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15620519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foodland%20Hawaii | Foodland Hawaii | "Foodland" (Full name Foodland Super Market, Ltd.) is an American supermarket chain, headquartered in Honolulu, Hawaii. Foodland operates 32 stores throughout the state of Hawaii under the "Foodland," "Foodland Farms," and "Sack 'N Save" names. "Food, Family, Friends & Aloha" is their current slogan. The chain is in the process of adding more locations in Hawaii. The chain serves as the flagship of the Sullivan Family of Companies.
History
The chain opened its first store in Honolulu's Market City in 1948. The founder, Maurice J. "Sully" Sullivan came from Ireland to Hawaii and opened a supermarket called Foodland. By 1967 it had expanded statewide. They are the largest locally-owned supermarket chain in Hawaii as well as the oldest. It competes with another Honolulu-based supermarket chain with locations statewide, Times Supermarkets, and national chains Safeway, Costco, Don Quijote, and Walmart. The current chairman and CEO of Foodland Super Market is Jenai S. Wall.
The "FoodLand" name
"FoodLand" is also the name of at least three regional supermarket chains in the United States. The other two are in the western Pennsylvania/West Virginia area, where a different, unrelated FoodLand has stores. An undetermined number of stores located particularly in Alabama, share the same logo as the Pennsylvania-based chain, but appear to be otherwise separate.
The name "Foodland," being fairly generic and apparently not a registered trademark, appears as all or part of the name of countless unaffiliated grocery stores throughout the country, as well as in Australia, Canada, Iceland and Thailand.
References
External links
FoodLand (Hawaii) website
Supermarkets of the United States
Companies based in Hawaii
1948 establishments in Hawaii
Retail companies established in 1948
Grocery stores in Hawaii
American companies established in 1948
Retail companies based in Hawaii |
64249791 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faldbakken | Faldbakken | Faldbakken is a Norwegian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Knut Faldbakken (born 1941), Norwegian novelist
Matias Faldbakken (born 1973), Norwegian artist and writer
Stefan Faldbakken (born 1972), Norwegian film director and screenwriter
Norwegian-language surnames |
66405413 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism%20of%20Tesla%2C%20Inc. | Criticism of Tesla, Inc. | Tesla, Inc. has been criticized for its cars, workplace culture, business practices, and occupational safety. Many of the criticisms are also directed toward Elon Musk, the company's CEO and Product Architect. Critics have also accused Tesla of deceptive marketing, unfulfilled promises, and fraud. The company is currently facing criminal and civil investigations into its self-driving claims. Critics have highlighted Tesla's downplaying of issues, and Tesla's alleged retaliation against several whistleblowers.
The safety and quality of Tesla cars and services have been questioned. There have been hundreds of reports of sudden unintended acceleration, brake failures, and "whompy wheels" – collapsing wheels due to faulty car suspension. These safety and quality problems have been compounded by the poor wait times of Tesla's customer service. Some features such as Autopilot, Full Self-Driving beta, and Passenger Play (a feature allowing riders to play Tesla games while in motion) have been criticized for their careless deployment. Critics have noted that some Tesla cars have had poor build quality due to rushed testing, leading to a high ratio of flawed vehicles. Others criticized the company's "stealth" vehicle recalls, requiring customers to sign non-disclosure agreements.
Relationships between Musk, Tesla board members, employees, and unions have been complicated, partly resulting in a high turnover rate. Employees have reported poor treatment and policies, resulting in a high injury rate, with some having faced sexual harassment, racism, and union-busting incidents. Tesla's environmental practices, use of cryptocurrencies, and compliance with open source licenses have been mentioned by critics. Detractors also claim that Tesla and Musk's public relations activities have been used to deflect criticisms.
Musk and his company have been repeatedly accused of engaging in fraud, such as in their buyout of SolarCity, selling defective vehicles, overpromising, and posting reckless tweets. One tweet resulted in Musk agreeing to pay a fine and step down as Tesla's chairman. Proponents and opponents of Tesla consistently accuse each other of conflict of interests, believing Tesla's stock valuation is either under or overvalued.
Fraud allegations
SolarCity buyout
The so-described "SolarCity debacle" led a group of Tesla shareholders to file a lawsuit alleging Musk breached his fiduciary duties and unjustly enriched himself in Tesla's buyout of SolarCity in 2016. The shareholders claim that Musk knew SolarCity was going broke before the buyout, that Musk failed to properly recuse himself from the deal-making process, and that the deal was, in effect, a bailout of Musk's cousins Peter and Lyndon Rive. In order to gain shareholder support for the buyout, Musk unveiled the Solar Roof in October 2016, but the Solar Roof tiles that Musk displayed were later revealed to be fake. The trial was held in July 2021. The court ruled in Musk's favor in April 2022. Lawyers and legal academics criticized the ruling as a mistake. In March 2023, the ruling was appealed; a ruling from the Delaware Supreme Court is expected within 90 days.
Tesla was sued along with SolarCity in July 2018 for SolarCity allegedly firing three employees improperly after they blew the whistle on fraudulent sales records at the company. In June 2020, the lawsuit was dismissed with prejudice.
"Funding secured"
In September 2018, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) charged Musk with securities fraud for his "false and misleading" statements after tweeting that he had "funding secured" to take Tesla private. The SEC also charged Tesla with failing to have adequate controls and procedures in place regarding Musk's tweets.
Musk settled the fraud charges with the SEC in 2018, agreeing to pay a $20 million fine and stepping down as Tesla's chairman. Tesla also agreed to pay a $20 million fine and put in place additional controls to oversee Musk's communications.
According to The Wall Street Journal, the SEC told Tesla in May 2020 that the company had failed "to enforce these procedures and controls despite repeated violations by Mr. Musk". A lawsuit filed in March 2021 alleges that Musk violated his fiduciary duty to Tesla by continuing to send "erratic" tweets in violation of the SEC settlement, and that the board has failed to control Musk. On April 1, 2022, a federal judge ruled that Musk "recklessly made the [2018] statements with knowledge as to their falsity". Comments made by Musk later in April 2022 disputing the factual basis of his settlement with the SEC likely violated the terms of the settlement agreement.
Accounting
In 2017, a lawsuit alleged Tesla made materially false and misleading statements regarding its preparedness to produce Model 3 cars. The U.S. Department of Justice also began an investigation in 2018 into whether Tesla misled investors and misstated production figures about the Model 3. The lawsuit was dismissed in Tesla's favor in March 2019.
In 2018 Francine McKenna, investigative journalist and lecturer in accounting at Wharton, claimed Tesla made use of new revenue recognition accounting rules (adopted 1 January 2018) to post a first-quarter revenue beat. The new rules allow cars leased through its leasing partners to generally qualify to be accounted for as sales with a right of return, rather than operating leases, allowing an accelerating recording of revenue for Tesla. In May 2018, Tesla reported a final adjustment of $623 million to its cumulative earnings resulting from the revenue recognition change.
In November 2019, hedge fund manager David Einhorn accused Elon Musk of "significant fraud" and in April 2020, questioned Tesla's accounting, in particular their large accounts receivable balance. Musk responded on X (formerly Twitter) to Einhorn's claims with a kissing-face emoji and attached a letter signed "Treelon Musk" containing "...It is understandable you wish to save face with your investors ... [and] desire to feel somehow relevant with your Tesla short position." In the same letter, Musk promised to send Einhorn "a small gift of short shorts". Einhorn later received a package of shorts from Musk but Einhorn noted they came with "some manufacturing defects". Later, in 2020, numerous reporters and financial analysts speculated that Tesla could be the next Wirecard scandal.
The SEC received a whistleblower complaint in 2021 detailing numerous allegations of that Tesla "may have violated securities law and flouted accounting standards" from a former Tesla employee and a researcher. The SEC looked at one portion of the complaint, then closed the investigation without interviewing the submitters, or evaluating the 18,000 files of documentation.
In August 2023, Tesla's Chief Financial Officer Zach Kirkhorn resigned unexpectedly. Dan Ives, a tech analyst at Wedbush Securities, speculated about various scenarios in which Kirkhorn might have left amicably, but also speculated about one possible scenario where Kirkhorn may have left due to a disagreement with Musk over "some aspect of strategy or succession".
Autopilot and Full Self-Driving fraud
, Tesla is facing a criminal probe from the US Department of Justice over claims it has made about its "Full Self-Driving" driver-assist system or capability. The company has been criticized for selling and promoting its so-called Full Self-Driving (FSD) beta add-on, when in fact the software requires drivers' constant supervision and is not actually capable of full self-driving. Tesla's Full Self-Driving beta is generally considered a SAE Level 2 advanced driver-assistance system, similar to competitors' offerings such as General Motors' Super Cruise and Ford's Co-Pilot360. Legal scholars William Widen and Philip Koopman argue that Tesla has misrepresented FSD beta as SAE Level 2 in order to "avoid regulatory oversight and permitting processes required of more highly automated vehicles." They argue that FSD beta should actually be considered a SAE Level 4 technology, and have urged state Departments of Transportation in the U.S. to classify it as such, because publicly available videos show that "beta test drivers operate their vehicles as if to validate SAE Level 4 (high driving automation) features, often revealing dramatically risky situations created by use of the vehicles in this manner."
Tesla has benefited from increased sales and profit margins due to sales of the FSD option in particular, priced at $15,000 . In April 2019, when Tesla was low on capital, Musk announced that Tesla would have one million robotaxis on the road by the end of 2020; a few weeks later Tesla sold stock to raise an additional $3 billion, solving its cash troubles.
Elon Musk has repeatedly claimed that Tesla vehicles will be capable of full autonomy in the near future, but a Freedom of Information Act request made by PlainSite revealed that Tesla told the California Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) in December 2020 they "do not expect significant enhancements" to the Full Self-Driving software that would enable full self-driving. In May 2021, the California DMV said it was investigating whether Tesla violated state regulations by misleading customers in its claims about "full self-driving". Bryant Walker Smith, an autonomous vehicle law expert at the University of South Carolina, said "it's so obviously clear that there's a contradiction" between what Tesla is saying in its marketing of Full Self-Driving versus what its lawyers and engineers have told the DMV. Smith said that using the name Full Self-Driving "leaves the domain of the misleading and irresponsible to something that could be called fraudulent". In August 2022, records surfaced showing that the California DMV had formally accused Tesla of false advertising Autopilot and FSD in July.
In Germany in July 2020, authorities ruled that Tesla misled consumers regarding the "abilities of its automated driving systems" and banned it from using certain marketing language implying autonomous driving capabilities. Upon appeal, that decision was reversed in 2021 by a higher court under the condition that Tesla clarify the capabilities of Autopilot on its website.
In a 2021 lawsuit against Tesla, Texas police officers claimed "systematic fraud" involving Tesla Autopilot after a Model X crashed into two parked police cars. , a trial has been requested. In September 2022, Tesla was sued by drivers in a proposed class action suit over alleged false advertising of Autopilot and FSD.
Insiders revealed to the press in 2022 that the U.S. Department of Justice launched an investigation in 2022 following reports of more than a dozen crashes that involved Autopilot. Then, in a 2023 quarterly company report, Tesla stated receiving subpoenas from the Department in connection with the investigation and other probes.
Reselling defective vehicles
In mid 2020, Tesla was accused of reselling defective "lemon" cars in the U.S. and Europe, followed by accounts of Norway Tesla service centers using lemons as loaners. Multiple customers have accused Tesla of knowingly selling defective vehicles in China as well. In September 2021, a Chinese court ruled that Tesla had acted in a fraudulent manner by reselling a customer a defective used Model S car.
Safety issues
Autopilot
Critics argue that Tesla has published misleading safety claims about its Autopilot driver-assistance system, and that Tesla cars are actually less safe with Autopilot activated. Tesla's "public beta" release of Autopilot has been called unsafe and irresponsible, as critical safety features aren't thoroughly tested before being released to consumers. The National Transportation Safety Board has criticized Tesla for neglecting driver safety, calling certain Autopilot features "completely inadequate", and cited Autopilot as the probable cause of multiple deadly crashes involving Tesla vehicles. A 2019 study found that Autosteer increased the odds of airbag deployment by a factor of 2.4. A 2020 study found that drivers were more distracted when they used Autopilot, and the researchers called on Tesla to take more steps to ensure drivers stay attentive. Another 2020 study identified significant inconsistencies, abnormalities, and unsafe behavior with Autopilot on three Tesla Model 3 cars. Numerous videos have shown misuse and apparent malfunctions of Autopilot leading to collisions, and between 2016 and 2022 at least fifteen fatalities have involved the use of Autopilot, nine of which occurred in the United States.
The Center for Auto Safety and Consumer Watchdog have criticized Tesla for what they believe are deceptive marketing practices related to Autopilot. Studies by AAA and the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety have shown the name "Autopilot" to be misleading, causing drivers to think the system is safer than it actually is. A German court ruled in 2020 that Tesla had misled consumers by using the terms "Autopilot" and "Full Self Driving".
As of March 2021, the NHTSA was investigating 23 recent accidents involving Tesla vehicles that may have been on Autopilot. Tesla's Autopilot technology has struggled to detect crossing traffic and stopped vehicles, including stationary emergency vehicles, which has led to multiple fatal crashes. (Tesla released an "Emergency Light Detection" over-the-air update to Autopilot in September 2021, and the NHTSA questioned why it didn't issue a recall.) Additionally, an MIT study published in September 2021 found that Tesla Autopilot is not as safe as it claims and leads to drivers becoming inattentive from regular use of the system.
In February 2022, NHTSA began an investigation of phantom braking at highway speeds after 354 complaints from customers concerning a group of about 416,000 Tesla vehicles. The complaints describe rapid deceleration that can occur repeatedly without warning and apparently at random. One owner of a 2021 Tesla Model Y reported a violent deceleration to the NHTSA from 80 mph to 69 mph in less than a second. In May 2022, the NHTSA said in a letter that they had received over 750 complaints about this issue.
In June 2022, NHTSA announced it was investigating 16 instances in which Autopilot shut off less than a second before a collision. Fortune suggested this "might indicate the system was designed to shut off when it sensed an imminent accident". Fortune also pointed out that Musk has frequently claimed that "accidents cannot be the fault of the company, as data it extracted invariably showed Autopilot was not active in the moment of the collision". Senator Ed Markey praised the NHTSA investigation, criticizing Tesla for disregarding safety rules and misleading the public about its "Autopilot" system.
Full Self-Driving
Tesla has also been criticized by industry observers and safety advocates for its "fast-and-loose approach" to developing its automated-driving technology. Critics argue that pedestrians, cyclists, and other drivers didn't sign up to take part in Tesla's "lab experiment" of testing Full Self Driving with amateur drivers on public roads. In July 2021, many videos surfaced showing dangerous behavior in Tesla vehicles using the latest version of the Full Self-Driving (FSD) beta add-on.
Tesla initially required all customers to sign a non-disclosure agreement in order to take part in the FSD beta testing, which journalists noted as an attempt by Tesla to hide the system's flaws and protect itself from critics who argue that Tesla is actually making roads more dangerous. In response, the NHTSA sent a formal letter to Tesla asking about the terms of the NDA. Since then, videos of incidents from many beta testers have been posted online. Billionaire software safety advocate Dan O'Dowd aired a commercial claiming to show a Tesla running over child-sized mannequins several times; this generated a cease-and-desist letter from Tesla, which O'Dowd dismissed.
In August 2022, consumer rights activist Ralph Nader called on the NHTSA to outright remove FSD from all applicable Tesla cars. Vice and Consumer Reports also noted the poor implementation of Tesla's "Safety Score" measurement, which has led to drivers taking unsafe actions such as not braking for cyclists in the hopes of increasing their safety scores.
In February 2022, Tesla agreed to remove the "rolling stop" option from the add-on after the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration complained the practice is unsafe, and illegal everywhere in the United States.
Fire risk
Leaked emails revealed that starting in 2012 Tesla knowingly sold Model S cars with a design flaw in its battery that could cause fires. Toyota ended their partnership with Tesla in 2014 in part because of disagreements about structural designs that could help prevent battery damage from road debris which could cause fires. Following a National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) investigation into two high-profile Tesla vehicle fires in 2014, Tesla added a titanium underbody shield to better protect the battery from road debris.
The NHTSA investigated Tesla in 2019 for allegedly issuing over-the-air updates to cover-up a non-crash fire risk in their batteries. In early 2021, Chinese regulators reprimanded Tesla after an increase in customer complaints about battery fires.
Sudden unintended acceleration
Over 200 incidents of sudden unintended acceleration in Tesla vehicles were reviewed by the NHTSA following a defect petition filed in December 2019. The investor who filed the defect petition said that the number of sudden unintended acceleration incidents involving Tesla vehicles was "astonishingly high" compared to other vehicles. The NHTSA concluded in January 2021 that the incidents were the result of user error, due to drivers confusing the brake and accelerator pedals.
In June 2021, Chinese regulators announced that Tesla would recall nearly 300,000 China-made and imported Model 3 and Model Y cars due to an assisted driving function that could be activated accidentally, causing sudden unintended acceleration.
Brake failures
In March 2021, the owner of a new Model 3 in China reported an accident that she believed was caused by a brake failure; a Tesla China technician reproduced the accident at the same location. Tesla China later issued a statement saying that both the customer's and the technician's cars showed no signs of any malfunction.
In April 2021, an angry Tesla owner protested atop a Tesla Model 3 at the Shanghai Auto Show, repeatedly yelling "Tesla brake lost control". The woman says that the brakes on her Tesla Model 3 failed, nearly killing four of her family members in an accident. Tesla China disputed the claim, saying the car's brakes and emergency-warning system functioned properly.
Stealth recalls
Tesla has been accused of performing "stealth recalls" by labeling safety-critical repairs as "goodwill", while also requiring customers to sign non-disclosure agreements. Journalist and author Ed Niedermeyer called this type of agreement "unheard of in the auto industry", and noted that a policy of demanding non-disclosure agreements for "goodwill" repairs would limit the number of defects Tesla owners reported to the NHTSA. The NHTSA stated they were aware that Tesla had entered into a "troublesome" non-disclosure agreement with one Model S owner regarding a failed suspension.
Misleading safety ratings
In 2013, the NHTSA awarded the original Tesla Model S its maximum safety rating of five stars. Tesla subsequently claimed that - based on the details of the test - it actually achieved 5.4 stars, prompting the NHTSA to release a statement reaffirming that it does not award more than five stars, and that Tesla was "misleading the public" by claiming in their marketing that the NHTSA had awarded them a higher rating.
In 2017, the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) awarded the Model S their second-highest rating of "acceptable," denying the Model S a "Top Safety Pick" rating due to less than satisfactory results in a frontal overlap crash test of the vehicle and its "poor" headlights. Tesla responded by accusing groups like the IIHS of using methods "that suit their own subjective purposes", and dismissed the results by claiming that the Model S and Model X were "the safest cars in history" based on the NHTSA's older and less comprehensive tests. Reporters noted Tesla's dismissiveness of potential safety concerns, calling it "irresponsible" and "ridiculous."
In 2018, after the Tesla Model 3 was awarded a five-star rating by the NHTSA, Tesla claimed that the Model 3 had "the lowest probability of injury of any vehicle ever tested by NHTSA," prompting the NHTSA to publish a statement that it does not rank vehicles within the five-star category. In 2019, documents acquired by PlainSite revealed that the NHTSA had sent Elon Musk a cease and desist letter in response to this and several other "deceptive" and "inaccurate" statements about the NHTSA's ratings which were made by Tesla and promoted on social media by Musk. The NHTSA then referred the matter to the U.S. Federal Trade Commission's Bureau of Consumer Protection for further investigation.
"Whompy wheels"
Starting in 2015, many Tesla drivers have complained about "whompy wheels"—an issue where the car's suspension system breaks, sometimes causing a wheel to collapse or fall off the car. Rather than issue a recall on potentially defective suspensions, Tesla has released multiple technical service bulletins warning mechanics about suspension issues. In October 2020, Chinese authorities forced Tesla to recall 30,000 Model S and X cars due to the suspension issue.
Passenger Play
In December 2021, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration opened an investigation into Tesla's Passenger Play feature, which allowed riders to play games on the car's touchscreen even while the vehicle was in motion. The agency's inquiry included four models - S, X, Y and 3. A day after the investigation was officially launched, Tesla responded with an over-the-air update that disabled Passenger Play for vehicles in motion and making it only accessible while the car is parked. However, NHTSA stated it will continue with the investigation.
Musk's promises
According to Bethany McLean, skeptics have come to see Elon Musk's attempts at promoting Tesla as "more unhinged than iconoclastic", and noted his "penchant for making grandiose statements that he either knows are not true at the time he makes them, or that he has no real intent of following through on." Other critics go further and characterize Musk's overpromising as "unethical" or manipulative in order to "raise capital, collect customer deposits, or secure regulatory benefits." Musk has made numerous promises about Tesla that have failed to come true, including:
From 2014 to 2023, Musk has promised some form of full self-driving "next year" or the end of that year each year. Musk said in 2015 that he did not think making fully autonomous cars was very difficult, and predicted "complete autonomy" by 2018. Starting in at least 2019, Musk has claimed that Tesla vehicles are capable of "full self-driving," but Tesla's Autopilot is only a Level 2 advanced driver-assistance system, requiring drivers to maintain full attention and be prepared to take control of the vehicle at a moment's notice. In 2019, Musk said that Tesla would have more than 1 million robotaxis on the road in 2020, and sold a "Full Self-Driving capability" package, despite the technology not yet being available. Experts stated the 2020 prediction was unrealistic and Tesla had no chance of achieving it. In April 2020, Musk admitted that "punctuality is not my strong suit" and robotaxis in some form could be in operation sometime in 2021, which they did not. In 2021, Tesla was ranked last for both strategy and execution in the autonomous driving sector by Guidehouse Insights.
Musk claimed in 2016 that the Nevada Gigafactory would be a net zero-emissions facility, running on 100% renewable energy from solar panels covering the factory's roof. The Gigafactory needs at least 300 megawatts of power, but , Tesla has only 8 megawatts of solar panels on the Gigafactory roof.
In 2018, Musk conceded that his 2016 plan for "excessive automation at Tesla was a mistake." Tesla ended up building some of its Model 3 cars in a tent using mostly manual labor who used shortcuts.
In 2018, Musk said "Brake pads on a Tesla literally never need to be replaced for lifetime of the car.". The price to change a Tesla's brakes is $8500.
Musk said that 2019 would be the "year of the solar roof," and was hoping Tesla would manufacture 1,000 roofs a week by the end of the year. Publications estimated that solar roofs were installed on less than 100 homes and challenged his prediction. Then, in June 2020, Tesla cancelled many customers' orders for solar roof installations, saying they were outside of their service area. Customers complained about being upset with this decision since they had placed $1,000 deposits for pre-orders as early as 2017. , about 23 roofs per week are being installed.
In 2019, Musk said that "Tesla will have 1 million robotaxis on roads next year". In 2022, he said that robotaxi are expected to be produced by 2024.
In 2021, it was reported CEOs of major automotive manufacturers had approached Tesla for electric vehicle technology that it was supposedly open to sharing and were instead offered the opportunity to purchase regulatory credits by Musk, suggesting that the company and Musk "may not be not as eager for the electric revolution to occur as [they claim]".
Whistleblower allegations and retaliation
In June 2018, Martin Tripp, a former employee at Giga Nevada, leaked documents to Business Insider that indicated Tesla was generating excessive amounts of waste and scrap material, which cost Tesla nearly $150 million for the first half of 2018. According to Bloomberg, after determining that Tripp was the source of this leak, Elon Musk set out to "destroy" him. A former Tesla security manager, Sean Gouthro, described a months-long campaign by Tesla to "hound" and harass Tripp, including hacking into Tripp's phone and having him followed by investigators. On June 20, the same day that Tesla sued Tripp for $167 million, an anonymous caller contacted Tesla and claimed that Tripp was planning a mass shooting at the Gigafactory. Police found Tripp unarmed and determined the threat was not credible; Tripp suggested the fake tip may have been made by Musk himself. The court ruled in Tesla's favor on September 17, 2020, though questions remain about the wasted materials and why they were left unaccounted for in corporate reports.
Also in June 2018, a former high-level safety official at Tesla named Carlos Ramirez sued the company for failing to treat injured workers and misclassifying worker injuries to avoid reporting them to authorities. Ramirez alleged that he was fired by Tesla in retaliation for raising concerns about these practices. , the case is unresolved.
In August 2018, a former Tesla employee named Karl Hansen filed a whistleblower complaint with the SEC alleging that Tesla failed to disclose an alleged drug trafficking ring at the Nevada Gigafactory "involving the sale of significant quantities of cocaine and possibly crystal methamphetamine" for a Mexican drug cartel. Hansen also accused Tesla of spying on employees and hiding the theft of $37 million worth of copper and other raw materials. Hansen alleged that he was retaliated against and wrongfully terminated by Tesla for raising these issues internally. In 2019, Hansen filed a lawsuit related to these allegations; in 2020, the case was ordered to arbitration. In June 2022, the arbitrator filed an unopposed motion with the court stating Hansen "has failed to establish the claims...Accordingly his claims are denied, and he shall take nothing". In 2019, former factory supervisor Lynn Thompson also sued Tesla for terminating his security contract after he reported the same theft to local authorities. Thompson said that Elon Musk and other high-level company executives met to discuss the thefts. In 2020, the case lawsuit was stayed pending arbitration.
In November 2020, a former Tesla employee named Steven Henkes filed a lawsuit alleging he was fired by Tesla in retaliation for raising safety concerns about "unacceptable fire risks" in the company's solar installations. Tesla solar installations have caught fire at seven Walmart locations, as well as an Amazon warehouse and Tesla attempted to correct some installations in secret. , the case is unresolved.
Misuse of government subsidies
Tesla has been accused of gaming the California Air Resources Board system for zero-emission vehicle credits by launching a "battery swap" program that was never made available to the public. In 2018, the state of Oregon reclaimed $13 million from Tesla after an investigation found that SolarCity had falsely inflated the prices on 14 large-scale solar projects in 2010–2014 by over 100% in order to qualify for higher tax credits.
Since 2019, Tesla has sold a 94-mile range Model 3 in Canada in order to thwart their limits on electric vehicle tax incentives, which has cost Canadian taxpayers C$115 million. Aaron Wudrick, director of the Canadian Taxpayers Federation, accused Tesla of gaming the system by listing the no-frills model one dollar below the program's cut-off price of C$45,000. As of October 2020, Tesla had sold only 126 of the base model, versus 12,000 of the higher-end Standard Range Plus. Wudrick said, "Tesla and their wealthier customers are making off like bandits at taxpayers' expense."
Tesla has faced significant criticism regarding its Giga New York factory, which was built and equipped using nearly $1 billion in New York taxpayer money. Allegations in 2018 and 2019 include inflated job promises, cost overruns, construction delays, and a lack of effort from Musk.
Many observers have criticized Musk and Tesla's dependence on government subsidies. Critics have argued that these subsidies are inefficient and inequitable, as they go mainly to high-income households. As of 2015, Musk's companies Tesla, SolarCity, and SpaceX benefited from an estimated $4.9 billion in government subsidies. In December 2020, journalist Jacob Silverman in The New Republic accused Tesla and Musk of "grifting the government" and getting "unimaginably rich by maximally gaming the government's largesse".
Fandom
Tesla has been noted for having an especially loyal and devoted fanbase, which has been likened to a cult, in particular a cult of personality around Elon Musk. According to Vice, there are "quasi-religious overtones" in any debate about Tesla. Ed Niedermeyer characterizes the culture that Tesla has fostered as "ambitious, aggressive, ruthless, defensive, and unapologetic" and has speculated that Musk orchestrated a "hype campaign" to gain fans and positive media coverage.
Tesla's loyal fan base has frequently turned toxic, attacking critics with "relentless fervor" while focused on harassing female journalists. An account in the Detroit Free Press illustrated the serious threats made by fans to a fellow Tesla owner and videoblogger for praising the Ford Mustang Mach-E. Scientist and engineer Missy Cummings was also the subject of personal harassment by Tesla advocates following the announcement of her joining the NHTSA as a senior advisor. Jennifer Homendy, head of the National Transportation Safety Board, said that the attacks against Cummings were a calculated attempt to distract from safety questions regarding Tesla's driver-assist and "full self-driving" technologies. Separately, Tesla fans became the subject of ridicule themselves after several fans independently tested Autopilot's automated braking system using children and homemade child-like dummies. Videos of some of the tests were later removed from YouTube for violating their child endangerment policy.
An article from Deutschlandfunk describes how "online armies take on defense work and information policy for Elon Musk" via tech blogs and social media. In addition, Tesla's clean-energy division Tesla Energy is alleged to have a team dedicated to searching for customer complaints on social media and asking them to delete their comments. A separate team is dedicated to managing negative social media posts aimed specifically at Elon Musk. Electrek, the largest electric car news site, has consistently promoted Tesla and has been accused of failing to disclose its conflicts of interest and close relationship with Tesla. Researchers found 186 bot accounts on Twitter that have consistently published positive sentiments about Tesla, which they say "may have buffered the Tesla narrative from an emergent group of critics, relieved downward pressure on the Tesla stock price and amplified pro-Tesla sentiment from the time of the firm's IPO in June 2010 to the end of 2020."
Environmental practices
In June 2019, Ed Niedermeyer reported that Tesla showed a pattern of "chronic noncompliance that stands in stark contrast to Tesla's public image as an environmental crusader" as related to air quality permits at Tesla's Fremont factory. Tesla repeatedly ignored air quality regulations, receiving notices from the Bay Area Air Quality Management District for 21 permit deviations.
Tesla launched its Supercharger network in 2012 with the promise that its stations would be solar-powered, and only in 2021 did Tesla state the network power was 100% renewable, but through solar power on-site and through purchasing electricity which was matched to renewable generation. Despite the company's anti-carbon and anti-oil messaging, some Supercharger stations used diesel generators for backup power in 2015.
Tesla's 2018 impact report was criticized for not disclosing details on its emissions or electricity consumption, though emissions are rising as they expand in China and India. Tesla's 2021 impact report was criticized for not disclosing enough about how their operations affect the environment.
In May 2022, Tesla was removed from the S&P 500 ESG Index by S&P Dow Jones Indices, and in response, Elon Musk posted a tweet to his Twitter account criticizing the decision and, in noting that ExxonMobil was rated within the top 10 constituent companies in the index by weight, accused ESG of being a scam.
Quality issues
Many critics, including Consumer Reports, J.D. Power, and What Car?, have noted the questionable quality and poor reliability of Tesla cars. For 2021, Consumer Reports rated Tesla's overall reliability as 27th worst out of 28 car brands. For 2022, Consumer Reports expects the reliability of the Model 3 to be average, and the Model S, X, and Y to be below average.
Tesla used non-automotive grade materials in their 2012 and later Model S infotainment screens in order to have the largest car screen on the market, but they distorted over time. Tesla skipped pre-production testing before the Model 3 launch in 2017, which other major auto manufacturers consider a crucial part of the quality control process. Tesla's production of the Model 3 was criticized in 2018 for producing an abnormally high ratio of flawed vehicles and parts. Jonathon Klein, reporting for The Drive, argued in 2019 that many of Tesla's quality problems stem from their cars being "rushed to market". For example, Tesla skipped a critical brake-and-roll test and reduced the number of welds on the Model 3 in order to meet quarterly production targets in 2018. Tesla vehicles have experienced noteworthy issues such as the roof detaching while driving on the highway in 2020. In September 2020, Model Y owners reported finding its cooling system to be held together with a "band-aid" of tape and faux wood. One manufacturing engineer in 2021 called an issue with Tesla vehicles having loose or missing suspension bolts "especially scary", since it indicates that Tesla does not have proper preventative measures in place to make sure parts are not missing. In early 2023, the steering wheel of a brand new Tesla fell off during driving, closely reflecting a similar case from 2020. Chinese regulators rebuked Tesla in early 2021, urging them to strengthen their internal management in order to improve quality control after growing consumer complaints amidst Tesla's rapid sales expansion in China.
Recalls have become a recurring matter for the company as well: In February 2021, Tesla was forced to recall 135,000 Model S and Model X vehicles built between 2012 and 2018 due to using a flash memory device that was only rated to last five to six years and, between November 2021 and February 2022, there were eight recalls across models for various issues (some involving safety concerns).
German Technical Inspection Association 2022 Report
In the 2022 the German Technical Inspection Association (Technischer Überwachungsverein or TÜV) evaluated passenger cars whose main inspections took place between July 2020 and June 2021, and did its first-ever evaluation of the four most popular electric cars in Germany, with their defect rates:
With a defect rate of 10.7 percent, every tenth Tesla Model S failed the inspection and the Model S would end up in the bottom third of the 128 internal combustion engine (ICE) cars TÜV evaluated. The General German Automobile Club states the average defect rate for 2-3 year-old ICE cars is 4.7 percent.
Customer service issues
In 2017, certain Tesla vehicles equipped with its Ludicrous performance mode had limited power output, as discovered by some Tesla owners in 2017. The power limits were connected to how frequently the drivers used Launch Mode; if a driver used it too much, the car's power output was restricted to prevent excessive wear and tear on components. Customers complained and the company removed the limiter.
Tesla owners complained in 2019 about "nightmarish" repair delays, with some car owners waiting upwards of six months for repairs due to long wait-times for parts and insufficient service centers. Customers also complained in 2019 about their inability to contact a human employee for service issues. Tesla has pushed customers to book service appointments via their mobile app, which one owner called a "black hole" in 2019. Customers complained in 2019 about Tesla being sloppy and inconsistent in handling returns and refunds, with some customers waiting months to receive refunds. In March 2021, Tesla double-charged some customers for new cars; about a week after significant public outcry, Tesla apologized and the customers received refunds.
In early 2020, Tesla was criticized by Chinese publications and individuals for delivering Model 3 cars with lower-performance Autopilot hardware than promised. Specifically, Tesla's Hardware Version 3.0 for Autopilot had been cited as being included when buyers bought the vehicles, but, upon closer examination, the new owners said the cars featured only Version 2.5 of the hardware.
In July 2023, Reuters reported that Tesla had created a special "diversion team" in 2022 to cancel service appointments related to driving range issues. Approximately 10 years prior, the Tesla in-car range estimation algorithm was adjusted to provide an optimistic forecast when the battery state of charge was greater than 50%, switching to a more realistic forecast below 50%, and included an additional "safety buffer" range of approximately when the state of charge was 0%. Recurrent Auto, a third-party battery monitoring company, noted the average Tesla Model Y in-car estimated range remained at approximately 90% of EPA estimate regardless of ambient temperature, while real-world measured range was 45-60% of the EPA estimate. In a test published by SAE International in April 2023, three Tesla models averaged 26% lower range than advertised. Diversion team members were told to run remote diagnostics on owner vehicles, provide driving tips to maximize range, and explain the range values were estimates, not measurements. In early August, several Tesla owners filed suit over the alleged range inflation.
Relations with the government of China
Tesla has received special treatment and strong government support in China, gaining perks such as tax breaks, cheap financing, the ability to wholly own its Chinese operations, and assistance in building its Shanghai factory (Giga Shanghai) at breakneck speed. During the COVID-19 pandemic, according to Bloomberg, one Tesla executive said, "Tesla didn't just have a green light from the government to get back to work—it had a flashing-sirens police escort."
Musk has frequently praised China, a controversial stance due to deteriorating U.S.–Chinese relations, China's ongoing persecution of Uyghurs, and alleged human rights abuses in Hong Kong. James McGregor, chairman for Greater China at APCO Worldwide, said that foreign companies in China under Chinese Communist Party general secretary Xi Jinping need to "be aware that the ultimate plan is for all the advanced technologies to be Chinese." McGregor added, "I hope that Elon is going in there with both eyes open."
In August 2020, Congressional negotiators (led by then-U.S. Senator Cory Gardner) highlighted Tesla's ties to China as a potential national security risk for the United States.
In July 2021, Bloomberg Businessweek reported on Tesla's "fall from grace" in China due to data collection and safety issues. Tesla reportedly asked the Chinese government to censor criticism of Tesla on social media.
In January 2022, the Council on American–Islamic Relations, Senator Marco Rubio, and others urged Tesla to close its showroom in Ürümqi, Xinjiang, due to the ongoing Uyghur genocide in the Xinjiang region.
Working conditions
In 2017, The Guardian published a story about working conditions at Tesla Fremont, in which former and current Tesla employees publicly expressed concerns about worker treatment. Between 2014 and 2017, ambulances went to Tesla Fremont over 100 times to provide emergency services to workers exhibiting symptoms including fainting, dizziness, abnormal breathing and chest pains resulting from the physically demanding tasks associated with their positions. At the end of that period, Tesla Fremont employed over 10,000 workers.
Underreported Total Recordable Incident Rate
Tesla has acknowledged that its Total Recordable Incident Rate (TRIR, a measure of employee safety) exceeded the industry average between 2013 and 2016. Tesla did not release exact data over that period, claiming it is not representative of the factory's current operations. Musk defended Tesla's safety record and argued that the company had made significant improvement; in early 2017, Tesla added extra shifts and safety teams to improve conditions. However, when The Guardian reached out in 2017 to 15 current and/or former workers, each contradicted Musk's viewpoint. Jonathan Galescu, a production technician for the company, said, "I've seen people pass out, hit the floor like a pancake and smash their face open. They just send us to work around him while he's still laying on the floor." In February 2017, Jose Moran, a Tesla worker, blogged about the company's practices of mandatory overtime, frequent worker injuries and low wages. Both workers are involved with the United Auto Workers (UAW)'s current organizing campaign.
In 2018, The Center for Investigative Reporting's Reveal published an investigation concluding that Tesla under-counted worker injuries to make its safety record appear better. It included findings such as the factory floor not having clearly marked pedestrian lanes and instead having lanes painted different shades of gray because Elon Musk does not like the color yellow. In addition, other safety signals (such as signs and warning beeps) were lowered in order to please Musk's aesthetic preferences. Susan Rigmaiden, former environmental compliance manager, commented: "If someone said, 'Elon doesn't like something,' you were concerned because you could lose your job." Tesla called Reveal's investigation an "ideologically motivated attack by an extremist organization working directly with union supporters to create a calculated disinformation campaign against Tesla." Reveal responded by publishing the details of their investigation, which included interviews of more than three dozen current and former employees and managers as well as the review of hundreds of pages of documents. Additionally, many of the interviewed safety professionals had no involvement in a unionization effort. A California regulator (Cal/OSHA) confirmed the 2018 under-reporting and stated that including those injuries would raise Tesla's 2018 TRIR from 6.2 to 6.5, compared to the automobile manufacturing average of 6.1.
Injury policies criticized
Tesla's policies for dealing with injured employees has been criticized. In 2017, workers alleged that Tesla's policies got in the way of workers reporting injuries. At Tesla, workers who reported injuries were moved to lighter work and also lower pay, while also being given access to supplemental insurance benefits. One injured worker reported that his pay went from $22 an hour to $10 an hour. To protect their incomes, many workers choose to work during their recovery from injury, in some cases causing further damage and pain.
Anti-union efforts
A California judge ruled in September 2019 that Tesla and Elon Musk had illegally sabotaged employee efforts to form a union. Union organizers voiced concerns about high injury rates and low wages. Organizers were illegally harassed by Tesla security guards, threatened with losing benefits such as stock options, and warned by supervisors that they could be fired. Tesla fired one employee, Richard Ortiz, who had been active in union organization efforts. In May 2021, the National Labor Relations Board upheld the 2019 court ruling, ordering that Ortiz be reinstated with back pay and that Musk delete an anti-union tweet. Tesla later appealed and a federal appeals court sided with the original decision.
In June 2022, a CNBC report found that Tesla paid MikeWorldWide to monitor a Tesla employee Facebook group and to conduct research on Tesla union organizers on social media from 2017 to 2018. MikeWorldWide monitored discussions on social networks alleging unfair labor practices at Tesla and monitored discussions on a sexual harassment lawsuit. Former and current Tesla employees told CNBC that they believe the company continues to monitor its workers on social media.
Child labor in supply chain
In 2019, IRAdvocates, a US-based NGO filed a class-action lawsuit against 5 big tech companies including Tesla for "aiding and abetting the use of young children in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) cobalt mining industry." In 2020, The Times cited Tesla's dependence on cobalt from the DRC in their lithium-ion car batteries, which have been called "blood batteries" due to incidents of child labor and extremely poor working conditions. Tesla stated in 2020 that it is moving to cobalt-free batteries without giving a timeline. In the January–March 2022 quarter, half of Tesla's car batteries were cobalt-free. The 2022 Tesla Impact Report reports that "Tesla's cell production growth rate will increase our demand for primary mined minerals", which includes cobalt.
Sweatshop conditions
In December 2020, PingWest highlighted poor working conditions at Giga Shanghai, calling it "Giga-Sweatshop". Employees reported being "crammed into tight workspace", intense manual labor, and office bullying. Many employees at Giga Shanghai quit after Tesla cancelled employee stock options and failed to keep its promise of paying an overtime allowance.
The working conditions at Tesla's Fremont factory were criticized in 2021 by former Tesla worker Dennis Duran, who called it a "modern-day industrial sweatshop".
Workplace culture issues
Racism and harassment
Tesla has faced numerous complaints over workplace harassment and racial discrimination, with one former Tesla worker who attempted to sue the employer describing it as "a hotbed of racist behavior". As of December 2020, only four percent of leadership at the company are African American and seventeen percent are women. A former black worker described the work environment at Tesla's Buffalo plant as a "very racist place". Tesla and SpaceX's treatment of Juneteenth in 2020 also came under fire.
Approximately 100 former employees have submitted signed statements alleging that Tesla discriminates specifically against African Americans and "allows a racist environment in its factories." Furthermore, in July 2021, former employee Melvin Berry received $1 million in his discrimination case in arbitration against Tesla after he claimed he was referred to by the N-word and forced to work longer hours at the Fremont plant. In April 2023, a jury found Tesla liable for the racial harassment of Owen Diaz at its Fremont facility during 2015–2016 and awarded $175,000 in damages for emotional distress, and $3 million in punitive damages.
The accusations of racism culminated in February 2022 with the California Department of Fair Employment and Housing (DFEH) suing Tesla for "discriminating against its Black workers." A further lawsuit regarding racism was raised by fifteen former and current employees in June 2022. In April 2022, Tesla lawyers stated in a legal filing that the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) had opened an investigation into Tesla before the DFEH 2019 investigation, and in July 2022, Tesla stated in its 10-Q filing that the EEOC had issued a cause finding against the company and that Tesla would engage in a mandatory conciliation process with the EEOC. In September 2023, the EEOC sued Tesla in the Northern California U.S. District Court for permitting widespread racist harassment of black workers at its California factory and for retaliating against black workers for opposing the company's conduct.
Sexual harassment
In 2021, seven women came forward with claims of having faced sexual harassment and discrimination while working at Tesla's Fremont factory. They accused the company of facilitating a culture of rampant sexual harassment. According to their filings and subsequent interviews, the women were consistently subjected to catcalling, unwanted advances, unwanted touching, and discrimination while at work. One of the seven, Brooks, told The Washington Post that "I was so tired of the unwanted attention and the males gawking at me I proceeded to create barriers around me just so I could get some relief" and "[t]hat was something I felt necessary just so I can do my job." Their stories range from intimate groping to being called out to the parking lot for sex. Each of the women feared calling Human Resources for help as their supervisors were often participants. Musk himself is not accused directly, but most of the women pressing charges believe their abuse is connected to the behavior of CEO Musk. They cited his crude remarks about women's bodies, wisecracks about starting a university that abbreviated to "T.IT.S", and his generally dismissive attitude towards reporting sexual harassment. Attorney David A. Lowe, their legal representative, stated, "What we're addressing for each of the lawsuits is just a shocking pattern of rampant harassment that exists at Tesla".
In 2017 another woman accused Tesla of similar behavior and was subsequently fired. Her lawsuit was dismissed with prejudice in 2019.
Musk's work behavior
Musk has been criticized for his erratic behavior. The Wall Street Journal reported in 2017 that, after Musk insisted on branding his vehicles as "self-driving", he faced criticism from his engineers, some of them resigning in response, and one highlighting Musk's "reckless decision making that has potentially put customer lives at risk". In 2018, Tesla board members expressed concern regarding Musk's use of Ambien and recreational drugs. Wired noted in 2018 that Musk was known amongst employees for his "unpredictable rages", and Tesla employees were warned not to walk past Musk's desk because he was so prone to unexpectedly firing people. Ex-employees said in 2019 that Musk would change the direction of the company "literally overnight" based on what was making news on social media. Several professors in 2018 and 2019 noted Musk's narcissistic tendencies, and the problems this could cause for Tesla.
Turnover rate
Tesla has been criticized for its high level of executive turnover compared to other technology companies. With the departure of William Berry in March 2022, Tesla had five general counsel departures since 2018. Several lower level lawyers in the company, such as deputy general counsels, have also left in 2021 and 2022. Tesla has also seen considerable personnel turn-over in the roles of Chief Accounting Officer and Chief Financial Officer:
Chief Accounting Officers:
Eric Branderiz, October 2016 to March 2018 (17 months),
Dave Morton, August 2018 (one week),
Vaibhav Taneja, March 2019 to August 2023 (promoted to CFO August 2023),
Chief Financial Officers
Deepak Ahuja, June 2008 to November 2015 (89 months)
Jason Wheeler, November 2015 to February 2017 (15 months)
Deepak Ahuja, February 2017 to January 2019 (23 months)
Relationship with the media industry
Musk has openly criticized the media while Tesla famously dissolved its public relations department in 2020.
Distracting from bad news
Reporter Michael Hiltzik has argued that Musk has a habit of promoting good news "relentlessly" about Tesla and himself, while creating sideshows to distract followers away from any bad news. In particular, Hiltzik pointed out that Tesla's announcement in February 2021 that it was investing $1.5 billion in Bitcoin coincided with news that the Chinese government had rebuked Tesla for poor quality control and consumer relations in China, as well as a report that the company's German factory (Giga Berlin) was facing construction delays and reduced government subsidies. Similarly, in July 2018, Bloomberg News reported that Elon Musk enlisted the help of the head of the Sierra Club specifically to deflect criticism over his donations to Republicans.
Dispute over facts
Musk has repeatedly disputed accounts provided by Tesla founder Martin Eberhard about Tesla's early history, and reached a settlement to be able to call himself a co-founder of Tesla despite not being one of the two founders.
In 2020, the Environmental Protection Agency publicly denied a claim made by Musk that the agency made a mistake when testing the Model S sedan's mileage rating.
New York Times test drive dispute
In early 2013, Tesla approached the New York Times to publish a story "Focused on future advancements in our Supercharger technology". In February 2013, the Times published an account on the newly installed Supercharger network on freeway between Boston and New York City. The author describes fundamental flaws in the Model S sedan, primarily that the range was severely lowered in the below-freezing temperatures of the American Northeast. At one point the vehicle died completely and needed to be towed to a charging station.
After the story was published, Tesla stock dipped 3%. Three days later, Musk responded with a series of tweets, calling the article "fake", and followed up with a lengthy blog post disputing several of the article's claims. He called it a "salacious story" and provided data, annotated screenshots and maps obtained from recording equipment installed in the press vehicle as evidence that the New York Times had fabricated much of the story.In a statement, the Times stood by the accuracy of the story, calling it "completely factual". Author John Broder quickly issued a rebuttal in which he clarified and rejected many of the accusations made by Musk.During further investigation by the media, Musk said "the Model S battery never ran out of energy at any time, including when Broder called the flatbed truck." Auto blog Jalopnik contacted Rogers Automotive & Towing, the towing company Broder used. Their records showed that "the car's battery pack was completely drained." In his follow-up blog post, Broder said "The car's display screen said the car was shutting down, and it did. The car did not have enough power to move, or even enough to release the electrically operated parking brake."
In the days that followed, NYT public editor Margaret Sullivan published an opinion piece titled "Problems With Precision and Judgment, but Not Integrity, in Tesla Test". She concludes, "In the matter of the Tesla Model S and its now infamous test drive, there is still plenty to argue about and few conclusions that are unassailable." No legal action was pursued.
Promotion of cryptocurrency
Tesla and Elon Musk have supported and promoted the cryptocurrency bitcoin. Tesla began accepting bitcoin as a form of payment for its products in March 2021, but reversed its decision in May 2021. Tesla and Musk have been criticized as being hypocritical, since Tesla markets itself as a sustainable and environmentally friendly company, while bitcoin is environmentally unfriendly due to the large amount of energy required to "mine" new bitcoin. In 2021 and 2022, an index constructed by researchers at the University of Cambridge showed that bitcoin mining consumed more electricity during the course of the year than the entire nations of Argentina (a G20 country) and the Netherlands.
After the company stopped accepting bitcoin for car payments, on May 12, 2021, Musk stated on Twitter that "Tesla will not be selling any Bitcoin", which was, at the end of 2021, worth nearly $2 billion. In July 2022, Tesla stated in regulatory filings that it sold approximately 75% of its bitcoin in the March–June 2022 quarter.
Musk has also been accused of market manipulation by using his Twitter presence to pump up the price of bitcoin and dogecoin.
Compliance with open source license agreements
Prior to 2018, Tesla used modified versions of the Linux kernel and BusyBox in their vehicles without freely distributing the derivative software and its corresponding source code, which is mandatory under the licensing terms of these products, the GNU General Public License (GPL).
From 2013 to 2018, a number of complaints were made to the Software Freedom Conservancy (SFC), which privately attempted to negotiate compliance before pursuing litigation against Tesla. They announced in 2018 that Tesla achieved partial compliance and had promised to release more of their modifications in the future. As of late 2019, the SFC claims that Tesla has not yet delivered on this promise.
Use of tax havens
Tesla received the lowest possible rating for Ethical Consumer's Likely Use of Tax Avoidance Strategies criterion. Tesla runs subsidiaries in the "tax havens of Delaware, Nevada, Hong Kong, the Netherlands, the Cayman Islands, Luxembourg, Malta and Switzerland", with several of the companies belonging to "high risk company types for tax avoidance."
See also
List of lawsuits involving Tesla
Elon Musk's Crash Course
TSLAQ
References
Further reading
Tesla, Inc.
Tesla, Inc. |
34593966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellevue%20Apartment%20Building | Bellevue Apartment Building | The Bellevue Apartment Building is an upscale early apartment building located just south of the capitol in Madison, Wisconsin, United States. It was completed in 1914 and was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 13, 1987.
History
Up to the 1900s the neighborhood south of the capitol was one of the poshest in Madison, with grand houses and mansions looking out over Lake Monona. As the capitol and businesses expanded, large office buildings began to replace the homes nearby, and more housing was needed for white collar workers. In response to these needs, a boom in apartment buildings started around 1910. One of the earliest and finest was the Bellevue Apartments, built 1913-14.
The Bellevue was designed and built by Charles E. Marks, a local builder. The building is four stories tall on a raised basement, all clad in red brick. The general rectangular shape is broken by full-height bays. A pressed-metal cornice circles the top of the building and short stout chimneys rise from the roof. Inside, the building originally had 36 apartments, trimmed in generous Craftsman-style woodwork, including moldings and picture rails. Each apartment also had a brick fireplace with a wooden mantle, a built-in cabinet with leaded glass doors from which a bed could originally be pulled out. Each apartment had a five by ten foot screened sun porch in its bay; they have since been closed in with permanent glass. The building had many features that were progressive at the time: an electric passenger elevator, a central vacuum system, iceboxes cooled via ammonia brine by a central cooling system in the basement, private phones, and a garbage disposal. Though each apartment had a kitchenette, meals could be ordered from a kitchen in the basement, to be delivered to the room by a dumbwaiter. An early advertisement for the building suggested that all these services offered "relief from the servant problem."
With all these features, the Bellevue was the most luxurious of the apartment buildings of its era. Marks aimed for a middle or upper-class renter and he succeeded. Early occupants included salesmen, businessmen like an executive of Madison Gas and Electric, government professionals and university professionals.
Other than the Bellevue, Charles Marks mostly designed and built upscale homes in Madison. Surviving examples include his own 1902 American Foursquare-style house at 1913 Madison St, his own 1905 Shingle style home at 1815 Jefferson St, possibly the 1907 Dutch Colonial Revival Page house at 1706 Madison St, the 1909 American Foursquare Smith house at 15 N Prospect Ave, the 1911 Craftsman house at 2015 Jefferson St where Marks and his family lived from 1911 to 1918, the 1912 Craftsman Olson house at 1909 Adams St, the 1915 Arts and Crafts-style Dr. Charles and Caroline Mills house at 2119 Jefferson St, and the 1916 Prairie School Hool house at 2809 Columbia Road.
In 1986 the Bellevue was designated a landmark by the Madison Landmarks Commission. In 1987 it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places, significant as "the largest and most intact of all the earliest apartment houses constructed in Madison during the first two decades of the twentieth century." It is also significant for the high quality of its interior design.
References
Apartment buildings in Wisconsin
Buildings and structures in Madison, Wisconsin
Residential buildings completed in 1914
Residential buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Wisconsin
National Register of Historic Places in Madison, Wisconsin |
74457179 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weber%20Deep | Weber Deep | Weber Deep is the deepest point in the Banda Sea off Indonesia. Weber Deep maximum depth is 7,351 meters, (24,117 feet, 4.56 miles). Banda Sea is connected to the
Pacific Ocean, near the Maluku Islands of Indonesia in the Banda Arc. Weber Deep differs from other deep sea points in that Weber Deep is not a deep sea trench, but is a forearc basin, a deep abyssal plain. The slab detachment is at the east end of the deep. Weber Deep is the 16th deepest point in the Earth's oceans and seas.
Researchers believe that the Weber Deep was formed when part of the Earth's crust broke off along a 120 km (75 miles) extension of a fault on the ring of fire, called the Banda Detachment. The break-off was caused by plate tectonics creating a back-arc basin rip in the ocean floor. In parts of Weber Deep there is no oceanic crust on the sea floor due to the rip. The rip is approximately 60,000 km2 (23,166 miles2). Researchers believe Weber Deep is the world's largest exposed fault on the ring of fire.
The fault along Weber Deep and the Banda Sea is still active. The most extreme event on the fault recorded was in 1629. A Richter magnitude scale 9.2 megathrust earthquake produced a 15-meter (49-foot) tsunami. For nine years after 1629 the area had aftershocks.
The closest land to Weber Deep is at the east end of the Banda Sea, surrounded by Watubela archipelago, Timor, Buru, Seram, Ambon and Kur Island. To the west of the Weber Deep is the Banda Volcanic Arc also called the Inner Banda Arc. The Manuk volcanic island is the closest to the Weber Deep in the Volcanic Arc. The floor of the Weber Deep dates to 3.0 to 0.5 million years old. This young sea floor was created by the eastward expansion (rip) of the Banda Sea. Weber Deep is about 450 km long running north to south.
Weber Deep is named after Max Carl Wilhelm Weber (1852–1937), who was the leader of a marine biological expedition, the Siboga expedition, using the 50.6-meter gunboat Siboga of the Dutch East Indies navy. Max Weber was a professor at University of Utrecht and the University of Amsterdam in Amsterdam, his first trip to the Banda Sea was in 1881. The biological expedition departed Amsterdam on the Siboga on December 16, 1898. The expedition also did depth soundings.
Weber Deep was found in 1929 by the 204-foot 1928 HMS Willebrord Snelliu (named after Willebrord Snellius) using an echo sounder on a Dutch oceanographic expedition to the Banda Sea from March 1929 to November 1930. Hilbrand Boschma (1893–1976) was Dutch zoologist on the expedition. In 1951 a more in-depth expedition of Weber Deep and the Banda Sea was done on the Galathea Deep Sea Expedition from 1950 to 1952. The expeditions found on the Weber Deep sea floor deep sea sea cucumbers and aerobic bacteria.
See also
Australasian realm
1852 Banda Sea earthquake
1938 Banda Sea earthquake
References
Further reading
Full text of "The Galathea Deep Sea Expedition, 1950-1952, described by members of the expedition
Ponder, H. W. (1944) In Javanese waters; some sidelights on a few of the countless lovely, little known islands scattered over the Banda sea & some glimpses of their strange & stormy history London, Seeley, Service & Co. ltd.
Patrick D. Nunn (1994) Oceanic Islands Oxford, Great Britain, Blackwell
Weber Deep
Central Indo-Pacific
Maritime Southeast Asia
Seas of Indonesia
Oceanic trenches of the Pacific Ocean
Subduction zones |
1704856 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Wilson%20%28economist%29 | Andrew Wilson (economist) | Andrew Wilson (born 1970 in Lanark, Scotland) is an economist, businessman and former Member of the Scottish Parliament (MSP). He is a founding partner at strategic communications firm Charlotte Street Partners. He chaired the Sustainable Growth Commission, which gave its completed report to First Minister of Scotland Nicola Sturgeon, in 2018.
Early life
Whilst attending the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, (from where he graduated in 1992 with a degree in economics and politics) Wilson was elected Vice President of the Students Association and became National Convener of the Scottish National Party (SNP) student organisation, the Federation of Student Nationalists. He joined the Government Economic Service after graduation, serving with the Forestry Commission and Scottish Office, and in 1996 he started work at SNP Headquarters, Edinburgh, as a researcher to the Director of Business for Scotland, before entering employment with the Royal Bank of Scotland as a business economist in 1997.
Member of Scottish Parliament
Wilson was elected to the first session of the newly re-established Scottish Parliament, as one of five SNP MSPs to represent Central Scotland through the Additional Members System.
Whilst an MSP he served variously in the Shadow Cabinet as the SNP Finance, Economy, Lifelong Learning and Transport Spokesperson. He was widely viewed by commentators as a rising star of the SNP, an iconoclast and pro-market economist he made much headway selling the idea of fiscal autonomy now called 'Devo-Max' to the mainstream business, media and society. It was adopted by The Scotsman, a unionist newspaper and later went on to win support across the political spectrum. He gave a controversial lecture at the party conference in 1999 promoting the idea Britishness could, should, and would survive independence. He later wrote a column for the Sunday Mail calling on Scots to support the English football team in the 2002 world cup finals. In policy he is credited with much of the work on the SNP's alternative to the private finance initiative, now The Scottish Futures Trust. He also promoted the case for a Scottish Sovereign wealth fund using the proceeds of North Sea Oil.
In 2003 he came within 520 votes of unseating Cathie Craigie in the first past the post contest for the Cumbernauld and Kilsyth seat, but when only three SNP MSPs were returned from Central Scotland he lost his place as an MSP.
After parliament
Following political service Wilson joined RBS Group working in a variety of roles including Deputy Chief Economist and since the 2008 crisis as Head of Group Communications. He joined WPP in August 2012 working in a client facing role.
He delivered the Donaldson Lecture at the 2013 SNP conference.
In 2014 he launched a new strategic communications consultancy Charlotte Street Partners based in Edinburgh and London. Along with co-founder Malcolm Robertson, he topped a list of "names to watch" published by The Scotsman in 2014. He left Charlotte Street Partners in February 2023 before joining the Executive Committee of Santander UK plc as Director of Communications and Responsible Banking in March 2023.
He was a Trustee of the John Smith Memorial Trust and is a Trustee of The John Smith Centre for Public Service at the University of Glasgow. He is a former member of the Governing Board of the Scottish Crop Research Institute and between 2010 – 2015 he was a Director of Motherwell F.C. He is a member of the Institute for Fiscal Studies and the David Hume Institute.
He is a former columnist for the Scotland on Sunday and writes occasional opinion pieces for other newspapers including The Scotsman, The Times, The Daily Telegraph, the Daily Record and The National.
In September 2016, he was appointed to chair the Sustainable Growth Commission reporting to the First Minister of Scotland. In October 2017, he was also appointed to the Independent Commission on Referendums at University College London's Constitution Unit.
In March 2020, he was re-appointed to the governing board of Motherwell F.C. as a Director. He also currently serves as a trustee for National Galleries Scotland, the Edinburgh International Culture Summit Foundation, and Sistema Scotland, a social transformation charity engaging children through orchestral music.
Personal life
Wilson lives in Perthshire and in Edinburgh with his wife Mhairi Wilson (previously Clarke nee Dow) who he married in Florence in July 2022. He has three children and a stepson.
References
https://www.heraldscotland.com/business_hq/23303309.ex-snp-msp-andrew-wilson-new-role-charlotte-street-partners-exit/
External links
Andrew Wilson website
1970 births
Living people
People educated at Coltness High School
Alumni of the University of Strathclyde
Alumni of the University of St Andrews
Scottish economists
People from Lanark
Scottish Episcopalians
Scottish National Party MSPs
Members of the Scottish Parliament 1999–2003
Scottish bankers
NatWest Group people |
201056 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ideograph%20%28rhetoric%29 | Ideograph (rhetoric) | An ideograph or virtue word is a word frequently used in political discourse that uses an abstract concept to develop support for political positions. Such words are usually terms that do not have a clear definition but are used to give the impression of a clear meaning. An ideograph in rhetoric often exists as a building block or simply one term or short phrase that summarizes the orientation or attitude of an ideology. Such examples notably include <liberty>, <freedom>, <democracy> and <rights>. Rhetorical critics use chevrons or angle brackets (<>) to mark off ideographs.
The term ideograph was coined by rhetorical scholar and critic Michael Calvin McGee (1980) describing the use of particular words and phrases as political language in a way that captures (as well as creates or reinforces) particular ideological positions. McGee sees the ideograph as a way of understanding of how specific, concrete instances of political discourse relate to the more abstract idea of political ideology. Robertson defines ideographs as "political slogans or labels that encapsulate ideology in political discourse." Meanwhile, Celeste Condit and John Lucaites, influenced by McGee, explain, "Ideographs represent in condensed form the normative, collective commitments of the members of a public, and they typically appear in public argumentation as the necessary motivations or justifications for action performed in the name of the public." Ideographs are common in advertising and political discourse.
Definition
McGee uses the term in his seminal article "The 'Ideograph': A Link Between Rhetoric and Ideology" which appeared in the Quarterly Journal of Speech in 1980. He begins his essay by defining the practice of ideology as practice of political language in specific contexts—actual discursive acts by individual speakers and writers. The question this raises is how does this practice of ideology create social control.
McGee's answer to this is to say that "political language which manifests ideology seems characterized by slogans, a vocabulary of 'ideographs' easily mistaken for the technical terminology of political philosophy." He goes on to offer his definition of "ideograph": "an ideograph is an ordinary-language term found in political discourse. It is a high order abstraction representing commitment to a particular but equivocal and ill-defined normative goal."
An ideograph, then, is not just any particular word or phrase used in political discourse, but one of a particular subset of terms that are often invoked in political discourse but which does not have a clear, univocal definition. Despite this, in their use, ideographs are often invoked precisely to give the sense of a clearly understood and shared meaning. This potency makes them the primary tools for shaping public decisions. It is in this role as the vocabulary for public values and decision-making that they are linked to ideology.
Examples
There is no absolute litmus test for what terms are or are not ideographs. Rather, this is a judgment that must be made through the study of specific examples of discourse. However, McGee (and others who have followed him) have identified several examples of ideographs or virtue words in Western liberal political discourse, such as <liberty>, <property>, <freedom of speech>, <religion>, and <equality>. In each case, the term does not have a specific referent. Rather, each term refers to an abstraction which may have many different meanings depending on its context. It is in their mutability between circumstances that give the terms such rhetorical power. If the definition of a term such as <equality> can be stretched to include a particular act or condition, then public support for that act or condition is likely to be stronger than it was previously.
By encapsulating values which are perceived to be widely shared by the community, but which are in fact highly abstract and defined in very different ways by individuals, ideographs provide a potent persuasive tool for the political speaker. McGee offers the example of Richard Nixon's attempt to defend his decision not to turn over documents to Congress during the Watergate scandal by invoking "the principle of confidentiality." Recognizing that his refusal to submit to Congress could be seen as a violation of the "rule of law", Nixon pitted "the principle of confidentiality" against the "rule of law," despite the fact that these two ideographs would, in the abstract, not likely be seen as in conflict with one another. Nixon, in an attempt to expand the understanding of "the principle of confidentiality" to cover his own specific refusal to cooperate with Congress, used the abstractness of the term to his benefit, claiming that right to confidentiality was the more central term.
While the term has remained mostly in this sphere of academic rhetorical criticism, some political consultants and practitioners are becoming savvy to this art.
Ideographs appear in advertising and political campaigns regularly, and are crucial to helping the public understand what is really being asked of them. For example, "equality" is a term commonly used in political discourse and rarely defined. It can refer to a situation in which all people have the same opportunities, or a condition in which social resources are distributed uniformly to different individuals and groups. The former is the more commonly used definition in US history, according to Condit & Lucaites, although in a socialist or left-leaning political state, the term may refer foremost to the distribution of social resources. Condit and Lucaites depict the racial facet of equality as the dominant meaning in an American context of political discourse, since 1865.
Another important ideograph used specifically by U.S. presidents Barack Obama and George W. Bush after the 9/11 attacks is <terrorism>. The term does not have a clear or specific definition, but when applied to the context in the fear-stricken country after the devastating attacks in 2001, this term held significant weight and meaning to Americans all across the country. Kelly Long explores Obama’s discourse on the <War on Terror> and states that "by developing an ideological justification for the conflicts that the United States was involved in at the time, Obama remedied much of the damage done by the Bush administration". Obama justified the <War on Terror> by addressing the nation and saying that in order to protect the <rule of law> and <democratic values>, we must fight against <terrorism>. Obama used this term to his advantage and made <terrorism> appear to be a common enemy and fighting back was the common cause. This use of the ideograph unified the country creating a sense of identity for American citizens, "defining what the nation stands for and against. The term divides those who are civilized from those who are uncivilized, those who defend economic freedom from those who would attack America’s way of life and those who support democracy from those who would disrupt it".
Marouf Hasian discusses how key ideographs representative of a society’s commitments change over time, particularly in the name of <liberty>, <equality>, or <privacy> epitomized in eugenics. From the 1900s-1930s, Americans justified the restriction of reproductive rights based on medical, social, economic, and political considerations, but were appalled when the Nazis used some of the same arguments in their creation of the "perfect race".
While rhetorical critics identify these terms as ideographs, political leaders viewed each other's terms as "glittering generalities," as Lincoln first identified his opponent's words.
In addition to practitioners, corporate marketing and political consulting use key terms in this way, concentrating on the image and branding of terms. For example, Frank Luntz tests audience reaction to certain words or phrases using dial technology, a mechanism which instantaneously shows moment by moment reactions to speeches or presentations. This research has been extremely beneficial to his clients, as they can utilize ideographs as "trigger words" in an advertising campaign.
Importance
There are three primary ways in which the concept of the ideograph is important to rhetorical critics. First, it suggests a way of studying political ideology using concrete instances of language use. By showing how looking at specific uses of key words and phrases in political language reveal underlying ideological commitments, McGee offers a concrete method for understanding the highly abstract concept of ideology.
Second, the definition of the ideograph makes clear that the rhetorical study of a term is different from a legal, historical, or etymological study of a term. Unlike other perspectives that focus on how a term has changed over time, a rhetorical study of a term focuses on the forces involved in the creation of these meanings. In short, a rhetorical study of a term is the study of the use of that term in practice.
This leads to a third key aspect of what the concept of the ideograph offers to rhetorical critics. McGee notes that the study of a term must not, and should not, be limited to its use in "formal discourse." Instead, the critic is much more likely to gain a better understanding of an ideograph by looking at how it is used and depicted in movies, plays, and songs, as well as how it is presented in educational texts aimed at children. This moves the study of ideology beyond the limits of social philosophy or even political discourse as traditionally conceived (i.e., "great speeches by great men").
Cultural variability
"An ideograph is a culturally biased, abstract word or phrase drawn from ordinary language, which serves a constitutional value for a historically situated collectivity."
There exists a culturally-specific understanding in each culture about what an ideograph means. Ideographs in rhetoric are culturally specific but recur inter-culturally; meaning the understanding of one ideograph can be used and interpreted differently across cultures. The idea may be different from culture to culture, but this doesn't mean some aspects won't be the same in one or more cultures. For example, the concept of femininity that exists cross-culturally to define ideas about women, yet one can expect these ideas to vary from culture to culture.
Critical use
At the end of his essay defining the ideograph, McGee says that
“A complete description of an ideology . . . will consist of (1) the isolation of a society’s ideographs, (2) the exposure and analysis of the diachronic structure of every ideography, and (3) characterization of synchronic relationships among all the ideographs in a particular context.”
Such an exhaustive study of any ideology has yet to materialize, but many scholars have made use of the ideograph as a tool of understanding both specific rhetorical situations as well as a broader scope of ideological history. As a teacher, McGee himself made use of the ideograph as a tool for structuring the study of the rise of liberalism in British public address, focusing on ideographs such as <property>, <patriarchy>, <religion>, <liberty>. Other scholars have made a study of specific uses of ideographs such as <family values> and <equality>. Some critics have gone beyond the idea that an ideograph must be a verbal symbol and have expanded the notion to include photographs. and objects represented in mass media.
See also
Essentially contested concept
Loaded language
References
Further reading
Pineda, R. D., & Sowards, S. K. (2007). Flag waving as visual argument: 2006 immigration demonstrations and cultural citizenship. Argumentation & Advocacy, 43(3/4), 164-174.
Potter, J. E. (2014). Brown-skinned outlaws: An ideographic analysis of "illegal(s)". Communication, Culture & Critique, 7(2), 228-245.
Rhetoric |
73167901 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023%20MAAC%20women%27s%20basketball%20tournament | 2023 MAAC women's basketball tournament | The 2023 Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference women's basketball tournament is the postseason women's basketball tournament for the Metro Atlantic Athletic Conference for the 2022–23 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The tournament started on March 7 and concluded on March 11 and was played at the Jim Whelan Boardwalk Hall in Atlantic City, New Jersey, for the fourth year in a row. Iona won the title after beating Manhattan in the tournament final. The tournament winner will receive the conference's automatic bid to the 2023 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament.
Seeds
All 11 teams in the conference will participate in the Tournament. The top five teams will receive byes to the quarterfinals. Teams are seeded by record within the conference, with a tiebreaker system to seed teams with identical conference records.
Schedule
Bracket
Game summaries
All-championship team
See also
2023 MAAC men's basketball tournament
References
Tournament
2023
Women's sports in New Jersey
College basketball tournaments in New Jersey
Sports competitions in Atlantic City, New Jersey
MAAC women's basketball tournament
MAAC women's basketball tournament |
3795976 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mothmen | The Mothmen | The Mothmen were a short-lived post-punk band from England, formed around 1979 by Dave Rowbotham, Chris Joyce and Tony Bowers, shortly after they left The Durutti Column, including ex-Alberto Y Lost Trios Paranoias singer Bob Harding.
History
In 1978, Tony Wilson and Alan Erasmus cofounded The Durutti Column, with guitarists Vini Reilly and Dave Rowbotham, bassist Tony Bowers (formerly of Alberto Y Lost Trios Paranoias), drummer Chris Joyce, and vocalist Phil Rainford. After releasing two songs in a various artists compilation, A Factory Sample, that year, the Durutti Column became the sole concern of Reilly and Bowers, as Rowbotham and Joyce departed and formed The Mothmen, alongside former Alberto Y Lost Trios Paranoias singer Bob Harding. So, the first lineup comprised Joyce on drums; Bowers on guitar, bass, vocals, violin, and percussion; Rowbotham on guitar and bass; and Bob Harding on bass, organ, guitar, vocals, and percussion. In 1979, they released their debut single on Absurd Records, "Does It Matter Irene?"
The recording of an album's worth of material in the first half of 1980 left the group without a label to release it on. Thus in stepped the assistance of a young and cash-strapped Adrian Sherwood, having just launched On-U Sound. A deal was done and in 1981 Pay Attention! appeared as its second album. The arrangement and production work remained the Mothmen's own with Sherwood playing no part in its creation. Sherwood's only direct involvement with the band was when he provided a dub mix of "Afghan Farmer Driving Cattle" [Rhythm 137] on On-U's first compilation release – Wild Paarty Sounds Volume 1.
During this period Joyce also found time to be the drummer for another one of On-U Sound's first generation 'crew', London Underground, as well appearing on Judy Nylon's "Pal Judy" set for the label. However, the Mothmen soon left for Do-It Records and in the process Rowbotham was replaced by Ronnie Hardman (bass) and Charlie Griffiths (synthesisers). The new line-up produced a handful more singles and a further album, One Black Dot, before they split for good in early 1982.
Of the Mothmen's former members, Joyce and Bowers were to have the greatest subsequent commercial success, forming part of the first Simply Red rhythm section between 1984 and 1989. The On-U association with Joyce and Bowers had two final outcomes in the UK, in the form of Sherwood's providing flip-side mixes to Simply Red's "Holding Back the Years" and "Infidelity" 12" singles. Through the Sly & Robbie connection, Sherwood also contributed to Simply Red's 1997 "Night Nurse" cover of Gregory Isaacs' song.
In 1991, founding guitarist Dave Rowbotham was murdered. Tony Bowers lives between Italy and Ireland where he works on various musical projects . Chris Joyce shares further details of his life and career, up to and beyond his work with Simply Red, on his biography in Chris Joyce School of Drums.
Discography
"Does It Matter Irene?" 7″ single (Absurd, September 1979)
Pay Attention! album (On-U Sound, 1981)
"Show Me Your House And Car" 7" and 12" singles (Do It!, July 1981)
"Temptation" 7" single (Do It!, October 1981)
One Black Dot album (Do It!, January 1982)
"Wadada" 7" single (Do It!, March 1982)
References
External links
Artist page at unofficial On-U Sound site
Discography page at unofficial On-U Sound site
Musical groups established in 1979
English new wave musical groups
English post-punk music groups
English indie rock groups
On-U Sound Records artists
Musical groups from Manchester
Musical groups disestablished in 1982 |
72679590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spa%20Road%20%28disambiguation%29 | Spa Road (disambiguation) | Spa Road is a street in Gloucester, England.
Spa Road may also refer to:
Spa Road Works, Dublin, Ireland, manufacturer of trams and buses
Spa Road railway station, Bermondsey, London, a former station
Spa Road Junction, a railway junction in Bermondsey, London |
59134005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Kelsall | Henry Kelsall | Henry Kelsall (c. 1692–1762), of Colkirk, Norfolk, was a British administrator and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1719 to 1734.
Kelsall was the son of Henry Kelsall of Chester. He was educated at Westminster School under Knipe, where he was a school-fellow of Thomas Holles, the future Duke of Newcastle. He was admitted at Trinity College, Cambridge on 7 February 1708, aged 15 and became a fellow in 1714.
Kelsall was appointed Senior clerk at the Treasury under William Lowndes in November 1714. This was presumably through the influence of Newcastle, and he retained the post for the rest of his life. Newcastle was probably also instrumental in his return as Member of Parliament for Chichester at a by-election on 3 December 1719. At the 1722 general election, the Government brought him in as MP for Bossiney. After Lowndes death in 1724, he was second in command at the Treasury to John Scrope. He served on the House of Commons committees that were responsible for drawing up the finance bills each session. At the 1727 general election, he was returned as MP for Mitchell. He did not stand in 1734 but was appointed a commissioner of land taxes in 1735. He still retained his Treasury post. On 27 May 1736, he became a Fellow of the Royal Society. In June 1761 he tried to sell his position as commissioner of taxes but Newcastle refused to allow it.
Kelsall applied to Newcastle for a small pension for his daughter on 1 February 1762, shortly before his death and it was subsequently granted. He died on 10 February 1762.
References
External links
National Trust Collections - Henry Kelsall
1690s births
1762 deaths
People educated at Westminster School, London
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Bossiney
British MPs 1715–1722
British MPs 1722–1727
British MPs 1727–1734
Fellows of the Royal Society
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Mitchell
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies |
41652852 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deyli | Deyli | Deyli (, also Romanized as Deylī; also known as Delī) is a village in Padena-ye Vosta Rural District, Padena District, Semirom County, Isfahan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 329, in 79 families.
References
Populated places in Semirom County |
12652238 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clappia%20umbilicata | Clappia umbilicata | Clappia umbilicata, the umbilicate pebblesnail, was a species of small freshwater snail that had an operculum, an aquatic gastropod mollusk in the family Lithoglyphidae. This species is now extinct.
Distribution
This species was endemic to the State of Alabama in the United States. The type locality is the Coosa River at Wetumpka, Alabama.
The distribution of this species used to include: Coosa River at Duncan's Ripple, The Bar and Higgin's Ferry in Chilton County; and Butting Ram Shoals in Coosa County, Alabama.
Description
This species was discovered and described under the name Somatogyrus umbilicatus by the American malacologist Bryant Walker in 1904. Walker's type description reads as follows:
The color of Clappia umbilicata was black. This presumably means that the whole animal including snout, nape, mantle and foot were black. The black color of the mantle was verified by Thompson (1984).
Clappia umbilicata has 56-59 rows of teeth on its radula. Each row has 6-7 central basocones, 6-7 central ectocones, 18-21 lateral teeth, ca. 50 inner marginal teeth and ca. 35 outer marginal teeth.
Ecology
The natural habitat of this species was rivers. Clappia umbilicata inhabited only the rapidly flowing sections of river shoals. The snail died out because of silting of its habitat after the dam was constructed in 1928. (Also see Jordan Dam and Jordan Lake).
Based on examination of the radula, Thompson (1984) hypothesized that Clappia umbilicata grazed on fine particles of plants, specializing on finer-sized particles than those consumed by snails in the genus Somatogyrus.
References
This article incorporates public domain text from reference
External links
Lithoglyphidae
Extinct gastropods
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Endemic molluscs of the United States
Endemic fauna of Alabama |
49334164 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regina%20Burchardt | Regina Burchardt | Regina Burchardt (born 1 July 1983) is a German female former volleyball player, playing as a right side hitter. She was part of the Germany women's national volleyball team.
She competed at the 2011 Women's European Volleyball Championship. On club level she played for VC Wiesbaden.
References
External links
1983 births
Living people
German women's volleyball players
Place of birth missing (living people)
21st-century German women
20th-century German women |
23969288 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orob%C3%B3 | Orobó | Orobó is a municipality/city in the state of Pernambuco in Brazil. The population in 2020 was 23,935 inhabitants and the total area is 138.66 km2. The city has the best children's mortality rate of the state (2.9) and one of the best in the whole country.
Geography
State - Pernambuco
Region - Agreste of Pernambuco
Boundaries - Paraiba state (N); Bom Jardim (S); Machados and São Vicente Ferrer (E); Casinhas (W).
Area - 140.78 km2
Elevation - 415 m
Hydrography - Goiana River
Vegetation - Caducifólia and Subcaducifólia forests
Climate - Tropical hot and humid
Annual average temperature - 25.0 c
Distance to Recife - 127.4 km
Economy
The main economic activities in Orobó are related with commerce and agribusiness, especially creations of cattle, goats, pigs, chickens; and plantations of bananas and sugarcane.
Economic Indicators
Economy by Sector
2006
Health Indicators
References
Municipalities in Pernambuco |
2634891 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alastair%20Denniston | Alastair Denniston | Commander Alexander "Alastair" Guthrie Denniston (1 December 1881 – 1 January 1961) was a Scottish codebreaker in Room 40, deputy head of the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) and hockey player. Denniston was appointed operational head of GC&CS in 1919 and remained so until February 1942.
Early life
Denniston was born in Greenock, Renfrewshire, the son of a medical practitioner. He studied at the University of Bonn and the University of Paris. Denniston was a member of the Scottish Olympic hockey team in 1908 and won a bronze medal. He played as a half-back, and his club team was listed as Edinburgh. In the IOC's official 1908 report, he is listed as Dennistoun rather than Denniston.
First World War and interbellum
In 1914, Denniston helped form Room 40 in the Admiralty, an organisation responsible for intercepting and decrypting enemy messages. In 1917, he married a fellow Room 40 worker, Dorothy Mary Gilliat.
After First World War, Denniston, recognising the strategic importance of codebreaking, kept the Room 40 activity functioning. Room 40 was merged with its counterpart in the Army, MI1b in 1919, renamed the Government Code and Cypher School (GC&CS) in 1920 and transferred from the Navy to the Foreign Office. Denniston was chosen to run the new organisation.
With the rise of Hitler, Denniston began making preparations. Following the practice of his superiors at Room 40, he contacted scientists from Oxford and Cambridge (including Alan Turing and Gordon Welchman) asking if they would be willing to serve if war broke out. Bletchley Park was chosen by MI6 chief Admiral Hugh Sinclair as the location for the codebreaking effort because it was at a rail junction on the west coast main line north of London with good rail connections to Oxford and Cambridge. Sinclair acquired the Bletchley Park property and Denniston was assigned to prepare the site and design the huts to be built on the grounds. The GC&CS moved to the new location in August 1939, just before the Invasion of Poland and the start of the Second World War. Its name changed to Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ).
On 26 July 1939, five weeks before the outbreak of war, Denniston was one of three Britons (along with Dilly Knox and Humphrey Sandwith) who participated in the trilateral Polish-French-British conference held in the Kabaty Woods south of Warsaw, at which the Polish Biuro Szyfrów (Cipher Bureau) initiated the French and British into the decryption of German military Enigma ciphers.
Second World War
Denniston remained in command until he was hospitalised in June 1940 for a bladder stone. Despite his illness, he flew to the United States in 1941 to make contact with American cryptographers including William Friedman. Denniston returned to Bletchley Park for a while but moved to London later in 1941 to work on diplomatic traffic.
Despite his knowledge of the success of Polish cryptologists against Enigma, Denniston shared the general pessimism about the prospects of breaking the more complex Naval Enigma encryption until as late as the summer of 1940, having told the Head of Naval Section at Bletchley: "You know, the Germans don't mean you to read their stuff, and I don't expect you ever will." The advent of Banburismus shortly afterwards showed his pessimism to be misplaced.
In October 1941, the originator of the technique, Alan Turing, along with fellow senior cryptologists Gordon Welchman, Stuart Milner-Barry and Hugh Alexander wrote to Churchill, over the head of Denniston, to alert Churchill to the fact that a shortage of staff at Bletchley Park was preventing them from deciphering many messages. An addition of personnel, small by military standards, could make a big difference to the effectiveness of the fighting effort. The slow response to previous requests had convinced them that the strategic value of their work was not understood in the right quarters. In the letter, there was praise for the 'energy and foresight' of Commander Edward Travis.
Churchill reacted to the letter immediately, ordering "Action this day". Resources were transferred as fast as possible.
In February 1942, GC&CS was reorganised. Travis, Denniston's second in command and chief of the Naval section, succeeded Denniston at Bletchley Park, overseeing the work on military codes and ciphers.
When Travis took over, he "presided over an administrative revolution which at last brought the management of Intelligence into line with its mode of production".
Personal and post-war life
Denniston and his wife had two children: a son and daughter. Their son, Robin, was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. After Alastair's demotion and resulting decreased income, Robin's school fees were paid by benefactors. However, the Dennistons' daughter had to leave her school due to lack of funds.
Denniston retired in 1945, and later taught French and Latin in Leatherhead.
William Friedman, the American cryptographer who broke the Japanese Purple code, later wrote to Denniston's daughter "Your father was a great man in whose debt all English-speaking people will remain for a very long time, if not forever. That so few should know exactly what he did ... is the sad part."
Robin distinguished himself as a publisher. In 2007, he published Thirty Secret Years, a biography of his father that consolidated his reputation in GCHQ history.
Honours and awards
7 January 1918 appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE) Commander Alexander Guthrie Denniston, R.N.V.R. Naval Intelligence Division, Admiralty.
2 January 1933 appointed a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) Commander Alexander Guthrie Denniston, O.B.E., R.N.V.R. Head of a Department, Foreign Office.
12 June 1941 appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George (CMG) Commander Alexander Guthrie Denniston, C.B.E., R.N.V.R. (Retd.), Head of a Department of the Foreign Office.
Fictional depictions
In the 2014 film The Imitation Game, he is portrayed by Charles Dance.
References
Bibliography
Robin Denniston Churchill's Secret War: Diplomatic Decrypts, the Foreign Office and Turkey 1942–44 (1997)
James Gannon, Stealing Secrets, Telling Lies: How Spies and Codebreakers Helped Shape the Twentieth Century, Washington, D.C., Brassey's, 2001, .
F. H. Hinsley and Alan Stripp, eds., Codebreakers: the Inside Story of Bletchley Park, Oxford University Press, 1993, .
Władysław Kozaczuk, Enigma: How the German Machine Cipher Was Broken and How It Was Read by the Allies in World War II, edited and translated by Christopher Kasparek, Frederick, MD, University Publications of America, 1984, , pp. 59–60.
External links
The Papers of Alexander Guthrie Denniston are held at the Churchill Archives Centre in Cambridge, and are accessible to the public.
DatabaseOlympics.com profile
Thirty Secret Years: A.G. Denniston's work in signals intelligence 1914-1944
British cryptographers
Pre-computer cryptographers
Bletchley Park people
1881 births
1961 deaths
British people of World War I
British people of World War II
Royal Navy officers
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Companions of the Order of St Michael and St George
GCHQ
Scottish male field hockey players
Olympic bronze medallists for Great Britain
Olympic medalists in field hockey
Olympic field hockey players for Great Britain
British male field hockey players
Field hockey players at the 1908 Summer Olympics
University of Bonn alumni
University of Paris alumni
People from Greenock
Medalists at the 1908 Summer Olympics
Scottish Olympic medallists
Foreign Office personnel of World War II
British expatriates in France |
67027518 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cold%20Light%20of%20Day%20%281989%20film%29 | Cold Light of Day (1989 film) | Cold Light of Day is a 1989 British horror film written and directed by Fhiona Louise, and starring Bob Flag, Martin Byrne-Quinn, and Geoffrey Greenhill. Based on the crimes of serial killer Dennis Nilsen, the film is a fictionalized account of his various murders leading up to his apprehension by authorities. Louise, who was 21 years old at the time of the film's release, was the youngest woman ever to direct a feature film.
Plot
In late-1970s London, middle-aged civil servant Jordan March, apprehended by authorities, recounts the various murders he committed to Inspector Simmons, which are relayed through flashbacks. Jordan's killing spree began with a young former art student, Joe, whom he meets at a pub. After the two have drinks, Joe returns home with Jordan. Jordan finds Joe attractive, agrees to let Joe stay in his flat until he can regain stability. The next morning, Jordan spies on Joe as he takes a bath. Joe and Jordan have coffee at a cafe, but their conversation soon turns contentious. After Jordan departs for work, Joe cruises a young man for sex in the cafe bathroom.
Jordan soon become possessive of the young and freewheeling Joe, who gradually unabashedly takes advantage of him. One morning, while Joe lies sleeping, Jordan strangles him to death, before collapsing atop his body. He then experiences a flashback of the death of his grandfather as a child.
He keeps Joe's corpse in his bed, engaging in necrophilia with the body. Later, while walking through a red-light district, Jordan is approached by a female prostitute who ushers him into her flat. She attempts to seduce him, but he rebuffs her efforts; nonetheless, he pays her for her efforts before nervously departing.
Later, Jordan returns to the cafe and is approached by a young homeless man who asks for a cigarette. Though Jordan is annoyed, the man manages to convince Jordan to let him stay with him. Once at his flat, Jordan attacks the man, strangling him as he sits in an armchair before drowning him in his bathtub. After the murder, Jordan falls into a drunken sleep, and has nightmares about his grandfather's death, which he witnessed as a child. The following day, Jordan dismembers and skins the man's corpse, flushing heaps of flesh down the toilet, and boiling his severed head.
Jordan encounters another young punk, Stephen, on the streets of London, and saves him from a drug overdose. Stephen returns with Jordan to his flat, where he locks himself in the bathroom and injects himself with heroin. After stumbling out of the bathroom, Stephen collapses, suffering another overdose. Jordan proceeds to strangle him to death with a belt.
The next day, Julie, another tenant who lives beneath Jordan's flat, finds her bathroom plumbing appears to be clogged, and phones the landlord to inspect it. She informs Jordan of this, which causes him to panic. Jordan brings pieces of Stephen's flesh and organs outside, where he disposes of them in a storm drain. Meanwhile, the plumber inspecting the building notices a stench of decay, and finds remnants of human flesh in the pipes, leading him to contact the police. Jordan is arrested, and his flat dismantled by police. Beneath the floorboards, they uncover Joe's corpse, along with the dismembered bodies of the two other men.
Cast
Production
Cold Light of Day was written and directed by Fhiona Louise, a 21-year-old acting student. She wrote the screenplay for the film while studying at the Lee Strasberg Theatre and Film Institute's London campus, where she was studying under American actress Marianna Hill. Martin Byrne-Quinn, who portrayed Joe, was a classmate of Louise's, whom she asked to partake in the project.
Release
Cold Light of Day premiered at the 47th Venice International Film Festival in 1989. Louise would later recollect that, at the screening "at least a quarter of the audience walked out, but the people who remained stood up and applauded afterwards. They either loved it, or hated it, which was great. There can't be a better compliment for a young filmmaker."
Critical response
Time Out wrote that the film "has the lighting and look of an Andy Warhol home movie—heads cut off, lots of static shots of men on sofas—and a soundtrack composed of deep breathing, the pounding of a demolition ball, and church bells. Little light is thrown by March in the police interrogations on the reasons for his actions ('I didn't mean to. It just happened') or by the film itself."
Home media
In October 2020, Arrow Films released the film on Blu-ray.
References
External links
1980s serial killer films
1989 crime films
1989 films
1989 horror films
British horror films
British LGBT-related films
Films set in London
Films shot in London
LGBT-related horror films
Necrophilia in film
1980s English-language films
1980s British films |
64969018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafael%20Mar%C3%ADa%20de%20Labra | Rafael María de Labra | Rafael María de Labra y Cadrana (7 September 1840 – 16 April 1918) was a Spanish krausist educator, activist, lawyer, lecturer, Republican politician and author. He served two times as Rector of the Institución Libre de Enseñanza. A noted abolitionist, he was a key figure in the campaign for the abolition of slavery in Puerto Rico and Cuba.
Biography
Born in Havana (both 7 September 1840 and 1841 have been reported as birth date), son to Rafaela González Cadrana (a Cuban-Asturian) and Ramón María de Labra (a Liberal army officer from Asturias, defender of the 1812 Constitution who had been exiled during the Ominous Decade, destined to Cuba in 1836).
Rafael moved to Mainland Spain in 1849 with his family, establishing early in Madrid after briefly passing by Almería and Cádiz. A teenage Labra joined the Ateneo de Madrid as member on 15 November 1857. He was the founder (or editor) of a number of newspapers such as La Tribuna, El Correo de España or El Correo de Ultramar.
He took studies at the Central University of Madrid, where he became a disciple of , and ; he earned a licentiate degree in Philosophy and Letters in 1858, Administrative Law (1862) and Civil and Canon Law (1862).
His "dangerous or condemnable ideas" on colonial policies prevented him from becoming a university professor. A member of the Spanish Abolitionist Society, Labra became its president in 1869.
He became a member of the Congress of Deputies after the 1871 election, in representation of the district of Infiesto (Asturias). He would earn again a seat as member of the Lower House in representation of Sabana Grande (Puerto Rico; 1872; 1874); Havana (1879) and Santa Clara (Cuba; 1885).
He was also a member of the Spanish Senate, elected in representation of the University of Havana and in representation of the Sociedad Económica de Amigos del País de León.
Labra's first tenure as president of the Institución Libre de Enseñanza (ILE) lasted from 1881 to 1882. He returned to the presidency of the ILE in 1885, remaining at the post until his death. He was elected to the presidency of the government board of the Ateneo de Madrid in February 1913, serving in that capacity until his death.
He died on 16 April 1918, in Madrid.
Views
Labra, who along his parliamentary history espoused autonomist stances vis-à-vis the Cuban question, remarked in 1898 that "he was not an advocate of the independence of our Antilles", always defending the compatibility of autonomy of the colonies and Spanish national integrity. A convinced Republican, he adhered to the Republican-Evolutionist line during the First Spanish Republic. According to the Count of Romanones, if Labra had reneged on his republican faith, he would have hold top offices in Spanish politics (of the Restoration), being reportedly asked several times to join the government.
Described as a "Revolutionary Liberal", he was a key campaigner for the abolition of slavery in Cuba and Puerto Rico. He was also a pacifist.
Adhered to Krausist social organicism, he defended the instruction and education of the people as a mean to bridge the gap between social classes and as vehicle for the formation of a strong public opinion, thus facilitating the participation of people in politics.
References
Citations
Bibliography
1840 births
1918 deaths
Spanish abolitionists
Spanish educators
19th-century Spanish lawyers
Spanish male writers
Spanish pacifists
Spanish republicans
Members of the Congress of Deputies (Spain)
Members of the Congress of Deputies of the Spanish Restoration
Members of the Senate of the Spanish Restoration
Politicians from Havana
Presidents of the Ateneo de Madrid |
12617685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudotropheus%20benetos | Pseudotropheus benetos | Pseudotropheus benetos is a species of cichlid endemic to Lake Malawi known only at Likoma Island as well as along the northwestern coast between Nkhata bay and Chilumba.
References
benetos
Fish described in 1997
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot |
4918609 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malikussaleh | Malikussaleh | Malikussaleh (Arabic: الملك الصالح, ALA-LC: al-Malik al-Ṣālih; Acehnese: Malik ul Saleh, Malikus Saleh; literal meaning: "the pious king" / "the pious ruler") is an Acehnese who established the first Muslim state of Samudera Pasai in the year 1267. His original name was Mara Silu, Merah Silu, or Meurah Silu. It was said he saw an ant as big as a cat, he caught it and ate it. He named the place Samudera, meaning ocean in Sanskrit (samudra). King Mara Silu later converted to Islam, given an Ayyubid name of al-Malik al-Ṣālih. He married neighbour Perlak (Peureulak) Kingdom's daughter and had two sons. According to Hikayat Raja-raja Pasai, he met the Islamic prophet Muhammad in dream thus accepts conversion of Islam. Another source claimed a prince Malik from Aceh sailed across the sea to Beruas (Gangga Negara) and established a sultanate there.
Islam's arrival
According to Islamic Council of Victoria ICV , historians argue "that by the beginning of the 9th century Arab merchants and sailors, (and other Muslims) had begun to dominate Nanhai (Guangzhou) or Southeast Asian Trade." However, Malik's tomb is the oldest evidence known of the establishment in Southeast Asia, indicating his death in 1297.
See also
Parameswara (sultan)
Gangga Negara
References
External links
Aceh heritage and places
The Travels Of Marco Polo
Islamic Chronology: Part 1
Indonesian monarchs
Converts to Islam
1297 deaths
13th-century Indonesian people
13th-century monarchs in Asia
13th-century Muslims
Acehnese people
Muslim monarchs |
20707948 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni%20Invernizzi%20%28rower%29 | Giovanni Invernizzi (rower) | Giovanni Invernizzi (17 June 1926 – 16 October 1986) was an Italian rower who competed in the 1948 Summer Olympics and in the 1952 Summer Olympics.
He was born in Mandello del Lario in 1926. A worker at the Italian motorbike manufacturer Moto Guzzi based at their plant in Mandello del Lario, he became a member of the company's rowing team, Canottieri Moto Guzzi. A coxless four was formed with Giuseppe Moioli, Elio Morille, Invernizzi, and Franco Faggi. The first time they left their home training ground, Lake Como, was when they travelled to the 1947 European Rowing Championships in Lucerne, Switzerland. Little known in rowing circles, they unexpectedly won the gold medal in their boat class. The four were to dominate this boat class until 1952, continuously winning all races they rowed including all heats. In 1948 he was a crew member of the Italian boat which won the gold medal in the coxless fours event. Four years later he was eliminated with the Italian boat in the semi-final repechage of the coxless four competition.
He died in Abbadia Lariana in 1986.
References
External links
1926 births
1986 deaths
Italian male rowers
Olympic rowers for Italy
Rowers at the 1948 Summer Olympics
Rowers at the 1952 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Italy
Sportspeople from the Province of Lecco
Olympic medalists in rowing
Medalists at the 1948 Summer Olympics
European Rowing Championships medalists
People from Mandello del Lario |
5320583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20Macquarie%20%28New%20South%20Wales%29 | Lake Macquarie (New South Wales) | Lake Macquarie () is Australia's largest coastal lagoon. Located in the City of Lake Macquarie and Central Coast Council local government areas in the Hunter and Central Coast regions of New South Wales, Australia, it covers an area of and is connected to the Tasman Sea by a short channel. Most of the residents of the City of Lake Macquarie live near the shores of the lagoon.
Lake Macquarie is twice as large as Sydney Harbour and is the largest coastal salt water lagoon in the Southern Hemisphere. It is slightly smaller than Port Stephens, which is about to the northeast of the lagoon.
History
Aboriginal people of the Awabakal nation lived in the area surrounding what is now known as Lake Macquarie for thousands of years. The name Awaba, which means "a plain surface" was used to describe the lagoon. There are several significant sites in and around this country. Including; Butterfly Cave, Glenrock State Reserve and Pulbah Island Nature Reserve.
Lake Macquarie was first encountered by Europeans, in July 1800, by Captain William Reid, who had been tasked with obtaining a cargo of coal from the outcropping seams on the southern side of the Hunter River. Mistaking Moon Island for Nobby's and the entrance to Lake Macquarie at Swansea Heads for the mouth of the Hunter River, he obtained his cargo of coal from a seam outcropping in the southern headland at the lagoon's entrance—a headland since known as ‘Reid’s Mistake’—and so accidentally revealed to the settlers both the lagoon and the coastal coalfields of the area. Since the location seemed to match the description given to him, he presumed that he had reached the Hunter. It was only upon his return to Sydney that Reid found that he had not travelled far enough north to have reached the Hunter River. The name "Reid's Mistake" was used for the lagoon until 1826, when it was renamed in honour of Governor Lachlan Macquarie.
Geography and environment
The lagoon is of irregular shape and the land separating it from the ocean is only a few kilometres wide along most of its length. While there are several small, sandy, low-level islets in the lagoon, some of which are grouped near the mouth, Pulbah Island, located south of Swansea is a large island offering views from rocky cliffs.
Lake Macquarie is connected to the sea by two channels, Swansea Channel and Lake Entrance. Swansea Channel is approximately wide and long. It joins Lake Entrance, which measures approximately wide by at the Swansea bridges. The bridges can lift to allow yachts and other larger pleasure craft into and out of the lagoon.
There is no point on the coast from which the entire expanse of the lagoon and its foreshore may be seen. However, a good view can be obtained from lookouts in the nearby Watagan Mountains.
Important Bird Area
The remnant and fragmented eucalypt forests on the southern margins of the lagoon have been identified by BirdLife International as a 121 km2 Important Bird Area (IBA) because they support significant numbers of endangered swift parrots and regent honeyeaters in years when the swamp mahoganies and other favoured trees are flowering. Masked owls and ospreys regularly nest within the IBA.
Pulbah Island
The Pulbah Island Nature Reserve is a protected nature reserve that is located in the southern part of the lagoon. Being approximately long the island is, by far, the largest island in Lake Macquarie.
Pulbah Island is managed by the NSW National Parks & Wildlife Service. There are no permanent structures on the island and it is uninhabited although in the past a maintenance cottage existed on the island. Pulbah is an Australian indigenous Awabakal word meaning "island".
Weed infestation on the island is problematic. Local efforts have been made to remove and control weeds species such as Bitou bush, Lantana and Wandering Jew. It also has native trees such as spotted gum.
Kangaroos and koalas were introduced to the island during the early 1900s, but they have been extirpated by illegal hunting. Goannas are common on the island.
From the island there are clear views of the Wangi Wangi peninsula as well as the Eraring, Munmorah and Vales Point power stations.
The island has cliff faces on the west and south sides as well as the south east side. The rest of the island is edged by sandy beaches although the density of vegetation ensures that there is minimal beach at high tide. The east side of the island has a slight bay that is commonly frequented by leisure boats. Camping on the island is not permitted. Bushwalking and picnicking are permitted.
Pulbah Island is also a sacred site in Aboriginal culture for the Awabakal people and was declared an Aboriginal place in 1982.
Environmental management
In 1983, the State Pollution Control Commission undertook an investigation into the causes of poor water quality in the lagoon. The final report of this investigation, known as "The Environmental Audit of Lake Macquarie", identified the primary causes of concern, highlighting the major problems of sedimentation and nutrient enrichment. Accelerated sedimentation levels were estimated at per annum and nutrient levels had shown a substantial increase as a result of urbanisation. A study prepared for Lake Macquarie City Council in 1995 estimated that sediment loads to Lake Macquarie were per annum, which was very different from the sediment loads prior to European development, estimated at per annum. Two creek systems, Cockle and Dora Creeks, were estimated to be contributing and per annum respectively.
In 1998, the then NSW Premier, Bob Carr, announced the formation of a task force under the chairmanship of Clean Up Australia founder, Ian Kiernan. The report of the task force, known as the "Integrated Estuary and Catchment Management Framework" was accepted by the NSW State Cabinet in February 1999. The report recommended a unique institutional arrangement for implementation through the creation of the Office of the Lake Macquarie and Catchment Coordinator. This cooperative-based arrangement was a joint initiative of City of Lake Macquarie and the former Wyong Shire local government areas (which is now Central Coast Council) in 1998, as well as the NSW Government, with major funding provided by these partners. To oversee the implementation process, a committee known as the Lake Macquarie Project Management Committee was appointed by the then Minister of Land and Water Conservation. The Committee would consist of representatives of both councils; community; regional directors of relevant government departments and three ex-officio members.
The action plan, known as the Lake Macquarie Improvement Plan has an emphasis on integration, both physically and administratively, as well as promoting a whole of government approach and strong community involvement. The physical works concentrated on treating the cause of the water problems in the lagoon by tackling stormwater runoff within the catchment. Again, the emphasis adopted included the use of soft engineering and the restoration of natural ecological processes where possible. After six years in operation, the Lake Macquarie Project Management Committee entered its third project phase in 2006.
A series of water quality indicators are used to monitor and quantify the water quality improvements observed by the community. The lagoon body generally has low nutrient concentrations, good water clarity and excellent dissolved oxygen levels. Activities that reduce the amount of sediments and nutrients washing into the Lake via stormwater run-off have assisted in improving water quality in Lake Macquarie. These activities include the construction of wetlands, the installation of stormwater treatment devices, bush regeneration and an increased awareness by the local community.
Recreational fishing is improving as fish stocks respond to the recent removal of commercial fishing and the significant increase in water quality that has come from a concerted environmental program undertaken by the state government and council. Since settlement lagoon-bed silt has increased in some areas due to unsealed roads, road shoulders and diffuse effects of urbanisation, however the quantity is far less than in nearby Lake Munmorah, and swimming is quite tolerable. Average water depth is approximately , reaching a maximum depth of approximately east of Pulbah Island.
The lagoon has an increased level of mercury.
Recreation
Recreational fishing, boating, kayaking and water skiing are all popular recreational activities on the lagoon. The popularity of kayaking is increasing. Sailing and yacht racing are also popular with the lagoon boasting many yacht clubs including:
Belmont 16 ft Sailing Club
Lake Macquarie Yacht Club, Belmont
Mannering Park Amateur Sailing Club
Marmong Pt Sailing Club
Royal Motor Yacht Club of NSW, Toronto
Speers Point Amateur Sailing Club
South Lake Macquarie Amateur Sailing Club
Teralba Amateur Sailing Club
Toronto Amateur Sailing Club Toronto
Wangi RSL Amateur Sailing Club
References
External links
Lake Macquarie navigation chart
Macquarie
Islands of New South Wales
Important Bird Areas of New South Wales
Protected areas established in 1970 |
5932118 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willamette%20University%20College%20of%20Law | Willamette University College of Law | The Willamette University College of Law is the law school of Willamette University. Located in Salem, Oregon, and founded in 1883, Willamette is the oldest law school in the Pacific Northwest. It has approximately 24 full-time law professors and enrolls about 300 students, with about 100 of those enrolled in their first year of law school. The campus is located across the street from the Oregon State Capitol and the Oregon Supreme Court Building; the College is located in the Truman Wesley Collins Legal Center.
It offers both full-time and part-time enrollment for the Doctor of Jurisprudence (J.D.) degree, joint-degree programs, and a Master of Laws (LL.M.) program. The joint-degree programs allow students to earn both a J.D. and a Master of Business Administration (M.B.A.) concurrently in a four-year program, or complete a bachelor's degree and J.D. in six years. Willamette Law's oldest legal journal is the Willamette Law Review, which started in 1960 and is housed in the Oregon Civic Justice Center. According to Willamette's 2016 ABA-required disclosures, 52.63% of the Class of 2016 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment nine months after graduation. Of all 2016 grads who passed the bar, 84.31% had full-time, long-term, JD-required employment.
History
Founding and early years
In July 1866, Willamette University's trustees formed a committee to explore the possibility of a legal department. At that time, legal education was traditionally taught as an apprenticeship in which those wishing to be lawyers would study under an existing attorney for several years before being allowed to pass the bar. Although the school did not begin a legal department in 1866, Willamette did confer a Doctor of Laws degree on Matthew P. Deady, who later helped establish the University of Oregon School of Law, Oregon's second law school.
The College of Law was founded in 1883, and it is the oldest law school in the Pacific Northwest. In April 1884, the Board of Trustees officially approved the new legal department; tuition for the two-year course was $50 per year. William Marion Ramsey served as the school's first dean. He was dean from 1883 until 1888 and led a faculty of three. The three professors were George H. Burnett, who taught contracts, commercial law, and torts; J. T. Gregg, who taught evidence and common law; and William H. Holmes, who was the instructor for admiralty and criminal law.
The school's first entering class had three students, with Charles A. Packenham as the first graduate in 1886. In addition to being the oldest law school in Oregon and the Pacific Northwest, Willamette College of Law was the 75th law school founded in the United States, and is the second oldest in the Western U.S., behind Hastings College of Law in California. From its founding until 1923, the law school was located in Waller Hall.
During the early years of the law school, enrollment fluctuated from as many as 17 graduates in 1898 to as few as zero graduates in 1903 and 1905. Dean Ramsey resigned in 1888 and was replaced by George G. Bingham, who served until 1891 when replaced by his pupil Samuel T. Richardson. Women were allowed to enroll beginning in 1892; in 1898, the first women, Olive S. England and Gabrielle Clark, graduated. The third female graduate, in 1899, was Anna Carson, who was part of the Carson legal family of Salem that includes Wallace P. Carson (1923 graduate) a state legislator and Wallace P. Carson, Jr. (1962 graduate) a state legislator and longtime chief justice of the Oregon Supreme Court.
20th century stability and ABA accreditation
In 1902, Dean Richardson left the school and was replaced by John W. Reynolds who served until 1907. In 1908, Charles L. McNary was appointed dean, serving until 1913, when Willamette selected future Oregon Attorney General Isaac Homer Van Winkle. Van Winkle was an alumnus of both Willamette and the law school, serving as dean until 1927.
From 1923 until 1938, the school was located in Eaton Hall. Roy R. Hewitt was dean from 1927 to 1932, followed by Roy Lockenour, who served until 1939. Willamette Law was first accredited by the American Bar Association in 1938, and in 1946, it became a member of the Association of American Law Schools. In 1938, the school moved to Gatke Hall, a former United States Post Office. The law school was housed there until 1967.
Mid-century growth and Lady Justice
During this time, deans of the law school included George M. McLeod (1940–1942), Ray L. Smith (1942–1946), and Seward P. Reese (1946–1968). During World War II, enrollment declined to only five graduates between 1943 and 1945, and classes were moved to the undergraduate library as the United States Navy used Gatke Hall. In 1946, enrollment rebounded with a total of 92 students, the largest student body of the law school up to that date.
After 1952, Willamette Law received a large Lady Justice statue when the Marion County Courthouse was demolished to make way for a new one. In 1959, the school founded its first law review, the Willamette Law Review. Enrollment continued to increase reaching a class size of 185 by the mid-1960s; because of this increase, the College of Law Foundation was created by the university's trustees in 1959 to explore the construction of a new facility. Willamette transitioned from awarding the bachelor of laws degree to the now-standard U.S. law school Juris Doctor beginning in 1965.
Collins Legal Center and Civic Justice Center
In 1967, a new $1.1 million facility, the Truman Wesley Collins Legal Center, opened in September. The College of Law moved across campus to the Collins Legal Center along with Lady Justice, the -tall, statue formerly located on the roof of the Marion County Courthouse. James L. Malone served as dean from 19671968, succeeded by Arthur B. Custy who became dean and served until 1971. During Custy's deanship the admissions standards changed at Willamette to require a bachelor's degree and taking the Law School Admission Test. Later deans of the school included Larry K. Harvey (1971–1977) and Leroy Tornquist (1979–1987). In 1984, the law school established the Center for Dispute Resolution, an alternative dispute resolution program.
Deans of the school in recent years include David R. Kenagy (1994–1996 interim), Robert M. Ackerman (1996–1999), and Symeon Symeonides (1999 to 2011). In 2008, the school opened the Oregon Civic Justice Center to house programs including the Center for Dispute Resolution, the Clinical Law Program, Center for Law and Government, and the Willamette Law Review. Willamette admitted part-time students for the first time for fall 2012, and since then, has added joint degree 3+3 Programs with Willamette University, Oregon State University, OSU-Cascades, Portland State University, and the University of Alaska Anchorage. With the 3+3 Program, students spend three years working on their bachelor's degree at those institutions, finishing their fourth year electives as a first year student at Willamette Law.
Academics
Admissions
The College of Law offers full-time and part-time enrollment for its JD program, with no application deadline for the JD program. In 2016, the school accepted 74% of all applicants who applied to the school. Enrolled students from that entering class had Law School Admission Test (LSAT) scores in the range of 148 to 155 (25th–75th percentile) and a median score of 151. In 2007 and 2010, U.S. News & World Report ranked the school in their Third Tier, while in 2008, the school was ranked sixth by The Princeton Review in the "Most Welcoming of Older Students" category. As of 2017, Willamette was ranked as the 142nd best law school by U.S. News & World Report.
Programs
The JD program has both a traditional three-year, full-time curriculum or a part-time day program that can take a maximum of six years. Students' initial enrollment can only begin with the fall term each year. Through a partnership between the College of Law and Willamette's Atkinson Graduate School of Management, a joint degree program is offered to students interested in earning both a JD and an MBA concurrently. The program allows students to earn both degrees in four years instead of five years if completed separately. The business portion of the program is accredited through the Association to Advance Collegiate Schools of Business and the National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration, while the law portion, along with the entire law school, is accredited by the American Bar Association.
The school also offers five 3+3 Programs to allow students to earn both an undergraduate degree and law degree in a total of six years. Through partnerships with Willamette's College of Liberal Arts, Oregon State University, OSU-Cascades, Portland State University, and University of Alaska Anchorage, students can earn a bachelor's degree and a law degree in six years, amounting to a decrease of one year from the standard seven years combined to earn both a bachelor and law degree. Both JD and joint degree students can enroll in the certificate programs, studying abroad, working at the Clinical Law Program, and taking classes from the Center for Dispute Resolution.
The Center for Dispute Resolution, founded in 1983, offers coursework in the areas of arbitration, negotiation and mediation. In 2006, the Dispute Resolution program was ranked 7th by U.S. News & World Report.
A Clinical Law Program gives law students hands-on, professional experience in law offices and courtrooms across the country. The program comprises four advanced legal education courses, including specialized clinics in Business Law, Trusts and Estates, Child and Family Advocacy, and Human Rights and Immigration. C.
Students have the opportunity to participate in study abroad programs in Germany and Ecuador. The Ecuador program began in 1995, and in 2002, Germany was added.
LLM
The LLM (Master of Laws) in Transnational Law educates law students on international law topics such as international business transactions, comparative law, and private international law. Another LLM program covers Dispute Resolution. Both LLM tracks allow students to enroll in classes at the Atkinson Graduate School of Management. LLM students can attend either full-time or part-time, but they must complete the 26-credit-hour program within two academic years.
MLS
The College also offers a Master of Legal Studies (MLS) program. This one-year program is designed for professionals whose job involves working within a legal or regulatory framework. MLS students work with a law school advisor to develop a set of courses to meet their specific career needs or goals. The MLS is not intended to prepare students for the JD program or to sit for the bar examination.
Certificate programs
The law school offers five certificate programs for students in both the JD program and the joint degree program: Dispute Resolution, Law and Business, International and Comparative Law, Sustainability Law, and Law and Government. The business law, law and government, and international and comparative law certificate programs were introduced to the curriculum in 2002. These programs allow students to specialize in those areas of study and earn a certificate demonstrating that specialization.
Law journals
Law Reviews published by the College of Law include:
The Willamette Environmental Law Journal is an online-only journal which began publication in summer 2012 and is published twice per year.
The Willamette Journal of International Law and Dispute Resolution began publication in 1992 with a focus on dispute resolution and the law on the international level.
The Willamette Journal of Social Justice and Equity is the first social justice law-oriented journal in Oregon. The Journal of Social Justice was organized in 2016 with plans to begin publication in winter 2017. The first issue was released in January 2018.
Willamette Law Review is the flagship law review at the College of Law. Publication began in 1959 with four issues published each year. By 2020, the journal had switched to publishing three issues each year, discontinuing the summer issue. This student-run general interest law review also sponsors an annual symposium at the law school.
The Willamette Sports Law Journal was the first journal on sports law in the Pacific Northwest. This student-edited journal was published from 2004 through Spring of 2016 after which it disbanded as a student organization.
Willamette University College of Law also produces the Willamette Lawyer and Willamette Law Online. The Willamette Lawyer is the school's alumni magazine, published once annually in the fall. Willamette Law Online is a subscription service produced primarily by students that provides case summaries free to legal professionals in the Pacific Northwest.
Facilities
Willamette's College of Law is primarily housed in the Truman Wesley Collins Legal Center (Collins Legal Center).
Oregon Civic Justice Center
Opened in 2008, the Oregon Civic Justice Center is one block north of the Collins Legal Center. Built within Salem's 1912 Carnegie library building, the school remodeled the structure at a cost of $4 million. The building is home to the Willamette Law Review; Willamette's Center for Democracy, Religion and Law; the Center for Dispute Resolution; the law school's Clinical Program; and the Center for Law and Government. These programs were chosen due to their community outreach programs, as the school plans to create a community atmosphere between students, faculty, and the general community.
Library
The J. W. Long Law Library has 296,000 volumes and microform equivalents, which include both state and federal primary law sources, as well as treatises, periodicals and other secondary legal sources. The three-story structure is attached to the Collins Legal Center and contains study rooms, video rooms, conference rooms, and computer labs, and it is staffed by reference librarians. Additionally, it has special collections in tax law, public international law, and labor law, and it is a Selective Federal Government Documents Depository. Members of the public may access the library when the library is staffed by librarians. Law students also have access to Willamette University's Mark O. Hatfield Library, the Oregon Supreme Court Law Library, the Oregon State Library, and the Oregon State Archives.
Employment
According to Willamette's official 2016 ABA-required disclosures, 52.63% of the Class of 2016 obtained full-time, long-term, JD-required employment nine months after graduation. Of all 2016 grads who passed the bar, 84.31% had full-time, long-term, JD-required employment. Willamette's Law School Transparency under-employment score is 38.6%, indicating the percentage of the Class of 2016 unemployed, pursuing an additional degree, or working in a non-professional, short-term, or part-time job nine months after graduation.
Costs
The total cost of attendance (indicating the cost of tuition, fees, and living expenses) at Willamette for the 2017-2018 academic year is $61,860. The Law School Transparency estimated debt-financed cost of attendance for three years is $225,936.
Distinguished faculty
Paul De Muniz – Former Chief Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court
Susan M. Leeson – Former Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court
Hans A. Linde – Former Chief Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court
Charles L. McNary – Former United States Senator
Edwin J. Peterson – Former Chief Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court
Distinguished alumni
Bruce Botelho – former mayor of Juneau, Alaska
Jay Bowerman – former Governor of Oregon
Wallace P. Carson, Jr. – former Chief Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court
Kevin Clarkson – former Alaska Attorney General
Willis C. Hawley – former member of the United States House of Representatives
Fern Hobbs – former secretary to Governor Oswald West
Jay Inslee – current Governor of the State of Washington
Joshua Kindred – U.S. district judge, United States District Court for the District of Alaska
Virginia Linder – former Associate Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court
Conde McCullough – bridge engineer
Lesil McGuire – former member of the Alaska Senate
Bob Mionske – trial attorney, author, Olympian
John Mizuno – Vice Speaker of the Hawaii House of Representatives
Paul De Muniz – former Chief Justice of the Oregon Supreme Court
Lisa Murkowski – current United States Senator
Norma Paulus – former Oregon Secretary of State
Leonardo Rapadas – former attorney general of Guam
Stephen Yamashiro – Mayor of Hawaii County 1992–2000
References
External links
Collins Legal Center prior to expansion
Educational institutions established in 1883
1883 establishments in Oregon
Law schools in Oregon |
70365863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natalya%20Orlova | Natalya Orlova | Natalia Orlova (; born 29 August 1969, Rubtsovsk, Altai Krai) is a Russian political figure and a deputy of the 8th State Duma.
In 2004, Orlova was appointed Deputy Head of the Department for Financial and Economic Support of the Central Executive Committee of the All-Russian Political Party United Russia. From 2012 to 2021, she served as the First Deputy Head of the Central Executive Committee of the United Russia Party. She was an authorized representative for financial matters of the candidate for the post of President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin in the elections of 2004, 2008, 2012, 2018. Since September 2021, she has served as a deputy of the 8th State Dumas where she joined the Committee for Transport and Development of Transport Infrastructure.
Sanctions
She is one of the members of the State Duma the United States Treasury sanctioned on 24 March 2022 in response to the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine.
Sanctioned by the UK government in 2022 in relation to Russo-Ukrainian War.
References
1969 births
Living people
United Russia politicians
Eighth convocation members of the State Duma (Russian Federation)
21st-century Russian women politicians
Russian individuals subject to the U.S. Department of the Treasury sanctions
Russian individuals subject to United Kingdom sanctions
Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration alumni |
57909307 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketball%20at%20the%201984%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20team%20rosters | Basketball at the 1984 Summer Olympics – Men's team rosters | Twelve men's teams competed in basketball at the 1984 Summer Olympics.
Group A
Australia
The following players represented Australia:
Andy Campbell
Andrew Gaze
Brad Dalton
Damian Keogh
Danny Morseu
Ian Davies
Larry Sengstock
Mark Dalton
Mel Dalgleish
Phil Smyth
Ray Borner
Wayne Carroll
Brazil
The following players represented Brazil:
Gerson
Israel
Marcel
Marcelo
Carioquinha
Oscar Schmidt
Sílvio
Adilson
Eduardo Agra
Marquinhos
Nilo Guimarães
Cadum
Egypt
The following players represented Egypt:
Abdel Hadi El-Gazzar
Abdel Kader Rabieh
Ahmed Mohamed Marei
Alain Attalah
Amin Shouman
Amir Abdel Meguid
Essameldin Abou El-Nein
Khaled Mohammed Bekhit
Mohsen Medhat Warda
Mohamed Khaled
Mohamed Sayed Soliman
Tarek El-Sabbagh
Italy
The following players represented Italy:
Antonello Riva
Carlo Caglieris
Dino Meneghin
Enrico Gilardi
Marco Bonamico
Pierluigi Marzorati
Renato Villalta
Renzo Vecchiato
Roberto Brunamonti
Roberto Premier
Romeo Sacchetti
Walter Magnifico
West Germany
The following players represented West Germany:
Armin Sowa
Christian Welp
Christoph Körner
Detlef Schrempf
Ingo Mendel
Klaus Zander
Michael Pappert
Ulrich Peters
Uwe Blab
Uwe Brauer
Uwe Sauer
Vladimir Kadlec
Yugoslavia
The following players represented Yugoslavia:
Dražen Petrović
Aleksandar Petrović
Nebojša Zorkić
Rajko Žižić
Ivan Sunara
Emir Mutapčić
Sabit Hadžić
Andro Knego
Ratko Radovanović
Mihovil Nakić-Vojnović
Dražen Dalipagić
Branko Vukićević
Group B
Canada
The following players represented Canada:
Tony Simms
Bill Wennington
Danny Meagher
Eli Pasquale
Gerald Kazanowski
Gord Herbert
Greg Wiltjer
Howard Kelsey
Jay Triano
John Hatch
Karl Tilleman
Romel Raffin
China
The following players represented China:
Hu Zhangbao
Huang Yunlong
Ji Zhaoguang
Kuang Lubin
Li Yaguang
Liu Jianli
Lü Jinqing
Sun Fengwu
Wang Haibo
Wang Libin
Zhang Bin
France
The following players represented France:
Éric Beugnot
Grégor Beugnot
Patrick Cham
Richard Dacoury
Jean-Luc Deganis
Hervé Dubuisson
Bangaly Kaba
Jacques Monclar
Stéphane Ostrowski
Jean-Michel Sénégal
Philippe Szanyiel
Georges Vestris
Spain
The following players represented Spain:
José Manuel Beirán
José Luis Llorente
Fernando Arcega
Josep Maria Margall
Andrés Jiménez
Fernando Romay
Fernando Martín
Juan Antonio Corbalán
Ignacio Solozábal
Juan de la Cruz
Juan Manuel López
Juan Antonio San Epifanio
United States
The following players represented the United States:
Steve Alford
Leon Wood
Patrick Ewing
Vern Fleming
Alvin Robertson
Michael Jordan
Joe Kleine
Jon Koncak
Wayman Tisdale
Chris Mullin
Sam Perkins
Jeff Turner
Uruguay
The following players represented Uruguay:
Víctor Frattini
Luis Larrosa
Horacio López
Juan Mignone
Hébert Núñez
Carlos Peinado
Horacio Perdomo
Julio Pereyra
Luis Pierri
Wilfredo Ruiz
Álvaro Tito
References
1984 |
12916308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude%20Burton%20%28cricketer%29 | Claude Burton (cricketer) | Robert Claude Burton (11 April 1891 – 30 April 1971) was an English first-class cricketer, who played for Oxford University and Yorkshire.
Burton was born in Bridlington, East Riding of Yorkshire, England, the younger brother of Cecil Burton, who captained Yorkshire at cricket after World War I. Burton was educated at Malvern College and Brasenose College, Oxford, and appeared in several matches for Oxford University from 1911 to 1914, without ever becoming a regular player. In the 1914 season, he made two appearances for Yorkshire, scoring 47 in his first match against Somerset, and taking useful wickets in the second against Gloucestershire. After the war, Burton played only two more first-class matches: once for the Demobilised Officers' side against a combined Army and Navy team at Lord's in 1919, and then, in 1928, for the amateur Harlequins team that played the 1928 West Indies tourists at Eastbourne.
Burton was a right-handed batsman who usually batted in the lower middle order, though in his final game he opened the innings. He also bowled right-arm medium-fast.
He became a house master, and was in charge of the cricket, at Eastbourne College, and died nearby at Stone Cross, near Pevensey, East Sussex, in April 1971, aged 80.
References
External links
CricketArchive.com
1891 births
1971 deaths
English cricketers
Oxford University cricketers
Yorkshire cricketers
British Army personnel of World War I
Schoolteachers from Sussex
People from Bridlington
People educated at Malvern College
Alumni of Brasenose College, Oxford
Harlequins cricketers
Cricketers from Yorkshire
Demobilised Officers cricketers
People from Wealden District |
47182563 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics%20at%20the%202015%20SEA%20Games%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%205000%20metres | Athletics at the 2015 SEA Games – Women's 5000 metres | The women's 5000 metres at the 2015 SEA Games was held in National Stadium, Singapore. The track and field events took place on June 9.
Schedule
All times are (UTC+08:00)
Records
Results
Legend
SB — Seasonal Best
PB — Personal Best
References
Athletics at the 2015 SEA Games
Women's sports competitions in Singapore
2015 in women's athletics |
4478070 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukas%20Achtschelling | Lukas Achtschelling | Lukas Achtschelling (born 1570) was a landscape painter from Brussels, Belgium.
The Dresdner gallery has owned two small pieces by him, and the St. Michael and Gudula Cathedral three pieces.
He was probably the grandfather of the landscape painter with the same name, Lucas Achtschellinck.
References
1570 births
17th-century deaths
16th-century Flemish painters
Flemish landscape painters |
25614945 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benham%20Falls | Benham Falls | Benham Falls are rapids of the Deschutes River located between Sunriver and Bend, Oregon, United States. With a pitch of 22.5°, they are rated Class 5 for watercraft, and are the largest falls on the upper Deschutes.
The falls were created by the eruption of nearby Lava Butte approximately 6,000 years ago, as the lava flow dammed the Deschutes, forming a lake known as Lake Benham. The river eventually flowed over the dam, draining the lake and thus forming Benham Falls. Around 1885, J. R. Benham attempted and failed to file a land claim near the falls, though they were later named for him.
Today, there are forest roads connecting Benham Falls to Lava Butte, Lava River Cave, and Sunriver Resort. A footbridge connects the forest road to an easy-to-navigate trail near the river and falls. The shady area has much wildlife and flowers. Because of this, the area also has mosquitoes. Additionally, the United States Forest Service has established a few lookouts over the gorge for viewers. Hikers and mountain bikers who continue on this trail pass Dillon Falls and Lava Island Falls, and eventually, the city of Bend. Benham Falls is relatively easier to see compared to the falls downstream, because it is not surrounded by lava flow from Lava Butte, but surrounded by forest. Because of its location, it is also much more popular.
Benham Falls is also in the Deschutes National Forest and the Newberry National Volcanic Monument. Benham Falls Recreation Site and Benham Falls West Recreation Site are located nearby.
References
External links
Cascade waterfalls
Deschutes National Forest
Waterfalls of Deschutes County, Oregon
Waterfalls of Oregon |
35751533 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobjoi%20Township | Dobjoi Township | Dobjoi or Doqoi is a village and township in the Tibet Autonomous Region, in China.
Populated places in Shigatse
Township-level divisions of Tibet |
11929592 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactosyltransferase | Galactosyltransferase | Galactosyltransferase is a type of glycosyltransferase which catalyzes the transfer of galactose. An example is B-N-acetylglucosaminyl-glycopeptide b-1,4-galactosyltransferase.
The biosynthesis of disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides involves the action of hundreds of different glycosyltransferases. These enzymes catalyse the transfer of sugar moieties from activated donor molecules to specific acceptor molecules, forming glycosidic bonds. A classification of glycosyltransferases using nucleotide diphospho-sugar, nucleotide monophospho-sugar and sugar phosphates () and related proteins into distinct sequence based families has been described. This classification is available on the CAZy (Carbohydrate-Active EnZymes) web site. The same three-dimensional fold is expected to occur within each of the families. Because 3-D structures are better conserved than sequences, several of the families defined on the basis of sequence similarities may have similar 3-D structures and therefore form 'clans'.
Glycosyltransferase family 31 (CAZY GH_31) comprises enzymes with a number of known activities; N-acetyllactosaminide beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (); beta-1,3-galactosyltransferase (); fucose-specific beta-1,3-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (); globotriosylceramide beta-1,3-GalNAc transferase ().
Human galactosyltransferases
B3GALNT1; B3GALNT2; B3GALT1; B3GALT2; B3GALT4; B3GALT5; B3GALT6; B3GNT2; B3GNT3; B3GNT4; B3GNT5; B3GNT6; B3GNT7; B3GNT8;
B4GALNT1; B4GALNT2; B4GALNT3; B4GALNT4;
B4GALT1; B4GALT2; B4GALT3; B4GALT4; B4GALT5; B4GALT6; B4GALT7;
GALNT1; GALNT2; GALNT3; GALNT4; GALNT5; GALNT6; GALNT7; GALNT8; GALNT9; GALNT10; GALNT11; GALNT12; GALNT13; GALNT14;
GALNTL1; GALNTL2; GALNTL4; GALNTL5; GALNTL6;
References
External links
Transferases
EC 2.4.1 |
13444957 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulus%20the%20woodgnome | Paulus the woodgnome | Paulus the woodgnome () was a Dutch newspaper comic strip, which ran between 1946 and 1984. Its popularity inspired a series of children's novels, a radio series and a television puppet series. It was created by Jan van Oort (pseudonym Jean Dulieu), who personally made all adaptations of his work. Paulus was translated into German, English, Swedish and Japanese.
History
The first Paulus comic strip was published on February 2, 1946, in the Dutch newspaper Het Vrije Volk. Like most comic strips in The Netherlands at the time it was published in text comics format, with the text below the images. During the first 12 years nearly 3500 individual strips were written and drawn. Dulieu temporarily interrupted his comic strip in 1957 to focus more on his radio series adaptation of Paulus. After the show was cancelled in 1963 he continued making new comic strips until 1967–1968, when he focused on a new project: a TV puppet series. Between 1974 and 1984 Dulieu drew his final series of comics about Paulus.
Apart from Het Vrije Volk the comics were also published in magazines such as Kris Kras, Bobo, Avrobode and Eva.
Storyline
Paulus is a gnome who lives in the woods. His friends are Oehoeboeroe (pronounced: "Oohoobooroo") the owl, Salomo the raven and Gregorius the badger. His archenemy is Eucalypta the witch and her assistant Krakras the soup chicken.
Characters
Paulus: A nice, good natured wood gnome who is a friend of all nature and enjoys to smoke a pipe now and then.
Oehoeboeroe: A wise owl who enjoys talking in archaic language. He is a good friend of Paulus, despite his love for eating mice.
Gregorius: A greedy, lazy and not too bright badger. He frequently makes use of spoonerisms. He too is a friend of Paulus.
Salomo: A wise raven who is another one of Paulus' friends.
Eucalypta: An ugly and evil witch who is Paulus' arch enemy.
Krakras: A crow who was transformed into a featherless chick by Eucalypta. She often assists her.
Mol: A mole who often helps Paulus.
Pluim: A squirrel and friend of Paulus.
Wipper: A rabbit.
Reintje: An evil fox, who is a threat to the other animals and often works together with Eucalypta.
Poetepa and Moetema: A bear couple who have a little cub named Poetepoet, who ran away from home because he wanted to be big.
Radio series
Between 1955 and 1964 Paulus de boskabouter was adapted for VARA radio as a series of audio plays. 900 episodes were made. Jean Dulieu did all the voices personally, except for Prinses Priegeltje, which was done by his daughter Dorinde van Oort. The theme music was "Dance of an ostracised imp" by Frederic Curzon. Several episodes were released on vinyl records and in the 2000s some were also made available on CD.
Television series
Between October 1, 1967, and December 29, 1968, Paulus de boskabouter was made into a puppet series for VARA television. Dulieu made all the puppets himself and also provided the voices. Fred Bosman was the director. The series was exported to the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, Canada Australia and Japan The British dub was narrated by Arthur Lowe, with voices by Peter Hawkins and broadcast on ITV. It was produced by NTS Netherlands.
Episode list
Oehoeboeroe and the Mouse
The Falling Tree
Visit from Pieter
Breakfast for Paulus
Clock 12
Gregorius Fixes it Up
In the Woods
Professor Punt’s Rolomobile
Gregorius’s Pitfall
Sick Eucalypta
Chinese Hat
Paulus Sleeping
The Witch Machine
From an Oil Tie, an Oil Tie and Oil Eucalypta
Careful in the Evening
Whoever Sets a Snare for Another Falls into it Himself
Playfighting
Telling Tales
Eucalypta’s Fur Coat
Angry Beasts in the Woods
Bear Bedtime
Go Ahead, Dig Again
Paulus’s Date
Feeding Bugs
Who Wants Carrots?
A Strange Rabbit
Japie the Unicorn
The Miracle Stove
Professor Punt and a Difficult Case
The Vampire
Paulus’s Winter Supply
Mushroom Soup
The Tree Ghost
Eucalypta’s Birthday
The Worrelsik
A Beautiful Morning in the Woods
Professor Punt’s Smokemobile
Eucalypta’s Alarm Clock
The Rabbit Wedding
From September 29, 1974, until May 31, 1975, a new puppet TV series about Paulus was made. This time the puppets were made by the Brothers Slabbers and the voices were done by professional actors, such as Elsje Scherjon, Frans van Dusschoten and Ger Smith, who also worked for De Fabeltjeskrant. Leen Valkenier wrote the scripts and Loek de Levita produced the show.
Novelizations
During the 1970s Paulus was also published as a series of children's novels. From 2003 onward, De Meulder Publishers has published a new series of Paulus books, the so-called red books.
"The Hay Cage"
"The Log Plan"
"The Sparrows Job"
The Heroic Mole"
The Outdoor Schnaps
"The Squat Birds"
"The Boo Trees"
"The Inventor"
"Acornities"
"The Snow Sniffer"
"The Fly Chicken"
"United We Stand"
"The Jumpsuit"
"The Trinity"
"The Bottle Man"
"The Annual Assembly"
"The Frog Bride"
"The Rooster Helmet"
"In Dire Straits"
"Snails' Talk"
"The Breton Beast"
"The Hats Party"
Further publications are forthcoming.
References
External links
List of programmes (new catalogue) in the archives of Netherlands Institute for Sound and Vision
Paulus Archives (Dutch), website
Dutch comic strips
Fictional gnomes
Fictional Dutch people
Fantasy comics
Text comics
Comics about animals
Comics set in forests
1946 comics debuts
1957 comics endings
1963 comics debuts
1967 comics endings
1974 comics debuts
1984 comics endings
Comics characters introduced in 1946
Dutch comics characters
Male characters in comics
Dutch radio programs
1955 radio programme debuts
1964 radio programme endings
Children's radio programs
Fantasy radio programs
Radio programs based on comic strips
Comics adapted into radio series
Comics adapted into television series
Comics adapted into novels
Dutch children's television series
Dutch fantasy television series
1967 Dutch television series debuts
1968 Dutch television series endings
1974 Dutch television series debuts
1975 Dutch television series endings
Dutch television shows featuring puppetry
Dutch-language television shows
ITV children's television shows
Dutch children's books
Folklore of the Benelux
Comics about witches and witchcraft
Comics about owls |
28975051 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asexuals%20%28band%29 | Asexuals (band) | The Asexuals (or Asexuals) is a hardcore punk band from Beaconsfield that was a mainstay of the Montreal punk scene in the 1980s before changing into an alternative band following the departure of singer John Kastner. Kastner left to form the Doughboys and later, All Systems Go!.
History
The Asexuals formed in 1983 when Sean Friesen, T.J. Collins and Paul Remington, all Beaconsfield High students, decided to start a punk rock band. Another Beaconsfield native, future actor Al Goulem, was in the band as second guitarist for a few months with Collins singing. Their friend John Kastner quickly joined and became the singer.
After briefly using the names "Commonwealth", "Dead Dog", "Johnny Jew and the Holocaust" and "VD Teens", they finally chose the name "Asexuals" because none of the band members had girlfriends at the time. Their music mixed elements of hardcore as well as more melodic punk rock à la The Nils or Hüsker Dü.
1984–1985: Be What You Want, Contemporary World
The band played gigs in Montreal, Ottawa, Kingston and Toronto, opening for touring Canadian and American punk bands before releasing their first EP, Featuring: The Asexuals on Og Music in 1984. They quickly released their second EP, B.F.D. and, the same year, contributed the song "Contra Rebels" to the Montreal punk compilation Primitive Air-Raid on Psyche Industry Records. In December 1984, they released their first LP Be What You Want on First Strike Records.
By the following year, Psyche Industry Records had received much positive feedback about the song, "Contra Rebels", (the opening track from the Primitive Air-Raid compilation), so they re-released the band's Be What You Want LP after First Strike Records refused to do so, having stopped answering the band's letters and phone calls. Also in 1985, Psyche Industry released the Asexuals' second LP, Contemporary World, which featured a hardcore treatment of Bob Dylan's classic song, "The Times They Are a-Changin'", and generally flirted with a more alternative rock sound. The band went on a two-month, 69-date tour across the U.S.A. and Canada to promote that album.
The Asexuals were reviled in many punk fanzines because of "Contra Rebels". The lyrics were a little ambiguous, particularly the lines "Contra-rebels, trained by the CIA, Contra-rebels, will blow your Reds away". Tim Yohannon of Maximumrocknroll didn't get the irony, calling the band "the mouthpieces of the new right" before apologizing a few months later.
In 1987, Kastner clashed with the other members about the band's evolving musical direction, and was kicked out. Kastner went on to form the Doughboys, while the Asexuals reconfigured themselves, with Collins and Freisen both playing electric guitar and sharing lead-vocal duties, and bringing in then-Jerry Jerry and the Sons of Rhythm Orchestra bassist Blake Cheetah (now better known as Bangkok-based writer Jim Algie) to take over bass guitar from Collins. They toured across North America continuously, opening for fellow Canadian punk bands like D.O.A. and SNFU, as well as such American hardcore greats as Hüsker Dü, the Minutemen, the Dicks and Youth Brigade.
1988–1992: Dish, Exile from Floontown
In 1988, the band released their third full-length LP, Dish, on Cargo Records. Under the direction of Producer Steve Kravac, Dish was an artistic and sonic departure from their previous recordings, not only because of the noticeable absence of Kastner's sneering vocals, but because of a more college-radio friendly sound. For the first time, the band departed from the standard arrangement of distorted electric guitars, bass, and drums—the opening track featured acoustic guitars and horns. While this less brash sound alienated many long-time fans, the songs generally remained punchy and hard-rocking, and the band retained a tougher sound when performing live.
The band was on the verge of breaking up when a German promoter offered them a contract to tour Europe. Cheetah quit the band after this tour and was replaced by Dom Pompeo, with whom they recorded their fourth LP Exile from Floontown. Released in 1991 (on CD, unlike previous recordings), the album went a long way towards restoring the band's original distorted electric guitar sound, while remaining melodic and college-radio friendly. In 1992, they released the Walt's Wish EP on Cargo.
1993–1996: Fitzjoy
Dom Pompeo quit in 1993 and was replaced by Yuri Mohacsi. That line-up released the EP Love Goes Plaid on RPN Records in Europe and Boss Tuneage in America. In 1996, they recorded and released what would be their last studio album, Fitzjoy, on Hypnotic Records. They were supposed to tour in support of the album but instead disbanded.
Friesen moved to Austin and started the band La Motta with Inland Empire bassist Alfred Mueller and drummer Wal Rashidi. In 2000, Boss Tuneage released "Greater than Later", a compilation of many old Asexuals tracks spanning years 1984 to 1996 as well as some unreleased tracks.
Reunion: 2010–Present
The original line-up of the band reunited to play a reunion show at Montreal's Just for Laughs Cabaret on October 1, 2010, along with fellow Montreal punk bands the 222's, and Hollerado. They played the following March, during Canadian Music Week, at Toronto's Bovine Sex Club, and played the 2012 Osheaga Festival. In 2016, they played the Punk Rock Bowling & Music Festival in Las Vegas.
In 2017, the band went into the studio with CBC Montreal and recorded an album called Brave New Waves Session, which was released on Artoffact Records
In December 2019, the Asexuals played Montreal's Corona Theatre as part of the 40th Anniversary of London Calling, the iconic album by The Clash.
Members
John "Filthy" Kastner- Vocals (1983–1987, 2010–Present)
Sean "Head" Friesen – Guitar (1983–1997, 2010–Present)
T.J. Collins (AKA T.J. Plenty) – Bass (1983–1987, 2010–Present), Vocals, Guitar (1987–1997)
Paul "Wally" Remington – Drums (1983–1997, 2010–Present)
Blake Cheetah (James Algie) – Bass (1987–1989)
Dom Pompeo – Bass (1989–1993) (d. 2012)
Yuri Mohacsi – Bass (1993–1997)
Discography
Albums
Be What You Want (1984), First Strike Records, 1984 (re-released 1985, Psyche Industry Records
Contemporary World (1985), Psyche Industry Records
Dish (1988), Cargo Records
Exile from Floontown (1991), Cargo Records
Fitzjoy (1996), Hypnotic Records
Live albums
Brave New Waves Session (2017), CBC Montreal, Artoffact Records
EPs
Featuring: The Asexuals (1984), Og Music
B.F.D. (1984), Og Music
Change Of Heart / Asexuals, split 7-inch with the band Change of Heart). (1990), Cargo Records
Walt's Wish (1992), Cargo Records
Love Goes Plaid (1993), RPN Records (UK & Europe), Boss Tuneage Records
Compilations
Contemporary World / Be What You Want (1991), Psyche Industry Records
Greater than Later (2000), Boss Tuneage Records
Inclusions:
"Contra-rebels" included on Primitive Air-Raid (1984), Psyche Industry Records
"Left Behind" included on On Garde (1989), EnGuard Records
References
External links
Official Asexuals Myspace page
Beaconsfield, Quebec
Canadian hardcore punk groups
English-language musical groups from Quebec
Musical groups from Montreal
Musical groups established in 1983
Musical groups disestablished in 1997
Musical groups reestablished in 2010
1983 establishments in Quebec
1997 disestablishments in Canada |
43425487 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joki | Joki | Joki may refer to:
The River (2001 film) (Joki), a 2001 Finnish film directed by Jarmo Lampela
Aulis J. Joki (1913–1989), Finnish linguist and one of the students of Gustaf John Ramstedt
Kaisen Joki (1500–1582), Japanese Buddhist priest |
29166678 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyer%20Peak | Eyer Peak | Eyer Peak (, ) is the peak rising to in Probuda Ridge, north-central Sentinel Range in Ellsworth Mountains, Antarctica. It is separated from the north-northeastern part of Probuda Ridge by the high Zvegor Saddle, and surmounts Embree Glacier to the northwest and north, and Ellen Glacier to the southeast. First ascent by the Australian-Chilean team of Damien Gildea on 31 December 2006.
The peak is named after the Swiss Bulgarian pedagogue Louis-Emil Eyer (1865-1916), founder of the sports movement in Bulgaria.
Location
Eyer Peak is located at , which is northeast of Mount Anderson, east by south of Mount Bentley and km south-southwest of Mount Press. US mapping in 1961, updated in 1988.
See also
Mountains in Antarctica
Maps
Vinson Massif. Scale 1:250 000 topographic map. Reston, Virginia: US Geological Survey, 1988.
Antarctic Digital Database (ADD). Scale 1:250000 topographic map of Antarctica. Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research (SCAR). Since 1993, regularly updated.
References
Bulgarian Antarctic Gazetteer. Antarctic Place-names Commission. (details in Bulgarian, basic data in English)
Eyer Peak. SCAR Composite Gazetteer of Antarctica.
External links
Eyer Peak. Adjusted Copernix satellite image
Bulgaria and the Antarctic
Ellsworth Mountains
Mountains of Ellsworth Land |
22503071 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onibaba | Onibaba | Onibaba may refer to:
Onibaba (folklore), creatures in Japanese folklore
Onibaba (film), a 1964 Japanese horror film named after the creatures |
65673513 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Haughton | Joseph Haughton | Joseph Haughton (1833 – 27 May 1908) was a New Zealand cricketer. He played in one first-class match for Wellington in 1876/77.
See also
List of Wellington representative cricketers
References
External links
1833 births
1908 deaths
New Zealand cricketers
Wellington cricketers
Cricketers from Plymouth, Devon |
3419738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Sam | Big Sam | "Big Sam" is a nickname for:
Big Sam (musician), New Orleans trombone player of "Big Sam's Funky Nation"
Sam Allardyce (born 1954), English football player and manager
Big Sam (American football) (), college football player
Sam Thompson (1860–1922), baseball player
Sam McDonald (1762–1802), an unusually tall Scottish soldier
Sam Houston High School (Arlington, Texas), United States
Nicknames |
19016341 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zagrody%2C%20Pu%C5%82awy%20County | Zagrody, Puławy County | Zagrody is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Żyrzyn, within Puławy County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Żyrzyn, north-east of Puławy, and north-west of the regional capital Lublin.
References
Villages in Puławy County |
2785225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelley%20%28TV%20series%29 | Shelley (TV series) | Shelley is a British sitcom made by Thames Television and originally broadcast on ITV from 12 July 1979 to 12 January 1984 and from 11 October 1988 to 1 September 1992. It stars Hywel Bennett as Dr James Shelley, 28 years old at the outset although 35 by the sixth series only four years later, and a sardonic, perpetually unemployed anti-establishment 'freelance layabout' with a doctoral degree. In the original run, Belinda Sinclair played Shelley's girlfriend Fran, and Josephine Tewson appeared regularly as his landlady, Edna Hawkins. The series was created by Peter Tilbury who also wrote the first three series. The scripts for subsequent episodes were by Andy Hamilton and Guy Jenkin, Colin Bostock-Smith, David Frith, Bernard McKenna and Barry Pilton. All 71 episodes were produced and directed by Anthony Parker.
Series seven was titled on screen The Return of Shelley, and was broadcast in 1988. This time around, Shelley is (still) separated from Fran, and lives on his own, doing his best to avoid obtaining gainful employment. The series begins with Shelley returning to the UK from Kuwait after teaching English for several years, only to find that his calls to his old friends are now screened by answering machines and that yuppieness has taken root in his old neighbourhood. The final three series returned to the on-screen title of Shelley.
In the final series, Shelley is a lodger with Ted Bishop (David Ryall). Ted's house is the only one left in his street, the other residences having been demolished to make way for a leisure centre. Shelley moves in as lodger to help Ted with his fight against the developers who want to demolish the house Ted has lived in his whole life.
Characters
James Shelley known as Shelley or Perce (Hywel Bennett) - the protagonist, a usually unemployed terminal layabout qualified with a Ph.D. in geography who occasionally holds professional occupations, at one time being an advertising executive only to leave over a point of principle, another time working for the Foreign Office only to be made redundant before his starting date. Shelley is obdurate, argumentative and awkward with a wry sardonic wit. Shelley espouses left wing socially liberal views but is often shown to have reactionary tendencies and be somewhat of a hypocrite. Shelley is usually honest about his unemployment and poor work ethic although occasionally likes to obscure it by claiming he is 'paid by the government' or is 'in leisure'.
Frances Shelley (née Smith) known as Fran (Belinda Sinclair) - Shelley's long suffering girlfriend and later wife. She is also unemployed although is an aspiring writer. Like Shelley she is portrayed as being educated and is often the only person who can counter some of Shelley's more fanciful and obtuse arguments. In the first series she becomes pregnant with Shelley's child, in the second series she has a book published and marries Shelley, in the third series she gives birth to a daughter, Emma. At the start of the fifth series it is revealed she has left Shelley and she only appears in one episode. She ceases to be a central character after this.
Edna Hawkins known as Mrs H. (Josephine Tewson) - a somewhat waspish and prim landlady who lets a West Hampstead bedsit to Shelley and Fran in series one and two. She often refers to 'her Willy', an unseen husband who it is implied is coerced by her into working both days and nights. She is suspicious of Shelley and disapproves of his languid lifestyle. She shows little restraint in verbally attacking Shelley although is often browbeaten by his eloquence; her attitude to Shelley softens over time. She has a son, Colin.
Paul England (Warren Clarke) - Shelley's closest friend and best man (after being let down by the alcoholic Ned). Paul is shown to be a loyal friend although unlike Shelley he is industrious and has a successful career. However, some of his lifestyle choices (for instance it is implied he sees prostitutes) show him to be less than upstanding. Although coarser than Shelley, he doesn't attract the disdain from establishment figures that Shelley does, owing to his charm and self-restraint. In series five he lets his flat to Shelley.
Mrs Radcliffe (Madoline Thomas) - an elderly widow who rents a bedsit from 'Mrs H.', downstairs from Shelley and Fran. She is portrayed to be somewhat senile and living in a state of near delusion. She seems to enjoy a cordial relationship with Shelley although has conspiracy theories about the other residents, believing Fran to be a 'doxy' and Mrs H. to be a murderess who killed her first husband. She appears only in series two and three.
Desmond (Garfield Morgan) - a pompous warden in the flats to which Shelley moves in series five. He is envious of the educated Shelley, believing him to be typical of a privileged generation which has grown up in a society where education is attainable by the masses. He has an unrealistic appraisal of his own intelligence, seeing himself as an amateur poet and believing that he could have been recognised had he enjoyed the educational privileges of Shelley.
Isobel Shelley (Sylvia Kay) - Shelley's mother, who is only sixteen years older than her son. Like him, Isobel is outspoken and argumentative. She holds views bordering on communism and lives a fairly non-conformist lifestyle. She smokes cannabis and grows her own throughout her flat, a situation that concerns Shelley - not for moral reasons but because he doesn't want his mother to be sent to prison. She has a sharp tongue and berates Shelley as an 'evil little capitalist' although she is shown to have a kinder side, re-mortgaging her flat so that Shelley and Fran can buy their house.
Minor characters
Cyril (John Barron) - Shelley's pompous and ineffectual boss while he works as an advertising executive for Harper Mackintosh. Cyril is old fashioned, self-important and rather detached from the realities of the company he runs and from contemporary life. The character in many ways mirrors the character of 'CJ' played by Barron some years earlier in The Fall and Rise of Reginald Perrin
Ned (David Pugh) - Raymond Kelly a.k.a. Ned is Shelley's first choice for best man, much to Fran's disapproval as she strongly dislikes him. Ned is an irresponsible alcoholic who is often involved in pub brawling and it is implied is slowly drinking himself to death (something Ned is both aware of and completely indifferent to). Although he only appears in one episode, he is mentioned several times thereafter or appears off-screen such as on the telephone.
List of episodes
Series 1 (1979-80)
Series 2 (1980)
Preceded by three episodes delayed from Series 1.
Christmas Special (1980)
Series 3 (1980-1)
Series 4 (1982)
Series 5 (1982)
Series 6 (1983-4)
Series 7 (1988)
For this series only, it was retitled as ‘The Return of Shelley’.
Series 8 (1989-90)
Series 9 (1990)
New Year Special (1991)
Series 10 (1992)
Book
The first series was rewritten as a novel, Shelley, by Colin Bostock-Smith and Peter Tilbury. New English Library, paperback, 1 April 1980. .
DVD releases
The first six series were previously released through Network on Region 2 DVD-Video between 2007 and 2012. The series 2 DVD only contains six episodes from the second series as broadcast: three episodes held over from series one (due to transmission of that series being postponed by the ITV technicians' strike of 1979) appear on the DVD release of that series.
A six-disc set consisting the first six series, along with another set featuring series 7-10 were finally released on 20 November 2017.
References
External links
(1979-1983)
(1988-1992)
1979 British television series debuts
1992 British television series endings
1970s British sitcoms
1980s British sitcoms
1990s British sitcoms
English-language television shows
ITV sitcoms
Television series by Fremantle (company)
Television shows produced by Thames Television
Television shows shot at Teddington Studios |
63850809 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inessa%20Tytova | Inessa Tytova | Inesa Valeriyivna Titova (; born 18 March 1976) is a Ukrainian former footballer who played as a defender. She has been a member of the Ukraine women's national team.
References
1976 births
Living people
Women's association football defenders
Ukrainian women's footballers
Footballers from Cherkasy
Ukraine women's international footballers
Ukrainian expatriate women's footballers
Ukrainian expatriate sportspeople in Moldova
Expatriate women's footballers in Moldova
WFC Zhytlobud-1 Kharkiv players |
65058347 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Thompson%20Memorial%20Hall | Charles Thompson Memorial Hall | Charles Thompson Memorial Hall is a historic clubhouse of Deaf culture in Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States. Built in 1916, it was the first social club in the nation designed exclusively for the deaf.
Charles Thompson Memorial Hall was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011 for its state-level significance in the themes of architecture and social history. It was nominated for being a hub of social and advocacy activity credited with helping foster Minnesota as a preferred location among deaf people.
Origin
Charles Thompson Memorial Hall's origins can be traced back to the Fourth Convention of the Minnesota Association of the Deaf at the Minnesota Institute for Deaf (Deaf and Deafblind), now the Minnesota State Academy for the Deaf, in Faribault, Minnesota in 1896. It was there that Charles Thompson, the son of a wealthy Saint Paul banker, met and fell in love with Margaret Brooks, the daughter of Scottish immigrants to rural Minnesota. Soon after, they married and set up permanent residence in Saint Paul, with a lake home in Alexandria, Minnesota.
Sharing a passion for fostering more social interaction for deaf people, the Thompsons transformed their numerous properties in and around the Twin Cities into bustling hubs for deaf and hard-of-hearing Minnesotans to meet, camp, or eat together. Their home in Alexandria on Lake Darling attracted so many deaf campers that they had permanent cabins built on the property.
Charles Thompson died in 1915. Margaret Thompson decided to honor his legacy by using her inherited wealth to hire Olof Hanson, a well-known architect who was himself deaf, to specially design a clubhouse for Minnesota's deaf community. In the early twentieth century, few meeting and event spaces in Minnesota were designed to be accessible to the state's deaf, deafblind, and hard-of-hearing community. At the dedication ceremony in 1916, Margaret laid the cornerstone before a crowd of 500 people. She also announced that she would be placing the building and a $45,000 trust fund () in the hands of a board of trustees. By doing so she ensured that the club would always remain free to use for all of the deaf people of Minnesota, regardless of religious or political affiliation.
Description
Along with a large assembly hall, the building featured a bowling alley, a social hall, a maplewood dance floor, and a children's play area. It was outfitted with large windows and ceilings to maximize lighting so that American Sign Language (ASL) signs could be seen clearly and easily. On some nights, new films with closed captioning would be projected onto a curtain on a stage.
History
The Minnesota Association of the Deaf has frequently taken advantage of the space since 1917 to hold their biennial conventions. In 1957, the Memorial Hall began circulating its official newsletter, The Thompson Hall Newsletter, which became the Minnesota Deaf Newsletter in 2002. Along with event listings and other news about the social space, the newsletter offered updates on the Minnesota State Academy for the Deaf in Faribault, the local deaf sports teams, the Minnesota Association of the Deaf, and other news or updates of importance for the deaf, deafblind, and hard-of-hearing community.
The clubhouse has reached several historical milestones in the 21st century. The Charles Thompson Memorial Hall was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2011, and members celebrated the 100th anniversary of their prized social club in 2016. Members have struggled at times to maintain their space, to keep it accessible to all, and to attract younger members. Despite these difficulties, the Charles Thompson Memorial Hall still stands as a testament to over a century of the collective labors of deaf, deafblind, and hard-of-hearing Minnesotans.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Ramsey County, Minnesota
References
External links
Charles Thompson Memorial Hall
1916 establishments in Minnesota
Buildings and structures in Saint Paul, Minnesota
Clubhouses on the National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota
Cultural infrastructure completed in 1916
Culture of Saint Paul, Minnesota
Deaf culture in the United States
Disability organizations based in the United States
National Register of Historic Places in Saint Paul, Minnesota
Neoclassical architecture in Minnesota
Organizations based in Saint Paul, Minnesota |
1662 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afonso%20VI%20of%20Portugal | Afonso VI of Portugal | Afonso VI (; 21 August 164312 September 1683), known as "the Victorious" (), was the second king of Portugal of the House of Braganza from 1656 until his death. He was initially under the regency of his mother, Luisa de Guzmán, until 1662, when he removed her to a convent and took power with the help of his favourite, the Luís de Vasconcelos e Sousa, 3rd Count of Castelo Melhor.
Afonso's reign saw the end of the Restoration War (1640–68) and Spain's recognition of Portugal's independence. He also negotiated a French alliance through his marriage. In 1668, his brother Pedro II conspired to have him declared incapable of ruling, and took supreme de facto power as regent, although nominally Afonso was still sovereign. Queen Maria Francisca, Afonso's wife, received an annulment and subsequently married Pedro. Afonso spent the rest of his life and reign practically a prisoner.
Early life
Afonso was the second of three sons born to King John IV and Queen Luisa. At the age of three, he experienced an illness that resulted in paralysis on the right side of his body. The condition was believed to have also affected his intellectual abilities. His father created him 10th Duke of Braganza.
After the death of his eldest brother Teodósio, Prince of Brazil in 1653, Afonso became the heir apparent to the throne of the kingdom. He also received the crown-princely title 2nd Prince of Brazil.
Reign
He succeeded his father, John IV, in 1656 at the age of thirteen. His mother, Luisa de Guzmán, was named regent in his father's will.
Luisa's regency continued even after Afonso came of age because he was considered mentally unfit for governing. In addition to lacking intellect, the king exhibited wild and disruptive behavior. In 1662, after Afonso terrorized Lisbon at night alongside his favorites, Luisa and her council responded by banishing some of the king's companions that were associated with the raids. Angered, Afonso took power with the help of Castelo-Melhor and Luisa's regency came to an end. She subsequently retired to a convent, where she died in 1666.
Afonso appointed Castelo-Melhor as his private secretary (escrivão da puridade). He proved to be a competent minister. His astute military organization and sensible general appointments resulted in decisive military victories over the Spanish at Elvas (14 January 1659), Ameixial (8 June 1663) and Montes Claros (17 June 1665), culminating in the final Spanish recognition of sovereignty of Portugal's new ruling dynasty, the House of Braganza, on 13 February 1668 in the Treaty of Lisbon.
Colonial affairs
Colonial affairs saw the Dutch conquest of Jaffna, Portugal's last colony in Portuguese Ceylon (1658), and the cession of Bombay and Tangier to England (23 June 1661) as dowry for Afonso's sister, Catherine of Braganza, who had married King Charles II of England.
Marriage
Melhor successfully arranged for Afonso to marry Maria Francisca of Savoy, a relative of the Duke of Savoy, in 1666, but the marriage was short-lived. Maria Francisca filed for an annulment in 1667 based on the impotence of the king. The church granted her the annulment, and she married Afonso's brother, Peter II, Duke of Beja.
Downfall
Also in 1667, Peter managed to gain enough support to force Afonso to relinquish control of the government to him, and he became prince regent in 1668. While Pedro never formally usurped the throne, Afonso was king in name only for the rest of his life. For seven years after Peter's coup, Afonso was kept on the island of Terceira in the Azores. His health broken by this captivity, he was eventually permitted to return to the Portuguese mainland, but he remained powerless and kept under guard. At Sintra he died in 1683.
The room where he was imprisoned is preserved at Sintra National Palace.
Ancestry
References
Sources
Portuguese infantes
Dukes of Braganza
Modern child monarchs
1643 births
1683 deaths
Portuguese people with disabilities
Princes of Brazil
House of Braganza
17th-century Portuguese monarchs
Nobility from Lisbon
Royalty and nobility with disabilities
Burials at the Monastery of São Vicente de Fora
Royal reburials |
543276 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaches%20%281988%20film%29 | Beaches (1988 film) | Beaches (also known as Forever Friends) is a 1988 American comedy-drama film adapted by Mary Agnes Donoghue and based on Iris Rainer Dart's 1985 novel of the same name. It was directed by Garry Marshall, and stars Bette Midler, Barbara Hershey, Mayim Bialik, John Heard, James Read, Spalding Gray, and Lainie Kazan.
Despite generally negative reviews from critics, the film was a commercial success, grossing $59 million at the box office.
Plot
Middle-aged Cecilia Carol "C.C." Bloom, a New York actress and singer, receives a note during a rehearsal for her upcoming Los Angeles concert. She leaves in a panic to travel to the side of her friend Hillary Whitney, a San Francisco heiress and lawyer. Unable to get a flight to San Francisco because of fog, she rents a car and drives overnight, reflecting on her lifelong friendship with Hillary.
Hillary and C.C. met in 1958, under the boardwalk on the beach in Atlantic City, New Jersey. Hillary is lost and C.C. is hiding from her overbearing stage mother. They become fast friends, growing up and bonding through letters of support to each other. Hillary becomes a human rights lawyer, while C.C.'s singing career does not exactly take off. Hillary shows up at the New York City dive bar where C.C. is performing, their first meeting since Atlantic City. She moves in with C.C. and gets a job with the ACLU. C.C. is now performing singing telegrams, leading to a job offer from John, the artistic director of the Falcon Players, after she sings his birthday telegram.
A love triangle ensues as Hillary and John are instantly attracted to one another, leaving C.C. resenting her best friend. Hillary and John sleep together on the opening night of C.C.'s first lead role in an off-Broadway production. When Hillary returns home to care for her ailing father, the two friends resolve their issues about John, as John does not have romantic feelings for C.C. After her father passes away, Hillary spends time at her family beach house with lawyer Michael Essex, eventually marrying him. C.C. and John spend a lot of time together, start dating and eventually marry. Hillary and Michael travel to New York to see C.C. perform on Broadway, where she has become a star. When C.C. finds out that Hillary has stopped working as a lawyer, she accuses her of giving up on her dreams. Hillary responds that C.C. has become obsessed with her career. After the argument, Hillary ignores C.C.'s letters, throwing herself into being a dutiful, but unchallenged, wife.
John tells C.C. that her self-centeredness and obsession with her career have him feeling left behind, and he asks for a divorce. C.C. turns to her mother for advice. Her mother tells her that she has given up a lot for her daughter, and C.C. starts to understand when her mother tells her the effect that her selfishness has had on those closest to her.
Hillary discovers her husband is having an affair. When Hillary learns that C.C. is performing in San Francisco, she makes contact for the first time in years. They learn of each other's divorces, then discover that they have been secretly jealous of each other for years: Hillary is upset that she has none of C.C.'s talent or charisma, while C.C. admits she has always been envious of Hillary's beauty and intelligence.
Hillary tells C.C. that she is pregnant, and has already decided to raise the child as a single parent. This wins her admiration from the feisty and independent C.C., who promises to stay and help her out. C.C. starts talking of settling down, and having a family of her own, having become engaged to Hillary's obstetrician. However, when C.C.'s agent calls with the perfect comeback gig for her, C.C. abandons her fiancé, and races back to New York City. Hillary gives birth to a daughter, whom she names Victoria Cecilia. When Victoria is a young girl, Hillary develops viral cardiomyopathy, requiring a heart transplant. Having a rare tissue type, she realizes she will most likely die before a heart is found.
C.C. has become a big star, having won a Tony award, and completed her latest hit album. When she learns of Hillary's illness, she accompanies Hillary and Victoria to the beach house for the summer. Hillary becomes depressed due to her debilitated state, and takes her frustration out on C.C. whom she sees having fun with and connecting with Victoria. Hillary eventually begins to accept her prognosis bravely, appreciating her time with Victoria and C.C. Hillary and Victoria return to San Francisco, while C.C. heads to Los Angeles for a concert. Hillary collapses and is found by her daughter, leading to the note C.C. receives that prompts her to leave her rehearsal. C.C. takes Hillary and Victoria to the beach house, where Hillary dies.
After the funeral, C.C. takes custody of Victoria, and the two console each other in their grief. C.C. goes forward with her concert and concludes it by singing "The Glory of Love", the first song Hillary heard her sing 30 years ago; as the song ends, C.C. tearfully waves toward the sky in tribute to Hillary. After the show, she leaves hand-in-hand with Victoria and begins telling stories of when she first met her mother.
Cast
Bette Midler as Cecilia Carol "C.C." Bloom
Mayim Bialik as 11-year-old Cecilia Carol "C.C." Bloom
Barbara Hershey as Hillary Whitney
Marcie Leeds as 11-year-old Hillary Whitney
John Heard as John Pierce
Spalding Gray as Dr. Richard Milstein
James Read as Michael Essex
Lainie Kazan as Leona Bloom
Grace Johnston as Victoria Essex
Lynda Goodfriend as Mrs. Myandowski
Tracy Reiner as Department Store Clerk
Jenifer Lewis as Diva
Joe Grifasi as Otto Titsling
Phil Leeds as Sammy Pinkers
Frank Campanella as Doorman
Kathleen Marshall as Delivery Room Nurse #1
Barbara Marshall as I.C. U. Nurse #2
Scott Marshall as Car Rental Agent
Héctor Elizondo as Judge
Garry Marshall as Audition Director
Marc Shaiman as Pianist
Production
The beach house scenes were filmed at cottage #13 in what is now the Crystal Cove Historic District in Crystal Cove State Park in California.
Music
The film's theme song, "Wind Beneath My Wings", hit number one on the Billboard Hot 100 charts and won Grammy Awards for Record of the Year and Song of the Year in 1990.
Release
Box office
The film took in $5,160,258 during its opening weekend beginning January 21, 1989. It grossed $57,041,866 domestically.
Home media
The film was released on VHS, Betamax and laserdisc by Touchstone Home Video on August 23, 1989, with a DVD release on August 13, 2002, followed by a special-edition DVD on April 26, 2005. The film was later released in High Definition Blu-ray format on November 6, 2012.
Reception
Critical reception
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film holds an approval rating of 43% based on 44 critic reviews, and an average rating of 5.1/10. The consensus summarizes: "Not all great soundtracks make good movies, and Beaches lacks the wind beneath its wings." Critics almost unanimously found the film's emotional moments to be unearned, calculated, and familiar to the point of being predictable. Roger Ebert assessed that "'Beaches' lacks the spontaneity of life. This is a movie completely constructed out of other movies - out of cliches and archetypes that were old before most of the cast members were born." He found the problem was compounded by the film foreshadowing Hillary's death right from the beginning, and gave it two and a half stars. Gene Siskel called it "a much too mechanical tearjerker" and criticized the slow pace, but acknowledged that he heard some sniffling among the audience and gave it two and a half stars. Jay Boyar noted in the Orlando Sentinel, "In advance publicity for Beaches, it has been routinely referred to as a 'tear-jerker.' Though the term is sometimes used admiringly these days, doesn't it actually mean that a movie has emotional scenes in which the emotion is somehow trumped-up or unearned? This is the sort of picture in which people slap each other as they take their marriage vows, suddenly develop life-threatening diseases, and, again, have violent confrontations whenever there's a break in the action. Anything for a laugh, anything for a tear, and nothing much authentic." Similarly to Ebert, he called it "a 1940s retread", noting its use of antiquated themes like the idea that a woman must choose between being a mother and having a career.
Dave Kehr likewise stated in the Chicago Tribune that "Beaches struggles to update a 1940s formula", describing it as particularly derivative of the 1943 film Old Acquaintance. He also felt the friendship between C.C. and Hillary to be implausible and lacking in genuine warmth, and commented that "The cardinal rule of melodrama ... is that emotion must follow from situation. When that relationship is inverted, the result is sheer manipulation and blatantly false." He gave it two stars. Sheila Benson of the Los Angeles Times called it "the most shamelessly manipulative movie since they shot the dog in The Biscuit Eater." While opining that emotional manipulation isn't necessarily bad, she felt the film had failed to capture what made the novel it is adapted from such an effective tearjerker, by neglecting the essence of C.C. and Hillary's friendship and instead focusing on petty arguments between the two. However, she praised the performances of Midler and Hershey, and admitted that the film succeeded in making her cry.
Several critics remarked that the scenes of C.C. and Hillary's childhood were more emotionally convincing and enjoyable than the rest of the film, with particular praise for Mayim Bialik's performance. Midler's numerous singing performances were also frequently cited as a strong point in a mostly weak film.
The film remained poorly regarded over later decades. In reviews for the 2017 remake, The New York Times and CNN Entertainment recalled the 1988 film as, respectively, "a pastiche of 1950s tear-jerkers that was set, strangely and uncomfortably, in the 1970s and ’80s. ... a shamelessly retrograde and literal-minded soap opera with a veneer of fake feminism" and "a film that delivered a hit song and strong box-office results but is remembered mostly for its high schmaltz factor."
Accolades
Included on the soundtrack was Midler's performance of "Wind Beneath My Wings". The song won Grammys for Record of the Year and Song of the Year in 1990. The film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Art Direction (Albert Brenner and Garrett Lewis).
The song is recognized by American Film Institute in this list:
2004: AFI's 100 Years...100 Songs:
"Wind Beneath My Wings" – #44
Adaptations
Television remake
Lifetime announced a remake of the film, which aired on January 22, 2017. The updated version was directed by Allison Anders with the script by Bart Barker and Nikole Beckwith, and Idina Menzel plays the role of C.C. Nia Long plays the role of Hillary alongside Menzel. The film includes the songs "Wind Beneath My Wings" and "The Glory of Love".
Stage adaptation
A musical stage adaptation has been written, based on the book by Iris Rainer Dart, with lyrics and book by Dart and Thom Thomas (book) and music by David Austin. The musical premiered at the Signature Theatre, Arlington, Virginia in February 2014. The musical was directed by Eric D. Schaeffer, with Alysha Umphress as Cee Cee Bloom and Mara Davi as Bertie White.
The musical next opened at the Drury Lane Theatre, Oakbrook, Illinois, in June 2015 (previews). Again directed by Schaeffer, Shoshana Bean plays Cee Cee and Whitney Bashor plays Bertie. The choreographer is Lorin Latarro, with scenic design by Derek McLane, lighting design by Howell Binkley, costume design by Alejo Vietti and sound design by Kai Harada.
Cancelled sequel
A sequel, based on the 1991 novel Beaches II: I'll Be There was planned with Barbara Eden but never filmed.
References
External links
1988 films
1980s buddy comedy-drama films
1980s female buddy films
1980s musical comedy-drama films
American buddy comedy-drama films
American female buddy films
American musical comedy-drama films
1980s English-language films
Films based on American novels
Films directed by Garry Marshall
Films scored by Georges Delerue
Films set in 1958
Films set in 1988
Films set in Atlantic City, New Jersey
Films set in Miami
Films set in New York City
Films set in San Francisco
Films set in the San Francisco Bay Area
Films set on beaches
Touchstone Pictures films
Tragicomedy films
1988 comedy films
1988 drama films
1980s American films |
66326715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peters%20Lake%20%28Frontenac%20County%29 | Peters Lake (Frontenac County) | Peters Lake () is a lake in the municipality of South Frontenac, Frontenac County in eastern Ontario, Canada. It is in the Lake Ontario drainage basin.
Peters Lake has an area of and lies at an elevation of . The settlement of Murvale lies just south of the lake on Frontenac County Road 38. The primary inflow, at the north, and outflow, at the south, is Millhaven Creek, which flows to Lake Ontario.
References
Lakes of Frontenac County |
2587958 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borsalino | Borsalino | Borsalino Giuseppe e Fratello S.p.A. is the oldest Italian company specializing in the manufacture of luxury hats. Since 1857, the manufacturer has been based in Alessandria, Piedmont. The founder, Giuseppe Borsalino, is remembered for creating a particular model of felt hat characterized by the registered trademark Borsalino.
History
On 4 April 1857, Giuseppe Borsalino started a workshop in Alessandria that specialized in the production of felt hats. The workshop eventually grew to industrial production, and in 1888 the company moved to a new factory designed by Arnaldo Gardella, located on Corso Cento Cannoni, Alessandria. In these years Borsalino produced 2,500 hats a day, but when the company won the Grand Prix, an important quality certificate, at the Paris Exposition Universelle in 1900, it spread the brand's fame globally. The succession of Giuseppe Borsalino was complicated: the designated heir, Teresio Borsalino, was opposed to his cousin Giovanni Borsalino, son of Lazzaro, who inaugurated a new hat factory using the family name. Between Borsalino Antica Casa and Borsalino Fu Lazzaro were years of hard commercial battles, but in the end, the Teresio came out and the name Borsalino became one again.
On the eve of the First World War, Borsalino produced about 2,000,000 hats annually. The manufacturer employed over 2,500 employees, representing a significant resource in the economy of the Piedmontese city. Abroad, the brand spread everywhere, conquering the most important markets: the British, but especially the U.S., where the hats produced in Alessandria were adopted by the Hollywood star system.
A downsizing of the company occurred in 1950 in conjunction with the beginning of the fall into disuse of formal hats: Borsalino was thus transformed from a mass product into a cult object. In 1987 the hat factory moved from the historic center in Alessandria to the current one of Spinetta Marengo, in the suburbs of the city, and the president, Vittorio Vaccarino, the last descendant of the Borsalino family, sold the company to a group of Milanese entrepreneurs.
In the 1990s, the company changed ownership several times, ultimately being bought by the entrepreneur Marco Marenco, involved in a €3.5 billion financial crack.
On 18 December 2017, the Court of Alessandria declared the bankruptcy of Borsalino Giuseppe and Fratello Spa.
Haeres Equita, a private equity fund which managed the brand's activities since 2016, confirmed the will to continue the production, distribution and promoting activities of the forthcoming collections, keeping all employment and maintaining the production site in Alessandria. In 2017, on the occasion of the 160th anniversary of the company, the Italian Ministry of Economic Development recognized Borsalino as one of the 'Excellencies of the production system', dedicating it a stamp worth €0.95. On 12 July 2018, the company was sold in a court auction for €6.4 million (US$7.4 million) to Haeres Equita.
Production
Borsalino manufacturing has remained faithful to a production process that represents the cultural values of the company, handed down from generation to generation.
The hats continue to be produced in Alessandria close to the area of the company's original foundation. The felt models, created from fur fibers, require more than 50 manual steps and seven weeks of work to create; the straw models, which are hand twisted, can take up to 6 months for a single hat.
Borsalino and Alessandria
The Borsalino business dynasty has made an important contribution to the city of Alessandria, building the aqueduct, the sewerage network, the hospital, the sanatorium and the retirement home. The historic headquarters of the company, currently located in Corso 100 Cannoni, now hosts the University of Eastern Piedmont Amedeo Avogadro and the Borsalino Hat Museum.
In 2016, independent film director Enrica Viola dedicated a documentary to the relationship between Borsalino and Alessandria: Borsalino City was presented at film festivals in Turin, Barcelona, and Melbourne.
The Borsalino Hat Museum
In the spring of 2006, the Borsalino Hat Museum opened in the company's historical headquarters in Corso 100 Cannoni, Alessandria. A joint initiative by Alessandria town council and the Borsalino company, the museum covers an exhibition area of roughly and houses about two thousand hats, displayed in the historic Chippendale style cabinets made in the 1920s by Arnaldo Gardella for the factory sample room. In 2018, the museum planned to move to a larger venue with a completely renovated exhibition.
In Orthodox Jewish communities
Among Orthodox Jewish men and boys, covering the head is an identifier of religiousity. Many men in strictly Orthodox Jewish communities wear a black, wide-brimmed hat, with Borsalino being one of the most popular makers.
In popular culture
Borsalino and art
The relationship between Borsalino and the art world has ancient origins. Since the birth of advertising in Italy, at the turn of the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, Borsalino has entrusted the realization of its posters to the most important artists of the time. This privileged relationship with art has been confirmed over time and has led the company to collaborate with Cesare Simonetti, Giorgio Muggiani, Giovanni Dradi, Franz Laskoff, Marcello Dudovich, winner in 1910 of a competition organized by Borsalino to publicize the Zenit hat, Giuseppe Minonzio, Gino Boccasile, Luigi Bompard, Jeanne Grignani, Luigi Veronesi, Max Huber and Armando Testa. Today, the antique Borsalino advertising posters are collector items.
Borsalino and theatre
In Arthur Miller's play The Price, character Solomon mentions regretting that his hat is not a Borsalino, in spite of looking so.
Borsalino and cinema
Borsalino has a long-running and special bond with the film industry. Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman in the final scene of Casablanca tends to stand out as the most popular in which a Borsalino hat makes an appearance. The relationship with the cinema was destined to last: in addition to Bogart and Bergman in Casablanca, Marcello Mastroianni in 8 ½ and Jean Paul Belmondo in Breathless both wore a Borsalino.
The Alessandria factory granted the use of its name to two cult films of the 1970s: Borsalino and Borsalino & Co.. The idea was Alain Delon's, and Borsalino accepted on the condition that the company logo would appear on the posters. The Italian company was the first luxury brand to give its name to two films.
Robert De Niro in Once Upon a Time in America (1984) wore Borsalino hats.
In 2011, the Triennale Design Museum in Milan hosted an exhibition entitled "Il cinema con il cappello. Borsalino e altre storie".
The actor Toni Servillo wears a Borsalino in the film The Great Beauty, which won Best Foreign Language Film at the 86th Academy Awards.
In 2018, Borsalino celebrated its deep and lasting relationship with the world of cinema by introducing The Bogart by Borsalino, a special collection dedicated to Humphrey Bogart, the great Hollywood actor. The hats collection was created in collaboration with Humphrey Bogart Estate.
In the TV show “Shantaram”, a secondary but recurring character in season 1, episode 5, titled “The Sin in the Crime", uses a metaphor about the quality of a Borsalino hat to describe the main character’s (Lin Ford, played by Charlie Hunnam) relationship with the city of Bombay, India.
Borsalino and design
In 2009, Borsalino was included by the Triennale Design Museum in Milan among quintessential Italian icons in the 'Serie Fuori Serie' exhibition. The exhibition was replicated in March 2017 at the National Museum of China in Beijing.
The Chapeau Lamp (2014) designed by Philippe Starck for Flos and the sculpture The Hatband(2016) by Moritz Waldemeyer are both tributes to Borsalino.
Borsalino and fashion
Borsalino has been collaborating with important names in the fashion system since the beginning of the millennium. These have led to the creation of capsule collections with Nick Fouquet, Tom Ford, Gianni Versace, Krizia, Valentino, Moschino, Yohji Yamamoto, Marni, Gianfranco Ferré, Rochas, Italia Independent and DSquared.
See also
Fedora
Boss of the Plains
Homburg (hat)
Pork pie hat
Stetson
Trench coat
Trilby
Tyrolean hat
List of headgear
Cap
References
External links
Hat companies
Clothing brands of Italy
Clothing companies established in 1857
Italian companies established in 1857
High fashion brands
Luxury brands
Haute couture
Alessandria
fr:Borsalino (chapeau) |
62923186 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jiga%20Susaran%20Horo | Jiga Susaran Horo | Jiga Susaran Horo is an Indian politician and an MLA elected from Sisai block of Jharkhand state as a member of Jharkhand Mukti Morcha 2019.
Relations:
Son - Vivek Aabhas Horo aka Clutchgod ( BGMI eSports player )
References
Living people
21st-century Indian politicians
Lok Sabha members from Jharkhand
People from Jharkhand
Date of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people) |
20014520 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagdaha%2C%20Nepal | Bagdaha, Nepal | Bagdaha is a village development committee in Sarlahi District in Province No. 2 of south-eastern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 4124 people living in 775 individual households.
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Sarlahi District
Populated places in Sarlahi District |
59991312 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamidpur%2C%20Delhi | Hamidpur, Delhi | Hamidpur is a village located in Narela tehsil of North West Delhi district in Delhi, India. It is situated away from sub-district headquarter Alipur and away from district headquarter Kanjhawala. According to Census 2011 information, the location code or village code of Hamidpur village is 063870.
Demographics
According to Census 2011, the total geographical area of the village is . Hamidpur has a total population of 3,469 people. There are about 644 houses in Hamidpur village. Narela is the nearest town to Hamidpur, and is approximately away.
References
Villages in North West Delhi district |
1594820 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Fort%20Necessity | Battle of Fort Necessity | The Battle of Fort Necessity, also known as the Battle of the Great Meadows, took place on July 3, 1754, in present-day Farmington in Fayette County, Pennsylvania. The engagement, along with a May 28 skirmish known as the Battle of Jumonville Glen, was the first military combat experience for George Washington, who was later selected as commander of the Continental Army during the American Revolutionary War by the Second Continental Congress in Philadelphia.
The Battle of Fort Necessity began the French and Indian War, which later spiraled into the global conflict known as the Seven Years' War. Washington built Fort Necessity on an alpine meadow west of the summit of a pass through the Laurel Highlands of the Allegheny Mountains. Another pass nearby leads to Confluence, Pennsylvania; to the west, Nemacolin's Trail begins its descent to Uniontown, Pennsylvania, and other parts of Fayette County along the relatively low altitudes of the Allegheny Plateau.
Background
The French Empire, despite having colonized North America in the 16th century, had between only 75,000 and 90,000 colonists living in New France in the mid-1700s. However, France was able to control the large colonies of New France (modern-day Canada), Acadia, and the French Louisiana with relatively few people by controlling waterways (especially the Saint Lawrence River, the Great Lakes, the Ohio River, and the Mississippi River) and cultivating strong political and economic relationships with powerful Native American nations. The Ohio Country, an area located roughly between Lake Erie and the Ohio River, became increasingly important to the French throughout the 18th century. As more settlers moved from Montreal, Quebec, and other established French settlements along the St. Lawrence to the newer Louisiana colony, the Ohio Country became an important connection between New France and Louisiana.
British settlers were also expanding into the Ohio Country at this time. The British colonies were far more populated than the French (there were about 1.5 million British subjects living in North America in 1754, meaning that the British outnumbered the French almost twenty to one), and settlers were eager to move over the Appalachian Mountains and into the Ohio Country and other western lands. Most British traders declared that, despite the facts that the French had been trading in the Ohio Country for years and that more and more displaced Native Americans were moving west from the Atlantic coast every year, the Ohio Country was unsettled, uncharted, and therefore unclaimed land that should be open to all traders. The French had no interest in trying to compete with the British for trade in the Ohio Country. Due to their high population and large colonial cities, British traders could offer Native Americans cheaper, higher quality goods than could their French counterparts. The French therefore set about keeping the British as far away from the Ohio Country as possible.
Authorities in New France became more aggressive in their efforts to expel British traders and colonists from this area, and in 1753 began construction of a series of fortifications in the area. In previous wars, the Québecois had more than held their own against the English colonials.
The French action drew the attention of not just the British, but also the Indian tribes of the area. Despite good Franco-Indian relations, British traders became successful in convincing the Indians to trade with them in preference to the French Canadians, and the planned large-scale advance was not well received by all. The reason was that they had to provide them with the goods that the Anglo-American traders had previously supplied and at similar prices, which proved to be singularly difficult. With the exception of one or two Montreal merchant traders, the Canadians showed a great reluctance to venture into the Ohio country. In particular, Tanacharison, a Mingo chief also known as the "Half King," became anti-French as a consequence. In a meeting with Paul Marin de la Malgue, commander of the Canadian construction force, the latter reportedly lost his temper, and shouted at the Indian chief, "I tell you, down the river I will go. If the river is blocked up, I have the forces to burst it open and tread under my feet all that oppose me. I despise all the stupid things you have said." He then threw down some wampum that Tanacharison had offered as a goodwill gesture. Marin died not long after, when command of the operations was turned over to Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre.
Virginians felt that their colonial charter, the oldest in the British colonies, gave them claim to the Ohio Country despite competing claims from Native Americans, the French, and other British colonies. In 1748, wealthy Virginians formed the Ohio Company with the aim of solidifying Virginia's claim and profiting off the speculation of western lands. Governor Robert Dinwiddie, the royal governor of Virginia and founding investor in the Ohio Company, sent the 21-year-old Virginia Lieutenant Colonel George Washington to travel from Williamsburg to Fort Le Boeuf in the Ohio Territory (a territory claimed by several of the British colonies, including Virginia) as an emissary in December 1753, to deliver a letter. Washington's older brothers Lawrence and Augustine had been instrumental in organizing the Ohio Company, and George had become familiar with the Ohio Company by surveying for his brothers as a young man. After a long trek and several near-death experiences, Washington and his party (which included the Mingo sachem, Tanacharison, and the explorer Christopher Gist) arrived at Fort Le Boeuf and met with the regional commander, Jacques Legardeur de Saint-Pierre. Saint-Pierre politely informed Washington that he was there pursuant to orders and that Washington's letter should have been addressed to his commanding officer in Canada.
Washington returned to Williamsburg and informed Dinwiddie that the French refused to leave. Dinwiddie ordered Washington to begin raising a militia regiment to hold the Forks of the Ohio in what is now Pittsburgh, a site Washington had identified as a fine location for a fortress. However, unlike the French, Washington and his Virginia regiment could not easily reach the Forks by river. The governor therefore also issued a captain's commission to an Ohio Company employee, William Trent, with instructions to raise a small force capable of moving quickly through the wilderness and virgin forest that lie between Williamsburg and the Forks. Once there, they were to immediately begin construction of a fortification on the Ohio. Dinwiddie issued these instructions on his own authority without even asking for funding from the Virginia House of Burgesses until after the fact. Trent's company arrived on site in February 1754 and began construction of a storehouse and stockade with the assistance of Tanacharison and the Mingos. In response, the French Canadians sent a force of about 500 men, Canadian, French, and Indians under Claude-Pierre Pécaudy de Contrecœur (rumors reaching Trent's men put its size at 1,000). On April 16, they arrived at the forks; the next day, Trent's force of 36 men, led by Ensign Edward Ward in Trent's absence, agreed to leave the site. The Canadians tore down the British works and began construction of the fort that they called Fort Duquesne.
Prelude
In March 1754, Governor Dinwiddie sent Washington back to the frontier with orders to "act on the [defensive], but in Case any Attempts are made to obstruct the Works or interrupt our [settlements] by any Persons whatsoever, You are to restrain all such Offenders, & in Case of resistance to make Prisoners of or kill & destroy them". Historian Fred Anderson describes Dinwiddie's instructions, which were issued without the knowledge or direction of the British government in London, as "an invitation to start a war". Washington was ordered to gather as many supplies and paid volunteers as he could along the way. By the time he left for the frontier on April 2, he had gathered 186 men.
Contrecœur operated under orders that forbade attacks by his force unless they were provoked. On May 23, he sent Joseph Coulon de Villiers de Jumonville with 35 men to see if Washington had entered French territory, and with a summons to order Washington's troops to leave; this summons was similar in nature to the one Washington had delivered to them four months previous. Sources disagree on the exact composition of Jumonville's force, which may have included French troupes de la marine, Canadian militia, and Indians.
During the march through the forests of the frontier, Washington received a few more men from another regiment that they met at Winchester. At this point Captain Trent arrived with news of the advance of the French force under Jumonville. Trent was accompanied by Tanacharison, who promised warriors to assist the British. To keep Tanacharison's support, Washington decided not to turn back, choosing instead to build a fortification south of the forks and await further instructions. The men of the Virginia Regiment built a road through the wilderness as they went, "broad enough to pass with all our Artillery and our Baggage." This road was essential, not just to allow Washington and his men to move quickly to Fort Duquesne, but to open up the Ohio country to Virginia troops and settlers in the future. Washington and the Ohio Company had originally hoped to use the Potomac River to travel between the tidewater and the Ohio country; however, the Great Falls made such a journey impossible until the completion of the Patowmack Canal in 1803.
Jumonville Glen
Washington sent out Captain Hog with 75 men to pursue French troops who had threatened to destroy his house and property. However, shortly after Hog left, Washington called together some young Indians and told them that the French had come to kill Tanacharison, and the Indians also left to pursue the French. That evening, Washington received a message from Tanacharison, who said he had found the French encampment. Washington decided to attack himself and brought 40 soldiers with him towards Tanacharison's camp. That morning, they met with Tanacharison's 12 Indian warriors, and Washington and Tanacharison agreed to attack the encampment. Washington ambushed the French, killing 10 to 12, wounding 2 and capturing 21. Among the dead was Jumonville; the exact manner of his death is uncertain, but by several accounts Tanacharison executed Jumonville in cold blood, crushing his head with a tomahawk and washing his hands in Jumonville's brains. One account, reported by an Indian to Contrecœur, claimed that Jumonville was killed by the Half King while the summons was being read.
Fort Necessity
After retiring from Jumonville, Washington expected to be attacked. Tanacharison attempted to convince the Lenape, Shawnee and the Mingo Indians to join the Virginians at Great Meadows. With about 150 Virginians at Great Meadows, they began to construct a fort, which Washington named Fort Necessity. The fort was completed on June 3.
By June 9, the rest of the Virginia Regiment arrived at Great Meadows, excluding Colonel Joshua Fry, who had fallen from his horse, broken his neck and died. Washington took his place as colonel. A few days later, 100 British regulars under the command of James Mackay arrived, but, instead of making camp with the Virginians, they camped separately outside the fort.
Red Stone Creek
Washington had heard that there were 500 poorly supplied French troops at Fort Duquesne, and thus he led the 300 Virginians out of Great Meadows on June 16 to widen the road, for he had been unable to convince the other chiefs to assist. They had said that they would also be unable to help the Virginians. Although he had lost Indian support, which made his troops more vulnerable to attack, Washington continued to widen the road towards Red Stone Creek.
On June 28, after a council of war, Washington ordered the withdrawal to Great Meadows. That same day 600 French and 100 Indians left Fort Duquesne led by the slain Jumonville's older brother, Louis Coulon de Villiers. In order to keep ahead of the French/Canadian force, the Virginians had to abandon most of their supplies. On July 1, they reached Fort Necessity.
British preparations
At Fort Necessity, the provision hut was depleted, and there was little shelter from the heavy rain that started to fall on the 2nd. With the rain, the trenches that Washington had ordered to be dug had turned into streams. Washington realized that he would have to defend against a frontal assault and also realized that it would be difficult because the woods were less than 100 yards away, within musket range, making it possible for a besieging attacker to pick off the defenders. To improve the defense, Washington ordered his men to cut trees down and to make them into makeshift breastworks.
As the British worked, Coulon approached Fort Necessity using the road the Virginians had built. He arrived at Jumonville's Glen early on the morning of July 3. Horrified to find several scalped French bodies, he immediately ordered them to be buried.
Battle
French attack
By 11:00 am on the 3rd of July 1754, Louis Coulon de Villiers came within sight of Fort Necessity. At this time, the Virginians were digging a trench in the mud. The pickets fired their muskets and fell back to the fort, whereupon three columns of Canadian soldiers and Indians advanced downhill towards the fort. However, Coulon had miscalculated the location of the fort and had advanced with the fort at his right. As Coulon halted and then redeployed his troops, Washington began to prepare for an attack.
Coulon moved his troops into the woods, within easy musket range of the fort. Washington knew he had to dislodge the Canadians and Indians from that position, so he ordered an assault with his entire force across the open field. Seeing the assault coming, Coulon ordered his soldiers, led by Indians, to charge directly at Washington's line. Washington ordered the men to hold their ground and fire a volley. Mackay's regulars obeyed Washington's command, and supported by two swivel cannons, they inflicted several casualties on the oncoming Indians. The Virginians, however, fled back to the fort, leaving Washington and the British regulars greatly outnumbered. Washington ordered a retreat back to the fort.
Coulon reformed his troops in the woods. The Canadians spread out around the clearing and kept up heavy fire on Fort Necessity. Washington ordered his troops to return fire, but they aimed too high, inflicting few casualties, and the swivel cannon fared no better. To add to the garrison's troubles, heavy rain began to fall that afternoon, and Washington's troops were unable to continue the firefight because their gunpowder was wet.
Negotiations
Louis Coulon de Villiers, with his men exhausted, powder and ball were running low, and reason to fear that American reinforcements were approaching, decided to parley. Sending an officer under a white flag to negotiate. Washington did not allow the Canadian officer into or near the fort, but sent two of his own men, including his translator Jacob Van Braam, to negotiate. The French had no desire to disturb the peace between the two kingdoms but wished only to “avenge the murder of one of our officers, bearer of a summons, and of his escort, and also to prevent any establishment being made on the lands of my King.” As negotiations began, the Virginians, against Washington's orders, broke into the fort's liquor supply and got drunk. Coulon told Van Braam that all he wanted was the surrender of the garrison, and the Virginians could go back to Virginia. He warned, however, that if they did not surrender now, the Indians might storm the fort and scalp the entire garrison.
Surrender
Van Braam brought this message to Washington, who agreed to these basic terms. One of Louis Coulon de Villiers' aides then wrote down Coulon's surrender terms and then gave them to Van Braam, who in turn gave them to Washington. Washington, who could not read French, had Van Braam translate it for him, and in the document it said that Jumonville had been "assassinated". Both Washington and Mackay signed the surrender document.
Order of battle
Strength report of the Virginia Regiment, July 1, 1754
Aftermath
On July 4, Washington and his troops abandoned Fort Necessity. The garrison marched away with drums beating and flags flying, but the Indians and the French began to loot the garrison's baggage on their way out. Washington, who feared a bloodbath, did not try to stop the looting. The Indians continued to plunder the soldiers until July 5. Washington and his troops arrived back in eastern Virginia in mid-July. On the 17th, Washington delivered his report of the battles to Governor Dinwiddie, expecting a rebuke, but Washington instead received a vote of thanks from the House of Burgesses and Dinwiddie blamed the defeat not on Washington but on poor supply and the refusal of aid by the other colonies.
When news of the two battles reached England in August, the government of the Duke of Newcastle, after several months of negotiations, decided to send an army the following year to dislodge the French. Major General Edward Braddock was chosen to lead the expedition. His expedition ended in disaster, and the French remained in control of Fort Duquesne until 1759, when an expedition under General John Forbes finally succeeded in taking the fort.
Word of the British military plans leaked to France well before Braddock's departure for North America, and King Louis XV dispatched a much larger body of troops to Canada in 1755. Although they arrived too late to participate in Braddock's defeat, the French troop presence led to a string of French victories in the following years. In a second British act of aggression, Admiral Edward Boscawen fired on the French ship Alcide in a naval action on June 8, 1755, capturing her and two troop ships carrying some of those troops. Military matters escalated on both North American soil and sea until France and Britain declared war on each other in spring 1756, marking the formal start of the Seven Years' War.
The battlefield is preserved at Fort Necessity National Battlefield.
Notes
References
Toner, J.M. (ed.) (1893). Journal of Colonel George Washington. Albany, N.Y.
External links
Fort Necessity National Battlefield
Robert Stobo one of the hostages taken by Louis Coulon de Villiers at the surrender of Fort Necessity
Jumonville & Fort Necessity Includes podcast of the topic.
1754 in the Thirteen Colonies
Battles of the French and Indian War
Battles in Pennsylvania
Battles involving Great Britain
Battles involving France
Conflicts in 1754
Pre-statehood history of Pennsylvania
Military history of the United States
History of Cumberland, MD-WV MSA |
74842206 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgie%20Gent%20%28footballer%29 | Georgie Gent (footballer) | Georgie Simon Gent (born 23 September 2003) is an English professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Motherwell, on loan from Blackburn Rovers.
Career
Gent joined Blackburn Rovers in 2019, after leaving Manchester City. On 4 April 2022, he signed his first professional contract.
On 1 September 2023, Gent joined Motherwell on loan until the end of the season. He made his league debut in a 1–0 loss against St Mirren on 16 September 2023, coming off the bench in the 83rd minute.
References
External links
2003 births
Living people
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Scottish Professional Football League players
Blackburn Rovers F.C. players
Motherwell F.C. players
Footballers from Manchester |
67716508 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhoogeton | Rhoogeton | Rhoogeton is a genus of flowering plants belonging to the family Gesneriaceae.
Its native range is Venezuela to Guyana and Northern Brazil.
Species:
Rhoogeton cyclophyllus
Rhoogeton viviparus
References
Gesnerioideae
Gesneriaceae genera |
24402683 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malone%20engine | Malone engine | The Malone engine is a liquid-based engine invented by J.F.J Malone of Newcastle, England. The engine used high temperature water as its working fluid, and was therefore also referred to as the Hot Water Engine. A US patent, describing it with Mercury or an Mercury-Lead Alloy as working fluid, for the engine was granted in 1924,
Malone's first 50 hp prototype was completed in 1925, and used coal to heat high pressure water sealed inside a cylinder. Malone's second prototype, demonstrated in 1931, also produced 50 hp but in a much smaller design.
In independent testing the design showed an efficiency of 27%, which exceeded the efficiency of steam engines of the day and approximately equalled the efficiency of a gasoline engine.
The cycle used by the Malone engine is a modified version of the Stirling Cycle. The sealed cylinders filled with water are heated from one end to a temperature above the normal boiling point of water, but because of the limited volume within the cylinder the water can not change phase. Instead, the water expands, in the process pushing the piston inside the cylinder. The opposite end of the cylinder is cooled by the air, or alternatively a coolant fluid, and thus the cylinder compresses once more, completing the Stirling cycle.
External links
References
External combustion engines |
70994441 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Jackson%20Lambert | George Jackson Lambert | George Jackson Lambert (16 November 1794 – 24 January 1880) was an English organist and composer, for many years organist of Beverley Minster.
Life
Lambert was born in Beverley, son of George Lambert, organist of Beverley Minster. He had his first lessons from his father; afterwards he studied in London under Samuel T. Lyon and William Crotch. He played violin, viola and cello; in his early career he played at the Chapel Royal and at St George's Chapel, Windsor Castle, and was said to be a favourite of the Prince Regent.
In 1818 he succeeded his father as organist at Beverley, and held the post until 1874, when ill health and deafness compelled him to retire. He died in Beverley on 24 January 1880, in the house in which he was born, and was interred in the private burial-ground in North-Bar Street Within. His wife and two sons (George, who took holy orders, and Henry William, a musician) predeceased him.
His father, who died on 15 July 1818, was organist for forty-one years, according to the epitaph on his tombstone in the graveyard, so that the office of organist at Beverley was held by father and son for ninety-seven years.
Compositions
His published compositions include overtures, instrumental chamber music, organ fugues and piano pieces. Some quartets and a septet were played at the meetings of the Society of British Musicians; they were well received but were never published.
References
Attribution
1794 births
1880 deaths
English classical organists
British male organists
19th-century organists
English classical composers
19th-century classical composers
19th-century British male musicians
People from Beverley
Male classical organists |
6188299 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citizen%20Law%20Enforcement%20Analysis%20and%20Reporting | Citizen Law Enforcement Analysis and Reporting | Citizen Law Enforcement Analysis and Reporting, also known as CLEAR, is a system of relational databases used by the Chicago Police Department (CPD) in Chicago, Illinois. These databases allow law enforcement officials to easily cross-reference available information in investigations and to analyze crime patterns using a geographic information system (GIS). CLEAR includes a network of remotely operated cameras that exhibit a small amount of artificial intelligence, in that they can sense gunshots, loiterers, and suspicious activity, and alert the CPD.
Uses
The unified CLEAR system is used for a wide variety of tasks:
Checking driver's licenses
Checking names or addresses
Checking for outstanding arrest warrants
Communication between police officers
Entering evidence into an electronic tracking database
Retrieving information for a mission
Checking investigative reports
Origins
In the 1990s, the Chicago Police Department developed the Criminal History Records Information System (CHRIS). This system was immediately unpopular with officers – so much so that a detective's newsletter warned that the IT employees who had developed the system had better "watch out" on the streets. The Police Department soon teamed with Oracle Corporation to create CLEAR, a set of web-based applications to increase the functionality and usability of the CHRIS system. CHRIS remains as a backbone, but CLEAR serves as the user interface.
Criticisms
A number of groups have expressed concerns about CLEAR, particularly regarding privacy and discrimination. Critics have charged that the system uses racial profiling, and that constant electronic monitoring evokes images of a Big Brother–like world.
Some individuals have raised concerns about the cameras used in the CLEAR system. Designed to be visible so as to deter criminal activities, the cameras sit in large checkered boxes with flashing blue lights. Neighbors have complained that these boxes flash light into their bedrooms at night, scare away customers from local businesses, and stigmatize the local community.
References
External links
CLEAR Program Evaluation
IMEDGE System used for digitizing paper records and more here
GIS Description (WORD)
Government of Chicago |
61603512 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320%20Dundee%20United%20F.C.%20season | 2019–20 Dundee United F.C. season | The 2019–20 season was Dundee United's 111th season, having been founded as Dundee Hibernian in 1909. It was their fourth season in the Scottish Championship, having been relegated from the Scottish Premiership at the end of the 2015–16 season. United also competed in the Challenge Cup, League Cup and Scottish Cup. On 15 April, the SPFL voted to end the lower leagues in Scottish football due to the coronavirus pandemic and as a result Dundee United were declared champions and secured promotion to the Premiership after four years in the Championship.
Competitions
Results & fixtures
Pre-season
Scottish Championship
Scottish League Cup
Scottish Challenge Cup
Scottish Cup
Squad statistics
The table below shows the number of appearances and goals scored by each player.
Appearances
|-
|colspan="12"|Players who left the club during the 2019–20 season
|-
|}
Club statistics
League table
League cup table
Transfers
Players in
Players out
Loans in
Loans out
See also
List of Dundee United F.C. seasons
References
Dundee United F.C. seasons
Dundee United |
3761480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbot%20of%20Iona | Abbot of Iona | The Abbot of Iona was the head of Iona Abbey during the Middle Ages and the leader of the monastic community of Iona, as well as the overlord of scores of monasteries in both Scotland and Ireland, including Durrow, Kells and, until the Synod of Whitby, Lindisfarne. It was one of the most prestigious clerical positions in Dark Age Europe, and was visited by kings and bishops of the Picts, Franks and English. The Ionan abbots also had the status of Comarba of Colum Cille, i.e. the successors of that Saint, Columba.
Iona's position as head of the Columban network (familia) of churches declined over time, with abbots based at Derry, Raphoe, Kells and Dunkeld. In Scotland, the abbots of Dunkeld ruled much of central Scotland in the 11th century, and functioned as some of the most important politicians of northern Britain. One of the abbots, Crínán, married Bethóc ingen Maíl Coluim, the daughter of King Máel Coluim II, and became the progenitor of the so-called House of Dunkeld, which ruled Scotland until the later thirteenth century. Dunkeld became a bishopric, and the monks based at Inchcolm Abbey became Augustinians.
At the beginning of the thirteenth century, the monks of Iona adopted the Benedictine rule. Iona was re-endowed in 1203 by Raghnall mac Somhairle, son of Somerled, king of Argyll and the Isles.
List of abbots of Iona to 891
List of comarbai Coluim Cille and abbots of Iona, 891–1099
During the abbacies of Diarmait and Indrechtach, almost certainly because of Viking attacks, the relics of Columba were moved to other monastic houses in the Columban familia, such as Kells, Raphoe and Dunkeld. The position of abbot on Iona ceases to have the same significance within the Columban monastic familia, and many comarbai are not based on the island.
List of comarbai Coluim Cille at Kells and Derry
None of the following comarbai Coluim Cille are based at Iona, but rather Kells and Derry.
List of Benedictine abbots of Iona
List of abbot-commendators
Notes
References
External links
http://foundationsirishculture.ie/record/?id=52
Iona
Iona
Iona, Benedictine
Irish abbots |
7594898 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muggins | Muggins | Muggins, sometimes also called All Fives, is a domino game played with any of the commonly available sets. Although suitable for up to four players, Muggins is described by John McLeod as "a good, quick two player game".
Muggins is part of the Fives family of domino games whose names differ according to how many spinners are in play. Muggins is the game without a spinner, Sniff and modern All Fives have a single spinner, and, in Five Up, all doubles are spinners. However, historically Fives or All Fives was the progenitor of the family and had no spinners.
Muggins is characterised by its 'fives' scoring system, the 'muggins rule' and the fact that there is no spinner. The aims of the game are to domino, i.e. be first to shed all one's hand tiles, and, during play, to score points by playing a tile that makes the total number of pips on all endpoints of the layout equal to a multiple of five.
History
Dominoes were introduced to England from France towards the end of the 18th century, early forms of play being the Block Game and Draw Game. The rules for these games were reprinted, largely unchanged, for over half a century. In 1863, a new game variously described as All Fives, Fives or Cribbage Dominoes appeared for the first time in both English and American sources. This game borrowed the counting and scoring features of cribbage, but 5 domino spots instead of 15 card points became the basic scoring unit, worth 1 game point. The game was played to 31 and employed a cribbage board to keep score.
The following year, rules for a game called Muggins were first published in The American Hoyle. The cribbage board was dropped, 5 spots scored 5 points, and game was now 200 for two players and 150 for three or four. Despite the name, which is the same as a term used in Cribbage to challenge a player who fails to declare his scoring combinations, no such 'muggins rule' was mentioned. This omission was rectified in the 1868 edition of The Modern Pocket Hoyle, but reprints of both rule sets continued to be produced in parallel for around twenty years before the version with the muggins rule prevailed. From around 1871, however, the names of All Fives and Muggins, became conflated and many publications issued rules for Muggins or All Fives or Muggins or Fives without making any distinction between the two. This confusion continues to the present day with some publications equating the names and others describing All Fives as a separate game. Some modern descriptions of All Fives are quite different from the original, having lost much of their cribbage character and incorporating a single spinner, making it identical, or closely related, to Sniff. Most published rule sets for Muggins include the rule that gives the game its name, but some modern publications omit it even though the muggins rule has been described as the unique feature of this game.
At the end of the 19th century a new variant appeared in which the first doublet to be played became a spinner that was open four ways. In 1904, this game was first called Sniff and the name stuck. In the mid-19th century, another variant of the Fives family, Five Up or Five-Up, was created in the San Francisco area of the US that extended the role of spinner to every doublet played.
Scoring
Points are earned when a player plays a tile (also called a domino or bone) with the result that the count (the sum of all open ends) is a multiple of five. The points earned are equal to the sum of the ends. Therefore, if a player plays a tile that makes the sum of the ends 5, 10, 15 or 20, the player scores that number. All pips on a crosswise double are included in the count until both sides are played on.
Play
Each player takes five tiles, when playing with four players or more, or seven when playing with two or three. The remainder are pushed aside to form the boneyard. The starting play is determined either by who holds the heaviest (highest) double (or single, if no one has a double) and that person plays first. If it is a 6–4, 5–5, 5–0, 4–1, or 3–2, the initial count is evenly divisible by five and so the player scores. Players in turn then lay a matching tile on one of the endpoints. Doubles are played crosswise and singles are played off its sides. Each player must play if holding a domino matching an end. A player who cannot match must draw until obtaining a playable tile or the boneyard is exhausted.
The muggins rule, which gives the game its name, is that a player must announce the count when playing a tile that scores a multiple of five; if he or she fails to do so and an opponent calls "Muggins!", the score is forfeited. Most accounts of the rules state the requirement to announce the count, but not all mention that the opponent may call "Muggins!" or that the points are forfeited. Some rules allow the calling opponent to claim the points for themselves.
The player who goes out wins additional points based on the value of dominoes still in other players' hands, which is scored by counting all the pips on those dominoes. Each opponent's hand is rounded to the nearest multiple of five; for example, the winner scores 25 for 27 pips in an opponent's hand and 30 for 28 points. These points are summed and awarded to the winner. If all players are blocked, the lightest hand (hand with fewest pips) wins, still earning points based on the pips in opponents' hands, usually subtracting the winner's pip count from the total.
Strategy
Muggins allows for complex dominoes strategy. Because players can score either by making the ends add up to a multiple of five, or by being the first to get rid of all their dominoes, players must balance the need to score throughout the hand with the need to get rid of their difficult dominoes. Players must use deductive reasoning to learn from each move their opponent makes. For instance, if a player could have scored 20 points by playing the 4-4 on one turn, their opponent can reasonably assume that their opponent does not have this domino. Champion dominoes players are able to identify these insights, combine them with other information, and remember them throughout the hand.
Variations
All early versions of Muggins were played with a double-six set. Modern variants differ in the number of tiles taken initially; the use of double-six, -nine, -twelve, or -fifteen sets; whether the initial tile must be a double. Modern rules sometimes admit the feature of the first double becoming a single spinner, but this variant is more commonly known as Sniff.
A common variation is knocking; when a player cannot lay a tile, he or she has the option to "knock"; this conditionally skips the next player. If the player after the skipped player can score, he must do so, and play then continues as normal. If he cannot, even if he can play, that player knocks and play reverts to the player who knocked first, who must draw until he can find a playable domino, and then the player who would have been skipped is allowed to play. This is common in a partnership form of the game played with four players; a knocking player thus defers to his/her partner who might be able to score. It is considered cheating for one partner to signal the other that he/she should knock.
Related games
The original All Fives, also known as Cribbage Dominoes or simply as Fives, was described in 1863 and was a precursor to Muggins. It was played with a double-six set, although one description uses double-nine dominoes, and players scored one point for every five pips scored as well as 1 or 5 points for winning. Scoring used a cribbage board. It was recorded as recently as 1981. There are at least two modern versions of All Fives that are quite different from one another and from classic All Fives. One is a single spinner game like Sniff, except that the spinner can only be placed crosswise and does not count once both sides are played on. Usually only 5 tiles are dealt to each player even in the two-hand game. The second game has no spinner and is essentially the Tiddly-Wink version of Fives in which players may play a second tile after playing any double or scoring tile. However, they may not go out by playing such a tile.
Sniff is Muggins, usually without the muggins rule, but with a single spinner, known as the sniff. The first doublet played automatically becomes the sniff and may be played four ways. Rules vary as to whether the first play must be a doublet and hence the sniff; whether the sniff can be played endwise, crosswise, or both; whether the ends of a crosswise sniff continue to score before being covered by a matching tile; or whether the arms of a crosswise stub may be extended by one or more tiles. When the game first appeared around 1900, the rule was simple: the sniff was played crosswise; any open end still counted and there was no limit on the length of the arms. By convention, the sniff must be played on both sides before the ends may be played on; or, if played inline, it must be played on both ends before the sides may be played on. Only then does it become a spinner.
All Threes is played in the same manner as Muggins, except that points are earned for multiples of three.
Fives and Threes emerged in the early 20th century and is a popular league and pub game in Britain today. It is similar to Muggins and All Threes, but points are scored for multiples of five and multiples of three at the open ends. Multiples of five and multiples of three are worth one point each. They can be scored in combination, however. If Player A plays the 6–5 and Player B the 6–1, then Player B scores 2 points because 5 and 1 sum to six (two threes). Player A then plays the 1–5 and earns 2 points because 5 and 5 sum to 10 (two fives). If Player B then plays the 5–5 crosswise, Player B scores 8 points, 5 for five threes and 3 for three fives. Fives and Threes is sometimes played with a spinner. Games are usually played to 31, 61, or 121 points using a cribbage board.
Primes is played similar to Fives and Threes except the only scoring plays are prime numbers. This generally keeps the game more competitive. For the bonus score at the end of the hand, the player who finished the hand receives points equal to tile with the most pips in competitors' hands, rounded down to the nearest prime number.
Five Up or Five-Up (US) is a further development of Sniff that features every double as a spinner. It was invented in the mid-19th century in the San Francisco area.
See also
Glossary of domino terms
Footnotes
References
Bibliography
External links
Muggins and Sniff at britannica.com.
Muggins at pagat.com.
Domino games |
51600501 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Fraser%20Noel | John Fraser Noel | John Fraser Noel (1942-1966) was an engineer from Cardiff, Wales, who died in Antarctica in 1966.
Noel was a diesel mechanic for the British Antarctic Survey at Stonington Island in 1965–1966. He died in May 1966, in a sledging accident, trying to save his fellow adventurer Thomas J. Allan, near what was subsequently named Tragic Corner off Marguerite Island.
Mount Noel in Antarctica, one of the Traverse Mountains, is named in his memory.
Noel had been a member of a scout group in Llanishen, Cardiff, and there is now a scout hall named after him: Fraser Hall was built for 1st Llanishen scouts.
References
1942 births
1966 deaths
20th-century British engineers
Welsh engineers
Accidental deaths in Antarctica |
27356916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cookfox | Cookfox | COOKFOX Architects (formerly Cook+Fox Architects) is a firm of architects founded by Rick Cook and Robert F. Fox, Jr. in 2003. The firm works on both new projects and on the adaptive reuse of existing buildings. COOKFOX is best known for designing the Bank of America Tower at One Bryant Park.
Work
The firm’s portfolio includes commercial, institutional and residential projects. COOKFOX has completed multiple projects in New York City’s historic Landmarks districts. Works include the redevelopment of Historic Front Street, a revitalization of a 19th-century neighborhood that won an AIA-NY/Boston Society of Architects Honor Award for Housing Design; 401 W 14th Street, a mixed-use building in Manhattan’s Meatpacking District that won an AIA-NY State Award for Adaptive Reuse; and the redevelopment of Henry Miller’s Theatre, a newly constructed theater with a Landmarked 1918 façade that will receive LEED Gold certification, making it Broadway’s first green theater. Recent projects, notably the Bank of America Tower and Henry Miller’s Theatre (renamed the Stephen Sondheim Theatre), focus on creating a healthy workplace. In 2009, the firm was completing construction on the LiveWorkHome, a green, affordable home in Syracuse, NY that was one of three winning entries in the “From the Ground Up” Competition. It was also completing the Center for Friends Without a Border, a visitors’ center at the Angkor Hospital for Children in Siem Reap, Cambodia.
The firm itself has won awards including the Museum of the City of New York’s Gotham Giant Award and New York School of Interior Design’s inaugural Honor Roll of Green Design Award. COOKFOX’s LEED Platinum office – the first LEED Platinum project in New York State – is located in Manhattan’s Chelsea neighborhood. The office’s interior was restored and the firm built a green roof, which was featured in National Geographic’s May 2009 issue.
References
External links
COOKFOX Architects, DPC
Architecture in New York (state)
Architecture firms based in New York City
2003 establishments in New York City
Design companies established in 2003 |
26518042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohorongo%20Cement | Ohorongo Cement | Ohorongo Cement is a cement factory on farm Sargberg near Otavi in the Otjozondjupa Region of Namibia. It is one of two Namibian cement factories and has a production capacity of per annum.
The ground breaking ceremony for the construction of the plant was held in January 2009. A roof wetting celebration took place in February 2010, when the preheater tower reached its final height of 109 meters. Production started in December 2010.
Initially wholly owned by the Schwenk Zement KG, Ohorongo states that ownership is to be transferred to Namibian institutions over time. In 2019 Schwenk still owned 69.83%, with the Development Bank of Namibia the largest minority shareholder. After the 2018 production start of Cheetah Cement, a second, larger, cement factory nearby, Schwenk offered its shareholding for sale. A 2019 acquisition offer by investment company West China Cement, however, was turned down by the Namibian Competition Commission because West China already owns Cheetah Cement.
References
Cement companies of Namibia
Buildings and structures in Otjozondjupa Region
Manufacturing companies established in 2007
2007 establishments in Namibia |
9877403 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapala%20lankana | Rapala lankana | Rapala lankana, the Malabar flash, is a species of lycaenid or blue butterfly found in South India and Sri Lanka. It was first described by Frederic Moore in 1879.
Description
Male: Upperside: Both wings deep purple, almost dull black, but in certain lights the whole of the hindwing and the lower discal area of the forewing glossed with magnificent rich purple. Hindwing with the anal lobe centred with ferruginous.
Underside: Both wings pale ferruginous towards the base, becoming gradually darker towards the margin. Forewing with a somewhat broad straight discal deep ferruginous band from the costa almost reaching the sub-median nervure, its outer edge very even, its inner edge a little irregular. Hindwing with a similar discal band, but posteriorly curved up to the abdominal margin; the anal lobe black, a deep ferruginous spot in the first median interspace on the margin, with some indistinct white speckles between, the discal band also bordered with white on both sides above the anal lobe.
Female: Upperside: Both wings pale violet-brown, marginal line black. Cilia pale ferruginous, at anal angle of hindwing and beyond the tail white. Hindwing with the anal lobe ferruginous, tail black.
Underside: both wings pale ferruginous, the margin darker; crossed by a narrow ferruginous-brown discal band. Hindwing with a black spot at the anal lobe and a speckled spot beyond, both of which and the end of the band are bordered with white speckles. Legs blackish, banded with white.
See also
List of butterflies of the Western Ghats
References
Theclinae
Butterflies of Asia
Butterflies described in 1879 |
14162666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick%20Collver | Dick Collver | Richard Lee Collver (February 13, 1936 – August 7, 2014) led the Saskatchewan Progressive Conservative (PC) Party from 1973 to 1978.
Born in Toronto, Collver earned an arts degree in economics from the University of Alberta, and articled as an accountant for Price Waterhouse in Calgary before moving to Saskatchewan in 1965. He was defeated in a run for the Saskatoon mayoralty, but attracted the attention of the then-moribund Saskatchewan PC Party, and gained its leadership in 1973. The party under Collver began its road to revitalization, and won seven seats with over 28% of the vote in the 1975 election, including Collver's seat in Nipawin. It became the official opposition after winning two by-elections and convincing two Liberal Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs), including Colin Thatcher, to defect to the PCs.
Though Collver's PCs won 38% of the vote and 17 MLAs in the 1978 election, Collver was disappointed with the result, feeling convinced he was going to win the election. He was facing lawsuits over his business endeavours, and became the target of attacks by the Saskatchewan New Democratic Party during the election. Collver stepped down as PC leader in 1979.
He was charged with illegal possession and improper use of a firearm after he discharged a .357 Magnum gun from the window of his Regina apartment on the night of his resignation. He was still involved in a $1 million lawsuit with the Saskatchewan government at the time.
He formed the Unionest Party in 1980, which advocated the joining of Saskatchewan and other western Canadian provinces to the United States. The party soon folded, and Collver retired to a ranch he purchased in Wickenburg, Arizona.
According to a column in the Montreal Gazette by Allan Fotheringham, Collver claimed that the 1980 federal election proved that the Canadian federation could not work. Fotheringham quoted Collver as saying that he had ruled out independence for western Canada, as advocated by the Western Canada Concept and other small parties at the time, because:
"Unfortunately, world events demand that those of us who believe in individual freedom and liberty must unite in the common cause against ever-increasing Russian domination of the world. Balkanization will only invite weakness and subversive activity designed to thwart freedom-loving peoples."
Collver briefly returned to Saskatchewan in 1984, to testify against Colin Thatcher in the trial that convicted him of the murder of his ex-wife Joanne Wilson. Collver alleged that Thatcher, in a visit to Collver's ranch in Arizona, approached him for help in the search for a hit-man to kill Wilson.
Collver died on August 7, 2014, in Thailand, where he had been living for the previous 12 years.
References
External links
Dick Collver's biography in the Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan
Supreme Court of Canada Decisions, R. v. Thatcher
CourtTV Crime Library description of Colin Thatcher's murder case
Saskatchewan Archives Board - Saskatchewan Election Results By Electoral Division
1936 births
2014 deaths
Politicians from Toronto
Saskatchewan Leaders of the Opposition
Progressive Conservative Party of Saskatchewan MLAs
Saskatchewan political party leaders |
1249849 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tritsch-Tratsch-Polka | Tritsch-Tratsch-Polka | , Op. 214, is a polka in A major by Johann Strauss II, written in 1858 after a successful tour of Russia where he performed in the summer concert season at Pavlovsk, Saint Petersburg. It was first performed in a concert in Vienna on 24 November 1858.
(chit-chat) refers to the Viennese passion for gossip. Strauss may also have been referencing the burlesque by the famous Austrian dramatist and actor Johann Nestroy, which premiered in 1833 and was still in the stage repertoire when the polka was written.
The mood of the piece is jaunty and high-spirited, as were many of Strauss' polkas.
References
External links
Tritsch-Tratsch-Polka, vienna.cc
, Vienna Philharmonic, Zubin Mehta (Heldenplatz, Vienna, 1999)
, by György Cziffra, played by Yuja Wang
Compositions by Johann Strauss II
1858 compositions
Polkas
Compositions set in Vienna
Compositions in A major |
55482696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Hooley | Peter Hooley | Peter Jeffrey Hooley (born 5 February 1992) is an Australian sports broadcaster and former professional basketball player. He played college basketball for the University of Albany and professionally in the National Basketball League (NBL).
College career
Hooley played for the Albany Great Danes from 2011 to 2016. He was a standout player for the team, earning All-America East honors three times and the America East tournament Reggie Lewis Most Outstanding Performer honors in 2014 and 2015. While attending the University at Albany, SUNY Hooley finished as the America East Conference men's basketball scholar athlete of the year twice, following the 2013–14 and 2015–16 seasons.
Freshman Campaign
Hooley would receive a medical redshirt for the 2011-12 basketball season after only appearing in four games due to a stress fracture on the right foot. During the 2012–13 season Hooley would tally nine double digit scoring games, including new career highs of 18 points and 12 rebounds as the Albany Great Danes visited the Hartford Hawks men's basketball program for a regular season conference matchup. Hooley would finish his Freshman campaign with 263 points, 102 assists and 111 rebounds in 858 minutes as Albany won the America East Conference men's basketball tournament and returned to the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament for the first time since 2007.
Sophomore Campaign
During 2013–14 season for Albany, Hooley would start 32 of the 33 games he appeared in averaging 35.1 minutes per game. The only game he would not start would be on Senior Night, when Albany coach Will Brown elected to start all seniors in the Great Danes' final regular season home game. Hooley would reach a new career high for points in a game several times throughout the season, peaking with a 30-point outing as Albany defeated UMBC in the first round of the America East tournament. In total, Hooley would accumulate 10 games in which he scored at least 20 points and 25 games in which he scored in double figures, on his way to averaging a team high 15.5 points per contest. Hooley would tally 512 points, 87 assists and 89 rebounds for the season as the Albany Great Danes men's basketball team repeated as America East tournament champions; punching their ticket to the 2014 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament with a 69–60 victory over the Stony Brook Seawolves men's basketball program. Hooley would be named the America East Conference men's basketball tournament Reggie Lewis Most Outstanding Player for the first time in his career.
Junior Campaign
Hooley missed 9 games for Albany during the 2014–15 season including 8 straight America East Conference games as he returned to Australia to be with his ailing mother. His mother, Sue Hooley, would die after a -year battle with colon cancer on 30 January 2015. Hooley, who would later state "I always played for her before all of this", would eventually continue to do just that. On 13 February 2015 he returned to the court for Albany, recording his 1000th career point in a six-point Great Dane's victory at NJIT. With only five games remaining in the regular season, Hooley would ease his way back into the rotation for Albany, averaging 24.2 minutes per game while coming off of the bench.
In a 60-58 America East Conference men's basketball tournament semifinal victory over the University of New Hampshire Hooley would come off of the bench and record a game high 21 points in 35 minutes of action. With the Albany Great Danes men's basketball program once again facing the Stony Brook Seawolves in the America East tournament finals, Hooley would hit Albany's only three pointer of the game with 1.6 seconds left to give Albany their third consecutive America East Conference men's basketball tournament championship in a 51–50 triumph. When asked about the shot after the game, Hooley referred to his late mother Sue stating "When you've got angels watching you, you can do anything"
Hooley finished his Junior season with 329 points, 72 rebounds and 56 assists in 781 minutes, while winning his second consecutive America East tournament Reggie Lewis Most Outstanding Player award.
Senior Campaign
Hooley would appear in and start all 33 of Albany's games during the 2015–16 season, scoring in double figures in 19, while totaling 411 points, 90 assists and 153 rebounds for the season. He would finish his Albany career with 1,519 points, 336 assists and 426 rebounds. Hooley remains only the second Albany Men's Basketball player to win multiple Reggie Lewis Most Outstanding Player Awards, while he and teammate Sam Rowley are the only two Albany Great Danes men's basketball players to have reached the NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament three times in their career.
Hooley currently sits seventh all time for Albany Great Danes men's basketball players in career points (1,519), sixth in games played (126), tied for fourth in games started (92), fourth in free throw's made (410), eighth in free throw percentage (80.2%) and sixth in three point field goal's made (181).
College Statistics
Professional career
Following the close of his college career, Hooley signed with the Plymouth Raiders of the British Basketball League. He averaged six points per game for the Raiders before returning to Australia for personal reasons. He then signed with the Ballarat Miners of the South East Australian Basketball League (SEABL) in February, 2017. For the 2017 SEABL season, Hooley averaged 20.6 points and 4.5 assists per game for the Miners, earning a berth on the All-Star Five Team. He re-signed with the Miners for the 2018 season.
Hooley parlayed his strong SEABL performance into a contract with the National Basketball League's Melbourne United as an injury replacement for Daniel Dillon.
Broadcasting career
Hooley joined the NBL commentary team for the 2019–20 season.
References
External links
NBL profile
Albany Great Danes bio
1992 births
Living people
Albany Great Danes men's basketball players
Australian expatriate basketball people in the United States
Australian men's basketball players
Basketball announcers
Melbourne United players
Plymouth Raiders players
Shooting guards
Basketball players from Adelaide
21st-century Australian people
Sportsmen from South Australia |
37967758 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Menendez | James Menendez | James Menendez is a British journalist and radio broadcaster working for BBC News, BBC World Service, and BBC World News. Menendez is one of the main presenters of Newshour on the BBC World Service.
Career
Menendez joined the BBC as a trainee reporter in 1995. He then became a reporter for the BBC World Service before becoming the BBC Correspondent in Venezuela.
In 2004, Menendez moved back to London, as an occasional presenter on Newshour and The World Today. In 2007, he became one of the main presenters of World Briefing before becoming a main presenter on Newshour. In addition to presenting the programme, Menendez reports for Newshour from around the world. On 13 April 2015, he started presenting World News Today on BBC Four and BBC World News.
In 2017, an interview he was conducting on BBC World News with Robert Kelly went viral after the interviewees children burst in and started dancing.
On 1 July 2022 Menendez presented The World Tonight on BBC Radio 4.
References
BBC newsreaders and journalists
BBC World Service presenters
BBC World News
British radio presenters
Living people
British people of Mexican descent
Year of birth missing (living people) |
5703242 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koti%2C%20Hyderabad | Koti, Hyderabad | Koti (or Kothi) is a locality in the city of Hyderabad, Telangana, India. It is one of the best-known commercial Old Suburbs of Hyderabad. There are two areas in the vicinity: King Koti and Ram Koti.
History
The area's name comes from Koti Residency, koti meaning a mansion, for the lavish mansion built in Victorian and Corinthian style once belonging the British resident James Achilles Kirkpatrick and which was, in 1949, converted into the campus of the Osmania University College for Women.
Background
Originally the Devdi was owned by a nobleman Kamal Khan, and later by Mir Osman Ali Khan, the Nizam of Hyderabad and Berar. The Nizam then inhabited the palace after his ascension to the throne in 1911, unlike his father who lived in Chowmahalla Palace. Passers-by then carved "K K" on the accessible walls of the palace, which irked its royal resident. He then passed a farman, or Royal charter, to name the building King Kothi or "King’s Mansion".
Commercial value
Koti is famous for the book business. A wide variety of bookshops are located here. Bank Street in Koti is a financial center of Hyderabad city. Important national and private banks are located here like the Central Bank of India, State Bank of India, Andhra Bank etc.
The famous Gokul chat shop, which was involved on 25 August 2007 bombings is located in Koti. Close to Koti is the Abids area, which is a similar commercial area.
Osmania Medical College campus is located in this area. It is one of the oldest medical colleges in India. Directorate of Medical Education and Directorate of Health and Telangana branch of Indian Medical Association are also located in this region.
Tech Mahindra also established an Institute named Tech Mahindra Foundation to improve skills of degree holders in order to increase the chances of employment. It is located near Women's College Bus stop.
Transport
Mahatma Gandhi Bus Station located close to Koti is a major bus station, and is a road transport gateway to the city. This station is located across the Musi river. This bus station is said to be one of the largest in India and provides transport to all parts of the state and country. The Osmania medical college is the nearest metro station to koti
The local city bus terminus is located at women's college of Koti, opposite to Andhra Bank, and government hospital. Bus stop opposite to Andhra Bank- buses go to Secunderabad, Kondapur, Lingampally whereas, bus stop near vaibhav shopping mall go to Afzalgunj, Lingampally, Lakdikapool, Secunderabad, Nampally etc. and from bus stop opposite government hospital buses go to Kushaiguda, ECIL, Secunderabad etc. Bus stop at women college, buses go to Dilsukhnagar, Malakpet, L.B.Nagar, Ibrahimpatnam, Ramoji film city, NGO's colony, Uppal etc. Buses from Bus stop beside vaibhav mall go to Rajendra Nagar, Zoo park, Airport etc.
The closest MMTS Train Station and railway station is at Kachiguda considered the best to board or arrive from out state destination trains in Hyderabad.
References
External links
History of Kothi Residency
Neighbourhoods in Hyderabad, India
Shopping districts and streets in India |
1775654 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20E.%20Studdy | George E. Studdy | George Ernest Studdy (Devonport, 23 June 1878 – 25 July 1948) was a British commercial artist. He is best remembered for his creation of Bonzo the dog, a fictional character in the early 1920s that first appeared in The Sketch Magazine.
Biography
Studdy was born on 23 June 1878, in Devonport, Devon, England. He was the second of three children of Ernest and Constance Studdy. His father was a lieutenant in the Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders. During his childhood, his foot was accidentally pierced by a pitchfork, which later prevented him from following his father into the army.
He pursued his education at Clifton College, Bristol, and then Dulwich College in London while living with his aunt. He left the College and England in the summer of 1896.
He worked as a stockbroker with the Thames Iron Works. He had always dreamed of going back to school, so with £100 given to him from his aunt, he attended night classes at the Heatherley School of Fine Art in London to study drawing as well as studying animal anatomy at Calderon's Animal School.
After art school, he shared a studio with several friends from art school while working to complete a portfolio. He was able to sell a few of his sketches to local newspapers and magazines. A few newspapers later commissioned Studdy to draw action scenes to go along with articles on the Boer War.
In 1900, as Studdy's sketches started to gain popularity, Comic Cuts, Boys Own Weekly and Pick-Me-Up began to publish Studdy's sketches regularly. It was about this time that he started his long relationship with Valentine & Sons postcards of Dundee. One of the first set they published was a series of six sketches called "The Evolution of the Motor Car".
In 1912, Studdy married Blanche Landrin. That same year he signed a contract with The Sketch to produce a weekly full-page drawing.
When war broke out, he was commissioned by Gaumont to produce a series of short films called Studdy’s War Studies. Studdy later introduced Bonzo into his sketches.
His Bonzo character was a chubby little white pup with sparse black spots, a stubby tail, and big blue eyes. Bonzo became the inspiration for much commercial merchandise, such as cuddly and mechanical toys, ashtrays, pincushions, trinket boxes, car mascots, jigsaw puzzles, books, calendars, candies, and a profusion of postcards.
Bonzo's massive popularity allowed Studdy and his wife to live a very comfortable life until he died in 1948.
References
External links
George Studdy and Bonzo Dog reference website
G. E. Studdy's Files on Collections Numérisées website, Cité Internationale de la bande dessinée et de l'Image, France
1878 births
1948 deaths
Alumni of the Heatherley School of Fine Art
British comics artists
British cartoonists
People educated at Dulwich College
People educated at Clifton College |
25221275 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blown%20for%20Good | Blown for Good | Blown for Good: Behind the Iron Curtain of Scientology is a memoir written by Marc Headley, a former Scientologist and Sea Org member, about his life and experiences in the Church of Scientology. It was self-published in the United States on November 5, 2009.
Background
Marc Headley was raised in Los Angeles, California. Headley's mother was a Scientologist, and she raised him within the church from an early age. He began work as an employee for the church at age 16. Headley soon after joined the Sea Org and worked at the international headquarters of Scientology in Hemet, California, for 15 years. Headley escaped from the international headquarters of the organization in 2006. He was escorted to the safety of a car rental shop by the police during his escape from the organization.
In Headley v. Church of Scientology International, the 9th Circuit Court of Appeals wrote, "The record overwhelmingly shows that the Headleys joined and voluntarily worked for the [Sea Organization] because they believed that it was the right thing to do, because they enjoyed it, and because they thought that by working they were honoring the commitment that they each made and to which they adhered." The court also noted that the Headleys had private quarters outside the base, and had access to vehicles and multiple opportunities to leave.
Contents
The book's title is a reference to the Scientology terms "blow" or "blown," which describe one who leaves Scientology without prior authorization from the organization.
Headley recounts episodes from his years as a member of the Church of Scientology, most of that time as part of the order called the Sea Organization, or Sea Org. He details his experiences while working hundred-hour weeks at Scientology's secluded international headquarters known as Gold Base (or "Int Base") at Gilman Hot Springs, California, about eighty miles southeast of Los Angeles.
The book includes a foreword written by former high-ranking Scientology official Mark Rathbun.
Golden Era Productions
Headley worked out of the film-production studio facilities of Scientology from 1989 through 2005. He held multiple positions while employed by Scientology at Gold Base, mainly focused on the production of video and audio materials to disseminate the message of Scientology founder L. Ron Hubbard. He helped originate scripts of videos to introduce new members to Scientology methodology. He also supervised large scale Scientology public events presided over by Scientology's leader David Miscavige. Headley reproduced thousands of copies of audio recordings of speeches by Hubbard.
Auditing with Tom Cruise
By his own account, Headley was selected in 1990 to undergo the Scientology practice of auditing, as partner to actor Tom Cruise, who had recently finished the film Days of Thunder. Cruise was paired with the author because, according to Headley, he was relatively low on the scale of Scientology courses and young at the time (17), so he would not be viewed as a risk to speak to the press about his experiences with the celebrity. "[Cruise] was going to do his auditor training and he needed someone to audit and this person had to be low on the bridge. That was me," writes Headley. According to the Headley, he worked with Cruise on Scientology exercises called Training Routines for hours at a time each day. These techniques were intended to give the practitioner better control over one's mind. Headley said that he worked with Cruise for a total of three weeks.
2004 Tom Cruise video
The author describes a 2004 event where Tom Cruise was awarded the organization's Medal of Valor from David Miscavige, the video of which was leaked to the Internet in January 2008. Initially, the video intended for the event featured Cruise and other celebrities including Will Smith appearing on camera and praising the actor. Miscavige disapproved and instructed Scientology staff to create a video where Cruise would speak about himself and his views on being a Scientologist. "Dave Miscavige later said that his Tom Cruise video was one of the most important videos that had ever been produced," writes Headley.
Departure from Scientology
Headley states he gained approval to sell old Scientology materials on eBay to recoup money for the organization – he was later accused of embezzlement for doing this. In 2005, when he knew he would be faced with being sent to the organization's prison-like program the Rehabilitation Project Force, Headley decided to leave. Headley worried that leaving Scientology would mean becoming separated from his wife Claire, to whom he had been married for 13 years, and other family members in accordance with the Scientology practice of disconnection. Headley alleges that he left Gold Base on his motorcycle but was followed by Scientology security guards, which resulted in Headley falling off his bike by the side of the road. Riverside County, California Sheriff's arrived, and they helped Headley safely get further away from the Scientology compound. From there, he traveled to his father in Kansas City. He was later reunited with his wife who had also been an employee at Gold Base. Prior to his wife's departure from Gold Base, she was monitored closely day and night by the organization.
The author credits multiple sources for introducing doubts about his conditions while living at Gold Base. He writes that he listened to The John and Ken Show on KFI, and that their discussion of Scientology allowed him to think more critically during his time at the compound. He says that viewing Conan O'Brien make fun of Scientology celebrities changed his views on individuals that the organization had only spoken of internally with reverence.
Scientology response
When Headley and a Danish film crew went to the Gold Base, Headley was confronted by several members of Gold staff, including base spokesperson Catherine Fraser, who said Headley's account of his escape was untrue:
After reviewing the evidence, the 9th Circuit agreed with the Scientologists that the Headleys lived outside the base, had many opportunities to leave the Gold staff, and had no problem leaving on their first try.
Suppressive Person declaration
In an interview on The John and Ken Show on KFI, Headley was asked if he experienced retaliation from Scientology for speaking critically about the organization. He said that he had been issued a declaration that he was to be considered a "Suppressive Person" by members of the organization, and explained, "That's basically the thing that goes out to anyone and everyone who is in Scientology, saying, 'This person is a Suppressive Person, and you can no longer speak to him ever again.' If you are in Scientology, and you speak to somebody who is a Suppressive Person, you yourself can be declared a Suppressive Person." Headley said when he left Scientology the organization gave him a "freeloader statement", a bill for US$62,000, for courses he had received in Scientology. "It's actually illegal, because they are basically charging me for on-the-job training – in California you can't charge somebody for on-the-job training. It's of no real value, but you don't know that, when you're in Scientology. You think, 'Are they going to garnish my wages, are they going to sue me?' You don't know," said Headley.
Reception
The book was self-published November 5, 2009, and was made available through the author's website at www.blownforgood.com and on Amazon.com. Blown for Good was selected as a finalist in the 2009 "Book of the Year Awards", by ForeWord Magazine. The editor in chief of The Village Voice, Tony Ortega, described the book as a "remarkable account". Ortega noted, "Headley's story provides a damning account of life working for Scientology". He concluded the review by commenting, "Perhaps the best service that Headley provides with Blown for Good is giving non-Scientologists the sense of what it's really like to work, day in and day out, in such a strange organization, from the lowliest laborer mucking out excrement in a Gold Base pond (Headley says shit was coming out of his ears and pores for days) to what kind of luxuries the celebrities and high-ranking members enjoy."
On the KFI talk radio program The John and Ken Show, commentators John Kobylt and Ken Chiampou talked about Blown for Good and discussed Scientology. Paul Beaumont, Toni O'Loughlin, and Paul Harris of The Observer commented that Headley's book, "details – as others have – allegations of systematic abuse and bizarre episodes" of experiences in Scientology. They noted, "Headley's book follows a year in which Scientology has been plagued by unwelcome revelations from high-profile defectors and fresh media investigation into its practices." Catholic Online associate editor and former Archbishop of the Charismatic Episcopal Church, Randy Sly, characterized Blown for Good as "a bold insider memoir". Sly reported on criticism of Scientology in the Australian Senate by Senator Nick Xenophon, and commented, "Headley provides vivid accountings of activities within Scientology that confirm the Australian Senator's concerns." Sly noted, "A number of comments left on the Amazon.com website were from those who indicated they were ex-Scientologists and confirmed the author's accounts." Ian Punnett of Coast to Coast AM commented that the song "We Gotta Get out of This Place", "certainly would be a theme of several of the chapters of Blown for Good".
Hamilton Nolan of Gawker described the book's design as "featuring a dramatic, action-scene-type cover", and called the work "a new tell-all book". Star described Blown for Good as an "explosive new book". The Flemish daily newspaper published in Belgium, De Standaard, noted the book discusses "remarkable experiences" the author underwent as a Scientology staff member. In a 2010 article in New Humanist, Paul Sims noted, "Since its release at the end of last year, Blown for Good has made the kind of impact its author hoped. Having built up an online buzz courtesy of Anonymous, and sold thousands of copies in the US, Headley says he has been receiving letters and emails from Scientologists, many of whom have said the revelations in his book have confirmed their suspicions about the inner workings of the Church."
About the author
After leaving Scientology, Headley wrote about his experiences in Scientology. His writings were published in the media including news magazines, publications on the internet and other websites. In 2008, Headley was invited to speak in Hamburg, Germany, at a conference discussing abuses within Scientology, alongside actor and former Scientologist Jason Beghe.
, Headley lives in Colorado with his wife and three sons, and is the CEO of MODE Systems.
Headley continues to speak out about his experiences in Scientology, including being featured on an episode of Leah Remini: Scientology and the Aftermath, and running a YouTube channel called "Blown for Good – Exposing Scientology Since 2006!".
Headley is a Board Member of The Aftermath Foundation. The Aftermath Foundation helps former Sea Org members get back on their feet after having no contact with the outside world as they usually do not have an employment history, credit history, bank account, driver's license or sometimes even a formal education.
See also
Scientology and the legal system
Scientology controversies
References
External links
Youtube channel for BlownForGood
Riverside County Sheriff's Department Police Reports regarding Marc Headley's Escape, Scribd
2009 non-fiction books
Books critical of Scientology
Books about Scientology
Self-published books
2009 in religion
Books about California
American memoirs |
46529935 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagea%20granulosa | Gagea granulosa | Gagea granulosa is a Eurasian species of plants in the lily family. It is native to Russia (European Russia and Siberia), Kazakhstan, China (Xinjiang), and Mongolia.
Gagea granulosa is a bulb-forming perennial up to 20 cm tall. Flowers are yellow to yellow-green.
References
External links
Plantarium, Gagea granulosa Turcz. Описание таксона in Russian with several color photos
granulosa
Flora of Russia
Flora of Asia
Plants described in 1854
Taxa named by Nikolai Turczaninow |
56787632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nani%20Gopal%20Mandal | Nani Gopal Mandal | Nani Gopal Mandal is a Bangladesh Awami League politician and a former member of parliament from Khulna-1.
Career
Mandal was elected to Parliament from Khulna-1 as a Bangladesh Awami League candidate in 2008. He contested the January 5, 2014, election as an independent candidate after failing to get the nomination from Bangladesh Awami League.
Controversy
Mandal was accused of assaulting Joyonti Rani, vice chairwoman of Dkope upazila. His actions were condemned by the Upazila Parishad Association of Bangladesh. On May 4, 2012, an arrest warrant was issued against him by the Senior Judicial Magistrate's Court (Ga zone).
References
Awami League politicians
Living people
9th Jatiya Sangsad members
Bangladeshi Hindus
Year of birth missing (living people) |
8163197 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roseway%20Waldorf%20School | Roseway Waldorf School | Roseway Waldorf School is a coeducational privately funded school in Alverstone, near Botha's Hill, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. It was founded in February 1985. The school now has programs from preschool through high school. The school is based on the principles of Waldorf education, laid down by the founder of Waldorf education, Rudolf Steiner.
The school is situated on a hilltop farm overlooking the Valley of a Thousand Hills and serves as the site of the Alverstone air monitoring station, one of 14 such sites in the Air Quality Monitoring Network in the South Durban Basin.
Academics
Roseway Waldorf School follows the Waldorf Steiner Curriculum.
The Steiner Waldorf curriculum is holistic and spans the age range from 3–18 years. It places emphasis on integrating nature, art, crafts, drama and music into all academic learning including science & mathematics. It addresses all the multiple intelligences, including emotional literacy and kinesthetic learning.
In addition to developing analytical, logical and reasoning skills as education has always done, it focuses on the development of imagination, creativity, memory and flexible thinking skills.
The Steiner curriculum is based on understanding the development of a child and how children learn at different ages. It encourages the development of each child’s sense of truth, beauty, and goodness, and inspires in each child a lifelong love of learning. The Waldorf curriculum runs from preschool till the class 12 year (18 year old)
In their 13th year Roseway pupils write the National Senior Certificate Exam. This year, while inspired and strengthened by the Waldorf methodology, follows the D.O.E CAPS curriculum. All work at this level is moderated and signed off by department officials. Learners choose seven of the 16 matriculation subjects offered at Roseway, namely:
English Home Language
Afrikaans FAL
IsiZulu FAL
Mathematics or Mathematical literacy
Litcy, Life Orientation
Physical Sciences
Life Sciences
Geography
History
Economics
Consumer Studies
Tourism
Religion Studies
Visual Arts
Music
Dramatic Art
References
External links
Roseway Waldorf School site
Waldorf Schools South Africa
Waldorf schools in South Africa
Private schools in KwaZulu-Natal
Educational institutions established in 1985
1985 establishments in South Africa |
73982582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego%20Hormigo | Diego Hormigo | Diego Hormigo Iturralde (born 16 April 2003) is a Spanish professional footballer who plays as a left back for Sevilla Atlético.
Career
Born in Seville, Andalusia, Hormigo was a Sevilla FC youth graduate. He made his senior debut with the C-team on 9 January 2022, coming on as a second-half substitute in a 3–0 Tercera División RFEF away loss against CD Cabecense.
Hormigo renewed with the Nervionenses on 1 July 2022, signing a new contract until 2025. After starting the 2022–23 season as a full member of the C-team, he also started to feature regularly with the reserves in Segunda Federación. He scored his first senior goal on 10 December, netting the opener for the B's in a 2–1 home loss against Xerez Deportivo FC.
Hormigo made his first team – and La Liga – debut on 4 June 2023, starting in a 2–1 away loss against Real Sociedad.
Honours
Sevilla
UEFA Europa League: 2022–23
References
External links
2003 births
Living people
Footballers from Seville
Spanish men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
La Liga players
Segunda Federación players
Tercera Federación players
Sevilla FC C players
Sevilla Atlético players
Sevilla FC players
UEFA Europa League winning players |
52873591 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4the%20Loewenthal | Käthe Loewenthal | Käthe Frida Rosa Loewenthal (27 March 1878, in Berlin – 26 April 1942, in Izbica) was a German Modernist landscape painter of Jewish ancestry. She was murdered in the Shoah.
The Painter Susanne Ritscher was her sister.
Biography
Her father Wilhelm Loewenthal was an ophthalmologist and hygienist. They moved frequently, living in Geneva, Lausanne, Paris and Berlin, as her father did work at various universities. The year 1890 found them in Bern, where she made friends with the family of a local pastor and converted to Protestantism.
She also made the acquaintance of the Swiss Symbolist painter, Ferdinand Hodler, and developed an interest in art. After finishing her secondary education, she studied with him from 1895 to 1897. While visiting Paris, she met the German painter, Leo von König. She returned to Berlin with him and took lessons at his private school. She then studied at the art school founded by Wilhelm Feldmann in Mölln.
From 1904 to 1905, she worked as a freelance artist in Munich and took trips to the Bernese Highlands, which became a popular motif in her early paintings. In 1909, she moved to Stuttgart to join her friend, the painter Erna Raabe, Dame von Holzhausen. There, she studied at the State Academy of Fine Arts in the "Damenmalklasse" (Women's Class), taught by Adolf Hölzel, and took her academic degree in 1914.
In 1912 her sister, Susanne, had bought an old fisherman's house on Hiddensee. Käthe visited there regularly until 1934; becoming a member of the "", which included Elisabeth Andrae, , Clara Arnheim and Elisabeth Büchsel. She also exhibited at the Blaue Scheune, an art venue established by the painter and activist, Henni Lehmann.
In 1934, she was served with a "Malverbot" (painting forbidden), and was unable to exhibit or accept commissions. Her studio was closed and she was expelled from all the organizations she belonged to. Until 1941, she was still able to make occasional trips to Switzerland and paint in the Highlands. As the harassment became progressively worse, she secretly received support from friends in the art community and her former maid, Marie, who would later hide and save over 200 of her pastels and watercolors.
In 1941, she was removed from her apartment and placed in a "" (home for Jews). The following year, she was taken to a processing center in Lauterstein, then transported to the Izbica Ghetto, where she was murdered.
She is commemorated by stolpersteine in Hiddensee and Stuttgart. In 1993, a retrospective was held at (The Hidden Museum), an exhibition venue devoted to the work of female artists, sculptors, photographers and architects.
References
Further reading
Ruth Negendanck: Hiddensee. Die besondere Insel für Künstler. Atelier im Bauernhaus, Fischerhude 2005,
Grete Grewolls: "Loewenthal, Käthe." In: Wer war wer in Mecklenburg und Vorpommern. Das Personenlexikon. Hinstorff, Rostock 2011,
Angela Rapp: Der Hiddensoer Künstlerinnenbund – Malweiber sind wir nicht. Berlin 2012, .
External links
Käthe Loewenthal, official website
Käthe Loewenthal und Ihre Schwestern @ the Museums- und Kunstverein Osnabrück
Brief biography @ Zeichnung der Erinerrung.
Käthe Loewenthal @ Der Hiddensoer Künstlerinnenbund
1878 births
1942 deaths
20th-century German painters
German landscape painters
German women painters
Jewish women painters
Jewish painters
German watercolourists
Painters from Berlin
People who died in Izbica Ghetto
German Jews who died in the Holocaust
20th-century German women artists
Women watercolorists |
56146093 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velika%20Jazbina | Velika Jazbina | Velika Jazbina is a settlement (naselje) in the Samobor administrative territory of Zagreb County, Croatia. As of 2011 it had a population of 258 people.
References
Populated places in Zagreb County |
24606468 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dup%C4%83%20blocuri | După blocuri | După Blocuri (Behind the Buildings) is the fifth studio album by Romanian hip hop group B.U.G. Mafia, released on January 18, 2000, by Cat Music in Romania. Recording sessions for the album took place throughout 1999 at the "Magic Sound" studios in Bucharest. The album features a darker tone than its predecessor, with heavy beats being accompanied by an overall sobriety in its lyricism. It has been categorized by fans and critics alike as the group's darkest work. Production for the album was handled by group member Tataee and some of his frequent collaborators at the time, keyboardist Camil Beldeanu and guitarist Cristi Andrei.
The album is notable for being the first in the group's history to have its tracks fade into one another and for including the hit single "După blocuri", for which B.U.G. Mafia shot their first official video directed by Bogdan Albu in January 2000.
Background
The group started work on the album in late 1998 and recording sessions carried throughout 1999. As their previous album De cartier had sold over 130,000 copies which was unprecedented for a Romanian hip hop group, B.U.G. Mafia were catapulted to superstardom and with that, new problems occurred for them. The Romanian media started capitalizing off their success by publishing false stories and intentionally portraying the group in a demeaning light. The anger and frustration of being unable to publicly defend themselves was put into a large number of the songs recorded for the album thus producing what the critics have called "their darkest work since their debut album".
Content
Production
In composing the music for the album, Tataee returned to work with studio musicians after in 1998, for De cartier, he had been more hands on with the production, playing much of the album's music on the group's newly-bought keyboard. Camil Beldeanu makes a number of appearances, playing keys on 5 of the album's 19 tracks and Cristi Andrei returns to create a number of funk-influenced guitar riffs, most notably on the album's title track. Romanian composer Viorel Sîrbu was also heavily involved in the production of După blocuri, playing the album's basslines. The overall sound differs significantly from De cartier, as all B.U.G. Mafia and Tataee's productions do from album to album. The heavy, "boom bap"-influenced drums and the haunting synthesizer-keyboard elements account for much of the album's dark feel. The album relies more on live instrumentation rather than sampling. However, "A Fost Odata-n Cartiere" (Once Upon A Time In The Neighbourhoods) references a famous moment in the group's history through a sample of the audience at the 1998 "Ballantine's Music Awards", who had felt that the B.U.G. Mafia deserved the "Song of the Year" award that went to Holograf, by chanting the group's name. Romanian pop singers Roxana Andronescu and Nicoleta "Nico" Matei make guest appearances on four of the album's songs. Matei would later return to collaborate with B.U.G. Mafia for their 2002 single "Cine E Cu Noi" (Who's With Us?).
Lyricism
The album's lyrics represent a complex and introspective look cast upon the working class life in the poverty-ridden late 1990s post communist Romania. The group also addresses its long-standing feud with the Romanian media, who had retaliated a year earlier by capitalizing on slanderous articles suggesting that the B.U.G. Mafia had no respect for its fans or that they asked for ridiculous amounts of money to perform live. Songs such as "Carteru' Pantelimon" (The Pantelimon Neighbourhood), "Tine-o Tot Asa" (Keep It Up), "Anturaju'" (The Entourage) and "Mahoarcă" (Weed) depict the life of low-income inner-city youths in Romania and some of their views and opinions about the contemporary society. "A Fost Odată-n Cartiere" ("Once Upon a Time in The Neighbourhood", named significantly after Ice Cube's song) serves as a short biography of the group, while "Cât A Trăit" (While He Lived) explores opioid use disorders through a narrative account of the heroin-related descent into addiction and consequent death of a close friend of group member Uzzi.
The album's title track roughly translates to "In The Projects" and its lyrics depict the life in the working class inner city neighborhoods in Bucharest specifically and in Romania in general. The group shot its first official music video for the song, which was released as a single in January, 2000. Even though they had already appeared in the "Lumea e a mea" (The World Is Mine) video two years earlier, the group regards "După blocuri" as their first video as "Lumea e a mea" (The World Is Mine) was a single released by Romanian dance artist Loredana Groza.
Track listing
All song titles, notes, samples, writing and production credits are according to the album booklet.
Lyrics by Tataee, Caddy, Uzzi, Mari, Co-G and Puya
Personnel
B.U.G. Mafia - executive producer
Vlad "Tataee" Irimia - performer/producer/mixer
Dragoş "Daddy Caddy" Vlad-Neagu - performer
Alin "Uzzi" Demeter - performer
Marian "Mari" Codreanu - performer
Gabriel "Co-G" Codreanu - performer
Dragoş "Puya" Gardescu - performer
Luchian - performer
Greu' - additional vocals
Țeavă - performer and additional vocals
Cătălin - performer and additional vocals
Pleșa - performer and additional vocals
Laura Mesescu - performer and additional vocals
Roxana Andronescu - performer and additional vocals
Nicoleta "Nico" Matei - performer
Rudolf Bloch - flute
Cristi Andrei - guitars
Viorel Sîrbu - bass guitar
Camil Beldeanu - keyboards
Cristi Dobrică - mix engineer/masterer
Cornel Lazia - photographer
Alin Surdu - designer
References
External links
După blocuri at Discogs
2000 albums
B.U.G. Mafia albums |
19130498 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishi-Sakawa%20Station | Nishi-Sakawa Station | is a passenger railway station located in the town of Sakawa, Takaoka District, Kōchi Prefecture, Japan. It is operated by JR Shikoku and has the station number "K12".
Lines
The station is served by JR Shikoku's Dosan Line and is located 152.4 km from the beginning of the line at .
Layout
The station consists of a side platform and an island platform serving three tracks. A station building, which is unstaffed, serves as a waiting room. A footbridge connects to the island platform. A siding juts partially into the other side of the side platform.
Adjacent stations
|-
History
The station opened on 30 March 1924 when the then Kōchi Line (later renamed the Dosan Line) was constructed from to . At this time the station was operated by Japanese Government Railways, later becoming Japanese National Railways (JNR). With the privatization of JNR on 1 April 1987, control of the station passed to JR Shikoku.
The station became unstaffed on 1 September 2010 when JR Shikoku closed its ticket counter. In 2016, JR Shikoku handed the station building over to the Sakawa Town authorities who renovated it. On 23 February 2017, the , a body which promotes tourism in the Niyodogawa river valley, moved its offices into the station building and also set up a tourist information centre there.
Surrounding area
Kochi Prefectural Sagawa High School
Sagawa Municipal Sagawa Elementary School
See also
List of Railway Stations in Japan
References
External links
JR Shikoku timetable
Railway stations in Kōchi Prefecture
Railway stations in Japan opened in 1924
Sakawa, Kōchi |
32022676 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frigidaire%20Building | Frigidaire Building | The Frigidaire Building or Templeton Building is a building in southeast Portland, Oregon listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The building was designed by William C. Knighton and Leslie D. Howell and completed in 1929 for O.E. (Oscar) Heintz and occupied by Frigidaire until 1934. When prohibition was repealed in 1933, the Oregon Liquor Control Commission was created through Oregon's Knox Bill. OLCC occupied the building once Frigidare left. Later it was occupied by R.J. Templeton, an auto parts distributor.
The building was purchased by Artiste Lofts LLC in 2004 for $800,000. It had been previously owned by Joanne Ferrero. Later, the building contained Disjecta.
As of 2020 the building contains OMFGCO, a creative agency who placed a very visible quote on the building stating "Long live the wildcards, misfits & dabblers".
Further reading
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Southeast Portland, Oregon
References
1929 establishments in Oregon
Buckman, Portland, Oregon
General Motors facilities
Industrial buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Portland, Oregon
Industrial buildings completed in 1929
Portland Eastside MPS
Portland Historic Landmarks |
15862431 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Cajamarca | Roman Catholic Diocese of Cajamarca | The Diocese of Cajamarca () is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Catholic Church located in the city of Cajamarca, Peru. It is a suffragan diocese in the ecclesiastical province of the metropolitan Archdiocese of Trujillo.
History
April 5, 1908: Established as Diocese of Cajamarca from the Diocese of Chachapoyas and Diocese of Trujillo
Leadership
Bishops of Cajamarca, in reverse chronological order
Bishop Isaac-C. Martínez Chuquizana, M.S.A. (2021.10.23 – present)
Bishop José Carmelo Martínez Lázaro, O.A.R. (2004.10.12 – 2021.10.23)
Bishop Ángel Francisco Simón Piorno (1995.03.18 – 2004.02.04), appointed Bishop of Chimbote
Archbishop Matias Patrício de Macêdo (1990.07.12 – 2000.07.12)
Bishop José Antonio Dammert Bellido (1962.03.19 – 1992.12.01)
Bishop Nemesio Rivera Meza (1960.01.28 – 1961.07.08)
Bishop Pablo Ramírez Taboado, SS.CC. (1947.09.05 – 1960.01.28), appointed Bishop of Huacho
Bishop Teodosio Moreno Quintana (1940.12.15 – 1947.06.27), appointed Bishop of Huánuco
Bishop Giovanni Giuseppe Guillén y Salazar, C.M. (1933.12.21 – 1937.09.16)
Bishop Antonio Rafael Villanueva, O.F.M. (1928 – 1933.08.02)
Bishop Francesco di Paolo Grozo (1910.03.21 – 1928)
See also
Roman Catholicism in Peru
Sources
GCatholic.org
Catholic Hierarchy
Roman Catholic dioceses in Peru
Roman Catholic Ecclesiastical Province of Trujillo
Christian organizations established in 1908
Cajamarca Region
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century
Cajamarca
1908 establishments in Peru |
20908504 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Spengler%20Cup | 2003 Spengler Cup | The 2003 Spengler Cup was held in Davos, Switzerland from December 26 to December 31, 2003. All matches were played at host HC Davos's home Eisstadion Davos. The final was won 7-4 by Team Canada over host HC Davos.
Teams participating
Team Canada
HC Davos (host)
Krefeld Pinguine
Jokerit
Lokomotiv Yaroslavl
Tournament
Round-Robin results
All times local (CET/UTC +1)
Finals
External links
Spenglercup.ch
2003–04
2003–04 in Swiss ice hockey
2003–04 in Russian ice hockey
2003–04 in Canadian ice hockey
2003–04 in Finnish ice hockey
2003–04 in German ice hockey
December 2003 sports events in Europe |
607156 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barefoot%20in%20the%20Park | Barefoot in the Park | Barefoot in the Park is a romantic comedy by Neil Simon. The play premiered on Broadway in 1963, starring Robert Redford and Elizabeth Ashley. It was made into a film in 1967, which starred Redford and Jane Fonda.
Productions
Barefoot in the Park had a pre-Broadway production under the title Nobody Loves Me at the Bucks County Playhouse in New Hope, PA.
The play opened on Broadway at the Biltmore Theatre on October 23, 1963, and closed on June 25, 1967, after 1,530 performances. It was Neil Simon's longest-running hit, and the tenth-longest running non-musical play in Broadway history. The cast included Elizabeth Ashley (Corie), Robert Redford (Paul), Mildred Natwick (Mrs. Banks), and Kurt Kasznar (Victor Velasco); the director was Mike Nichols. Scenic design was by Oliver Smith, costumes by Donald Brooks, and lighting by Jean Rosenthal. The play was nominated for four 1964 Tony Awards, with Nichols winning the award for Best Direction of a Play.
Myrna Loy starred as Mrs. Banks opposite Joan Van Ark as Corie and Richard Benjamin as Paul in the national tour during the time the play was still on Broadway. Virginia Mayo and Margaret O'Brien co-starred in a 1968 national tour of the play. Beginning in 1978, Dorothy Lamour spent three years playing Mrs. Banks in dinner theatres around the country.
A revival opened on Broadway at the Cort Theater on February 16, 2006, and closed on May 21, 2006, after 109 performances. The cast included Amanda Peet (Corie), Patrick Wilson (Paul), Jill Clayburgh (Mrs. Banks), and Tony Roberts (Victor). The revival was directed by Scott Elliott.
A revival production toured the United Kingdom in 2012. The cast included Maureen Lipman, Faye Castelow, Dominic Tighe, and Oliver Cotton. The play was directed by Lipman in partnership with Peter Cregeen.
Plot
Corie and Paul Bratter are a newlywed couple. For their first home, they live in an apartment on the top floor of a brownstone in New York City. Corie is optimistic about their future together, while Paul, the more anxious and grounded half of the couple, worries about the various flaws in the apartment, such as a hole in the skylight, their leaky closet, and the lack of a bathtub. Shortly after moving in, Corie attempts to set her mother up with their eccentric neighbor Mr. Velasco. During the course of four days, the couple learns to live together while facing the usual daily ups-and-downs. Corie wants Paul to become more easy-going: for example, to run "barefoot in the park".
Critical reception
According to theatre historian Jordan Schildcrout, "Most critics noted that Barefoot in the Park has 'a dime-a-dozen premise [and] virtually no plot' (Variety) and 'is about nothing at all' (Herald Tribune). But they also praised Simon as a 'highly skilled professional writer' (New York Times) who used this simple dramatic situation to create 'one of the funniest comedies ever' (Life)." Some critics credited director Mike Nichols for making the play "consistently funnier than its modest dialogue seemed to entitle it to be" (New York Times). On the basis of strong reviews and even stronger word of mouth, the Broadway production became a sold-out hit, causing the Biltmore Theatre to double the number of staff in its box-office to deal with the demand for tickets.
Adaptations
Simon adapted his play for a 1967 feature film, starring Robert Redford, Jane Fonda, Mildred Natwick and Charles Boyer, with Gene Saks, director.
A television series based on the play began on ABC in September 1970. It was an African American situation comedy which ran for twelve weeks. The show featured Scoey Mitchell and Tracy Reed as a "young middle-class couple living in a New York City apartment and struggling through the first years of marriage." This was one of two television series based on Neil Simon plays to debut on the network that month, the other being The Odd Couple.
A production of Barefoot in the Park ran at the Moore Theater in Seattle for one week in late 1981; it was taped for a made-for-TV movie by HBO. The play—and movie—starred Richard Thomas as Paul, Bess Armstrong as Corie, Barbara Barrie as Mrs. Banks, and Hans Conried as Velasco. It was initially telecast in March 1982. The reviewer for UPI wrote: "Richard Thomas—light years removed from the John Boy image of his youth—is superb as Paul Bratter, the buttoned-down young lawyer struggling to come to terms with the elfin free spirit with whom he finds himself honeymooning. Bess Armstrong glows in the role of his wife, Corie, but Barbara Barrie virtually walks away with the show as her bemused mother."
References
External links
1963 plays
Broadway plays
American plays adapted into films
Plays by Neil Simon
Plays set in New York City |
74651971 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirsty%20Cameron | Kirsty Cameron | Kirsty Cameron is a New Zealand costume designer, production designer, writer, and film director.
Cameron's mother, Nanette Cameron, is an interior design tutor. Cameron grew up in suburban Auckland, where she still lives, and has a fine arts degree from Elam School of Fine Arts at the University of Auckland. Her interest in clothes and fashion led her to open a shop in 1983 called Vicious Fix on K Road in Auckland. This early business endeavor was accompanied by explorations in video and installation art forms, along with co-founding an artist-run gallery called Teststrip. She was also styling for a local magazine and working with stills photographers before her film career began.
Professional work
Cameron has worked in film, television, and theatre, designing, writing, and directing for her own as well as others' projects.
She has said that working on "performative works" is "creatively challenging in quite a different way" from cinema. "In cinema, I am used to thinking about character and clothing with intimacy and detail, imagined and edited through the lens of a camera," whereas working with an ensemble cast on stage "requires a more graphic, big-picture way of thinking."
Cameron notes that both Niki Caro and Jane Campion encouraged her "to bring my own sensibility and [to] trust my own instinct." For Campion's The Power of the Dog (2022), she took much of her inspiration from the script and the book, where she found "much mention of clothing" relevant to "construction of self" for several characters. For example, Cameron notes that Thomas Savage's eponymous novel notes that Rose, the female protagonist played by Kirsten Dunst, in the face of her changing circumstance, "began to look on clothes as costumes, disguises, to hide the useless and frightened self she was becoming.”
Film and television
Cameron's film career began in the early 1990s as collaborations with Niki Caro and Cushla Dillon. After working on Footage, a documentary by Caro, she worked on two Montana Sunday Theatre dramas (a form of "quality TV" similar to Masterpiece Theatre in the United States) that aired nationally on TVNZ. One of these dramas features Cliff Curtis in an early screen role. Cameron's first work on a feature film was also Caro's first feature, Memory and Desire (1998), which involved shooting in Tokyo as well as New Zealand.
Her work on Harry Sinclair's The Price of Milk (2000) generated an iconic image used repeatedly by the New Zealand Film Commission for publicity reels about NZ cinema showing Danielle Cormack wandering the green hills of dairy country in the Waikato trailing a long red sari. She has also worked with writer/director Fiona Samuel on Piece of My Heart (2009) for television.
Cameron's first experience as a film director, Behind Me Is Black (1999), a "memory film" that she co-created with Cushla Dillon, played at the 1999 NZ International Film Festival. She has written and directed the experimental film The Swarm (2005); Cross My Heart (2006; also producer), which played in the NZIFF's "Homegrown" program of locally produced shorts; and The Lethal Innocents (2007), which was invited to screen at festivals abroad as well as at home. For television, she directed and wrote Swansong (2012). She has also directed All This Time (2003), a music video, and edited the short film Behind Me Is Black (1999).
Awards and nominations
Cameron's first nominations came for Channelling Baby (1999; Christine Parker) and Rain (2001; directed by Christine Jeffs). She has won two New Zealand Film and TV Awards, the first in 2003 for Whale Rider (2002; Niki Caro), and the second in 2008 for Perfect Creature (2007; Glenn Standring).{cn}} She has been nominated for other NZ Film and TV awards for costume design--In My Father's Den (2004; Brad McGann), The Strength of Water (2009; Armagan Ballantyne), and Love Birds (2011; Paul Murphy)--and for production design on The Weight of Elephants (2013; Daniel Borgman). In 2012, during a hiatus for the official NZ Film and TV Awards, she received a Best Costume Design award for The Orator (2011; Tusi Tamasese) from the Sorta Unofficial New Zealand Film Awards. In 2018 she received a WIFT NZ nomination for Achievement in Film for her work on Jean (2016; Rob Sarkies), a television biopic about Jean Batten, a pioneering airplane pilot, and The Rehearsal (2016: Alison Maclean), a film based on Eleanor Catton's first novel.
Cameron's costume designs for Jane Campion's The Power of the Dog (2022) garnered her international nominations for a Satellite Award and a CinEuphoria Award. Oddly, this was the second western starring Kodi Smit-McPhee filmed in New Zealand that Cameron worked on, as she also was costume designer for Slow West (2015; John Maclean), which itself was also a directorial debut. Cameron has said that "having worked with Kodi [Smit-McPhee] before" gave her confidence in choices she made for costuming him for The Power of the Dog; "I knew he could pull this off. ... The simplicity of his costume leaves room for the mystery of his character."
Theatre
Cameron's experience designing costumes for theatre began at the Auckland Theatre Company, with a 2010 production of Harold Pinter's The Lover.
She has also designed costumes for dancer/choreographer Douglas Wright MNZM.
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
New Zealand costume designers
New Zealand film directors
21st-century New Zealand women writers
University of Auckland alumni
Elam Art School alumni
Cinema of New Zealand
Production designers
New Zealand screenwriters
New Zealand women screenwriters
New Zealand women television writers |
3648093 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%E2%80%9306%20Belgian%20First%20Division | 2005–06 Belgian First Division | The 2005–06 season of the Belgian Jupiler League began on August 5, 2005 and ended on May 5, 2006. Anderlecht won the title on the last day of competition.
Promoted teams
These teams were promoted from the second division at the start of the season:
S.V. Zulte-Waregem (second division champion)
K.S.V. Roeselare (playoff winner)
Relegated teams
This team was relegated to the second division at the end of the season:
R.A.A. Louviéroise
Final league table
Relegation/Promotion play-off
Results
Top goal scorers
See also
2005–06 in Belgian football
References
Sport.be website
Belgian Pro League seasons
Belgian
1 |
17236758 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rod%20Strachan | Rod Strachan | Rodney Strachan (born October 16, 1955) is an American former competition swimmer and Olympic champion. He competed at the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, where he received a gold medal in the 400-meter individual medley event. He received a silver medal in the same event at the 1973 World Aquatics Championships in Belgrade.
Strachan held the long course world record in the 400-meter individual medley (4:23.68) from July 1976 to August 1978.
Before attending USC, Strachan was a standout swimmer at Foothill High School in Tustin, California.
See also
List of Olympic medalists in swimming (men)
List of World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming (men)
World record progression 400 metres individual medley
References
External links
1955 births
Living people
American male medley swimmers
World record setters in swimming
Olympic gold medalists for the United States in swimming
Swimmers from Santa Monica, California
Swimmers at the 1976 Summer Olympics
USC Trojans men's swimmers
World Aquatics Championships medalists in swimming
Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics
20th-century American people |
68129212 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tierra%20Incognita | Tierra Incognita | Tierra Incognita () is a Argentinian mystery-horror streaming television series for children and adolescents, which is produced by Non Stop for the Walt Disney Company. The eight-episode first season was released globally on Disney+ on September 8, 2022.
Plot
Eight years ago, Eric Dalaras' parents mysteriously disappeared without a trace. The teenager is determined to solve his parents' disappearance and enters a scary world. After their parents disappear, Eric and his sister Uma grow up with their maternal grandparents. Eric decides to leave there to search for answers in the town of Cabo Qwert, where he lived as a child. For there is also the abandoned amusement park Tierra Incógnita, where his parents were last stratified. With the help of his friends, his sister and his aunt, Eric must overcome his fears to solve the riddle that leads to the answer to the question that most concerns him. But the truth lies hidden in a cosmos as dark as it is unexplored.
EPISODE 1
Eric receives a video message; ghost hunters exploring Tierra Incognita amusement park see a ghostly hand create a circle on their frosty windshield. Eric runs away from his grandparents under the guise of a school camping trip, instead he returns to Cape Qwert hoping to solve the mystery of what happened to his parents. Meanwhile, his Aunt in Cape Qwert shows tourists ancient cave drawings by the beach. However, the tourists want to go to the haunted amusement park instead of looking at the cave drawings, entry into the amusement park is forbidden. Eric returning to Cape Qwert, meets up with his childhood friend and they start to explore the amusement park, Tierra Incognita. Eric's friend, Pablo explains to Eric the night of the lights when his parents disappeared. Despite Pablo's warning, Eric rushes to the Labyrinth ride where the ghost hunters explored in their video post. Once inside, Eric sees a statue like version of his mother however Pablo rushes through the exit of the ride to pull Eric from the hallucination. Once outside Pablo explains it is only safe to enter thru the exit of rides and that it was not Eric's mother but the park playing tricks.
Cast
Pedro Maurizi as Eric Dalaras
Mora Fisz as Uma
Tomás Kirzner as Axel
Carla Pandolfi as Carmen
Verónica Intile as Julia
Ezequiel Rodríguez as Roberto
Osmar Núñez as Santiago
Silvia Kutika as Aurora
Thomas Lepera as Pablo
Azucena Zhou as Lila
Lautaro Delgado Tymruk as Daniel
Valentina González as Sabrina
Fernando Malfitano as Javier
Joaquín Ochoa as Agustín
Martín Armendáriz as Guillermo
Sebastián Sinnot as Federico
Episodes
References
External links
2020s mystery television series
2020s horror television series
Television shows filmed in Argentina
Spanish-language television shows
Disney+ original programming
2022 Argentine television series debuts
Television episodes set in amusement parks |
54211278 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alastor%20mandibularis | Alastor mandibularis | Alastor mandibularis is a species of wasp in the family Vespidae.
References
mandibularis |
41838088 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golos%20%28newspaper%29 | Golos (newspaper) | Golos (, Voice) was a Russian political and literary newspaper, edited and published in Saint Petersburg in 1863-1885 by Andrey Krayevsky. One of the most successful Russian newspapers of the 19th century (its circulation in 1877 reached 22,630 and was rising), Golos supported the liberal capitalist reforms in Russia. In its first five years the newspaper received 11 official warnings and 3 bans, one of which resulted in a six-month gap. The newspaper's major contributors were Vasily Bilbasov (since 1871 its editor-in-chief), Alexey Pleshcheyev, Nikolai Albertini, Vladimir Bezobrazov, Vasily Modestov, Evgeny Markov, Pyotr Yefremov, Lev Panyutin, Grigory Gradovsky, Alexander Gradovsky, Vladimir Zotov, Pyotr Nechayev, Arseny Vvedensky, Leonid Polonsky and Feofil Tolstoy among others.
References
Newspapers published in Russia
Newspapers established in 1863
Russian-language newspapers
1863 establishments in the Russian Empire |
23621923 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haploceros | Haploceros | Haploceros is a genus of moths in the family Geometridae.
References
Geometridae |
33136379 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Das%20feuerrote%20Spielmobil | Das feuerrote Spielmobil | Das feuerrote Spielmobil was a German television children's television series, broadcast from April 21, 1972, to July 12, 1981. A total of 184 episodes of the series produced by Bayerischer Rundfunk (BR) were broadcast in the afternoon program of ARD. The concept of the series was developed and produced from 1969 as a successor of the children's series "Spielschule" and shot in Munich, because the BR managers considered, that the social situation in Germany was not correctly represented by Sesamstraße and therefore needed a replacement program.
In the show a red minibus, equipped as a camera car, drove across the country and showed encounters with people and their stories.
At the beginning of the series the Spielmobil was an Opel Blitz. The aim of the series was to stimulate the imagination of the audience and to teach social interaction. In the first five episodes the two dolls Maxifant and Minifant played in the series, which then got their own series, because the production partners separated. Instead, the puppets Biff and Wuff (designed by Jan Gulbransson) and the animated character Wummi were used.
During the episodes several fairy tales were recounted, especially Grimms' fairy tales such as Little Red Riding Hood, Doctor Know-All, or The Brave Little Tailor. In addition, stories with Felix (Uwe Falkenbach) and brother Tom (Erich Schleyer), of which 25 episodes appeared on DVD, the thin Mr. Schwarz (Josef Schwarz) and the fat Mr. Kern (Peter Kern) as well as with the dream car. The best-known season within the series was "Das Haus mit der Nr. 30" (The House with the No. 30) that was on air from 1977 to 1979 with 41 episodes.
Other well-known contributors from the theater and cabaret scene were, Jörg Hube, Anja Franke, Michael Habeck, Frithjof Vierock, and Marion Kracht.
A technical innovation in television at the time was, that the graphical representation of the fairy tales, e.g. Doctor Know-All, The Blue Light, The Brave Little Tailor, or The Old Sultan was designed with the bluescreen technique. Further episodes ran under the title Geschichten mit Philipp Sonntag und seinem Traummobil, Kern und Schwarz, Felix und Bruder Tom.
In spring of 2009, the German Opel Museum acquired the original car (an Opel Blitz, year of construction: 1962) of the first season, which remained almost unchanged, from its last owner. His brother had bought the Spielmobil from the BR in the early 1980s and took it to Namibia in the course of the emigration to Otjiwarongo.
See also
List of German television series
References
External links
1972 German television series debuts
1981 German television series endings
German children's television series
German-language television shows
Das Erste original programming |
43617156 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brisbane%20Handball%20Club | Brisbane Handball Club | The Brisbane Handball Club is a handball club based in the eastern suburbs of Brisbane, Australia.
The club is affiliated with Handball Queensland, plays in the Brisbane Handball League, and hosts a league for juniors (children aged 8-15).
The club offers handball programs for children and adults across all skill levels. Membership is available for a school term (10 weeks), half a year, full year. The club operates year-round. The senior club is located at Nissan Arena and the junior club is located at Balmoral State High School.
See also
Queensland Handball League
Australian Handball Club Championship
References
External links
Sports clubs and teams in Brisbane
Handball clubs in Australia |
49415531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Stimulators | The Stimulators | The Stimulators were an American punk rock band from New York City. Although they have a limited discography, they are notable for being consistently cited as an important transitional band between the late-1970s New York City punk rock scene and New York hardcore, and for being the musical entry point for future Cro-Mags founder Harley Flanagan.
History
Denise Mercedes grew up in Manhattan and Queens, New York City, raised by a longshoreman father who played flute and piano. Teaching herself to play guitar, she became infatuated with punk rock after having seen the Damned play their first New York City show at CBGB. Denise attended the gig with a friend who worked for Stiff Records and has recalled of the event "literally the second they started to play, my life changed." She elaborated that punk rock made creativity and attitude more important than "being able to play like Jimi Hendrix."
Determining that her local punk rock scene was beginning to age and soften ("there was a pause" in the vitality of NYC's punk landscape, Mercedes remembers), and after a tryout as a guitarist for a side-project of the Damned's Rat Scabies didn't pan out, Mercedes set out to form her own band called the Stimulators, named after a piece of equipment used in acupuncture.
Denise booked live dates for her band before she had a singer. She resolved this discrepancy by visiting Max's Kansas City and asking an attractive patron at the bar, Patrick Mack, whether he had experience singing, and whether he would like to be in a band, to which his answers were "no" and "yes" respectively. Mack, inspired by Iggy Pop, would go on to be noted as a wild, flamboyant, front man. Mack would also become the band's lyricist. Adding bassist Anne Gustavsson (later replaced by Nick Marden), the last step was procuring a drummer.
Drum tryouts with 1970s punk notables Johnny Blitz and Jerry Nolan failed to fill the vacant position, so Denise turned to her 11 year old nephew. Harley Flanagan had been raised in a Bohemian, rock 'n' roll environment. He had a book of poetry entitled Stories & Illustrations by Harley (Charlatan Press), with a foreword written by family friend Allen Ginsberg, published when he was nine. His mother was acquainted with members of the Velvet Underground/New York Dolls-era New York Rock scene, and Harley had frequently accompanied his aunt Denise to CBGB and Max's Kansas City. He proved to be an energetic and capable drummer.
The Stimulators, whose eclectic original lineup, now complete, featured two women, a homosexual man, and a child, began to attract a following from young city music fans that were still drawn to the initial spirit of punk rock from which the original CBGB bands had largely distanced themselves. Fanzine editor Jack Rabid, who was a regular at punk shows at Max's Kansas City, noticed for the first time many young overtly punk-looking and behaving attendees at the establishment, at Stimulators gigs. This gave him comfort as nearly 30 year old neighbor Richard Hell would tease him when seeing his own punk outfits, declaring that it "was over". Rabid would in 1980 publish the first issue of The Big Takeover, named after a Bad Brains song. The periodical originally focused on The Stimulators, but is published to this day covering punk rock generally.
The Stimulators played regularly at city rock venues, including CBGB, Irving Plaza, Paradise Garage, Tier 3, Danceteria, A7, and Max's Kansas City, and also toured both nationally, and in Ireland. They shared bills with bands like Madness, Stiff Little Fingers, the Cramps, Bad Brains, James Chance & the Contortions, Teenage Jesus & the Jerks, the B-52's, Richard Hell, Pure Hell, the Blessed, the Mad, Suicide, The Rattlers, The Necros, and The Circle Jerks. In 1980 they recorded the single "loud, fast, rules!", and in 1982 released a live album of the same name, recorded live in Raleigh, North Carolina. The phrase "loud, fast, rules!" came from bassist Nick Marden (who like Flannagan, had been around rock music from early childhood, his aunt Joan Baez having taken him to Monterey Pop when he was 8). Marden wrote the phrase on the back of his punk leather jacket, surrounded by band names, and when noticed by his bandmates, was used as a title for a song Mercedes and Mack had already written. The title became something of a punk rock catchphrase in its time.
Patrick Mack died in 1983 of complications associated with AIDS, ending the Stimulators' run.
Mercedes, Flanagan, and Marden have played reunion shows with the latter on vocals, notably opening for their old friends the Bad Brains on October 11, 2006, one of the last ever shows at CBGB. Mercedes and Marden recorded a song called "song about murder", which is about Hilly Kristal and CBGB, and references events in the Stimulators' heyday. The duo continue to collaborate on projects, but Mercedes has stated are unlikely to revive the Stimulators moniker: "that happened... you can't go home again."
In 2018, Mercedes teamed up with Marden and former singer of the iconic 1960s girl group The Crystals, LaLa Brooks to work on a new project called Dae Lilies.
Mercedes has been a feature writer for the entertainment site Music Realms since 2016.
Denise has been the lead guitarist of an all-girl Mötley Crüe tribute band called Girls Girls Girls since 2006 and is still actively playing with the band.
Musical style
In his review of the Stimulators' only album, a reviewer from AllMusic noted that the music "exist(s) in the gray area between two eras of punk rock... the latter days of New York Punk's first wave (...and) the more manic and aggressive hardcore style". It was the reviewer's opinion that Patrick Mack's vocals were better suited for the former. He also noted that Denise Mercedes had "guitar heroine" ambition, playing flashier solos than are typical in punk rock. He acknowledged the band's reputation as "one of the better bands on the early-'80s New York scene", but lamented that, in his opinion, the recording did not capture this adequately.
Undead/Misfits/Whorelords guitarist Bobby Steele claims that Mercedes was one of the best ever punk guitarists, and one of the few true lead guitarists in the genre (this ability is also displayed in her more recent work in heavy metal tribute bands). Steele also asserts that the Stimulators were a formidable live act, and states that their recorded legacy does not reflect this.
Legacy
In his book American Hardcore: A Tribal History, scene historian Steven Blush stated that the "Stimulators triggered the rise of NYHC. In 1980-1981, 50 or so ragtag kids attended their shows at Max's, CBs, or TR3, but those kids formed the roots of the NYHC scene." Blush also noted that the Stimulators befriended Washington D.C.'s Bad Brains, who proceeded to make NYC their second home, another hugely influential development in the history of NYHC. The two bands would be featured in cassette-only label ROIR's 3rd (Stimulators) and 4th ever releases. Both are featured on that label's compilation New York Thrash, considered a quintessential document of early east-coast hardcore punk.
Blush's observations were seconded by numerous NYHC notables, as interviewed in the oral history book NYHC by Tony Rettman (Bazillion Points). Paul Cripple of Reagan Youth testified that "in all honesty, Denise Mercedes, the guitarist of the Stimulators, was the catalyst for New York Hardcore". Doug Holland of Kraut and Cro-Mags added that "I can tell you 10 dudes off the top of my head who have thriving punk bands today because they went to see the Stimulators." Artist Sean Taggart, who got his start designing album covers for hardcore artists, compared The Stimulators' transitional role between scenes in NYC to what the Germs accomplished for the Los Angeles area punk scene(s). Jesse Malin of Heart Attack and D Generation noted that the presence of the adolescent Harley Flannagan in the band was a seminal influence on the underaged future hardcore set. Word got around that one of their peers was playing in the band, and by hook or crook they would attend. Malin suggests this may have been an influence on the all-ages shows that became a characteristic of hardcore punk.
Harley Flanagan returned from the Stimulators' 1980 Ireland tour with a shaved head and a skinhead identity, which proved influential to what became the New York Hardcore scene of the 1980s. Harley came up with the name Cro-Mags while still playing in the Stimulators and founded the band in 1982/83 when he wrote, played all instruments, sang and recorded the first Cro-Mags demos re-released by MVD 2018. Along with peers such as Vinnie Stigma and Jimmy Gestapo, Harley would go on to be one of the leading figures of the internationally notable 1980s New York hardcore scene. The first live performance for an embryonic form of Cro-Mags, with a lineup featuring Harley (under the name "Disco Smoothie") on bass, and members of Even Worse and Crucial Truth, took place at the Peppermint Lounge in 1980, opening for the Stimulators.
Denise Mercedes may have had some specific impact as well. Bobby Steele asserts that her instrumental lead intro parts may have influenced the likes of her friends in the Damned. She has occasionally been cited as a notable punk rock female and punk rock Hispanic. She has continued to play guitar, for all-female heavy metal cover bands such as the Black Sabbath-themed Bible Black, and as Mercedes Mars in the Mötley Crüe tribute Girls Girls Girls.
Former band members
Denise Mercedes – guitar
Patrick Mack – vocals
Anne Gustavsson – bass
Nick Marden – bass
Harley Flanagan – drums
Discography
Albums
Singles
Compilations
References
External links
Musical groups from New York City
Punk rock groups from New York (state) |
32783812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farm%20Neck%20Golf%20Club | Farm Neck Golf Club | Farm Neck Golf Club is a semi-private golf club located in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts on the island of Martha's Vineyard. The course was designed in 1979 by Geoffrey Cornish, Bill Robinson, and Patrick Mulligan. Farm Neck has been one of the top-ranked courses in the northeast United States and has consistently been ranked 4.5 out of 5 stars in Golf Digest's "Best Places to Play". Originally starting out as only 9 holes, the course eventually expanded into the 18-hole course that it is today. Noted for the beauty of its topography, it has been cited as the best public golf course in New England. The course received media attention when President Bill Clinton played there while on vacation in 1993, and again when President Barack Obama played a round of golf there while vacationing in August 2009. In addition, the clubhouse now has a cafe serving breakfast, lunch, and dinner as well as tennis courts.
Layout
Farm Neck Golf Club contains an 18-hole course and a driving range. All yardage is assumed to be from the gold tees.
References
Golf clubs and courses in Massachusetts
Tourist attractions in Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts
Buildings and structures in Dukes County, Massachusetts |
55503606 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langdon%20Cheek | Langdon Cheek | Landon Napoleon Cheek was an African-American Baptist missionary who served in the British Central Africa Protectorate, later renamed Nyasaland, between 1901 and 1906. There, he assisted John Chilembwe, the founder of the Providence Industrial Mission during the church's formative period. After returning to the United States, he became a Baptist pastor for almost 50 years. Cheek died in Chicago in 1964.
Early life
Landon was born in Canton, Mississippi in 1871. His parents were Frank Cheek, a former slave and later Baptist minister, and Ada, a Cherokee, and he was later described by George Simeon Mwase, a Nyasaland African, as coloured in the South African sense, or mulatto. At some point, he moved to Bridgeton, Missouri and became pastor in its Baptist church, although there is no record of what theological training he undertook or where. Cheek applied to the Foreign Missions Board of the National Baptist Convention in 1899 to be assigned as an overseas missionary. He was accepted and, after a year acquiring sufficient funds from the African-American churches interested in his work, he left New York in January 1901, arriving in Nyasaland in April.
Nyasaland
On his arrival, he joined John Chilembwe at the Providence Industrial Mission (PIM) that Chilembwe had started in 1900 in Chiradzulu district. Cheek later cooperated with Chilembwe in building its main church at Mbombwe in that district. The PIM was financially supported by the National Baptist Convention, which also sent Emma B. Delaney, who had training as a teacher and nurse, to join the mission in 1902. Both Cheek and Delaney helped Chilembwe to set up industrial-based education courses during the mission’s formative period. Both left Nyasaland in 1906, partly because the National Baptist Convention reduced financial support once PIM was established, but also as Cheek was suffering from poor health. Although Delaney undertook further missionary work in Liberia up to 1914, Cheek did not apply for another overseas missionary posting.
While in Nyasaland, Cheek married Chilembwe’s niece, Rachel Lydia Chilembwe, in 1904 and the couple had three children before leaving the protectorate, one of which died there, and had two more children in the United States. Rachel Cheek (née Chilembwe) died in the United States in 1918.
Return to USA
When Cheek left Nyasaland, he was requested by Duncan Njilima, a prominent associate of Chilembwe who was later executed after the Chilembwe uprising, to take his two sons, Frederick and Matthew, to be educated in the United States. Both of Chilembwe's sons received a high school education in the U.S. and Frederick later attended university in Kentucky, supported by the National Baptist Convention.
After his return to the United States, Cheek spent over 50 years as a pastor and raised funds for African-American missionary activities.
References
Sources
M. Bamford, A. Reed, G. Shepperson and D. Stuart-Mogg, (2013). The 1904 Registrations at the Blantyre Registrar's Office of the Marriages of Pastor John Chilembwe and the Reverend Landon Cheek. The Society of Malawi Journal, Vol. 66, No. 1, pp. 46–50.
Black Christian News Network, (2012). 100 Black Christians in History, Bushey, St Paul's Press.
S. M Jacobs, (1992). Give a thought to Africa: Black Women Missionaries in Southern Africa. Bloomington, Indiana University Press. .
G. S. Mwase (edited. R. I. Rotberg), (1970). Strike a Blow and Die: A Narrative of Race Relations in Colonial Africa with Revised Introduction. Cambridge, Harvard University Press. .
D. Stuart-Mogg, (2007). Frederick Njilima (Gresham) M.M. The Society of Malawi Journal, Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 23–30.
1871 births
1964 deaths
Nyasaland people
Malawian clergy
African-American Baptist ministers
Malawian Baptists
19th-century Baptist ministers from the United States
20th-century Baptist ministers from the United States |
15214914 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NPHP4 | NPHP4 | Nephrocystin-4 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NPHP4 gene.
This gene encodes a protein which contains a proline-rich region. The encoded protein may function in renal tubular development and function.
This protein interacts with nephrocystin. Mutations in this gene are associated with nephronophthisis type 4. Multiple alternative transcript variants have been described but their full-length nature has not been determined.
References
Further reading |
22431817 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maculosalia | Maculosalia | Maculosalia is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.
Species
Maculosalia flavicercia Chao & Liu, 1986
Maculosalia grisa Chao & Liu, 1986
Maculosalia maculosa (Villeneuve, 1909)
References
Tachinidae
Brachycera genera
Diptera of Africa
Diptera of Asia |
8353602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chico%20Maki | Chico Maki | Ronald Patrick "Chico" Maki (August 17, 1939 – August 24, 2015) was a Canadian ice hockey forward. Maki played his entire National Hockey League (NHL) career with the Chicago Black Hawks, starting in the 1960–61 NHL season, and retiring after the 1975–76 season.
Playing career
Maki played junior hockey with the St. Catharines Teepees, and was team captain when they won the 1960 Memorial Cup. He won the Dudley "Red" Garrett Memorial Award as American Hockey League (AHL) rookie of the year while playing for the Buffalo Bisons in 1961. Maki then dressed for games 1 and 2 of the 1961 Stanley Cup Finals, but did not play; Chicago still included his name on the Stanley Cup when they won it that year.
Maki became known as a skilled two-way forward, perennially in the league leaders in shorthanded goals, and played in three All-Star Games: in 1961, 1971 and 1972.
Personal life
He was the older brother of former NHL player Wayne Maki, who died of brain cancer in 1974. Maki also bought the Hillcrest Restaurant and Motel, which he later called Chico Maki's Inn. He was of Finnish descent.
Career statistics
References
External links
Picture of Chico Maki's Name on the 1961 Stanley Cup Plaque
1939 births
2015 deaths
Canadian ice hockey forwards
Chicago Blackhawks players
Ice hockey people from Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
Stanley Cup champions
Canadian people of Finnish descent |
19017280 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82ki%20Dolne | Białki Dolne | Białki Dolne is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Ułęż, within Ryki County, Lublin Voivodeship, in eastern Poland. It lies approximately west of Ułęż, east of Ryki, and north-west of the regional capital Lublin.
References
Villages in Ryki County |
23236755 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuff%20You%20Should%20Know | Stuff You Should Know | Stuff You Should Know, often abbreviated as SYSK, is a podcast and video series published by iHeartRadio and hosted by Josh Clark and Charles W. "Chuck" Bryant. The podcast, which releases episodes several times a week, educates listeners on a wide variety of topics, often using popular culture as a reference, giving the podcast comedic value.
Since debuting in 2008, the podcast is consistently ranked in the Top 10 on iTunes and is one of the most popular podcasts in the world, being downloaded millions of times each month. On October 3, 2018, the podcast started releasing additional short episodes titled Short Stuff, where they cover topics that don't warrant the length of a full episode. A number of other types of media, including a TV show and books, have been spun off by the podcast.
Josh & Chuck
Stuff You Should Know is hosted by two podcasters who first met while working as senior editors at HowStuffWorks.com, Josh Clark and Charles Wayne "Chuck" Bryant.
Clark was a host of the show since the beginning, and before Bryant took over the co-hosting duties Clark was joined by several other editors. The chemistry between the two was immediately apparent, and Bryant became a permanent co-host. Bryant started working at HowStuffWorks about a month after Clark. They had desks kitty-corner across from each other and would often pop up to share their research. They became good friends within a week.
Josh M. Clark
Josh Malcolm Clark was born July 15, 1976. He grew up in Toledo, Ohio and was raised Catholic, attending a Catholic school. He studied at the University of Georgia, but left with six classes left to start a newspaper.
He moved to Marietta, Georgia as a teenager. Clark's father's name is Mal, an HVAC engineer. He had a sister named Karen, who died in 1992 in a car accident when Josh was 16 years old, and two brothers-in-law, one of whom is also named Josh. In 2010 Clark lived with his then-girlfriend Umi (who is six months younger than him) in midtown Atlanta; he proposed on August 13, 2011 and the couple has since married. The couple parents a small dog named Momo.
He is a former smoker, drinks a lot of coffee, and is an amateur mixologist. His hero is Muhammad Yunus. His favorite books include 1491 and 1493 by Charles C. Mann which he frequently quotes and/or references in the SYSK podcast. Josh is also a fan of The Simpsons, Firefly, Dollywood, Quentin Tarantino and shares an affinity with his cohost Bryant for the band Pavement.
He attended Sprayberry High School and studied history and anthropology at the University of Georgia. As a youth interested in the paranormal, he wanted to study parapsychology at Duke University. Also as a child, he was an avid reader of Uncle John's Bathroom Reader, as mentioned in many podcasts, and he jokingly cites Uncle John's Bathroom Reader as the source of the majority of his knowledge. This admiration was eventually reciprocated when UJBR mentioned SYSK on their website and had one of their employees feature as a guest on SYSK's Barbie doll podcast.
After college he pursued a career in journalism, working as "a cub reporter" in Henry County, Georgia, and was the founding editor of The Washboard Weekly, an "edgy tabloid" in Johnson City, Tennessee. It went out of business due to a lack of advertising. In 2022, Clark was featured as the voice actor of Wiggly Worm 2 in one episode of Bee and PuppyCat, a streaming television series.
Before joining HowStuffWorks in 2007 he was a self described factotum who held many jobs. He had a paper route, washed dogs, and held "jobs that involved shovels." Before recording his first episode in 2008, Clark had never listened to a podcast, and didn't know what one was.
Charles W. "Chuck" Bryant
Charles Wayne Bryant is always introduced on the show as Charles W. "Chuck" Bryant, but fans often refer to him as "Chuckers." Born March 15, 1971, Bryant was raised Baptist and played church league sports, although his "constant struggle with [his] religious upbringing" has been "well documented over the years."
Bryant grew up in DeKalb County, Georgia but his family lived in "rural Mississippi since the dawn of time," as well as Tennessee. Chuck is also part Choctaw Indian. He attended Redan elementary school where his father was the principal and graduated from Redan High School. He earned a bachelor's degree from the University of Georgia with a major in English. His mother, Dianne, was also a teacher. He has a brother named Scott who is three years older. His sister Michelle, who is six years older, is married to Karsten S. Heckl, a Marine Corps General. His uncle, Ed Bryant, is a former Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Tennessee. Bryant once appeared on the cover of Guideposts magazine.
Bryant attended the University of Georgia where he studied English. After college, he took classes in screenwriting at New York University's film school and then moved to Los Angeles for four years. He has also lived in New Jersey.
Bryant is married to Emilie Sennebogen, and in 2015 the couple adopted a daughter, Ruby Rose, who shares a birthday with Clark. As a self-described "crazy animal person," he has multiple pets. He plays the guitar in an "old man band," called "El Cheapo." Humorist John Hodgman is a "dear friend."
He is the author of six screenplays, including one about a Southern Baptist church called "Sweet, Sweet Spirit," but did not find success in that field. While in Los Angeles, he was a production assistant on TV commercials, a few indie movies, and music videos, which he says helped with the TV version of Stuff You Should Know. He was hired at HowStuffWorks after a friend got a job there, and submitted the first act of a screenplay as a writing sample.
Podcast
History
The podcast was launched on April 17, 2008, with Clark as the solo host. Bryant made his debut a month later on May 13, 2008. Bryant became the permanent cohost on July 15, 2008. The podcast, which was named by Clark, began as an attempt to re-purpose some of the written content on HowStuffWorks.com. Clark had never listened to a podcast before he recorded his first episode in 2008. Jesse Thorn has held the name up as a model of how a podcast should be named saying "it's like daring the listener not to listen to it."
The podcast has steadily grown in popularity since its introduction and has made appearances at events including South by Southwest and Comic-Con. On October 26, 2017, Stuff You Should Know released their 1000th episode. Several episodes have been recorded during live events, including two during their World Tour of Canada in September and October 2014. While in Canada they also participated in the Northwest Podcast Festival, at SXSW in 2011 and 2012, and New York Comic Con in 2012 where they recorded their discussion entitled "Time Travel: Science Fact or Science Fiction?"
During the 4th of July weekend in 2011, there was a Stuff You Should Know About America marathon on Sirius XM radio. It featured previous episodes, as well as a live segment with Wyatt Cenac and Hallie Haglund of The Daily Show as well as Joe Randazzo, Joe Garden and Jill Morris of The Onion. Their 420th episode was on medical marijuana, although this was reportedly a coincidence.
In 2011, the podcast added "Bonus Videos" to the podcast feed. These consist of humorous 60 second videos where Clark and Bryant converse about subjects they covered on previous podcasts while doing a variety of random activities (playing checkers, getting fitted for a suit, going to a doctor, driving through a car wash). As they speak, the scene changes repeatedly to something completely different, though their conversation continues uninterrupted as though nothing had happened. These clips have also aired during commercial slots on Science and appear on their YouTube channel.
There is one unaired episode on animal detectives that they hope will never be published. They have repeated a topic three times. They revisited the topic of Murphy's Law in 2011 after first doing it in 2008. As one of their first episodes, it was under 6 minutes in length. They also accidentally repeated a podcast on customs. The first time was in 2010 and the second was in 2016. In July 2018, they released an episode on recycling as an update on their first one, recorded over a decade ago.
On November 7, 2018, Josh Clark created a podcast called The End Of The World with Josh Clark, a 10-episode series that discusses what dangers lie in humanity's future. , their office and studio was in the Ponce City Market in Atlanta. and their studio is slightly larger than a broom closet and features "kooky" items listeners have sent in, including wedding invitations and photoshopped movie posters with Clark and Bryant's faces on them. The office has a large mural depicting the formation of an idea, a research library, and giant question mark-shaped conference table.
Format
The podcast, which was the second on HowStuffWorks, has been described as the "heart and soul of the operation," with the "well researched" episodes cover a variety topics from the fields of "science, history, urban legends, and pop culture, with the occasional conspiracy theory thrown in for good measure." Clark and Bryant have a conversation about the given topic such that, by the end, listeners have a "basic working knowledge of that subject." Clark has said they are on a "never ending quest to explain absolutely everything there is on planet earth and beyond."
Their "biggest hits" include episodes on Spam, hangovers, tipping in restaurants, cheese, Barbie, and pinball. The topics that get the greatest response from listeners include death and grieving, and episodes that received "less enthusiastic feedback" include shows on homelessness/addiction, Tourette's Syndrome, and transgender issues. Episodes are normally around 45 minutes in length, although for more in-depth topics the show occasionally runs long as an hour or more. Initial episodes were much shorter in duration, often less than 10 minutes.
One of the reasons the hosts believe the show has been so successful is that they are "definitely not experts" in the myriad subjects they explore, but are instead "just guys who enjoy research and [are] very curious." Their formula "is part self-deprecating humour, part infectious wonder and part self-discipline to go their separate ways and do all their own research and reflection before they get to the studio." They often try to surprise one another with their research, and do not have a script or a time limit before they sit down to record. Likewise, they do not rehearse beforehand.
Most episodes end with listener mail, although there is an occasional segment known as "Administrative Details." Listener mail debuted on November 25, 2008, in the episode named "How Albert Einstein's Brain Worked". On that episode, they called it "Correction Time." The first time it was known as "Listener Mail" was on January 8, 2009, an episode that was inspired by a listener's email. During the Listener Mail portion of the podcast on April 11, 2013, a new jingle for the show was introduced. It was written and recorded by Rusty Matyas of Winnipeg, Manitoba in Canada, a musician and fan. Jon Biegen, another fan who covered Matyas' band, The Sheepdogs, has produced several new jingles for the show.
The show's regular producer is Jeri "Jerome" Rowland, and she is assisted by a variety of regular guest producers, including Matt and Noel. Other staff includes Rebecca, the web producer, as well as Sherry and Joe. In 2017, there was a staff of 35.
YouTube
Stuff You Should Know also has a YouTube channel, but stopped updating it regularly in 2017. Animated shorts are released on Mondays, This Day in History videos are released on Tuesdays, and Clark's series Don't Be Dumb airs a new episode on Thursdays. In addition, the pair also offers live shorts and movie reviews.
In "Don't Be Dumb," Clark explains a topic while wearing a tweed jacket and bow tie. His posture, gestures, and stilted language are intentionally uncomfortable and awkward. Each episode ends with Clark saying: "So, next time someone tells you [subject of video], you set them straight! And tell them Josh sent you."
Internet Roundup is a new video segment filmed in the studio. Chuck and Josh highlight a couple of posts found deep in the web that they find interesting, entreating or amusing. In 2009, Clark and Bryant began a "short lived" webcast.
TV show
A full-length Stuff You Should Know TV show premiered on January 19, 2013 on the Science Channel, which was owned by Discovery Network, the then-parent company of HowStuffWorks. The show included a pilot and 10 episodes each 30 minutes in length. The series was produced by production company School of Humans.
Described as the "love child of the British version of The Office and an overheard conversation about science between two reasonably informed guys," the show was about a real podcast that is set in a fictional world. Each episode followed Josh and Chuck inside and outside the recording booth, combining the factual information of their podcast with humorous, fictional story lines that align with each podcast topic.
The show had "the attention span of a teenaged boy" and "bounces from scene to scene without explanation or sense." Focus groups at the 2012 South by Southwest screened episodes and provided feedback for the development of the show, and its pacing in particular.
The lead actress on the show was Caitlin Bitzegaio of the Upright Citizens Brigade Theatre. The shows were directed by L.C. Crowley with a theme song and score composed by The Henry Clay People, the "unofficial house band" of Stuff You Should Know. Guests on the show included John Hodgman, Sarah Silverman, Neil deGrasse Tyson, Rufus Wainwright, and Michio Kaku.
The show was canceled after the first season "due to poor ratings", although each episode is made available for purchase on iTunes and Google Play. It was the most expensive pilot episode ever produced by the Discovery Channel.
Outside activities
As with the other podcasts offered by HowStuffWorks, Stuff You Should Know has its own blog updated daily by its hosts and often featuring the same type of material found in the podcasts, often with show follow-ups. There is also both a Twitter account and Facebook page for SYSK. Clark and Bryant were the co-hosts for the Science of Cyborgs event hosted by the Science & Entertainment Exchange.
Microlending
Starting in 2009, after doing an episode on how microlending works, the show began encouraging listeners to make loans on the online microlending site Kiva. A Stuff You Should Know team had raised $150,000 by the middle of 2010, and more than $2.75 million by November 2014. In 2009 they challenged Stephen Colbert to see whose team could raise $100,000 first and they "beat the pants off of" him, reaching that goal in three months.
The lending team is now run by fan volunteers, has since consistently ranked among the top five teams in terms of both donations and users. the team ranked #7 for new users among new Kiva users, and in the "Friends" category of teams, ranked #2 for new users and amount loaned.
Books
Clark and Bryant also present two longer and more in-depth audio programs featuring interviews and portions recorded on location available for purchase as audiobooks, which are entitled The Super Stuffed Guide to the Economy and The Super Stuffed Guide to Happiness.
The two podcast hosts have also written a book with Nils Parker entitled Stuff You Should Know: An Incomplete Compendium of Mostly Interesting Things. The book was published in November 2020 and covers a wide-range of topics including; history, psychology, pop culture, and science.
Cooperative for Education
In February 2010, Clark, Bryant, and Rowland traveled to Guatemala to promote Cooperative for Education, an organization which gives textbooks to schools in Guatemala to be rented by students for a small fee that is then deposited into an account that will be used to replace old textbooks in the future. They produced a pair of podcasts on the topic.
Trivial Pursuit
On July 7, 2021, Hasbro released a special edition of Trivial Pursuit: The Stuff You Should Know Edition. The game is based on episodes from the podcast and contains categories of History, Pop Culture, Myths, Legends, & Conspiracies, Science & Tech, Humans, and SYSK Selects. These topics were chosen by hosts Josh and Chuck. Designed for 3 to 6 players, ages 16 and older, the game includes 600 questions with answers from various SYSK episodes. The game offers those stuck on questions various lifeline help such as "Stuff You Should Skip". The first player gaining each one of the 6 category tokens wins.
Reception
The show is downloaded more than 1 million times per week and is consistently on the iTunes Top 10 podcast rankings, peaking at #1. It is "one of the most downloaded podcasts on the planet." The show won the 2014 People's Voice Webby Award in the Mobile – Podcast division. and a place in Podcast Awards's Education category. At live events the demographics of the audiences are "all over the map. There are some geeks here and there, but also super cool people, and families and kids, and old people."
Entertainment Weekly chose the TV show in early February 2013 as #7 for their "The Must List: The Top 10 Things We Love This Week," writing, "Whether you're curious about bee colonies or weather control, Josh Clark and Chuck Bryant have the scoop." The podcast has been said to cover "a truly staggering range of topics."
Clark and Bryant have been described as "hosts so lovely you may just fall in love with them," and provide the show with "an everyman, conversational feel to the show — two pals sitting back and picking apart one topic after another." Several couples have been brought together because of their mutual fondness for the podcast, and one even had a Stuff You Should Know-themed wedding.
They receive over 350 pieces of fan mail a week. After two months, their Facebook page had over 10,000 likes, and as of September 2015 it had more than 750,000. One reviewer said of it: "It is never not fun to listen to."
Stuff You Should Knows "beautifully, beautifully done" production has set "the audio standard," according to podcast reviewers Pod on Pod. They added that the audio quality "could not be improved" on the NPR-level production.
The podcast won the 2016 Webby Award for "People's Voice". The podcast was the "People's Voice Winner" at the 2017 Webby Awards as well as an Honoree for "Best Host".
Awards
References
External links
Official website
SYSK blog
Link to iTunes listing
Official YouTube channel
SYSK Kiva team
Stuff You Should Know: The TV Show
2008 podcast debuts
Audio podcasts
Educational podcasts
Technology podcasts |
62409507 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnes%20Creek%20%28Uwharrie%20River%20tributary%29 | Barnes Creek (Uwharrie River tributary) | Barnes Creek is a long 3rd order tributary to the Uwharrie River, in Montgomery County, North Carolina.
Variant names
According to the Geographic Names Information System, it has also been known historically as:
Barns Creek
Course
Barnes Creek rises on the West Fork Little River divide about 2 miles southwest of Pisgah in Randolph County, North Carolina. Barnes Creek then flows southwest to meet the Uwharrie River about 1.5 miles north of Uwharrie.
Watershed
Barnes Creek drains of area, receives about 47.5 in/year of precipitation, has a topographic wetness index of 343.93 and is about 81% forested.
See also
List of rivers of North Carolina
References
Rivers of North Carolina
Rivers of Montgomery County, North Carolina
Rivers of Randolph County, North Carolina |
4901536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design%20and%20Architecture%20High%20School | Design and Architecture High School | Design and Architecture Senior High School (DASH) is a magnet secondary school in the heart of the Design District in Miami, Florida, United States. U.S. News & World Report ranked DASH as the 15th best public high school in the nation in 2009 and 16th best in 2012. Stacey Mancuso led DASH as Principal for 17 years from 1999 to 2016. The current principal is Dr. Maggie Rodriguez, who joined the school in 2022.
DASH is a part of the Miami-Dade County Public Schools district.
Awards
DASH was founded in 1990 by former principal Jacqueline Hinchey-Sipes, who coined the motto "Education by Design". Over the past 15 years DASH has earned the reputation of being one of Florida's strongest public high schools, often making Miami-Dade county's highest marks on the FCAT (Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test) exam and consistently receiving an assessment grade of A by the state. DASH has been featured in Dwell, Teen People magazine (Cool School of the Month, May 2000), and the Miami Herald. Newsweek ranked DASH as the 5th best public high school in the US for 2010. Over 95% of DASH graduates continue on to college, with most students receiving scholarships from many of the nation's top art and design programs. It was named a Blue Ribbon School of Excellence, in 1994-96, 2007 and 2016.
U.S. News World & Report 2020, DASH was ranked #3 High School in Miami-Dade County, #6 High School in Florida, #25 Magnet High School in the Nation, #72 High School in the Nation.
Curriculum
The school features programs in architecture/interior design, entertainment technology, fashion design, industrial design, and visual communications/web design. The curriculum includes a strong four-year foundation in the fine arts, internships with local design firms, and dual-enrollment college-level design courses, such as performance art, taught by professors from local colleges as well as field professionals. Students take 8 courses a year (4 core classes, 2-3 art classes, and 1-2 electives) as opposed to the regular 6-course curriculum in most other Florida high schools.
Demographics
DASH is 54% Hispanic (of any race), 28% White non-Hispanic, 14% Black, and 4% Asian.
Fashion show
DASH holds an annual student-run fashion show in which the junior and senior fashion students show their collections to the community. In 2004, the school was invited to include its show as part of Miami's Fashion Week of the Americas, the US's largest Latin American fashion event.
Notable alumni
Denzel Curry, musician, rapper (was expelled/exited, then graduated from Carol City High School, class of 2013)
Cesar Santos, artist
Esteban Cortazar (MH Esteban), fashion designer
Anslem Richardson, actor, writer
Daniel Arsham, multidisciplinary artist
Fabiola Arias, fashion designer
Charity Daw, songwriter, recording artist
Taylor Norman, juggler, descendant of King Henry I
References
External links
DASH website
DASH Alumni Association
DASH PTSA website
Magnet schools in Florida
High schools in Miami-Dade County, Florida
Public high schools in Florida
Miami-Dade County Public Schools
1990 establishments in Florida
Educational institutions established in 1990 |
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