tendency toward monospecific dominance. Early colonising forest consists of a mixed forest with Alstonia congensis, Trichilia prieuriana, Khaya anthotheca, Celtis mildbraedii, and Cynometra alexandri (Uganda ironwood), among others. The climax forest that develops afterward depends on the altitude. From 1 000 to 1 200 m Cynometra alexandri is highly dominant. Lasiodiscus mildbraedii and sometimes by Celtis spp. and Strychnos mitis sometimes dominate the understorey. Very large trees other than Cynometra alexandri occur, such as Khaya spp. and Entandrophragma spp. Patches of characteristic colonising species (e.g. Maesopsis spp.) mature alongside climax canopy species in a mosaic pattern in spaces left by the fall of large trees. Another type of climax community is the Parinari forest, consisting of almost pure stands of Parinari excelsa, associated in the understorey with Carapa grandiflora. Other understorey species are Craterispermum laurinum, Trichilia prieuriana and Pleiocarpa pycnantha.
The name Bugoma means "small drum". The Omukama Kabalega used to train Abarusura (the royal army of Bunyoro) in the trees in the Budongo's royal mile that he planted himself.
Some of the trees species such as "Mwitansowera loosely translated as Killer of House insects (flies)" are believed to have supernatural powers and they are never logged or touched by anyone including the illegal loggers and makers of charcoal as they are believed to shock anyone who touches it including insects. The banyoro get there totems which are either animals or plants forests such as Bugoma.
Wildlife
23 species of mammal, 225 species of birds (which include Nahan’s Francolin and Grey Parrots, African crowned eagle), butterfly species (such as Anthene ituria )and 260 plant species (such as Afrothismia winkleri, Brazzia longipedicellata and Dialium excelsum), 20 species of forest amphibians are known to occur in the reserve. The forest is home to a considerable number of chimpanzees which have started to undergo the habituation process in January 2016.
Conservation status
The forest is threatened by illegal logging, charcoal burning, hunting, mining and it is feared that it may succumb to settlement and agriculture. The situation is worsened by an influx of Congolese refugees, and burgeoning large-scale tea, sugarcane, rice and tobacco farms on its outskirts that infringe on the reserve boundaries.
In March 2012 some 1,500 land invaders were evicted, but by December 2013 some of them were returning to start subsistence cultivation and pit sawing.
In August 2020, Nema issued a certificate to Hoima Sugar Company to turn 22 sq miles of the forest into sugarcane plantation, an urban trading and settlement centre among others. This land area is extremely big with a variety of trees and grass species and other forms of nature/creation.
National Forestry Authority has regularly supplied tree seedlings to environmentalists to plant them.
Kabalega Hydro Electric power dam was constructed on River Wambabya that produces 9 mega watts in Buseruka Subcounty. But the turbines of the power dam are being ruined by the silting of the river due to reduction of the Bugoma forest.
In 2021, the UNCHR partnered with NFA to replant trees and managed to restore 50 hectares of Bugoma forest cover.
Controversies
The construction of the 897-mile (1,443 kilometer) East African Crude Oil Pipeline (EACOP) faced resistance by climate activists and environmentalists that is supposed to originate from the oil fields of Hoima passing through Wambabya, Bugoma and Taala Central Forest Reserves and in Uganda to Tanga in Tanzania. This caused international banks such as HSBC, BNP Paribas and insurers such as insurer Allianz Group to not back the pipeline financially. But The China National Offshore Oil Corporation (CNOOC), TotalEnergies, the Uganda National Oil Company and the Tanzania Petroleum Development Cooperation are still working on pipeline until it start transporting the crude oil in 2025. Over 14,000 households will be displaced in both Uganda and Tanzania.
See also
Central Forest Reserves of Uganda
Mabira Forest
Budongo Forest
National Forestry Authority
References
External links
Bugoma Forest: Court orders commissioner to avail documents
Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
Forest reserves of Uganda
Hoima District |
23510247 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liron%20Zarko | Liron Zarko | Liron Zarko (; born 23 January 1981) is an Israeli professional association football player.
Playing career
After one season with Hapoel Be'er Sheva, Zarko signed with Chinese Super League club Chongqing Lifan making him the first Israeli to sign with a club in China.
Honours
With Hapoel Kfar Saba
Liga Leumit: 2004-05
With Hapoel Be'er Sheva
Toto Cup (Leumit): 2008-09
References
Footnotes
1981 births
Living people
Israeli Jews
Israeli men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Hapoel Kfar Saba F.C. players
Hapoel Petah Tikva F.C. players
Hapoel Be'er Sheva F.C. players
Bnei Sakhnin F.C. players
Chongqing Liangjiang Athletic F.C. players
Chinese Super League players
Israeli Premier League players
Expatriate men's footballers in China
Israeli expatriate sportspeople in China |
5953882 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaminade-Madonna%20College%20Preparatory%20School | Chaminade-Madonna College Preparatory School | Chaminade-Madonna College Preparatory (CMCP) is a private Marianist school located in Hollywood, Florida, United States, on Chaminade Drive, in front of Nativity Catholic School in the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami. Covering high school and college preparatory curricula, it runs from 9th grade to 12th grade. The school has been accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools since 1921 and is a Blue Ribbon School of Excellence.
History
1960-1988
In response to the growing population and the need for quality schools, the Archdiocese of Miami invited the Marianists and the School Sisters of Notre Dame to establish a school for boys, Chaminade High School, and a school for girls, Madonna Academy. Under the direction of Bro. Joseph Spehar, S.M., and Sister Eugene Marie, SSND, Chaminade High School and Madonna Academy opened their doors to the South Broward and North Miami-Dade communities in 1960.
In 1963, Bro. Donald Gaskill, S.M. was appointed principal of Chaminade High School to continue to establish the Marianist traditions of education, as well as reach out to the local communities. He would remain until 1969, with the appointment of Bro. Michael Galvin, S.M.. He was primarily responsible for obtaining accreditation from the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Chaminade High School was accredited for the first time in 1973. In 1973, Fr. Richard Knuge, S.M. was appointed principal. Under his administration, construction of a school chapel and library was completed. The school's fifth principal, Bro. Donald Winfree, S.M., supervised the construction of the Strickroth Classroom building, named in honor of Bro. John Strickroth, S.M.
In 1982, Fr. Chris Conlon, S.M., was appointed principal. This same year, Bro. John Campbell, S.M., was appointed the school's first President. His primary responsibility was the financial and spiritual well-being of the school. By the mid-80s parts of the movie Superfantagenio where filme at the gym of the Chaminade Lions.
In 1986, Bro. Raymond Purcell, S.M., succeeded Fr. Conlon as the leader of the school. Facing declining enrollment and financial difficulties, in 1988, the Archdiocese of Miami, the Superior General of the Marianists and the School Sisters of Notre Dame agreed to merge Chaminade High School and Madonna Academy.
1988-present
In August 1988, Chaminade-Madonna College Preparatory was established as a coed high school. Longtime Chaminade High School teacher, counselor, and administrator, Robert Minnaugh, was named principal and charged with forming a new vision. Fr. Dan Doyle, S.M., was named the first president of the new school. Fr. Richard Knuge, S.M. succeeded Fr. Doyle in 1992. In that year, Chaminade-Madonna was honored by the Department of Education with the Blue Ribbon School of Excellence Award. Four years later, Bro. John Campbell, S.M. was appointed president. During his tenure as president, he worked diligently with Mr. Minnaugh to complete construction of the Einstein Building and the renovation of Marianist Hall (which contains the department chair offices).
In 1998, Robert Minnaugh announced his retirement. Longtime assistant principal Ann McGrath was named the interim principal through the 1997/1998 school year. Under some criticism, Patrick Snay was appointed principal in the summer of 1999. Under his leadership, the school's focus turned to the development of a sports program. This included the construction of a multimillion-dollar sports complex, increased scholarship availability and other improvements that led to an award-winning program. In addition, the Learning Center was established to help students suffering from learning disabilities.
In 2002, Fr. John Thompson, S.M., was appointed president of the school. His initial focus was the construction of the athletic fields. The newly renovated athletic complex was completed in December 2004. He led the school through its first Capital Campaign, highlighted by the construction of a new Fine Arts Center, a project that had initially been proposed in 1998.
In July 2003, the first Hispanic principal of the school, and first woman, Gloria Ramos, was appointed.
In the fall of 2007, the house system was implemented. This complements the formal system of classroom education by organizing students into small groups to develop leadership skills and foster the Marianist commitment to community.
On May 15, 2007, Mark Guandolo resigned as the athletic director and head football coach one year after his son graduated from C-M; he took the head coaching job at Cypress Bay High School. Guandolo had success as the football coach with a record of 81-13 and two state championships over seven years.
In July 2008, Father Larry Doersching, S.M., was appointed president.
The 2009–2010 school year marked Chaminade-Madonna's 50th anniversary. It began in August 2009 with a cake cutting ceremony, and an aerial photograph of students, faculty, and staff forming a "50." C-M traditions and events throughout the school year continued to commemorate the rich history of Chaminade High School, Madonna Academy, and Chaminade-Madonna College Preparatory over the previous 50 years.
In October 2010, Chaminade-Madonna was voted the "Best School in Hollywood second to South Broward High School" in the "Best of Hollywood" contest sponsored by the Hollywood Gazette.
In July 2011, Teresita Vazquez Wardlow (class of 1981) was appointed as the new principal.
In 2012–2013, Chaminade-Madonna announced its new educational technology initiative, which required all students to have iPads.
In 2015 a new president was announced. Dr. Judith Mucheck was the first lady president of Chaminade-Madonna since its founding in 1960. All previous presidents were professed Brothers or Priests of the Society of Mary (Marianists). Dr. Mucheck brings a wealth of experience in Catholic school education, having served as a high school teacher, university professor, education consultant, principal, and president at several Catholic schools, as well as serving as Superintendent of Schools for the Archdiocese of Atlanta, Georgia. Her career in Catholic school education spans over thirty years.
About
The school currently offers remedial classes in numerous subjects, including both honors and AP courses to qualifying students. A unique "Spring Session" program takes place each February, allowing students to engage in numerous on and off campus activities. These range from painting, to bioethics, to trips abroad.
The Chaminade-Madonna Theatre Company currently produces two productions each year, down from the four produced in years past.
The Chaminade-Madonna Athletics Department offers a weight training "Perfect Competition" program for their football players.
Notable alumni
Sports
Kamar Aiken '07 - NFL: Baltimore Ravens, wide receiver
Josh Ali '17 - NFL: Atlanta Falcons, wide receiver
Jon Beason '03 - University of Miami football team, linebacker; NFL: New York Giants, linebacker
Marquise "Hollywood" Brown '16 - Baltimore Ravens wide receiver
Toumani Camara, professional basketball player
Bill Capece '77 - NFL: Tampa Bay Buccaneers place kicker
Henry Colombi '17 - Marshall University football team quarterback
Anthony Johnson '17 - NFL: New Orleans Saints, cornerback
Joe Klink - Major League Baseball pitcher
Billy Mitchell '83 - professional video game player and hot sauce company owner
Chris Nuñez - tattoo artist on TLC reality show Miami Ink
David Shula '77 - NFL: Coach
Cary Williams '03 - NFL: Seattle Seahawks, cornerback
Theater
Bobby Pearce '79 - Broadway costume designer
Music
Cyrus Bolooki '98 - drummer for New Found Glory
Broadcasting and journalism
Dan Le Batard - Miami Herald columnist
Chris Myers '76 - Fox sportscaster-commentator
Politics
Sheila Cherfilus-McCormick - Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Florida's 20th district
AJ Ryan IV - Mayor of Dania Beach, Florida
See also
William Joseph Chaminade
Marianists
Notes and references
External links
Official school website
Educational institutions established in 1960
Catholic secondary schools in Florida
Marianist schools
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami
Private high schools in Broward County, Florida
Schools accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
Buildings and structures in Hollywood, Florida
1960 establishments in Florida |
16661399 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabel%20Ingram | Isabel Ingram | Isabel Ingram Mayer, née Ingram (March 7, 1902 – 1988) was an American tutor to Wanrong, the empress consort of China of Puyi, the last emperor of China.
Early life
Born 7 March 1902 in Beijing, Ingram was the daughter of American Congregational missionary James Henry Ingram (1858-1934) and Myrtle Belle (Prough) Ingram (1871-1941), his second wife. Her passport and a New York Times article (cited below) give her sisters as Miriam Ingram and Ruth Ingram. Other siblings were Kathryn Ingram (Rowe), Robert Ingram, and Lewis Ingram.
Tutor to Wanrong in the Forbidden City
Ingram graduated from Wellesley College in Massachusetts in 1922. She returned to China, was admitted to the Forbidden City and became Wanrong's tutor in the same year. Wanrong married Puyi in December 1922 and became the last empress of China. Ingram began teaching Wanrong English and recalled the yellow satin robe Wanrong wore on her wedding day. Ingram noted: "The boy Emperor rarely, if ever, interrupted our study hour."
Accounts of Isabel Ingram in Richard Halliburton, The New York Times and Time
Famous in his era, travel-adventure writer Richard Halliburton wrote his parents in December 1922 that he called on "the young American tutoress of the Empress of China." He added that he found the visit quite interesting. The young Ingram was petite and quite attractive. He wrote that on Christmas Eve he "went for a walk about the city wall with Miss Ingram" and that "the Royal Pair were only married a day or two before," adding that "this girl" and Reginald Johnston, Pu Yi's tutor, were the only people of European stock "at the great ceremony." In his book The Royal Road to Romance, he wrote that the empress was not to be outdone by the emperor with his tutor and that Ingram taught her the speech, modes, and manners of the West. The two girls tried to look like one another and traded clothes on at least one occasion.
A 21 November 1934 New York Times article stated that the empress received part of her education from two American women. It named the women as Miriam Ingram and Isabel Ingram and stated they are daughters of a Congregational missionary from Philadelphia. The article explained that from them the empress learned English, history, and something about life in the Western world.
On 12 May 1924, Time had a piece titled "Henry The Democrat," Henry referring to a name adopted by Puyi, who, according to Time, had a "beautiful consort" with the court name Elizabeth (Wanrong). The article states "Elizabeth was accompanied by Miss Isabel Ingram, graduate of Wellesley, her American tutor."
Scholarly writing
As a reflection of her interest in Chinese art and culture, she wrote "A Scroll of the Eight Views by Chang Lung Chang" for The Pennsylvania Museum Bulletin as well as "The Siren Collection of Chinese Sculpture,", both from 1927 to 1929.
Passport data
According to Ingram's American passport, in case of death or accident, she wished that a sister Ruth Ingram be notified at Peking Union Medical College.
A note on Ingram's passport reads "Travelling to British ports, Egypt, Palestine, and the United Kingdom en route to the United States of America. British Consulate, Peking. 23/2/27." On 12 April 1927, it was stamped by the harbour police in Ceylon. It bears other stamps, including Italy, Singapore, Greece, and Port Said. In 1928, she returned to China. At the time of her father's death in 1934, she lived in Edgewood, Maryland with her husband William Mayer, a captain in the United States Army.
References
American expatriates in China
1902 births
1988 deaths
Writers from Beijing
People from Edgewood, Maryland |
174319 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Artists | United Artists | United Artists Corporation (UA) was an American production and distribution company founded in 1919 by D.W. Griffith, Charlie Chaplin, Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks as a venture premised on allowing actors to control their own interests rather than being dependent upon commercial studios.
After numerous ownership and structural changes and revamps, United Artists was acquired by media conglomerate Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer (MGM) in 1981 for a reported $350 million ($ billion today). On September 22, 2014, MGM acquired a controlling interest in One Three Media and Lightworkers Media and merged them to revive the television production unit of United Artists as United Artists Media Group (UAMG). MGM itself acquired UAMG on December 14, 2015, and folded it into their own television division.
MGM briefly revived the United Artists brand name under United Artists Digital Studios for the Stargate Origins web series as part of its Stargate franchise but retired it after 2019 and used their eponymous MGM brand instead for its new subsequent content releases.
A local joint distribution venture between MGM and Annapurna Pictures launched on October 31, 2017 was rebranded as United Artists Releasing on February 5, 2019, in honor of its 100th anniversary. However, the new parent company of MGM, Amazon, folded it into MGM on March 4, 2023, citing "newfound theatrical release opportunities" following the box-office opening success of Creed III.
History
Early years
In 1918, Charlie Chaplin could not get his parent company First National Pictures to increase his production budget despite being one of their top producers. Mary Pickford and Douglas Fairbanks had their own contracts, with First National and Famous Players–Lasky respectively, but these were due to run out with no clear offers forthcoming. Sydney Chaplin, brother and business manager for Charlie, deduced something was going wrong, and contacted Pickford and Fairbanks. Together they hired a private detective, who discovered a plan to merge all production companies and to lock in "exhibition companies" to a series of five-year contracts.
Chaplin, Pickford, Fairbanks, and D. W. Griffith incorporated United Artists as a joint venture company on February 5, 1919. Each held a 25 percent stake in the preferred shares and a 20 percent stake in the common shares of the joint venture, with the remaining 20 percent of common shares held by lawyer and advisor William Gibbs McAdoo. The idea for the venture originated with Fairbanks, Chaplin, Pickford and cowboy star William S. Hart a year earlier. Already Hollywood veterans, the four stars talked of forming their own company to better control their own work.
They were spurred on by established Hollywood producers and distributors who were tightening their control over actor salaries and creative decisions, a process that evolved into the studio system. With the addition of Griffith, planning began, but Hart bowed out before anything was formalized. When he heard about their scheme, Richard A. Rowland, head of Metro Pictures, apparently said, "The inmates are taking over the asylum." The four partners, with advice from McAdoo (son-in-law and former Treasury Secretary of then-President Woodrow Wilson), formed their distribution company. Hiram Abrams was its first managing director, and the company established its headquarters at 729 Seventh Avenue in New York City.
The original terms called for each star to produce five pictures a year. By the time the company was operational in 1921, feature films were becoming more expensive and polished, and running times had settled at around ninety minutes (eight reels). The original goal was thus abandoned.
UA's first production, His Majesty, the American, written by and starring Fairbanks, was a success. Funding for movies was limited. Without selling stock to the public like other studios, all United had for finance was weekly prepayment installments from theater owners for upcoming movies. As a result, production was slow, and the company distributed an average of only five films a year in its first five years.
By 1924, Griffith had dropped out, and the company was facing a crisis. Veteran producer Joseph Schenck was hired as president. He had produced pictures for a decade, and brought commitments for films starring his wife, Norma Talmadge, his sister-in-law, Constance Talmadge, and his brother-in-law, Buster Keaton. Contracts were signed with independent producers, including Samuel Goldwyn, and Howard Hughes. In 1933, Schenck organized a new company with Darryl F. Zanuck, called Twentieth Century Pictures, which soon provided four pictures a year, forming half of UA's schedule.
Schenck formed a separate partnership with Pickford and Chaplin to buy and build theaters under the United Artists name. They began international operations, first in Canada, and then in Mexico. By the end of the 1930s, United Artists was represented in over 40 countries.
When he was denied an ownership share in 1935, Schenck resigned. He set up 20th Century Pictures' merger with Fox Film Corporation to form 20th Century Fox. Al Lichtman succeeded Schenck as company president. Other independent producers distributed through United Artists in the 1930s including Walt Disney Productions, Alexander Korda, Hal Roach, David O. Selznick, and Walter Wanger. As the years passed, and the dynamics of the business changed, these "producing partners" drifted away. Samuel Goldwyn Productions and Disney went to RKO and Wanger to Universal Pictures.
In the late 1930s, UA turned a profit. Goldwyn was providing most of the output for distribution. He sued United several times for disputed compensation leading him to leave. MGM's 1939 hit Gone with the Wind was supposed to be a UA release except that Selznick wanted Clark Gable, who was under contract to MGM, to play Rhett Butler. Also that year, Fairbanks died.
UA became embroiled in lawsuits with Selznick over his distribution of some films through RKO. Selznick considered UA's operation sloppy, and left to start his own distribution arm.
In the 1940s, United Artists was losing money because of poorly received pictures. Cinema attendance continued to decline as television became more popular. The company sold its Mexican releasing division to Crédito Cinematográfico Mexicano, a local company.
Society of Independent Motion Picture Producers (1940s and 1950s)
In 1941, Pickford, Chaplin, Disney, Orson Welles, Goldwyn, Selznick, Alexander Korda, and Wanger—many of whom were members of United Artists—formed the Society of Independent Motion Picture Producers (SIMPP). Later members included Hunt Stromberg, William Cagney, Sol Lesser, and Hal Roach.
The Society aimed to advance the interests of independent producers in an industry controlled by the studio system. SIMPP fought to end ostensibly anti-competitive practices by the seven major film studios—Loew's (MGM), Columbia Pictures, Paramount Pictures, Universal Pictures, RKO Radio Pictures, 20th Century Fox, and Warner Bros./First National—that controlled the production, distribution, and exhibition of motion pictures.
In 1942, SIMPP filed an antitrust suit against Paramount's United Detroit Theatres. The complaint accused Paramount of conspiracy to control first-and subsequent-run theaters in Detroit. This was the first antitrust suit brought by producers against exhibitors that alleged monopoly and restraint of trade. In 1948, the U.S. Supreme Court Paramount Decision ordered the major Hollywood movie studios to sell their theater chains and to end certain anti-competitive practices. This court ruling ended the studio system.
By 1958, SIMPP achieved many of the goals that led to its creation, and the group ceased operations.
Krim and Benjamin
Needing a turnaround, Pickford and Chaplin hired Paul V. McNutt in 1950, a former governor of Indiana, as chairman and Frank L. McNamee as president. McNutt did not have the skill to solve UA's financial problems and the pair was replaced after only a few months.
On February 15, 1951, lawyers-turned-producers Arthur B. Krim (of Eagle-Lion Films), Robert Benjamin and Matty Fox approached Pickford and Chaplin with a wild idea: let them take over United Artists for ten years. If UA was profitable in one of the next three years, they would have the option to acquire half the company by the end of the ten years and take full control. Fox Film Corporation president Spyros Skouras extended United Artists a $3 million loan through Krim and Benjamin's efforts.
In taking over UA, Krim and Benjamin created the first studio without an actual "studio". Primarily acting as bankers, they offered money to independent producers. UA leased space at the Pickford/Fairbanks Studio but did not own a studio lot. Thus UA did not have the overhead, the maintenance, or the expensive production staff at other studios.
Among their first clients were Sam Spiegel and John Huston, whose Horizon Productions gave UA one major hit, The African Queen (1951) and a substantial success, Moulin Rouge (1952). As well as The African Queen UA also had success with High Noon in their first year, earning a profit of $313,000 compared to a loss of $871,000 the previous year. Others clients followed, among them Stanley Kramer, Otto Preminger, Hecht-Hill-Lancaster Productions, and actors newly freed from studio contracts and seeking to produce or direct their own films.
With the instability in the film industry due to theater divestment, the business was considered risky. In 1955, movie attendance reached its lowest level since 1923. Chaplin sold his 25 percent share during this crisis to Krim and Benjamin for $1.1 million, followed a year later by Pickford who sold her share for $3 million.
In the late 1950s, United Artists produced two modest films that became financial and critical successes for the company. The company made Marty which won 1955's Palme d'Or and Best Picture Oscar. 12 Angry Men (1957) which according to Krim before home video, was being seen on TV 24 hours a day, 365 days a year some place in the world. By 1958, UA was making annual profits of $3 million a year.
Public company
United Artists went public in 1957 with a $17 million stock and debenture offering. The company was averaging 50 films a year. In 1958, UA acquired Ilya Lopert's Lopert Pictures Corporation, which released foreign films that attracted criticism or had censorship problems.
In 1957, UA created United Artists Records Corporation and United Artists Music Corporation after an unsuccessful attempt to buy a record company. In 1968, UA Records merged with Liberty Records, along with its many subsidiary labels such as Imperial Records and Dolton Records. In 1972, the group was consolidated into one entity as United Artists Records and in 1979, EMI acquired the division which included Blue Note Records.
In 1959, after failing to sell several pilots, United Artists offered its first ever television series, The Troubleshooters, and later released its first sitcom, The Dennis O'Keefe Show.
In the 1960s, mainstream studios fell into decline and some were acquired or diversified. UA prospered while winning 11 Academy Awards, including five for Best Picture, adding relationships with the Mirisch brothers, Billy Wilder, Joseph E. Levine and others. In 1961, United Artists released West Side Story, which won ten Academy Awards (including Best Picture).
In 1960, UA purchased Ziv Television Programs. UA's television division was responsible for shows such as Gilligan's Island, The Fugitive, Outer Limits, and The Patty Duke Show. The television unit had begun to build up a profitable rental library, including Associated Artists Productions, owners of Warner Bros. pre-1950 features, shorts and cartoons and 231 Popeye cartoon shorts purchased from Paramount Pictures in 1958, becoming United Artists Associated, its distribution division.
In 1963, UA released two Stanley Kramer films, It's A Mad, Mad, Mad, Mad World and A Child Is Waiting. In 1964, UA introduced U.S. film audiences to the Beatles by releasing A Hard Day's Night (1964) and Help! (1965).
At the same time, it backed two expatriate North Americans in Britain, who had acquired screen rights to Ian Fleming's James Bond novels. For $1 million, UA backed Harry Saltzman and Albert Broccoli's Dr. No in 1963 and launched the James Bond franchise. The franchise outlived UA's time as a major studio, continuing half a century later. Other successful projects backed in this period included the Pink Panther series, which began in 1964, and Spaghetti Westerns, which made a star of Clint Eastwood in the films of A Fistful of Dollars, For a Few Dollars More and The Good, The Bad and The Ugly.
In 1964, the French subsidiary, Les Productions Artistes Associés, released its first production That Man from Rio.
In 1965, UA released the anticipated George Stevens' production of The Greatest Story Ever Told and was at the time, the most expensive film which was budgeted at $20 million. Max Von Sydow, in the role of Jesus Christ, led an all-star cast which included Charlton Heston, Roddy McDowell, Martin Landau, Dorothy McGuire, Sal Mineo, Ina Balin, Joanna Dunham, David McCallum, Nehemiah Persoff, Donald Pleasence, José Ferrer and Ed Wynn. The film did not make back its budget and was released to mixed critical receptions. But it has since been acclaimed as a classic by audiences around the world for being admirably inspired in its attempt to be faithful to the four books of the New Testament in the Holy Bible as well as the book of the same name by Fulton Oursler and the radio program which ran from 1947 to 1956. The Greatest Story Ever Told received five Academy Award nominations in 1965 and was also listed among the “Top 10 Films of the Year” by the National Board of Review.
Transamerica subsidiary
On the basis of its film and television hits, in 1967, Transamerica Corporation purchased 98 percent of UA's stock. Transamerica selected David and Arnold Picker to lead its studio. UA debuted a new logo incorporating the parent company's striped T emblem and the tagline "Entertainment from Transamerica Corporation". This wording was later shortened to "A Transamerica Company". The following year, in 1968, United Artists Associated was reincorporated as United Artists Television Distribution.
UA released another Best Picture Oscar winner in 1967, In the Heat of the Night and a nominee for Best Picture, The Graduate, an Embassy production that UA distributed overseas.
In 1970, UA lost $35 million, and the Pickers were pushed aside for the return of Krim and Benjamin.
Other successful pictures included the 1971 screen version of Fiddler on the Roof. However, the 1972 film version of Man of La Mancha was a failure. New talent was encouraged, including Woody Allen, Robert Altman, Sylvester Stallone, Saul Zaentz, Miloš Forman, and Brian De Palma. With UA being the distributor for Woody Allen's Bananas (1971), it started as the distributor for a series of Woody Allen films. With the James Bond, Pink Panther, and Woody Allen films, UA had a series of films based on well known characters in the 1970s.
In 1973, United Artists took over the sales and distribution of MGM's films in Anglo-America. Cinema International Corporation assumed international distribution rights for MGM's films and carried on to United International Pictures (made from CIC and UA's International assets being owned by partner MGM) in the 1980s. As part of the deal, UA acquired MGM's music publishing operation, Robbins, Feist, Miller.
In 1975, Harry Saltzman sold UA his 50 percent stake in Danjaq, the holding-company for the Bond films.
UA released One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest in 1975, which won the Best Picture Academy Award and was UA's highest-grossing film, with a gross of $163 million. UA followed with the next two years' Best Picture Oscar winners, Rocky and Annie Hall, becoming the first studio to win the award for three years running and also to become the studio with the most Best Picture winners at that time, with 11.
However, Transamerica was not pleased with UA's releases such as Midnight Cowboy and Last Tango in Paris that were rated X by the Motion Picture Association of America. In these instances, Transamerica demanded the byline "A Transamerica Company" be removed on the prints and in all advertising. At one point, the parent company expressed its desire to phase out the UA name and replace it with Transamerica Films. Krim tried to convince Transamerica to spin off United Artists, but he and Transamerica's chairman could not come to an agreement. Finally in 1978, following a dispute with Transamerica chief John R. Beckett over administrative expenses, UA's top executives, including chairman Krim, president Eric Pleskow, Benjamin and other key officers walked out. Within days they announced the formation of Orion Pictures, with backing from Warner Bros. The departures concerned several Hollywood figures enough that they took out an ad in a trade paper warning Transamerica that it had made a fatal mistake in letting them go. Later that year, it entered into a partnership with Lorimar Productions, whereas United Artists will distribute Lorimar's feature films theatrically, while Lorimar is planning to produce television series and miniseries adaptations from UA's feature film library.
Transamerica inserted Andy Albeck as UA's president. United had its most successful year with four hits in 1979: Rocky II, Manhattan, Moonraker, and The Black Stallion.
The new leadership agreed to back Heaven's Gate, a project of director Michael Cimino, which vastly overran its budget and cost $44 million. This led to the resignation of Albeck who was replaced by Norbert Auerbach. United Artists recorded a major loss for the year due almost entirely to the box-office failure of Heaven's Gate. It destroyed UA's reputation with Transamerica and the greater Hollywood community. However, it may have saved the United Artists name, as UA's final head before the sale, Steven Bach, wrote in his book Final Cut that there was talk about renaming United Artists to Transamerica Pictures.
In 1980, Transamerica decided to exit the film making business, and put United Artists on the market. Kirk Kerkorian's Tracinda Corp. purchased the company in 1981. Tracinda also owned Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer.
United Artists Classics
In 1981, United Artists Classics, which formerly re-released library titles, was turned into a first-run art film distributor by Nathaniel T. Kwit, Jr. Tom Bernard was hired as the division director, as well as handling theatrical sales, and Ira Deutchman was hired as head of marketing. Later the division added Michael Barker and Donna Gigliotti. Deutchman left to form Cinecom, and Barker and Bernard formed Orion Classics and Sony Pictures Classics. The label mostly released foreign and independent films such as Cutter's Way, Ticket to Heaven and The Grey Fox, and occasional first-run reissues from the UA library, such as director's cuts of Head Over Heels. When Barker and Bernard left to form Orion Classics, the label was briefly rechristened in 1984 as MGM/UA Classics before it ceased operating in the late 1980s.
MGM/UA Entertainment Company
The merged studios became known as the MGM/UA Entertainment Company and in 1982 began launching new subsidiaries: the MGM/UA Home Entertainment Group, MGM/UA Classics and MGM/UA Television Group. Kerkorian also bid for the remaining, outstanding public stock, but dropped his bid, facing lawsuits and vocal opposition.
In 1981, Fred Silverman and George Reeves via InterMedia Entertainment struck a deal with the studio to produce films and TV shows.
After the purchase, David Begelman's duties were transferred from MGM to MGM/UA. Under Begelman, MGM/UA produced unsuccessful films and he was fired in July 1982. Of the 11 films he put into production, by the time of his termination only Poltergeist proved to be a hit.
As part of the consolidation, in 1983, MGM closed United Artists' long time headquarters at 729 Seventh Avenue in New York City. MGM/UA sold the former UA music publishing division to CBS Songs in 1983.
WarGames and Octopussy made substantial profits for the new MGM/UA in 1983, but were not sufficient for Kerkorian. It did not help that WarGames was briefly caught in a legal dispute with EMI Films concerning the film's funding and international rights. A 1985-restructuring led to independent MGM and UA production units with the combined studio leaders each placed in charge of a single unit. Speculation from analysts was that one of the studios, most likely UA, would be sold to fund the other's (MGM) stock buy-back to take that studio private. However, soon afterwards, one unit's chief was fired and the remaining executive, Alan Ladd, Jr., took charge of both.
Turner
On August 7, 1985, Ted Turner announced that his Turner Broadcasting System would buy MGM/UA. As film licensing to television became more complicated, Turner saw the value of acquiring MGM's film library for his superstation WTBS. Under the terms of the deal, Turner would immediately sell United Artists back to Kerkorian.
In anticipation, Kerkorian installed film producer Jerry Weintraub as the chairman and chief executive of United Artists Corporation in November 1985; former ABC executive Anthony Thomopoulos was recruited as UA's president. Weintraub's tenure at UA was brief; he left the studio in April 1986, replaced by former Lorimar executive Lee Rich. In anticipation, during the split, SLM Production Group moved its distribution deal to United Artists, after having left MGM/UA temporarily for 20th Century Fox.
On March 25, 1986, Turner finalized his acquisition of MGM/UA in a cash-stock deal for $1.5 billion and renamed it MGM Entertainment Co. Kerkorian then repurchased most of United Artists' assets for roughly $480 million. As a result of this transaction, the original United Artists ceased to exist. Kerkorian, for all intents and purposes, created an entirely new company implementing the inherited assets; thus, the present day UA is not the legal successor to the original incarnation, though it shares similar assets. United Artists has plans to launch its new headquarters on Beverly Hills, which was set to take effect on November 1, 1985, shortly before the Turner deal was finalized. On April 23, 1986, United Artists and Hoyts, the Australian cinema chain and distribution company, inked a three-picture deal to co-produce films.
MGM/UA Communications Company
Due to financial community concerns over his debt load, Ted Turner was forced to sell MGM's production and distribution assets to United Artists for $300 million on August 26, 1986. The MGM lot and lab facilities were sold to Lorimar-Telepictures. Turner kept the pre-May 1986 MGM film and television library, along with the Associated Artists Productions library, and the RKO Pictures films that United Artists had previously purchased. On August 21, 1986, United Artists announced its re-entry into film production; Baby Boom and Real Men were the first new films to commence production, with a slate of 26 films to follow in development.
United Artists was renamed MGM/UA Communications Company and organized into three main units: one television production and two film units. David Gerber headed up the television unit with Anthony Thomopoulous at United Artists, and Alan Ladd, Jr. at MGM. Despite a resurgence at the box office in 1987 with Spaceballs, The Living Daylights, and Moonstruck, MGM/UA lost $88 million. That November, Hoyts and United Artists decided to end their co-production partnership.
In April 1988, Kerkorian's 82 percent of MGM/UA was up for sale; MGM and UA were split by July. Eventually, 25 percent of MGM was offered to Burt Sugarman, and producers Jon Peters and Peter Guber, but the plan later fell through. Rich, Ladd, Thomopoulous and other executives grew tired of Kerkorian's antics and began to leave. By summer 1988, the mass exodus of executives started to affect productions, with many film cancellations. The 1989 sale of MGM/UA to the Australian company Qintex/Australian Television Network (owners of the Hal Roach library, which both MGM and United Artists had distributed in the 1930s) also fell through, due to the company's bankruptcy later that year; Ted Turner attempted to buy the assets again but failed. UA was essentially dormant after 1990 and released no films for several years.
The 1990s
In November 1990, Italian financier Giancarlo Parretti purchased MGM/UA. He'd previously purchased Cannon Films and renamed it Pathé Communications, anticipating a successful purchase of Pathé, the famed French film company. But his attempt failed – largely from the French government looking into Parretti's shady past – and instead he merged MGM/UA with his former company, resulting in MGM-Pathé Communications Co. During the transaction, Parretti overstated his own financial condition and obtained a loan under false pretenses; this was a harbinger of the chaos the studio fell into under his ownership. Debts went unpaid, forcing the delay of several films, as Parretti looted the company, fired most of the financial staff and feuded with Alan Ladd Jr. over control. To prevent any further damage (and in part to prevent their own financial misdeeds from coming to light), Crédit Lyonnais, Parretti's primary lender, foreclosed on the studio in 1992. This resulted in Parretti defaulting on his loans and subsequently being convicted of securities fraud. On July 2, 1992, MGM-Pathé Communications was again named Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, Inc. In an effort to make MGM/UA saleable, Credit Lyonnais ramped up production and convinced John Calley to run UA. Under his supervision, Calley revived the Pink Panther and James Bond franchises and highlighted UA's past by giving the widest release ever to a film with an NC-17 rating, Showgirls. Credit Lyonnais sold MGM in 1996, again to Kirk Kerkorian's Tracinda, leading to Calley's departure.
In 1999, filmmaker Francis Ford Coppola attempted to buy UA from Kerkorian who rejected the offer. Coppola signed a production deal with the studio instead.
The 2000s to the 2020s
In 1999, UA was re-positioned as a specialty studio. MGM had just acquired The Samuel Goldwyn Company, which had been a leading distributor of arthouse films. After that name was retired, MGM folded UA into Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Pictures. G2 Films, the renamed Goldwyn Company and MGM's specialty London operations, was renamed United Artists International. The distributorship, branding, and copyrights for two of UA's main franchises (Pink Panther, and Rocky) were moved to MGM, although select MGM releases (notably the James Bond franchise co-held with Danjaq, LLC and the Amityville Horror remake) carry a United Artists copyright. The first arthouse film to bear the UA name was Things You Can Tell Just by Looking at Her.
United Artists hired Bingham Ray to run the company on September 1, 2001. Under his supervision, the company produced and distributed many art films, including Bowling for Columbine, 2002's Nicholas Nickleby, and the winner of that year's Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film, No Man's Land; and 2004's Undertow, and Hotel Rwanda, a co-production of UA and Lions Gate Entertainment, and made deals with companies like American Zoetrope and Revolution Films. Ray stepped down from the company in 2004.
In 2005, a partnership of Comcast, Sony and several merchant banks bought United Artists and its parent, MGM, for $4.8 billion. Though only a minority investor, Sony closed MGM's distribution system and folded most of its staff into its own studio. The movies UA had completed and planned for release—Capote, Art School Confidential, The Woods, and Romance and Cigarettes —were reassigned to Sony Pictures Classics.
In March 2006, MGM announced that it would return again as a domestic distribution company. Striking distribution deals with The Weinstein Company, Lakeshore Entertainment, Bauer Martinez Entertainment, and other independent studios, MGM distributed films from these companies. MGM continued funding and co-producing projects released in conjunction with Sony's Columbia TriStar Motion Picture Group on a limited basis and produced tent-poles for its own distribution company, MGM Distribution.
Sony had a minority stake in MGM, but otherwise MGM and UA operated under the direction of Stephen Cooper (CEO and minority owner of MGM).
United Artists Entertainment
On November 2, 2006, MGM announced that Tom Cruise and his long-time production partner Paula Wagner were resurrecting UA. This announcement came after the duo were released from a fourteen-year production relationship at Viacom-owned Paramount Pictures. Cruise, Wagner and MGM Studios created United Artists Entertainment LLC and the producer/actor and his partner owned a 30 percent stake in the studio, with the approval by MGM's consortium of owners. The deal gave them control over production and development. Wagner was named CEO, and was allotted an annual slate of four films with varying budget ranges, while Cruise served as a producer for the revamped studio and the occasional star.
UA became the first motion picture studio granted a Writers Guild of America, West (WGA) waiver in January 2008 during the Writers' Strike.
On August 14, 2008, MGM announced that Wagner would leave UA to produce films independently. Her output as head of UA was two films, both starring Cruise, Lions for Lambs and Valkyrie. Wagner's departure led to speculation that a UA overhaul was imminent.
Since then, UA has served as a co-producer with MGM for two releases: the 2009 remake of Fame and Hot Tub Time Machine—these are the last original films to date to bear the UA banner.
A 2011 financial report revealed that MGM reacquired its 100 percent stake in United Artists. MGM stated that it might continue to make new films under the UA brand. Currently, however, UA itself functions in-name-only.
United Artists Media Group and United Artists Digital Studios
On September 22, 2014, MGM acquired a 55 percent interest in One Three Media and Lightworkers Media, both operated by Mark Burnett and Roma Downey and partly owned by Hearst Entertainment. The two companies were consolidated into a new television company, United Artists Media Group (UAMG), a revival of the UA brand. Burnett became UAMG's CEO and Downey became president of Lightworkers Media, the UAMG family and faith division. UAMG became the distributing studio for Mark Burnett Productions programming such as Survivor. UAMG was to form an over-the-top faith-based channel.
On December 14, 2015, MGM announced that it had acquired the remaining 45 percent stake of UAMG it did not already own and folded UAMG into its own television division. Hearst, Downey and Burnett received stakes in MGM collectively valued at $233 million. Additionally, Burnett was promoted to president for MGM Television, replacing the outgoing Roma Khanna. The planned over-the-top faith service (later to be branded as a combined OTT/digital subchannel service known as Light TV, now the TheGrio) became a separate entity owned by MGM, Burnett, Downey and Hearst.
On August 14, 2018, The Hollywood Reporter reported that MGM revived the brand as United Artists Digital Studios for the Stargate Origins web series as part of an attempted relaunch of its Stargate franchise which also included a dedicated streaming media platform known as Stargate Command, thus following in the footsteps of Paramount Global's CBS All Access platform (now Paramount+).
Film library
A majority of UA's post-1952 library is now owned by MGM, while the pre-1952 films (with few exceptions) were either sold to other companies such as National Telefilm Associates (now a part of the Melange/Republic Pictures holdings owned by Paramount Global, with Paramount Pictures handling their distribution) or are in the public domain. However, throughout the studio's history, UA acted more as a distributor than a film studio, crediting the copyright to the production company responsible. This explains why certain UA releases, such as High Noon (1952) and The Final Countdown (1980), are still under copyright but not owned by MGM. The MGM titles which UA distributed from 1973 to 1982 are now owned by Turner (under Warner Bros.).
UA films on video
UA originally leased the home video rights to its films to Magnetic Video, the first home video company. Fox purchased Magnetic in 1981 and renamed it 20th Century-Fox Video that year. In 1982, 20th Century-Fox Video merged with CBS Video Enterprises (which earlier split from MGM/CBS Home Video after MGM merged with UA) giving birth to CBS/Fox Video. Although MGM owned UA around this time, UA's licensing deal with CBS/Fox (which also included sublabels Key Video and Playhouse Video) was still in effect. However, the newly renamed MGM/UA Home Video started releasing some UA product, including UA films originally released in the mid-80s. Prior to MGM's purchase, UA licensed foreign video rights to Warner Bros. through Warner Home Video, in a deal that was set to expire in 1991. In 1986, the pre-1950 WB and the pre-May 1986 MGM film and television libraries were purchased by Ted Turner after his short-lived ownership of MGM/UA, and as a result CBS/Fox lost home video rights to the pre-1950 WB films to MGM/UA Home Video, which licensed them from Turner. When the deal with CBS/Fox (inherited from Magnetic Video) expired in 1989, the UA released films were released through MGM/UA Home Video.
Before the Magnetic Video and Warner Home Video deals in 1980, United Artists had exclusive rental contacts with a small video label called VidAmerica in the US, and another small label called Intervision Video in the UK. for the home video release of 20 titles from the UA library (e.g. The Great Escape, Some Like It Hot, and Hair, along with a few pre-1950 WB titles).
United Artists Broadcasting
United Artists owned and operated two television stations under the "United Artists Broadcasting" name: WUAB in Cleveland, Ohio (nominally licensed to Lorain, Ohio) which the studio built and sign on in 1968, WRIK-TV in San Juan, Puerto Rico, which was purchased in 1969, and held a construction permit for a station in Houston, Texas. In 1970, United Artists purchased radio station WWSH in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
United Artists left the broadcasting business starting in 1977 by selling WUAB to the Gaylord Broadcasting Company and WWSH to Cox Enterprises, followed by WRIK-TV's sale to Tommy Muñiz in 1979.
United Artists Releasing
United Artists Releasing, LLC (UAR) was a local film distribution joint venture between MGM and Annapurna Pictures founded by former MGM CEO Gary Barber, businessman and Open Road Films founder Eric Hohl and Annapurna founder Megan Ellison on 31 October 2017, it rebranded as United Artists Releasing on 5 February 2019 to commemorate 100 years since the founding of United Artists, it operated within with offices of the headquarters of the respective companies in West Hollywood and Los Angeles in California and offered alternative services to the major film studios and streaming media companies with 10–14 films released annually.
On 26 May 2021, online shopping and technology company Amazon acquired MGM Holdings, the parent company of MGM, for $8.45 billion which was completed on 17 March 2022 and consequentially placed United Artists Releasing under the control of Amazon Studios. Amazon then folded United Artists Releasing into MGM on 4 March 2023 in a push towards cinematic/theatrical film distribution alongside their staple media releases on their video on demand service Amazon Prime Video following the box-office success of Creed III.
See also
List of United Artists films
Notes
References
Further reading
Bach, Steven. Final Cut. New York: Morrow, 1985.
Balio, Tino. United Artists: The Company Built by the Stars. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1976.
Balio, Tino. United Artists: The Company That Changed the Film Industry. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1987.
Berg, A. Scott. Goldwyn. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1988.
Gabler, Neal. An Empire of Their Own: How the Jews Invented Hollywood. New York: Crown Publishers, 1988.
Schickel, Richard. D.W. Griffith: An American Life. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1983.
Thomson, David. Showman: The Life of David O. Selznick. New York: Alfred A, Knopf, 1992.
External links
(archived)
United Artists Corporation Records 1919–1965 — at the Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research.
United Artists
1919 establishments in California
2019 disestablishments in California
American film studios
Charlie Chaplin
Cinema of Southern California
Companies based in Beverly Hills, California
D. W. Griffith
Entertainment companies based in California
Entertainment companies established in 1919
Entertainment companies disestablished in 2020
Film distributors of the United States
Film production companies of the United States
Culture of Hollywood, Los Angeles
Mary Pickford
Former Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer subsidiaries
Mass media companies established in 1919
Mass media companies disestablished in 2020
1981 mergers and acquisitions
Academy Award for Technical Achievement winners
1950s initial public offerings |
15783033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Les%20Magny | Les Magny | Les Magny is a commune in the Haute-Saône department in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France.
See also
Communes of the Haute-Saône department
References
Communes of Haute-Saône |
74967922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh%20Kruger | Josh Kruger | Josh Kruger (August 21, 1984 – October 2, 2023) was an American journalist and advocate. As a journalist, he wrote for, among others, The Philadelphia Inquirer, Philadelphia Magazine, the Philadelphia Citizen, and the Philly Voice about LGBT rights, addiction, AIDS, and homelessness.
Career
Kruger moved to Philadelphia in 2002 to attend the University of Pennsylvania, where he studied political science and anthropology. Following this, he worked in community development and local non-profits for five years. He won the Society of Professional Journalists' award for newspaper commentary in Pennsylvania in 2014 and 2015.
Kruger worked in Philadelphia's city government between 2016 and 2021, both as a content creator and social media manager for the mayor, and as a communications director for the Office of Homeless Services. He left in 2021 to return to journalism.
Personal life
Kruger had previously struggled with addiction and homelessness, and drew on those subjects in his writing and activism. He was diagnosed as HIV-positive in his late 20s, and wrote about the need for accessible treatments for those with the condition.
Death and legacy
On October 2, 2023, Kruger was shot seven times inside his home in South Philadelphia. He was subsequently rushed to a hospital, where he was pronounced dead in the same day. On October 6, police announced they had identified 19-year-old Robert Edmond Davis as a suspect in Kruger's death.
Davis, according to his family, was in a drug-involved relationship with Kruger since Davis was 15 years old and Kruger was 35. Davis' family stated that he told them Kruger was threatening to post sexually explicit videos of him online.
Multiple public officials memorialized him, including both of the state's U.S. Senators John Fetterman and Bob Casey Jr., as well as District Attorney of Philadelphia Larry Krasner.
References
1984 births
2023 deaths
2023 murders in the United States
21st-century American journalists
21st-century American LGBT people
Deaths by firearm in Pennsylvania
Gay journalists
LGBT people from Pennsylvania
Male murder victims
Murdered American journalists
The Philadelphia Inquirer people
Writers from Philadelphia |
4760580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rose%20Atoll%20Marine%20National%20Monument | Rose Atoll Marine National Monument | Rose Atoll Marine National Monument is a United States National Monument in the South Pacific Ocean, covering and encompassing the Rose Atoll National Wildlife Refuge, which was established in 1973 with , only of which is emergent. The monument's marine areas are likely to also be incorporated in the National Marine Sanctuary of American Samoa.
Rose Atoll is a small island about to the east of Tutuila, the principal island of American Samoa. It is a nesting site for rare species of petrels, shearwaters, and terns; and at the signing of the order establishing the monument, President George W. Bush noted that "the waters surrounding the atoll are the home of many rare species, including giant clams and reef sharks—as well as an unusual abundance of rose-colored corals". The wildlife refuge is managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, and the wider-ranging monument waters are co-managed by the United States Fish and Wildlife Service and the Office of National Marine Sanctuaries, a component of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).
See also
List of national monuments of the United States
References
External links
Rose Atoll Marine National Monument – FWS
Rose Atoll National Wildlife Refuge
Rose Atoll Marine National Monument – NOAA Fisheries
Rose Atoll National Wildlife Refuge Planning Update
Copy of official map of National Monument designation (PDF)
White House Press Release on Monument Designation
2009 establishments in American Samoa
National monuments in insular areas of the United States
Protected areas established in 2009
Protected areas of American Samoa |
26755180 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glyphostoma%20neglecta | Glyphostoma neglecta | Glyphostoma neglecta is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Clathurellidae.
Description
The size of an adult shell varies between 6 mm and 14 mm. The ribs are rounded, approximated, and transversely elevately striated. The color of the shell is rusty brown.
Distribution
this species occurs in the Pacific Ocean from Mexico to Ecuador.
References
External links
neglecta
Gastropods described in 1843 |
69012548 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigrolamia | Nigrolamia | Nigrolamia is a genus of beetle in the family Cerambycidae.
Species
References
Lamiini
Cerambycidae genera |
64506506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hridoye%20Mati%20O%20Manush | Hridoye Mati O Manush | Hridoye Mati O Manush (Bengali: হৃদয়ে মাটি ও মানুষ) is an agricultural TV series produced, presented and directed by Shykh Seraj, a private television channel in Bangladesh, which started broadcasting weekly every Saturday from February 21, 2004, at 9:50 pm. The program collects and broadcasts various agricultural information from the country as well as from outside of the country (Bangladesh).
References
Television in Bangladesh
Bangladeshi television shows
Channel i original programming |
37813694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diane%20Caldwell | Diane Caldwell | Diane Evelyn Caldwell (born 11 September 1988) is an Irish professional footballer who plays as a defender for FC Zürich Frauen and the Republic of Ireland national team.
Having played in her native Ireland with Raheny United, Caldwell moved to the United States to play collegiately at Hofstra University in 2006. She went on to play in three American leagues: the USL W-League with Hudson Valley Quickstrike, Women's Premier Soccer League with Albany Alleycats and National Women's Soccer League with North Carolina Courage. Caldwell has also played in Iceland for Þór/KA, in Norway with Avaldsnes IL, for German clubs 1. FC Köln and SC Sand, and in England with Manchester United and Reading and FC Zürich Frauen
Early life
Born in Balbriggan, County Dublin,Caldwell attended Mount Temple Comprehensive School and played for local club Balbriggan FC. In January 2006, she moved to Raheny United of the Dublin Women's Soccer League.
College career
In autumn 2006, Caldwell enrolled at Hofstra University and played four seasons for Hofstra Pride while studying for a bachelor's in physical education teaching. She played in 15 games in her debut year including 14 starts, scoring once, the tying goal late in a 2–1 comeback win over Fordham. She was named to the Colonial Athletic Association All-Rookie team. In 2007, Hofstra won the CAA Tournament title with a 1–0 win over VCU Rams. Caldwell assisted the game-winner in the final. In total, Caldwell made 76 appearances and scored eight goals.
Having exhausted her college eligibility for football, Caldwell returned to Hofstra to study for a master's in sports science in 2010. She tried out for the field hockey team in spring, eventually earning a place for the 2010 season. She had previously played hockey as a teenager and was offered a trial for Leinster but declined to focus on football.
Club career
In 2011, Caldwell was named to the preseason roster of Women's Professional Soccer (WPS) franchise magicJack but did not sign for the team. Instead, Caldwell played for Albany Alleycats in the Women's Premier Soccer League (WPSL) in 2011 before joining Icelandic Úrvalsdeild team Þór/KA to finish the 2011 campaign. She scored two goals in eight appearances in all competitions including in a Champions League round of 32 match against Turbine Potsdam.
Avaldsnes
Ahead of the 2012 season, Caldwell moved to Avaldsnes IL of the Norwegian 1. divisjon. She played in 20 of 22 league games as Avaldsnes finished top and won promotion to the Toppserien. In the following three seasons, Avaldsnes retained their Toppserien status with 4th, 5th and 2nd-place finishes with the latter qualifying the team for the UEFA Women's Champions League for the first time, and also reached two Norwegian Women's Cup finals: losing both the 2013 final 1–0 to Stabæk and 3–2 to LSK Kvinner in 2015. With the owner heavily investing in the club including bringing in national team players from Norway, Sweden, Iceland and Brazil, Caldwell faced heavy competition for her place in the squad during the 2015 season. Under the new management of Tom Nordlie, Caldwell was limited to four appearances in 2015 and decided to leave at the end of the season: "At that time, a new coach had come in. I was working really hard to try to prove him wrong, but he obviously didn't fancy me as a player, didn't give me a chance." In total she played 66 games for Avaldsnes and scored eight goals.
1. FC Köln
In January 2016, Caldwell joined 2015–16 Frauen-Bundesliga strugglers 1. FC Köln on a short-term deal as the club looked to bolster in a bid to stave off relegation. However, Caldwell played in six matches, all defeats, as Köln dropped out of the league.
SC Sand
She left at the end of the season, opting to remain in the Bundesliga with SC Sand following a successful trial with the club. She made 24 appearances in all competitions in her first season with the club including in the 2017 DFB-Pokal Final as Sand lost 2–1 to Wolfsburg for the second consecutive final. She cited her spell at SC Sand, particularly under Colin Bell who signed her for Sand and would later manage the Irish national team, as a rejuvenating experience following tough periods with Avaldsnes and Köln. Bell most notably took Caldwell from being a versatile utility player in midfield and at full-back, and told her to focus playing at centre-back. During the COVID-19 pandemic with Germany in a lockdown and the Bundesliga still suspended, Caldwell and her Sand teammates volunteered as farm labourers to pick asparagus and strawberries to cover for the migrant worker shortage. In August 2020, Caldwell was named captain in place of the departing Anne van Bonn ahead of the 2020–21 season. Caldwell left SC Sand midway through the season to pursue another playing opportunity.
North Carolina Courage
On 19 January 2021, Caldwell returned to the United States to join North Carolina Courage of the National Women's Soccer League, signing a one-year contract with an additional option year. In December 2021, North Carolina declined Caldwell's contract option at the end of the season. She had made eight appearances for the club.
Manchester United
On 27 January 2022, Caldwell signed a short-term contract with Women's Super League club Manchester United for the remainder of the 2021–22 season. She made six appearances in all competitions before leaving the club at the end of her contract on 30 June 2022.
Reading
On 11 August 2022, Caldwell signed with Reading of the English Women's Super League.
International career
Caldwell made her Republic of Ireland under-17 debut at 14-years-old. She appeared during qualifying cycles for the 2005 and 2006 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship, earning 18 caps up to under-19 level by 2005.
On 15 March 2006, Caldwell made her senior Republic of Ireland debut at the age of 17, appearing in a 4–0 defeat to Denmark in the 2006 Algarve Cup. Her first competitive appearance came later that month, in a 2–0 2007 FIFA World Cup qualifying defeat by Switzerland at Gurzelen Stadion.
Having agreed with Hofstra to be released for any international call-ups, either under-19 or senior, Caldwell was frozen out of international contention by manager Noel King after he threatened to leave her out if she didn't attend the 2009 World Student Games in July 2009, something Hofstra had not agreed on as an unofficial non-FIFA competition.
She was not recalled until King was replaced by Susan Ronan who named Caldwell in her first squad, a friendly against Switzerland in August 2011. Caldwell scored her first senior international goal on 6 March 2013 in a 5–1 win over Northern Ireland in the 2013 Cyprus Women's Cup, her 21st cap and her first playing in the number seven shirt following the retirement of Ciara Grant the previous month.
In Autumn 2021 Ireland coach Vera Pauw dropped Caldwell from the starting line-up in favour of Savannah McCarthy but insisted that Caldwell remained an important player: "It doesn’t mean she's out forever, she's a very good player Diane Caldwell, and I've huge respect for her. But we are professionals and we need to win games." Caldwell captained Ireland for the first time on 19 February 2022, in a 1–0 defeat by Russia at the 2022 Pinatar Cup.
Career statistics
Club
.
International
As of 11 March 2020. Ireland score listed first, score column indicates score after each Caldwell goal.
Honours
Hofstra Pride
Colonial Athletic Association Tournament: 2007
Avaldsnes IL
1. divisjon: 2012
References
External links
Diane Caldwell at UEFA
Diane Caldwell at FAI
1988 births
Living people
People from Balbriggan
Sportspeople from Fingal
People educated at Mount Temple Comprehensive School
Women's association football defenders
Women's association football midfielders
Republic of Ireland women's association footballers
Republic of Ireland women's youth international footballers
Republic of Ireland women's international footballers
Republic of Ireland expatriate women's association footballers
Raheny United F.C. players
Women's National League (Ireland) players
Hofstra Pride women's soccer players
USL W-League (1995–2015) players
Women's Premier Soccer League players
Diane Caldwell
Besta deild kvenna players
Expatriate women's footballers in Iceland
Irish expatriate sportspeople in Iceland
Avaldsnes IL players
Toppserien players
Expatriate women's footballers in Norway
Irish expatriate sportspeople in Norway
1. FC Köln (women) players
Frauen-Bundesliga players
Expatriate women's footballers in Germany
Irish expatriate sportspeople in Germany
SC Sand players
North Carolina Courage players
National Women's Soccer League players
Expatriate women's soccer players in the United States
Irish expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Manchester United W.F.C. players
Reading F.C. Women players
Women's Super League
Expatriate women's footballers in England
Irish expatriate sportspeople in England
Hofstra University alumni
2023 FIFA Women's World Cup players
Expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland |
21941846 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Reno%20911%21%20characters | List of Reno 911! characters | This is a list of characters appearing on the television program Reno 911!.
Main characters
Lieutenant Dangle
Lieutenant James "Jim" Ronald Dangle (played by Thomas Lennon) is the flamboyant highest-ranking deputy in the department and is usually seen wearing his trademark short-shorts, which he claims that he wears for "mobility." In a season 6 episode where the officers watch a video of themselves in the late 1980s, Dangle is seen wearing full-length jeans. Unfortunately, his jeans caught fire, forcing Dangle to cut the bottom parts of his pants off, resulting in the hot-pants he currently wears.
Dangle is gay. In an interview about Reno 911 and his character Dangle, Lennon says, "There's always this question, 'When's Dangle coming out?' and I'm like, 'Have you seen the show?' On the first episode, he makes out with another man for about two minutes.. I guess people think he's closeted because Trudy is in love with him, but that has more to do with the fact that she's severely brain-damaged."
He openly harbors an attraction to Jones and occasionally flirts with suspects. In one episode, Jones apparently had sex with him out of sympathy ("I'll try anything once"), after which Dangle was hospitalized because, as Jones said it, "he can't fucking walk." (The incident occurs off-camera, with the actual events undisclosed). Dangle was briefly married to a woman named Debbie (see below) and he briefly believed that he fathered a son (a result of sex with what he thought was a drag queen), but DNA results proved otherwise. Dangle also felt attracted to a female officer from the Department of Homeland Security who was in Reno to conduct counter-terrorism training but the experience left him uncomfortable and confused. It was revealed later that the female officer was actually a very well-disguised man (and was part of a team of con artists, along with the other Homeland Security "trainer"), which caused sexual confusion among the heterosexual deputies who had also felt attracted to "her".
Prior to Trudy's brain damage, Dangle apparently had an affair with her while married to Deb in 1988. Despite her brain damage, he still engages Trudy romantically on occasion, most notably in Reno 911!: Miami, where Trudy asks Dangle to have sex with her out of pity; to which he tries but fails.
Dangle leads the briefings in the mornings, but often ditches work along with a few other officers, as one time Dangle spent an afternoon trying to destroy an old microwave instead of helping investigate a murder. He apparently keeps tabs on officers after or during work, as he is found by Johnson in her favorite salon, using her name for an appointment.
Dangle is favorable to Jones, and compares Jones to "Glue" saying he and the department are "A little birdhouse that Jones is keeping together." Dangle, along with the entire department, is extremely under-qualified for his job, as he is sometimes either seduced or misled by suspects to let them go. Dangle engages in police brutality with his fellow officers, as he once beat a suspect to the point of tears after the suspect had insulted him. Dangle looks up to the FBI, as in an episode where a group of FBI agents come to investigate a murder, he makes his officers line up in a perfect order to greet them, and takes on an "Important" mission to get coffee for the agents happily, but resents them for taking his case.
Dangle once worked as a maitre d' and served in the United States Coast Guard Reserve (stationed in Hawaii) but was discharged for undisclosed reasons (perhaps pertaining to his sexuality). In Episode 102, his age is noted as 41.
Dangle was born and raised in Arkansas. Dangle's father abandoned his family when he was a child and his mother committed suicide, after which he was raised by his Uncle Frederick who was kicked out of the Jesuits. Meanwhile, Dangle's father moved to Chicago and started a new family.
Dangle's father had two more African-American children who appear in Episode 505 to visit Dangle after the death of their father to settle the will. The will turns out to be a bill for the funeral of more than $5,000, and a Banana Splits keychain that Dangle's half-sister gives to him.
Dangle is also the subject of a running gag in which his police bicycle is repeatedly stolen or vandalized. It is hinted that Deputy Junior is responsible for these incidents. Dangle carries a Desert Eagle Handgun while hunting for his bike.
Deputy Wiegel
Deputy Trudy Wiegel (played by Kerri Kenney-Silver) is a brain-damaged, emotionally unstable, heavily-medicated woman. She is a hypochondriac with multiple psychological disorders, occasional night terrors, and suicidal ideations. She is a generally neurotic person with low self-esteem and an intense love for cats. She claims to be of Irish and Native American descent.
Wiegel enjoys crafts and collecting baby clothes, and is infatuated with Lt. Dangle. Her favorite picnic location is her mother's grave. In Season 2 she began dating a man named Craig Pullin (Kyle Dunnigan), who was revealed to be the "Truckee River Killer". After his arrest and conviction, she continued their relationship via prison visits, both through a glass partition and conjugal visits; they married on the day of his execution. Wiegel's father, mentioned in Season 1 and appearing in Season 5, is a Native American. (Comedy Central censors removed a 30-second story about her father being lynched by a white mob reacting to news that a non-white man "raped" her mother).
The fourth season began with Wiegel returning after six months of personal leave while pregnant; actress Kerri Kenney-Silver's pregnancy was written into the show.
In Season 6 episode "VHS Transfer Memory Lane" it is revealed that Wiegel's behavior and mental defects are the result of a brain injury that occurred during an explosion at a drug raid in 1988. Wiegel was rendered unconscious by an explosion and was clinically dead for 14 minutes, causing severe brain damage. She was resuscitated by Dangle, who regrets saving her life. The doctor who treated her thereafter said he "should have let her go." Prior to the drug raid, she was a flirtatious sexpot.
There is some information that contradicts the timeline. In the episode "Stoner Jesus", Jones mentions that he has worked with Wiegel for 15 years, yet in a prior episode "VHS Transfer Memory Lane" aired during the same season, he was shown in the police video tape from 1988 working alongside Wiegel, which would have been 21 years prior to that episode.
Wiegel usually adheres to the department's uniform code, except for when she requests and is granted a new Kevlar vest for women (soon revealed to be ineffective). She wears a looser maternity version of the uniform when pregnant, and makes reference to having worn maternity pants to work. A running gag indicates that Wiegel is ill-equipped to dress properly when performing undercover work that requires seductive clothing, such as an undercover prostitution sting. In such cases, Wiegel wears old-fashioned and over-sized underclothing which fits poorly with her skimpy undercover outfit.
Deputy Jones
Deputy Sergeant Class II Sisyphus Cosman Jones (played by Cedric Yarbrough) is an emotionally detached African-American "smooth-talker" who frequently channels his need for attention into sexually promiscuous behavior. He is often called "Jonesy" by his co-workers.
Jones was raised in Mound, Minnesota (a suburb of the "Twin Cities" area of Minneapolis-St. Paul). He has been described by Dangle as "a big, hardworking, robust, sort of mocha-ish person." He is a horrible dancer, but a talented singer with a wide vocal range, singing in either a deep baritone or a high-pitched, R&B-style falsetto.
Jones was often partnered with Deputy Garcia and the two were close friends (until Garcia's death at the end of Season 5), even getting jobs together as shopping mall security guards when they lost their jobs as deputies and both getting promoted to mounted patrol, where they were still partners. Jones has some tense moments with him, once punching Garcia for making a racist joke, which caused him to be suspended. In season seven, after it is discovered that Garcia was born in Mexico and has been living as an illegal alien, he and Jones marry to keep him from being deported, after everyone else in the station refused to do so.
Despite Garcia's racism, he and Jones have an awkwardly healthy working relationship. As close as they are, however, they occasionally engage in childish physical altercations with each other. It is implied—typically, by Deputy Williams herself—that he is Raineesha's ex-boyfriend, although he seems to pursue every woman other than her.
Despite Williams' jealous attraction to him, he has an on-again/off-again, "booty call"-type relationship with Deputy Johnson. Jones is the only male deputy that does not have a moustache. Jones' first name was previously unknown, only revealed as starting with "S". In Reno 911!: Miami: The Lost Version, it is revealed that Jones' first name is Sven. However, in the season seven episode "Garcia Self Deports," Garcia refers to him as "Sisyphus Cosman Jones" during the vow exchange of their wedding ceremony.
In an episode in season 6, they watch a tape from the year 1988. In this time, he is revealed to be more confident than his current time, and has a sexual attraction to officer Raineesha Williams. Lt. Dangle then forwards the tape to November 10, 1988 involving a meth lab with armed dealers guarding it. After an assorted amount of mishaps, Jones starts to scream in an extremely high pitch voice, and runs out. Afterwards, he loses all sexual attraction to officer Raineesha Williams, and gained an attraction to officer Clementine Johnson.
Jones is the third in command below Lt. Dangle and Deputy Garcia, who holds the rank of Deputy Sergeant Class III, and is followed by Deputy Johnson, who holds the rank of Deputy Sergeant Class I.
Deputy Garcia
Deputy Sergeant Class III James Oswaldo Garcia (Season 1–Season 5, Season 7–Season 8; played by Carlos Alazraqui) is an arrogant, racist, sexist, angry and depressed former Marine helicopter pilot. A running gag involves Garcia firing shots at people or objects without hitting them due to his comically terrible marksmanship, and giving suspects "a little of the old stick time", in which he beats them with his billy club. Garcia is the first character shown in the series, in which he responds to a police call at a house. It is revealed that it is a surprise party, but a startled Garcia accidentally shoots a fellow officer.
Garcia is known to be very rough when arresting suspects, perhaps as a result of his inferiority complex. He has shot multiple people despite his poor marksmanship. His personal life is often the subject of ridicule by his contemporaries, who mock his frequent bowel movements (Dangle once said that in the men's room, Garcia sounded like the Battle of Normandy), his excessive masturbation and his habit of drinking alone while watching Hill Street Blues reruns. He has a daughter whom he did not see for several years, which once prompted the other deputies to hire a stripper to pretend to be his daughter in order to elate him. He also has a younger sister, whose life the other deputies manage to wreck, because of their mistaken belief that she was his girlfriend and was cheating on Garcia with another man (who turned out to be her actual fiancé). The film Reno 911! Miami revealed that he had flown an AH-1 HueyCobra for the U.S. Marine Corps.
Garcia is usually partnered with Deputy Jones, leading to situational humor involving Garcia's racism and general ignorance of African American culture; despite this, the two are friends. He has had brief relationships with Deps. Johnson and Williams, and on more than one occasion, it is implied that he harbored a homoerotic attraction to Kenny Rogers. In the Season 4 cliffhanger, he elopes with Dangle's husband-to-be Leslie during their civil commitment ceremony, revealed in the Season 5 premiere to be a bizarre practical joke, as Garcia arrests Dangle and his boyfriend on the grounds that gay marriage is illegal in Nevada.
Garcia is killed in the explosion at "Tacos! Tacos! Tacos! Tacos!" at the end of the Season 5. In the Season 6 episode The Midnight Swingers, his ashes are fired from a cannon, as per his will; however, the deputies' attempt misfires and a squad car is destroyed in the process, for which Garcia is subsequently and posthumously blamed.
Garcia is the second in command below Lt. Dangle, and is followed by Deputy Jones, who holds the rank of Deputy Sergeant Class II, and Deputy Johnson, who holds the rank of Deputy Sergeant Class I.
Alazraqui returned as Garcia on the November 13, 2014 episode of @midnight where it was revealed he transferred to Carson City, and his death was a prank to mess with Wiegel.
Deputy Johnson
Deputy Sergeant Class I Clementine "Clemmy" Johnson (Season 1–Season 5, Season 7–Season 8; played by Wendi McLendon-Covey) is a promiscuous, trashy, drug-friendly blonde who always wears her uniform partially unbuttoned, exposing her ample cleavage. Johnson is absent in Season 6 as she was seemingly killed in the explosion at the end of the fifth-season finale - this was later revealed to be a prank and she is alive and well in season 7.
Before joining the Reno Sheriff's Department, Johnson was a magician's assistant in Branson, Missouri, an exotic dancer, a Wiccan and a Steely Dan groupie. Her comment at a wedding about performing the night before for the bachelor party clarified that she had an off-duty job. She has a tattoo on her back which once said "Steed" (a one-time boyfriend), later changed to "Steely Dan" after the relationship ended. Early in the first season, she had a relationship with Jones, but she also enjoyed a brief relationship with Garcia in Season 2, a relationship she compared to "getting a flu shot" ("You do it once, and you never have to do it again!"). Despite this claim, she was shown silently mourning the end of the relationship with Garcia. She had Garcia's face tattooed on her breast after a drunken incident when the sheriffs went to Miami, Florida. On one occasion, she married Steed and later discovered the marriage was unofficial because the couple had forgotten to obtain a marriage license. When she mistakenly believed herself to be pregnant, she approached first Jones and then Dangle about marrying her and acting as a father to her unborn child. She had a troubled relationship with her mother because they sometimes argued over men. In one episode her mother was shown to be working as a prostitute.
When the officers were fired following an investigation by District Attorney Mike Powers (Mather Zickel), Johnson returned to touring with Steely Dan (whom she called "The Dan") for a short time before returning to the Reno Sheriff's Department with the others. Johnson was later promoted in Episode 506 when she confronted the Captain of the sheriff's department regarding objectification through the use of the new "Kevlar for Her" vests. She returned claiming she had been promoted, in which case she would be classified as a Sergeant Class I if everyone else (except Dangle and his second-in-command, Garcia, and third-in-command, Jones) is a Deputy.
Johnson is an admitted drunk driver and a user of marijuana, and is usually lenient toward fellow users.
Johnson is the fourth in command below Lt. Dangle, and Deputy Garcia, who holds the rank of Deputy Sergeant Class III, and Deputy Jones, who holds the rank of Deputy Sergeant Class II.
Deputy Williams
Deputy Raineesha Williams (born Megan Linderman; played by Niecy Nash) is a boisterous woman who enjoys abusing the power over men that her police authority affords her.
Williams' proudest possession is her enormous posterior (a prosthetic that Nash wears under the uniform), which was featured in a pornographic magazine, called "Strong Sistas". She often exclaims "...Haahhh?!?" for effect, after making a blunt statement. She is a single mother, and in one episode claimed she couldn't name the fathers of any of her 3 children, although in another episode, she says that "one of my babies' daddies, he can "read real good." In the show's pilot episode, she claimed to have recently split up with Jones, but she's still willing to answer his booty calls. In Season 5, Jones told a reporter that Williams' real name is Megan Linderman.
Jones has described Williams as a terrible police officer ("they don't even put bullets in her gun") and that she can't even read. She often looks for ways to abuse her authority for her personal benefit; she once converted to the Nation of Islam in an attempt to take the month of September (Ramadan on the Islamic calendar) off from work, so she could vacation at the Atlantis resort. She frequently uses Mace merely out of anger. As other deputies have their trademark personalizations on their uniforms, Raineesha always wears a patrol hat.
At the beginning of Season 3, she worked as a real estate agent before returning to the Sheriff's Department.
Deputy Junior
Deputy Travis Junior (played by Robert Ben Garant) is a stereotypical redneck cop who loves beer, buffalo wings, NASCAR, guns, Ernest movies and—perhaps most of all—his moustache, which he confesses he feels makes him look gay when standing next to Lt. Dangle. His character provides much of the physical comedy for the show, performing most of the major stunts.
Junior trains the police dogs for the department and is rarely seen without his trademark aviator sunglasses. He started wearing his Kevlar vest after he was shot and nearly blinded in a 1988 drug sting. Junior always wears his vest over his uniform shirt; he claimed that he forgets to put the vest under his shirt because he is always a little hung over in the morning. He wears his hair in a military "high and tight" haircut and is cross-eyed, which is why he usually wears sunglasses. Despite this, he claims to be the best shot in the department. Perhaps unsurprisingly, he is the only heterosexual male deputy in the Reno Sheriff's Department that Deputy Johnson hasn't slept with.
Junior spends his time stealing Dangle's bicycle, and likes beating suspects. Junior is considered to be an idiot by most of his fellow officers, as one time, he ran after an invisible suspect in a robbery, upon directions by a bystander who happened to have a gun and several bundles of cash from the store, even after the bystander said he had robbed the store after being "Forced".
Junior has three brothers, who also wear sunglasses and have the same traits: Henry "Hank" Junior, Jr., from Panama City, Florida; Lance Corporal "Rooster" Junior, who serves in the U.S. Marine Corps, currently stationed in Tikrit, Iraq; and "Tater" Junior, from Sparks, Nevada. By season 7, he is married to a Korean woman, has a daughter, and his mother-in-law has moved into their house.
Junior has been reprimanded at least twice for his pornography addiction, and is somewhat in denial about his problem. He is revealed to be Deputy Kimball's cousin. In Episode 3x01 (in which the characters are shown in jail) a swastika tattoo is seen on his chest (similar to the tattoo worn by Edward Norton's character in American History X), but in the 2007 film, he is seen shirtless and the tattoo is absent. At the beginning of season 3, Junior worked at a carnival, something he claims is his "dream job".
There are several running gags concerning Junior. The first is the "traffic stop": Junior pulls over a driver and is rendered unconscious or otherwise by an opening door or something falling off from the vehicle. Another running gag with Junior involves him stealing, or tampering with Lt. Dangle's unattended bicycle, much to Dangle's annoyance. The other running gags usually involve him being mauled by dogs, being electrocuted, catching on fire or falling, jumping or being thrown through or off of something, or otherwise incapacitated.
Deputy Kimball
Deputy Cherisha Kimball (Season 3–Season 5, Season 7–Season 8; played by Mary Birdsong) is a pious, tough, no-nonsense police officer, the polar opposite of Deputy Johnson. Kimball is absent in Season 6, as she was seemingly killed in the explosion at the end of the fifth-season finale - this was later revealed to be a prank and she is alive and well in season 7.
Kimball is originally from Shreveport, Louisiana. She joins Reno Sheriff's Department early in Season 3, winning a competition among top police academy graduates; however, she was only chosen after the two front-runners withdrew for various reasons. She is perpetually accused of being a lesbian, despite her denials when asked, and when asked for dates by lesbians. She spends her off-duty time with her church group (composed of male, Christian virgins), singing karaoke versions of old gospel songs. In one instance, after Kimball states she would be making some major changes in her life after receiving a jet ski, Dangle asked, "You're finally coming out as a lesbian?" He was convinced even after she rejected the statement.
Kimball said that she joined law enforcement because her "past is filled with sin and small time crimes and misdemeanors. Enforcing the law is my way of righting all my wrongs, cleaning up my karma. Also, they give good benefits." When she is the first to arrive at the scene of Junior's "officer down" radio call, and thinking that his gunshot wound was near-fatal, she eventually admits to having had erotic fantasies of women. Deputy Junior then reveals he was not mortally wounded, and had organized the scenario in an attempt to deceive her into having sex with him. In the course of what she thinks is a conversation with a person about to die, the two exchange information on their family backgrounds; Kimball and Junior gradually realize that they share a common uncle in Louisiana. Despite realizing they share a family member, Kimball and Junior are seen being romantically involved. In the episode Kevlar for Her, Kimball and Junior are seen at a bar together seemingly on a date. At the end of the same episode, Junior is seen secretly admiring a wedding ring, seemingly about to propose to Kimball before shooting her ineffective kevlar vest.
Sergeant Declan
Sergeant Jack Declan (Season 6–Season 8; played by Ian Roberts) joined the show in Season 6. He is the new second in command after Lt. Dangle, to whom Declan is often seen sucking up; with the exception being in Season 6 when Department office assistant and barely fluent Cindy mistakenly promotes everyone on the squad to Captain, and Declan tells Dangle to "suck my dick." He is sometimes called "Cap'n Jack" by Dangle and other deputies. He appears confident of himself, when compared to most of the other deputies, but exhibits massive insecurities at other times, such as sobbing uncontrollably and talking to himself through a bathroom stall door, or exhibiting problems with anger management. On one occasion when confronting Cindy about some misplaced clothing he asked her to wash for him, it is alluded to that he may in fact cross-dress, as Junior received the clothing by accident and found extra extra large female undergarments with Jack's initials on them, mixed in with the other clothing. Despite his rage issues, he is still shown to be a very good cop. Declan also carries a bigger and more powerful weapon than the rest of his colleagues. While the other officers carry Beretta 92s, he carries a .44 Magnum revolver.
Deputy Rizzo
Deputy Frank Salvatore Rizzo (Season 6–Season 8; played by Joe Lo Truglio) joined the show in Season 6. He is from Ozone Park, Queens (where Lo Truglio himself was born), where he has been banned from for undisclosed "reasons that [he takes] full responsibility for". He has a long history in law enforcement, working in many cities across the country and is infatuated with Deputy Wiegel (on one occasion, they engaged in sexual activities in a trailer being pulled by an unsuspecting perpetrator and were left across the Mexican border). Deputy Junior has said that despite his history in law enforcement, Rizzo did not have a single recommendation, which Lt. Dangle considers "breaks even". Rizzo is also able to speak Japanese. Rizzo has two children: Frank "Frankie" Salvatore Rizzo, Jr. and Isabella "Izzy" Salvatore Rizzo, and it is implied that he and his wife have divorced.
Like the other deputies, Rizzo behaves unprofessionally on numerous occasions, also insinuating he has a cocaine habit. On one occasion, he solicited prostitutes to perform oral sex on him and Jones during a narcotics sting, half-jokingly suggesting the two split the drug money impounded in the bust.
Guest characters
Reno 911! features many other notable comedians, some of whom appear on the show multiple times. In addition, the principal cast members frequently play recurring roles of criminals or otherwise dysfunctional characters (with pixelated or blurred faces).
Agent Steve Hardcastle (Ian Roberts): An FBI agent who arrives in Reno to help the department locate the Lieutenant Governor's brother, Ray Mendoza. However, his incompetence makes him even more ineffectual than the deputies, and they eventually locate the man without his help. Ian Roberts, who played Hardcastle, arrived several seasons later as Sgt. Jack Declan: heavier, with a mustache.
Andrew (Jim Rash): A homeowner/brothel patron/purveyor-of-pleasure whose activities require regular police intervention. Unemployed Andrew claims that his job is to "mix things up", which leads to flamboyant yard displays and impromptu parades.
Bachelorette Party Women: A group of raucous young women who conduct wild bachelorette parties and attempt to lure in male cops to strip for them. On one occasion, Dep. Garcia responds to a call and berates them, then discovers Junior and Dangle in the room clad in underwear, boots and holsters.
Big Mike (Toby Huss): The resident Reno meth-head and "Captain of Suspicious Behavior." The Reno deputies frequently visit Big Mike's house to investigate complaints of domestic violence and disturbing the peace. It's revealed in Season 6 that Mike was the no-nonsense lieutenant in the Sheriff's Department in 1988 (Junior remarked that he thought Mike was on his way to being Governor of Nevada), until his accidental introduction to methamphetamine at a crime scene began his downward spiral to his current state.
Boozehammer of Galen (Patton Oswalt): A fantasy role-playing game geek who often badly hurts his opponents while playing fantasy games. He also frequents the "Reno Renaissance Fair." In a deleted scene from Season 2, he is revealed to be Dangle's cousin.
Brad the Friendly Homeowner (Andrew Daly): A genial householder who is always excited to visit with the Sheriffs. When CSI comes to town and his neighbor shoots at the Sheriffs, he thinks filming has commenced. In Season 5 he tries to purchase Coconut Nut Clusters from the Sheriffs but forgets to sign the check before he commits suicide in the next room.
Bunny Hernandez (Natasha Leggero): Mayor Hernandez's wife, a former porn actress and exotic dancer. The deputies pull her over for drunk driving thinking she's someone else. When they see that they've got the mayor's wife, they drive her home after she drunkenly falls to the ground, defecates on someone's lawn, and masturbates in the squad car's backseat.
Calvin Robin Tomlinson (Rainn Wilson): A convicted serial killer who is given a deal to avoid the death penalty if he leads the deputies to the burial site of one of his victims. He makes various demands (a milkshake, watching Cold Mountain on VHS, using a public bathroom for an hour), then leads them to where he hid a gun and a motor scooter, on which he escapes.
Carmen (Sarah Tiana): A young female with a speech impediment who calls the department "a few times a week." She has attempted to build stone walls in her front yard to keep terrorists out, and called Deputy Jones, to whom she felt attracted, to her house to help "bust up a chifforobe" (referencing the novel To Kill a Mockingbird). On one occasion, Wiegel and Dangle visit to question her about a missing vacuum-cleaner salesman; it's soon revealed that she murdered and decapitated him in her house ("They come apart real easy", she says).
Carrot Top (Himself): A comedian who trashes his hotel room, throwing the furniture out the window and into the pool several stories below. He pretends to write a check to the hotel manager, then steals Deputy Jones' gun and escapes in an idling squad car.
Chief Carl (Carlos Alazraqui): A homeless Native American man who is caught selling illegal fireworks, and summons the police when he is caught at a carnival illegally selling popcorn on a stick. Apparently mentally ill, he bathes in "goat water" and makes outrageous claims, such as that he attended the "1920 World's Fair".
Cindy the Sex Slave (Wanru Tseng): Freed from bondage by the Reno deputies—she was found stuffed into a suitcase—Cindy has nowhere to go, so she is given a job as a secretary at the Sheriff's Department. She is frequently corrected by the deputies for clerical errors and occasionally falling back into her sex worker habits.
Citizens' Patrolman Rick (Paul Reubens): First seen in Season 4, he is a member of the "Citizens' Patrol" (which seems to be inspired by the Guardian Angels) and shows up at crime scenes and notices critical things that the deputies have missed. He always seems to be one step ahead of the deputies—because he's the one who committed the crimes.
Inspector Martin Smiley (Tom Bolster): A British police constable who visits Reno, Nevada as part of the "Badges Across the Water" foreign exchange program. Initially he seems to be a very proper, upright, old-fashioned Englishman and the Reno deputies adore him. Deputy Garcia sees a very different side when Smiley rides along with him. He is shot and killed after attempting to rob a drug den in Reno, and his body is shipped back to the United Kingdom.
Craig Pullin (Kyle Dunnigan): Dep. Trudy Wiegel's boyfriend, then husband, in Seasons 1-3. While both he and Wiegel appear to be shy, socially awkward people, their sex life includes sexual role-playing and fetishism. Pullin turned out to be the "Truckee River Killer" and was executed by lethal injection at the end of Season 3, immediately after marrying Trudy. In season 7 he returns as what Trudy believes is a ghost but is actually the result of a gas-leak hallucination.
Debbie (Rachael Harris): Lt. Dangle's ex-wife, who seems to be attracted solely to gay men. She is the heiress to a vacuum cleaner fortune; Jim married her because she was morbidly obese and he believed she would die soon. After they separated, she underwent gastric bypass surgery which turned her into "something the old Deb would have eaten", as he put it. She finally requested a divorce because she had fallen in love with Leslie Frost (see below), who was also clearly gay. Debbie appeared in Season 6 with her new husband, Gary Werner (played by Scott Thompson), who was very effeminate but straight. Debbie died of complications from overeating at Dangle's murder-mystery dinner.
"Delicious Milkshake Man" (real name: Andrew Freeman) (Nat Faxon): A young man who wears a large milkshake costume to promote a local restaurant. He is harassed, pursued, and beaten by Jones and Garcia in several Season-2 episodes. Finally, a chase ends with him being hit by a tractor-trailer; his death leads to the investigation, termination, and incarceration of all the deputies.
"Dominatrix" (Debra Wilson): She appeared during Season 5, including a visit responding to complaints from "the kettle-corn people" about explicitly-worded ad flyers she had distributed at the Farmer's Market. According to Dangle, she is actually a transsexual who was named Jeff and was Dangle's swim-teammate in high school.
The Drunk-Driving Pilot (Ron White): A drunken airline pilot whom Deputy Johnson lets off with a warning after he flatters her.
Eddie "Fast Eddie" McLintock (unseen, voiced by Jeff Foxworthy): A famed drug runner and recidivist speeder who has been involved in multiple high-speed car chases with the Reno Sheriff's Department. He mocks and later commends the Deputies via CB radio. His muscle car and personality are modeled after Burt Reynolds' character from Smokey and the Bandit.
Firefighters of the Reno Fire Department (Mitch Rouse, Guy Stevenson): Unlike the Reno Sheriff's Department, the members of the Reno Fire Department are competent, popular, and well-respected, inspiring tremendous envy, bitterness, inadequacy—and secret admiration—from the cops.
French mime (Robert Ben Garant): A man in mime costume and makeup who is reported for harassing customers outside a strip mall. To Jones' delight, he performs a silent parody of Garcia—who becomes enraged and assaults, then arrests him.
The Fraudulent Manager of Burger Cousin (Seth Green): A petty, browbeating robber who poses as the manager of a fast-food restaurant at which Jones and Garcia have gone undercover as employees to catch a robber whom they don't realize is already there.
Frisbee McDaniels (Zach Galifianakis): A "white trash" resident of Reno who squats with his sizable family in an abandoned school bus. He owns a .30 cal machine gun which he claims he bought at a yard sale. He uses it to shoot at empty cans, oranges, and UFOs. He casually revealed that his wife is his second cousin. His children's names include Chandler, Ross, Joey, Dharma, and Greg after characters from the popular television sitcoms Friends and Dharma & Greg.
Glen the Ranger (Matt Walsh): A park ranger at a fictional (though often referenced to be near the Donner Party cabin) National Park. Glen is very lonely and routinely places false 911 calls in order to get some human contact from the sheriff's deputies.
Gigg LeCarp (Los Angeles radio DJ Brian Phelps): A petty-criminal-turned-televangelist who, 10 years ago, was arrested by then-partners, Dangle and Garcia. LeCarp was causing trouble while high on PCP, so Garcia used his nightstick to "give him a message from my Lord." He later pretends to "save" Garcia and locks all of the deputies in the holding cell as revenge.
The Great Jeff (Jeremy Rowley): A magician in the park without a permit that Kimball tries to arrest. Jeff escapes her handcuffs and riot cuffs and then locks her in her squad car.
Guy Gerricault (Paul Rudd): Wiegel's disturbingly enthusiastic, inappropriately hands-on Lamaze teacher.
Handicapped cop (David Wain): A supposedly handicapped cop with whom Wiegel spends a day with as part of a public-assistance program.
Ian Meltzer (Matt Walsh): Subject to a subpoena being served by Dangle and Junior. Despite initially confirming his identity, his name being on a name tag, and being overheard greeting a caller with his name, he denies being Ian Meltzer and leads the officers on a short chase.
Jackie DeMartino (Kerri Kenney-Silver): A drug-addicted prostitute with herpes, AIDS, Lupus, and lung cancer, whose face is always blurred out. She is known for spitting pickle juice at the officers. In Season 1, Dep. Garcia was tasked with cleaning her up and sending her to a halfway home, but Garcia was so dismayed by her extreme burnt-out-crack-whore behavior that he dumped her at a random house that was "halfway"...between the coffee shop at which they had stopped, and his own house. It has been suggested that Trudy and Jackie are similar-looking distant cousins. Jackie died of Lupus in Season 5; it is unknown who plays her in a scene in which Deputy Wiegel arrives to comfort her as she dies.
Jerry Salerno (Dan Castellaneta): The violent, possibly mobbed-up "Washoe County Animal Carcass Removal Commissioner." In Season 5, when he's up for re-election, Junior runs against him, but he maintains his office by paying off Junior.
Joe the Cameraman (Joe Kessler): The usually-unseen cameraman who documents the Reno Sheriff's Department's activities. He is shown on-camera playing the drums when the deputies respond to a noise complaint about a bad garage band in Episode 2x12 and is also shown in the episode which includes the "second take" of Deputy Junior being thrown through a glass door.
John (Brian Finney): A crazed man that is seen at a brothel disturbing the peace on multiple occasions. In one instance he claims to be an agent of the department of weights and measurements, but after trying to make up a story for Johnson and Kimball, he tries to run away but ends up getting caught.
Junior the Third (DeRay Davis): A delusional homeless man, who was once seen sitting on a couch on the sidewalk pretending to interview Morgan Freeman as on a talk show.
Kenny Rogers (Himself): A famous American country music singer and actor with whom Dep. Garcia is obsessed to the point of having recurring dreams about him, one of which featured Kenny waking up in bed next to Lt. Dangle. Rogers was shot by an unnamed character played by Patton Oswalt in Season 2 after a poorly-attended book signing. (In another part of that episode, Rogers' real-life son Christopher Cody Rogers played a frat boy trying to get into the locked frat house the morning after a wild night.)
Kevin (Michael Ian Black). A convicted sex offender who moves to Reno and attempts to ask Johnson out while he and she informs his neighbors of his crimes.
Ku Klux Klan (Reno Chapter of). A group of presumed bigots who ostensibly try to end bigotry and racism by burning lowercase t's ("for tolerance") and opening a lemonade stand with a sign reading "FREE LEMONADE FOR NIGGERS." One of the KKK members, Gary (Chris Tallman), proposes to his African American girlfriend and in another episode sheds his Klan robes to join Junior and Garcia on a trip to the US/Mexico border to build a wall.
Trailer-Park Lady (Cheryl Hines): A trailer-park resident who tries to get her neighbor arrested for crossing over the property line, which consists of two cigarette butts and a green rock. She is later arrested for taking Officer Garcia's nightstick and attempting to hit the neighbor.
Leslie Frost (Dave Holmes): Dangle's ex-wife Debbie's second husband, owner of "Buy-Curios", a knickknack/antique store frequented by Dangle and Garcia.
Maria Storm (Lisa LoCicero): A local TV reporter who has extensively covered the Reno Sheriff's Department. She is frequently hit upon by her male interviewees. Actress Lisa LoCicero is married to show director Michael Patrick Jann.
Mayor Hernandez (George Lopez): Reno's thoroughly-corrupt, philandering mayor. He is perpetually under investigation, but counts on the Reno Sheriff's Department to clean up his messes. Williams says that the Mayor has a "Clintonesque quality" about him, while Dangle describes him as a nice guy who "loves to put his dick in things." In Season 6, Mayor Hernandez was caught on film cheating on his wife with his girlfriend. It has also been revealed that he was responsible for the deaths of several hookers, with the Reno Sheriff's department disposing of the corpses. Despite his corrupt and erratic nature, Dangle and Junior describe him as the "best Mayor we've ever had, by a long shot", noting that all the other mayors were far worse. Even after being arrested and convicted of several felonies, he wins re-election by a landslide.
Mike Powers (Mather Zickel): The former Washoe County district attorney, responsible for firing and later jailing the entire Reno Sheriff's Department at the end of Season 2. He is later revealed to be a murderer who decapitates prostitutes. While in prison, the deputies visit him to ask his advice (similar to Hannibal Lecter) on office procedures and other trivial matters.
Mrs. Leonard (Mindy Sterling): An apartment resident who calls 911 5-6 times a week. One time she reports that children, particularly a fat boy called Joey, are disturbing her 2-3PM nap by bouncing balls, playing marbles, and talking about homework, loudly in the hallway. Ironically, her three dogs are barking the whole time Dangle and Junior are trying to assist her. Junior proceeds to "find Joey" and shoot him five times, and Mrs. Leonard, horrified, sobs in her apartment doorway as Junior and Dangle depart, with Junior revealing that he shot a radiator.
Naked Armenian (J. P. Manoux): A naked Armenian man who walks around outside yelling to himself while high on Ecstasy. He gives his name as 'Hrarr Manoogian" and Sgt. Dangle asks "Your name begins with two consonants?".
The "New" Deputies: At the end of Season 2, all seven main characters are fired and jailed, to be replaced by other deputies who bear a passing resemblance to them. They are: Jim Kringle "New Dangle" (Martin Mull), Cletus Senior "New Junior" (Lou Ferrigno), Wendy Kelton "New Wiegel" (Sean Young), Officer Garcia "New Garcia" (Lorenzo Lamas), Verlot "New Williams" (Traci Bingham), Barbara Cooper "New Johnson" (Donna D'Errico) and C. Garwood "New Jones" (Wayne Brady). "New Jones", whose name is given in a subtitle as "Deputy C. Garwood", immediately discloses what the "C" stands for, while Jones' "S" initial has remained a secret throughout the show's run.
Pageant Mom and Dad (Jamie Denbo), (John Ross Bowie): A domineering couple who are obsessed with winning their daughter's little-girl beauty pageants, to the extent of painting her with printer toner (the mother states that the father works at "a computer store" frequently and doesn't know anything about pageants), whitening her lips like a blackface minstrel to win the 'Little Miss Nubian' pageant (which Deputy Williams' daughter won a couple years prior), or attempting to illegally buy Trudy's baby (a boy). They often make inappropriate comments about the other young contestants ("Sexy, sexy kids!"). In Season 4 they are also seen at the local Renaissance Faire trying to stay in character while filing a police report with the deputies. Denbo and Bowie are married in real life.
Pastor Dave (Ryan Raddatz): A clean-cut looking busker, selling DMT and ecstasy to the youths of Reno.
Pinky the Drunk Driver (Chelsea Handler): A belligerent drunk driver who claims she has not been drinking.
Pot Dealer (Matt Besser): A man that calls 911 because his illegal weapons got stolen. In another episode he is seen calling 911 again because someone came to his house to buy weed when he wasn't selling it because his "business" is closed on Sundays and claims that the deputies are trespassing. He is then arrested for talking back to them.
Principal Manderville (Kristina Hayes): A local elementary-school principal who usually makes an announcement to the students before the Reno deputies begin their "safety assembly."
"Reading Ron" (Brian Unger): A children's TV host with a checkered past who attempts to profile the Reno Sheriff's Department on his television show, with results that are disastrously inappropriate for children's television. He is later forced into rehab after a drug relapse, but retains his job.
Roadie (David Koechner): A roadie at Steely Dan, Ted Nugent, and Motörhead concerts.
Seeeeemji (Christina Applegate): Terry Bernadino's girlfriend, whom the deputies are very surprised to learn is real. The "j" is silent.
Sergeant Clift (Ryan Stiles): A consultant that the L.A.P.D. sends over to help the deputies improve their undercover work because, as Dangle says, "They can smell that we're pigs from a mile away." Clift puts the deputies through acting exercises that backfire horribly when put into practice.
Sheriff Walter Chechekevitch (Tracey Walter): The deputies' aloof, clueless boss who died after eating a candy bar because he was allergic to the peanuts it contained. He had made so few appearances to the Sheriff's Department that they never remembered his name. Despite this, he is fondly remembered as the best Polish Sheriff Reno has ever had. (Junior amended: "Not the best, but pretty good for a Polack.")
"Spanish Mike" Alverez a.k.a. "Captain Duane Hernandez" (Oscar Nunez); and Sammy Heung a.k.a. Lt. Suzy Kim (Cathy Shim): "Hernandez" and "Kim" are criminals who pose as Department of Homeland Security agents to get their hands on the Reno Sheriff's Department's money and evidence in the two-part episode "Terrorist Training". Wiegel falls for Hernandez and Suzy Kim turns out to be a man in the plot arc. Hernandez is later apprehended and held under close arrest, but makes every effort to seduce the female deputies and escape.
Steed Lankershim (Timothy Brennen): Johnson's criminal boyfriend, a repeat felon and drug user.
Steve Marmella (Jack Plotnick): A sexual pervert who specializes in exposing himself and tricking others into inappropriate sexual contact. As of Season 5 he is under house arrest, which does surprisingly little to deter his activities. He is often seen "working" at a carnival.
Deputy Patrick Bates (Jack Plotnick): A once-promising new recruit whom Dangle accidentally shot in the head on his first day, rendering him mentally-challenged and wheelchair-bound. The department avoids paying a huge settlement by letting him return and assigning him to phone duty (using a Fisher-Price phone).
Stevie (Brian Posehn): The Reno medical examiner and coroner. In Episode 4x07, he is arrested for being intoxicated on the job: after Dep. Junior asks him "Are you stoned right now?" he laughingly replies, "On pot? Oh yeah!" and is cuffed and led out of the exam room. Just 2 episodes later, he's back on the job.
Student Driver (Simon Helberg): In episode S02E10, Garcia and Jones pull him over during his driving test. After they give him field sobriety tests and threaten to take him to jail, he grabs both officers' weapons and shouts "You're not stopping me from getting my license!" He then orders them into their squad car's trunk and backs it into the curb before pulling away, braking erratically. Helberg appears in another episode as a Jewish teen who claims his mother has given him a blank check to hire a Jewish hooker to help him become a man on his birthday.
Theoretical Criminal (Keegan-Michael Key): A criminal with a lisp who frequently calls the Reno Sheriff's Department to report crimes he claims he did not commit, or to show the deputies illegal items he has "found." He often says, "Hypothetically speaking, If I did perpetrate the crime, if I had done it, what would the repercussions be?" The deputies play along, but always end up arresting him.
T. T. (played by Niecy Nash): A braless, hysterical woman with pronounced buck teeth and a unibrow (visible even though her face is always pixelated). She constantly screams nonsensically about imaginary events and claims that police sticks remind her of her father who is also "skinny and black."
Terry Bernadino, a.k.a. Terry Jaspermans (Nick Swardson): A gay, drug-addicted prostitute and compulsive liar who always wears rollerskates and bedazzled women's clothing. He is often seen around the jail and other local establishments looking for johns, or working at a taco shop. When confronted by the deputies, he offers silly, implausible explanations (e.g., when making a phone threat to cut somebody with a knife, he explains to the deputies that the victim is made of cake, and in his first appearance, saying he sells oranges and drops them in the customer's laps, to explain selling handjobs on the street). At the end of the film Reno 911!: Miami, it is revealed that Terry is tremendously wealthy. Despite his flamboyant homosexuality, he vehemently denies being gay. At one point he introduces the deputies to his fiancee Seeeeemji (pronounced "see-me") who is completely oblivious to Terry's sexuality although, according to Terry, when they get naked together he vomits and can't get hard. Terry has made more appearances than any other side character and is a fan favorite. He also starred in the short, "A Very Terry Christmas", included in the special features of the Nick Swardson: Seriously, Who Farted? DVD.
Tommy Hawk (Diedrich Bader): An egotistical bounty hunter and reality-television star who is after many of the same fugitives that the deputies are pursuing. He is a parody of Dog the Bounty Hunters Duane "Dog" Chapman.
Unnamed Chinese boy (Kit DeZolt): A poor Chinese boy who drives a rickshaw.
Unnamed couple (Charlie Day and Mary Elizabeth Ellis): An incestuous "white trash" couple who call the police over a domestic dispute where he is threatening to rip the head off her (plastic "squeaky") baby. Day and Ellis are married in real life.
Unnamed Armed Naked Guy at the VFW (Steve Little): An apparently high man with white powder under his nose who is regularly seen naked and holding a gun while making nonsensical statements.
Unnamed middle-aged insane woman (Wendi McLendon-Covey): Seen pantless, dragging a water heater through the streets.
Unnamed drunk pantless hooker (played by Natasha Leggero): Fights with Dangle and Kimball about putting her clothes on and tries to evade arrest.
Unnamed redneck (played by Robert Ben Garant): A local redneck, usually seen with his pants down and his penis in an inappropriate object (such as a pumpkin or a birdhouse). His only line is an enthusiastic "Woo!" right before running away.
Virgil Medlock (Damon Jones): The owner of Hotty's, the first corporate sponsor for the police department. He basically owns the department but gives the deputies free wings that make the deputies gassy. He also gives the deputies new vehicles, uniforms, and Miranda warnings. At the end of the episode, he terminates the partnership because he felt it "wasn't working out" with the deputies.
Others
Danny DeVito as himself (Season 2)
Lisa Lampanelli as the minister at Dangle's gay wedding (Season 4)
Jill-Michele Meleán (Season 3 as Maria, Dep. Garcia's Sister and Season 6 as Mayor Hernandez's girlfriend)
Chino XL (Season 2)
References
External links
Lists of American comedy television series characters
Lists of American crime television series characters |
58875537 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20United%20States%20of%20America%20%28film%29 | The United States of America (film) | The United States of America is a 1975 film by James Benning and Bette Gordon.
Summary
A conceptual bicentennial film dealing with spatial and temporal spaces about two travelers in their car alongside the relationships to changes in America (political, social and geographical) from New York to Los Angeles.
Legacy
The Criterion Channel describes it as "one of the major works of the structuralist film movement of the 1970s".
A remake of the film, also directed by Benning, premiered in 2022.
See also
United States Bicentennial
Road movie
References
External links
The United States of America on MUBI
1970s avant-garde and experimental films
1975 films
Films directed by James Benning
1970s American films
Films directed by Bette Gordon |
43155889 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thirteen%20Songs | Thirteen Songs | Thirteen Songs may refer to:
Albums
13 songs, a 2005 album by Julie Feeney
13 Songs, a 1989 album by Fugazi
13 Songs, a 2005 album by Tim Scott McConnell
See also
"Thirteen" (song), by Big Star
13 Songs and a Thing, a 2003 album by Bob Drake
Volume II: Thirteen Songs from the House of Miracles, a 2001 album by The Two-Minute Miracles |
30726966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20Lapeyre | Patrick Lapeyre | Patrick Lapeyre is a French writer, and winner of the Prix Femina, 2010, for his seventh novel, La vie est brève et le désir sans fin.
Lapeyre was born in 1949 in Pantin. He attended the École Normale Supérieure with Alain Finkielkraut and Pascal Bruckner before studying literature at the Sorbonne. After becoming a teacher, he published his first novel, Le corps inflammable, in 1984. He received the Prix du Livre Inter in 2004 for L'Homme-soeur and the Prix Femina in 2010 for La vie est brève et le désir sans fin.
Bibliography
Le corps inflammable (novel, 1984); J'ai lu, 1988,
La lenteur de l'avenir (novel, 1987); Editions Gallimard, 2008,
Ludo et compagnie (novel), P.O.L, 1991,
Welcome to Paris (novel), P.O.L., 1994,
Sissy, c'est moi (novel), P.O.L, 1998,
L'Homme-soeur (novel, 2004), P.O.L., 2005,
La vie est brève et le désir sans fin (novel), P.O.L., Paris 2010,
Life Is Short and Desire Endless, (translated by Adriana Hunter). Other Press, 2012,
References
1949 births
Living people
20th-century French novelists
21st-century French novelists
Prix Femina winners
Prix du Livre Inter winners
French male novelists
20th-century French male writers
21st-century French male writers |
13522995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Man%20Who%20Watched%20Trains%20Go%20By | The Man Who Watched Trains Go By | The Man Who Watched Trains Go By (1952) is a crime drama film, based on the 1938 novel by Georges Simenon and directed by Harold French. It has an all-European cast, including Claude Rains in the lead role of Kees Popinga, who is infatuated with Michele Rozier (Märta Torén). The film was released in the United States in 1953 under the title The Paris Express.
Plot
In the Dutch city of Groningen, Kees Popinga (Claude Rains) has worked for 18 years as chief clerk and bookkeeper for a 300-year-old trading company, now run by Julius de Koster Jr. (Herbert Lom). Kees's life is comfortable but stodgy; he loves trains but has never traveled farther than Amsterdam.
One day a man named Merkemans (Felix Aylmer), who had managed a company that went bankrupt due to another man's embezzlement, pleads with de Koster for a job. De Koster refuses because his own firm has too impeccable a reputation to be connected with such a scandal, and Merkemans had had the responsibility to prevent the fraud. Then a French police inspector named Lucas (Marius Goring) arrives to talk to de Koster about Dutch money that is turning up illegally in Paris; Lucas suspects the de Koster company, but de Koster invites Kees to show him that the books are sound. That night, Kees happens to see de Koster kissing a woman (Märta Torén) goodbye at a station.
Later, Lucas questions Kees and de Koster about the woman, showing a picture. De Koster lies; Kees supports him, but now fears that he too has failed to prevent a crime. That night his fears are confirmed when he goes to the office and finds de Koster burning the books. De Koster says the firm will be bankrupt in the morning. Kees follows de Koster to a canal. De Koster shows him a suicide note. Kees is trying to stop him jumping in the water when De Koster's briefcase comes open, revealing 100,000 Dutch guilders in cash. The suicide note was a fake. Enraged, Kees attacks de Koster, who falls into the water and hits his head on a boat.
Also in the briefcase is a train ticket to Paris and the address of the woman, whose name is Michele Rozier. Kees takes the briefcase and boards the train, abandoning his family. On board he is surprised to meet Lucas, who makes it clear he suspects Kees. As they approach Paris, Kees jumps off the train. He goes to Michele, but she turns him away, not realizing he has the money. Lucas meets her and explains what has happened. He says de Koster is alive, but Kees does not know this, and Lucas fears he will now do something desperate.
As Lucas hopes, Michele wants the money enough to trace Kees, and the police follow her to him. But she helps him get away and stay with Louis (Ferdy Mayne), her lover, who lives over a garage near train tracks. She tells Kees that within a couple of days Louis will provide Kees with fake papers so he can leave the country.
Kees is suspicious enough to hide the money, in an abandoned car near the tracks, before Louis is able to search his effects. Bored with hiding out and tired of belittling remarks about his status, he decides to "live dangerously" and takes Michele out on the town. She seems to warm to him and he is seduced into trusting her. Drunk and infatuated, he phones Lucas to taunt him, promises Michele they will go away together, and then tells her where the money is. She goes there, but Lucas has already found it. He offers her immunity if she helps him find Kees.
Kees gets away from Lucas, steals a knife from a shop window, and goes to the garage. At knifepoint, Louis phones Michele and asks her to come. Kees confronts Michele and threatens to prove his worth by killing her—and then he does. With Lucas in pursuit, he runs onto the train tracks and directly toward an approaching train. At the last moment it reaches a switch and crosses onto another track. Kees rambles deliriously as Lucas arrests him.
Cast
Claude Rains as Kees Popinga
Marius Goring as Lucas
Märta Torén as Michele Rozier
Ferdy Mayne as Louis
Herbert Lom as Julius de Koster Jr
Lucie Mannheim as Maria Popinga
Anouk Aimée as Jeanne
Eric Pohlmann as Goin
Felix Aylmer as Mr Merkemans
Gibb McLaughlin as Julius de Koster Sr
Michael Nightingale as Popinga's Clerk
Critical reception
TV Guide wrote that the film "boasts good performances from Rains, Toren, and Lom, but is hampered by the static direction of Harold French"; whereas Culture Catch called it a "solid adaptation," which "embraces Simenon's favorite archetype, an innocent who mistakenly thinks he has committed some evil act, and then eventually actually does...Directed by Harold French, a British stalwart, this little thriller is worth every one of the 82 minutes you'll spend with it."
References
External links
1952 films
1952 crime drama films
British crime drama films
Films directed by Harold French
Films based on Belgian novels
Films based on works by Georges Simenon
Rail transport films
Films scored by Benjamin Frankel
Films set in the Netherlands
Films set in France
Films set in Paris
Films shot at Nettlefold Studios
1950s English-language films
1950s British films |
12012946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogie%20Nights%20%28song%29 | Boogie Nights (song) | "Boogie Nights" is a 1977 single by international funk-disco group Heatwave. It was written by keyboardist Rod Temperton and was included on Heatwave's debut album, Too Hot to Handle. Harpist Carla Skanger (a pseudonym of Sheila Bromberg of the London Symphony Orchestra) played harp and American actor and singer Clarke Peters performed backing vocals on the recording.
History
The song became one of the best-known disco songs by a British group and charted at No. 2 on the UK Singles Chart. In the US, "Boogie Nights" also peaked at No. 2 on the Billboard Hot 100 behind "You Light Up My Life" by Debby Boone. It appeared on US Billboard R&B and dance charts during 1977. "Boogie Nights" reached No. 1 in New Zealand. The single was certified platinum by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA).
In the United Kingdom, the song was No. 2, and entered on March 5, 1977, only behind Leo Sayer with "When I Need You".
"Boogie Nights" has been covered many times by artists such as KC and the Sunshine Band, Will to Power, 911 and The Weather Girls. British boy-band Blue also performed the tune in their live shows.
The song made an appearance in the films Eyes of Laura Mars, Summer of Sam and The Stud, though it was not featured in the 1997 film titled after it: Boogie Nights. Apparently the group's lead singer, Johnnie Wilder Jr., a devout born-again Christian, refused to allow the use of the recording in the film because the song was about dancing, not pornography, while the film was about the latter.
Aaron Judge, right-fielder for the New York Yankees, famously uses the song as his walk-up.
Charts and certifications
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Sales and certifications
Sonia version
In 1992, British singer Sonia recorded her take on the song, produced by Mark Taylor and Tracy Ackerman for her third studio album, Better the Devil You Know, in 1993. It was released in August 1992 and peaked at No. 30 on the UK Singles Chart in September. The single's B-side is "My Light", which also appears on the album.
Track listings
Cassette and 7-inch single
"Boogie Nights" – 3:40
"My Light" – 3:55
CD single
"Boogie Nights" – 3:40
"Boogie Nights" (extended mix) – 5:42
"My Light" – 3:55
12-inch single
"Boogie Nights" (extended mix) – 5:42
"Boogie Nights" (dub mix)
"My Light" – 3:55
References
External links
Heatwave U.S. 7" single release info at Discogs
1977 singles
1992 singles
Heatwave (band) songs
Will to Power (band) songs
Sonia (singer) songs
Number-one singles in New Zealand
Songs written by Rod Temperton
1976 songs
Disco songs
GTO Records singles
Songs about dancing
Songs about nights |
51420499 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Cox%20discography | Carl Cox discography | The discography of Carl Cox, British house music and techno producer and DJ, consists of four albums, twenty-five singles, twenty-six compilation albums, and sixty-six remixes.
Studio albums
1996: At The End Of The Cliche, Edel UK Records/Worldwide Ultimatum Records
1999: Phuture 2000, Edel UK Records/Worldwide Ultimatum Records
2005: Second Sign, Play It Again Sam
2011: All Roads Lead To The Dancefloor, Intec Digital
2022: Electronic Generations, BMG
Extended plays
2019: Mindset EP with Coe, Awesome Soundwave
Singles
1989: "Let's Do It", N/A
1991: "I Want You (Forever)", Perfecto Records – UK No.23
1992: "Does It Feel Good To You", Perfecto Records
1993: "The Planet of Love", Perfecto Records – UK No.44
1995: "Two Paintings and A Drum", Edel UK Records – UK No.24
1996: "Sensual Sophis-ti-cat" / "The Player", Worldwide Ultimatum Records – UK No.25
1996: "Tribal Jedi", Edel UK Records/Worldwide Ultimatum Records
1999: "The Latin Theme", Edel UK Records – UK No.52
1998: "Phuture 2000", Worldwide Ultimatum Records – UK No.40
1999: "Dr. Funk", Edel UK Records/Worldwide Ultimatum Records
2000: "Golden Warrior", So Dens
2003: "Dirty Bass" featuring Christian Smith, 23rd Century Records
2003: "Want A Life", Trust the DJ
2004: "Give Me All Your Love" featuring Hannah Robinson, 23rd Century Records
2004: "Put Your Hands Up", Trust the DJ
2006: "Thats the Bass" featuring Norman Cook, 23rd Century Records
2006: "K'Pasa", Intec Records
2006: "Spoon", Intec Records
2011: "Chemistry" featuring Shelley Segal, Intec Digital
2011: "Nexus", Intec Digital
2011: "Family Guy", Intec Digital
2012: "Caipiroska", Snatch! Records
2013: "Time for House Music", Circus Recordings
2014: "See You Next Tuesday" featuring Nicole Moudaber, MOOD Records
2016: "Your Light Shines On", Intec Digital
2017: "Beat the Track" with Nile Rodgers, Bush Records
2018: "Inferno" with Reinier Zonneveld and Christopher Coe, Filth on Acid
2019: "Dark Alleys", Circus Recordings
2019: "This Is Our Time" with Reinier Zonneveld and Christopher Coe, Filth on Acid
2020: "PURE", 23rd Century Records
2021: "Sand, Moon and Stars", BMG
2021: "We Are One" with Franky Wah, Ministry Of Sound
2022: "Speed Trials On Acid" with Fatboy Slim featuring Dan Diamond, BMG
2022: "How It Makes You Feel" with Nicole Moudaber, BMG
2022: "See the Sun Rising" with Franky Wah, BMG
2023: "Music Is Life" with Bushwacka! featuring Chuck Roberts, Oblong Records
Compilations
1994: Nonstopmix 1994, Liquid Rec.
1994: Fantazia presents The DJ Collection Carl Cox, Fantazia
1995: F.A.C.T., React
1997: F.A.C.T. 2, Worldwide Ultimatum Records
1998: DJF 250, Sony Music Entertainment
1998: Non Stop 98/01, FFRR Records
1998: The Sound Of Ultimate B.A.S.E., Worldwide Ultimatum Records
1999: Non Stop 2000, FFRR Records
1999: F.A.C.T. Australia, X-Over Recordings. Chart Peak (AUS) #88
2000: Mixed Live Crobar Nightclub, Chicago, Moonshine Music
2002: Mixed Live 2nd Session Area 2, Detroit, Moonshine Music
2002: Club Traxx Vol. 1, Trust the DJ
2003: Club Traxx Vol. 2, Trust the DJ
2003: F.A.C.T. Australia II, Warner Music Group
2003: U60311 Compilation Techno Division Vol. 3, V2 Records
2004: Back To Mine, DMC Publishing
2004: Pure Intec, Intec Records
2007: Global, Play It Again Sam
2008: Ultimate Carl Cox, Ministry of Sound Australia
2010: Global Underground 38 – Black Rock Desert, Global Underground
2013: Pure Intec 2: Mixed by Carl Cox, Intec Digital
2014: Mixmag Presents Carl Cox: Sounds of Ibiza, Mixmag Records
2014: Space Ibiza 2014: Carl Cox Mix, Cr2 Records
2015: Mixmag Presents Carl Cox: Space Terrace Ibiza, Mixmag Records
2015: In the Process of Eight, Circus Recordings
2016: Space Ibiza 2016, Cr2 Records
Remixes
1991: Supreme Love Gods – "Cherry White" (Carl Cox Remix), One Little Indian
1991: Art of Noise – "Shades of Paranoimia" (Carl Cox Remix), China Records
1992: Eternal – "Eternal" (Carl Cox Remix), Underground Level Recordings
1992: Robert Owens – "Gotta Work" (Carl's Renaissance Remix), Freetown Inc.
1992: Patti Day – "Hot Stuff" (Carl Cox Remix), Starway Records
1992: DJ Phantasy – "Jepron" (Carl Cox Remix), Liquid Wax Recordings
1992: Sunscreem – "Perfect Motion" (Carl Cox Rhythm's A Drug Remix), Sony BMG Music Entertainment
1993: Visa – "Let Me See Ya Move" (Carl Cox's Militant March Remix), MMR Productions
1993: Smooth But Hazzardous – "Made You Dance" (Carl Cox Remix), Sound Entity Records
1994: Laurent Garnier – "Astral Dreams" (Carl Cox's MMR Remix), F-Communications
1994: Trevor Rockcliffe Presents Glow – "Break the Law" (Carl's Reconstructed Remix), MMR Productions
1994: Quench – "Hope" (Carl Cox's MMR Remix), Infectious Records
1994: FKW – "Jingo" (Carl Cox Remix), PWL
1994: O.T.T. – "Raw" (Carl Cox Remix), Industrial Strength Records
1994: Conquer – "Self Destruction" (Carl Cox's Kinetic Mix), MMR Productions
1994: Aurora Borealis – "Raz" (Carl's MMR Remix), F-Communications
1994: English Muffin – "The Blood of An English Muffin" (Carl Cox Remix), MMR Productions
1994: Lunatic Asylum – "The Meltdown (Carl Cox & John Selway's Circular Circuit Remix)", MMR Productions
1995: Jam & Spoon – "Angel (Ladadi O-Heyo)" (Carl Cox Remix), Epic Records
1995: The Stone Roses – "Begging You" (Cox's Ultimatum Remix), Geffen Records
1995: Yello – "L'Hôtel" (Carl Cox's Hands on Yello Remix), Urban
1995: Dr. Fernando – "Stomace Substance" (Carl Cox Remix), MMR Productions
1995: Infrequent Oscillation – "Burning Phibes" (Carl Cox Remix), MMR Productions
1995: Technohead – "Get Stoned" (Carl Cox Remix), Mokum Records
1995: AWeX – "It's Our Future" (Carl Cox's Ultimate Remix), Plastic City UK
1995: Slab – "Rampant Prankster" (Carl Cox's Jumper Remix), Hydrogen Dukebox
1995: Steve Mason & Tony Crooks – "Shallow Grave" (Carl Cox's After Hours Remix), Rain Forest Records
1995: Josh Abrahams – "March Time" (Carl Cox Remix), MMR Productions
1996: System 7 – "Hangar 84" (Cox's W.W. Ultimatum Remix), Butterfly Records
1996: Electroliners – "Loose Caboose" (Carl Cox Remix), XL Recordings
1996: Barefoot Boys – "Need No Man" (Cox's Harder Remix), Stealth Records
1996: The Advent – "Mad Dog" (Carl Cox Remix), Internal
1996: JX – "There's Nothing I Won't Do" (Carl Cox's Full House Remix), FFRR Records
1996: Consolidated – "This Is Fascism" (Carl Cox's Burning Gold Remix), MC Projects
1996: Vernon – "Vernon's Wonderland" (Carl Cox's Full Remix), Eye Q
1996: Poltergeist – "Vicious Circles" (Carl Cox's MMR Remix), Manifesto
1997: DJ SS – "DJs Anthem" (Carl Cox Remix), Formation Records
1997: Tenth Chapter – "Prologue" (Carl Cox & Paul van Dyk Remix), Jackpot
1998: Stone Circle – "The Sounds Of Ultimate B.A.S.E." (Carl Cox's Original Mix), Worldwide Ultimatum Records
1999: Needle Damage – "That Zipper Track" (Carl Cox Remix), Worldwide Ultimatum Records
1999: Grooverider – "Where's Jack the Ripper?" (Carl Cox's Techno Radio Edit), Higher Ground Records
2000: Tony Moran featuring Cindy Mizelle – "Shine On" (Carl Cox's Sweat Dub), Contagious Records
2001: Slam – "Positive Education" (Carl Cox's Intec Remix), VC Recordings
2001: Trevor Rockcliffe & Blake Baxter – "Visions of You" (Carl Cox Remix), Intec Records
2001: Ramirez – "Volcan De Pasion" (Carl Cox Remix), Terapia
2002: Cormano – "Mangamana vs. Revenge" (Carl Cox's Turntable Remix), 4 Play Records, Inc.
2003: Tomaz vs Filterheadz – "Sunshine" (Carl Cox Remix), Intec Records
2003: Bad Cabbage – "You're Rude (Get Fucked)" (Carl Cox's Not So Rude Remix), Mutant Disc
2004: Eric Powell – "Don't Deny It" (Carl Cox Remix), 23rd Century Records
2004: Johan Cyber – "Natural Funk" (Carl Cox Remix), 23rd Century Records
2004: Cohen vs. Deluxe – "Just Kick!" (Carl Cox Remix), Intec Records
2005: Len Faki – "Just A Dance" (Carl Cox Remix), Figure
2007: Sander van Doorn – "Riff" (Carl Cox's Global Remix), Ultra Records
2010: Jon Rundell – "Damager" (Carl Cox Remix), Intec
2010: Moby – "Walk With Me" (Carl Cox Remix), Little Idiot
2010: Gilles Peterson Presents Havana Cultura featuring Ogguere – "Arroz con Pollo" (Carl Cox Remix), Brownswood Recordings
2010: Joey Beltram – "Slice 2010" (Carl Cox Rerub), Bush Records
2011: Dome Patrol – "The Cutting Edge" (Carl Cox & Julika Remix)'', Bush Records
2012: Tom Taylor & Gareth Whitehead – "Tired of Being Wrong" (Carl Cox Remix), Bullet:Dodge
2012: The Scumfrog & Sting – "If I Ever Lose My Faith" (Carl Cox Remix), Armada Recordings
2013: Davide Squillace & Guti – "The Other Side of Hustler" (Carl Cox Remix), This And That
2015: Pan-Pot – "Riot" (Carl Cox Remix), Second State
2016: Steve Mulder vs. D-Shake – "Techno Trance 2016" (Carl Cox Remix), Orange Recordings
2016: Popof featuring Arno Joey – "Lidl Girl" (Carl Cox Collective Remix), Hot Creations
2016: Josh Abrahams – "The Traveller" (Carl Cox Remix), Bush Records
2016: Josh Wink – "I'm Talking to You" (Carl Cox Remix), Intec Records
2018: Alex Mine - "Lost" (Carl Cox Remix)
2019: Purple Disco Machine - "Body Funk" (Carl Cox Remix), A Positiva / Virgin EMI Records
2019: Awex - "It's Our Future" (Carl Cox's Ultimate Mix), Plastic City
2019: Danny Tenaglia - "Don't Turn Your Back" (Carl Cox Remix), Hot Creations
2019: Phuture - "Acid Tracks" (Carl Cox Remix), Afro Acid
2019: Deetron - "Photon" (Carl Cox Remix), Character
2020: Roel Salemink - "Eskes" (Carl Cox Pure Remix), Intec Digital
2020: Russell Small x DNO P. x Reigns - "It Is What It Is (Bad Ass Disco)" (Carl Cox DnB Remix), Jango Music
2020: Hannah Wants & Kevin Knapp - "Call Me" (Carl Cox Remix), Toolroom Productions
2020: deadmau5 & The Neptunes - "Pomegranate" (Carl Cox Remix), Mau5Trap
2020: Kenneth Bager - "Farmacia (Homage To Frankfurt)" (Carl Cox Remix), Armada Music
2020: Tom Wax - "In Techno We Trust" (Carl Cox Remix), Phuture Wax Records
2021: Deborah De Luca - "Fuori" (Carl Cox Remix), Solamente
2021: Joseph Capriati - "Goa" (Carl Cox Remix), REDIMENSION
2021: Geraldine Hunt - "Can't Fake the Feeling" (Carl Cox Rework), Unidisc Music
2021: Sofi Tukker - "Drinkee" (Carl Cox Remix), Ultra Records
2021: Future Islands - "City's Face" (Carl Cox Remix), 4AD
2022: Radio Slave - "Stay Out All Night" (Carl Cox Remix), Rekids
2022: Burns - "Talamanca" (Carl Cox Remix), FFRR Records
2022: Riva Starr - "Maria" (Carl Cox Remix), Snatch! Records
2022: Denis A - "BEON1X" (Carl Cox Remix), DAR
2023: Nicole Moudaber - "Intentionally" (Carl Cox Remix), MOOD
2023: Capricorn - "20HZ" (Carl Cox Remix), R&S Records
2023: Inner City - "Say Something" (Carl Cox Remix), KMS Records
References
External links
Carl Cox discography
Biography
Electronic music discographies
House music discographies
Discographies of British artists |
60565099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne%20Jefferson | Anne Jefferson | Anne Jarvis Jefferson is an American hydrologist who specializes in watershed hydrology, urban hydrology, and hydroecology. As of 2023, she is the Patrick Chair in Watershed Science and Planning at the Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources at the University of Vermont. Previously she was an associate professor at Kent State University in the Department of Geology, which became the Department of Earth Sciences.
Jefferson is notable for her work in urban landscapes and stormwater management, watershed hydrology of streams, rivers and groundwater, green infrastructure, land cover change, water resources and climate change impacts. She is a supporter of women in science and has completed multiple citizen outreach programs.
Early life and education
Early life
Born 1979, Anne Jefferson grew up in Winona, Minnesota. Jefferson has a long interest in landslides, snowmelt runoff channels and river and groundwater flow. In May 1997, Jefferson won the top prize at the 48th annual International Science and Engineering Fair (the Glenn T. Seaborg Nobel Trip Award). Her project was titled "Pool 6 – Mississippi River Sediment Budget: Movement and Storage," which examined at the activity of sediment in the Upper Mississippi River.
Education
Upon graduating from Winona Senior High school, Jefferson went on to earn her B.A. in Earth and Planetary Science from Johns Hopkins University (advisor: Hope Jahren) with university and departmental honors. She then earned an M.S. in Water Resource Science from the University of Minnesota in 2002, and four years later completed her Ph.D. in geology from Oregon State University and wrote her dissertation on the “Hydrology and Geomorphic Evolution of Basaltic Landscapes, High Cascades, Oregon."
Career and research
Since 2023, Jefferson has worked as professor at the Rubenstein School of Environment and Natural Resources at the University of Vermont. Prior to that, from 2016 to 2022, she was an Associate Professor and graduate studies coordinator in the Department of Geology (later Earth Sciences) at Kent State University, Kent, Ohio. Prior to that, she was an assistant professor in the Department of Geography and Earth Science at the University of North Carolina, in Charlotte, North Carolina. She was also a Postdoctoral Research Associate at Oregon State University.
Jefferson's lab focuses on watershed hydrology, urban hydrology and hydroecology, climate change impacts, isotope hydrology, and landscape evolution in human-affected and volcanic landscapes. Current projects in her lab focus on green infrastructure, stormwater management, and how urbanization and restoration efforts affect flow, sediment, and water quality. Her research has been supported by the National Science Foundation, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and various state and local organizations.
Honors and professional recognition
Jefferson was a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellow at Oregon State University.
In 2016 she was selected as an Alan Leshner Leadership Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Memberships
Jefferson is on the Board of Directors of CUAHSI (Consortium of Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Science, Inc.).
She is a working group member of the “Evolving Urban-Water Systems,” for the International Association for Hydrological Sciences, Panta Rhei Scientific Decade, 2013–2022.
She is a member of the American Geophysical Union, the Geological Society of America, the Earth Science Women's Network, the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Other interests
Women in science
Her mother is a plant ecologist who received her PhD in 1974. In large part due to this, Jefferson understands the importance of women in science. When she was 18 Jefferson participated in the 25th Anniversary of Title IX event at The White House on July 18, 1997. Since then, Jefferson has been an advocate for women in science.
Civic science and public engagement
Jefferson is an avid Twitter user and science blogger and works to make science information accessible to the general public. She chaired the public forum "The Fourth Annual Kent State University Water and Land symposium" in October 2016 where she facilitated a broader conversation on stormwater and climate change. Jefferson has conducted multiple citizen science projects with collaborators, such as Cleveland Metroparks and Cuyahoga Valley National Park, to engage locals communities and has worked on ways in which educational institutions and scientists can engage the public. Jefferson has been an advocate for government funding of science research and environmental protection, and has written op-eds and has given numerous media interviews.
Selected works
Jefferson has conducted a wide range of research from volcanic landscapes in the Oregon Cascades to stormwater management and effects of urbanization on watershed hydrology.
If a tree falls in an urban stream, does it stick around? Mobility, characteristics, and geomorphic influence of large wood in urban streams in northeastern Ohio, USA., Geomorphology. 337: 1–14. doi: 10.1016/j.geomorph.2019.03.033. 2019. Blauch, G. and Jefferson, A.J.
Stormwater management network effectiveness and implications for urban watershed function: a critical review, Hydrological Processes. 31 (23): 4056–4080, doi:10.1002/hyp.11347. 2017. Jefferson, A.J., Bhaskar, A., Fanelli, R., Hopkins, K.G., Avellaneda, P.M., and McMillan, S.K.
Simulation of the cumulative hydrological response to green infrastructure, Water Resources Research. 53, doi:10.1002/2016WR019836. 2017. Avellaneda, P.M., Jefferson, A.J., Grieser, J.M., and Bush, S.A., .
Assessing the effects of street-scale green infrastructure retrofits on hydrograph characteristics, northeastern Ohio, USA, Hydrologic Processes, 30(10):1536-1550. doi: 10.1002/hyp.10736. 2016. Jarden, K.M., Jefferson, A.J., and Grieser, J.M.
Application of isotope hydrograph separation to understand urban stormwater dynamics, Hydrological Processes, 29(25): 5290-5306. doi: 10.1002/hyp.10680. 2015. Jefferson, A.J., Bell, C.D., Clinton, S., and McMillan, S.
Controls on the hydrological landscape evolution of shield volcanoes and volcanic ocean islands, pp. 185–214 in Harpp, K.S., Mittelstaedt, E., d’Ozouville, N., and Graham, D.W. (eds), The Galapágos: A Natural Laboratory for the Earth Sciences, AGU Geophysical Monograph Series. 2014. Jefferson, A.J., Ferrier, K., Perron, J.T., and Ramalho, R.
Channel network extent in the context of historical land use, flow generation processes, and landscape evolution, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 38(6): 601–613, doi:10.1002/esp.3308. 2013. Jefferson, A.J. and McGee, R.W.
Seasonal versus transient snow and the elevation dependence of climate sensitivity in maritime mountainous regions, Geophysical Research Letters, 38, L16402, doi:10.1029/2011GL048346. 2011. Jefferson, A.J.
Coevolution of hydrology and topography on a basalt landscape in the Oregon Cascade Range, USA, Earth Surface Processes and Landforms,35(7): 803–816. doi: 10.1002/esp.1976. 2010. Jefferson, A.J., Grant, G., Lancaster, S., and Lewis, S.
Hydrogeologic controls on streamflow sensitivity to climatic variability, Hydrological Processes. 22: 4371–4385. 2008. Jefferson, A.J., Nolin, A., Lewis, S., and Tague, C.
References
Living people
1979 births
Oregon State University alumni
Kent State University faculty
American hydrologists
21st-century American geologists
Johns Hopkins University alumni
American women geologists
American women academics
Women hydrologists
21st-century American women scientists |
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