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1266174 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clavioline | Clavioline | The clavioline is an electronic analog synthesizer. It was invented by French engineer Constant Martin in 1947 in Versailles.
The instrument consists of a keyboard and a separate amplifier and speaker unit. The keyboard usually covered three octaves, and had a number of switches to alter the tone of the sound produced, add vibrato (a defining feature of the instrument), and provide other effects. The Clavioline used a vacuum tube oscillator to produce a buzzy waveform, almost a square wave, which could then be altered using high-pass and low-pass filtering, as well as the vibrato. The amplifier also aided in creating the instrument's signature tones, by deliberately providing a large amount of distortion.
Several models of the Clavioline were produced by different companies. Among the more important were the Standard, Reverb, and Concert models by Selmer in France and Gibson in the United States in the 1950s. The six-octave model employing octave transposition was developed by Harald Bode, and under licensed by Jörgensen Electronic in Germany. In England, the Jennings Organ Company's first successful product was the Univox, an early self-powered electronic keyboard inspired by the Selmer Clavioline.
In Japan, Ace Tone's first prototype, the Canary S-2 (1962), was based on the Clavioline.
Recordings
The Clavioline has been used on a number of recordings in popular music as well as in film. Along with the Mellotron, it was one of the keyboard instruments favoured by rock and pop musicians during the 1960s before the arrival of the Moog synthesizer.
"Little Red Monkey" (1953) by Frank Chacksfield’s Tunesmiths features Jack Jordan on clavioline. An earlier recording of the tune by Jack Jordan himself was issued on the HMV label.
In 1953–54, Van Phillips composed music for the clavioline for the science-fiction radio trilogy Journey into Space.
In the Bollywood Hindi film Nagin (1954), Kalyanji Virji Shah plays the snake-charmer tune "Man dole mera, tan dole mere" on the clavioline, under the musical direction of Hemant Kumar.
"Runaway" and "Hats Off to Larry" (1961) by Del Shannon each feature a bridge solo by Max Crook, performed on a heavily modified clavioline that he called the Musitron.
English producer Joe Meek began recording with a clavioline in 1960. His production of the Tornados' hit instrumental "Telstar" (1962) features the clavioline or perhaps a Univox, as does the B-side of that single, "Jungle Fever". Author Mark Brend states that, while the exact instrument used has long been open to debate, "there remains a very faint possibility that Meek used a Univox on 'Telstar,' mixed with a Clavioline."
The jazz albums The Magic City (1966), The Heliocentric Worlds of Sun Ra, Volume Two (1966), and Atlantis (1967) by Sun Ra include clavioline.
The Beatles used a clavioline on "Baby, You're a Rich Man", which was issued in July 1967 as the B-side of their "All You Need Is Love" single. John Lennon played the instrument on its oboe setting, creating an exotic sound that suggests an Indian shehnai. In his feature article on the clavioline, in Sound on Sound magazine, Gordon Reid pairs "Baby, You're a Rich Man" with "Telstar" as the two seminal pop recordings made with the instrument. The Clavioline that the Beatles used was owned by EMI Studios at Abbey Road in London.
The Strawbs 1972 album Grave New World includes some clavioline played by their keyboardist Blue Weaver, on the song The Flower And The Young Man.
The Amon Düül II album Wolf City (1972)
The White Stripes used a 1959 Univox on their album Icky Thump (2007).
Darren Allison plays clavioline on William Blake's "Eternity" by Daisy Bell, from their London album (2015).
John Barry of the John Barry Seven made a recording called "Starfire" which featured the instrument, and it was on the 45 single version of his theme for the TV series Fireball XL5. The clavioline was also used extensively on his Stringbeat LP and other recordings of the period, played by bandleader and future Benny Hill associate Ted Taylor.
A clavioline appears on Mike Oldfield's 2017 album Return to Ommadawn.
See also
Ondioline
Ondes Martenot
List of electronic instruments
Synthesizer#Monophonic electronic keyboards
References
Sources
Electric and electronic keyboard instruments |
34392182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anglesia%20Visconti | Anglesia Visconti | Anglesia Visconti (1377–1439), was a queen consort of Cyprus by marriage to King Janus. She was daughter of Bernabò Visconti, Lord of Milan and Beatrice Regina della Scala, daughter of Mastino II lord of Verona.
Anglesia became queen consort of Cyprus, through marriage to King Janus of Cyprus, sometime after January 1400. Janus was also a titular king of Jerusalem and Armenia. The marriage was annulled between 1407 and 1409 without issue.
Her sister Valentina Visconti married to Peter II of Cyprus, a cousin of Janus.
References
Queens consort of Cyprus
1377 births
1439 deaths
15th century in Cyprus
15th-century Italian women
People from Nicosia
Anglesia
14th-century Italian nobility
14th-century Italian women
15th-century Italian nobility |
26471770 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel%20Lefranc | Abel Lefranc | Maurice Jules Abel Lefranc (27 July 1863 – 26 November 1952) was a historian of French literature, expert on Rabelais, and the principal advocate of the Derbyite theory of Shakespeare authorship.
Early life
Lefranc was born in Élincourt-Sainte-Marguerite. After studying at the École Nationale des Chartes, where he wrote a thesis on the history and organization of the town of Noyon until the end of the 13th century (1886). He left to study in Leipzig and Berlin (1887), where he prepared a report on the teaching of history in Germany, which he believed to be the most advanced in the world.
Scholarly career
While working with the National Archives, he continued his historical research, turning specifically to the 16th century. In 1893, at the age of 30, he published Histoire du Collège de France depuis les origines jusqu’à la fin du Premier Empire, a history of the Collège de France from its origin to the fall of Napoleon. His intention was to rehabilitate the later period of the Collège's existence, which had been neglected. He became secretary of the Collège de France under three of its directors: Gaston Boissier, Gaston Paris and Emile Levasseur, combining his job with those of archivist and librarian of the institution. He also continued with his own research on the history of literature.
In 1904, on the death of Émile Deschanel, Chair of Modern French Literature at the Collège de France, Lefranc successfully competed for the position against Ferdinand Brunetière, who was considered anti-scientific and overly influenced by religious doctrines. Lefranc had already been appointed lecturer at the École pratique des hautes études, of which he became director in 1911. By this time, he was considered as an important historian and philologist, whose work on John Calvin, Marguerite de Navarre and François Rabelais was authoritative.
In 1903 Lefranc founded the Société des Etudes rabelaisiennes and the journal Revue des Etudes rabelaisiennes. He believed that Rabelais was a militant anti-Christian atheist, whose nominally comic writings conveyed his philosophy.
Lefranc was elected to the Académie des inscriptions et belles-lettres in 1927.
His works are now largely outdated. They nevertheless helped train a generation of literary historians of the 16th century, who continued his work and applied his methods.
Shakespeare theories
His theories about William Shakespeare were published in 1918 in Sous le masque de William Shakespeare: William Stanley, Vie comte de Derby (2 vol., 1918). Lefranc argued that William Stanley, 6th Earl of Derby was the true author of Shakespeare's works. Lefranc developed the theory after James H. Greenstreet first suggested it in the 1890s, following his discovery of a letter which stated that Derby was "busy in penning comedies for the common players". Lefranc decided that Derby's life fitted the interests and beliefs of Shakespeare the writer. Derby may have had an affair with Mary Fitton, a candidate for the Dark Lady of the sonnets. Lefranc considered Derby to be sympathetic to France and to Catholicism, views he also believed to be present in the plays. Derby's proficiency in French would explain Shakespeare's use of the language in Henry V. According to Lefranc, Derby's experiences in the Court of Navarre are reflected in Love's Labour's Lost. Lefranc also believed that the character of Falstaff was influenced by the work of Rabelais, which was not available in English translation at the time.
Principal publications
Histoire de la ville de Noyon et de ses institutions jusqu'à la fin du XIIIe siècle (1887)
La Jeunesse de Calvin (1888)
Histoire du Collège de France depuis ses origines jusqu'à la fin du premier Empire (1893)
Les Idées religieuses de Marguerite de Navarre d'après son œuvre poétique Les Marguerites et les Dernières poésies (1898)
Les Navigations de Pantagruel, études sur la géographie rabelaisienne (1905)
Les Lettres et les idées depuis la Renaissance (2 vol., 1910–1914)
Sous le masque de William Shakespeare : William Stanley, Vie comte de Derby (2 vol., 1918)
La Vie quotidienne au temps de la Renaissance (1938)
À la découverte de Shakespeare (2 vol., 1945)
Editions
Marguerite de Navarre: Les Dernières poésies (1896)
Jean Calvin: Institution de la religion chrestienne (en coll., 2 vol. 1911)
François Rabelais: Œuvres (en coll., 5 vol. 1913–1931)
André Chénier: Œuvres inédites (1914)
References
1863 births
People from Oise
1952 deaths
19th-century French historians
20th-century French historians
French archivists
French librarians
Literary historians
École Nationale des Chartes alumni
Members of the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres
Academic staff of the Collège de France
Shakespeare authorship theorists
Derbyite theory of Shakespeare authorship
French male dramatists and playwrights
French male poets |
62560040 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1994%20Las%20Vegas%20Sting%20season | 1994 Las Vegas Sting season | The 1994 Las Vegas Sting season was the first season for the Las Vegas Sting. They finished the 1994 season 5–7 and lost in the quarterfinals of the AFL playoffs to the Albany Firebirds.
Regular season
Schedule
Standings
Playoffs
The Sting were seeded seventh overall in the AFL playoffs.
Awards
References
Anaheim Piranhas seasons
1994 Arena Football League season
Las Vegas Sting Season, 1994
20th century in Las Vegas |
39168106 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eduardo%20Di%20Giovanni | Eduardo Di Giovanni | Eduardo Di Giovanni (Syracuse, 7 November 1875 – Rome, 16 March 1979) was an Italian politician.
He was Deputy in the XXV and XXVI legislature of the Kingdom of Italy. After the World War II he represented the Italian Socialist Party (1946–1947) and the Socialist Party of Italian Workers (1947–1948) in the Constituent Assembly of Italy. Subsequently, he served as Senator from 1948 to 1953, as Undersecretary for Industry and Commerce from 1949 to 1951 and as delegate of the Senate to the Assembly of the Council of Europe (1948–1951).
Started in Freemasonry in the Archimedes Lodge of Syracuse on 29 April 1912, he became Mason Master on 24 June 1913, after the war he was also a member of the Universe Lodge of Rome, belonging to the Grand Orient of Italy, of which he was appointed honorary Grand Master on 9 January 1954. He died aged 103 in 1979.
References
1875 births
1979 deaths
People from Syracuse, Sicily
Italian Socialist Party politicians
Italian Democratic Socialist Party politicians
20th-century Italian politicians
Italian centenarians
Men centenarians
Members of the Constituent Assembly of Italy
Members of the Senate of the Republic (Italy)
Politicians of Sicily |
6302076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Merrill%20Hough | Charles Merrill Hough | Charles Merrill Hough (May 18, 1858 – April 22, 1927) was a United States circuit judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit and previously was a United States District Judge of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York.
Education and career
Born on May 18, 1858, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Hough received an Artium Baccalaureus degree in 1879 from Dartmouth College and read law in 1883. He entered private practice in New York City from 1884 to 1906.
Federal judicial service
Hough was nominated by President Theodore Roosevelt on June 20, 1906, to the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York (S.D.N.Y.), to a new seat authorized by 34 Stat. 202. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on June 27, 1906, and received his commission the same day.
Hough's most historically memorable judicial ruling came in 1908 in United States vs. Press Publishing Co. Hough quashed a libel suit brought by the federal government on behalf of President Roosevelt against a newspaper, the New York World, that had been critical of the way the administration handled the Panama Canal startup. The Supreme Court of the United States unanimously upheld Hough’s ruling in 1911.
In 1909, Hough ruled in favor of the Association of Licensed Automobile Manufacturers (ALAM) against the Ford Motor Company, regarding an automobile patent issued to George B. Selden that ALAM was using to collect royalties. Hough's ruling was overturned on appeal in 1911, allowing Ford (and other manufacturers) to produce automobiles without paying a royalty.
Hough's service with S.D.N.Y. terminated on September 5, 1916, due to his elevation to the Second Circuit.
Hough was nominated by President Woodrow Wilson on August 15, 1916, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit vacated by Judge Emile Henry Lacombe. Hough was confirmed by the Senate on August 21, 1916, and received his commission the same day. He was a member of the Conference of Senior Circuit Judges (now the Judicial Conference of the United States) in 1926. His service terminated on April 22, 1927, due to his death in New York City.
Personal life
Hough was the son of brigadier general Alfred Lacey Hough (1826–1908) and Mary Jane Merrill. He married Ethel Powers in 1906. They bore two children, Helen Anastasia Hough (1905–1978) and John Newbold Hough (1906–2000).
Notes
Sources
References
External links
United States v. Press Publishing Co., 219 U.S. 1 (1911)
1858 births
1927 deaths
Dartmouth College alumni
Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
Judges of the United States District Court for the Southern District of New York
United States court of appeals judges appointed by Woodrow Wilson
United States district court judges appointed by Theodore Roosevelt
20th-century American judges
United States federal judges admitted to the practice of law by reading law |
7180607 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Beirne | Andrew Beirne | Andrew Beirne (1771 – March 16, 1845) was an Irish immigrant who became a merchant, militia officer and politician in western Virginia, representing Monroe County in both houses of the Virginia General Assembly as well as the United States House of Representatives and the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829-1830.
Early and family life
Beirne was born in Dangan, County Roscommon, Ireland, to Andrew Beirne, Dangan's Hereditary Chieftain, and Mary Plunkett Beirne, daughter of Edward Plunkett, 12th Baron Dunsany, the youngest of their five sons and a daughter. He received a classical education (possibly preparing for a career as a priest), and graduated from Trinity University in Dublin.
In Virginia, Beirne dropped the "O" from his surname and married Ellen Keenan, the daughter of Edward Keenan, who had likewise immigrated from Ireland. Of their ten children, five sons and four daughters reached adulthood.
Career
Beirne immigrated to the United States in 1793 and settled in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, investing his $150 savings in a business that failed. He then became a peddler, and about 1795 opened a store in Greenbrier County, Virginia on the farm of Edward Keenan, a fellow immigrant from Ireland, whose daughter he soon married (as discussed above). At about this time, two of his brothers emigrated to the United States and the three Beirnes formed a mercantile partnership, transporting merchandise from Philadelphia to Virginia, and accepting payment in ginseng, pelts, cattle or other goods. After the Virginia General Assembly created Monroe County from Greenbrier County, Beirne moved his store to the county seat, Union, and when the business flourished, openedn other stores in Virginia and the South, eventually acquiring 72 tracts of land (some presumably to repay customers' debts). He also established a 2,200 acre plantation, which he named "Walnut Grove" on the best land in Monroe County, somewhat north of Union.
Beirne at first aligned with the Jeffersonian Republican political party, and Monroe County voters elected him as their (part-time) representative in the Virginia House of Delegates in 1806 and re-elected him.
He also became a captain in the county militia, and during the War of 1812, that rifle company was ordered to Norfolk to protect the port and shipyard, but saw no action..
Beirne was delegate to the Virginia Constitutional Convention of 1829-1830 and member of the Virginia State Senate 1831-1836. He was elected as a Democrat to the Twenty-fifth and Twenty-sixth Congresses (March 4, 1837 – March 3, 1841). Beirne was not a candidate for reelection in 1840 to the Twenty-seventh Congress and resumed his former business activities.
Beirne died while on a visit in Gainesville, Sumter County, Alabama, March 16, 1845, with interment in the family burying ground at Union, Monroe County, Virginia.
His home at Union, known as "Walnut Grove," was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.
His son, Oliver Beirne, inherited The Houmas slave plantation and another 9 plantations from John Burnside, a man that Andrew Beirne had helped became a successful businessman and that was considered part of the family (a legend said he was found as an infant by Andrew Beirne who raised him as a son) so that he is buried with the Beirnes at Green Hill Cemetery, Union.
References
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
White, Edward T. "Andrew and Oliver Beirne of Monroe County." West Virginia History 20 (October 1958): 16-23.
1771 births
1845 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Military personnel from West Virginia
American militiamen in the War of 1812
Irish emigrants to the United States
Democratic Party members of the Virginia House of Delegates
People from Union, West Virginia
People from West Virginia in the War of 1812
Politicians from County Roscommon
Democratic Party Virginia state senators
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Virginia |
61894859 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clementine%20%28Halsey%20song%29 | Clementine (Halsey song) | "Clementine" is a song by American singer Halsey. It was released on September 29, 2019, her twenty-fifth birthday, through Capitol Records as the first promotional single from her third studio album, Manic (2020).
Background and composition
Written by Halsey, Jasper Sheff and Johnathan Carter Cunnigham, "Clementine" is a "stripped-back track, driven by simple piano tinkling and some subtle clunking for percussion". Halsey released the song on her twenty-fifth birthday.
Critical reception
Whitney Shoemaker from Alternative Press wrote that "Halsey strips things down in her raw new track". Mike Nied of Idolator wrote that the track "finds her at her most poetic over sparse keys", while writing that the song "doesn't exactly scream radio hit".
Music video
The music video for "Clementine" was released with the song on September 29, 2019. The video shows Halsey and her brother Sévian performing interpretive dance in an aquarium. The video was directed by Anton Tammi and Dani Vitale who also did the choreography.
Credits and personnel
Credits adapted from Tidal.
Halsey – producer, songwriting, vocals
John Cunnigham – producer, songwriting, programming
Jasper Sheff – songwriting
Serban Ghenea – mixer, studio personnel
John Hanes – mix engineer, studio personnel
Chris Gehringer – mastering engineer, studio personnel
Will Quinnell – assistant mastering engineer, studio personnel
Aria McKnight – A&R
Jeremy Vuernick – A&R
Ryan Del Vecchio – A&R Admin
Release history
References
2019 singles
2019 songs
Halsey (singer) songs
Capitol Records singles
Songs written by Halsey (singer) |
44200803 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavandeep%20Singh | Pavandeep Singh | Pavandeep Singh (born 17 January 1998) is a Malaysian cricketer. He played in the 2014 ICC World Cricket League Division Three tournament. In April 2018, he was named in Malaysia's squad for the 2018 ICC World Cricket League Division Four tournament, also in Malaysia. He was the leading wicket-taker for Malaysia in the tournament, with nine dismissals in five matches.
In August 2018, he was named in Malaysia's squad for the 2018 Asia Cup Qualifier tournament. In October 2018, he was named in Malaysia's squad in the Eastern sub-region group for the 2018–19 ICC World Twenty20 Asia Qualifier tournament. On 9 October 2018, in the rain-affected match against Myanmar, he took five wickets for one run, with Myanmar finishing 9/8 from 10.1 overs.
In July 2019, he was named in Malaysia's Twenty20 International (T20I) squad for their series against Nepal. He made his T20I debut for Malaysia against Nepal on 13 July 2019. In September 2019, he was named in Malaysia's squad for the 2019 Malaysia Cricket World Cup Challenge League A tournament. He made his List A debut for Malaysia, against Denmark, in the Cricket World Cup Challenge League A tournament on 16 September 2019.
References
External links
1998 births
Living people
Malaysian cricketers
Malaysia Twenty20 International cricketers
Place of birth missing (living people)
Malaysian people of Punjabi descent
Malaysian sportspeople of Indian descent
Cricketers at the 2014 Asian Games
Cricketers at the 2022 Asian Games
SEA Games gold medalists for Malaysia
SEA Games medalists in cricket
Competitors at the 2017 SEA Games
Asian Games competitors for Malaysia
Competitors at the 2023 SEA Games |
63475477 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantinos%20Kapoutaglis | Konstantinos Kapoutaglis | Konstantinos Kapoutaglis (; born 1 July 1996) is a Greek professional footballer who plays as a goalkeeper for Gamma Ethniki club Panionios.
References
1996 births
Living people
Greece men's youth international footballers
Football League (Greece) players
Gamma Ethniki players
Super League Greece 2 players
Panachaiki F.C. players
Men's association football goalkeepers
Footballers from Athens
Greek men's footballers |
45034195 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Comrade | Little Comrade | Little Comrade is a lost 1919 American silent comedy film directed by Chester Withey and written by Alice Eyton and Juliet Wilbor Tompkins. The film stars Vivian Martin, Niles Welch, Gertrude Claire, Richard Henry Cummings, Larry Steers, and Elinor Hancock. The film was released on March 30, 1919, by Paramount Pictures.
Plot
As described in a film magazine, Genevieve Rutherford Hale (Martin), pampered daughter of wealthy parents, decides to become a farmerette to help win the war. She arrives at the Hubbard farm in her limousine and goes to work with a group of other young women. Bob Hubbard (Welch), the youngest son of farmer Hubbard (Cummings), falls in love with Genevieve, and when he enters an army training camp life becomes so distasteful that he goes AWOL and returns home. Genevieve persuades him to return to camp, but they are discovered together and the elder Hubbard sends the young woman away. Bob obtains a leave of absence and goes home to explain things to explain things to his father, and Genevieve's name is cleared in the eyes of the farmer and farmerettes. Bob becomes a good soldier and determines to marry Genevieve when the war is over.
Cast
Vivian Martin as Genevieve Rutherford Hale
Niles Welch as Bobbie Hubbard
Gertrude Claire as Mrs. Hubbard
Richard Henry Cummings as Mr. Hubbard
Larry Steers as Lieutenant Richard Hubbard
Elinor Hancock as Mrs. Hale
Nancy Chase as Isabel Hale
Pearl Lovici as Bertha Bicknell
References
External links
1919 films
1910s English-language films
Silent American comedy films
1919 comedy films
Paramount Pictures films
Lost American comedy films
Films directed by Chester Withey
American black-and-white films
American silent feature films
1919 lost films
1910s American films |
29641141 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Parry%20%28Boston%20MP%29 | Thomas Parry (Boston MP) | Thomas Parry (23 February 1818 − 23 December 1879) was a British Liberal Party politician from Sleaford in Lincolnshire. He sat in the House of Commons for three short periods between 1865 and 1874.
Early life
Parry was born in 1818 (according to his tombstone, on 23 February), son of William Parry (1786–1876), of Lincoln, and his wife, Mary Stanley (1799–1868), daughter of Henry Stanley.
Business
He became an articled clerk to Charles Kirk the elder (1791–1847), architect, of Sleaford, responsible for many new buildings in the town in the 1830s and 1840s. The men became partners, their firm being called Kirk and Parry. In 1841, Parry married Kirk's daughter, Henrietta Kirk. After Kirk's death, his son, Charles replaced him as partner in the business.
Parry was also a proprietor of the colliery in Strafford, near Barnsley, Yorkshire.
Parliamentary career
He was elected at the 1865 general election as a Member of Parliament (MP) for the borough of Boston in Lincolnshire, but an election petition was lodged and the result was overturned on 21 March 1866 in favour of the other Liberal candidate Meaburn Staniland.
Staniland resigned from the Commons on 8 March 1867, and Parry was returned unopposed in his place at a by-election on 16 March. He did not stand at the 1868 general election, but was re-elected at the 1874 general election. That result was the subject of another election petition, which led to 353 of Parry's 1,347 votes being struck off, thereby making John Wingfield Malcolm the winner of the second seat. The bribery was so extensive that even more votes could have been struck off, but the process was stopped on 8 June 1874 when Malcolm had a nominal majority of two votes. A Royal Commission was established to enquire into the electoral process in the borough.
Death
Parry died at Mustapha Superieur in Algiers on 23 December 1879 aged 61 and his remains were interred at Quarrington, Lincolnshire.
References
Citations
External links
1818 births
1879 deaths
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1865–1868
UK MPs 1874–1880
People from Sleaford, Lincolnshire |
1514907 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unary%20function | Unary function | In mathematics, a unary function is a function that takes one argument. A unary operator belongs to a subset of unary functions, in that its range coincides with its domain. In contrast, a unary function's domain may or may not coincide with its range.
Examples
The successor function, denoted , is a unary operator. Its domain and codomain are the natural numbers; its definition is as follows:
In many programming languages such as C, executing this operation is denoted by postfixing to the operand, i.e. the use of is equivalent to executing the assignment .
Many of the elementary functions are unary functions, including the trigonometric functions, logarithm with a specified base, exponentiation to a particular power or base, and hyperbolic functions.
See also
Arity
Binary function
Binary operator
List of mathematical functions
Ternary operation
Unary operation
References
Foundations of Genetic Programming
Functions and mappings
Types of functions |
16088453 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20San%20Fernando%20de%20Apure | Roman Catholic Diocese of San Fernando de Apure | The Roman Catholic Diocese of San Fernando de Apure () is a suffragan Latin diocese in the Ecclesiastical province of Calabozo in Venezuela.
Its cathedral episcopal see is, located in the city of San Fernando de Apure.
History
It was established on 7 June 1954 as Territorial Prelature of San Fernando de Apure, on territories split off from the Dioceses of Calabozo and San Cristóbal de Venezuela
Promoted on 12 November 1974 as Diocese of San Fernando de Apure
It lost territory on 3 December 2015 to establish (part of) the Diocese of Guasdualito
Episcopal ordinaries
(all Roman rite)
Territorial Prelates of San Fernando de Apure
Bishop-prelate Angel Adolfo Polachini Rodriguez (1966.11.30 – 1971.03.25), Titular Bishop of Rusticiana (1966.11.30 – 1971.03.25); later Bishop of Guanare (Venezuela) (1971.03.25 – retired 1994.04.16)
Bishop-prelate Roberto Antonio Dávila Uzcátegui (1972.06.23 – 1974.11.12 see below), Titular Bishop of Aurusuliana (1972.06.23 – 1974.11.12)
Suffragan Bishops of San Fernando de Apure
Roberto Antonio Dávila Uzcátegui (see above 1974.11.12 – 1992.06.23); later Auxiliary Bishop of Caracas (Venezuela) (1992.06.23 – 2005.12.12 retired) & Titular Bishop of Arindela (1992.06.23 – ...)
''Apostolic Administrator (1992.05.27 – 1994.07.12) Ignacio Antonio Velasco García, S.D.B. while Titular Bishop of Utimmira (1989.10.23 – 1995.05.27) & Apostolic Vicar of Puerto Ayacucho (Venezuela) (1989.10.23 – 1995.05.27); later Metropolitan Archbishop of Caracas (Venezuela) (1995.05.27 – death 2003.07.06), created Cardinal-Priest of S. Maria Domenica Mazzarello (2001.02.21 [2001.05.24] – 2003.07.06)
Mariano José Parra Sandoval (1994.07.12 – 2001.07.10); later Bishop of Ciudad Guayana (Venezuela) (2001.07.10 – 2016.10.25), Archbishop of Coro (2016.10.25 - ...)
Víctor Manuel Pérez Rojas (2001.11.07 – 2016.07.15 retired); previously Titular Bishop of Tagaria (1998.05.09 – 2001.11.07) & Auxiliary Bishop of Calabozo (Venezuela) (1998.05.09 – 2001.11.07)
Alfredo Enrique Torres Rondón (2016.07.15 - ...); previously Titular Bishop of Sassura (2013.07.15 - 2016.07.15) & Auxiliary Bishop of Mérida (Venezuela) (2013.07.15 - 2016.07.15)
See also
Roman Catholicism in Venezuela
References
External links
GCatholic.org, with incumbent biography links
Catholic Hierarchy
Roman Catholic dioceses in Venezuela
Roman Catholic Ecclesiastical Province of Calabozo
Christian organizations established in 1954
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century
1954 establishments in Venezuela
San Fernando de Apure |
8970725 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A432%20autoroute | A432 autoroute | The A432 autoroute is a motorway in Lyon, France. It connects the A46 with the A42 and A43 serving the airport Lyon Saint-Exupéry.
With the northern segment of the A46 it allows the traffic Paris - Marseilles, Côte d'Azur to avoid Lyon.
Junctions
Exchange A42-A432 Junction with the A42
03 10 km: Aéroport Lyon Saint-Exupéry Towns served: Pusignan, Villette d'Anthon, Janneyrias, Meyzieu
04 19 km Towns served: Saint-Bonnet-de-Mure, Colombier-Saugnieu
05 21 km Towns served: Saint-Laurent-de-Mure, Colombier-Saugnieu
Exchange A43-A432 Junction with the A43.
References
External links
A432 Motorway in Saratlas
A432
Ring roads in France |
56338445 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Olympic%20men%27s%20ice%20hockey%20players%20for%20Slovakia | List of Olympic men's ice hockey players for Slovakia | Men's ice hockey tournaments have been staged at the Olympic Games since 1920. The men's tournament was introduced at the 1920 Summer Olympics, and permanently added to the Winter Olympic Games in 1924. Slovakia has participated in 5 of 22 tournaments, sending 10 goaltenders and 61 skaters.
The Olympic Games were originally intended for amateur athletes, so the players of the National Hockey League (NHL) and other professional leagues were not allowed to compete. In 1986, the International Olympic Committee (IOC) voted to allow all athletes to compete in Olympic Games, starting in 1988. The NHL decided not to allow all players to participate in 1988, 1992 or 1994, because doing so would force the league to halt play during the Olympics. An agreement was reached in 1995 that allowed NHL players to compete in the Olympics, starting with the 1998 Games in Nagano, Japan. Slovak players were a part of the Czechoslovakia men's national ice hockey team until the dissolution of Czechoslovakia in 1993 separated the countries. The Czech Republic men's national ice hockey team was considered the successor to Czechoslovakia, while Slovakia was treated as a "new" country for the purposes of the International Ice Hockey Federation, and forced to work its way up through the ranks. Despite this, Slovakia qualified for the 1994 tournament, and finished in a respectable sixth place. At the 2002 tournament, the preliminary round was scheduled without the participation of NHL players. This negatively impacted the Slovakian team, which had a heavy reliance on NHL players; as a result, the team finished in 13th place in the tournament. Today, however, Slovakia is considered one of the "Big Seven" hockey nations, and is a regular contender for a medal at international tournaments. National teams are co-ordinated by Slovak Ice Hockey Federation and players are chosen by the team's management staff.
The Slovaks have not won a medal in an Olympic tournament. Their best finish was in fourth place at the 2010 Games. Peter Šťastný is the only Slovak player to have been inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame and the IIHF Hall of Fame. Miroslav Šatan holds the record for most games played, having dressed for 22 games in 1994, 2002, 2006 and 2010; he and Ľubomír Višňovský are the only players to participate in four tournaments. Marián Hossa leads Slovak Olympians in goals (12) and points (25), while Pavol Demitra has 14 assists, more than any other player.
Key
Goaltenders
Reserve goaltenders
These goaltenders were named to the Olympic roster, but did not receive any ice time during games. Pavol Rybár did not play in any games in the 1998 tournament, but did start games at later tournaments. Peter Budaj and Rastislav Staňa were named to the team at the 2010 tournament, but did not play any games.
Skaters
See also
Slovakia men's national ice hockey team
Notes
References
External links
Slovak Ice Hockey Federation - Official website
ice hockey
Slovakia
Slovakia
Slovakia men's national ice hockey team |
22236181 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.%20S.%20Ramasami%20Padayatchiyar | S. S. Ramasami Padayatchiyar | S. S. Ramasami Padayatchiyar (16 September 1918 – 3 April 1992) was a politician from the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. He was the founder of the Tamil political party Tamil Nadu Toilers' Party, which is considered to be a predecessor of Pattali Makkal Katchi.
Early life
Padayatchiyar was born in a Vanniyar family at the South Arcot district of Madras Presidency on 16 September 1918. He studied till high school and did not pursue any further education. He entered politics and founded the Tamil Nadu Toilers Party in 1951.
Tamil Nadu Toilers Party
Tamil Nadu Toilers Party was created by Padayatchiyar and members of the Vanniyar caste during the 1950s. In 1951, Vanniyars convened a major conference of the Vanniyar Kula Kshatriya Sangam. M. A. Manickavelu Naicker, a lawyer and S. S. Ramasami Padayatchi, 33-year-old high school graduate, Chairman of the Cuddalore Municipal school and member of the South Arcot district board were participants of the conference among others. The conference which intended to organise Vanniyars on a statewide basis failed due to traditional local loyalties. South Arcot and Salem Vanniyars under Padayatchiyars's leadership formed Tamil Nadu Toilers party whereas Vanniyars from North Arcot and Chengalpattu under Naicker formed Commonweal Party. The partnership of Tamil Nadu toilers party & Commonweal party ensured success in 25 M.L.A. constituencies & 4 members of parliament, after which a problem in Madras legislative assembly on 1954 came to a solution to take referendum in assembly for Indian National Congress to prove its majority to form government, where Kamaraj of INC was supported by S.S. Ramaswamy Padayatchiyar & Manickavelu Naicker to become Chief Minister of Madras presidency.
In the Madras Legislative Assembly
Padayatchiyar was unsure over the choice of alliances. However, initially, he was highly skeptical of the Indian National Congress and criticized the Commonweal Party for establishing an alliance with the Congress. But he significantly modified his stance when C. Rajagopalachari resigned as the Chief Minister of Madras state. He proposed negotiations with Rajaji's successor K. Kamaraj and eventually, merged his party with the Congress accepting an appointment as Minister of Local Self-Government.
During the 1962 elections, Padayatchiyar quit the Congress and revived the Tamil Nadu Toilers Party. He concluded an alliance with the Swatantra Party and contested the elections as an ally of the Swarajya Party. However, Tamil Nadu Toilers Party performed poorly in the 1962 elections and Padayatchiyar himself lost his seat. During the 1967 elections, Padayatchiyar approached the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam offering his support. But the DMK rebuffed him saying that there were enough candidates from the Vanniyar community in the DMK and the support of the Tamil Nadu Toilers Party would not be needed. The DMK performed well in the elections and captured power in the state.
As Member of Parliament
After a brief lull, Padayatchiyar returned to politics in 1980. He returned to the Indian National Congress and contested in the Lok Sabha elections from Tindivanam and was elected to the lower house of Indian Parliament. Padayatchiyar was re-elected in 1984 and served from 1980 to 1989.
Philanthropy
He donated several acres of his land for public railways, government hospitals, and the bus terminal in Cuddalore.
Memorial for Padayatchiyar
In memory of Padayatchiyar a portrait was unveiled in Tamilnadu Legislative Assembly. To honour Padayatchiyar and his Social Justice Service, on 29 June 2018 Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu Edappadi K. Palaniswami announced in the Assembly that Padayatchiyar birth anniversary on September 16 would be officially celebrated as Government Function. And also announced that a Memorial for Padayatchiyar would be built at Cuddalore. Edappadi K Palaniswami on 14 Sep 2018 laid the foundation for the Memorial at Manjakuppam in Cuddalore, through video conferencing at the Secretariat. The memorial was opened on 25 November 2019 by Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu Edappadi K. Palaniswami in 1.5-acre land in the heart of the Cuddalore city with a life-size bronze statue of the late leader, also with a library at an cost of 2.15 crore.
Family
Ramasami Padayatchiyar married Papa Ammal and had two sons and one daughter, Vimal.
Death
Ramasami Padayatchiyar died on 3 April 1992 at Cuddalore.
See also
M. A. Manickavelu Naicker
S. Ramadoss
Notes
1918 births
1992 deaths
Lok Sabha members from Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu ministers
India MPs 1980–1984
India MPs 1984–1989
People from Viluppuram district
Madras MLAs 1952–1957 |
16481186 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979%20in%20Norway | 1979 in Norway | Events in the year 1979 in Norway.
Incumbents
Monarch – Olav V
Prime Minister – Odvar Nordli (Labour Party)
Events
Municipal and county elections are held throughout the country.
Bryggen and the Urnes stave church are designated by UNESCO as World Heritage Sites.
The death penalty is abolished for all crimes.
18 September – A fire in Vålerenga Church, which was later made into a song that became the club hymn for Vålerenga.
Popular culture
Sports
Music
Film
March – the planet Hoth scenes from the Hollywood film "The Empire Strikes Back" were filmed in the Hardangerjøkulen glacier.
Television
1 December – During an episode of Jul i Skomakergata on NRK, Sandmännchen premieres on Norwegian television for the first time.
Literature
Åge Rønning, writer and journalist, is awarded the Riksmål Society Literature Prize.
Nils Johan Rud, novelist, short story writer and magazine editor, is awarded the Dobloug Prize for Swedish and Norwegian fiction.
Bjørg Vik, writer, playwright and journalist, is awarded the Norwegian Critics Prize for Literature for the short stories En håndfull lengsel.
Notable births
January
1 January – Anders Danielsen Lie, actor
4 January – Audun Ellingsen, jazz musician
5 January – Håvard Klemetsen, Nordic combined skier
7 January – Andreas Hauger, footballer
8 January – John Anders Bjørkøy, footballer
11 January – Kari Mette Johansen, handball player.
12 January – Åsa Elvik, politician
13 January – Einar Kalsæg, footballer
16 January – Espen Isaksen, footballer
20 January – Marte Reenaas, ski orienteering competitor
21 January – Thomas Berling, footballer
22 January – Ailo Gaup, motocross rider
22 January – Svein Oddvar Moen, footballer
23 January – Jarl Espen Ygranes, ice hockey player
24 January – Anita Auglend, singer
February
2 February – Olav Råstad, footballer
11 February – Joachim Sørum, footballer
March
1 March – Torbjørn Ringdal Hansen, chess player.
6 March – Aksel Magdahl, sailor
11 March
Roger Hjelmstadstuen, snowboarder
Morten Tandberg, football manager
13 March
Børge Lund, handball player.
Espen Olsen, footballer
15 March – Ola Berger, ski mountaineer anc cross-country skier
17 March – Tuva Moflag, politician.
20 March – Liv Kjersti Bergman, biathlete
23 March – Jostein Hasselgård, singer
April
2 April – Stian Westerhus, guitarist
5 April – Jørgen Tengesdal, footballer
8 April – Rune Stordal, speed skater
9 April – André Jørgensen, handball player
10 April – Kai Risholt, footballer
10 April – Roger Risholt, footballer
12 April – Thomas Dybdahl, musician
12 April – Lars Granaas, footballer
17 April – Hanne Hukkelberg, singer-songwriter
20 April – Stian Barsnes-Simonsen, actor
20 April – Kenneth Kapstad, musician
23 April – Saera Khan, politician.
24 April – Tor Henning Hamre, footballer
25 April – Nils-Torolv Simonsen, rower
25 April – Martin Sjølie, pianist, songwriter and record producer
May
1 May – Lars Berger, biathlete.
2 May – Oddrun Brakstad Orset, ski mountaineer
4 May – Morten Kolseth, footballer
6 May – Jan Erik Mikalsen, composer
7 May – Henrik Bjørnstad, golf player
8 May
Marius Erlandsen, auto racing driver
Alf Wilhelm Lundberg, jazz musician
Ole Johan Singsdal, footballer
Ole Morten Vågan, jazz musician
10 May – Isabel Blanco, handball player.
14 May – Bård Nesteng, archer.
16 May – Hermund Nygård, jazz musician
20 May – Torgeir Micaelsen, politician.
21 May – Svein-Erik Edvartsen, footballer
22 May – Christer-André Cederberg, music producer
23 May – Øyulf Hjertenes, journalist, newspaper editor and media executive.
26 May – Joachim Hansen, mixed martial artist
29 May – Ella Gjømle Berg, cross-country skier.
June
8 June – Jacob Norenberg, sprint canoer.
13 June – Nila Håkedal, beach volleyball player.
21 June – Henning Braaten, skateboarder
23 June – Susanna Wallumrød, singer
25 June – Haddy N'jie, singer, songwriter, writer and journalist
26 June – Mathias Eick, jazz musician
July
3 July – Erik Lund, rugby union footballer
4 July – Lene Westgaard, political scientist
17 July – Lars Rørbakken, strongman
21 July – Ingrid Tørlen, beach volleyball player.
24 July – Heidi Skjerve, jazz musician
26 July – Bodil Ryste, ski mountaineer and cross-country skier
August
3 August – Maria Haukaas Mittet, singer
4 August –
Torgeir Ruud Ramsli, footballer
Mona Solheim, taekwondo practitioner.
Nina Solheim, taekwondo practitioner
8 August – Ellinor Jåma, politician
9 August – Tore Ruud Hofstad, cross-country skier
10 August – Ove Alexander Billington, jazz pianist and composer
11 August – Christer George, footballer
22 August – Henriette Løvar, curler
27 August – Erik Watndal, sport shooter.
31 August – Camilla Huse, footballer
September
3 September – Stian Eckhoff, biathlete.
5 September – Kjersti Beck, handball goalkeeper
5 September – John Carew, footballer
11 September – Kenneth Høie, footballer
13 September – Linda Grubben, biathlete
15 September
Mahmoud Farahmand, politician.
Atle Gulbrandsen, racing driver and television announcer
22 September – Alex Valencia, footballer
23 September – Lisa Loven Kongsli, actress
24 September – Stine Hofgaard Nilsen, alpine skier
October
2 October – Kjetil Strand, handball player
5 October – Lisa Wiik, snowboarder
8 October – Wilhelm Brenna, ski jumper
9 October – Veronika Flåt, actress
10 October – Espen Søgård, footballer
14 October – Marcus Paus, composer
19 October
Ingunn Ringvold, roots singer, musician and songwriter
Magne Sturød, footballer
24 October – Lise Birgitte Fredriksen, sailor
November
1 November – Tommy Knarvik, footballer
2 November – Nina Ellen Ødegård, actress
8 November – Erling Sande, politician
10 November – Ragnvald Soma, footballer
30 November – Ellen Blom, ski mountaineer
December
3 December – Kjersti Annesdatter Skomsvold, writer
6 December – Tommy Wirkola, film director, producer and screenwriter
10 December – Tora Augestad, musician
14 December – Øystein Runde, comics writer and comics artist
18 December
Tone Hatteland Lima, cyclist
Øyvind Storflor, footballer
20 December
Espen Johnsen, footballer
Benedikte Shetelig Kruse, singer and actor
27 December – Hanne Sørvaag, musician
28 December – Daniel Forfang, ski jumper
Full date missing
Dolk (artist), graffiti artist
Morten Morland, cartoonist
Robert Post, singer-songwriter
Einar Selvik, musician
Stein Urheim, jazz musician
Notable deaths
7 January – Thoralf Hagen, rower and Olympic bronze medallist (b.1887)
28 January – Elling Enger, composer, organist, and choir conductor (b.1905)
4 February – Hans Martin Gulbrandsen, canoeist (b.1914)
15 February – Karl Henry Karlsen, politician (b.1893)
7 March – Klaus Egge, composer and music critic (b.1906)
3 April – Dagfinn Zwilgmeyer, psalmist (b. 1900).
6 April – Finn Øen, politician (b.1902)
17 April – Trygve Olsen, politician (b.1921)
26 April – Trygve Stokstad, boxer (b.1902)
7 May – Erik Brofoss, economist, politician and Minister (b.1908)
8 June – Magnar Isaksen, international soccer player and Olympic bronze medallist (b.1910).
5 July – Rolf Holmberg, soccer player and Olympic bronze medallist (b.1914)
10 July – Harald Færstad, gymnast and Olympic silver medallist (b.1889)
15 July – Haakon Sløgedal, politician (b.1901)
28 July – Steffen Ingebriktsen Toppe, politician (b.1902)
6 August – Olav Hordvik, politician (b.1901)
24 August – Bernt Evensen, speed skater, Olympic gold medallist and racing cyclist (b.1905)
22 September – Tore Segelcke, actress (b.1901)
30 September – Johan Johannesen, track and field athlete (b.1898)
16 October – Johan Borgen, author, journalist and critic (b.1902)
16 October – Olav Svalastog, politician (b.1896)
14 December – Otto Monsen, track and field athlete (b.1887)
Full date unknown
Emil Boyson, poet, author, and translator (b.1897)
Anders Frihagen, politician and Minister (b.1892)
Gunnar Emil Garfors, poet (b.1900)
Jørgen Holmboe, meteorologist (b.1902)
Rolf Østbye, businessperson (b.1898)
Rolf Ingvar Semmingsen, civil servant (b.1908)
Nils Thomas, sailor and Olympic silver medallist (b.1889)
See also
References
External links
Norway, 1979 In |
8057165 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Veale | John Veale | John Douglas Louis Veale (15 June 1922 – 16 November 2006) was an English classical composer.
Early career
He was born in Shortlands, Bromley, Kent; his father, the civil servant Douglas Veale, later served as Registrar of the University of Oxford (1930–1958) and received a knighthood. John Veale was educated at Repton and studied modern history at Corpus Christi College, Oxford (his father's old college). Discovering Sibelius and Shostakovich, and receiving encouragement from William Walton, Sir Hugh Allen and Humphrey Searle, he decided to become a composer, taking some lessons from Egon Wellesz.
Veale sketched out his first symphony during the war while serving in the Army's Education Corps. After demobilisation he returned to Corpus Christi for more composition lessons with Wellesz and counterpoint and harmony with Thomas Armstrong. While there he began composing incidental music for Oxford University Dramatic Society productions, in which Kenneth Tynan and Lindsay Anderson were involved. Between 1949 and 1951 he won a scholarship to study in California with Roger Sessions and Roy Harris (the latter's only English pupil). He composed Panorama as an orchestral tribute to San Francisco.
Veale had married Diana Taylor in August 1944. In September 1951 came the death of their four-year-old daughter Jane. The Elegy for flute, harp and strings was written in her memory, and was adopted and recorded by the Boyd Neel Orchestra the following year, with soloists Richard Adeney and Maria Korchinska.
Composer (1950s-60s)
In the first half of the 1950s Veale's music was widely performed. Panorama was premiered by Sir Adrian Boult at the Elgar Festival, Malvern in 1951, and later at the BBC Proms in 1955. The Symphony No. 1 was premiered by Sir John Barbirolli at the Cheltenham Music Festival in 1952. The Clarinet Concerto had its premiere at the Royal Festival Hall in 1954, conducted by Sir Malcolm Sargent. The Metropolis concert overture was also premiered in 1955 by Sir Charles Groves).
From 1954 film scores took up most of his time, The Purple Plain being the first. From that score he derived his choral work Kubla Khan, effectively evoking the atmosphere of the East. Eight film scores followed, ending with Clash by Night in 1963. The following year he composed the Symphony No. 2, his largest purely orchestral work.
Unable to support himself and his family through composition work, Veale joined the Oxford Mail as film correspondent and sometimes music critic between 1966 and 1980, and also worked as copy editor at Oxford University Press (1968–1987). From 1965 until he began work on the Violin Concerto in the early 1980s he stopped composing altogether, and even stopped listening to music.
Later career
After 15 years of silence, Veale returned to composition with the Violin Concerto, which was broadcast by the BBC in 1986 with soloist Erich Gruenberg and the BBC Philharmonic Orchestra, conducted by Edward Downes. There followed (among other scores) the massive choral and orchestral work Apocalypse (which remains unperformed) and the Symphony No. 3, completed in 2003, which received its broadcast premiere in the year of his death. The Chandos recording of the Violin Concerto with soloist Lydia Mordkovitch, issued in 2001, resulted in a further revival of interest in his music.
Veale wrote in a tonal idiom and felt that his early work suffered neglect in the 1960s and 1970s under the avant garde musical regime at the BBC and its Director of Music William Glock. He died in Bromley, (a south-eastern suburb of London) on 16 November 2006 after a struggle with prostate cancer.
Recordings
Paul Dean recorded the Clarinet Concerto with the Queensland Symphony Orchestra in 1999.
The Violin Concerto is available on the Chandos CD label, played by Lydia Mordkovitch with Richard Hickox conducting the BBC Symphony Orchestra.
The Symphony No. 2 has been recorded by the Royal Scottish National Orchestra, conducted by Martin Yates.
There are also some chamber music recordings, including the String Quartet.
Panorama, the Metropolis Overture and the Symphony No. 1 were broadcast on BBC Radio 3 in 2002 by the BBC National Orchestra of Wales, conducted by David Porcelijn to mark the composer's 80th birthday.
The Symphony No. 3 was broadcast by the BBC in 2006 with the BBC Concert Orchestra, conducted by Barry Wordsworth.
Selected works
Concert music
Symphony No. 1 (1945-7, rev. 1951)
Panorama for orchestra (1949)
String Quartet (1950)
Elegy for Flute, Harp and Strings (1951)
Clarinet Concerto (1953)
The Metropolis, concert overture (1954)
Kubla Khan, for chorus, baritone and orchestra (1956)
Symphony No. 2 (1964)
The Song of Radha for soprano and orchestra (1966, rev. 1980)
Violin Concerto (1984)
Demos Variations (1986)
Apocalypse for chorus and orchestra (1987-9)
Triune, for oboe, cor anglais and orchestra (1993)
Encounter for two guitars (1994)
Triptych for recorder and guitar (2000)
Symphony No. 3 (2003)
Film music
The Purple Plain (1954)
Portrait of Alison (1955)
The Spanish Gardener (1956)
High Tide at Noon (1957)
No Road Back (1957)
The House in Marsh Road (1959)
Freedom to Die (1961)
Emergency (1962)
Clash by Night (1963)
A Gift for Sarah (1988)
References
External links
Composer's website
Elegy for flute, harp and strings, Boyd Neel Orchestra
1922 births
2006 deaths
Alumni of Corpus Christi College, Oxford
English classical composers
English_composers
People from Shortlands
People educated at Repton School
20th-century classical composers
Deaths from cancer in England
Oxford University Press people
Musicians from Kent
Pupils of Roger Sessions
English film score composers
English male film score composers
English male classical composers
20th-century English composers
20th-century British male musicians |
30166789 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20trafficking%20in%20Nicaragua | Human trafficking in Nicaragua | Nicaragua is principally a source and transit country for women and children subjected to trafficking in persons, specifically forced prostitution and forced labor. Nicaraguan women and children are trafficked for commercial sexual exploitation within the country as well as in neighboring countries, most often to El Salvador, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, and the United States. Trafficking victims are recruited in rural areas for work in urban centers, particularly Managua, and subsequently coerced into prostitution. Adults and children are subjected to conditions of forced labor in agriculture (especially in the production of coffee and bananas), the fishing industry (collecting shellfish), and for involuntary domestic servitude within the country and in Costa Rica. There are reports of some Nicaraguans forced to engage in drug trafficking. To a lesser extent, Nicaragua is a destination country for women and children recruited from neighboring countries for forced prostitution. Managua, Granada, Estelí, and San Juan del Sur are destinations for foreign child sex tourists from the United States, Canada, and Western Europe, and some travel agencies are reportedly complicit in promoting child sex tourism. Nicaragua is a transit country for migrants from Africa and East Asia en route to the United States; some may fall victim to human trafficking.
The Government of Nicaragua does not fully comply with the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking; however, it is making significant efforts to do so. Last year the government convicted two trafficking offenders and sentenced them to 12 years’ imprisonment. Despite such efforts, the government showed little overall evidence of progress in combating human trafficking, particularly in terms of providing adequate assistance and protection to victims, confronting trafficking-related complicity by government officials, and increasing public awareness about human trafficking; therefore, Nicaragua remains on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year.
U.S. State Department's Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons placed the country in "Tier 2 Watchlist" in 2017.
Prosecution
The Government of Nicaragua sustained modest efforts to combat human trafficking through law enforcement activities during the reporting period. Nicaragua criminalizes all forms of human trafficking. Article 182 of the Penal Code prohibits trafficking in persons for the purposes of slavery, sexual exploitation, and adoption, prescribing penalties of 7 to 10 years’ imprisonment. A separate statute, Article 315, prohibits the submission, maintenance, or forced recruitment of another person into slavery, forced labor, servitude, or participation in an armed conflict; this offense carries penalties of five to eight years imprisonment. These prescribed punishments are sufficiently stringent and commensurate with penalties prescribed for other serious crimes, such as rape.
During the reporting period, the government investigated nine trafficking cases and initiated three prosecutions, compared with 13 investigations and 10 prosecutions initiated in 2008. The government convicted two trafficking offenders, each of whom received a sentence of 12 years’ imprisonment, which represents an increase in convictions from the previous year when no trafficking offenders were convicted. Nicaraguan authorities collaborated with the governments of neighboring countries to jointly investigate two trafficking cases over last year. Despite credible reports from non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and the local media regarding local officials’ complicity in or tolerance of human trafficking, particularly in border regions, the government did not investigate or prosecute any officials for suspected involvement in trafficking offenses. During the year, international organizations and NGOs reported a decrease in law enforcement efforts to combat trafficking, and authorities often did not take action or investigate cases, even when given specific details regarding the whereabouts of suspected traffickers.
Protection
The Nicaraguan government made inadequate efforts to protect trafficking victims during the last year, and NGOs and international organizations continued to be the principal providers of services to victims. The government provided basic shelter and services to some child trafficking victims, but such assistance was not readily accessible in all parts of the country, and the government reportedly decreased its already limited assistance to these shelters over the past year. There were no government-operated shelters for trafficking victims, though NGOs operated shelters for sex trafficking victims. Adult trafficking victims were largely unable to access any government-sponsored victim services, although the government provided limited legal, medical and psychological services to some victims.
During the reporting period, eight Nicaraguan trafficking victims were repatriated from El Salvador and Guatemala; most victims receiving services were reported to be Nicaraguans who had been trafficked abroad. The government encouraged victims to participate in trafficking investigations and prosecutions, though most were reluctant to do so due to social stigma and fear of retribution from traffickers, as the government offers no witness protection for victims who serve as prosecution witnesses. While the rights of trafficking victims are generally upheld, some victims may not have been identified as victims of human trafficking by authorities. The government provided a temporary legal alternative to the removal of foreign victims to countries where they may face hardship or retribution. NGOs provided limited training on human trafficking to some law enforcement and immigration officials. The Bureau of International Labor Affairs reported in its 2019 report that Nicaragua is making minimal progress against the forms of child labor that are also affected by sexual exploitation and human trafficking. For example, there is no specific school age in Nicaragua and the policy to abolish and protect child labor has not yet been fully implemented.
Prevention
The Nicaraguan government's efforts to prevent trafficking remained inadequate. The government conducted no anti-trafficking outreach or education campaigns in 2009, although NGOs and international organizations conducted public awareness campaigns with limited government collaboration. The government converted a hotline formerly dedicated to human trafficking into a hotline for reporting on the general welfare of children. The government's interagency anti-trafficking committee was responsible for coordinating anti-trafficking efforts, but conducted few activities, and NGOs questioned the committee's capability and commitment to combat trafficking.
Government partnership with NGOs on anti-trafficking activities is reported to be better at the local level. Authorities partnered with an NGO in northern Nicaraguan to raise awareness about the commercial sexual exploitation of children; however, the government made limited efforts to combat child sex tourism. The government undertook no other initiatives to reduce demand for commercial sexual acts, such as conducting national awareness raising campaigns on child prostitution, and it did not report any efforts to reduce demand for forced labor.
In 2015, the Nicaraguan government drafted the first law criminalizing human trafficking. After the socio-political crisis of 2019, National Coalition against Migrant Smuggling and Trafficking in Persons (CONATT) recorded a doubling of victims compared to 2018.
In 2020, Nicaragua was blacklisted by the United States in its annual report. This was justified on the grounds that the COVID-19 pandemic would lead to an increase in trafficking.
References
Nicaragua
Nicaragua
Human rights abuses in Nicaragua
Crime in Nicaragua by type |
1566209 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adolf%20Mayer | Adolf Mayer | Adolf Eduard Mayer (9 August 184325 December 1942) was a German agricultural biologist whose work on tobacco mosaic disease played an important role in the discovery of tobacco mosaic virus and viruses in general.
Mayer was born in 1843 into the family of a high school teacher in Oldenburg. His mother was a daughter of renowned German chemist Leopold Gmelin. From 1860 to 1862 he studied biology, geology and chemistry at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology. In 1862 he enrolled at the University of Heidelberg, where in 1864 he graduated summa cum laude with a Ph.D. in biology.
In 1879, while Mayer held the position of the director of the Agricultural Experiment Station at Wageningen in the Netherlands, he was asked by Dutch farmers to study a peculiar disease affecting the tobacco plant. Mayer published a paper in 1886 on the disease, which he named "mosaic disease of tobacco", and described its symptoms in detail. He demonstrated that the disease can be transmitted by using the sap from the affected tobacco plants as the inoculum to infect healthy plants. At the time, this disease was thought to be spread by very small bacteria or toxins, yet some years later the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) was shown to be the culprit. Mayer employed optical microscopy to seek signs of fungi or bacteria in the infected sap, yet he did not find any, since the TMV is too small to be detected in an optical microscope. Mayer still concluded that the infectious agent was some sort of bacteria and erroneously claimed that he was able to obtain "clear filtrate" from the infected sap using filter paper in several repetitions. Filtration experiments with paper and finest porcelain Chamberland filters were replicated by Dmitry Ivanovsky in 1892 and Martinus Beijerinck in 1898, who showed that the infectious agent of the tobacco mosaic disease was in fact infilterable. Martinus Beijerinck coined the term of "virus" to indicate a non-bacterial nature of the tobacco mosaic disease. In 1935, the tobacco mosaic virus was the first virus to be crystallized. Despite the erroneous conclusion, Mayer's pioneer work on the tobacco mosaic disease served as an important step in the discovery of viruses and led to the foundation of the field of virology.
References
1843 births
1942 deaths
German agronomists
German biochemists
German virologists
Karlsruhe Institute of Technology alumni
Heidelberg University alumni
Academic staff of Wageningen University and Research |
67994485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed%20Abdelrahman%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201993%29 | Mohamed Abdelrahman (footballer, born 1993) | Mohamed Abdelrahman Yousif Yagoub (; born 10 July 1993), also known as Al Gharbal (), is a Sudanese professional footballer who plays as a forward for Sudan Premier League club Al-Hilal Club and the Sudan national team.
Club career
On 21 November 2018, Abdelrahman scored after 22 seconds for Al-Merrikh against Algerian side USM Alger, becoming the fastest goalscorer of the Arab Club Champions Cup.
In November 2020, Abdelrahman made history by signing from Algerian side CA Bordj Bou Arréridj to Sudanese side Al-Hilal Omdurman for a Sudanese-record $USD 1 million.
International career
Abdelrahman was included in Sudan's squad for the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations.
Career statistics
International
Scores and results list Sudan's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Abdelrahman goal.
References
External links
1993 births
Living people
People from Omdurman
Sudanese men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Al-Hilal Club (Omdurman) players
Al-Merrikh SC players
CA Bordj Bou Arréridj players
Sudan Premier League players
Algerian Ligue Professionnelle 1 players
Sudan men's international footballers
2021 Africa Cup of Nations players
Sudanese expatriate men's footballers
Sudanese expatriate sportspeople in Algeria
Expatriate men's footballers in Algeria
Sudan men's A' international footballers
2022 African Nations Championship players |
5487 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign%20relations%20of%20the%20Central%20African%20Republic | Foreign relations of the Central African Republic | President François Bozizé has said that one of his priorities is to get the support of the international community. This has indeed been visible in his relations to donor countries and international organisations. At the same time it is difficult to have an open policy towards neighbouring countries when they are used as safe haven by rebels regularly attacking Central African Republic (C.A.R.), or when one allied country is in war with another (as is Chad–Sudan).
The Central African Armed Forces cannot–even with the support of France and the Multinational Force of the Economic and Monetary Community of Central Africa (FOMUC)–exert control over its own borders. Hence, armed groups are regularly entering the country from Chad and Sudan. The President said in an interview that he has a good relation with neighbours and fellow CEMAC countries, "put aside the incident with Sudan when the border had to be closed since militia entered C.A.R. territory".
Participation in international organisations
The Central African Republic is an active member in several Central African organizations, including the Economic and Monetary Union (CEMAC), the Economic Community of Central African States (CEEAC), the Central African Peace and Security Council (COPAX- still under formation), and the Central Bank of Central African States (BEAC). Standardization of tax, customs, and security arrangements between the Central African states is a major foreign policy objective of the C.A.R. Government. The C.A.R. is a participant in the Community of Sahel–Saharan States (CEN-SAD), and the African Union (AU).
Other multilateral organizations—including the World Bank, International Monetary Fund, United Nations agencies, European Union, and the African Development Bank—and bilateral donors—including the Republic of Korea, Germany, Japan, the European Union, and the United States—are significant development partners for the C.A.R.
Bilateral relations
Nineteen countries have resident diplomatic representatives in Bangui, and the C.A.R. maintains approximately the same number of missions abroad. Since early 1989 the government recognizes both Israel and the State of Palestine. The C.A.R. also maintains diplomatic relations with the People's Republic of China. The C.A.R. generally joins other African and developing country states in consensus positions on major policy issues. The most important countries the C.A.R. maintains bilateral relations include the following.
Non-bilateral relations
Central African Republic–China relations
Central African Republic–India relations
See also
List of diplomatic missions in the Central African Republic
List of diplomatic missions of the Central African Republic
Notes
References
Government of the Central African Republic
Politics of the Central African Republic |
8084673 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Higgs%20%28environmental%20scholar%29 | Eric Higgs (environmental scholar) | Eric Stowe Higgs (born February 7, 1958) is professor in the School of Environmental Studies at the University of Victoria. Trained in ecology, philosophy, and environmental planning, his work concerns ecological restoration, historical ecology, intervention ecology, and the changing character of life in technological society. He also works with the Mountain Legacy Project as the Principal Instigator.
Early life and training
Eric Higgs was born in Brantford, Ontario, to David P.J. Higgs and Barbara Isabel Stowe. His pre-school years were in North Delta, British Columbia (near Vancouver). He attended public school in Thornhill, Ontario (near Toronto), and secondary school (Brantford Collegiate and Pauline Johnston Secondary School) in Brantford. In 1976 he turned away from what had been a strong early passion for physics and engineering, and attend the Integrated Studies Program at the University of Waterloo. The Integrated Studies Program was student-driven and required self-motivation to complete an open curriculum in a subjects of the student's choosing. He completed an undergraduate thesis, "A theory for the interaction of ecology and the social order," that blended history of ecology with social philosophy and environmental ethics. Immediately upon graduation with a Bachelor of Independent Studies (B.I.S.) in 1979, he took up an internship at the Hastings Centre (Institute for the Study of Ethics, Society and the Life Sciences) in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York, where he undertook a project on environmental and ecological ethics. He completed a master's degree in philosophy of science at the University of Western Ontario (1980–81), and at the same time undertook ecological consulting work in Southern Ontario. He returned to the University of Waterloo to a new interdisciplinary doctoral program, in which he combined studies in the Department of Philosophy and the School of Urban and Regional Planning. Working with co-supervisors, Lawrence Haworth, a social and moral philosopher, and Robert Dorney, an ecologist and environmental planner, Higgs completed his dissertation, "Planning, Technology and Community Autonomy," in 1988.
Career
His first appointment was in the Department of Environment and Resource Studies at the University Waterloo (1987–88). He moved to New York City in 1988 to continue research in philosophy of technology in the Philosophy and Technology Studies Center at the Polytechnic University of New York. Higgs' taught at Oberlin College as a visiting assistant professor in the Environmental Studies Program in 1989-90, before taking a tenure-stream position in the new Science, Technology and Society Program at the University of Alberta. The demise of this program led to a formal appointment initially in the Department of Philosophy (1990–92), and later a joint appointment in the Departments of Anthropology and Sociology. He was awarded tenure and promoted to associate professor in 1995.
In 2002, he became director (2002-2010) and associate professor in the School of Environmental Studies at the University of Victoria, and promoted to full professor in 2005.
Higgs has held shorter appointments in Science, Technology and Society (1995), the Maurice Young Centre for Applied Ethics at the University of British Columbia (1996), the School of Environmental Studies at the University of Victoria (2000). He was a professor-at-large in the Institute for Advanced Studies at the University of Western Australia (2012-2014).
In addition to work as a professor, he is the Principal Instigator for the Mountain Legacy Project, a field based group studying long term landscape change in the Canadian mountains using repeat photography techniques.
Professional activities
Eric Higgs was chair of the Society for Ecological Restoration International (now Society for Ecological Restoration ser.org). He served previously as secretary to the board from 1995-2001.
Writings
In 2000 he co-edited (with Andrew Light and David Strong) a volume of essays discussing the work of Albert Borgmann which was described by Paul Durbin as one of the first volumes that explicitly strives to establish the philosophy of technology as an academic subdiscipline with canonical texts .
Higgs' major conceptual contribution to understanding ecological restoration is his 2003 book, Nature By Design: People, Natural Process, and Ecological Restoration (MIT Press).
Books
Higgs, Eric, Andrew Light and David Strong, Technology and the Good Life? University of Chicago Press, 2000. . A collection of essays discussing the work of Albert Borgmann.
Higgs, Eric. Nature by Design: People, Natural Process, and Ecological Restoration. MIT Press, 2003.
Ian MacLaren, with Eric Higgs and Gabrielle Zezulka-Maillous. Mapper of Mountains: M.P Bridgland in the Canadian Rockies, 1902-1930. University of Alberta Press, 2005.
Eric Higgs (forward), Dean Apostol, and Marcia Sinclair, Restoring the Pacific Northwest: The Art and Science of Ecological Restoration in Cascadia by (Island Press - Jun 2006)
Richard Hobbs, Eric Higgs and Carol Hall (eds.). Novel Ecosystems: Intervening in the New Ecological World Order. Wiley, 2013.
References
External links
Eric Higgs homepage
Brief biography
Revealing Pictures and Reflexive Frames 2004
Borgmann, Technology and the Good Life? and the Empirical Turn for Philosophy of Technology by Hans Achterhuis
Review of Technology and the Good Life by Brian Richardson
Canadian ecologists
Philosophers of technology
1958 births
Living people
Writers from Brantford
University of Waterloo alumni
University of Western Ontario alumni
Academic staff of the University of Victoria |
111579 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alton%2C%20Illinois | Alton, Illinois | Alton ( ) is a city on the Mississippi River in Madison County, Illinois, United States, about north of St. Louis, Missouri. The population was 25,676 at the 2020 census. It is a part of the River Bend area in the Metro-East region of the Greater St. Louis metropolitan area. It is famous for its limestone bluffs along the river north of the city, as the former location of the state penitentiary, and for its role preceding and during the American Civil War. It was the site of the last Abraham Lincoln and Stephen Douglas debate in October 1858. The former state penitentiary in Alton was used during the Civil War to hold up to 12,000 Confederate prisoners of war.
History
Although Alton once was growing faster than the nearby city of St. Louis, a coalition of St. Louis businessmen planned to build a competing town to stop Alton's expansion and bring business to St. Louis. The resulting town was Grafton, Illinois.
Many blocks of housing in Alton were built in the Victorian Queen Anne style. They represent a prosperous period in the river city's history. At the top of the hill in the commercial area, several stone churches and a fine city hall also represent the city's wealth during its good times based on river traffic, manufacturing and shipping. It was a commercial center for a large agricultural area. Numerous residences on hills have sweeping views of the Mississippi River.
Early history
The Alton area was home to Native Americans for thousands of years before the 19th-century founding by European Americans of the modern city. Historic accounts indicate occupation of this area by the Illiniwek or Illinois Confederacy at the time of European contact. Earlier native settlement is demonstrated by archaeological artifacts and the famous prehistoric Piasa bird painted on a cliff face nearby. The image was described in 1673 by French missionary priest Father Jacques Marquette.
19th century
Alton was developed as a river town in January 1818 by Rufus Easton, who named it after his son. Easton ran a passenger ferry service across the Mississippi River to the Missouri shore. Alton is located amid the confluence of three navigable rivers: the Illinois, the Mississippi, and the Missouri. Alton grew into a river trading town with an industrial character. The city rises steeply from the waterfront, where massive concrete grain silos and railroad tracks were constructed in the 19th and 20th centuries to store and ship the area's grains and produce. Brick commercial buildings are spread throughout downtown. Once the site of several brick factories, Alton has an unusually high number of streets still paved in brick. The lower levels of Alton are subject to floods, many of which have inundated the historic downtown area. The dates of different flood levels are marked on the large grain silos, part of the Ardent Mills, near the Argosy Casino at the waterfront. The flood of 1993 is considered the worst of the last century.
Alton became an important town for abolitionists, as Illinois was a free state, separated from the slave state of Missouri only by the Mississippi River. Pro-slavery activists also lived there and slave catchers often raided the city. Escaped slaves would cross the river to seek shelter in Alton, and proceed to safer places through stations of the Underground Railroad. During the years before the American Civil War, several homes were equipped with tunnels and hiding places for stations on the Underground Railroad to aid slaves escaping to the North. On November 7, 1837, the abolitionist printer Reverend Elijah P. Lovejoy was murdered by a pro-slavery mob while he tried to protect his Alton-based press from being destroyed for the third time. He had moved from St. Louis because of opposition there. He had printed many abolitionist tracts and distributed them throughout the area. When one of the mob made a move to set the old warehouse on fire, Lovejoy, armed with only a pistol, went outside to try to stop him. The pro-slavery man shot him dead (with a shotgun, five rounds through the midsection). The mob stormed the warehouse and threw Lovejoy's printing press into the Mississippi. Lovejoy thus became the first martyr of the abolition movement.
Alton became the seat of a diocese of the Catholic Church in 1857. Its first bishop was French-born Henry Damian Juncker. The new diocese had 58 churches, 18 priests and 50,000 Catholics. When he died, 11 years later, the churches were 125, the priests more than 100, and the Catholics 80,000. He was succeeded by Peter Joseph Baltes from Germany (1869–1886) and James Ryan (1888–1923). In 1923 the bishop's seat was moved to Springfield, Illinois. The Diocese of Alton, no longer a residential bishopric, is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see. Titular bishops appointed to the see have been John Clayton Nienstedt and Josu Iriondo.
On October 15, 1858, Alton was the site of the seventh Lincoln-Douglas debate. A memorial at the site in downtown Alton features oversized statues of Lincoln and Douglas, as they would have appeared during the debate. Congressional representatives came to Alton when they drafted the Thirteenth Amendment of the Constitution, to permanently end slavery throughout the Union. Alton resident and US Senator Lyman Trumbull, chairman of the Senate Judiciary Committee, co-wrote the Thirteenth Amendment. His Alton home, the Lyman Trumbull House, is a National Historic Monument.
Just two weeks into the American Civil War, Alton played a role in the infamous Camp Jackson Affair, which led to the eviction of Missouri Governor Claiborne Fox Jackson from office. The State of Missouri's neutrality was tested in a conflict over the St. Louis Arsenal. The Federal Government reinforced the Arsenal's tiny garrison with several detachments, including a force from the 2nd Infantry under Captain Nathaniel Lyon. Concerned by widespread reports that Governor Jackson intended to use the Missouri Volunteer Militia to attack the Arsenal and capture its 39,000 small arms, Secretary of War Simon Cameron ordered Lyon (by that time in acting command) to evacuate the majority of the arms to Illinois. 21,000 guns were secretly evacuated to Alton, IL on the evening of April 29, 1861.
The first penitentiary in Illinois was built in Alton. While only a corner of it within a few blocks of the river remains, it once extended nearly to "Church Hill". During the American Civil War, Union forces used it to hold prisoners of war, and some 12,000 Confederates were held there. During the smallpox epidemic of 1863–1864, an estimated 1500–2200 men died. A Confederate mass grave on the north side of Alton holds many of the dead from the epidemic and a memorial marks the site. Often when Confederate prisoners escaped, they tried to cross the Mississippi River back to the slave state of Missouri.
20th century
Alton native Robert Pershing Wadlow, listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the world's tallest man at 8 feet 11.1 inches tall, 2.72 m, is buried in Oakwood Cemetery in the area known as Upper Alton. The earth over his grave was raised so visitors can compare its length to other graves. A memorial to him, including a life-sized statue and a replica of his chair, stands on College Avenue, across from the Southern Illinois University Dental School.
The Sisters of St Francis of the Martyr St George have their American province motherhouse in Alton.
In 1937 two commercial fishermen from Alton caught a bull shark in the Mississippi River. Late that summer they had realized something was troubling their wood and mesh traps. Concluding that it was a fish, they built a strong wire trap and baited it with chicken guts. The next morning, they caught the 5-foot 84-pound shark, which they displayed in the Calhoun Fish Market, where it attracted crowds for days.
World War II saw a group of seven brothers join the military and variously became decorated veterans. Among these were Millard Glen Gray, who was decorated by Douglas MacArthur, and Neil Gray, who received the Silver Star.
In 1954, the city of Alton was named as one of three finalists for the location of the new United States Air Force Academy. Alton lost to the winning site of Colorado Springs, Colorado.
Because of Alton's location at the Mississippi River, the Great Flood of 1993 with its high water levels caused severe damage to the city. Alton's water supply was cut off due to flooding, and townspeople had to be supplied with bottled water for more than three weeks. Many local businesses, including Anheuser-Busch of St. Louis, donated funds to help the people of Alton.
The original bridge connecting Alton with West Alton, Missouri, was a two-lane (one in each direction) bridge that had become a hazard for motorists and a hindrance for emergency vehicles. The northernmost bridge in the St. Louis metropolitan area, it was torn down in the 1990s. The current Clark Bridge, with two lanes of divided traffic in each direction, plus two bike lanes, opened in 1994. Work had proceeded during the Great Flood of 1993. The award-winning cable-stayed design was done by Hanson Engineers of Springfield, Illinois. Pieces of cables identical to those of the bridge were handed out in educational settings all over the city to allow the city's children to "take home a piece of the bridge". The complex work of construction of the bridge, in which engineers had to deal with the strong river current, barge traffic and the 1993 flood, was featured in the documentary Super Bridge on Nova.
21st century
In 2021, voters in the city elected David Goins as Alton's first black mayor.
Geography
Alton is located on the Mississippi River above the mouth of the Missouri River. Most of Alton is located on bluffs overlooking the river valley. The Meeting of the Great Rivers National Scenic Byway runs along the Alton riverfront. A monument and observatory tower, Confluence Tower, located next to the confluence of the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers in neighboring Hartford, IL, has been constructed to provide an overview of the Great Rivers area. This point also marks the beginning of the famous Lewis and Clark Expedition. Also on the river at Alton is Lock and Dam 26, the newest and busiest lock and dam complex on the main channel of the Mississippi River. Adjacent to it on the Illinois side is the , which features tours of the dam itself several times per day. On the Missouri side is the Audubon Center at Riverlands, which is one of the best places in the world to view birds, as it lies near where the Mississippi Flyway merges the flight paths of the Mississippi, Illinois and Missouri rivers. Also adjacent to the Audubon Center is the Jones-Confluence Point State Park, where one can stand at the confluence of the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers.
According to the 2010 census, Alton has a total area of , of which (or 92.44%) is land and (or 7.56%) is water.
The National Great Rivers Museum is located at the new Lock and Dam No. 26, or Melvin Price Locks and Dam. The lock and dam are open for tours. The lock is a favorite spot to watch bald eagles, which feed on fish coming up in waters below the dam. A large bird sanctuary is located in an area of floodplain and wetlands on the west side of the river.
The River Road goes right next to the river north to Grafton. Above that, it is often routed inland of the floodplain. It provides views of the dramatic contrast between the high cliffs of the Illinois side to the broad, flat, green agricultural countryside of Portage des Sioux, Missouri. The Great River Road is a popular bicycle touring route. Hidden in a notch of the cliff is the tiny village of Elsah, once a down-and-dirty, liquor-soaked tugboaters' retreat, now with renovated properties and antique shops in historic houses.
Climate
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 30,496 people, 12,518 households, and 7,648 families residing in the city. The population density was . There were 13,894 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the city was 72.3% White, 24.7% African American, 0.18% Native American, 0.4% Asian, <0.1% Pacific Islander, 0.7% from other races, and 1.7% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino people of any race were 1.5% of the population.
There were 12,518 households, out of which 29.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 39.3% were married couples living together, 17.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 38.9% were non-families. 33.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 13.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.36 and the average family size was 3.02.
In the city, the population was spread out, with 25.8% under the age of 18, 9.1% from 18 to 24, 29.1% from 25 to 44, 20.0% from 45 to 64, and 16.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females, there were 88.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 83.1 males.
The median income for a household in the city was $31,213, and the median income for a family was $37,910. Males had a median income of $33,083 versus $22,485 for females. The per capita income for the city was $16,817. About 14.7% of families and 18.7% of the population were below the poverty line, including 26.8% of those under age 18 and 13.2% of those age 65 or over.
Economy
In the late 19th and 20th centuries, Alton became a town of heavy industry and manufacturing. Laclede Steel established major steel manufacturing operations in the town. Local industry also includes Cope Plastics and Hanley Industries. Alton was home to once-thriving, now defunct, industries such as the Owens-Illinois Glass Bottle Works and Alton Box Board Company (a maker of all types of cardboard boxes for all types of uses).
Restructuring in the industry in the mid-20th century led Alton to create a new future. It has facilities for corporate and vacation retreats and it has transitioned into a popular tourist destination. Alton's location and historical heritage make it a popular destination for antique shopping, touring historic areas, and gambling aboard the Argosy Casino. Other Greater Alton attractions include Alton Marina; nine golf courses, including Spencer T. Olin, the only Arnold Palmer-designed and -managed course in Illinois or the St. Louis Metropolitan area; fine dining and night life; and a large selection of bed-and-breakfasts and guest houses.
Some visitors come to explore the natural environment of the area. A designated bikeway extends for miles north of town along the Mississippi River and below the limestone bluffs; its relatively flat grade and passage through tree-shaded areas makes it an easy ride for families. During the migration seasons, Alton is a destination for birdwatchers along the Mississippi Flyway; winter visitors come to see the bald eagles that roost on the Illinois limestone bluffs and feed on fish in the river. It is the area of the Meeting of the Great Rivers National Scenic Byway. A few miles to the north is Père Marquette State Park, with a WPA-era lodge and attractions including trails for hikers and riders, and horses for hire.
On January 28, 2010, Illinois was selected for a $1.2 billion federal award to bring high-speed passenger rail service to Illinois by 2015–2017. Alton has been selected as a station stop on a line running from St. Louis to Chicago, and opened on September 13, 2017.
Alton won the Small Business Revolution: Main Street contest and got a $100,000 boost to its community.
Arts and culture
Arts
Alton is home to the Jacoby Arts Center (JAC) (formerly the Madison County Arts Council), a not-for-profit organization that supports local arts and art education and is partially funded by the Illinois Arts Council. It is located on Broadway between Henry and Ridge Streets in the building that housed the Jacoby Furniture Store for nearly 100 years. The JAC is a regional arts center, serving 17 counties throughout south central Illinois, providing a public art gallery, art classes in a variety of media for adults and children, strong performing arts programming including a monthly live music performance, and an outlet to the literary arts, through such programs as the "Poetry Out Loud" high school-level competition and support of the Alton Writers Guild.
Alton is also home to the Alton Symphony Orchestra (ASO). In 2011, the ASO is in its 66th season, and is considered one of the premier community orchestras in the Midwest. Musicians range from young adults in their teens to senior citizens. It holds four regular season concerts, a stylish pops concert, and a children's concert; the symphony offers performances to entertain and educate diverse sectors of the community.
Theater
Founded in 1934 as a community theater, the Alton Little Theater continues to produce a full season of dramatic and comedic plays and musicals. Its all-volunteer members bring quality theater productions to Alton in an intimate setting. The Alton high schools all offer theatrical productions throughout the school year as well.
Alton Children's Theater, founded in 1958 by Solveig Sullivan, has provided live theater for children through the years. The plays are now held at Lewis and Clark Community College's Hatheway Hall. For many years, the company has performed for up to 10,000 children annually. This all-volunteer membership hires a professional director, who works with the members for the annual week of performances.
Landmarks
The Piasa Bird painting, reproduction of original on the face of a cliff north-west of the city.
Elijah P. Lovejoy Monument, a 110-foot tall memorial to the famous abolitionist and free speech advocate who was murdered by a pro-slavery mob. The monument is in Alton Cemetery on the bluffs.
A monument to 1354 Confederate soldiers who died in the Alton prison, at the North Alton Confederate Cemetery.
The Franklin House, later known as the Lincoln Hotel, and now the Lincoln Lofts. Lincoln dined here and may have stayed overnight when in Alton for his seventh debate with Stephen Douglas on October 15, 1858. Statues of Lincoln and Douglas mark Lincoln Douglas Square, at the corner of Landmarks and Broadway. This was the site of their last debate before the 1858 Illinois Senatorial Election.
The Beall Mansion, designed by notable architect Lucas Pfeiffenberger and built in 1902 and 1903. It has been the private residence of Edmond Beall, four-time mayor of Alton and state senator.
St. Peter and Paul Roman Catholic Church; more than 150 years old, it served as the Cathedral of the Diocese of Alton under three bishops (1857 to 1923). In 1923 the cathedral seat of the diocese was moved from Alton to Springfield.
First Unitarian Church located at 110 E. Third Street, was built upon the foundation of St. Matthew's Catholic Church which had previously burned in the 1850s, is one of Alton's most popular ghost hunting sites in the city. The church is supposedly haunted by former pastor Philip Mercer who committed suicide on November 20, 1934, within the church. It was also a popular stop on the Underground Railroad during the Civil War.
The Mineral Springs Hotel, located at 301 East Broadway, was opened in 1914 due to the natural spring located on the property. During its heyday, in 1918, Hollywood actress Marie Dressler spoke at the hotel on behalf of the Liberty Loan committee. The hotel closed in 1971 and became an outlet mall in 1978 and has been in operation ever since. It is also considered to be one of the most haunted places in the city, drawing ghosts hunters from all around the U.S. The current owner is Dan Hornsey, who also owns Dan's Upholstery on Broadway.
A statue of Robert Pershing Wadlow, the tallest fully documented man in the recorded history of the world.
The cable-stayed Clark Bridge (1994).
Meeting of the Rivers National Scenic Byway, runs through the city adjacent to its Riverfront Park.
Argosy Casino Alton, owned by Penn National Gaming.
National Great Rivers Museum includes daily tours of Melvin Price Locks and Dam, the newest and busiest lock and dam complex on the main channel of the Mississippi River.
Audubon Center at Riverlands on the south side of the Melvin Price Locks and Dam, includes a small museum and is a well-known spot for birding enthusiasts.
Alton Riverfront Amphitheater in Alton's Riverfront Park, has views of the Mississippi River, Clark Bridge and Alton Marina.
Education
Based on 2006 district data, Alton Community Unit School District 11 enrollment stands at 6,480; the average number of teaching years in the district is 13.5; the high school graduation rate is 97.7%; the elementary pupil-teacher ratio is 18.9; and the secondary pupil-teacher ratio is 22.3. The Alton High School has an award-winning math team and music program. Alton High School offers an honors program.
Alton High School is the new public school, complete with a three-court gymnasium and six tennis courts.
The Alton Middle School is housed in the old Alton High School complex. Alton Middle School serves grades 6–8. The school is made up of three buildings: the main building, annex, and Olin Building. The Main building is the oldest. It is of architectural interest for its Romanesque design. Alton Middle School is the largest middle school in Illinois, with approximately 1,500 students.
The school system has a student program for 1st through 8th grades, covering the Middle School. This program gives participating students access to wider knowledge as well as special projects.
Marquette Catholic High School, named after the French explorer, Father Jacques Marquette, serves the area as well. Its sports teams are called the Explorers.
Alton was home to Shurtleff College from 1827 to 1957 and prominent military prep school Western Military Academy from 1879 to 1971. The Shurtleff campus is now the site of the Southern Illinois University School of Dental Medicine.
Media
Alton has one daily newspaper, The Telegraph, formerly the Alton Evening Telegraph. The Telegraph provides coverage of local news, as well as sports and relevant national news.
Locally owned Big Z Media operates Radio Station WBGZ 1570AM and 107.1FM and Music Radio Station 94.3FM. In 2022, Big Z Media acquired AdVantage News, a free online (daily) and print newspaper, focusing on community features and hyperlocal news.
Alton also has internet-based resource, Riverbender.com Named for the local bend in the Mississippi River, Riverbender is a portal serving local and national news, sports, obits, classifieds, and events. In 2007 it was the first company to broadcast the Alton High Schools' sports games live online.
Film and television
The 1979 feature film Dreamer, starring Tim Matheson, Susan Blakely and Jack Warden, was primarily shot on location in Alton. The McPike Mansion and Mineral Springs Hotel were featured on the Travel Channel series, Ghost Adventures. Alton was featured on the third season of the Hulu series Small Business Revolution.
Notable people
Jesse Anderson, murderer who stabbed his wife to death in 1992; murdered in prison alongside serial killer Jeffrey Dahmer by Christopher Scarver in 1994
David J. Apple, pioneer in ophthalmological research and ophthalmic pathology; medical historian and biographer; born in Alton
Frank Ballard, puppeteer, professor at the University of Connecticut, and founder of the first puppetry bachelor of fine arts program in the United States
Amos E. Benbow, Illinois state legislator
Alexander Botkin, Wisconsin state senator
George T. Brown, newspaper editor, mayor of Alton 1846–47, U.S. Senate sergeant-of-arms 1861–69
Joseph Brown, miller, steamboat captain, mayor of Alton 1856–57, mayor of St. Louis 1871–75
Samuel A. Buckmaster, prison warden, and state legislator
Jonathan Russell Bullock, Rhode Island state legislator and US federal judge; served on the Alton city council
Dick Burwell, pitcher for the Chicago Cubs
John W. Coppinger, lawyer, Illinois state legislator, mayor of Alton
Anthony W. Daly, Illinois state representative, judge, and lawyer
Levi Davis, Illinois State Auditor and lawyer
Miles Davis, jazz musician
Steve Davis, Illinois state legislator
AnnMaria De Mars, technology executive, author and judoka
Ezekiel Elliott, NFL running back
Herbert G. Giberson, Illinois state senator and businessman
David Goins, first African-American mayor of Alton
Lloyd Nelson Hand, Chief of Protocol of the United States (1965–66) and assistant to U.S. Senate Majority Leader Lyndon B. Johnson (1957–61)
Craig Hentrich, NFL football player
Charles A. Herb, merchant, mayor of Alton, Illinois State Senator
Michael Ann Holly, art historian and mother of actress Lauren Holly
Mary Beth Hughes, actress
Donald Juel, Lutheran educator and scholar
Don Lenhardt, outfielder, first baseman, third baseman, scout and coach with several MLB teams
Lawrence Leritz, Broadway, Film, TV, Dance and Recording
Stephen Harriman Long, U.S. army explorer, topographical engineer, and railway engineer, retired and died in Alton
Elijah Lovejoy, abolitionist
Bill Lyons, infielder for the St. Louis Cardinals
Trevor Mann, a.k.a. Ricochet, professional wrestler in the WWE
Barrelhouse Buck McFarland, blues and boogie-woogie pianist and singer
Jumbo McGinnis, pitcher for the St. Louis Brown Stockings
Salim Nourallah, musician and producer
Edward O'Hare, Medal of Honor recipient; O'Hare Airport in Chicago is named in his honor; graduate of Western Military Academy in Alton
John M. Olin, inventor, industrialist, philanthropist
William S. Paley, founder and chairman of the board of directors of CBS Corp.; graduate of Western Military Academy in Alton
James Earl Ray, committed the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
Arch Reilly, infielder for the Pittsburgh Pirates
Red Rhodes, musician and steel guitarist
Christina Romer, 25th Chair of the Council of Economic Advisors
Rosey Rowswell, baseball broadcaster for Pittsburgh Pirates
Andrew Schlafly, son of Phyllis Schlafly, attorney, homeschool teacher, Christian conservative activist, and founder of Conservapedia
Phyllis Schlafly, conservative author, constitutional lawyer, and activist, known for her role in defeating the Equal Rights Amendment in the late 1970s and early 1980s
Thomas N. Scortia, authored novel adapted into film The Towering Inferno
William Sears, doctor and author of several popular books on pregnancy and parenting
Dale Swann, character actor
Richard Thatcher, Union Civil War soldier and first president of Territorial Normal School, now the University of Central Oklahoma
Paul Tibbets Jr., pilot of the Enola Gay; graduated from Western Military Academy in Alton
Lyman Trumbull, United States Senator from Illinois and coauthor of the Thirteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution
Robert Wadlow, at 8 feet and 11.1 inches, the tallest known person in history
Minor Watson, stage and screen actor
Jesse White, 37th Secretary of State of Illinois
Beals Wright, Hall of Fame tennis player, died in Alton
Rick Yager, cartoonist
See also
Alton (Amtrak station)
Alton Township, Madison County, Illinois
References
Further reading
Eliza Oddy, A Mississippi Diary: From St Paul, Minnesota to Alton, Illinois, October 1894 to May 1895. Edited by Andrew Hook, with an Afterword by Heather Eggins. (The Grimsay Press, 2013).
External links
Official website for the City of Alton
Mr. Lincoln and Freedom: Lincoln-Douglas Debate in Alton
1994 reenactment of Lincoln-Douglas Debate in Alton televised by C-SPAN (Debate preview and Debate review)
Cities in Illinois
Cities in Madison County, Illinois
Populated places established in 1818
Illinois populated places on the Mississippi River
Populated places on the Underground Railroad
1818 establishments in Illinois |
44567512 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicte%20%28TV%20series%29 | Dicte (TV series) | Dicte (broadcast in the UK as Dicte – Crime Reporter) is a Danish series starring Iben Hjejle as crime reporter Dicte Svendsen, who has returned to her hometown of Aarhus following a divorce. The series is based on Danish author Elsebeth Egholm's series of novels about the title character. It is broadcast in Denmark on TV2 Danmark.
Season 1 was broadcast in Denmark in 2013, season 2 in 2014, and season 3 in 2016. In the UK the first season was broadcast on More4 in mid-2016 as five feature-length episodes under the title Dicte - Crime Reporter, followed by the second season in mid-2017, and the third starting July 2018. All three seasons are available on Netflix (US) since November 2016.
Cast and characters
Episodes
Season 1
Season 2
Season 3
Early reception
1.32 million viewers tuned into the first season's premiere in Denmark. While reviews were mixed, Hjejle received good reviews for her performance. Some critics complained that most of the actors' Copenhagen accents were not authentic for a show set in Aarhus, while other actors' accents were so overblown they seemed caricatures.
References
External links
2010s Danish television series
Danish drama television series
Danish crime television series
2013 Danish television series debuts
Danish-language television shows
TV 2 (Denmark) original programming |
54372851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willibald%20Cernko | Willibald Cernko | Willibald Cernko (born 7 July 1956 in Knittelfeld, Austria) is an Austrian bank manager and has served as a member of the management board of the Erste Group Bank AG, responsible for risk management (CRO), since 1 January 2017.
Early years and career
Willibald Cernko grew up with four siblings in Rothenthurm (now part of Sankt Peter ob Judenburg) in Styria, Austria. He attended a business academy and afterwards studied at the Vienna University of Economics and Business, which he left before completing his degree.
Willibald Cernko started his career at the Raiffeisenkasse Obadach-Weißkirchen in 1983. In 1985, he moved to Vienna and began working at Creditanstalt-Bankverein, one of the predecessor banks of Bank Austria. Cernko was deputy head of corporate customers between 1996 and 1998, before joining the Bank Austria management board in 2000 with responsibility for the bank's corporate business segment. Two years later, he assumed the position as the management board member responsible for the CEE region at the newly merged Bank Austria Creditanstalt AG. In 2006, he also became a member of HypoVereinsbank AG’s management board, responsible for the Private and Corporate Customers division. Between January and September 2009, Cernko also held the position of executive vice president at UniCredit Group and served as head of retail for Germany and Austria.
On 1 October 2009, Cernko followed Erich Hampel as chairman of the board of directors of UniCredit Bank Austria AG. Robert Zadrazil replaced Cernko in this position on 1 March 2016.
Since 1 January 2017, Willibald Cernko has been a member of the management board at Erste Group, where he serves as chief risk officer (CRO). Since 1 June 2017, his division has also assumed responsibility for the work of Erste Group’s Group Sustainability Office, with the goal of establishing sustainability, including the issues of diversity and inclusion, as an essential component of Erste Group’s corporate culture.
Personal life
Cernko is married to Jasminka Stancul, a concert pianist, and has four children. His son Leonard Cernko was named "Chef of the Year" by Gault-Milau-Österreich in 2006.
References
1956 births
People from Knittelfeld
Living people |
5296318 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Eustis%20Jr. | George Eustis Jr. | George Eustis Jr. (September 28, 1828 – March 15, 1872) was an American lawyer and politician.
Early life
Eustis was born in New Orleans on September 28, 1828. He was the namesake and eldest son of George Eustis Sr. and Clarisse Duralde Eustis (née Allain). His father was a lawyer who served as a Chief Justice of the Louisiana Supreme Court. Among his siblings was brother James Biddle Eustis, a U.S. Senator and Ambassador to France.
His paternal grandparents were Jacob Eustis and Elizabeth Saunders (née Gray) Eustis and his maternal grandparents were Valérien Allain and Céleste (née Duralde) Allain. His mother was the niece of Julie Duralde Clay, a sister-in-law of statesman Henry Clay through her marriage to Clay's brother John Clay.
Eustis graduated from Jefferson College in Convent, Louisiana, and obtained a law degree from Harvard Law School.
Career
After graduation from law school, he was admitted to the bar and practiced in Louisiana before becoming involved in politics.
He was a member of Congress and then later secretary to John Slidell during the Civil War. He became a member of the United States House of Representatives representing Louisiana. He served two terms, from March 4, 1855, to March 3, 1859, as a member of the anti-immigration American Party.
During the U.S. Civil War, he was a Confederate Military Aide to Louisiana Senator John Slidell and was captured along with Slidell and James Murray Mason aboard the steamer RMS Trent by Union Navy Captain Charles Wilkes in what became known as the Trent Affair. Eustis followed Slidell to Paris, where he served as Secretary of the Confederate mission there.
Personal life
In April 1859, Eustis was married to Louise Morris Corcoran (1838–1867), the only surviving daughter of Louise (née Morris) Corcoran and William Wilson Corcoran, a banker and philanthropist who co-founded the Riggs Bank. Her grandfathers were mayor Thomas Corcoran and naval officer Charles Morris. Together, they were the parents of two sons and a daughter:
William Corcoran Eustis (1862–1921), who married Edith Livingston Morton (1874–1964), daughter of U.S. Vice President Levi Parsons Morton and a descendant of the Livingston family of New York, in 1900.
George Peabody Eustis (1864–1936), who married his first cousin Marie Eustis (1866–1956), only daughter of James B. Eustis, in 1887. They divorced in 1901, and she married pianist Josef Hofmann in 1905, and he remarried to Rosamund K. Street, daughter of William Street, in 1908.
Louise Mary Eustis (1867–1934), who married steeplechase horse racing trainer Thomas Hitchcock in 1891.
He died in of tuberculosis in Cannes, France, on March 15, 1872. His body was brought to the United States and interred in the Oak Hill Cemetery in Washington, D.C.
Descendants
Through his son George, he was a grandfather of George Morris Eustis (1899–1961) and Lucinda Eustis Corcoran (born Lucinda Morgan Corcoran Eustis).
Through his daughter Louise, he was a grandfather of Celestine Eustis Hitchcock (1892–1935), who married New York City architect Julian Livingston Peabody and died with him aboard the SS Mohawk; Thomas Hitchcock Jr. (1900–1944), who married Margaret Mellon (daughter of William Larimer Mellon Sr.); Francis Center Eustis Hitchcock, who married, and divorced, Mary Atwell; and Helen Hitchcock (d. 1979), who married James Averell Clark, (son of George Crawford Clark, a founder of Clark, Dodge & Co.) in 1919.
References
Notes
Sources
External links
Bio at Congress.gov
1828 births
1872 deaths
Politicians from New Orleans
Know-Nothing members of the United States House of Representatives from Louisiana
Lawyers from New Orleans
Harvard Law School alumni
Corcoran family
Burials at Oak Hill Cemetery (Washington, D.C.)
American expatriates in France
19th-century American politicians
Eustis family
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Louisiana |
56061945 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mailman%20%28novel%29 | The Mailman (novel) | The Mailman (1991) is a work of horror fiction by American author Bentley Little, his second novel. Like most of his work it follows the development of unexplained events in a small Arizona town, in this case revolving around a demonic mailman.
Synopsis
English teacher Doug Albin, his wife Tritia and their son Billy live in the small town of Willis, Arizona, and are shocked to learn of the suicide of their friendly, beloved, and seemingly content long-term mail carrier. A replacement arrives by the name of John Smith, an evasive and vaguely threatening man with pale skin and flame-red hair. When disturbances in the delivery of letters begin to occur, Doug comes to suspect that the strange new mailman is up to something sinister, an idea bolstered as people in town start receiving increasingly disturbing hate mail.
Themes
Although the mailman is ultimately responsible for numerous violent acts that occur in the town of the story, he doesn't commit any of them himself, instead launching psychological assaults on the people he delivers mail to, so that their sanity breaks and they are driven to sickening acts of homicide, rape, torture, and even mass murder.
In this way he exposes the weak veneer of civilisation, being able to make savages of ordinary people just by the letters that appear in their mailbox, purporting to be from friends and family members, destroying their faith in the outside world. For instance, he makes one believe that his younger brother, who died in the Vietnam war, sent him letters revealing himself to be a jaded psychopath who raped and murdered native girls.
The exact nature of the mailman and his motivations are never fully explained, though he is clearly a sadistic demonic entity that finds expression through the US Postal Service. It's occasionally suggested that he has no motive at all, beyond maybe his own amusement.
References
1991 American novels
American horror novels
Novels set in Arizona |
56138847 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regis%20Deon%20Thomas | Regis Deon Thomas | Regis Deon Thomas (born June 16, 1970) is an American convicted murderer and Bloods gang member who was sentenced to death for the 1993 murders of Kevin Michael Burrell and James Wayne MacDonald, two officers in the Compton Police Department who were shot dead during a traffic stop in the City of Compton. They were the only Compton police officers killed in the line of duty in the department's 65-year history. Thomas was also convicted of murdering another man in 1992 in Torrance, California.
Background
Thomas was born on June 16, 1970. He was the oldest of four children and grew up in South-Central Los Angeles. He was a member of the Bounty Hunter Bloods street gang, a Bloods subset based out of Watts, Los Angeles, California. Thomas was convicted of perjury in 1990. He had once worked at a liquor store as a security guard, but the building was burned down during the 1992 Los Angeles riots, resulting in Thomas being out of work for a year.
Murders
On January 31, 1992, Thomas murdered Carlos Adkins in an apartment in Torrance by shooting him.
Over a year later, on the night of February 22, 1993, at about 11 p.m., Compton Police Officer Kevin Michael Burrell, 29, and Reserve Officer James Wayne MacDonald, 24, made a routine traffic stop in Compton, at the intersection of Rosecrans Avenue and Dwight Avenue, on a red 1992 Chevrolet 454 pickup truck being driven by Thomas. As the officers exited their patrol car and approached the pickup truck, Thomas exited his vehicle and opened fire on both officers. Both officers were knocked down to the ground by bullet wounds. According to trial testimony, Thomas shot at their heads execution-style. Both officers were wearing bulletproof vests and were found lying face down near their patrol car with their guns holstered. There were nine spent nine-millimeter shell casings in front of the patrol car. Burrell died of multiple gunshot wounds to the arm, face, left foot, and head. MacDonald was also shot four times in his left armpit, middle back, upper back, and behind the right ear and died of a gunshot wound to the chest. After the shootings, Thomas returned to his truck and drove away.
Trial
Neither officer had notified dispatchers to report the traffic stop or request a background check on the truck's license plates. Detectives initially worked under the assumption that there were at least two assailants in the truck. Burrell and MacDonald were armed, but neither had even been given a chance to draw their gun. MacDonald and Burrell, a 5-year police veteran, were the second and third police officers killed on duty in the history of the Compton police force. MacDonald was killed during his last ever shift as a volunteer reserve officer on the Compton force. A massive manhunt ensued after the officers' deaths, which led to five arrests in other cases, solving three murders and two attempted killings. Compton police officers Timothy M. Brennan and Robert Ladd were a part of the task force that was formed in the wake of the murders that ultimately led to the arrest and conviction of Thomas.
Thomas was captured on April 6, 1993, when he surrendered to KTLA television reporter Warren Wilson. He was found guilty of the murders and was sentenced to death on August 15, 1995. He is currently on death row awaiting execution and is imprisoned at San Quentin State Prison. His CDCR number is J76200.
See also
List of death row inmates in the United States
References
1970 births
20th-century American criminals
American male criminals
Living people
Bloods
Prisoners sentenced to death by California
People convicted of murder by California
American people convicted of murdering police officers
American prisoners sentenced to death
African-American gangsters
Gangsters from Los Angeles |
37488416 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Greer%20McDonald | James Greer McDonald | James Greer McDonald (March 22, 1824 – January 23, 1909) was a surveyor in Los Angeles County, California, an authority on horticulture and a member of the Los Angeles Common Council, the governing body of that city, in the 19th century.
Biography
McDonald was born on March 22, 1824, in Wilson County, Tennessee, the son of James McDonald, a minister of the Cumberland Presbyterian Church. The family moved to Texas in 1838 and lived there until 1853, when young McDonald was offered a job as a deputy surveyor-general of California, under John C. Hayes. He voyaged to California and crossed Mexico via the Isthmus of Tehuantepec.
In 1858, McDonald returned to Texas and was married to Margaret V. Samuel. In the same year he organized a group to cross the plains to California by the southern route, surveying the Mexico–United States border. More than ten months later, his wife joined him, making the overland trip by stage.
McDonald died in his home at 1525 East 20th Street on January 23, 1909, leaving his wife and three children, James T. McDonald, Mrs. Thomas Weiss and Mrs. Grant Roberds, all of Los Angeles.
Public service
In his work as a California deputy surveyor, McDonald made the first surveys of the San Jacinto and Warner ranches, and in 1862 he was elected surveyor of Los Angeles County. He became an authority on horticulture and was appointed state Horticultural Inspector.
McDonald was elected to the Los Angeles Common Council on December 2, 1878, to represent the 5th Ward and was re–elected the next two years.
Vocation
Besides his surveying work, McDonald attempted mining ventures with William Workman, but when they failed to succeed, he turned to citriculture, renting the "noted orchard" of William Wolfskill and later planting a 40-acre grove of his own, where he had his family home, in today's Central-Alameda district.
References and notes
Access to the Los Angeles Times link may require the use of a library card.
American horticulturists
American surveyors
1824 births
1909 deaths
Los Angeles Common Council (1850–1889) members
19th-century American legislators
People from Wilson County, Tennessee |
38523486 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadatabad%2C%20Hamadan | Sadatabad, Hamadan | Sadatabad (, also Romanized as Sādātābād; also known as Dareh ‘Os̄mān, Darreh ‘Os̄mān, Darreh-ye ‘Os̄mān, Dar Sābān, Dar Sāpān, and Dār Uspān) is a village in Qolqol Rud Rural District, Qolqol Rud District, Tuyserkan County, Hamadan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 73, in 21 families.
References
Populated places in Tuyserkan County |
17202928 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1918%20Eighth%20Avenue | 1918 Eighth Avenue | 1918 Eighth Avenue is a skyscraper in the Denny Regrade neighborhood of Seattle, in the U.S. state of Washington. It was completed in 2009 and has 36 floors, consisting mostly of office space. On August 25, 2008, the tower gained its first tenant, law firm Hagens Berman Sobol Shapiro. The firm leased of the building. The building was developed by Schnitzer West, LLC and is now owned by an affiliate of JPMorgan Chase, which purchased it for $350 million after Schnitzer put it up for sale in May 2011, shortly after Amazon.com signed a long-term lease for more than two thirds of the office space.
See also
List of tallest buildings in Seattle
References
Emporis
Official Site
Officespace
External links
Time-lapse video of 1918 Eighth Avenue's construction
Skyscraper office buildings in Seattle
Office buildings completed in 2009
2009 establishments in Washington (state)
NBBJ buildings
Denny Triangle, Seattle
JPMorgan Chase buildings
Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design gold certified buildings |
17146727 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quilliam%20%28think%20tank%29 | Quilliam (think tank) | Quilliam was a British think tank co-founded in 2008 by Maajid Nawaz that focused on counter-extremism, specifically against Islamism, which it argued represents a desire to impose a given interpretation of Islam on society. Founded as The Quilliam Foundation and based in London, it claimed to lobby government and public institutions for more nuanced policies regarding Islam and on the need for greater democracy in the Muslim world whilst empowering "moderate Muslim" voices. The organisation opposed any Islamist ideology and championed freedom of expression. The critique of Islamist ideology by its founders―Nawaz, Rashad Zaman Ali and Ed Husain―was based, in part, on their personal experiences. Quilliam went into liquidation in 2021.
History
2007: Foundation and terminology
Quilliam was established in 2007 by Ed Husain, Maajid Nawaz and Rashad Zaman Ali, three former members of the Islamist group Hizb ut-Tahrir. Husain left in 2011 to join the Council on Foreign Relations in New York. Douglas Murray, who founded the Centre for Social Cohesion (which later morphed into the Henry Jackson Society), claimed: "Around the time Ed Husain came to public notice, I recruited him to work with me (through Civitas, the organisation that originally hosted the CSC). He liked my views and I had great hopes for him to become a source for real reform. This gave him the time and financial freedom to set up [Quilliam]."
The organisation was named after Abdullah Quilliam, a 19th-century British convert to Islam who founded Britain's first mosque. The organisation was originally called The Quilliam Foundation, but later rebranded as simply Quilliam.
Quilliam defined Islamism in the following terms:
Quilliam argued that Islam is a faith, not an ideology, and that "Islam is not Islamism". It also argues that "[Islamists] are extreme because of their rigidity in understanding politics".
The organization's goals were mainly communicated in three ways: through the publication of reports, through involvement with the media, i.e. by taking part in interviews and discussions across Europe and the Middle East, and through its "Outreach and Training" unit, which delivers a "radicalisation awareness programme".
2008: Gaza War
On 30 December 2008, just days after the outbreak of the Gaza War, Husain condemned the "ruthless air strikes and economic blockade" of Gaza city by Israel. He predicted that the result would be "rightful support for the beleaguered Palestinian peoples – and a boost to the popularity of Hamas by default".
2010: "Prevent" strategy
On 14 June 2010, a strategic briefing paper with a covering letter signed by Nawaz and Hussain was sent to Charles Farr, director of the Office for Security and Counter-Terrorism (OSCT). The briefing paper was intended to be a confidential review of the UK government's anti-terrorism "Prevent" strategy following the 7 July 2005 London bombings, and was "particularly critical of the view that government partnerships with non-violent yet otherwise extreme Islamists were the best way to fend off Jihadism". Although sent "by hard copy alone" with no electronic version, both letter and briefing paper were leaked by being scanned and published on the internet, provoking protests from various groups which had been identified in the Quilliam briefing as sympathetic or supportive of Islamist extremism. According to the briefing document, "The ideology of non-violent Islamists is broadly the same as that of violent Islamists; they disagree only on tactics."
Quilliam's report claimed that a unit within Scotland Yard called the Muslim Contact Unit, and a separate independent group called the Muslim Safety Forum, intended to improve the relationship between the police and the Muslim community, were respectively "Islamist-dominated" and "associated with Jamaat e-Islami". Other organisations listed by the Quilliam report included the Muslim Council of Britain and its rival the Muslim Association of Britain, both said to be "associated with the Muslim brotherhood". Also said to have Islamist sympathies or to be associated with Islamist groups were the Islamic Human Rights Commission, the Federation of Student Islamic Societies, the Cordoba Foundation, and the Islam Channel.
The report said of these organisations: "These are a selection of the various groups and institutions active in the UK which are broadly sympathetic to Islamism. Whilst only a small proportion will agree with al-Qaida's tactics, many will agree with their overall goal of creating a single 'Islamic state' which would bring together all Muslims around the world under a single government and then impose on them a single interpretation of sharia as state law." Politicians described by the report as "Islamist-backed" included Salma Yaqoob, then leader of the Respect Party, and George Galloway, also from Respect. Inayat Bunglawala, chairman of Muslims4Uk and a former spokesman for the Muslim Council of Britain, and Fatima Khan, vice-chair of the Muslim Safety Forum, both described Quilliam's list as "McCarthyite". Bunglawala added: "In effect, Quilliam – a body funded very generously by the government through Prevent – are attempting to set themselves up as arbiters of who is and is not an acceptable Muslim."
A Home Office spokesman told the press that the report had not been solicited, but added: "We believe the Prevent programme isn't working as effectively as it could and want a strategy that is effective and properly focused – that is why we are reviewing it."
Nawaz told The Daily Telegraph: "Quilliam has a track record of distinguishing between legal tolerance and civil tolerance – we oppose banning non-violent extremists … yet we see no reason why tax payers should subsidise them. It is in this context that we wish to raise Islamism."
2013: English Defence League controversy
On 8 October 2013, it was announced that the co-founders of the English Defence League (EDL), Tommy Robinson and Kevin Carroll, had had meetings with Quilliam and intended to leave the EDL. Robinson said that street protests were "no longer effective" and "acknowledged the dangers of far-right extremism". However, he also said that he intended to continue to combat radical Islamism by forming a new party. Both Robinson and Carroll began taking lessons in Islam from Quilliam member Usama Hasan, and stated their intention to train in lobbying institutions. However, in December 2015 Robinson, who founded the anti-Islamic organisation Pegida UK after leading the EDL, claimed that Quilliam had paid him a total of around £8000 over a period of six months so they could take credit for his exit from the EDL, although he said that he had already decided to leave the movement before coming into contact with Quilliam. Quilliam subsequently acknowledged that they had paid Robinson, although they characterised the payments as remuneration "for costs associated with outreach that he & Dr Usama Hassan did to Muslim communities after Tommy's departure from the EDL".
Quilliam had previously persuaded another member of the EDL, Nick Jode, to leave the EDL. Jode had been persuaded by the writings and on-line videos of Maajid Nawaz speaking on behalf of Quilliam, being particularly impressed by Nawaz's debate with Anjem Choudary of the Islamist group Islam4UK.
2016: Dispute with Southern Poverty Law Center
In October 2016, the U.S. Southern Poverty Law Center accused Nawaz of being an "anti-Muslim extremist". In June 2018, the SPLC apologised and paid $3.375 million to Nawaz and Quilliam "to fund their work to fight anti-Muslim bigotry and extremism".
2021: Dissolution
The Quilliam Foundation Ltd was put into liquidation on 9 April 2021. The same day, Nawaz posted on Twitter: "Due to the hardship of maintaining a non-profit during COVID lockdowns, we took the tough decision to close Quilliam down for good. This was finalised today. A huge thank you to all those who supported us over the years. We are now looking forward to a new post-covid future".
Funding
When Quilliam launched in 2007, the Home Office provided it with £674,608 of funding. In January 2009, The Times published an article claiming that Quilliam had received almost £1 million from the British government. The article also said that some "members of the Government and the Opposition" had questioned the wisdom of "relying too heavily on a relatively unknown organisation … to counter extremism".
From 2011 onwards, Quilliam received no government, i.e. "public", funding. In the BBC programme HARDtalk, Nawaz explained that "the reason it was cut was because we disagreed at the time with the direction the government was headed. Now that the strategy has changed, and the policy of government has changed, what we haven't done is revitalize those funding relationships; but rather now we're 100% privately funded, which I'm happy with because of course it allows me to do the work without having to face the questions about which government is funding you and whether we're pursuing a government line or not."
With the sudden cut in 2011, Quilliam operated at a loss that year.
According to its political liaison officer, Jonathan Russell, the removal of public funding has been to Quilliam's advantage, as "it can remain ideas-focused, non-partisan and continue its own pursuits."
In 2012, the foundation received $75,000 from the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, which funds the David Horowitz Freedom Center. Quilliam also won a grant of over $1 million from the John Templeton Foundation.
The organisation also received £35,000 from banker and BBC chairman, Richard Sharp via his charity, the Sharp Foundation. When asked why he did this, Sharp said he was impressed by Quilliam's "efforts to combat radicalism and extremism".
Controversies
Criticism of its tactics
Despite Quilliam's claims to oppose extremism of any kind, it had numerous critics. According to Alex MacDonald in Middle East Eye, the organisation was "regularly accused [...] of authoritarianism as well as targeting Muslim groups across the UK and tarring them with the "extremist" label with little evidence." In October 2009, The Guardian revealed that Husain was in favour of Muslims being spied upon by the British state even if they were not suspected of committing crimes; Husain is quoted as saying, "It is gathering intelligence on people not committing terrorist offences. If it is to prevent people getting killed and committing terrorism, it is good and it is right." Douglas Murray described this attitude as 'appallingly illiberal'.
Sayeeda Warsi, the first female Muslim member of a British Cabinet, described Quilliam in her book The Enemy Within (2017) as "a bunch of men whose beards are tame, accents crisp, suits sharp, and who have a message the government wants to hear".
After Quilliam folded in April 2021, Malia Bouattia, former president of the National Union of Students, stated that "for 13 years Quilliam reinforced the idea that Muslims are a suspect community and supported the draconian “counter-terrorism” policies being pushed by the government." She claimed the foundation "leaves behind a toxic legacy, which will continue to harm the Muslim community in the United Kingdom and beyond."
Henry Jackson Society
Quilliam worked with the Henry Jackson Society, a neoconservative think tank whose Associate Director, Douglas Murray, supported the 2003 invasion of Iraq and has described Islamophobia as "a crock". In 2006, Murray also called for an end to "all immigration into Europe from Muslim countries".
Grooming gangs
In December 2017, Quilliam released a report entitled "Group Based Child Sexual Exploitation – Dissecting Grooming Gangs", concluding that 84% of offenders were of South Asian heritage. This report was fiercely criticised for its poor methodology by Ella Cockbain and Waqas Tufail, in their paper "Failing victims, fuelling hate: challenging the harms of the 'Muslim grooming gangs' narrative" which was published in January 2020. In December that year, a further report by the Home Office was released, showing that the majority of CSE gangs were, in fact, composed of white men.
Research has found that group-based child sexual exploitation offenders are most commonly white. Some studies suggest an overrepresentation of black and Asian offenders relative to the demographics of national populations. However, it is not possible to conclude that this is representative of all group-based CSE offending.
Writing in The Guardian, Cockbain and Tufail wrote of the report that "The two-year study by the Home Office makes very clear that there are no grounds for asserting that Muslim or Pakistani-heritage men are disproportionately engaged in such crimes, and, citing our research, it confirmed the unreliability of the Quilliam claim".
Focus on Islamism
In openDemocracy, Tom Griffin criticised Nawaz for focusing on Islamism, and for defending "counterjihad" figures like Robert B. Spencer, Pamela Geller and Frank Gaffney.
The emergence of the counterjihad movement had previously been noted in the journal of the Royal United Services Institute as early as 2008. The most comprehensive study of the US counterjihad movement, Fear Inc., by the Center for American Progress, identified its key activists including Frank Gaffney of the Center for Security Policy and David Horowitz of the David Horowitz Freedom Center, both conspiracy theorists who have claimed Hillary Clinton aide Huma Abedin is an agent of the Muslim Brotherhood; as well as Pamela Gellar and Robert Spencer, the co-founders of Stop the Islamization of America. These in turn were funded by a small number of key conservative foundations such as the Donors Capital Fund, the Scaife Foundations, the Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation and the Abstraction Fund.
See also
Democracy in the Middle East
Islamic Modernism
References
Sources
External links
Ex-extremists call for 'Western Islam' – The Launch of the Quilliam Foundation
Government gives £1m to anti-extremist think-tank
Radical, Maajid Nawaz's autobiography – publisher's page
2008 establishments in the United Kingdom
Islamic organisations based in the United Kingdom
Political advocacy groups in the United Kingdom
Think tanks based in the United Kingdom
Liberal and progressive movements within Islam
Faith and theology think tanks based in the United Kingdom
Religious organisations based in the United Kingdom
Islamic political websites
Islamic political organizations
Think tanks established in 2008
Organizations disestablished in 2021 |
21426508 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1818%20in%20sports | 1818 in sports | 1818 in sports describes the year's events in world sport.
Boxing
Events
Tom Cribb retains his English championship but no fights involving him are recorded in 1818.
Cricket
Events
Leading English player George Osbaldeston strikes his name from the MCC members list in anger. He later repents and tries to restore himself but his application is blocked by his enemy, Lord Frederick Beauclerk. Osbaldeston can no longer play at Lord's and that effectively ends his first-class career.
England
Most runs – Billy Beldham 103 (HS 49)
Most wickets – Thomas Howard 14 (BB 5–?)
Horse racing
England
1,000 Guineas Stakes – Corinne
2,000 Guineas Stakes – Interpreter
The Derby – Sam
The Oaks – Corinne
St. Leger Stakes – Reveller
Rowing
Events
Leander Club is founded by the merger of The Star and Arrow boat clubs in London
References
1818 |
25231251 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iotatorquevirus | Iotatorquevirus | Iotatorquevirus is a genus of viruses in the family Anelloviridae, in group II in the Baltimore classification. It includes one species: Iotatorquevirus suida1a.
Virology
The virons are small and non-enveloped.
The viruses are usually acquired soon after birth and may invade virtually any tissue in the body.
They are widespread in the pig population.
Genome
Iotatorqueviruses have a circular, single-stranded DNA genome. The genome is negative-sense.
Clinical
Postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome has been causally associated with porcine circovirus type 2. The Iotatorquevirus have also been linked with this syndrome but a causative role—if one exists—has yet to be established.
References
External links
ICTV Virus Taxonomy Latest
UniProt Taxonomy
ICTVdb
ViralZone: Iotatorquevirus
Anelloviridae
Virus genera |
29487010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arild%20Lenth | Arild Lenth | Arild Lenth (20 November 1904 – 28 March 1972) was a Norwegian long jumper and triple jumper.
His personal best long jump was 7.18 metres, achieved in July 1928 on Bislett stadion. In August 1928 at the same stadium he jumped 14.11 metres in the triple jump, another career best. At the 1928 Summer Olympics he competed in the long and triple jump. In the long jump he achieved 6.60 metres and failed to reach the final; in the triple jump he achieved 13.39 metres and again failed to reach the final. He became Norwegian champion in the long jump in 1928 and 1929, representing Hamar IL. He also won the national bronze medal in 1927. He became Norwegian triple jump champion once, in 1928. He did not hold the triple jump club record in Hamar IL, as Lauritz G. Bryhn had jumped 14.28 metres in 1921.
Lenth chaired the club Hamar IL from 1946 to 1947. Together with Guri Bakke (1910–1989) he had the son Borger Arildssøn Lenth (b. 1937), a jurist and banker.
References
1904 births
1972 deaths
Sportspeople from Hamar
Norwegian male long jumpers
Norwegian male triple jumpers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Norway
20th-century Norwegian people |
56748742 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sogelau%20Tuvalu | Sogelau Tuvalu | Sogelau Tuvalu (born 5 June 1994) is an American Samoan track and field athlete who represented American Samoa at the 2011 World Championships in Athletics in the 100 meters, despite being trained as a shot putter.
2011 World Athletics Championships
Having not qualified to compete at the shot put event, Tuvalu was entered into the 100 meters at the 2011 World Athletics Championships in Daegu, which had no qualification standard for smaller nations. Running in the fourth heat of the preliminary round, Tuvalu finished 5 seconds slower than first-placed Malaysian Mohd Noor Imran, finishing in 15.66s. Tuvalu is also one of the youngest debutants in the history of the World Athletics Championships, making his first and only appearance aged 17.
References
External links
Profile at World Athletics.org
American Samoan male sprinters
1995 births
Living people
World Athletics Championships athletes for American Samoa |
25559860 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Billboard%20Best-Selling%20Popular%20Record%20Albums%20number%20ones%20of%201945 | List of Billboard Best-Selling Popular Record Albums number ones of 1945 | Billboard published its first popular albums chart, at the time known as Best-Selling Popular Record Albums, in 1945. The chart was first published in the magazine dated March 24 and included ten positions, "based on reports received from more than 200 dealers" throughout the United States. In the 40 weeks that followed, eight albums by five different artists reached the top.
The first number-one album on the chart was the King Cole Trio's self-titled debut released by Capitol. It topped the charts for three weeks until it was replaced by the soundtrack of Song of Norway, an operetta, written by Robert Wright and George Forrest. The soundtrack reached number one for one more week in May. Glenn Miller, a compilation album recorded by Glenn Miller and His Orchestra released posthumously by Victor, topped the charts for two weeks in May and later in summer for an additional six weeks. The album was certified gold 23 years after its release by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for shipments of 500,000 or more units.
The second album credited to an original cast to top the chart was Carousel, released by Decca. The musical was composed by Rodgers and Hammerstein and was atop for six consecutive weeks in August and September. Bing Crosby was the only artist to have two albums atop the chart: Selections from Going My Way for six weeks and Merry Christmas for four weeks. The latter album was certified gold by the RIAA in November 1970. King Cole Trio was the longest reigning album of the year with 12 weeks at number one, followed by Glenn Miller with seven weeks. Albums released by Decca topped the charts for a total of 18 weeks, followed by Capitol at 17 weeks and Victor for 9 weeks.
Chart history
See also
1945 in music
List of Billboard 200 number-one albums
Notes
References
1945
United States albums
1945 in American music |
29341022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children%20of%20a%20Lesser%20God%20%28album%29 | Children of a Lesser God (album) | Children of a Lesser God is the second album by the Wu-Tang Clan-affiliated American rap group Wisemen, released on October 26, 2010 on Babygrande Records.
Track listing
"Intro"
"Children of a Lesser God"
Produced by Bronze Nazareth
"Thirsty Fish"
Featuring Raekwon
Produced by Kevlaar 7
"Faith Doctrine"
Featuring Beace
"Interlude: Don't Nut on My Bed!"
"Lucy"
"Get U Shot"
"Hurt Lockers"
"The Illness 2"
"Words from Big Rube"
Featuring Big Rube of The Dungeon Family
"I Gotta Know"
"Listen to the Wisemen"
Featuring Minister Watson
"Panic in Vision Park"
"Do It Again"
Produced by Supaa Maine
"Interlude - Toxic"
"Makes Me Want a Shot"
"Victorious Hoods"
Featuring Victorious and Planet Asia
"Corn Liquor Thoughts"
"Outro - Hip Hop Blues"
2010 albums
Babygrande Records albums
Bronze Nazareth albums
Albums produced by Bronze Nazareth |
55906107 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corning%20Commercial%20Historic%20District | Corning Commercial Historic District | The Corning Commercial Historic District is a nationally recognized historic district located in Corning, Iowa, United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012. At the time of its nomination the district consisted of 78 resources, including 56 contributing buildings, one contributing site, one contributing object, 18 non-contributing buildings, and one non-contributing structure. The district covers most of the central business district. It has a linear layout, with twin main streets (Davis and Benton), associated with Central Park and the Adams County Courthouse (not in the district) at its uppermost end. This is an unusual town layout and is thought to be the only town in Iowa so configured. The elevation slopes down toward the East Nodaway River, south of the downtown and a light industrial area.
The commercial buildings are mostly masonry structures constructed with bricks. Many of them replaced wood-frame structures that were destroyed in an 1896 fire. Two other periods of major development include the years after the Panic of 1893 and the Great Depression. The latter focuses on the role the Federal government played in the enhancement of public art. The buildings are from one- to three stories in height, although most are no taller than two stories. Besides commercial use, buildings here also housed theaters, government functions, especially federal agricultural agencies, and the inclusion of automobile-related businesses. The Corning Opera House (1902) is individually listed on the National Register. The park and its fountain are the contributing site and the contributing object.
References
Corning, Iowa
Buildings and structures in Adams County, Iowa
National Register of Historic Places in Adams County, Iowa
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Iowa
Victorian architecture in Iowa |
51753848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Executioner%20of%20Venice | The Executioner of Venice | The Executioner of Venice (), also known as Blood of the Executioner, is a 1963 Italian swashbuckler film co-written and directed by Luigi Capuano and starring Lex Barker and Guy Madison.
Plot
Cast
Lex Barker as Sandrigo Bembo
Guy Madison as Rodrigo Zeno
Alessandra Panaro as Leonora Danin
Mario Petri as Boia Guarnieri
Alberto Farnese as Michele Arcà
Giulio Marchetti as Bartolo
Feodor Chaliapin Jr. as Doge Giovanni Bembo
Franco Fantasia as Pietro
Raf Baldassarre as Messere Grimani
Mirella Roxy as Smeralda
John Bartha as Messere Leonardo
References
External links
1963 adventure films
Italian adventure films
Italian swashbuckler films
Films directed by Luigi Capuano
Films set in Venice
Films scored by Carlo Rustichelli
1960s Italian films
1960s Italian-language films |
39563402 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20Hour%20%28Porno%20Graffitti%20song%29 | Music Hour (Porno Graffitti song) | Music Hour (ミュージック・アワー) is the third single by the Japanese pop-rock band Porno Graffitti. It was released on July 12, 2000.
The song was used in a promotion for Otsuka Pharmaceutical's Pocari Sweat. A cover of the song was performed by Poppin'Party and released as part of the BanG Dream! Girls Band Party! Cover Collection Vol. 4 in 2020.
Track listing
References
2000 singles
Porno Graffitti songs
2000 songs
SME Records singles |
4430265 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvestre%20Nsanzimana | Sylvestre Nsanzimana | Sylvestre Nsanzimana (5 January 1936 – 1999) born in Gikongoro Province, Rwanda served as Prime Minister of Rwanda from 12 October 1991 to 2 April 1992. He belonged to the National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development and previously served as minister of justice in the government of Juvénal Habyarimana. He stepped down as prime minister following the refusal of opposition parties to take part in the government.
Other works
He also served as Rwanda's Minister of Foreign Affairs from 1969 to 1971. He was also a director at a university.
Personal life and family
Sylvestre Nsanzimana was married. He had 4 children. With his family, they lived for over 10 years in Ethiopia where the children schooled in Lycée Guébré-Mariam and returned to Rwanda. His wife died of illness in 1988. He died in 1999 of illness in Belgium.
References
1935 births
1999 deaths
Prime Ministers of Rwanda
Foreign ministers of Rwanda
Industry ministers of Rwanda
Justice ministers of Rwanda
Mining ministers of Rwanda
Trade ministers of Rwanda
National Republican Movement for Democracy and Development politicians |
20181822 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maisonneuve%20Park | Maisonneuve Park | Maisonneuve Park is an urban park in the Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie borough of Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It is considered to be one of Montreal's large parks.
Established in 1910, it is in size, in three sections. The primary section is a public space that is bordered by the Montreal Botanical Garden on the west, Rosemont Street to the north, Viau Street to the east, and Sherbrooke Street East to the south. The other two sections, east of Viau Street, are a nine-hole public golf course and a community garden. Originally the primary section contained an 18-hole golf course which was reduced to 9 holes in the mid-1970s in order to construct the Montreal Olympic Park.
It is named in honour of Paul Chomedey de Maisonneuve, founder of Montreal.
The park is a unique place where people enjoy walking day or night, bicycling on its bike trail which runs all the way around the park. The center of the park is a calm area where people enjoy picnics and tranquility and is very popular among young people and families.
The loop section of the bicycle path is long. This does not include the path outside the fenced area, along Sherbrooke Street.
It has been the site for Montreal's annual Saint-Jean-Baptiste Day concert on June 24, but in 2015 the festivities were held in the Place des Festivals instead.
References
Parks in Montreal
Golf clubs and courses in Quebec
Rosemont–La Petite-Patrie |
61604795 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rick%20Zuijderwijk | Rick Zuijderwijk | Rick Zuijderwijk (born 13 April 2001) is a Dutch professional footballer who plays as a midfielder. A free agent, he most recently played for Willem II.
Club career
Zuijderwijk joined the Willem II academy in 2010. He made his professional debut with Willem II in a 2–0 Eredivisie loss to SBV Vitesse on 10 August 2019.
On 31 August 2021, he joined FC Den Bosch on loan for the 2021–22 season. In January 2022 he returned to Willem II.
Zuijderwijk's contract with Willem II was terminated by mutual consent on 31 August 2022, making him a free agent.
References
External links
2001 births
Living people
Footballers from Breda
Dutch men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Willem II (football club) players
FC Den Bosch players
Eredivisie players
Eerste Divisie players
21st-century Dutch people |
10112955 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Kennedy/Marshall%20Company | The Kennedy/Marshall Company | The Kennedy/Marshall Company (K/M) is an American film and television production company, based in Santa Monica, California, founded in 1992 by spouses Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall.
It presently has had contracts with Paramount Pictures, Spyglass Entertainment, DreamWorks Pictures, Universal Pictures, 20th Century Studios, Warner Bros. Pictures and the Walt Disney Studios. Kennedy and Marshall are formerly founders at Steven Spielberg's Amblin Entertainment studio.
History
In 1992, Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall left Amblin Entertainment to form their own self-titled banner The Kennedy/Marshall Company with a three-year first look deal at Paramount Pictures. After leaving Amblin, Marshall directed and Kennedy produced Alive which was released in 1993 as a Kennedy/Marshall production; however, the first film under their deal with Paramount was Milk Money (1994).
In 1995, the duo left Paramount Pictures with a three-year production deal at the Walt Disney Studios. In 1998, the company tried their first foray into television, signing a development pact with CBS to air Kennedy/Marshall's television shows for the network. Later that same year, the studio left Disney for Universal Pictures, with an eleven-year deal.
In 2005, Kennedy/Marshall entered its foray onto the Broadway fold to bring the Off Broadway revival Hurlyburly to Broadway.
In 2009, they left Universal Pictures for Sony Pictures Entertainment. Two years later, they left Sony Pictures for DreamWorks Pictures.
In 2012, Kennedy left to join Lucasfilm as president. During the same year, the studio signed a deal with CBS Television Studios to produce TV shows made for the company.
Selected filmography
Feature films
1990s
2000s
2010s
2020s
Upcoming
Television shows
References
External links
Film production companies of the United States
Companies based in Santa Monica, California
American companies established in 1992
1992 establishments in California
Privately held companies based in California |
67916630 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koumajou%20Densetsu%3A%20Scarlet%20Symphony | Koumajou Densetsu: Scarlet Symphony | is an action-adventure Touhou Project fangame developed in 2009 for Microsoft Windows. The game has also been referred to as Touhouvania. A remaster, titled , was announced in 2021, and released on July 28, 2022 for Steam and Nintendo Switch.
Gameplay
Koumajou Densetsu: Scarlet Symphony is an action-adventure with Bullet hell elements, taking heavy influence from the Castlevania series. The player controls Reimu Hakurei, the miko of the Hakurei Shrine, as she navigates the Scarlet Devil Mansion via platforming sections and killing enemies and bosses, which allows Reimu to level up and upgrade her abilities.
Plot
In Koumajou Densetsu: Scarlet Symphony, Reimu Hakurei enters the Scarlet Devil Mansion to stop Remilia Scarlet, who has released red mist across Gensokyo.
Development
Koumajou Densetsu: Scarlet Symphony was released in August 2009 by dojin developer Frontier Aja at that year's Comiket. A remaster by the original developers was announced in 2021 for Steam and Nintendo Switch, which was originally intended to release the same year, but was later delayed to July 28, 2022. The remaster introduced new dialogue along with recorded voice acting, an official English translation, and improved graphics.
Sequel
In 2010, a sequel was released, titled Koumajou Densetsu II: Stranger’s Requiem. In Koumajou Densetsu II, the player controls Sakuya Izayoi, the Scarlet Devil Mansion's maid. Similar to the first game, the level design is linear, and the game is divided into multiple stages, each with a boss at the end. Koumajou Densetsu II's gameplay is characteristic of the earlier Castlevania games, such as Super Castlevania IV and Castlevania: Rondo of Blood. Lifted directly from the early Castlevania games, Sakuya can equip one of several sub-weapons, which attack at different angles to the regular attack, but require 'energy', located at various points throughout the stage, in order to use them.
References
External links
Official website (in Japanese)
Touhou Project fangames
2009 video games
2010 video games
2022 video games
Nintendo Switch games
Video game remasters
Windows games
Video games developed in Japan |
75100706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radensk | Radensk | Radensk is a village in Oleshky urban hromada, Kherson Raion, Kherson Oblast.
History
Radensk was occupied by Russia during the Russian invasion of Ukraine. The hromada head Yevhen Ryshchuk, giving an interview in April 2022, relayed an incident during which, in the village, the Russians brought humanitarian aid in the form of clothes, but the angry civilians refused to accept them due to the then-recent Bucha massacre committed by Russia, and destroyed the clothing with a tractor. Reportedly, after the returning Russians were unable to find the specific person who drove the tractor, they went to the man who owned the tractor, and nailed him by his palms to a fence.
On 18 September 2023, Ukraine reportedly launched a HIMARS missile strike on a command post of the Russian 70th Motorized Rifle Division in Radensk, killing eight officers and injuring seven others.
References
Villages in Kherson Raion |
56269693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhold%20Smyczek | Reinhold Smyczek | Reinhold W. Smyczek (August 18, 1918 – May 18, 1994 ) was a Polish military officer and an émigré political activist.
Decorations
1945 : Silver Cross of the Order Virtuti Militari by the Polish Government in Exile
1981: Knight's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta
1986: Officer's Cross of the Order of Polonia Restituta "for the work dedicated to independence and national treasure"
1994 Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland (posthumously)
References
1918 births
1994 deaths
Polish Army officers
Polish emigrants to the United States
Commanders of the Order of Merit of the Republic of Poland
Officers of the Order of Polonia Restituta
Knights of the Order of Polonia Restituta
Recipients of the Silver Cross of the Virtuti Militari |
70917418 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90i%E1%BB%81m%20Ph%C3%B9ng%20Th%E1%BB%8B | Điềm Phùng Thị | Điềm Phùng Thị (August 18, 1920 – January 28, 2002) was a Vietnamese modernist sculptor, considered "one of the masters of Vietnamese modern art."
After training as a dental surgeon and moving to France, Điềm developed an interest in sculpture in midlife and gained recognition in both Europe and Vietnam for her work.
Early life and education
Điềm Phùng Thị was born Phùng Thị Cúc in 1920 in Huế. As a child, she traveled throughout Vietnam with her father, a government bureaucrat, which was her first exposure to her country's native sculptural traditions.
She studied dentistry at Hanoi Medical University, becoming one of the first women to graduate from the university in 1946. She subsequently spent two years fighting against the French in the First Indochina War. However, in 1948 she suffered from paralysis and was brought to France for treatment. After recovering, she remained in the country and obtained a doctorate in dental surgery in 1954. As part of her graduate studies, she researched the tradition of chewing betel leaves in Vietnam.
Sculpture
Điềm did not begin sculpting until she was nearly 40 years old, in 1959. After abandoning her dentistry career and attending art school in Paris, she studied under the sculptor from 1961 to 1963. In the first decade of her artistic practice, Điềm settled into an abstract style, abandoning figurative sculpture. Her signature style focused on what she called "seven modules," a set of seven shapes that could form seemingly infinite combinations. She experimented with a wide variety of materials, including terracotta, stone, metal, wood, lacquer, polyester, and even scraps of B-52 bombs. She drew inspiration from her memories of Vietnam and her experiences as a woman. Điềm has been described as "one of the masters of Vietnamese modern art" and "Vietnam’s answer to Louise Bourgeois."
Her work was exhibited widely across Europe, beginning with a 1966 exhibition at Paris' Bernheim-Jeune gallery. She also held exhibitions in Vietnam, with her first one in 1978 considered one of the country's first exhibitions of abstract art. Additionally, she produced jewelry, as well as art for installation, including at the Vietnamese Embassy in France and the library of Bayeux.
Death and legacy
In 1992, Điềm returned to Vietnam, settling in her hometown of Huế. She died there in 2002, at age 81. Much of her work was donated to the city of Huế, where it is displayed at the Điềm Phùng Thị Art Museum.
References
1920 births
2002 deaths
Vietnamese women artists
Vietnamese sculptors
Vietnamese women sculptors
People from Huế
Women dentists
Vietnamese emigrants to France |
51001763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MW%20Motors%20Luka%20EV | MW Motors Luka EV | The MW Motors Luka EV is an electric car designed and produced by MW Motors in the Czech Republic since the 2010s.
The Luka EV is unusual in having four wheel hub motors instead of a central electric motor. The body is inspired by the Tatra JK 2500 prototype and is made from fibreglass on an aluminium chassis.
Charging the battery takes 9 hours from a domestic single phase 220 VAC socket or 2 hours with a 3-phase rapid charger.
The MRK I and II prototypes were hand built as open source projects on Hackaday. The final production MRK III follows the previous cars closely but the details are closed source. The price is expected to start at .
The MRK I prototype was nominated, together with five other vehicles, for the eCarTec Award 2015 in the Electric Vehicle category.
References
External links
https://github.com/MWMotors/Car
Coupés
Electric sports cars
Electric concept cars
All-wheel-drive vehicles
Production electric cars |
123415 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herron%2C%20Montana | Herron, Montana | Herron is a census-designated place (CDP) in Hill County, Montana, United States. The population was 43 at the 2010 census.
Geography
Herron is located in eastern Hill County at (48.514344, -109.788942). It is bordered to the east by West Havre and to the west by Beaver Creek. U.S. Route 2 forms the northern border of the CDP, running east to the center of Havre, the county seat, and west to Gildford. U.S. Route 87 forms the eastern and southeastern borders of the CDP and terminates at US 2. To the south US 87 leads to Box Elder.
The Havre City–County Airport is in the northern part of Herron.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Herron CDP has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 100 people, 43 households, and 34 families residing in the CDP. The population density was . There were 48 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the CDP was 95.00% White, 3.00% Native American, and 2.00% from two or more races.
There were 43 households, out of which 23.3% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 65.1% were married couples living together, 11.6% had a female householder with no husband present, and 20.9% were non-families. 16.3% of all households were made up of individuals, and 4.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.33 and the average family size was 2.56.
In the CDP, the population was spread out, with 17.0% under the age of 18, 6.0% from 18 to 24, 22.0% from 25 to 44, 36.0% from 45 to 64, and 19.0% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 48 years. For every 100 females, there were 104.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 118.4 males.
The median income for a household in the CDP was $37,727, and the median income for a family was $26,250. Males had a median income of $33,125 versus $32,917 for females. The per capita income for the CDP was $11,779. None of the population and none of the families were below the poverty line.
References
Census-designated places in Hill County, Montana
Census-designated places in Montana |
25726075 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tariq%20Mahmood%20%28judge%29 | Tariq Mahmood (judge) | Tariq Mahmood () was a Pakistani lawyer and judge. Born in Pakistan, he is most famous as a leader of the Lawyers' Movement in Pakistan.
As a judge of the Balochistan High Court, he refused to take an oath under General Pervez Musharraf. He lived in Quetta for a while.
Mahmood was also the former president of Supreme Court Bar Association of Pakistan.
He was also in the panel of lawyers of Chief Justice Iftikhar Chaudhry's suspension case of presidential reference in the Supreme Judicial Council of Pakistan. He was arrested and detained with his family during the 2007 state of emergency.
Justice Tariq frequently appears on a number of popular TV talk news shows and is known for his candid and honest views.
Quotes
Either I could lie to save my job, or tell the truth to save my character.
See also
Pakistan Bar Council (PBC)
External links
Movement for Rule of Law - Profile - Justice Tariq
Justice Tariq's Interview taken in May 2002
Pakistani lawyers
Judges of the Balochistan High Court
People from Quetta
Living people
Pakistani legal scholars
Year of birth missing (living people)
Presidents of the Supreme Court Bar Association of Pakistan |
24861452 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1998%20Copa%20Colsanitas%20%E2%80%93%20Doubles | 1998 Copa Colsanitas – Doubles | Janette Husárová and Paola Suárez won in the final 3–6, 6–2, 6–3 against Melissa Mazzotta and Ekaterina Sysoeva.
Seeds
Champion seeds are indicated in bold text while text in italics indicates the round in which those seeds were eliminated.
Laurence Courtois / Corina Morariu (quarterfinals)
Seda Noorlander / Noëlle van Lottum (semifinals)
Svetlana Krivencheva / Pavlina Stoyanova (first round)
Janette Husárová / Paola Suárez (champions)
Draw
External links
1998 Copa Colsanitas Doubles Draw
Copa Colsanitas
1998 WTA Tour |
62794744 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shine%2C%20Perishing%20Republic | Shine, Perishing Republic | "Shine, Perishing Republic" is a poem by the American writer Robinson Jeffers, first published in 1925 in the collection Roan Stallion, Tamar, and Other Poems. It describes an increasingly corrupt American empire, which it advises readers to view through the naturalizing perspective of social cycles. Jeffers wrote two companion poems in the 1930s: "Shine, Republic" and "Shine, Empire".
Background
Robinson Jeffers wrote "Shine, Perishing Republic" in 1921–1922.
Structure and summary
"Shine, Perishing Republic" consists of five couplets and each line has nine or ten stressed syllables. The first two couplets establish Jeffers' assessment of the contemporary United States. The third couplet explains his view of the relationship between history and nature. The last two couplets cover what this means for the individual and the family.
Jeffers opens up with the metaphor of a mold and a molten mass to signify the vulgar American culture and the corrupt American people. He views all attempts at reversing the decadence as meaningless, because it is part of a natural social cycle. Jeffers uses the metaphor of a flower that gives way to a fruit, which in turn decays and returns to the soil. By keeping a distant perspective, it is possible to celebrate the splendor of America's decline from republic to empire. Jeffers then addresses his twin sons and wishes for them to keep a distance from the corrupt urban areas, which are the centers of the decay. He also advices them to be moderate in their attachment to other human beings.
Themes and analysis
Jeffers describes an America which after World War I had secured its position as the dominant power in the West, and thereby definitely had abandoned the agrarian vision of the Jeffersonian republic. This places Jeffers' perspective on social cycles in a different context than, for example, the Founding Fathers' discussions about ancient republics and empires, Thomas Cole's painting series The Course of Empire (1833–1836) or the poet Walt Whitman's recognition of decay and dissolution. Discarding American exceptionalism, Jeffers views the United States—now more prosperous than ever and in the age of skyscrapers—as an integral and leading example of a broader crisis of the West. America exists within the world and spectacularly displays the decay that had been described in the Old World by Friedrich Nietzsche, Søren Kierkegaard and Sigmund Freud.
Jeffers' portrayal of a decaying empire uses both industrial and organic imagery: it is a "molten mass" and a "monster". The natural imagery continues with the "mortal splendor" of meteors, which conceals the "vulgarity" and "thickening center; corruption". Human agency is recognized within the empire itself, although it is limited to the ability to accelerate decay. As politics and history are part of a natural process of growth and decay, the real task for the human individual is to find a comprehensive way to regard this process. The poem offers an answer to how both corruption and meaningless opposition can be avoided: this is achieved by taking refuge in the "mountains", which, according to the scholar Robert Zaller, refers to "the ground of landscape itself and hence of access to the sublime".
The aloofness Jeffers recommends to his sons ties in with his philosophy of Inhumanism, which he would codify in the 1940s. His rejection of anthropocentrism is reflected in the final lines, which evoke Christianity's belief in God's incarnation as Christ, signifying a love for man that the poem dismisses as a "trap". The treatment of the relationship between nature, history, politics and family recurs in Jeffers' poems from the 1920s, notably in the narrative poems Tamar and The Women at Point Sur, and in the lyrical poem "Natural Music", which like "Shine, Perishing Republic" maintains that nature has the ability to redeem history.
Publication
Jeffers omitted "Shine, Perishing Republic" from his 1924 collection Tamar and Other Poems. It was first published the year after in Roan Stallion, Tamar, and Other Poems, where it is part of the "Roan Stallion" grouping. It has frequently been anthologized, and is included in volumes of Jeffers' poetry such as Poems (1928), The Selected Poetry of Robinson Jeffers (1938), Robinson Jeffers: Selected Poems (1963), Rock and Hawk (1987) and The Wild God of the World (2003).
Reception
The scholar George Hart wrote in 2001: "'Shine, Perishing Republic' stands as an example of Jeffers' free-verse poetics at their most muscular and vital. Against the experimentalism of his Modernist contemporaries, Jeffers demonstrates the power of rhetoric and direct statement to express complex emotion and political protest."
Companion poems
Jeffers wrote two companion pieces in the 1930s. "Shine, Republic" was read at the Library of Congress in an address on freedom. It was published in Scribner's Magazine in November 1935 and in Solstice and Other Poems from the same year. It is included in Selected Poems (1963) and Rock and Hawk (1987). "Shine, Empire", which references Franklin D. Roosevelt and Adolf Hitler, was written prior to the outbreak of World War II and published in Be Angry at the Sun and Other Poems (1941).
These two poems have not attained the same popularity as "Shine, Perishing Republic", but have provoked more controversy. The same naturalizing aloofness, applied in the original poem to the exuberance and decadence of the Jazz Age, is here targeted at the Great Depression and the approaching war, which has led to charges of cruelty and fascist sympathies.
See also
Crisis of the Roman Republic
Cultural pessimism
References
Notes
Sources
Further reading
1925 poems
Poetry by Robinson Jeffers
Works about the United States
Criticism of the United States |
36522812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/23%20July%202012%20Iraq%20attacks | 23 July 2012 Iraq attacks | The 23 July 2012 Iraq attacks were a series of simultaneous, coordinated bombings and shootings that struck the Iraqi security force and Shi'ite Muslim communities. At least 116 people were killed and 299 wounded in the attacks, making them the deadliest attacks in the country since May 2010. The Islamic State of Iraq claimed responsibility for the attacks.
Background
The attacks occurred about seven months following the withdrawal of the United States military forces from the area, leaving the security of the country in the hands of the Iraqi security forces.
Attacks
Numerous attacks were conducted within hours of each other on 23 July 2012 across thirteen different cities in Iraq. Naharnet reported the number of towns and cities attacked as eighteen. The number of attacks, on the other hand, was given to be thirty. Two more attacks occurred late on 23 July 2012, increasing the number of attacks to thirty-two. Rod Nordland stated that the number of attacks was forty. The major targets of the attacks were security forces, government buildings and Shia Muslim neighbourhoods.
The first attack took place on an army base in Saladin Governorate around dawn. In Taji, nearly north of Baghdad, a series of bombs around a number of homes went off simultaneously; as police arrived and residents began searching the wreckage for survivors, a suicide bomber detonated himself, killing more. At least 41 people were killed in this attack, considered the worst of the overall event. A car bomb exploded near a government building in Sadr City in Baghdad, killing 16. At least five car bombs went off in Kirkuk. The insurgents attacked a base in Dhuluiya, killing 15 soldiers. In al-Husseiniya, a predominantly Shiite suburb in northeastern Baghdad and in Mosul, a total of six people were killed in bombing attacks. Explosion in Yarmouk, another neighborhood of Baghdad, killed at least four people and injured another 24. Nearly five people were also killed and 22 or 25 injured when a car bomb exploded near a busy market in Diwaniya. Of all the sites attacked, only Diwaniya is an undisputed Shiite territory. There were checkpoint shootings and bomb blasts in the ethnically mixed Diyala Governorate, resulting in 11 dead and 40 wounded. In the western city of Heet, a car bombing occurred near an army patrol, killing one soldier and injuring 10 others. The other towns and cities suffered from bombings were Saadiya, Khan Beni-Saad, Tuz Khurmatu, Dibis, Samarra and Dujail.
In addition to all these attacks took place daytime, there were two more attacks late in the day. One of these attacks was a car bomb blast near a café in the Shi'ite Ameen district in southeastern Baghdad, killing six men and wounding 24. The second was a roadside bombing near Baquba, a city northeast of Baghdad. The second blast killed three people and injured seven others.
Perpetrators
Though no group claimed responsibility immediately after the killings, the attacks were believed by Iraqi officials, media and specialists to be orchestrated by Al Qaeda, seeking to gain control of the country following the departure of the American forces. An announcement purported to be from Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the current leader of al-Qaeda in Iraq known as the Islamic State of Iraq (ISI), had been broadcast on 21 July 2012; in the announcement, al-Baghdadi declared the intention towards a new offensive to retake the country, a move claimed to be supported by the Sunni population of Iraq. Previous attacks that have targeted the security forces have been attributed to al-Qaeda.
On 25 July 2012, the Islamic State of Iraq posted a statement on radical Islamist websites, indicating that it was responsible for the recent attacks, calling the attacks "Destroying the Walls" campaign. ISI also stated that it was just the start of a "new stage of jihad".
Reactions
Domestic
Iraq – An unnamed official for the current Iraqi government believed the attacks were made by the terrorist group al-Qaeda, as part of a larger scheme to ignite a "bloody sectarian war".
International
Canada – Canada condemned the violence.
France – French president, Francois Hollande, condemned the attacks and stated that his country would stand by Iraq and fully support its efforts to enhance stability and security.
Iran – Tehran and the Iranian Foreign Ministry condemned the attack and expressed its full support to the Iraqi government.
Russia – The Russian Foreign Ministry expressed its condolences to victims' relatives and support for the Iraqi government's measures to "stabilize the situation and boost security" in the country.
Turkey – The Turkish Foreign Ministry condemned the bombings in Iraq and stated that it would maintain the solidarity with the people of Iraq in fighting terrorism.
United Nations – The United Nations mission in Iraq strongly condemned the attacks.
United States – US State Department spokeswoman Victoria Nuland condemned shootings and bomb attacks in Iraq.
References
2012 murders in Iraq
Suicide bombings in 2012
21st-century mass murder in Iraq
Car and truck bombings in Iraq
Islamic terrorist incidents in 2012
Mass murder in 2012
Spree shootings in Iraq
Suicide bombings in Iraq
Terrorist incidents in Iraq in 2012
Violence against Shia Muslims in Iraq
Terrorist incidents in Baghdad
July 2012 events in Iraq |
55681884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blauer | Blauer | Blauer is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Harold Blauer (1910–1953), American tennis player and Project MKUltra experiment subject
Rosalind Blauer (1943–1973), Canadian economist
See also
Lauer
German-language surnames |
360833 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20Herald%20Tribune | New York Herald Tribune | The New York Herald Tribune was a newspaper published between 1924 and 1966. It was created in 1924 when Ogden Mills Reid of the New York Tribune acquired the New York Herald. It was regarded as a "writer's newspaper" and competed with The New York Times in the daily morning market. The paper won twelve Pulitzer Prizes during its lifetime.
A "Republican paper, a Protestant paper and a paper more representative of the suburbs than the ethnic mix of the city", according to one later reporter, the Tribune generally did not match the comprehensiveness of The New York Times coverage. Its national, international and business coverage, however, was generally viewed as among the best in the industry, as was its overall style. At one time or another, the paper's writers included Dorothy Thompson, Red Smith, Roger Kahn, Richard Watts Jr., Homer Bigart, Walter Kerr, Walter Lippmann, St. Clair McKelway, Judith Crist, Dick Schaap, Tom Wolfe, John Steinbeck, and Jimmy Breslin. Editorially, the newspaper was the voice for eastern Republicans, later referred to as Rockefeller Republicans, and espoused a pro-business, internationalist viewpoint.
The paper, first owned by the Reid family, struggled financially for most of its life and rarely generated enough profit for growth or capital improvements; the Reids subsidized the Herald Tribune through the paper's early years. However, it enjoyed prosperity during World War II and by the end of the conflict had pulled close to the Times in ad revenue. A series of disastrous business decisions, combined with aggressive competition from the Times and poor leadership from the Reid family, left the Herald Tribune far behind its rival.
In 1958, the Reids sold the Herald Tribune to John Hay Whitney, a multimillionaire Wall Street investor who was serving as ambassador to the United Kingdom at the time. Under his leadership, the Tribune experimented with new layouts and new approaches to reporting the news and made important contributions to the body of New Journalism that developed in the 1960s. The paper steadily revived under Whitney, but a 114-day newspaper strike stopped the Herald Tribunes gains and ushered in four years of strife with labor unions, particularly the local chapter of the International Typographical Union. Faced with mounting losses, Whitney attempted to merge the Herald Tribune with the New York World-Telegram and the New York Journal-American in the spring of 1966; the proposed merger led to another lengthy strike, and on August 15, 1966, Whitney announced the closure of the Herald Tribune. Combined with investments in the World Journal Tribune, Whitney spent $39.5 million (equivalent to $ in dollars) in his attempts to keep the newspaper alive.
After the New York Herald Tribune closed, the Times and The Washington Post, joined by Whitney, entered an agreement to operate the International Herald Tribune, the paper's former Paris publication. By 1967, the paper was owned jointly by Whitney Communications, The Washington Post and The New York Times. The International Herald Tribune, also known as the "IHT", ceased publication in 2013.
Origins: 1835–1924
New York Herald
The New York Herald was founded on May 6, 1835, by James Gordon Bennett, a Scottish immigrant who came to the United States aged 24. Bennett, a firm Democrat, had established a name in the newspaper business in the 1820s with dispatches sent from Washington, D.C., to the New York Enquirer, most sharply critical of President John Quincy Adams and Secretary of State Henry Clay; one historian called Bennett "the first real Washington reporter". Bennett was also a pioneer in crime reporting; while writing about a murder trial in 1830, the attorney general of Massachusetts attempted to restrict the coverage of the newspapers: Bennett criticized the move as an "old, worm-eaten, Gothic dogma of the Court...to consider the publicity given to every event by the Press, as destructive to the interests of law and justice". The fight over access eventually overshadowed the trial itself.
Bennett founded the New York Globe in 1832 to promote the re-election of Andrew Jackson to the White House, but the paper quickly folded after the election. After a few years of journalistic piecework, he founded the Herald in 1835 as a penny newspaper, similar in some respects to Benjamin Day's Sun but with a strong emphasis on crime and financial coverage; the Herald "carried the most authentic and thorough list of market prices published anywhere; for these alone it commanded attention in financial circles". Bennett, who wrote much of the newspaper himself, "perfected the fresh, pointed prose practiced in the French press at its best". The publisher's coverage of the 1836 murder of Helen Jewett—which, for the first time in the American press, included excerpts from the murder victim's correspondence—made Bennett "the best known, if most notorious…journalist in the country".
Bennett put his profits back into his newspaper, establishing a Washington bureau and recruiting correspondents in Europe to provide the "first systematic foreign coverage" in an American newspaper. By 1839, the Heralds circulation exceeded that of The London Times. When the Mexican–American War broke out in 1846, the Herald assigned a reporter to the conflict—the only newspaper in New York to do so—and used the telegraph, then a new technology, to not only beat competitors with news but provide Washington policymakers with the first reports from the conflict. During the American Civil War, Bennett kept at least 24 correspondents in the field, opened a Southern desk and had reporters comb the hospitals to develop lists of casualties and deliver messages from the wounded to their families.
New-York Tribune
The New-York Tribune was founded by Horace Greeley in 1841. Greeley, a native of New Hampshire, had begun publishing a weekly paper called The New-Yorker (unrelated to the magazine of the same name) in 1834, which won attention for its political reporting and editorials. Joining the Whig Party, Greeley published The Jeffersonian, which helped elect William H. Seward Governor of New York State in 1838, and then the Log Cabin, which advocated for the election of William Henry Harrison in the 1840 presidential election, attained a circulation of 80,000 and turned a small profit.
With Whigs in power, Greeley saw the opportunity to launch a daily penny newspaper for their constituency. The New-York Tribune launched on April 10, 1841. Unlike the Herald or the Sun, it generally shied about from graphic crime coverage; Greeley saw his newspaper as having a moral mission to uplift society, and frequently focused his energies on the newspaper's editorials—"weapons…in a ceaseless war to improve society"—and political coverage. While a lifelong opponent of slavery and, for time, a proponent of socialism, Greeley's attitudes were never exactly fixed: "The result was a potpourri of philosophical inconsistencies and contradictions that undermined Greeley's effectiveness as both logician and polemicist." However, his moralism appealed to rural America; with six months of beginning the Tribune, Greeley combined The New-Yorker and The Log Cabin into a new publication, the Weekly Tribune. The weekly version circulated nationwide, serving as a digest of news melded with agriculture tips. Offering prizes like strawberry plants and gold pens to salesmen, the Weekly Tribune reached a circulation of 50,000 within 10 years, outpacing the Heralds weekly edition.
The Tribune's ranks included Henry Raymond, who later founded The New York Times, and Charles Dana, who would later edit and partly own The Sun for nearly three decades. Dana served as second-in-command to Greeley, but Greeley abruptly fired him in 1862, after years of personality conflicts between the two men. Raymond, who felt he was "overused and underpaid" as a reporter on the Tribune staff, later served in the New York State Assembly and, with the backing of bankers in Albany, founded the Times in 1851, which quickly became a rival for the Whig readership that Greeley cultivated.
After the Civil War, Bennett turned over daily operations of the Herald to his son James Gordon Bennett Jr., and lived in seclusion until his death in 1872. That year, Greeley, who had been an early supporter of the Republican Party, had called for reconciliation of North and South following the war and criticized Radical Reconstruction. Gradually becoming disenchanted with Ulysses S. Grant, Greeley became the surprise nominee of the Liberal Republican faction of the party (and the Democrats) in the 1872 presidential election. The editor had left daily operations of the Tribune to his protege, Whitelaw Reid; he attempted to resume his job after the election, but was badly hurt by a piece (intended humorously) that said Greeley's defeat would chase political office seekers from the Tribune and allow the staff to "manage our own newspaper without being called aside every hour to help lazy people whom we don't know and…benefit people who don't deserve assistance". The piece was widely (and incorrectly) attributed to Greeley as a sign of bitterness at the outcome; Reid refused to print Greeley's furious disclaimer of the story, and by the end of the month, Greeley had died.
Decline under second generation
Both newspapers went into gradual decline under their new proprietors. James Gordon Bennett Jr.—"a swaggering, precociously dissolute lout who rarely stifled an impulse"—had a mercurial reign. He launched the New York Telegram, an evening paper, in the late 1860s and kept the Herald the most comprehensive source of news among the city's newspapers. Bennett also bankrolled Henry Morton Stanley's trek through Africa to find David Livingstone, and scooped the competition on the Battle of Little Big Horn. However, Bennett ruled his paper with a heavy hand, telling his executives at one point that he was the "only reader of this paper": "I am the only one to be pleased. If I want it turned upside down, it must be turned upside down. I want one feature article a day. If I say the feature is black beetles, black beetles it's going to be." In 1874, the Herald ran the infamous New York Zoo hoax, where the front page of the newspaper was devoted entirely to a fabricated story of animals getting loose at the Central Park Zoo.
Whitelaw Reid, who won control of the Tribune in part due to the likely assistance of financier Jay Gould, turned the newspaper into an orthodox Republican organ, wearing "its stubborn editorial and typographical conservatism…as a badge of honor". Reid's hostility to labor led him to bankroll Ottmar Mergenthaler's development of the linotype machine in 1886, which quickly spread throughout the industry. However, his day-to-day involvement in the operations of the Tribune declined after 1888, when he was appointed Minister to France and largely focused on his political career; Reid even missed a large-scale 50th anniversary party for the Tribune in 1891. Despite this, the paper remained profitable due to an educated and wealthy readership that attracted advertisers.
The Herald was the largest circulation newspaper in New York City until 1884. Joseph Pulitzer, who came from St. Louis and purchased the New York World in 1882, aggressively marketed a mix of crime stories and social reform editorials to a predominantly immigrant audience, and saw his circulation quickly surpass those of more established publishers. Bennett, who had moved permanently to Paris in 1877 after publicly urinating in the fireplace or piano of his fiancée's parents (the exact location differed in witnesses' memories) spent the Heralds still sizable profits on his own lifestyle, and the Herald's circulation stagnated. Bennett respected Pulitzer, and even ran an editorial praising the publisher of The World after health problems forced him to relinquish the editorship of the paper in 1890. However, he despised William Randolph Hearst, who purchased the New York Journal in 1895 and attempted to ape Pulitzer's methods in a more sensationalistic manner. The challenge of The World and the Journal spurred Bennett to revitalize the paper; the Herald competed keenly with both papers during coverage of the Spanish–American War, providing "the soundest, fairest coverage…(of) any American newspaper", sending circulation over 500,000.
The Tribune largely relied on wire copy for its coverage of the conflict. Reid, who helped negotiate the treaty that ended the war had by 1901 become completely disengaged from the Tribunes daily operations. The paper was no longer profitable, and the Reids largely viewed the paper as a "private charity case". By 1908, the Tribune was losing $2,000 a week. In an article about New York City's daily newspapers that year, The Atlantic Monthly found the newspaper's "financial pages … execrable, its news columns readable but utterly commonplace, and its rubber-stamping of Republican policies (making) it the last sheet in town operated as a servant of party machinery".
The Herald also saw its reputation for comprehensiveness challenged by the Times, purchased by Chattanooga Times publisher Adolph Ochs in 1896, a few weeks before the paper would have likely closed its doors. Ochs, turning the once-Republican Times into an independent Democratic newspaper, refocused the newspaper's coverage on commerce, quickly developing a reputation as the "businessman's bible". When the Times began turning a profit in 1899, Ochs began reinvesting the profits make into the newspaper toward news coverage, quickly giving the Times the reputation as the most complete newspaper in the city. Bennett, who viewed the Herald as a means of supporting his lifestyle, did not make serious moves to expand the newspaper's newsgathering operations, and allowed the paper's circulation to fall well below 100,000 by 1912.
Revival of the Tribune, fall of the Herald
The Herald suffered a fatal blow in 1907. Bennett, his hatred for the Journal owner unabated, attacked Hearst's campaigns for Congress in 1902, and his run for governor of New York in 1906. The Heralds coverage of Hearst's gubernatorial campaign was particularly vicious, as Bennett ordered his reporters to publish every negative item about Hearst's past that they could. Hearst, seeking revenge, sent a reporter to investigate the Heralds personal columns, which ran in the front of the paper and, in veiled language, advertised the service of prostitutes; reporters referred to it as "The Whores' Daily Guide and Handy Compendium." The resulting investigation, published in the Journal, led to Bennett's conviction on charges of sending obscene matter through the mails. The publisher was ordered to pay a $25,000 fine—Bennett paid it in $1,000 bills—and the Herald "suffered a blow in prestige and circulation from which it never really recovered".
Whitelaw Reid died in 1912 and was succeeded as publisher by his son, Ogden Mills Reid. The younger Reid, an "affable but lackluster person," began working at the Tribune in 1908 as a reporter and won the loyalty of the staff with his good nature and eagerness to learn. Quickly moved through the ranks—he became managing editor in 1912—Reid oversaw the Tribunes thorough coverage of the sinking of the Titanic, ushering a revival of the newspaper's fortunes. While the paper continued to lose money, and was saved from bankruptcy only by the generosity of Elisabeth Mills Reid, Ogden's mother., the younger Reid encouraged light touches at the previously somber Tribune, creating an environment where "the windows were opened and the suffocating solemnity of the place was aired out". Under Reid's tenure the Tribune lobbied for legal protection for journalists culminating in the U.S. Supreme Court case Burdick v. United States. In 1917, the Tribune redesigned its layout and became the first American newspaper to use the Bodoni font for headlines. The font gave a "decided elegance" to the Tribune and was soon adopted by magazines and other newspapers, including The Washington Post, The Boston Globe and the Miami Herald. The Tribune developed a reputation for typographical excellence it would maintain for more than four decades. Reid, who inherited a newspaper whose circulation may have fallen to 25,000 daily—no higher than the circulation in 1872—saw the Tribune's readership jump to about 130,000 by 1924.
Reid's wife, Helen Rogers Reid, took charge of the newspaper's advertising department in 1919. Helen Reid, "who believed in the newspaper the way a religious person believes in God", reorganized the faltering department, aggressively pursuing advertisers and selling them on the "wealth, position and power" of the Tribunes readership. In her first two years on the job, the Tribunes annual advertising revenues jumped from $1.7 million to $4.3 million, "with circulation responsible for no more than 10 percent of the increase". Reid's efforts helped cut the newspaper's dependence on subsidies from the family fortune and pushed it toward a paying track. Reid also encouraged the development of women's features at the newspaper, the hiring of female writers, and helped establish a "home institute" that tested recipes and household products.
The Heralds decline continued in the new decade. With the outbreak of World War I, Bennett devoted most of his attention to the Paris Herald, doing his first newspaper reporting at the age of 73 and keeping the publication alive despite wartime censorship. The New York paper, however, was in freefall, and posted a loss in 1917. The next year, Bennett died, having taken some $30 million out of the lifetime profits of the Herald. Two years later, the Herald newspapers were sold to Frank Munsey for $3 million.
Munsey had won the enmity of many journalists with his buying, selling and consolidation of newspapers, and the Herald became part of Munsey's moves. The publisher merged the morning Sun (which he had purchased in 1916) into the Herald and attempted to revive the newspaper through his financial resources, hoping to establish the Herald as the pre-eminent Republican newspaper within the city. To achieve that end, he approached Elisabeth Mills Reid in early 1924 with a proposal to purchase the Tribune—the only other Republican newspaper in New York—and merge it with the Herald. The elder Reid refused to sell, saying only that she would buy the Herald. The two sides negotiated through the winter and spring. Munsey approached Ogden Reid with a proposal to swap the profitable evening Sun with the Tribune, which Reid refused. The Reids countered with an offer of $5 million for the Herald and the Paris Herald, which Munsey agreed to on March 17, 1924.
The move surprised the journalism community, which had expected Munsey to purchase the Tribune. The Herald management informed its staff of the sale in a brief note posted on a bulletin board; reading it, one reporter remarked "Jonah just swallowed the whale".
The merged paper, which published its first edition on March 19, was named the New York Herald New York Tribune until May 31, 1926, when the more familiar New York Herald Tribune was substituted. Apart from the Heralds radio magazine, weather listings and other features, "the merged paper was, with very few changes, the Tribune intact". Only 25 Herald reporters were hired after the merger; 600 people lost their jobs. Within a year, the new paper's circulation reached 275,000.
New York Herald Tribune: 1924–1946
1924–1940: Social journalism and mainstream Republicanism
The newly merged paper was not immediately profitable, but Helen Reid's reorganization of the business side of the paper, combined with an increasing reputation as a "newspaperman's newspaper", led the Herald Tribune to post a profit of nearly $1.5 million in 1929, as circulation climbed over the 300,000 mark. The onset of the Great Depression, however, wiped out the profits. In 1931, the Herald Tribune lost $650,000 (equivalent to approximately $ in dollars), and the Reid family was once again forced to subsidize the newspaper. By 1933, the Herald Tribune turned a profit of $300,000, and would stay in the black for the next 20 years, without ever making enough money for significant growth or reinvestment.
Through the 1930s Ogden Reid often stayed late at Bleeck's, a popular hangout for Herald Tribune reporters.; by 1945, Tribune historian Richard Kluger wrote, Reid was struggling with alcoholism. The staff considered the Herald Tribunes owner "kindly and likable, if deficient in intelligence and enterprise". Helen Reid increasingly took on the major leadership responsibilities at the newspaper—a fact Time noted in a 1934 cover story. Reid, angered, called her husband "the most independent-minded man I have ever met", to which Time replied that "it is Mrs. Reid who often helps that independent mind make itself up".
Editorially, the newspaper thrived, winning its first Pulitzer Prize for reporting in 1930 for Leland Stowe's coverage of the Second Reparations Conference on German reparations for World War I, where the Young Plan was developed. Stanley Walker, who became the newspaper's city editor in 1928, pushed his staff (which briefly included Joseph Mitchell) to write in a clear, lively style, and pushed the Herald Tribunes local coverage "to a new kind of social journalism that aimed at capturing the temper and feel of the city, its moods and fancies, changes or premonitions of change in its manners, customs, taste, and thought—daily helpings of what amounted to urban anthropology". The Herald Tribunes editorials remained conservative—"a spokesman for and guardian of mainstream Republicanism"—but the newspaper also hired columnist Walter Lippmann, seen at the time as a liberal, after The World closed its doors in 1931. Unlike other pro-Republican papers, such as Hearst's New York Journal-American or the Chicago Tribune-owned New York Daily News, which held an isolationist and pro-German stance, the Herald Tribune was more supportive of the British and the French as the specter of World War II developed, a similar stance was approached by the Sun and the World-Telegram, the latter of them also having an ardently liberal past as a Pulitzer newspaper.
Financially, the paper continued to stay out of the red, but long-term trouble was on the horizon. After Elisabeth Mills Reid died in 1931—after having given the paper $15 million over her lifetime—it was discovered that the elder Reid had treated the subsidies as loans, not capital investments. The notes on the paper were willed to Ogden Reid and his sister, Lady Jean Templeton Reid Ward. The notes amounted to a mortgage on the Herald Tribune, which prevented the newspaper from acquiring bank loans or securing public financing. Financial advisors at the newspaper advised the Reids to convert the notes into equity, which the family resisted. This decision would play a major role in the Reids' sale of the Herald Tribune in 1958.
Seeking to cut costs during the Recession of 1937, the newspaper's management decided to consolidate its foreign coverage under Laurence Hills, who had been appointed editor of the Paris Herald by Frank Munsey in 1920 and kept the paper profitable. But Hills had fascist sympathies—the Paris Herald was alone among American newspapers in having "ad columns sprout(ing) with swastikas and fasces—and was more interested in cutting costs than producing journalism. "It is no longer the desire even to attempt to run parallel with The New York Times in special dispatches from Europe," Hills wrote in a memo to the Herald Tribunes foreign bureaus in late 1937. "Crisp cables of human interest or humorous type cables are greatly appreciated. Big beats in Europe these days are not very likely." The policy effectively led the Herald Tribune to surrender the edge in foreign reporting to its rival.
The Herald Tribune strongly supported Wendell Willkie for the Republican nomination in the 1940 presidential election; Willkie's managers made sure the newspaper's endorsement was placed in each delegate's seat at the 1940 Republican National Convention. The Herald Tribune continued to provide a strong voice for Willkie (who was having an affair with literary editor Irita Van Doren) through the election. Dorothy Thompson, then a columnist at the paper, openly supported Franklin Roosevelt's re-election and was eventually forced to resign.
World War II
Historians of The New York Times—including Gay Talese, Susan Tifft and Alex S. Jones—have argued that the Times, faced with newsprint rationing during World War II, decided to increase its news coverage at the expense of its advertising, while the Herald Tribune chose to run more ads, trading short-term profit for long-term difficulties. In The Kingdom and the Power, Talese's 1969 book about the Times, Talese wrote "the additional space that The Times was able to devote to war coverage instead of advertising was, in the long run, a very profitable decision: The Times lured many readers away from the Tribune, and these readers stayed with The Times after the war into the Nineteen-fifties and Sixties". Although The New York Times had the most comprehensive coverage of any American newspaper—the newspaper put 55 correspondents in the field, including drama critic Brooks Atkinson—its news budget fell from $3.8 million in 1940 to $3.7 million in 1944; the paper did not significantly expand its number of newsroom employees between 1937 and 1945 and its ad space, far from declining, actually increased during the conflict and was consistently ahead of the Herald Tribunes. Between 1941 and 1945, advertising space in the Times increased from 42.58 percent of the paper to 49.68 percent, while the Tribune saw its ad space increase from 37.58 percent to 49.32 percent. In 1943 and 1944, more than half the Times went to advertising, a percentage the Herald Tribune did not meet until after the war. However, because the Tribune was generally a smaller paper than the Times and saw its ad space jump more, "the proportionate increase in the Tribune seemed greater than it was in absolute terms. The evidence that this disproportionate increase in the Tribunes advertising content left its readers feeling deprived of war news coverage and sent them in droves to the Times is, at best, highly ambiguous."
The Herald Tribune always had at least a dozen correspondents in the field, the most famous of whom was Homer Bigart. Allowing wire services to write "big picture" stories, Bigart—who covered the Anzio Campaign, the Battle of Iwo Jima and the Battle of Okinawa—focused instead on writing about tactical operations conducted by small units and individual soldiers, in order to "bring a dimension of reality and understanding to readers back home". Frequently risking his life to get the stories, Bigart was highly valued by his peers and the military, and won the 1945 Pulitzer Prize.
By the end of the conflict, the Herald Tribune had enjoyed some of its best financial years in its history. While the newspaper had just 63 percent of its rival's daily circulation (and 70 percent of the Sunday circulation of The Times), its high-income readership gave the paper nearly 85 percent of The New York Times overall ad revenue, and had made $2 million a year between 1942 and 1945. In 1946, the Herald Tribunes Sunday circulation hit an all-time peak of 708,754.
Decline: 1947–1958
Pressure from the Times
The Herald Tribune began a decline shortly after World War II that had several causes. The Reid family was long accustomed to resolve shortfalls at the newspaper with subsidies from their fortune, rather than improved business practices, seeing the paper "as a hereditary possession to be sustained as a public duty rather than developed as a profit-making opportunity". With its generally marginal profitability, the Herald Tribune had few opportunities to reinvest in its operations as the Times did, and the Reids' mortgage on the newspaper made it difficult to raise outside cash for needed capital improvements.
After another profitable year in 1946, Bill Robinson, the Herald Tribunes business manager, decided to reinvest the profits to make needed upgrades to the newspaper's pressroom. The investment squeezed the paper's resources, and Robinson decided to make up the difference at the end of the year by raising the Tribunes price from three cents to a nickel, expecting the Times, which also needed to upgrade its facilities, to do the same. However, the Times, concerned by the Tribunes performance during the war, refused to go along. "We didn't want to give them any quarter," Times circulation manager Nathan Goldstein said. "Our numbers were on the rise, and we didn't want to do anything to jeopardize them. 'No free rides for the competition' was the way we looked at it." The move proved disastrous: In 1947, the Tribunes daily circulation fell nine percent, from 348,626 to 319,867. Its Sunday circulation fell four percent, from 708,754 to 680,691. Although the overall percentage of advertising for the paper was higher than it was in 1947, the Times was still higher: 58 percent of the average space in The New York Times in 1947 was devoted to advertising, versus a little over 50 percent of the Tribune. The Times would not raise its price until 1950.
Ogden Reid died early in 1947, making Helen Reid leader of the Tribune in name as well as in fact. Reid chose her son, Whitelaw Reid, known as "Whitie", as editor. The younger Reid had written for the newspaper and done creditable work covering the London Blitz, but had not been trained for the duties of his position and was unable to provide forceful leadership for the newspaper. The Tribune also failed to keep pace with the Times in its facilities: While both papers had about the same level of profits between 1947 and 1950, the Times was heavily reinvesting money in its plant and hiring new employees. The Tribune, meanwhile, with Helen Reid's approval, cut $1 million from its budgets and fired 25 employees on the news side, reducing its foreign and crime coverage. Robinson was dismissive of the circulation lead of the Times, saying in a 1948 memo that 75,000 of its rival's readers were "transients" who only read the wanted ads.
The Times also began to push the Tribune hard in suburbs, where the Tribune had previously enjoyed a commanding lead. At the urging of Goldstein, Times editors added features to appeal to commuters, expanded (and in some cases subsidized) home delivery, and paid retail display allowances—"kickbacks, in common parlance"—to the American News Company, the controller of many commuter newsstands, to achieve prominent display. Tribune executives were not blind to the challenge, but the economy drive at the paper undercut efforts to adequately compete. The newspaper fell into the red in 1951. The Herald Tribunes losses reached $700,000 in 1953, and Robinson resigned late that year.
Leadership changes
The paper distinguished itself in its coverage of the Korean War; Bigart and Marguerite Higgins, who engaged in a fierce rivalry, shared a Pulitzer Prize with Chicago Daily News correspondent Keyes Beech and three other reporters in 1951. The Tribunes cultural criticism was also prominent: John Crosby's radio and television column was syndicated in 29 newspapers by 1949, and Walter Kerr began a successful three-decade career as a Broadway reviewer at the Tribune in 1951. However, the paper's losses were continuing to mount. Whitelaw Reid was gradually replaced by his brother, Ogden R. Reid, nicknamed "Brown", to take charge of the paper. As president and publisher of the paper, Brown Reid tried to interject an energy his brother lacked and reach out to new audiences. In that spirit, the Tribune ran a promotion called "Tangle Towns", where readers were invited to unscramble the names of jumbled up town and city names in exchange for prizes. Reid also gave more prominent play to crime and entertainment stories. Much of the staff, including Whitelaw Reid, felt there was too much focus on circulation at the expense of the paper's editorial standards, but the promotions initially worked, boosting its weekday circulation to over 400,000.
Reid's ideas, however, "were prosaic in the extreme". His promotions included printing the sports section on green newsprint and a pocket-sized magazine for television listings that initially stopped the Sunday paper's circulation skid, but proved an empty product. The Tribune turned a profit in 1956, but the Times was rapidly outpacing it in news content, circulation, and ad revenue. The promotions largely failed to hold on to the Tribunes new audiences; the Sunday edition began to slide again and the paper fell into the red in 1957. Through the decade, the Tribune was the only newspaper in the city to see its share of ad lineage drop, and longtime veterans of the paper, including Bigart, began departing. The Reids, who had by now turned their mortgage into stock, began seeking buyers to infuse the Tribune with cash, turning to John Hay "Jock" Whitney, whose family had a long association with the Reids. Whitney, recently named ambassador to Great Britain, had chaired Dwight Eisenhower's fundraising campaigns in 1952 and 1956 and was looking for something else to engage him beyond his largely ceremonial role in Great Britain. Whitney, who "did not want the Tribune to die", gave the newspaper $1.2 million over the objections of his investment advisors, who had doubts about the newspaper's viability. The loan came with the option to take controlling interest of the newspaper if he made a second loan of $1.3 million. Brown Reid expected the $1.2 million to cover a deficit that would last through the end of 1958, but by that year the newspaper's loss was projected at $3 million, and Whitney and his advisors decided to exercise their option. The Reids, claiming to have put $20 million into the newspaper since the 1924 merger initially attempted to keep editorial control of the paper, but Whitney made it clear he would not invest additional money in the Tribune if the Reids remained at the helm. The family yielded, and Helen, Whitie and Brown Reid announced Whitney's takeover of the newspaper on August 28, 1958. The Reids retained a substantial stake in the Tribune until its demise, but Whitney and his advisors controlled the paper.
The Whitney Era: 1958–1966
"Who says a good newspaper has to be dull?"
Whitney initially left management of the newspaper to Walter Thayer, a longtime advisor. Thayer did not believe the Tribune was a financial investment—"it was a matter of 'let's set it up so that (Whitney) can do it if this is what he wants"—but moved to build a "hen house" of media properties to protect Whitney's investment and provide money for the Tribune. Over the next two years, Whitney's firm acquired Parade, five television stations and four radio stations. The properties, merged into a new company called Whitney Communications Corporation, proved profitable, but executives chafed at subsidizing the Tribune.
Thayer also looked for new leadership for the newspaper. In 1961—the same year Whitney returned to New York—the Tribune hired John Denson, a Newsweek editor and native of Louisiana who was "a critical mass of intensity and irascibility relieved by interludes of amiability." Denson had helped raise Newsweek's circulation by 50 percent during his tenure, in part through innovative layouts and graphics, and he brought the same approach to the Tribune. Denson "swept away the old front-page architecture, essentially vertical in structure" and laid out stories horizontally, with unorthodox and sometimes cryptic headlines; large photos and information boxes. The "Densonized" front page sparked a mixed reaction from media professionals and within the newspaper—Tribune copy editor John Price called it "silly but expert silliness" and Time called the new front page "all overblown pictures (and) klaxon headlines"—but the newspaper's circulation jumped in 1961 and those within the Tribune said "the alternative seemed to be the death of the newspaper." The Tribune also launched an ad campaign targeting the Times with the slogan "Who says a good newspaper has to be dull?"
The Tribunes revival came as the Times was bringing on new leadership and facing financial trouble of its own. While the Times picked up 220,000 readers during the 1950s, its profits declined to $348,000 by 1960 due to the costs of an international edition and investments into the newspaper. A western edition of the newspaper, launched in 1961 by new publisher Orvil Dryfoos in an attempt to build the paper's national audience, also proved to be a drain and the Times profits fell to $59,802 by the end of 1961. While the Times outdistanced its rival in circulation and ad lineage, the Tribune continued to draw a sizeable amount of advertising, due to its wealthy readership. The Times management watched the Tribunes changes with "uneasy contempt for their debasement of classic Tribune craftmanship but also with grudging admiration for their catchiness and shrewdness." Times managing editor Turner Catledge began visiting the city room of his newspaper to read the early edition of the Tribune and sometimes responded with changes, though he ultimately decided Denson's approach would be unsuccessful. But the financial challenges both papers faced led Dryfoos, Thayer, and previous Times publisher Arthur Hays Sulzberger to discuss a possible merger of the Times and the Tribune, a project codenamed "Canada" at the Times.
Denson's approaches to the front page often required expensive work stoppages to redo the front page, which increased expenses and drew concern from Whitney and Thayer. Denson also had a heavy-handed approach to the newsroom that led some to question his stability, and led him to clash with Thayer. Denson left the Tribune in October 1962 after Thayer attempted to move the nightly lockup of the newspaper to managing editor James Bellows. But Denson's approach would continue at the paper. Daily circulation at the Tribune reached an all-time high of 412,000 in November, 1962.
Labor unrest, New Journalism
The New York newspaper industry came to an abrupt halt on December 8, 1962, when the local of the International Typographical Union, led by Bert Powers, walked off the job, leading to the 114-day 1962–63 New York City newspaper strike. The ITU, known as "Big Six", represented 3,800 printers, as well as workers at 600 printshops and 28 publications in the city but, like other newspaper unions, had taken a backseat to the Newspaper Guild (which had the largest membership among the unions) in contract negotiations. This arrangement began to fray in the 1950s, as the craft unions felt the Guild was too inclined to accept publishers' offers without concern for those who did the manual work of printing. Powers wanted to call a strike to challenge the Guild's leadership and thrust ITU to the fore.
New technology was also a concern for management and labor. Teletypesetting (TTS), introduced in the 1950s, was used by The Wall Street Journal and promised to be far more efficient than the linotype machines still used by theTribune and most other New York newspapers. TTS required less skill than the complex linotype machines, and publishers wanted to automate to save money. ITU was not necessarily opposed to TTS—it trained its members on the new equipment—but wanted to control the rate at which automation occurred; assurances that TTS operators would be paid at the same rates as linotype workers; that at least a portion of the savings from publishers would go toward union pension plans (to allow funding to continue as the workforce and union membership declined) and guarantees that no printer would lose their job as a result of the new technology. Publishers were willing to protect jobs and reduce the workforce through attrition, but balked at what they viewed as "tribute payments" to the unions. After nearly a five-month strike, the unions and the publishers reached an agreement in March, 1963—in which the unions won a weekly worker wage and benefit increase of $12.63 and largely forestalled automation—and the city's newspapers resumed publication on April 1, 1963.
The strike added new costs to all newspapers, and increased the Tribunes losses to $4.2 million while slashing its circulation to 282,000. Dryfoos died of a heart ailment shortly after the strike and was replaced as Times publisher by Arthur Ochs Sulzberger, who ended merger talks with the Tribune because "it just didn't make any long-term sense to me." The paper also lost long-established talent, including Marguerite Higgins, Earl Mazo and Washington bureau chief Robert Donovan. Whitney, however, remained committed to the Tribune, and promoted James Bellows to editor of the newspaper. Bellows kept Denson's format but "eliminated features that lacked substance or sparkle" while promoting new talent, including movie critic Judith Crist and Washington columnists Robert Novak and Rowland Evans.
From 1963 until its demise, the Tribune published a weekly magazine supplement titled Book Week; Susan Sontag published two early essays there. The Tribune also began experimenting with an approach to news that later was referred to as the New Journalism. National editor Dick Wald wrote in one memo "there is no mold for a newspaper story," and Bellows encouraged his reporters to work "in whatever style made them comfortable." Tom Wolfe, who joined the paper after working at The Washington Post, wrote lengthy features about city life; asking an editor how long his pieces should be, he received the reply "until it gets boring." Bellows soon moved Wolfe to the Tribunes new Sunday magazine, New York, edited by Clay Felker. Bellows also prominently featured Jimmy Breslin in the columns of the Tribune, as well as writer Gail Sheehy.
Editorially, the newspaper remained in the liberal Republican camp, both strongly anti-communist, pro-business, and supportive of civil rights. In April 1963, the Tribune published the "Letter from Birmingham Jail", written by Martin Luther King Jr., on its front page. The Tribune became a target of Barry Goldwater partisans in the 1964 presidential campaign. The leadership of the Tribune, while agreeing with Goldwater's approach to national defense, believed he pushed it to an extreme, and strongly opposed Goldwater's voting record on civil rights. After some internal debate, the Tribune endorsed Democrat Lyndon Johnson for the presidency that fall. The newspaper's editorial support also played a role in the election of New York City Mayor John Lindsay, a liberal Republican, in 1965.
Attempted JOA and the death of the Tribune
Whitney supported the changes at the Tribune but they did not help the newspaper's bottom line. A survey of readers of the newspaper in late 1963 found that readers "appreciated the Tribunes innovations, (but) the Times still plainly ranked as the prestige paper in the New York field, based mostly on its completeness." Whitney himself was popular with the staff—Breslin called him "the only millionaire I ever rooted for"—and once burst out of his office wondering why the Tribune failed to sell more copies when "there's compelling reading on every page." But a second strike in 1965—which led the Tribune to leave the publishers' association in a desperate attempt to survive—pushed the Tribune's losses to $5 million and led Thayer to conclude the newspaper could no longer survive on its own.
In 1966, Whitney and Thayer attempted to organize what would have been New York's first joint operating agreement (JOA) with the Hearst-owned New York Journal American and the Scripps-owned New York World-Telegram and Sun. Under the proposed agreement, the Herald Tribune would have continued publication as the morning partner and the Journal-American and World-Telegram would merge as the World Journal, an afternoon paper. All three would publish a Sunday edition called the World Journal Tribune. The newspapers would have maintained their own editorial voices (all three of which tended to be conservative). On paper, the JOA, which would have taken effect April 25, 1966, would have led to profits of $4 million to $5 million annually, but would have also led to the loss of 1,764 out of 4,598 employees at the papers. The Newspaper Guild, concerned about the possible job losses, said the new newspaper would have to negotiate a new contract with the union; the publishers refused. The day the JOA was supposed to go into effect, the Guild struck the newly merged newspaper (the Times continued to publish).
The strike, which dragged into August, sealed the Tribunes fate. Half the editorial staff left the newspaper for new jobs during the strike. That summer, Bellows wrote to Matt Meyer, the head of the new company, that it would be "almost impossible—with the present staff—to publish a Herald Tribune I would be proud to be the editor of, or be able to compete with successfully in the morning field." On August 13, with the strike still going on, the management decided to end publication of the Tribune, which Whitney announced in the ninth-floor auditorium of the Tribune building on August 15. "I know we gave something good to our city while we published and I know it will be a loss to journalism in this country as we cease publication," Whitney said. "I am glad that we never tried to cheapen it in any way, that we have served as a conscience and a valuable opposition. I am sorry that it had to end."
The Tribunes demise hastened a settlement of the strike. Discontinued as a morning paper, the Tribune name was added to the afternoon publication and on September 12, 1966, the new World Journal Tribune published its first issue. "It was not a bad paper, but it was a misbegotten thing" according to Tribune historian Richard Kluger, and featured many Tribune writers, including Wolfe, Breslin, Kerr and columnist Dick Schaap, and incorporated New York as its Sunday magazine. The first weeks' editions were dominated by the input of the Hearst and Scripps papers, but after a time, the "Widget" (as the merged publication was nicknamed) took on the appearance and style of the late-era Tribune. The World Journal Tribune reached a circulation near 700,000—fourth-largest for American evening newspapers at the time—but had high overhead costs and relatively little advertising. Whitney eventually withdrew support for the newspaper, but Scripps and Hearst continued to back it until the paper folded on May 5, 1967.
Following the collapse of the World Journal Tribune, The New York Times and The Washington Post became joint owners with Whitney of the Herald Tribunes European edition, the International Herald Tribune, which is still published under full ownership by the Times, which bought out the Post holdings in 2003 and changed the paper's name to the International New York Times in 2013. In 1968, New York editor Clay Felker organized a group of investors who bought the name and rights to New York, and successfully revived the weekly as an independent magazine.
Book and Author Luncheon
From 1938 to 1966, the Herald Tribune participated in the American Booksellers Association's popular Book and Author Luncheons. The luncheons were held eight times per year at the Waldorf Astoria and were hosted by the Herald Tribunes literary editor, Irita Bradford Van Doren. Van Doren also selected its guests, typically three per event, who included Jane Jacobs, Vladimir Nabokov, Robert Moses, Rachel Carson, and John Kenneth Galbraith, among others. Radio broadcasts of the luncheon aired on WNYC from 1948 to 1968 (two years after the Herald Tribunes demise).
New York Herald Tribune Syndicate
The New York Herald Tribune Syndicate distributed comic strips and newspaper columns. The syndicate dates back to at least 1914, when it was part of the New York Tribune. The Syndicate's most notable strips were Clare Briggs' Mr. and Mrs., Harry Haenigsen's Our Bill, and Penny, Mell Lazarus' Miss Peach, and Johnny Hart's B.C. Syndicated columns included Weare Holbrook's "Soundings" and John Crosby's radio and television column.
In 1963, Herald Tribune publisher John Hay Whitney (who also owned the Chicago-based Field Enterprises) acquired the Chicago-based Publishers Syndicate, merging Publishers' existing syndication operations with the New York Herald Tribune Syndicate, Field's Chicago Sun-Times Syndicate, and the syndicate of the Chicago Daily News (a newspaper that had been acquired by Field Enterprises in 1959).
In 1966, when the New York Herald Tribune folded, Publishers Syndicate inherited the New York Herald Tribune Syndicate strips, including B.C., Miss Peach, and Penny.
European edition
The merger that created the Herald Tribune in 1924 also included bringing along the European edition of the New York Herald, commonly known as the Paris Herald, an edition that was produced in Paris and had an established reputation.
For a while after 1924, the front-page masthead retained the title The New York Herald, with the subtitle European Edition Of The New York Herald Tribune. This was in part to avoid confusion with the European edition of the Chicago Tribune, which was a competitor publication; this was resolved in 1934 when the owners of the Herald Tribune bought the European edition of the Chicago paper. The merger became effective December 1, 1934. Subsequently the masthead carried the full New York Herald Tribune title, with the subtitle European Edition. In any case, throughout its lifetime, the European edition was often referred to as the Paris Herald Tribune, or just the Paris Herald.
In the pre-World War II years the European edition was known for its feature stories. The edition looked positively on the emergence of European fascism, cheering on the Italian invasion of Ethiopia as well as the German remilitarization of the Rhineland and annexation of Austria and calling for a fascist party to exist in the United States.
This carried on until April 1939, when the New York paper required the Paris one to hew to its editorial line. The European edition was the last newspaper to publish in Paris before the city fell in June 1940.
Following the liberation of Paris four years later, it resumed publication on December 22, 1944. In the years after the war, it was initially profitable, then not, then did better again when it began publishing the first columns by humorist Art Buchwald, who subsequently became a popular syndicated columnist. Later, the European edition took on more serious reporting while also employing what has been described as "breezy promotion tactics". Herald Tribune owner John Hay Whitney began taking an active interest in the European edition in 1961. The International Edition of The New York Times was a competitor of sorts, and by 1964 had a circulation of some 32,000 although it attracted little advertising. As a commercial proposition it was inferior to the European edition of the Herald Tribune, which had a circulation of around 50,000 and more advertising in it. In general, the European edition of the Herald Tribune was considered the stronger publication.
The European edition was not involved in the complex multi-paper merger discussions of 1966, and did not shut down when it was announced on August 15, 1966, that the New York Herald Tribune would not continue. Instead, earlier that month on August 4, it had been announced that The Washington Post was buying a 45 percent interest in the European edition, and that once the deal was closed it would begin publishing as The International Edition of the New York Herald Tribune–The Washington Post. The change became official in early December 1966. As Buchwald wrote about the ungainly title in his column, "if you ask for it under that name at the airport you'll miss your plane."
During the following year, the publisher of The New York Times gave up on its own international edition. Instead, the Times invested jointly and equally with Whitney Communications and The Washington Post to create a new paper, the International Herald Tribune. The first issue of the International Herald Tribune was published on May 22, 1967; in appearance it was very similar to the European edition of the New York Herald Tribune.
Awards and cultural references
In the 1920s, the New York Herald Tribune established one of the first book review sections that reviewed children's books, and in 1937, the newspaper established the Children's Spring Book Festival Award for the best children's book of the previous year, awarded for three target age groups: 4–8, 8–12, and 12–16. This was the second nationwide children's book award, after the Newbery Medal.
At an event in Washington, on November 23, 1946, Secretary of War Robert P. Patterson honored 82 war correspondents. 18 of them had been employees of the New York Herald Tribune. They were Howard Barnes, Homer Bigart, Herbert Clark, Joseph F. Driscoll, Joseph Evans, Lewis Gannett, Marguerite Higgins, Russell Hill, John D. O'Reilly, Geoffrey Parsons, John C. Smith, John Steinbeck, Dorothy Thompson, Sonia Tomora, Thomas Twitty, William W. White, and Gill Robb Wilson.
In Jean-Luc Godard's 1960 film Breathless, the lead female character Patricia (Jean Seberg) is an American student journalist who sells the European edition on the streets of Paris. She periodically calls out "New York Herald Tribune!" while engaged in conversation with her love interest, the wandering criminal Michel (Jean-Paul Belmondo).
The "Dingbat"
For more than a century, the logo of the New York Herald-Tribune, and its later successor, the International Herald Tribune, featured a hand-drawn "dingbat" between the words Herald and Tribune, which first originated as part of the front page logotype of the Tribune on April 10, 1866. The "dingbat" was replaced with an all-text header beginning with the issue of May 21, 2008, to give a "more contemporary and concise presentation that is consistent with our digital platforms." The drawing included a clock in the center, set to 6:12 p.m., and two figures on either side of it, a toga-clad thinker facing leftward and a young child holding an American flag marching rightward. An eagle spreading its wings was perched atop the clock. The dingbat served as an allegorical device to depict antiquity on the left and the progressive American spirit on the right. The significance of the clock's time remains a mystery.
See also
List of newspapers in New York
Notes
References
Citations
Bibliography
Further reading
1924 establishments in New York (state)
1966 disestablishments in New York (state)
New York Herald Tribune
New York Herald
Herald Tribune
Publications disestablished in 1966
Newspapers established in 1924
Daily newspapers published in New York City |
53561892 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Better%20%28The%20Screaming%20Jets%20song%29 | Better (The Screaming Jets song) | "Better" is a song by Australian rock band The Screaming Jets. The song was released in February 1991 as the official lead single from their debut studio album All for One (1991). The song peaked at number 4 on the ARIA Charts and was certified gold.
In January 2018, as part of Triple M's "Ozzest 100", the 'most Australian' songs of all time, "Better" was ranked number 15.
A video was also released and it shows the band members singing and playing their instruments in the outback.
Track listings
CD Single
"Better" - 4:40
"Rocket Man" - 3:22
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Sales and certifications
Release history
References
1990 songs
1991 singles
The Screaming Jets songs |
5534164 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ak%C4%B1n%20Eldes | Akın Eldes | Akın Eldes (born 11 November 1962) is a Turkish guitarist.
Career and Life
He was born in Frankfurt, Germany, and played mandolin and flute as a child. Eldes started playing the guitar in high school. He played with the bands E-5, Painted Bird, Asım Can Gündüz, singer-songwriter Bülent Ortaçgil, bassist Gürol Ağırbaş, composer Melih Kibar and Çapkınlar among others prior to joining Bulutsuzluk Özlemi. He is currently playing with the Turkish rock band Pinhani. Eldes uses a variety of special hand-made guitars by Murat Sezen. He generally plays the Yamaha Pacifica PAC1511MS or Steinberger Headless guitar in Pinhani Concerts. His work with Bulutsuzluk Özlemi lasted between 1986–2000.
Albums
Kafi (2002)
Türlü (2004)
Cango (2007)
Ara Taksim (2009)
Başka Türlü (2010)
Hane-i Akustik (2011)
Tek Başına (2018)
Denemeler (2021)
Singles
Hep Birlikte (2019) KERRAR feat.Gönül Taner
Hep Birlikte - Rerecording (2020)
Kuzgun (2020)
Deneme 1-2 (2020)
Deneme 3-4 (2020)
Deneme 5 (2020)
Deneme 6 (2020)
Deneme 7 - Kimlederdensin Kimlerlesin (2021)
Deneme 8 - Oyun Havası (Karışık Tarz) (2021)
Böyle (2021)
Uzun İnce Bir Yoldayım (2021)
Krähe - Kuzgun Pt.2 (2021)
Other album appearances
Bulutsuzluk Özlemi: Uçtu Uçtu, Güneşimden Kaç, Yaşamaya Mecbursun, Yol
Bülent Ortaçgil: Bu Şarkılar Adam Olmaz.
Gürol Ağırbaş: Bas Şarkıları II
Barış Manço: Mançoloji
Melih Kibar: Yadigar
Mehmet Güreli
Meltem Taşkıran
Haluk Levent: Kral Çıplak
Pinhani: İnandığın Masallar, Zaman Beklemez Başka Şeyler
Tanju Duru: Duru Zamanlar
Mustafa Gökdeniz: Yalan Söyle
References
External links
Official Spotify
Living people
Turkish rock guitarists
German people of Turkish descent
1962 births |
11522517 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WZTF | WZTF | WZTF (102.9 FM) is a radio station broadcasting an urban adult contemporary format. Licensed to Scranton, South Carolina, United States, the station serves the Florence, South Carolina area. The station is currently owned by iHeartMedia, Inc., through licensee iHM Licenses, LLC. Its studios are located in Florence, and its transmitter is located south of Effingham, South Carolina.
History
WSQN was adult contemporary before becoming a soft AC station called "light and easy Sunny 102.9" airing a syndicated format from Broadcast Programming called AC45+. Its later formats included oldies and, under Root Communications, "Old school" R & B oldies. As WURV ("The River") it was classic rock, and it was modern rock "Rock 102.9" and then classic hits "102.9 the Point" using the letters WWRK.
In a deal announced in February 1997, Root Communications Ltd. announced plans to buy eight radio stations owned by Florence-based Atlantic Broadcasting, including WSQN. Qantum Communications Inc. purchased Florence's Root Communications Group LP stations in 2003.
On May 15, 2014, Qantum Communications announced that it would sell its 29 stations, including WZTF, to Clear Channel Communications (now iHeartMedia), in a transaction connected to Clear Channel's sale of WALK AM-FM in Patchogue, New York to Connoisseur Media via Qantum. The transaction was consummated on September 9, 2014.
Translators
In addition to the main station, WZTF has an additional translator to widen its broadcast area.
References
External links
ZTF
IHeartMedia radio stations
Urban adult contemporary radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1991
1991 establishments in South Carolina |
68649032 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disease%20Outbreak%20Response%20System%20Condition | Disease Outbreak Response System Condition | The Disease Outbreak Response System Condition (DORSCON) is a disease crisis management plan in Singapore. The system is colour-coded reflecting the disease situation in Singapore. Beside showing the disease situation, it also outline the impact on the general public and what the general public should do.
History
In 2003, after the SARS outbreak in Singapore, the Ministry of Health created the National Influenza Pandemic Preparedness and Response Plan which included DORSCON. DORSCON was first used during the 2009 swine flu pandemic in Singapore. The plan was further updated after the swine flu pandemic is over.
In 2013, then-Health Minister Gan Kim Yong announced a revised DORSCON framework. The framework now considers disease severity in addition to the spread of diseases in Singapore, thereby indicating the overall public health impact in Singapore. In addition to that, control measures are no longer hard-wired to each phase but are modular for MOH's continually assessment of the risks, hence making the framework more flexible with four colour alerts instead of five. This allows the framework to be used for both mild and severe diseases.
In 2023, Health Minister Ong Ye Kung announced plans to replace the colour-coded DORSCON framework with a 4-tiered public health situational framework.
DORSCON levels
Status change
28 April 2009, Raised from Green to Yellow.
30 April 2009: Raised from Yellow to Orange.
11 May 2009: Reduced from Orange to Yellow.
12 February 2010: Reduced from Yellow to Green.
22 January 2020: Raised from Green to Yellow.
7 February 2020: Raised from Yellow to Orange.
26 April 2022: Reduced from Orange to Yellow.
13 February 2023: Reduced from Yellow to Green.
References
Healthcare in Singapore |
54497467 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Merula%20%28creek%29 | Merula (creek) | The Merula is a stream of Liguria (Italy).
Geography
The creek is formed not far from the centre of Testico from the union of several streams descending the eastern slopes of Monte Torre (990 m). At first it flows down heading East and then turns South towards the Ligurian Sea. Close to its mouth, which is located in Marina di Anrora, the Marula is crossed by Autostrada dei Fiori, Genoa–Ventimiglia railway and State highway nr.1 (Via Aurelia).
The Merula basin (49 km2) is wholly included in the Province of Savona.
Main tributaries
Right hand:
rio Moltedo
rio Domo;
left hand:
rio Tigorella,
rio Metta.
Nature conservation
On the mouth of the Merula was established a nature protected area of 2.6 ha managed by the comune of Andora and called Oasi del Merula. Even if small this nature reserve is important because is one of the few wetlands available for water birds next to the Ligurian sea shore.
References
See also
List of rivers of Italy
Rivers of Italy
Rivers of Liguria
Rivers of the Province of Savona
Rivers of the Alps
Drainage basins of the Ligurian Sea |
40462050 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalkovec | Jalkovec | Jalkovec is a village in northern Croatia, located southwest of Varaždin. The population of the village in the 2011 census was 1,309.
References
Populated places in Varaždin County |
19790639 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luc%20Desnoyers | Luc Desnoyers | Luc Desnoyers (born October 2, 1950) is a Canadian trade unionist and politician, who was elected to represent the electoral district of Rivière-des-Mille-Îles in the 2008 Canadian federal election. He is a member of the Bloc Québécois.
After one term in office, he was defeated in the 2011 election by Laurin Liu of the New Democratic Party.
External links
1950 births
Trade unionists from Quebec
Bloc Québécois MPs
Living people
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
People from Saint-Jérôme
21st-century Canadian politicians |
12893223 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemming%20Lauritzen | Flemming Lauritzen | Flemming Lauritzen (born 28 June 1949) is a former Danish handball player who competed in the 1972 Summer Olympics.
He played his club handball with Helsingør IF. In 1972 he was part of the Denmark men's national handball team which finished thirteenth in the Olympic tournament. He played four matches.
References
1949 births
Living people
Danish male handball players
Olympic handball players for Denmark
Handball players at the 1972 Summer Olympics |
59809229 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Woman%20in%2047 | The Woman in 47 | The Woman in 47, reissued as The Mysterious Woman, is a 1916 silent film directed by George Irving for Equitable Motion Picture Company and Frohman Amusement Corporation. It was filmed at Peerless Studios in Fort Lee, New Jersey.
The cast includes Alice Brady, William Raymond, Jack Sherrill, Etta De Groff, Ralph Dean and John Warwick (American actor). The story was by Frederick Chapin. The New Brunswick Times ran a review of the "photoplay".
References
1916 films
American silent feature films
Films shot at Peerless Studios
World Film Company films
Films directed by George Irving
1910s American films |
31633356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2007%20HKFC%20International%20Soccer%20Sevens | 2007 HKFC International Soccer Sevens | 2007 HKFC International Soccer Sevens, officially known as The 2007 HKFC Philips Lighting International Soccer Sevens due to sponsorship reason, is the 8th staging of this competition. It was held on 25–27 May 2007.
Notable players
Masters Tournament
Kowloon Cricket Club: John Barnes
Marseille All Stars: Manuel Amoros, William Ayache, Alain Barataud, Marcel Dib, Craig Foster, Enzo Francescoli (withdrawn), Alain Giresse (withdrawn), Philippe Thys, Pascal Vahirua, Philippe Vercruysse
Philips Lighting All Stars: Warren Barton, Owen Coyle, Dave Beasant, John Beresford, John Collins, Dean Holdsworth, Rob Lee, Ken Monkou, Paul Walsh, Mark Walters
Main Tournament
Arsenal: Wojciech Szczęsny, Gavin Hoyte, Abu Ogogo, Paul Rodgers, Nacer Barazite, James Dunne, Kieran Gibbs, Mark Randall, Jay Simpson, Rene Steer
Kitchee: Anderson, Chan Siu Ki, Gao Wen, Li Hang Wui, Leung Chi Wing, Liu Quankun, Luk Koon Pong, Jaimes McKee, Tam Siu Wai, Wang Zhenpang
Tottenham Hotspur: Tommy Forecast, Troy Archibald-Henville, Philip Ifil, Leigh Mills, Jacques Maghoma, Jamie O'Hara, Charlie Daniels, David Hutton, Andy Barcham, Lee Barnard
South China: Au Wai Lun, Chan Chi Hong, Chan Wai Ho, Cheng Siu Wai, Kwok Kin Pong, Li Haiqiang, Man Pei Tak, Yeung Ching Kwong, Zhang Chunhui
References
Hong
HKFC International Soccer Sevens |
56404085 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agaram%20Cemetery | Agaram Cemetery | The Agaram Cemetery is an old Protestant cemetery in Bangalore. Located inside the land of the Army Service Corps and behind the Army Officers Mess, it is the oldest Christian cemetery in Bangalore and is not publicly accessible. The oldest grave from 1808 is that of Sgt. Major Kelly, HM 59th Regiment of Foot. Two 40 foot ionic columns commemorate officers of his Majesty's 13th Light Dragoons. The cemetery was used until 1870. The cemetery was overgrown and was partly restored through the activism of Admiral Oscar Stanley Dawson.
References
External links
Agram cemetery
List of graves
1808 establishments in British India
1870 disestablishments in British India
Anglican cemeteries in India
Buildings and structures in Bangalore
Cemeteries established in the 1800s |
8752097 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiglic%20acid | Tiglic acid | Tiglic acid is a monocarboxylic unsaturated organic acid. It is found in croton oil and in several other natural products. It has also been also isolated from the defensive secretion of certain beetles.
Properties and uses
Tiglic acid has a double bond between the second and third carbons of the chain. Tiglic acid and angelic acid form a pair of cis-trans isomers. Tiglic acid is a volatile and crystallizable substance with a sweet, warm, spicy odour. It is used in making perfumes and flavoring agents. The salts and esters of tiglic acid are called tiglates.
Toxicity
Tiglic acid is a skin and eye irritant. The inhalation of the substance causes respiratory tract irritation. It is listed on the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA).
Names and discovery
In 1819 Pelletier and Caventou isolated a peculiar volatile and crystallizable acid from the seeds of Schoenocaulon officinalis, a Mexican plant of family Melanthaceae (also called cevadilla or sabadilla). Consequently, the substance was named sabadillic or cevadic acid. In 1865 it was found to be identical with B. F. Duppa and Edward Frankland's methyl-crotonic acid. In 1870 Geuther and Fröhlich prepared an acid from croton oil to which they gave the name tiglic acid (or tiglinic acid) after Croton tiglium (Linn.), specific name of the croton oil plant. The compound was shown to be identical with the previously described methyl-crotonic acid.
See also
Tiglyl-CoA, a thioester with coenzyme A
Duboisia myoporoides produces an alkaloid known as tigloidine.
References
Enoic acids
Hemiterpenes |
3342665 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lemuel%20Benton | Lemuel Benton | Lemuel Benton (1754May 18, 1818) was an American planter and politician from Darlington County, South Carolina. He represented South Carolina in the United States House of Representatives from 1793 until 1799. Colonel Benton resided on Stoney Hill Farm, located in Darlington County near Mechanicsville.
References
External links
Biographic sketch at U.S. Congress website
1754 births
1818 deaths
Members of the South Carolina House of Representatives
Democratic-Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from South Carolina |
46827922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colobothea%20geminata | Colobothea geminata | Colobothea geminata is a species of beetle in the family Cerambycidae. It was described by Bates in 1865. It is known from French Guiana and Brazil.
References
geminata
Beetles described in 1865 |
36575830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%A9line%20Goberville | Céline Goberville | Céline Goberville (born September 19, 1986) is a French sport shooter. She won silver in the women's 10 metre air pistol at the 2012 Summer Olympics.
She represented France at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
References
External links
Official web site
Living people
1986 births
French female sport shooters
Olympic silver medalists for France
Shooters at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Shooters at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in shooting
Olympic shooters for France
Medalists at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Knights of the Ordre national du Mérite
Shooters at the 2015 European Games
Mediterranean Games gold medalists for France
Mediterranean Games medalists in shooting
Competitors at the 2013 Mediterranean Games
Shooters at the 2019 European Games
Shooters at the 2020 Summer Olympics
21st-century French women
Shooters at the 2023 European Games
European Games silver medalists for France
European Games medalists in shooting |
9808398 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chetan%20Anand%20%28badminton%29 | Chetan Anand (badminton) | Chetan Anand Buradagunta (born 8 July 1980) is a badminton player from India. Anand is a four-time national champion in 2004, 2007, 2008 and 2010, and three-time South Asian Games men's singles champion in 2004, 2006 and 2010. He has a career best world ranking of world no 10. His ranking has dropped to 54 since October 2010 due to his ankle injury. He is a recipient of the Indian Arjuna Award in 2006.
Badminton career
Anand started his badminton career in 1992 at the Mini Nationals in Mumbai. He was successful in doubles in his early badminton career, pairing with A. Prithvi, winning 12 year and 15 years age groups. He reached his first open nationals singles final in Kerala at age fifteen, but failed to win the title and was runner-up though he won the doubles pairing with A. Prithvi. Later, Prakash Padukone sent him to the World Academy camp in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, where he made significant improvements to his game. Anand won the first singles title of his career at Chennai in a Junior major ranking tournament. The same year he made his mark in the senior category as well, reaching the semi-finals in all of the senior ranking tournaments, and reaching the top eight in the country. He became the Junior National Champion in 1999. In 2001, he won his first Asian Satellite tournament in Bangalore which marked his beginning in seniors. Later he won more than 15 major ranking tournaments in India.
Anand became the national badminton champion for first time in 2004 after faltering in the finals in 2002 and 2003 to Abhinn Shyam Gupta. He also won the Toulouse Open in France in 2004, recovering from a back injury during the summer 2004. In 2005 he won Irish and Scottish open badminton tournaments in Ireland and Scotland. In 2008 he won his first Grand Prix title at the Bitburger Open. He was also the Runner-up in Dutch Grand Prix in 2008 and followed them with a couple of quarterfinal appearances. He touched his career best world ranking 10 in 2009 February. In 2009, he won the Dutch Open Grand Prix which he lost in the finals in 2008. He also won the Jaypee Syed Modi Memorial Grand Prix at Lucknow in December 2009.
Early life
Anand was born to Harshavardhan and Suguna in Vijayawada, India and has a younger brother Sandeep Anand. Anand's father Harshavardhan had formerly been an annual participant in the Inter-state Lecturer's Tournaments. Anand also took a personal interest in badminton, and he started playing with his father. He did his schooling at Veeramachineni Paddayya Siddhartha public school and bachelors in engineering in Mechanical Manufacturing from the Potluri V Prasad Siddhartha Institute of Technology in Vijayawada.
Personal life
On 17 July 2005, Anand married fellow badminton player Jwala Gutta. They got divorced in 2010. Chetan married Sarada Govardhini Jasti in October 2012 and has two daughters.
Career
Anand is employed by the Oil and Natural Gas Corporation in India. He was signed as the first Brand Ambassador for promoting Li Ning Sporting goods in India in 2009.He also has a badminton academy in Hyderabad(CABA).
Achievements
Commonwealth Games
South Asian Games
BWF Grand Prix
The BWF Grand Prix has two levels, the BWF Grand Prix and Grand Prix Gold. It is a series of badminton tournaments sanctioned by the Badminton World Federation (BWF) since 2007. The World Badminton Grand Prix sanctioned by International Badminton Federation (IBF) since 1983.
BWF Grand Prix Gold tournament
BWF & IBF Grand Prix tournament
IBF/BWF International
BWF International Challenge tournament
BWF International Series tournament
BWF Future Series tournament
Record against selected opponents
Results are from all international competitions since Chetan Anand made his debut in 2003. The athletes listed are athletes who regularly competed at badminton's major competitions, including those who he faced at the World Championship and Olympic competition.
Bao Chunlai 0–1
Chen Hong 0–1
Chen Jin 0–2
Du Pengyu 0–1
Peter Gade 0–2
Kenneth Jonassen 0–4
Jan Ø. Jørgensen 1–0
Joachim Persson 0–3
Hans-Kristian Vittinghus 3–0
Carl Baxter 2–0
Aamir Ghaffar 3–2
Rajiv Ouseph 3–0
Andrew Smith 1–3
Marc Zwiebler 1–1
Chan Yan Kit 2–0
Ng Wei 0–1
Arvind Bhat 1–2
Anup Sridhar 2–0
Sony Dwi Kuncoro 1–3
Simon Santoso 0–1
Sho Sasaki 3–1
Shoji Sato 1–1
Kenichi Tago 0–3
Lee Chong Wei 0–3
Dicky Palyama 2–1
Eric Pang 3–0
Przemyslaw Wacha 2–1
Kendrick Lee Yen Hui 0–1
Lee Hyun-il 0–2
Boonsak Ponsana 0–1
Tanongsak Saensomboonsuk 1–1
Nguyen Tien Minh 0–2
References
External links
Results at the Commonwealth Games 2006
1980 births
Living people
People from Krishna district
Racket sportspeople from Vijayawada
Indian male badminton players
Indian national badminton champions
Badminton players at the 2006 Asian Games
Badminton players at the 2010 Asian Games
Asian Games competitors for India
Badminton players at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Badminton players at the 2010 Commonwealth Games
Commonwealth Games silver medallists for India
Commonwealth Games bronze medallists for India
Commonwealth Games medallists in badminton
South Asian Games gold medalists for India
South Asian Games silver medalists for India
Recipients of the Arjuna Award
South Asian Games medalists in badminton
Medallists at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
Medallists at the 2010 Commonwealth Games |
68960365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1931%20West%20Tennessee%20State%20Teachers%20football%20team | 1931 West Tennessee State Teachers football team | The 1931 West Tennessee State Teachers football team was an American football team that represented West Tennessee State Teachers College (now known as the University of Memphis) as a member of the Mississippi Valley Conference (MVC) during the 1931 college football season. In their eighth season under head coach Zach Curlin, West Tennessee State Teachers compiled an overall record of 2–5–2 with a mark of 1–2–2 in conference play.
Schedule
References
West Tennessee State Teachers
Memphis Tigers football seasons
West Tennessee State Teachers football |
39935442 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aktashskoye%20mine | Aktashskoye mine | The Aktashskoye mine is one of the largest mercury mines in Russia and in the world. The mine is located in Siberia. The mine has estimated reserves of 1.38 million tonnes of ore grading 0.4% mercury.
References
Mercury mines in Russia |
67793231 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy%20Kane | Dorothy Kane | Dorothy Kane is a Northern Irish international lawn bowler.
Bowls career
Kane won the triples gold medal at the 1999 Atlantic Bowls Championships with Margaret Johnston and Donna McNally.
Kane has also represented Ireland in the triples at the 2000 World Outdoor Bowls Championship.
She became an Irish national champion after winning the 1998 pairs with Ruth Simpson at the Irish National Bowls Championships bowling for the Moat Park Bowls Club. Subsequently the pair went on to win the 1999 British Isles Bowls Championships.
References
Living people
Female lawn bowls players from Northern Ireland
Year of birth missing (living people)
Bowls European Champions |
33924324 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C16H21NO | C16H21NO | {{DISPLAYTITLE:C16H21NO}}
The molecular formula C16H21NO (molar mass: 243.344 g/mol, exact mass: 243.1623 u) may refer to:
3-Hydroxymorphinan (3-HM), or morphinan-3-ol
Norlevorphanol
Molecular formulas |
47131877 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fra%20Umile%20da%20Foligno | Fra Umile da Foligno | Fra Umile da Foligno (active in late 17th-century) was an Italian Franciscan friar and painter active in Perugia and Rome. He was born in Foligno.
His output is sparse, all sacred subjects but includes paintings depicting events in the Life of Mary (1686-1691) in Santa Maria in Aracoeli in Rome. These include a fresco of the Visitation and Adoration by the Shepherds. He painted a Madonna altarpiece (1666) now in Palazzo del Priore in Perugia. he appears to be influenced by Antonio Maria Fabrizi.
References
17th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
Italian Baroque painters
Franciscans
People from Foligno
Umbrian painters |
28599384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speechless%20%28Ciara%20song%29 | Speechless (Ciara song) | "Speechless" is a song by American singer-songwriter Ciara. The song was written by Ciara, The-Dream, and Tricky Stewart, with the latter two producing the song as well. Taken from her fourth studio album Basic Instinct, the song serves as the second single from the album. It was released in the United States as a digital download on September 7, 2010.
"Speechless" is a mid-tempo R&B love song, which utilizes synthesized trumpets and horns as a backdrop. The lyrical content of the song centers around the protagonist saying they need more time to confess how perfect their significant other is. The song's accompanying music video, directed by Colin Tilley, features Ciara in a menagerie of scenes. The single had no direct promotion and was never officially promoted to radio, leading it to only reach 74 on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs.
Background and composition
In September 2009, Tricky Stewart, confirmed via Rap-Up that he and The-Dream had spent the entire summer with Ciara working on her upcoming fourth studio album. He also named "Speechless" as one of two songs he hoped would appear on the album. The album version of the song leaked in March 2010, featuring vocals from The-Dream. However, following the release of its single cover on August 18, 2010, it was confirmed that the song would feature only Ciara. It was also revealed that The-Dream will not be featured on the album version of the song when the official track listing of Basic Instinct was revealed. On the final cut, American songwriter, gospel singer, and session vocalist Lauren Evans performs background vocals. The song was planned to be released as the second official single, how was never sent to radio or released as a CD single.
"Speechless" is a midtempo, R&B love song, featuring trumpet-sounding synths. Andy Kellman of Allmusic said that the song works a "slow motion glide" and that Ciara's voice "hovers in a love-struck daze." The lyrical content of the song consists of the protagonist confesses how perfect her significant other is, and that they need extra time to confess this, such as lines like "I'd need an extra month on the year, one extra holiday just to kiss you all over your face."
Critical reception
Praising the production of The-Dream and Tricky Stewart on the album, Matthew Horton of BBC Music called the song "crisp" and said that it was a "trim, anthemic synth ballad." Noting it as one of their choice picks from the album, Andy Kellman of Allmusic called the song "euphoric" and was the best of The-Dream and Tricky's seven songs on the album. A Rap-Up writer noted the song as a standout track from the album. Ed Easton Jr. of WXRK said the song "reminds all her fans that she can actually sing and be taken seriously as an actual artist rather than an over-hyped dancer." As one of the album's "emotionally demanding cuts," Ken Capobianco of Boston Globe said that the song "lacked conviction." Becky Bain of Idolator was less than enthusiastic of the song, commenting, "basically, we’re speechless, too, but only because we can’t find much to rave about." Bain also called the synth-beat generic and "run-of-the-mill," comparing it to her "Love Sex Magic."
"Speechless" debuted on the US Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart at number ninety-one on the week of September 18, 2010. It went on to peak at number seventy-four. The song was featured as the one of the A-sides for "Gimmie Dat", in the UK, where the latter peaked at number 111 on the UK Singles chart.
Music video
The video was directed in Los Angeles, California on September 10, 2010 by Colin Tilley. It chronicles Ciara in a menagerie of settings, in the mountains, a mansion, a reflection pool, and a warehouse. The minimalistic clip sees numerous wardrobe changes, and unlike typical Ciara videos, it does not highlight dance aspects. Several outfits she dons include low-riding jeans and a shirt which reveals her abs. Becky Bain of Idolator compared Ciara to Janet Jackson in the clip, noting Ciara's "oversized top and comfy jeans" to Jackson in "Again" and "Love Will Never Do." Bain positively reviewed the clip, stating, "It's a safe video, for sure, but oh-so nice to look at." A Rap-Up writer stated "after watching the grown 'n' sexy new Colin Tilley-directed video from Ciara, you're guaranteed to be left 'Speechless.'" Although he appreciated Ciara for lowering down the sex appeal and relying on her vocals, Ed Easton Jr. of WXRK gave the video seven of ten stars, and said that it was not enough to put Ciara "ahead of all the talented musical divas in the industry." Easton went on to say that "the video is not meant to be over-sexual but still gives us an intimate feel to the singer that, in the long run, may even garner better responses among all age demographics." He also complimented the video as a whole saying, "The shots of Ciara are stunning and she is shown to be serious about her quest for love from a special someone."
Track listing
US Digital download
"Speechless" – 4:10
European Digital single – Gimmie Dat / Speechless
"Gimmie Dat" – 4:12
"Speechless" – 4:10
EP – Gimmie Dat / Speechless (Europe, Canada, Australia, UK)
"Gimmie Dat" – 4:12
"Speechless" – 4:10
"Gimmie Dat" (music video) – 4:18
"Speechless" (music video) – 4:11
Credits and personnel
Songwriting – Ciara Princess Harris, Terius "The-Dream" Nash, Christopher "Tricky" Stewart
Production – The-Dream, Tricky Stewart
Vocal recording and production – Kuk Harrell
Background vocals – Lauren Evans
Mixing – Jaycen Joshua
Engineering – Brian "B-LUV" Thomas, Pat Thrall, Andrew Wuepper, assisted by Luis Navarro, Randy Urbanski, Zachariah Redding, Jason Sherwood, Steven Dennis.
Source
Charts
Release history
References
2010 singles
Ciara songs
Songs written by Ciara
Songs written by The-Dream
Songs written by Tricky Stewart
Music videos directed by Colin Tilley
2010 songs
LaFace Records singles |
14918880 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castellv%C3%AD%20de%20la%20Marca | Castellví de la Marca | Castellví de la Marca is a municipality in the comarca of Alt Penedès, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.
References
External links
Government data pages
Municipalities in Alt Penedès |
19474808 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sense%20of%20agency | Sense of agency | The sense of agency (SA), or sense of control, is the subjective awareness of initiating, executing, and controlling one's own volitional actions in the world. It is the pre-reflective awareness or implicit sense that it is I who is executing bodily movement(s) or thinking thoughts. In non-pathological experience, the SA is tightly integrated with one's "sense of ownership" (SO), which is the pre-reflective awareness or implicit sense that one is the owner of an action, movement or thought. If someone else were to move your arm (while you remained passive) you would certainly have sensed that it were your arm that moved and thus a sense of ownership (SO) for that movement. However, you would not have felt that you were the author of the movement; you would not have a sense of agency (SA).
Normally SA and SO are tightly integrated, such that while typing one has an enduring, embodied, and tacit sense that "my own fingers are doing the moving" (SO) and that "the typing movements are controlled (or volitionally directed) by me" (SA). In patients with certain forms of pathological experience (e.g., schizophrenia) the integration of SA and SO may become disrupted in some manner. In this case, movements may be executed or thoughts made manifest, for which the patient with schizophrenia has a sense of ownership, but not a sense of agency.
Regarding SA for both motor movements and thoughts, further distinctions may be found in both first-order (immediate, pre-reflective) experience and higher-order (reflective or introspective) consciousness. For example, while typing one has a sense of control and thus SA for the ongoing action of typing; this is an example of SA in first-order experience which is immediate and prior to any explicit intellectual reflection upon the typing actions themselves. In this case, the individual is not focusing on the typing movements per se but rather, intimately involved with the task at hand. If one is subsequently asked if they just performed the action of typing, they can -correctly- attribute agency to themselves. This is an example of a higher-order, reflective, conscious "attribution" of agency, which is a derivative notion stemming from the immediate, pre-reflective "sense" of agency.
Definition
The concept of agency implies an active organism, one who desires, makes plans, and carries out actions. The sense of agency plays a pivotal role in cognitive development, including the first stage of self-awareness (or pre-theoretical experience of one's own mentality), which scaffolds theory of mind capacities. Indeed, the ability to recognize oneself as the agent of a behavior is the way the self builds as an entity independent from the external world. The sense of agency and its scientific study has important implications in social cognition, moral reasoning, and psychopathology. The conceptual distinction between SA and SO was defined by philosopher and phenomenologist Shaun Gallagher. Using a different terminology, essentially the same distinction has been made by John Campbell, and Lynn Stephens and George Graham.
Psychological measures
Sense of agency is difficult to measure because individuals are often not aware of their sense of agency while performing tasks. An implicit measure of agency relies on intentional binding an effect where the perceived time between related events is decreased. Other implicit measures rely on sensory attenuation to voluntary acts, where one perceives sensations related to voluntary acts less. Explict measures can depend upon self-report or perceived responsibility for an outcome.
Neuroscience
A number of experiments in normal individuals has been undertaken in order to determine the functional anatomy of the sense of agency. These experiments have consistently documented the role of the posterior parietal cortex as a critical link within the simulation network for self-recognition. Primary sources have reported that activation of the right inferior parietal lobe/temporoparietal junction correlates with the subjective sense of ownership in action execution, and that posterior parietal lesions, especially on the right side, impair the ability of recognizing one's own body parts and self-attributing one's own movements.
Accumulating evidence from functional neuroimaging studies, as well as lesion studies in neurological patients indicates that the right inferior parietal cortex, at the junction with the posterior temporal cortex (TPJ, temporoparietal junction), plays a critical role in the distinction between self-produced actions and actions perceived in others. Lesions of this region can produce a variety of disorders associated with body knowledge and self-awareness such as anosognosia, asomatognosia, or somatoparaphrenia. A primary source has reported that electrical stimulation of the TPJ can elicit out-of-body experiences (i.e., the experience of dissociation of self from the body).
The investigation of the neural correlates of reciprocal imitation is extremely important because it provides an ecological paradigm (a situation close to everyday life) to address the issue of the sense of agency. There is evidence that reciprocal imitation plays a constitutive role in the early development of an implicit sense of self as a social agent.
A primary source has reported a functional neuroimaging experiment, where participants were scanned while they imitated an experimenter performing constructions with small objects and while the experimenter, while performing such a manipulation, imitated the participants. Across both conditions, the participants' sense of ownership (the sense that it is I who am experiencing the movement or thought) as well as the visual and somatosensory inputs were similar or coincided. What differed between imitating and being imitated was the agent who initiated the action. The primary source reports that several key regions were involved in the two conditions of reciprocal imitation compared to a control condition (in which subjects acted differently from the experimenter), namely in the superior temporal sulcus, the temporoparietal cortex (TPJ), and the medial prefrontal cortex.
Another approach to understanding the neuroscientific underpinnings of the sense of agency is to examine clinical conditions in which purposeful limb movement occurs without an associated sense of agency. The most clear clinical demonstration of this situation is alien hand syndrome. In this condition, associated with specific forms of brain damage, the affected individual loses the sense of agency without losing a sense of ownership of the affected body part.
Agency and psychopathology
Investigation of the sense of agency is important to explain positive symptoms of schizophrenia, like thought insertion and delusions of control. Research has shown that people diagnosed with schizophrenia have issues with processing agency. Marc Jeannerod proposed that the process of self-recognition operates covertly and effortlessly. It depends upon a set of mechanisms involving the processing of specific neural signals, from sensory as well as from central origin.
See also
Common coding theory
Empathic concern
Locus of control – whether people believe that their choices, environmental factors, fate, and/or random chance is controlling their lives
Mirror neurons
Morality
Motor cognition
Neuroscience of free will
Self-agency
Self-efficacy
References
Further reading
Gallagher, S. (2005). How the Body Shapes the Mind. Oxford University Press.
Haggard, P., Eitam, B. (Eds.) (2015). The Sense of Agency. New York: Oxford University Press.
Jeannerod, M. (1997). The cognitive neuroscience of action. Wiley–Blackwell.
Morsella, E., Bargh, J.A., & Gollwitzer, P.M. (Eds.) (2009). Oxford Handbook of Human Action. New York: Oxford University Press.
Roessler, J., & Eilan, N. (Eds.) (2003). Agency and self-awareness. New York: Oxford University Press.
Braun, N., Debener, S., Spychala, N., Bongartz, E., Sörös, P., Müller, H., Philipsen, A. (2018). The Senses of Agency and Ownership: A Review. Frontiers in Psychology, 9, Article 535.
Neuropsychology
Self
Cognitive science
Cognitive neuroscience
Motor control
Schizophrenia |
73466293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horse%20Museum%20%28Lithuania%29 | Horse Museum (Lithuania) | The Lithuanian Horse Museum () is an ethnographic regional museum dedicated to the historical use of horses in the agriculture of Lithuania. It is located in the village of , Anykščiai District, Lithuania. It is situated about north of Anykščiai within the Anykščiai Regional Park. Since 1992, it is a branch of the .
Background
The Horse Museum was opened for visitors in 1978 by professor and agronomist . He nurtured the idea of the museum since 1940. In 1975, Vasinauskas realized that horses were being replaced my machinery and thus no longer valued in Soviet collective farming. To raise awareness of this issue, Vasinauskas together with a journalist traveled more than across Lithuania in a horse cart. As news about the museum spread, farmers started bringing various items and even live horses to the museum.
Description
The museum stores about 4,000 exhibits. It includes horse-drawn agricultural implements (harrows, mowers, etc.), means of transportation (carts, sledges) and their parts, and work tools of various crafts (reenacting pre-modern works of a weaver, potter, baker, blacksmith, jeweler and wood carver). Most of the exhibits date to the 19th and 20th centuries and were collected in Lithuania. The museum also exhibits written documents, postal stamps, wood carvings, etc.
In 1988, a trail was constructed for recreational rides. Every summer since 1978, a cultural and sports festival "Run, Run, Horses" () is held at the Niūronys hippodrome.
The museum has 11 buildings as well as live stables. More than 35,000 tourists visit the museum annually. The museum also offers horseback and sleigh rides.
References
External links
Horse Museum website (English language version)
Equestrian museums
Museums in Lithuania
Anykščiai District Municipality
1978 establishments in Lithuania
Museums established in 1978 |
58658006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welcome%20Home%20%282018%20film%29 | Welcome Home (2018 film) | Welcome Home is a 2018 drama thriller film and directed by George Ratliff, starring Aaron Paul and Emily Ratajkowski as a couple attempting to solve their personal problems with a romantic trip to Italy. Riccardo Scamarcio appears in a supporting role as Federico.
Casting of Paul and Ratajkowski was announced in April 2017. The film was written by David Levinson, produced by Allan Mandelbaum, Tim White and Trevor White and directed by George Ratliff for Voltage Pictures. On September 7, 2018, the film was set for a video on demand release on November 12, 2018. The first trailer for the film was released on October 4, 2018.
Plot
Bryan and Cassie are a couple who decide to stay in a house in Umbria. They are trying to mend their relationship, after Cassie was caught having drunken sex with a co-worker. Since then, Bryan has become impotent. Cassie goes out for a run, and falls down and injures her ankle. She flags down a passing truck, and a handsome man named Federico stops and helps her. He gives her a ride back, and then offers to give them a ride to town the next day. They agree, and spend an awkward ride there the next day. Bryan accuses Cassie of not being able to see how Federico looks at her with lust; disgusted, Cassie leaves to go back to the house. Bryan gets drunk at a bar, Federico joins him. Federico invites two ladies to help Bryan back to a hotel. Bryan and the two ladies end up having sex. Bryan, due to Federico surreptitiously drugging his drink at the bar, has no memory of this and takes a taxi home.
It is shown that Federico has secret cameras all over their house, and is secretly watching them. Federico starts showing up when Bryan is not around, and Bryan discovers that Federico is not their neighbor, despite his claims. He threatens to tell Cassie this, Federico threatens him back by telling him that he will tell Cassie that he slept with the two ladies while drunk. Bryan denies this, and eventually tells Cassie that Federico is not who he says he is and to not let him visit. Cassie thinks that Federico is nothing but nice, until Federico cooks them rabbit stew and creepily tells them how much he likes to hunt.
Federico sees through his cameras Bryan and Cassie making up and planning to have sex; disgusted, he traps Bryan in the cellar and leaves a note for Cassie to put on a blindfold. Cassie, thinking the note was from Bryan, does so. Federico kisses and gropes her while taping himself doing so, and then, hearing Bryan escaping, sets a video to play it. At the same time, he leaves Bryan's phone near Cassie so she can pick it up. Cassie sees a video of Bryan and the two ladies having sex in the hotel. Upset, she gets dressed and goes to Bryan, and they have a fight, each accusing the other of infidelity.
Cassie throws her phone at Bryan, it misses him and hits a mirror, revealing a hidden camera. They realize that Federico is watching them secretly and panic. Federico, watching, sees that they have realized and comes over. They plead to be let go, but Federico attacks Bryan with a knife. They wrestle, and Cassie grabs a cane and hits Federico. Stunned, he falls and she keeps hitting him until he dies. Bryan stops her and says that she will go down for murder but he'll help her. A car pulls up and Bryan tells her to wipe up the blood and he'll hide the body.
The visitor turns out to be Eduardo, the owner of the house that Bryan called earlier to complain about Federico. Bryan tells him that everything was all right now, and Eduardo asks to check the house. Eduardo goes to check and Bryan and Cassie panic, wondering what to do.
Meanwhile, Eduardo goes to check the computers where the cameras were feeding from, revealing himself to be an accomplice of Federico's. He rewinds the tapes and sees Cassie killing Federico, and goes and asks her to confess. She denies it while Bryan sneaks up. Suddenly, Eduardo turns and aims a gun at Bryan, accusing them of murder. They deny it, and Cassie stabs Eduardo. He falls and Bryan takes the gun and shoots Eduardo.
Bryan finds the computer room and sees the two have been recording lots of couples. Bryan burns the tapes outside, and he and Cassie bury the bodies. They destroy the cameras, but what they don't know is they didn't discover all the cameras. They promise each other never to tell a soul of what happened. Then they finally have sex. The film ends with people around the world seeing them burying the bodies and being horrified.
Cast
Aaron Paul as Bryan Palmer
Emily Ratajkowski as Cassie Ryerson
Riccardo Scamarcio as Federico
Katy Louise Saunders as Alessandra
Alice Bellagamba as Isabella
Francesco Acquaroli as Eduardo
Response
Box office
Welcome Home was not released in North American theaters and grossed $331,704 in foreign release, plus $13,914 with home video sales.
Critical reception
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has an approval rating of , based on reviews, with an average rating of . Metacritic reports a normalized score of 38 out of 100, based on 4 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".
References
External links
2018 films
2018 thriller films
American thriller films
Films scored by Bear McCreary
Films set in Umbria
Vertical Entertainment films
Voltage Pictures films
Films about vacationing
2010s English-language films
2010s American films |
59322371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safa%20Elagib | Safa Elagib | Safaa El Agib Adam (born 1960, El-Geneina, West Darfur, Sudan) is a social activist.
After graduating from the University of Khartoum, Elagib joined the Save the Children Fund (SCF) UK for a year, working on relief operations in Darfur and relief coordination in Port Sudan. She is currently affiliated with many organizations as a volunteer and private consultant. Elagib's current focuses are supporting underprivileged women and as a peace activist.
Elagib was awarded a human rights prize by the Swiss Freedom and Human Rights Foundation.
References
Living people
1960 births
Date of birth missing (living people)
People from White Nile (state)
University of Khartoum alumni
Sudanese women's rights activists |
24983239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrotis%20coquimbensis | Agrotis coquimbensis | Agrotis coquimbensis is a moth of the family Noctuidae. It is found in the Coquimbo Region of Chile.
The wingspan is about 34 mm.
External links
Noctuinae of Chile
Agrotis
Moths of South America
Moths described in 1903
Endemic fauna of Chile |
40333037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strionautilus | Strionautilus | Strionautilus is an extinct nautilus-like genus.
References
Nautiloids |
41599785 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%E1%BB%B7%20line | Kỷ line | The Kỷ line (; Hán tự: 支己; chi can also be translated to as branch) was the fourteenth dynasty of Hùng kings of the Hồng Bàng period of Văn Lang (now Viet Nam). Starting 853 B.C., the line refers to the rule of Chân Nhân Lang and his successors.
History
Chân Nhân Lang was born approximately 894 B.C., and took the regnal name of Hùng Anh Vương(雄英王) upon becoming Hùng king. The series of all Hùng kings following Chân Nhân Lang took that same regnal name of Hùng Anh Vương to rule over Văn Lang until approximately 755 B.C.
During this period, Vietnamese Bronze Age culture further flourished and attained an unprecedented level of realism. Excavations of ancient sites indicate that a new large, centrally organized state in the Red River Delta emerged around 800 BC, during the early phase of a time known as the Đông Sơn period.
The Vietnamese increasingly built dikes and canals to control the rivers of the delta. They used the tides of the sea to irrigate their rice fields, and crafted bronze drums, tools, and weapons. By protecting the land from floods and droughts and by irrigating, the Vietnamese produced dependable harvests.
References
Bibliography
Nguyễn Khắc Thuần (2008). Thế thứ các triều vua Việt Nam. Giáo Dục Publisher.
Taus-Bolstad, Stacy. Vietnam in Pictures. Twenty-First Century Books, Jan 1, 2003 - Juvenile Nonfiction.
8th-century BC disestablishments
Hồng Bàng dynasty
9th-century BC establishments |
18379735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979%20Norwegian%20First%20Division | 1979 Norwegian First Division | The 1979 1. divisjon was the 35th completed season of top division football in Norway.
Overview
It was contested by 12 teams, and Viking FK won their sixth league title.
Teams and locations
Note: Table lists in un-alphabetical order.
League table
Results
Season statistics
Top scorer
Odd Iversen, Vålerengen – 18 goals
Attendances
References
Norway - List of final tables (RSSSF)
Norsk internasjonal fotballstatistikk (NIFS)
Eliteserien seasons
Norway
Norway
1 |
7997289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%20Jeffries | Ron Jeffries | Ron Jeffries (born December 26, 1939) is one of the three founders of the Extreme Programming (XP) software development methodology circa 1996, along with Kent Beck and Ward Cunningham. He was from 1996, an XP coach on the Chrysler Comprehensive Compensation System project, which was where XP was invented. He is an author of Extreme Programming Installed, the second book published about XP. He has also written Extreme Programming Adventures in C#. He is one of the 17 original signatories of the Agile Manifesto.
Background
A Quote
Books
Articles
References
External links
1939 births
Living people
Extreme programming
American technology writers
American computer scientists
American computer programmers
Agile software development |
13463923 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symsonia%2C%20Kentucky | Symsonia, Kentucky | Symsonia is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Graves County, Kentucky, United States. The community lies in the far northeastern part of the county, southeast of Paducah, northwest of Benton, and northeast of the county seat Mayfield, in the Jackson Purchase region of the state. As of the 2010 census, the population of Symsonia was 615.
Geography
The Symsonia CDP has a total area of , of which , or , or 0.56%, is water. The community is located at the intersection of Kentucky Highways 131 and 348. The intersection contains the community's only four-way stop and only flashing red light. It lies at an elevation of above sea level and is between the East and West Forks of the Clarks River, a major tributary of the Tennessee River.
Demographics
References
Unincorporated communities in Graves County, Kentucky
Unincorporated communities in Kentucky
Census-designated places in Graves County, Kentucky
Census-designated places in Kentucky |
66383750 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katarzyna%20Gardapkhadze | Katarzyna Gardapkhadze | Katarzyna Gardapkhadze - current CEO of the Responsible Leadership Academy and a former First Deputy Director of the OSCE's Office for Democratic Institutions and Human Rights (ODHIR), in the post from September 2016 until 30 June 2021. In 2020, during a period without a politically appointed Director, she served as ODIHR's Director's Alternate.
Educated psychologist, she is an expert in leadership, strategic management and organizational development. Katarzyna shared her professional experience and knowledge and contributed as expert to numerous international and national conferences across the OSCE region, speaking on various aspects of human rights, tolerance and non-discrimination, democracy and rule of law. She is committed to responsible leadership and sustainable impact.
Education
In 1990 - 1994, she studied psychology (master's degree studies) at the University of Gdańsk. In 1998 - 1999, she continued her education in psychology at the George Washington University (non-degree studies).
Katarzyna is a graduate of Stanford Leadership Academy for Development, and a trainer certified from the Institute for Leadership & Management.
She is fluent in Polish (native), English, Russian and Georgian languages.
Professional career
Katarzyna has over 25 years of experience in public service, international non-profits and multilateral organizations mostly in Europe and North America, but also in South Caucasus and Central Asia. Before joining the OSCE, she served as a director of Save the Children child protection programme, based in Tbilisi, Georgia. Prior to that, she worked as an evaluator for Eurasia Foundation’s South Caucasus media support programme, led a USAID-funded Georgia youth peace project, and was a consultant trainer for the United Nations Mission in Kosovo community strengthening work. She also managed initiatives focused on human rights, minorities and inter-ethnic dialogue in Western Balkans (2000 – 2002).
She participated in international election observation as a short-term observer (ODIHR election observation in Bosnia and Herzegovina and in Kosovo, 2000).
At ODIHR, Katarzyna oversees the Office's programmatic work on elections, democratization, human rights, tolerance and non-discrimination, and Roma and Sinti programmes.
Awards
In 2019, Katarzyna Gardapkhadze received the Ambassador for Liberty and Peace International Award of Excellence in recognition of her leadership and dedication while working for ODIHR.
Publications
K. Wargan, L. Dershem Don't call me a street child. Estimation and characteristics of urban street children in Georgia (2009)
K. Gardapkhadze, G. Davies ., in: European Yearbook on Human Rights 2018,
K. Gardapkhadze "On International Organisations and Responsible Leadership: A Snake Eating its Own Tail (Opinion)", in: European Yearbook on Human Rights 2020
References
Living people
University of Gdańsk alumni
George Washington University alumni
Polish women diplomats
OSCE ODIHR directors
Year of birth missing (living people) |
34796701 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9th%20Filmfare%20Awards | 9th Filmfare Awards | The 9th Filmfare Awards were held on 20 May 1962, at Bombay, honoring the best films in Hindi Cinema in 1961.
Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai led the ceremony with 10 nominations, followed by Gunga Jumna with 7 nominations.
Jis Desh Mein Ganga Behti Hai was a 1960 release, but was not considered for the 8th Filmfare Awards.
Jis Desh Men Ganga Behti Hai won 4 awards, including Best Film and Best Actor (for Manoj Kumar), thus becoming the most-awarded film at the ceremony.
Shubha Khote received dual nominations for Best Supporting Actress for her performances in Gharana and Sasural, but lost to Nirupa Roy who won the award for Chhaya.
Main awards
Technical Awards
Multiple nominations and wins
The following films received multiple awards and nominations.
See also
8th Filmfare Awards
10th Filmfare Awards
References
External links
Winner and nomination of 9th Filmfare Awards at Internet Movie Database
Filmfare Awards
Filmfare
1962 in Indian cinema |
31658376 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Gachkar | Andrew Gachkar | Andrew Gachkar (born November 4, 1988) is a former American football linebacker in the National Football League for the San Diego Chargers, Dallas Cowboys and Carolina Panthers. He was drafted by the San Diego Chargers in the seventh round of the 2011 NFL Draft. He played college football at the University of Missouri.
Early years
Gachkar grew up in Overland Park, Kansas and attended Blue Valley West High School. As a junior, he registered 83 tackles, 5 sacks, 2 interceptions (one returned for a touchdown) and 2 forced fumbles.
As a senior, he was limited by a shoulder injury, but still managed to be a two-way player at running back and linebacker. He was rated the number 10 overall prospect in the state of Kansas by Super Prep.
College career
Gachkar accepted a football scholarship from the University of Missouri. As a true freshman, he appeared in 14 games, playing mainly on special teams. He made 16 defensive tackles and one forced fumble.
As a sophomore, he recovered from four surgeries in the off-season, where he had a rib removed to alleviate blood clotting issues in his right arm and upper body. He appeared in 14 games as a backup, collecting 28 tackles (one for loss).
As a junior, he started in 13 games at strongside linebacker, posting 80 tackles (second on the team), 3 sacks and 3 fumble recoveries (led the team). He was part of a defense that ranked 26th in the nation against the run (118.62-yard avg.). He had 4 tackles, one tackle, one forced fumble and 2 fumble recoveries against the University of Nebraska. He made 9 tackles against Oklahoma State University. He had 10 tackles against Kansas State University.
As a senior, he was moved to weakside linebacker to replace All-American Sean Weatherspoon. He started in 13 games, finishing with 51 tackles (led the team), 8.5 tackles for loss, one sack and 2 interceptions. He was a part of the number one scoring defense in the nation.
Professional career
San Diego Chargers
Gachkar was selected by the San Diego Chargers in the seventh round (234th overall) of the 2011 NFL Draft. On July 28, 2011, he was signed to a four-year deal with the Chargers. As a rookie, he posted 15 defensive tackles and 12 special teams tackles (second on the team).
He became a valuable special teams player, while also being a solid reserve linebacker. In 2012, he recorded 13 tackles (2 for loss), one sack and 8 special teams tackles.
In 2013, he started 3 out of 16 games, making 33 tackles (one for loss), one forced fumble and 8 special teams tackles. He had 6 tackles and one forced fumble against the Tennessee Titans. He made 8 tackles against the Washington Redskins.
In 2014, he received more playing time due to injuries and defensive coordinator John Pagano rotations at linebacker. He appeared in 15 games with 5 starts, registering, 49 tackles (6 for loss), one sack, one pass defensed 16 special teams tackles and also scored his first NFL touchdown against the St. Louis Rams on a fumble recovery. He had 8 tackles against the Denver Broncos.
Dallas Cowboys
On March 15, 2015, he signed with the Dallas Cowboys a two-year, $5.5 million contract, reuniting with former Chargers special teams coordinator Rich Bisaccia. As a reserve linebacker, he showed the ability to play all three positions and made Jasper Brinkley expendable. He started against the New Orleans Saints and posted 6 tackles. In the eighth game of the season against the Philadelphia Eagles, he saw extended time in place of Sean Lee who was out with a concussion, while tallying 4 tackles (one for loss). He played in every game, registering 8 special teams tackles (tied for fourth on the team) and 13 defensive tackles.
In 2016, he remained a core special teams player, making 7 defensive tackles, 2 quarterback pressures and 7 special teams tackles (tied for fourth on the team). In the season finale against the Philadelphia Eagles, the Cowboys rested players for the playoffs and Gachkar saw extended playing time, posting 5 tackles (one for loss), 2 quarterback pressures and a half-sack. He wasn't re-signed after the season.
Jacksonville Jaguars
On August 13, 2017, Gachkar signed with the Jacksonville Jaguars. He was released on September 2, 2017.
Carolina Panthers
On October 17, 2017, Gachkar signed with the Carolina Panthers. He appeared in 6 games and was declared inactive in 4 contests, while making 5 special teams tackles (tied for third on the team). He wasn't re-signed after the season.
Personal life
Gachkar overcame a life-threatening ailment to even be able to play football. In 2007, after his freshman year at Missouri, he was diagnosed with Thoracic Outlet Syndrome. He had developed a blood clot because his collarbone and rib cage were too close together to allow proper blood flow through his veins. As a result, he underwent major surgery to remove one of his ribs, and a second surgery after another clot developed. Gachkar spent more than 20 hours in surgery and nearly a month in the hospital and he lost 30 pounds. The surgeries initially put his football future in doubt, but Gachkar was diligent in his rehabilitation and he made it back for the 2008 season without missing a game.
On March 23, 2013, he married Lauren Nuckolls, a former Missouri Tiger volleyball player and his high school sweetheart.
References
External links
Missouri Tigers football bio
1988 births
Living people
American football linebackers
Carolina Panthers players
Dallas Cowboys players
Missouri Tigers football players
Sportspeople from Overland Park, Kansas
Players of American football from Kansas
San Diego Chargers players |
1185448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soul%20Embraced | Soul Embraced | Soul Embraced is an American Christian melodic death metal band from Little Rock, Arkansas. It was originally a side project for Rocky Gray and David Sroczynski.
History
Originally a side project of drummer David Sroczynski and William "Rocky" Gray from Shredded Corpse formed in 1997, the band dissolved after creating one song for a metal compilation in 1998. Gray reformed the band with fellow Living Sacrifice member Lance Garvin (drums) and his brother in-law Chad Moore (vocals).
When Gray and Garvin weren't busy with Living Sacrifice, they would hammer away with Charlie T. West at making material for their death metal side project. The band released an EP (The Fleshless EP), and three albums (For the Incomplete, This Is My Blood, Immune) over a five-year span. For the Incomplete was re-released in 2003 by the independent label Blood and Ink Records.
In 2002, the band was part of a sampler for Tarantula Promotions, titled Arachnid Terror Sampler, which featured bands such as Sanctifica, Tortured Conscience, Frosthardr and Frost Like Ashes.
Evanescence's song "Tourniquet" is a cover of the Soul Embraced song "My Tourniquet". From 2003 to 2007, Gray was busy with Evanescence as their drummer as well as his numerous other bands. Gray said in an interview after the release of Immune that the band planned on releasing two to three more albums and in 2006 announced two new band members: Jack Wiese on guitar and Jeff Bowie on bass. In June 2007 Jack Wiese left the band to spend more time on his other projects, and he was replaced by Devin Castle (who is also in Mourningside with Gray, Bowie, and Wiese)
Soul Embraced released Dead Alive in April 2008.
Soul Embraced stated on their Myspace that they "will continue with a new guitarist next year when we get ready to record the new record". After 10 years and three records Soul Embraced parted ways with Solid State Records on amicable terms. Mythos was released on Rottweiler Records.
In 2014, it was announced that former drummer, Lance Garvin, would be rejoining with the new lineup being, Rocky Gray (lead guitar), Chad Moore (vocals), Lance Garvin (Drums), Jon Dunn (bass), and Cody Smith (rhythm guitar). In 2017, the band stated that they have a new album coming soon. The band is working on a new tour and has announced that former Bassist Jeff Bowie has rejoined and pulling double duties with Soul Embraced, and their labelmates Becoming Saints.
Band members
Timeline
Discography
EPs
The Fleshless (1999)
Studio albums
Other songs
"Truth Solution" originally performed by Living Sacrifice on their album, Reborn.
References
External links
Soul Embraced on Reverb Nation
American Christian metal musical groups
American death metal musical groups
Christian extreme metal groups
Christian alternative metal groups
Heavy metal musical groups from Arkansas
Musical groups established in 1997
Solid State Records artists
Blood and Ink Records artists
American musical trios
Rottweiler Records artists
Musical groups from Little Rock, Arkansas |
72508265 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listed%20buildings%20in%20Weston%20Underwood%2C%20Derbyshire | Listed buildings in Weston Underwood, Derbyshire | Weston Underwood is a civil parish in the Amber Valley district of Derbyshire, England. The parish contains 16 listed buildings that are recorded in the National Heritage List for England. Of these, two are listed at Grade I, the highest of the three grades, one is at Grade II*, the middle grade, and the others are at Grade II, the lowest grade. The parish contains the villages of Weston Underwood and Mugginton and the surrounding area, including part of Kedleston Park. The listed buildings in the park are a bridge and a cascade, a Gothic temple, and a sawmill and engine houses. Elsewhere, they include houses, cottages and associated structures, farmhouses and farm buildings, a church and two mileposts.
Key
Buildings
References
Citations
Sources
Lists of listed buildings in Derbyshire |
377018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combination%20lock | Combination lock | A combination lock is a type of locking device in which a sequence of symbols, usually numbers, is used to open the lock. The sequence may be entered using a single rotating dial which interacts with several discs or cams, by using a set of several rotating discs with inscribed symbols which directly interact with the locking mechanism, or through an electronic or mechanical keypad. Types range from inexpensive three-digit luggage locks to high-security safes. Unlike ordinary padlocks, combination locks do not use keys.
History
The earliest known combination lock was excavated in a Roman period tomb on the Kerameikos, Athens. Attached to a small box, it featured several dials instead of keyholes. In 1206, the Muslim engineer Al-Jazari documented a combination lock in his book al-Ilm Wal-Amal al-Nafi Fi Sina'at al-Hiyal (The Book of Knowledge of Ingenious Mechanical Devices). Muhammad al-Asturlabi (ca. 1200) also made combination locks, two of which are kept in Copenhagen and Boston Museums.
Gerolamo Cardano later described a combination lock in the 16th century.
US Patents regarding combination padlocks by J.B. Gray in 1841 and by J.E. Treat in 1869 describe themselves as improvements, suggesting that such mechanisms were already in use.
Joseph Loch was said to have invented the modern combination lock for Tiffany's Jewelers in New York City, and from the 1870s to the early 1900s made many more improvements in the designs and functions of such locks. However his patent claim states "I do not claim as my invention a tumbler composed of two disks, one working within the other, such not being my invention.", but there is no reference to prior art of this type of lock.
The first commercially viable single-dial combination lock was patented on 1 February 1910 by John Junkunc, owner of American Lock Company.
Types
Multiple-dial locks
One of the simplest types of combination lock, often seen in low-security bicycle locks, briefcases, and suitcases, uses several rotating discs with notches cut into them. The lock is secured by a pin with several teeth on it which hook into the rotating discs. When the notches in the discs align with the teeth on the pin, the lock can be opened.
Single-dial locks
The rotary combination locks found on padlocks, lockers, or safes may use a single dial which interacts with several parallel discs or cams. Customarily, a lock of this type is opened by rotating the dial clockwise to the first numeral, counterclockwise to the second, and so on in an alternating fashion until the last numeral is reached. The cams typically have an indentation or notch, and when the correct permutation is entered, the notches align, allowing the latch to fit into them and open the lock.
The C. L. Gougler Keyless Locks Company manufactured locks for which the combination was a set number of audible clicks to the left and right, allowing them to be unlocked in darkness or by the vision-impaired.
In 1978 a combination lock which could be set by the user to a sequence of his own choosing was invented by Andrew Elliot Rae. At this time the electronic keypad was invented and he was unable to get any manufacturers to back his mechanical lock for lockers, luggage, or brief-cases. The silicon chip locks never became popular due to the need for battery power to maintain their integrity. The patent expired and the original mechanical invention was instantly manufactured and sold worldwide mainly for luggage, lockers, and hotel safes. It is now a standard part of the luggage used by travellers.
Other designs
Many doors use combination locks which require the user to enter a numeric sequence on a keypad to gain entry. These special locks usually require the additional use of electronic circuitry, although purely mechanical keypad locks have been available since 1936. The chief advantage of this system is that multiple persons can be granted access without having to supply an expensive physical key to each person. Also, in case the key is compromised, "changing" the lock requires only configuring a new key code and informing the users, which will generally be cheaper and quicker than the same process for traditional key locks.
Electronic combination locks, while generally safe from the attacks on their mechanical counterparts, suffer from their own set of flaws. If the arrangement of numbers is fixed, it is easy to determine the lock sequence by viewing several successful accesses. Similarly, the numbers in the combination (but not the actual sequence) may be determined by which keys show signs of recent use. More advanced electronic locks may scramble the numbers' locations randomly to prevent these attacks.
There is a variation of the traditional dial based combination lock wherein the "secret" is encoded in an electronic microcontroller. These are popular for safe and bank vault doors where tradition tends towards dial locks rather than keys. They allow many valid combinations, one per authorized user, so changing one person's access has no effect on other users. These locks often have auditing features, recording which combination is used at what time for every opening. Power for the lock may be provided by a battery or by a tiny generator set in operation by spinning the dial.
Internal mechanisms
A relock trigger, or internal relocker, is an integral part of the combination lock itself. It is usually designed to activate when the dial spindle is punched through. The trigger may consist of a spring-loaded lever or plunger that engages the bolt when the back cover is dislodged from the lock case. Some combination locks also are equipped with a thermal relock trigger that activates in the event of a torch attack. Nearly all safes made after World War II have relock triggers in their combination locks.
Manufacturers
ABUS
Master Lock
Sargent & Greenleaf
Wordlock
Dudley
Conair
Kaba Mas
CJSJ
See also
Electronic lock
Password
Immobiliser
Keycard
References
External links
How Combination Locks Work HowStuffWorks.com
Locks (security device)
Locksmithing
de:Schloss (Technik)#Zahlenschloss |
1117683 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loo%20%28surname%29 | Loo (surname) | Loo (written 盧/卢 as a Han character) may refer to these people:
Painting
Charles-Amédée-Philippe van Loo (1719–1795), French painter of allegorical scenes and portraits
Charles-André van Loo (1705–1765), French subject painter
Jean-Baptiste van Loo (1684–1745), French subject and portrait painter
Louis-Michel van Loo (1707–1771), French painter
Sport
Alexa Loo (born 1972), Canadian snowboarder
Katrin Loo (born 1991), Estonian footballer
Loo Hor-Kuay, Taiwanese Olympic basketball player
Martin Loo (born 1988), Estonian cross-country mountain biker
Rudolf Loo (1902–1983), Estonian amateur wrestler
Other
Ellen Joyce Loo (1986–2018), member of the Hong Kong musical group at17
Raine Loo (1945–2020), Estonian actress
Richard Loo (1903–1982), Chinese American film actor
Dutch-language surnames
Estonian-language surnames |
64009971 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda%20Douglas | Linda Douglas | Linda Douglas (born Mary Joanne Tarola; February 27, 1928May 2017) was an American model and actress. A native of Portland, Oregon, she began modeling and appearing in beauty contests as a teenager, and was named as a Princess to the Portland Rose Festival representing Grant High in 1947. She was discovered by a talent scout of Howard Hughes while sitting in a hotel lobby in Phoenix and eventually embarked on an acting career in 1952. Under the stage name Linda Douglas, she starred in two Westerns: Trail Guide and Target (both 1952), followed by the drama Affair with a Stranger (1953), in which she was billed under her birth name.
Douglas garnered publicity when she married film producer and mobster Pat DiCicco, former husband of Thelma Todd and Gloria Vanderbilt, in 1952. The couple divorced in 1960 after eight years of marriage. Douglas subsequently married Major League Baseball player Hank Greenberg in 1966, after which she went by the name Mary Jo Greenberg. She remained married to him until his death in 1986. She died in Los Angeles in 2017.
Biography
1928–1950: Early life
Douglas was born Mary Joanne Tarola in Portland, Oregon to Mildred (née Andeerson) and Joseph Tarola. Her mother was a native of Alaska, born to Swedish immigrants, while her father was an immigrant from Italy. She had two older brothers, Hoyt and Ralph, and considered herself "a bit of a tomboy." Tall and blonde, Douglas was noticed at age 17 by a talent agent of Howard Hughes while sitting in a hotel lobby in Phoenix. She had been in Arizona at the time visiting her mother, who after divorcing Douglas' father relocated there for the drier climate in an effort to reduce symptoms of arthritis.
Douglas initially accepted Hughes' invitation and flew with her mother to Los Angeles on one of Hughes' private airplanes to complete screen tests. Recalling the event, Douglas said: "Even then, Howard Hughes had a questionable reputation regarding women. This was after he had produced The Outlaw with Jane Russell and had a slew of famous girlfriends, including Jean Harlow. Anyway, my father got wind of thismy parents were divorcedand he got word to Howard Hughes that if he laid a hand on me, he'd shoot him." After completing screen tests, Douglas was offered a film contract by Hughes at RKO Pictures, but declined as her father insisted she complete her education first. She returned to Portland, where she finished her senior year at Grant High School. Douglas worked as beauty contestant and model in Portland, and was named queen of the Portland Rose Festival in 1947.
1951–2016: Film career and marriages
Returning to Los Angeles, she made her feature film debut in the Western Trail Guide, followed by Target (both 1952), under the stage name Linda Douglas. On December 12, 1952, Douglas married film producer Pat DiCicco, former husband of Thelma Todd and Gloria Vanderbilt, in Beverly Hills, California. After the wedding Douglas formally retired from acting. "I was never really interested in it," she recalled. "And I was never comfortable with it." Douglas and DiCicco eventually divorced in 1960, after which Douglas briefly dated singer Andy Williams.
In the early 1960s, Douglas began dating Major League Baseball player Hank Greenberg. She had first met Greenberg briefly in 1955 while visiting New York City to attend the World Series with her then-husband, DeCicco: "We were the guests of Dan Topping, the then the co-owner of the Yankees... As we were getting into our limousines in front of the Park Lane Hotel, Pat took me aside to introduce me to Hank Greenberg." Douglas recalled that, after the meeting, she observed DeCicco, Topping, and others in their limousine making anti-semitic remarks: "It was my first experience with antisemitism. It left an impression." Douglas and Greenberg's romance received significant publicity, and the two were married in a small ceremony in Virginia in late November 1966, after which Douglas went by the name Mary Jo Greenberg.
1966–2016: Later life
After marrying Greenberg, Douglas traveled between her home in Los Angeles and his in New York City, though the couple eventually settled in Los Angeles, They lived in the Fields House, a Regency-style home in Beverly Hills designed by architect Craig Ellwood. Douglas was widowed in 1986 after Greenberg's death, and spent the remainder of her life living in the home she had shared with Greenberg. In July 1999, she established the Mary Jo and Hank Greenberg Animal Welfare Foundation, a nonprofit animal welfare organization for homeless and neglected animals.
Death
Douglas died in May 2017 in Los Angeles.
Filmography
References
Sources
External links
1928 births
2017 deaths
Actresses from Portland, Oregon
American people of Italian descent
American people of Swedish descent
American beauty pageant contestants
American animal welfare workers
Female models from Oregon
Grant High School (Portland, Oregon) alumni
21st-century American women |
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