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2443534 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Next%20friend | Next friend | In common law, a next friend (Law French prochein ami) is a person who represents another person who is under age, or, because of disability or otherwise, is unable to maintain a suit on his or her own behalf and who does not have a legal guardian. They are also known as litigation friends. When a relative who is next of kin acts as a next friend for a person, that person is sometimes instead described as the "natural guardian" of the person. A next friend has full power over the proceedings in the action as if he or she were an ordinary plaintiff, until a guardian or guardian ad litem is appointed in the case; but the next friend is entitled to present evidence only on the same basis as any other witness.
Uses
This disability often arises from minority, mental incapacity, or lack of access to counsel. Consequently, every application to the court on behalf of a minor, a mentally incapacitated person, or a person detained without access to an attorney, who does not have a legal guardian or someone authorized to act on his or her behalf with a power of attorney, must be made through a next friend (prochein ami, prochein amy, or proximus amicus).
A minor frequently defends a suit not by a next friend but by a guardian ad litem, often appointed by the court with jurisdiction over the case or by a court with probate jurisdiction.
Some jurisdictions, such as the English civil and family courts, have recognized the right of mature minors to instruct solicitors and apply to the court on their own behalf since the 1990s.
Before the Married Women's Property Act 1882 in English Law and Irish Law (and similar acts during the same period in American law), it was usual for a married woman to sue by a next friend. Still, that act, allowing a married woman to sue in all respects as a feme sole, has rendered a next friend unnecessary in the case of married women.
Historically, in the case of a minor, the father was prima facie the proper person to act as next friend; in the father's absence, the testamentary guardian, if any, was next friend; but any person not under disability could act as next friend so long as he has no interest in the action adverse to that of the minor. A married woman could not historically act as next friend (feme covert), but this practice is no longer current, at least in the United States, where either or both of a minor's parents may act as next friend. (An exception is in divorce cases or other cases affecting child custody; in such cases, courts often appoint a guardian ad litem or attorney (independent of the parents) to represent the child's interests, which may not be aligned with either parent's interests.)
In the case of mental incapacity, a conservator, guardian, or committee represents the person in court. Still, if they have no such representative, or if the committee has some interest adverse to the claimant, they may sue by a next friend.
In United States law, next friends have sometimes been permitted to litigate habeas corpus actions to challenge the detention of prisoners who are not able to appear in court on their own behalf. For example, family members, attorneys, and non-governmental organizations have sought to bring claims as next friends on behalf of detainees classified as enemy combatants at Guantanamo Bay and elsewhere, during the War on Terror following the September 11, 2001 attacks.
Another case arose following the monkey selfie affair, when the animal rights organization People for Ethical Treatment of Animals sued photographer David Slater, asserting itself as the next friend of a Celebes crested macaque.
See also
McKenzie friend
Next of kin
References
Attribution
Agency law
Common law
Common law legal terminology |
56130619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Villiers%2C%20Countess%20of%20Clarendon | Maria Villiers, Countess of Clarendon | Maria Eleanor Villiers, Countess of Clarendon (23 January 1761 – 18 March 1844), formerly Maria Eleanor Forbes, was the wife of John Villiers, 3rd Earl of Clarendon.
Maria was the daughter and co-heir of Admiral Hon. John Forbes and his wife, the former Lady Mary Capell, daughter of William Capell, 3rd Earl of Essex. Her mother and the earl's mother being sisters, she and the earl were first cousins. They married on 5 January 1791, and had one daughter, Mary-Harriet, who never married and died in 1838.
The earl died in 1838 and was succeeded by his nephew. The countess died, aged 83, at Clarendon House, North Audley Street, Westminster.
A miniature portrait of the countess was painted on ivory by Richard Cosway.
References
1761 births
1844 deaths
British countesses |
59167406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irene%20F.%20Scott | Irene F. Scott | Irene Feagin Scott (October 6, 1912 – April 10, 1997) was a judge of the United States Tax Court from 1960 to 1982.
Early life, education, and career
Born in Union Springs, Alabama, to Arthur H. and Irene Peach Feagin, she attended public school in Union Springs, graduating from Union Springs High School in 1929. She received an A.B. from the University of Alabama in 1932, followed by an LL.B. from the same school in 1936. She was admitted to Alabama bar in 1936, and became an attorney in the Office of Chief Counsel, Internal Revenue Service in 1937. She also continued her studies, receiving an LL.M. from Catholic University of America in 1939.
Legal and judicial career
Scott worked as an attorney in the Office of Chief Counsel until 1950, when she became Special Assistant to the Head of the Appeals Division. She also served as a member of the agency's Excess Profits Tax Council from 1950 to 1952. In 1959, she became Staff Assistant to the Chief Counsel. In May 1960, President Dwight D. Eisenhower appointed Scott to a seat on the United States Tax Court, for term expiring June 1, 1972. This was one of several appointments which went against a previously observed Senate Resolution prohibiting the appointment to that body of persons recently employed by the Treasury Department. She was reappointed by President Richard Nixon on June 1, 1972 for an additional 15-year term. She received an honorary LL.D. from the University of Alabama, 1978, and took senior status in 1982, continuing to serve in that capacity until her death.
Personal life
Scott married Thomas J. Scott in 1939, with whom she had two children, Thomas J., Jr. and Irene. Scott's husband died in 1986 She lived for eleven years thereafter, and was buried in Arlington National Cemetery.
References
External links
ANC Explorer
Judges of the United States Tax Court
United States Article I federal judges appointed by Dwight D. Eisenhower
United States Article I federal judges appointed by Richard Nixon
1912 births
1997 deaths
University of Alabama alumni
Catholic University of America alumni
Burials at Arlington National Cemetery |
57444213 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agrapart%20%26%20Fils | Agrapart & Fils | Agrapart & Fils is a Grower Champagne producer which makes organic wines with a focus on terroir.
History
The house was founded in Avize by Arthur Agrapart at the end of the 19th century.
His grandson, Pierre, expanded the production in the 1950s-1960s. Since 1984, the estate has been run by Pascal Agrapart and his brother, Fabrice.
Vineyards
The vineyards are spread over 12 hectares in the Côte des Blancs among 62 parcels,
most in the grand cru villages of Avize, Cramant, Oiry and Oger. The vines average about 35 years of age, with some over 60 years.
Viniculture
The house produces three vintage dated Champagnes: Minéral, L'Avizoise and Vénus.
Agrapart practically never chaptalizes. The house produces less than 6,000 cases per year.
Awards and honors
Agrapart & Fils has received the highest possible rating of three-stars in La Revue du vin de France's Le guide des meilleurs vins de France. A 3-star rating was awarded to only nine Champagne estates in total, including Selosse, Egly-Ouriet and Krug.
References
Champagne (wine) |
69410723 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameron%20Nordli-Kelemeti | Cameron Nordli-Kelemeti | Cameron Nordli-Kelemeti (born 20 September 1999) is a Fijian rugby union player for Newcastle Falcons in Premiership Rugby, the top division of English rugby union. His primary position is scrum half.
He has previously played for Jersey Reds in the RFU Championship on loan.
Career
Nordli-Kelemeti was born in Fiji, he was raised by his grandmother after his mother died when he was six years-old. Initially educated at LDS Primary school in Suva, at 11 he moved to Terrington Hall Prep School in North Yorkshire, England, on a scholarship. He then attended Durham School and after playing for Newcastle Falcons' under 18s he signed a full time contract with Newcastle in February 2018.
In November 2018 he made his first team debut for Newcastle as a substitute in a Premiership Rugby Cup win away to Harlequins. In February 2021, he joined Jersey Reds on loan in the RFU Championship, playing three times. His league debut for Newcastle came in 2021, as a replacement again against Harlequins.
References
Fijian rugby union players
1999 births
Living people
Newcastle Falcons players
Jersey Reds players
Rugby union scrum-halves |
22212068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pogoria%20%28train%29 | Pogoria (train) | Pogoria (train) was a Polish fast train, which crossed the country from south to northeast, on the route Racibórz - Ełk - Racibórz. It began service in 1980, and across the years, its route changed several times. Among others, it went on the routes Bielsko-Biała - Ełk - Bielsko-Biała, and Racibórz - Suwałki - Racibórz. In 2004, Pogoria was merged with Wigry, which went from Gliwice to Suwałki.
In the year 2002, Pogoria's route was as follows:
Racibórz - Rybnik - Mikołów - Orzesze - Katowice - Sosnowiec - Dąbrowa Górnicza - Zawiercie - Częstochowa - Warszawa - Olsztyn - Giżycko - Ełk, and the train was seasonal, running only in the summer, and on major holidays.
References
Named passenger trains of Poland |
74400923 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanner%20Brown | Tanner Brown | Tanner Reid Brown (born December 28, 1999) is an American football placekicker who is a free agent. He played college football for the College of the Canyons Cougars, UNLV Rebels and Oklahoma State Cowboys.
Early life
Brown was born on December 28, 1999, in Santa Clarita, California. He played soccer until trying out football as a sophomore at Saugus High School. He played both sports for the rest of his time at Saugus, and as a senior in football went 7-for-11 on field goals and 16-for-18 on extra points while playing placekicker. He also played at punter and punted 37 times for 1,242 yards in 2017. Brown graduated as part of the class of 2018.
College career
Brown began his collegiate career with the College of the Canyons in 2018, serving as both their placekicker and punter. He helped them to back-to-back division championships in 2018 and 2019 and was named an All-American as well as an all-conference selection at both positions. At placekicker, he made 28-of-38 field goal attempts and all but two of his 102 extra point attempts. In 2020, Brown walked-on to play for the UNLV Rebels and appeared in six games during their COVID-19-shortened season, making 24 kickoffs and 12 punts.
After one season at UNLV, Brown, looking to transfer, contacted coaches from around the country, but only received one reply, from a special teams analyst for the Oklahoma State Cowboys. He was eventually able to join the team as a walk-on and saw significant playing time in his first season with the Cowboys, taking over kickoff duties starting in the second game and then serving as their kicker for field goals and extra points for the final 10 games. He was successful on all 36 of his extra point attempts and made 17-of-21 field goals, earning honorable mention all-conference honors. The following season, Brown was named team captain and was one of the top placekickers nationally, converting 22-of-23 field goal attempts and all of his extra points. He ranked third in the FBS for field goal percentage (95.7%) and also placed fifth for field goals per game (1.83) and seventh for points per game (9.0), being named second-team All-Big 12 Conference and a semifinalist for the Lou Groza Award, given to the best placekicker in college football. Despite playing only two years with Oklahoma State, Brown scored 195 points, placing him 15th in school history.
Professional career
After going unselected in the 2023 NFL Draft, Brown was signed by the Los Angeles Rams as an undrafted free agent, being one of two kickers signed by the team to compete for the starting role. Christopher Dunn, the other player signed, was released on June 16, leaving Brown as the team's only kicker. He was waived on August 29, 2023.
References
1999 births
Living people
American football placekickers
American football punters
Players of American football from Santa Clarita, California
College of the Canyons Cougars football players
UNLV Rebels football players
Oklahoma State Cowboys football players
Los Angeles Rams players |
59500615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Arscott | Arthur Arscott | Arthur Arscott (1683–1762) of Tetcott, Devon, was a British landowner and politician who sat in the House of Commons from 1722 to 1747.
Arscott was baptized on 3 June 1683, the second (but eldest) surviving son of John Arscott of Tetcott and his second wife Prudence. In 1709 he succeeded to the estates of his father. He married Elizabeth Trefusis, daughter of Francis Trefusis of Trefusis, on 21 September 1704 but she died ten years later and was buried on 1 September 1714. He later married Gwen Yonge, daughter of Sir Walter Yonge, 3rd Baronet MP, of Colleton, Devon.
In the 1722 general election, Arscott ran unopposed as Member of Parliament for Tiverton at the suggestion of his brother-in-law, Sir William Yonge. He ran unopposed in 1727 and 1734. He was elected for Tiverton after a contest in the 1741 general election. Whenever he voted, he supported the Administration. He was classed as Old Whig in 1746. He did not stand in the 1747 general election.
Arscott was buried at Tetcott, on 3 September 1762. He had three sons by his second wife, including John Arscott, MP for Ashburton.
References
1683 births
1762 deaths
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
British MPs 1722–1727
British MPs 1727–1734
British MPs 1734–1741
British MPs 1741–1747 |
34115000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944%20Hungarian%20parliamentary%20election | 1944 Hungarian parliamentary election | Elections for the National Interim Assembly were held in Hungary in November 1944. Members were elected at public meetings in 45 cities and towns in areas held by the Red Army. An additional 160 members were elected in liberated areas on 2 April and 24 June 1945.
The Hungarian Communist Party won 89 of the 230 seats, increasing to 166 of the 498 seats after the 1945 elections. The Assembly first convened in Debrecen on 21 and 22 December 1944, establishing a new government and declaring war on Nazi Germany. Its second session was held in Budapest in September 1945, establishing fresh elections and passing legislation on land redistribution.
Results
References
Hungary
Hungary
Elections in Hungary
Parliamentary
Parliamentary
Hungary
Hungary
Hungary |
50638813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20geographical%20noses | List of geographical noses | Nose is used in the name of several geographical features and their associated settlements:
Anthonys Nose (Victoria), a point or escarpment on the southern shore of Port Phillip Bay, in Victoria, Australia
Anthony's Nose (Westchester), a peak along the Hudson River at the north end of Westchester County, New York
Blake Nose, a submerged peninsula extending northeast from the North American continental shelf, about 280 miles east of Daytona Beach, Florida
Bowerman's Nose, a stack of weathered granite on Dartmoor, Devon, England
Brokers Nose, a point on the Illawarra Range, in the state of New South Wales, Australia
Calgary Nose Hill, a federal electoral district in Alberta, Canada
Calgary-Nose Creek, provincial electoral district that encompassed the Northern Central part of Calgary, Alberta
Devil's Nose in Ecuador
Devils Nose, Kentucky, unincorporated community in Bath County, Kentucky, United States
Dolphin's Nose, Coonoor, a viewpoint and tourist spot in Coonoor, The Nilgiris District, Tamil Nadu
Fawnie Nose (), the highest summit of the Fawnie Range of the Nechako Plateau in the Central Interior of British Columbia, Canada
Grey Nose Cape, a cape on the Côte d'Opale in the Pas-de-Calais département in northern France
Jacob's Nose, mountain in Rosendale Village, a hamlet in the town of Rosendale, in Ulster County, New York
Jerry's Nose, fishing community, part of a designated place in the Canadian province of Newfoundland and Labrador
Long Nose Park, a public open space at the end of Yurulbin Point on the Balmain Peninsula in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
Napoleon's Nose, a basaltic hill overlooking the city of Belfast, Northern Ireland
Nose, Osaka, a town in Toyono District, Osaka Prefecture, Japan
Nose Hill Park, the second largest urban park in Canada and one of the largest urban parks in North America
Nose mound, a monument in Kyoto, Japan, dedicated to the sliced noses of killed Korean soldiers and civilians
Nose Station, a train station in Tsubata, Kahoku District, Ishikawa Prefecture, Japan
Roman Nose State Park, state park located in Blaine County, 7 miles (11 km) north of Watonga, Oklahoma
Sharks Nose (), a mountain in the southern Wind River Range in the U.S. state of Wyoming
Tegg's Nose, a hill east of Macclesfield in Cheshire, England
The Devil's Nose, a steep but small mountain ridge between the Little Cacapon and Potomac rivers in northeastern Hampshire County, West Virginia
The Nose (El Capitan), one of the original technical climbing routes up El Capitan, a vertical rock formation in Yosemite National Park
Vroman's Nose, prominent geological feature in the town of Fulton in Schoharie County, New York, United States
White Nose, Dorset, a chalk headland on the English Channel coast at the eastern end of Ringstead Bay, east of Weymouth in Dorset, England
See also
Nose (disambiguation)
Geography-related lists |
37612467 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Lyttleton%20Rogers | George Lyttleton Rogers | George Lyttleton Rogers (10 July 1906 – 19 November 1962) was an Irish tennis player, promoter and coach. He won the Irish Championships title three times, (1926, 1936–1937). He was the Canadian and Argentine champion as well. He was a three times runner-up for the Monte Carlo Cup. In 1931 he was the eleventh on the French rankings.
Early life and family
Rogers was born on 10 July 1906 in Athy, County Kildare, Ireland to Anglo-Irish Protestants parents Francis William Lyttelton Rogers, an inspector in the Royal Irish Constabulary, and Hessie May Lloyd Sherrie Rogers. Both his elder brothers were killed in action in the First World War while serving in France with the Royal Field Artillery; Francis Lyttelton Lloyd Rogers (4 February 1895 – 7 January 1916) was killed in action in Neuve Chapelle and Richard Henry Lyster Rogers (18 September 1896 – 4 October 1917) was killed in Arras. His great-grandparents Daniel Upton and Marie Lloyd Upton were land-owners in Dublin. In the Irish War of Independence the family home, "Holyrood Castle" in Sandymount, was requisitioned as a machine gun nest by the British Army. His aunt Alice Upton Harvey was a famous Irish music composer. His cousin was George U. Harvey, borough president of Queens between 1929 and 1941. Rogers studied in the Imperial Service College in Windsor.
Amateur tennis career
In April 1928, he was defeated by the Austrian champion Erik Worm for the Beaulieu title. and the next year it happened again but this time he suffered defeat from Emmanuel du Plaix.
1930
In the first days of January, Rogers was repulsed in the final of the Beausite tournament in Cannes by Paul Barrelet de Ricou in straight sets. In the follow-up tournament of Monaco he was beaten in the title match by French riviera-series debutant Bill Tilden in four sets and lost the doubles as well with partner Arne Wilhelm Grahn to Tilden and Charles Herbert Kingsley. In January–February, he entered several riviera tournaments; at New Courts de Cannes doubles contest the Tilden-Kingsley duo saw another victory in the final against Rogers and Worm. At Gallia L.T.C. Cannes, he was stopped in the semifinals of singles and doubles and in the quarterfinal of the mixed doubles. At Carlton L.T.C. Cannes, he lost the Italy's fourth ranked player Placido Gaslini.
For the Beaumont Trophy at Monte-Carlo doubles event Rogers and Tamio Abe were overcame Umberto De Morpurgo and Wilbur Coen. In Menton, he reached the semifinals in singles and doubles. In March, at the Nice Lawn Tennis Club competition the last two, Tilden and Rogers met again but Rogers was unable to overcome Tilden. In late March at the Cannes Championships, the doubles team of Rogers and René Gallepe were subdued by seasoned American duo of Tilden-Coen. At the L. T. C. Biarritz tournament, Raymond Rodel captured the title ahead of Rogers. Henri Cochet and Pierre Landry beat the Rogers Féret duo for the doubles crown. In June he clinched the third place at the Belgian International Championships.
In July, he won the Canadian Lawn Tennis National Championships against home-favourite Gilbert Nunns in four sets. During the year 1930 he swept 18 international titles.
1931
In January, he started the season at the Beausite–L.T.C. de Cannes Championship where he captured the title against Swiss Charles Aeschlimann who took revenge in the doubles final on Rogers and Hillyard. In the Beausite tournament, he was finally victorious against Paul Féret who came back from professional tennis to amateur play. They teamed up for the doubles where they couldn't convert two match points against Hillyard and Vladimir Landau, which backfired on them and lost in five sets. In mixed doubles, Rogers and Elizabeth Ryan found their winning form against Phyllis Satterthwaite and Erik Worm and became mixed champions. In the Parc Imperial L.T.C. de Nice Rogers had an easy victory over Edmond Lotan and in the mixed doubles he and Mrs. Marjollet defeated Mikhail Sumarokov-Elston and Mrs. Franke. At Gallia L.T.C. de Cannes Rogers faced Jacques Brugnon for the championship, and Brugnon was triumphant in a five-set match although he gave Rogers two zero-sets. Also in Cannes at the Carlton Club, Brugnon and Henri Cochet fought a four-set battle against the losing team of Rogers-Aeschlimann.
In February at the Beaulieu Championships of Hotel Bristol, Rogers reclaimed the title from his opponent two years before, Emmanuel du Plaix in a close five-set encounter. He and John Olliff went for the doubles title as well, only losing to the Yugoslavian pair of Franjo Šefer and Franjo Kukuljević. In the Championships of Monaco Henri Cochet proved to be an impassable opposition for Rogers and bagged his third Monaco title. He reached his best Menton result by winning the tournament alongside Hungarian Béla von Kehrling in a rematch with Kukuljević-Šefer. In Bordighera he met his Hungarian partner in the singles final, where in the deciding fifth set the Irishman took a 5–1 lead when Kehrling came up to one game difference but eventually lost the game, set and match due to an umpire mistake. Rogers also clinched the doubles with Alberto Del Bono against Kehrling and Vladimir Landau.
In March, in the second meeting of L.T.C. de Cannes, Rogers repeated his feat against the same opponent Charles Aeschlimann but this time he and Hillyard was also victorious in doubles as well against the Swiss team of Aeschlimann and Hector Chiesa. In the third Cannes tournament of the year, Hyotaro Sato surpassed Rogers for the singles, but the American-Irish couple of Rogers-Ryan captured the mixed contest from Hillyard- Satterthwaite. In May in the 31st Campionato Partenopeo, Rogers finished first ahead of ambidextrous Italian Giorgio de Stefani, who equalized in the doubles final.
In July, although losing in the second round of the Wimbledon Championships to the aforementioned Sato, Rogers was a contestant for the All England Plate, a consolation tournament played by the losers of the first two rounds of the men's singles main draw, in which Vernon Kirby overcame him in three sets. In the Le Touquet Spa Championships he chose Lucilo del Castillo for the doubles but lost to eventual victors Cochet-Marcel Bernard. In December the Fédération Française de Tennis compiled the annual French tennis rankings, but that year they included players of all nationality provided that they played and represented a French sports club. Rogers was ranked the 11th French player.
1932
In the first tournament of the season at Beausite, Rogers defended his last year's title against Erik Worm. He went on to win the doubles and was only repelled in the mixed finals. At New Courts L.T.C. de Cannes he fought Emmanuel du Plaix in a tough match for his first New Courts singles title and battled through another five-set struggle for the doubles. Although he had a clean victory in the mixed doubles with Miss Ryan. At the Gallia L T.C. de Cannes he tried to take revenge for his last year loss to Jacques Brugnon also this time he was forced to give the Frenchman a walkover victory in singles only after losing in the doubles to the French team of du Plaix-Brugnon. In the Carlton Club he finally came to win against Brugnon, but this time he did it three times in a row in singles and both doubles, claiming his first triple crown reward.
In his second Monte Carlo Cup final, he was topped by Roderich Menzel. In San Remo he finished second again behind Béla von Kehrling. In doubles the Hungarian team of Kehrling-Imre Zichy suffered defeat from Rogers and Aoki Miki. For the third time that year Kehrling and Rogers faced each other in the Alassio tournament final, where it was Kehrling who celebrated a flawless victory. Rogers paired with Emanuele Sertorio and grabbed the doubles title. In May, Fred Perry defeated Rogers for British Hard Court Championships crown. In August, he became the champion of North of England and a month later he attached the South of England title, too, after beating Madan Mohan in straight sets.
Later years
In 1933, he won the doubles trophy of the Club Carlton in Cannes, partnering Edmond Lotan in a five-set battle with William Radcliffe and Willem Karsten. In March he was unsuccessful for the third time in the Monte-Carlo final, this time falling short to Bunny Austin. In August, in the Derbyshire Championships in Buxton he was the runner-up in both men's and mixed doubles. At the end of the month, he was featured in the doubles final of the North of England Championships with Vernon Kirby. In February 1934, in the mixed doubles Nice final, Rogers and Sylvia Henrotin of France were unable to stop Miss Muriel Thomas and Wilmer Hines. Later that year, he claimed the Northern tournament championships trophy for the first time against Cam Malfroy, and together they won the doubles title. In August, he saw another doubles final partnering Aoki Miki at the North of England Championships, this time losing to Stedman-Andrews.
In 1935, in his fourth successive North of England competition, Rogers was deprived from his doubles title by Frank Wilde and Don Butler. For the singles he took on his doubles partner Alan Stedman but was easily beaten. In April at Melbury final Bunny Austin annihilated the Irishman, allowing only three games to him. In the 1937 Wimbledon Championships, his first-round match against Bunny Austin was the first ever televised tennis event in Great Britain that was broadcast to 2000 homes throughout the British Isles. He won his second Manchester title later the year. In 1938 he became the Bournemouth hard court doubles champion alongside Kho Sin-Kie with whom he scored a five-set victory over Wilde-Butler.
Between 1929 and 1939, he played 49 rubbers in 17 ties for the Irish Davis Cup team and has a record of 24 wins and 25 losses. The best performance of the Irish Davis Cup team during this period was reaching the semifinal of the Europe zone in 1936 which they lost to 0–5 to the German team composed of Gottfried von Cramm and Henner Henkel.
During World War II
During the war, he resided in the United States and competed in the U.S. National Championships in 1940, 1941 and 1942, losing in the third round and second rounds respectively. In 1940, he reached the semifinals of the New York State Clay Court Tennis championship. In 1941, he was defeated in the final of the Perth Amboy Invitation championship by Bill Umstaedter. In 1942, he was a runner-up for the Florida West Coast Championships, where junior prodigy Francisco Segura of Ecuador took advantage of Rogers' recrudescent shoulder injury and grabbed the title. He organized a tour of tennis shows in order to raise money for the Red Cross in 1942.
In 1944, he played exhibitions for the Harbor Defenses of San Francisco with then-enlisted Frank Kovacs and Margaret Osborne. He played an exhibition match in May 1945 with Bill Tilden, Vincent Richards and Eli Epstein whereas the players' racquets were awarded to the spectator with the most war bond purchase to support the United States Army. He turned pro in March 1945 and played the undercard match at the W.P.T.A. World Professional Championships but failed to beat Bill Tilden. He then registered for the 1945 U.S. Pro Tennis Championships in June where he was eliminated in the third round by Walter Senior.
Pro career
The same month he turned pro player, Rogers also became the president of the World Pro Tennis Association. In the meantime, he continued to compete as a pro player as well. In 1945 he released the WPTA top-ten pro rankings. In 1946 he quit the U.S. Professional Lawn Tennis Association to join the newly formed Professional Tennis Players' Association headed by Bill Tilden. In 1947 he became the World Pro doubles champion alongside Frank Kovacs, but fell in the quarterfinal stage of the World Pro Championships series in singles to Wayne Sabin. At the start of August 1951, shortly after beginning a tour with Frank Kovacs and Frank Parker, Kovacs and Lyttleton Rogers disappeared and did not play scheduled fixtures, leaving Parker on his own. Kovacs and Lyttleton Rogers were longtime friends, and Rogers was married on September 2 in California. As a senior he kept on competing, e.g. in the Eastern Senior Tournament in 1957 where he lost to Herbert A. Baron in the second round.
Playing style
At the peak of his career in 1932, Rogers' play was observed by Great Britain's then active Davis Cup player Nigel Sharpe, who described Rogers as the tallest man on the field at the time who took advantage of his height. From the baseline he had great reach, but in volleying lacked sufficient quickness to cover the net at its full length and moved uncomfortably in the forecourt. So he was one of the few baseliners of his time. He hit the ball flat and with a short swing. His first serve had great speed, while the second was rather a kick-serve, which showed to be his weakness. His forehand drive was strong and his overhead smashes were fine enough. In doubles he positioned himself between the T-line and the baseline, an unorthodox gameplan.
Personal life
Apart from playing tennis, Rogers was an amateur boxer. He was trained by Don McCorkindale in Slough, with whom he had a scheduled sparring bout in Bedford although it was later cancelled because it would have been a breach of amateur boxing rules. He also coached tennis to younger talents such as Alice Lavery, who reached the finals of the Cannes handicap tournament.
In 1931, was engaged to Marjorie Schiele, a 19-year-old Cincinnati heiress, however the engagement was called off the next year. At that time, he resided at the French Riviera. His wife died in a hospital during a surgery in Montreux, Switzerland in 1937. Rogers married again in 1939 to Swiss-born Greta Konenberg, a fashion travel agent to whom he was introduced three years before. They incidentally met again in the Sporting Club of Monte Carlo after his wife's death.
Rogers divorced and married for the third time in 1951 to June Sears of California, a University of California graduate in merchandising and subsequent real estate agent with whom he settled in Los Angeles. He died at Los Angeles County General Hospital in 1962.
References
External links
British Pathé Newsreel – Ireland V. Switzerland AKA The Davis Cup 1936
1906 births
1962 deaths
Irish male tennis players
Irish tennis coaches
Professional tennis players before the Open Era
Irish expatriates in the United States
20th-century Anglo-Irish people |
19866302 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surkhang | Surkhang | Surkhang is a village development committee in Mustang District in the Dhawalagiri Zone of northern Nepal. At the time of the 1991 Nepal census it had a population of 651 people living in 130 individual households.
References
External links
UN map of the municipalities of Mustang District
Populated places in Mustang District |
2444990 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew%205%3A34 | Matthew 5:34 | Matthew 5:34 is the thirty-fourth verse of the fifth chapter of the Gospel of Matthew in the New Testament and is part of the Sermon on the Mount. This verse is part of either the third or fourth antithesis, the discussion of oaths.
Content
In the King James Version of the Bible the text reads:
The World English Bible translates the passage as:
The Novum Testamentum Graece text is:
ἐγὼ δὲ λέγω ὑμῖν μὴ ὀμόσαι ὅλως· μήτε ἐν τῷ οὐρανῷ, ὅτι θρόνος ἐστὶν τοῦ Θεοῦ
Analysis
This verse departs somewhat from the structure of the previous Antitheses. The standard pattern was after presenting the former rule to present the new one, then explain it, then present examples. Here Jesus presents the new rule "swear not at all" and then moves directly to examples. The explanation for the new rule waits until Matthew 5:37.
Very few Christians interpret this verse literally to mean that all oaths are prohibited as in other parts of the Bible oaths are looked upon more favourably. In and Paul of Tarsus swears oaths, and in God himself swears an oath. Most Christian apologists have thus concluded that this verse is either Jesus using hyperbole to emphasize his point, or failing to mention exceptions to this rule that would have been implicit to his audience. Others interpret the original Greek as being less absolute than its English translations. Thus most Christian churches believe that only false and vain oaths are prohibited. John Calvin argued that only oaths counter to God are wrong. Several important Christian groups do not accept these caveats. Most notably the Quakers and Mennonites firmly reject all oaths, a stance that has led to their persecution by governments that insist on oath taking and has given rise to the allowance of an affirmation in its place. Tolstoy also understood this verse as banning all oaths, and it led him to support the abolition of all courts as a result.
The reference to Heaven as the Throne of God comes from . Hill notes that while heaven in Matthew is often used as a periphrasis for God's name it is quite clearly not so used in this verse. At the time of Christ oaths were a much debated issue in the Jewish community. One view, expressed in M. Shebuoth, was that while oaths to God were binding, oaths to other subjects, such as heaven, were not. Schweizer thinks that Jesus is indicating here that swearing by heaven is swearing by God as heaven is God's throne.
Commentary from the Church Fathers
Augustine: But what we could not understand by mere words, from the conduct of the saints we may gather in what sense should be understood what might easily be drawn the contrary way, unless explained by example. The Apostle has used oaths in his Epistles, and by this shows us how that ought to be taken, I say unto you, Swear not at all, namely, lest by allowing ourselves to swear at all we come to readiness in swearing, from readiness we come to a habit of swearing, and from a habit of swearing we fall into perjury. And so the Apostle is not found to have used an oath but only in writing, the greater thought and caution which that requires not allowing of slip of the tongue. Yet is the Lord's command so universal, Swear not at all, that He would seem to have forbidden it even in writing. But since it would be an impiety to accuse Paul of having violated this precept, especially in his Epistles, we must understand the word at all as implying that, as far as lays in your power, you should not make a practice of swearing, not aim at it as a good thing in which you should take delight.
Augustine: Therefore, in his writings, as writing allows of greater circumspection, the Apostle is found to have used an oath in several places, that none might suppose that there is any direct sin in swearing what is true; but only that our weak hearts are better preserved from perjury by abstaining from all swearing whatever.
Jerome: Lastly, consider that the Saviour does not here forbid to swear by God, but by the Heaven, the Earth, by Jerusalem, by a man's head. For this evil practice of swearing by the elements the Jews had always, and are thereof often accused in the prophetic writing's. For he who swears, shows either reverence or love for that by which he swears. Thus when the Jews swore by the Angels, by the city of Jerusalem, by the temple and the elements, they paid to the creature the honour and worship belonging to God; for it is commanded in the Law that we should not swear but by the Lord our God.
Chrysostom: Note how He exalts the elements of the world, not from their own nature, but from the respect which they have to God, so that there is opened no occasion of idolatry.
See also
Affirmation (law)
References
05:34
Heaven in Christianity
Oaths |
8914014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mortal%20Danger | Mortal Danger | Mortal Danger by Eileen Wilks is the 4th novel in the World of the Lupi series. It was released on November 1, 2005.
It was nominated for the 2005 Romantic Times Best Werewolf Romance Novel.
Plot summary
Former homicide cop Lily Yu has a lot on her plate. There's her sister's wedding, a missing magical staff with unknown powers, and her grandmother's sudden decision to visit the old country just when Lily could use a little advice. Maybe she should turn to the man she's involved with, but for all the passion that flares between them, she doesn't really know Rule Turner. Yet she's tied to him for life, both of them caught in an unbreakable mate bond.
That Rule is a werewolf, prince of his people, only complicates matters.
Now an agent in a special unit of the FBI's Magical Crimes Division, Lily's job is to hunt down Harlowe, a charismatic cult leader bent on bringing an ancient evil into the world. But what Lily doesn't realize is that Harlowe has set a trap-for her. And then the unthinkable happens.
In the blink of any eye Lily's world divides and collides, and she is thrust into a new and frightening reality. Her only hope will be to trust Rule-and herself-or Lily will be lost forever...
Main characters
Lily Yu - a Chinese American sensitive who works for the Magical Crimes Division of the FBI
Rule Turner - the Nokolai Heir (or prince as the press like to dub him). His werewolf clan is located in San Diego, CA.
Cynna Weaver - a Finder whose image decorates the cover of Blood Lines. The tattoos are how Cynna works her special brand of magic.
Cullen Seabourne - a recent adoption to Rule's Nokolai werewolf clan. Cullen was clanless for many years. He is also a sorcerer, which is a slightly illegal pastime according to the federal authorities. Eileen describes him as sin incarnate to look at.
External links
Eileen Wilks Official website
World of the Lupi books
2005 American novels
Novels by Eileen Wilks |
62873938 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picabar | Picabar | Picabar is a bar and music venue located in Northbridge, Western Australia, within the Perth Cultural Centre.
It is situated adjacent to the Perth Institute of Contemporary Arts (PICA) for which the bar is named.
Description
The bar features an outdoor courtyard with access from the Cultural Centre, near the steps and plaza, as well as outdoor tables along the edge of the cultural centre.
, it employs 15 staff.
It operates within the old Perth Boys School building, part of the Perth Central School complex in the early 1900s.
History and operations
Picabar is the family business of brothers Brian and Conor Buckley, and Brian's wife Melissa Bowen. It opened in 2012 in a space that was unused and had been boarded up for 12 years. The bar owners subleased the space from PICA with a six-month lease, and an option for a longer, ten-year term subject to PICA's lease from the state government being renewed.
PICA's lease was not renewed, and both PICA and Picabar then ended up operating on month-to-month leases. Picabar's owners later stated that they were given assurances there would eventually be a long-term arrangement, a claim denied by the Department of Local Government, Sport and Cultural Industries' director general Duncan Ord.
Lease renewal dispute
In October 2018, ownership of the precinct was transferred from the government to the Perth Theatre Trust (PTT), which terminated PICA's lease, and hence Picabar's sub-lease, with three weeks notice. PICA was to be given a new sublease from the PTT, excluding the bar area, which was to be opened up to an expression of interest process. By early November, the government gave Picabar a temporary reprieve until March 2019, and Culture and Arts minister David Templeman intervened to ensure Picabar's owners would be given the first preference in negotiations.
Public outrage led to a campaign to retain Picabar, culminating in a "Save Picabar" petition on Change.org that attracted 11,000 signatures, including direct competitors and other members of the state's hospitality industry.
On 15 October 2019, a new five-year lease was signed, with an option for an extension. The lease requires renovations to be undertaken, with allowance for additional alfresco space. The incident, and the "people power" that saved Picabar, received national media coverage.
The venue was substantially renovated in 2020.
Reception
The bar features prominently in Perth youth culture as a hangout and social fixture. It has a particular association with hipster culture, being described by The West Australian as 'somewhere between a dive bar and a hipster hangout'. The bar is a regular topic of local internet culture, with the Instagram meme page 'meet_me_at_pica' regularly posting memes about the venue and associated youth culture.
Gallery
References
External links
Pubs in Perth, Western Australia
Perth Cultural Centre
Northbridge, Western Australia |
33305210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bud%20Alper | Bud Alper | Bud Alper (August 24, 1930 – December 19, 2012) was an American sound engineer. He was nominated for two Academy Awards in the category Best Sound.
Selected filmography
Rocky (1976)
Ladyhawke (1985)
References
External links
1930 births
2012 deaths
American audio engineers
Place of birth missing |
5053014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetramethylethylenediamine | Tetramethylethylenediamine | Tetramethylethylenediamine (TMEDA or TEMED) is a chemical compound with the formula (CH3)2NCH2CH2N(CH3)2. This species is derived from ethylenediamine by replacement of the four amine hydrogens with four methyl groups. It is a colorless liquid, although old samples often appear yellow. Its odor is similar to that of rotting fish.
As a reagent in synthesis
TMEDA is widely employed as a ligand for metal ions. It forms stable complexes with many metal halides, e.g. zinc chloride and copper(I) iodide, giving complexes that are soluble in organic solvents. In such complexes, TMEDA serves as a bidentate ligand.
TMEDA has an affinity for lithium ions. When mixed with n-butyllithium, TMEDA's nitrogen atoms coordinate to the lithium, forming a cluster of higher reactivity than the tetramer or hexamer that n-butyllithium normally adopts. BuLi/TMEDA is able to metallate or even doubly metallate many substrates including benzene, furan, thiophene, N-alkylpyrroles, and ferrocene. Many anionic organometallic complexes have been isolated as their [Li(tmeda)2]+ complexes. In such complexes [Li(tmeda)2]+ behaves like a quaternary ammonium salt, such as [NEt4]+.
sec-Butyllithium/TMEDA is a useful combination in organic synthesis where the n-butyl analogue adds to substrate. TMEDA is still capable of forming a metal complex with Li in this case as mentioned above.
Other uses
The complexes (TMEDA)Ni(CH3)2 and [(TMEDA)Ni(o-tolyl)Cl] illustrate the use of tmeda to stabilize homogeneous catalysts.
Isomers
Tetramethylethylenediamine can also refer to 2,3-dimethyl-2,3-diaminobutane, .
References
Dimethylamino compounds
Chelating agents
Foul-smelling chemicals |
8066957 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Antoine%20Dorion | Pierre-Antoine Dorion | Pierre-Antoine Dorion (ca. 1789 – September 12, 1850) was a businessman and political figure in Lower Canada.
He was born in Lower Canada around 1789. He worked as a clerk in a store at Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade for Pierre Bureau and then established himself as a lumber merchant there. In 1814, he married Bureau's daughter, Geneviève. Dorion was selected as a school trustee at Sainte-Anne-de-la-Pérade in 1829, later becoming an inspector of schools. In 1830, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada for Champlain and was reelected in 1834, supporting the Parti Patriote. He was named commissioner for the construction of a bridge over the Sainte-Anne River. Dorion voted in support of the Ninety-Two Resolutions. In 1837, he became a justice of the peace. His term in office ended when the assembly was dissolved during the events leading up to the Lower Canada Rebellion; he did not return to politics afterwards. He died at Drummondville in 1850.
His sons Antoine-Aimé and Jean-Baptiste-Éric went on to careers in politics. His son Vincislas-Paul-Wilfrid was also involved in politics and later became a judge.
References
1780s births
1850 deaths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of Lower Canada
Year of birth uncertain
Canadian justices of the peace |
22454935 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treo%20270 | Treo 270 | The Treo 270 was a dual-band GSM flip form factor smartphone made by Handspring. Released on May 31, 2002 for $499 with service contract, $699 without service contract, it was the fourth device in the Treo family. It featured a full keyboard and shipped with Palm OS version 3.5.2H. The 270 had a 160×160 color screen, 16 MB of internal memory and a 33 MHz DragonBall CPU.
During its development, the Treo 270 was codenamed "Atlanta".
The Treo 300 was a twin model marketed by Sprint identical to the 270 except for using cdmaOne instead of GSM and being provider-locked.
References
Handspring mobile phones |
21181961 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20II%20of%20Legnica | Frederick II of Legnica | Frederick II, Duke of Legnica () (12 February 1480 – 17 September 1547), also known as the Great of Legnica (), was a Duke of Legnica from 1488 (until 1495 and 1505 with his brothers), of Brzeg from 1521. The most notorious of all Legnica Piast rulers, thanks to his excellent financial politics his Duchy was expanded to the Oder River, and he became the founder of the Duchy of Legnica-Wołów-Brzeg ().
Life
He was the second son of Frederick I, Duke of Chojnów-Oława-Legnica-Brzeg-Lubin, by his wife Ludmila, daughter of George of Poděbrady, King of Bohemia.
A minor at the death of his father in 1488, Frederick II and his brothers John II and George I inherited Legnica, Chojnów and Lubin under the regency of their mother, Dowager Duchess Ludmila, regnant Duchess of Brzeg and Oława as a dower. During his early years, the young Dukes spent some time in Prague, at the court of King Vladislaus II of Bohemia.
The premature death of his older brother John II in 1495 left Frederick II as the Head of his house, but he remained under his mother's tutelage for another three years, until 1498, when he could take over by himself the government of Legnica. When George I also reached adulthood in 1505, both brothers decided to divide their domains. Frederick II kept Legnica and all the minor Duchies, and George I obtained Brzeg (which after the death of Ludmila in 1503 reverted to them with Oława) and Lubin.
In 1507, Frederick II made a pilgrimage to the Holy Land where he is said to have been dubbed a Knight of the Holy Sepulchre.
During 1516-1526 he was Governor of Lower Silesia.
After George I's death in 1521 without issue, Frederick inherited Brzeg (Lubin was given to his sister-in-law as dower); this and the purchase of Wołów in 1523 increased his finances and brought about in all his domains a time of prosperity. In the same year he mediated between the Teutonic Grand Master Albert of Brandenburg and King Sigismund I of Poland, for the possession of Prussia, which eventually became the secular Duchy of Prussia in 1525, with Albert as its Duke but under Polish sovereignty.
From 1523 Frederick II was a strong supporter of the Reformation and founded in 1526 the first Protestant University in Legnica; however, because of the controversies between Luther and Caspar Schwenckfeld, it wasn't until 1530 that the University finally opened. Despite his own conversion to Protestantism, Frederick II allowed his subjects to choose their own religion.
During his reign, Frederick II worked for the order and cleanliness of his cities, established public lighting and paved streets.
His achievements also enhanced the defense of their Duchy. In his desire to change Legnica's layout he replaced numerous chapels and churches with city walls and fortress. Before the year 1521 there were in the suburbs about 15 churches and chapels, all these were demolished. Together with his wife Sophie, Frederick II also founded a bronze Army to defend the city.
From 1540 to 1544 he obtained the Duchy of Głogów as a pledge. In 1542 his nephews Joachim, Henry II, John and George of Poděbrady pledged to him their Duchy of Ziębice (Münsterberg), which after Frederick II's death was taken by Ferdinand I of Habsburg.
He is one of the figures on the Prussian Homage painting by Jan Matejko.
Marriages and Issue
On 21 November 1515 Frederick II married firstly Elisabeth (b. 13 November 1482 – 16 February 1517), daughter of King Casimir IV of Poland. They had one daughter:
Hedwig (b. and d. 2 February 1517).
On 14 November 1519 Frederick II married secondly Sophie of Brandenburg-Ansbach-Kulmbach (b. Ansbach, 10 March 1485 – d. Legnica, 14 May 1537), daughter of Frederick I, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach and niece of his first wife. They had three children:
Frederick III (b. 22 February 1520 – d. Legnica, 15 December 1570).
George II the Pious (b. Legnica, 18 July 1523 – d. Schloss Brieg, 7 May 1586).
Sophie (b. 1525 – d. Berlin, 6 February 1546), married on 15 February 1545 to John George, later (1571) Elector of Brandenburg.
References
FRYDERYK II LEGNICKI (WIELKI)
1480 births
1547 deaths
Dukes of Brzeg
Dukes of Legnica
Medieval Knights of the Holy Sepulchre |
4191492 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Toowoomba%20East | Electoral district of Toowoomba East | The Electoral district of Toowoomba East was an electoral district of the Legislative Assembly in the Australian state of Queensland. It was created with the 1960 redistribution and removed by the 1972 redistribution.
The seat was based on the City of Toowoomba.
The member for Toowoomba, Mervyn Anderson successfully stood for election in Toowoomba East in 1960 after his previous seat was lost in the redistribution.
The sitting member, Peter Wood, successfully stood for election in the new seat of Toowoomba South in the 1972 election.
Members for Toowoomba East
The members for Toowoomba East were:
Election results
See also
Electoral districts of Queensland
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly by year
:Category:Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly by name
References
Darling Downs
Toowoomba
Toowoomba East
Toowoomba East
Toowoomba East
Constituencies established in 1960
Constituencies disestablished in 1972 |
56781093 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finley%20Site | Finley Site | The Finley Site is an archeological site in Sweetwater County, Wyoming. The site was investigated beginning in 1940 when projectile points were found on the surface by Orion B. Finley in the vicinity of a stable section of the Killpecker Dune Field. The site dates to the late Paleoindian Period of about 9000 years before present. The projectile points from the Finley Site established the Eden point type, and included Scottsbluff Type I and II points, linking the cultures to the Cody Cultural Complex.
The site was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 17, 2010.
References
External links
Finley Site at the Wyoming State Historic Preservation Office
National Register of Historic Places in Sweetwater County, Wyoming
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Wyoming |
72424129 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Balcerski | Thomas Balcerski | Thomas J. Balcerski (born 1982). is an American historian, author, and professor of history at Eastern Connecticut State University.
Balcerski was named the systemwide recipient of the Connecticut State Colleges and Universities Faculty Research Award for 2020–21. He is the author of Bosom Friends: The Intimate World of James Buchanan and William Rufus King (2019).
Early life and education
Balcerski graduated Magna Cum Laude from Cornell University in 2005 with a B.A. in American Studies and Economics. As an undergraduate, he was an active member of the Acacia (fraternity), where he served as Venerable Dean, and received the Award of Merit for his book Acacia Fraternity at Cornell: The First Century. The co-creator of the popular course “AMST 2001: The First American University,” he was also named Historian of the Cornell University Class of 2005. He went on to receive an M.A. in history from the State University of New York at Stony Brook in 2008 and later a PhD of history from Cornell University in 2014.
Career
His work broke into the mainstream media starting in 2019. He was featured in the Discovery+ series “The Book of Queer,” where he was interviewed about President Abraham Lincoln, and the National Geographic mini-series "Rewind the 90s." Balcerski has also appeared on and written for numerous media outlets including The Washington Post, Smithsonian (magazine), and multiple pieces for CNN.
Bosom Friends
Balcerski's first book Bosom Friends: The Intimate World of James Buchanan and William Rufus King evaluates the potential sexual relationship between James Buchanan and William Rufus King. In the book Balcerski focuses on “the significance of male friendships” within the political spheres and personal lives of the antebellum period along with the complexities of political conservatism and the importance of unifying alliances for maintaining Democratic power in the antebellum period. Bosom Friends won the 2019 Best LGBTQ Biography from The Advocate (LGBT magazine). His analysis would conclude that the bachelor president was indeed not participating in a homosexual relationship. Bosom friends had a positive reception, with the National Review stating “[Bosom Friends] provides a useful understanding of the way personal networks and informal groups, such as messes, ran Washington in the mid 19th century,” and The American Historical Review writing that “Balcerski impressively balances the personal and the worldly to produce an original and engaging study both of two men and of the wider antebellum world which they lived in and helped shape.”
Awards
2022 Ray Allen Billington Visiting in U.S. History at Occidental College and a Long-Term Fellow at The Huntington.
References
External links
Living people
American male non-fiction writers
21st-century American historians
21st-century American male writers
Cornell University alumni
1982 births |
2376931 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bright-line%20brown-eye | Bright-line brown-eye | The bright-line brown-eye (Lacanobia oleracea) is a moth of the family Noctuidae. The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in his 1758 10th edition of Systema Naturae. It is a common species throughout Europe, but is also found in North Africa (Morocco and Algeria), temperate North Asia and Central Asia, Asia Minor, Syria, and Turkestan, northern India, China, Korea and Japan.
This species' common name is usefully descriptive: The forewings are dark reddish brown marked with a prominent light orange-brown stigma and a bright white subterminal line. The hindwings are grey, darker towards the termen. The wingspan is 34–44 mm. They are attracted to light, sugar and nectar-rich flowers.
Technical description and variation
Forewing red brown clouded with darker; veins grey, whitish towards termen: reniform stigma orange in its upper part, dark fuscous below; orbicular round, white edged, sometimes very small; submarginal line finely white, toothed on veins 3 and 4 to termen; hindwing dull whitish, pale fuscous towards termen; the veins dark. The ground colour varies on one side to black brown, ab. obscura Spul, and on the other to rufous, ab. rufa Tutt; ab. variegata Aust, from Morocco, is paler, reddish yellow.
The larva is green or brown dotted with white with black and yellow spiracular lines down the side with darker edging. The tubercles are black. It feeds on a wide range of plants and is occasionally a pest of cultivated tomatoes. The species overwinters as a pupa.
It is on wing from the latter half of June to July. Occasionally, there will be a second generation from the end of August to the first half of September.
References
Further reading
Chinery, Michael (1986, reprinted 1991). Collins Guide to the Insects of Britain and Western Europe
Skinner, Bernard (1984). The Colour Identification Guide to Moths of the British Isles
External links
Taxonomy
Lepiforum e.V.
De Vlinderstichting
Lacanobia
Moths described in 1758
Moths of Asia
Moths of Europe
Moths of Japan
Moths of the Middle East
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus |
52074479 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD%20Jano%C5%A1ek | Jiří Janošek | Jiří Janošek is a Czech male track cyclist, representing Czech Republic at international competitions. He competed at the 2016 UEC European Track Championships in the team sprint event and 1km time trial event.
References
Living people
Czech male cyclists
Czech track cyclists
People from Hranice (Přerov District)
1997 births
Sportspeople from the Olomouc Region |
38499156 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail%20Tomsky | Mikhail Tomsky | Mikhail Pavlovich Tomsky (Russian: Михаи́л Па́влович То́мский, born Mikhail Pavlovich Yefremovsometimes transliterated as Efremov; Михаи́л Па́влович Ефре́мов; 31 October 1880 – 22 August 1936) was a factory worker, trade unionist and Bolshevik leader and Soviet politician. He was the Chairman of the All-Union Central Council of Trade Unions in the 1920s.
In his youth, Tomsky worked at the Smirnov Engineering factory in St. Petersburg, but was eventually dismissed from that job for attempting to organise a trade union.
His labour activities radicalized him politically and led him to become a socialist and join the Russian Social Democratic Labour Party in 1904 and eventually join the Bolshevik faction of the party.
During the First Moscow Trial, at the onset of the Great Purge, Tomsky was implicated. He would later commit suicide to avoid arrest by the NKVD in August 1936.
Early life (1880–1920)
Born in Kolpino, Saint Petersburg Governorate in a lower-middle-class family of Russian ethnicity, Tomsky moved to Estonia (then part of the Russian Empire) and was involved in the 1905 Revolution. He helped form the Revel Soviet of Workers' Deputies and the Revel Union of Metal Workers. Tomsky was arrested and deported to Siberia.
He escaped and returned to St. Petersburg where he became president of the Union of Engravers and Chromolithographers.
Tomsky was arrested in 1908 and then exiled to France, but returned to Russia in 1909 where he was again arrested for his political activities and sentenced to five years of hard labour. He was freed by the Provisional Government after the February Revolution in 1917 and moved to Moscow where he participated in the October Revolution. In 1918 he attended the Fourth All Russian Conference of Trade Unions (12–17 March), where he moved a resolution concerning the Relations between the Trade Unions and the Commissariat for Labour which stated that the October Revolution had changed "the meaning and character of state organs and significance of proletarian organs as well". It was elaborated that previously the old ministry of Labour had acted as arbitrator between Labour and Capital, whereas the new Commissariat was the champion of the economic policy of the working class.
Career (1920–1928)
He was elected to the Central Committee in March 1919, to its Orgburo in 1921 and to the Politburo in April 1922.
Tomsky was an ally of Nikolai Bukharin and Alexey Rykov, who led the moderate (or right) wing of the Communist Party in the 1920s.
Together, they were allied with Joseph Stalin's faction and helped him purge the United Opposition - led by Leon Trotsky, Lev Kamenev, and Grigory Zinoviev - from the Party during the struggle that followed Lenin's death in 1924.
Demise (1928–1936)
In 1928 Stalin moved against his former allies, defeating Bukharin, Rykov and Tomsky at the April 1929 Plenary Meeting of the Central Committee and forcing Tomsky to resign from his position as leader of the trade union movement in May 1929. Tomsky was put in charge of the Soviet chemical industry, a position which he occupied until 1930. He was not re-elected to the Politburo after the 16th Communist Party Congress in July 1930, but remained a full member of the Central Committee until the next Congress in January 1934, when he was demoted to candidate (non-voting) member.
Tomsky headed the State Publishing House from May 1932 until August 1936, when he was accused of terrorist connections during the First Moscow Trial of Zinoviev and Kamenev. Rather than face arrest by the NKVD, Tomsky committed suicide by gunshot in his dacha in Bolshevo, near Moscow.
Legacy
Tomsky was posthumously found guilty of participation in an anti-Soviet conspiracy during the Trial of the Twenty-One in March 1938.
In 1988, during Perestroika, the Soviet government cleared Tomsky of all charges, and he was reinstated as a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union.
References
Bibliography
Politicheckie deyateli Rossii 1917: Biograficheskij slovar'. Moscow, 1993. Excerpts available online.
Robert C. Tucker, Memoir of a Stalin Biographer
External links
Tomsky Archive Marxists Internet Archive
The trade unions, the party and the state a pamphlet by Tomsky
1880 births
1936 suicides
1936 deaths
People from Kolpino
People from Tsarskoselsky Uyezd
Old Bolsheviks
Candidates of the Orgburo of the 9th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Members of the Orgburo of the 10th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Members of the Orgburo of the 11th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Members of the Orgburo of the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Candidates of the Orgburo of the 13th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Members of the Politburo of the 11th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Members of the Politburo of the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Members of the Politburo of the 13th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Members of the Politburo of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Members of the Politburo of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Members of the Central Committee of the 8th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Members of the Central Committee of the 9th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Members of the Central Committee of the 10th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Members of the Central Committee of the 11th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Members of the Central Committee of the 12th Congress of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Members of the Central Committee of the 13th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Members of the Central Committee of the 14th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Members of the Central Committee of the 15th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Members of the Central Committee of the 16th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Candidates of the Central Committee of the 17th Congress of the All-Union Communist Party (Bolsheviks)
Executive Committee of the Communist International
Right Opposition
Soviet politicians who committed suicide
Suicides by firearm in the Soviet Union
Suicides by firearm in Russia
Soviet rehabilitations |
40723560 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geochemical%20cycle | Geochemical cycle | In Earth science, a geochemical cycle is the pathway that chemical elements take in the surface and crust of the Earth. The term "geochemical" tells us that geological and chemical factors are all included. The migration of heated and compressed chemical elements and compounds such as silicon, aluminium, and general alkali metals through the means of subduction and volcanism is known in the geological world as geochemical cycles.
The geochemical cycle encompasses the natural separation and concentration of elements and heat-assisted recombination processes. Changes may not be apparent over a short term, such as with biogeochemical cycles, but over a long term changes of great magnitude occur, including the evolution of continents and oceans.
Differentiating biogeochemical cycles
Some may use the terms biogeochemical cycle and geochemical cycle interchangeably because both cycles deal with Earth's reservoirs. However, a biogeochemical cycle refers to the chemical interactions in surface reservoirs such as the atmosphere, hydrosphere, lithosphere, and biosphere whereas a geochemical cycle refers to the chemical interactions that exist in crustal and sub crustal reservoirs such as the deep earth and lithosphere.
Earth system
The Earth, as a system, is open to radiation from the sun and space, but is practically closed with regard to matter. As all closed systems, it follows the law of conservation of mass which states that matter cannot be created nor destroyed, thus, the matter, although transformed and migrated, remains the same as when the Earth was formed. The Earth system contains seven different reservoirs that are separated into surface reservoirs, which include atmosphere, hydrosphere, biosphere, pedosphere, and lithosphere and the isolated reservoirs that include deep Earth and outer space. Geochemical cycles are concerned with the interactions between deep earth which consists of Earth's mantle and core, and the lithosphere which consists of the Earth's crust.
Pathways
Flux in geochemical cycles is the movement of material between the deep Earth and the surface reservoirs. This occurs through two different processes: volcanism and subduction of tectonic plates.
Subduction is the process that takes place at convergent boundaries by which one tectonic plate moves under another tectonic plate and sinks into the mantle as the plates converge. This leads to the sinking of one plate into the mantle which creates a broad range of geochemical transformations or cycling.
Volcanism is the process that takes place at divergent boundaries by which one tectonic plate separates from another creating a rift in which molten rock (magma) erupts onto the surface of the Earth. This molten rock magma then cools and crystallizes, forming igneous rocks. If crystallization occurs at the Earth's surface, extrusive igneous rocks are formed; if crystallization occurs within the Earth's lithosphere, intrusive igneous rocks are formed which can then be brought to Earth's surface by denudation
Important cycles
Categories and examples of geochemical cycles:
See also
Geotraces
Ozone–oxygen cycle
References
Geochemistry |
39013229 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie%20Osborn | Leslie Osborn | Leslie Osborn (born October 17, 1963) is an American politician serving as the Oklahoma labor commissioner. She was previously a member of the Oklahoma House of Representatives from 2008 to 2018.
Early life and career
Leslie was born in Salina, Kansas. She graduated from Oklahoma State University in 1986.
Career
Osborn has owned her own business for 22 years, Osborn Pick-Up Accessories.
Oklahoma House of Representatives
Osborn won the November 2008 general election for an open seat to represent District 47 of the Oklahoma House of Representatives, which includes the towns of Mustang and Tuttle and parts of Canadian County and Grady County.
The state lawmaker was appointed by T.W. Shannon to chair the Judiciary Committee in 2013, the first female in state history to do so.
In 2013, she ran the landmark workers’ compensation reform bill, changing the judicial system to an updated administrative system.
From December 2014 to December 2015 she served as chair of the budget subcommittee on Natural Resources & Regulatory Services.
On December 9, 2016, House Speaker Charles McCall appointed Representative Osborn to chair the House Appropriations and Budget Committee, the first Republican female to do so.
Oklahoma labor commissioner
In November 2018, Osborn was elected labor commissioner and is serving a four-year term.
Personal life
She is the mother of two children.
References
1963 births
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American women politicians
Living people
Republican Party members of the Oklahoma House of Representatives
Oklahoma Labor Commissioners
People from Mustang, Oklahoma
Politicians from Salina, Kansas
Women state legislators in Oklahoma |
34075578 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20results%20for%20the%20district%20of%20Coomera | Electoral results for the district of Coomera | This is a list of electoral results for the electoral district of Coomera in Queensland state elections.
Members for Coomera
Election results
Elections in the 2020s
Elections in the 2010s
Elections in the 2000s
References
Queensland state electoral results by district |
3639627 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9th%20Pennsylvania%20Cavalry%20Regiment | 9th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment | The 9th Pennsylvania Cavalry Regiment was a Union Army cavalry regiment that participated in the American Civil War. It was one of the most respected Union volunteer cavalry units in the war.
History
The regiment was organized August 29, 1861, at Camp Cameron near Harrisburg. It was composed of 12 companies, mostly recruited from the counties of south-central and southeast Pennsylvania.
Its officers were Col. Edward C. Williams, Lt. Col. Thomas C. James, Major Charles A. Appel and Maj. Thomas Jefferson Jordan. Williams was a famous soldier in central Pennsylvania, a bookbinder from Harrisburg who had been a hero in the Mexican–American War. James had served as Captain of the First Troop Philadelphia City Cavalry, a militia unit active since before the Revolutionary War. He brought a great knowledge of cavalry organization and tactics. Jordan served until the end of the war, attaining the rank of Brevet Brigadier General. The original officers of the 9th Pennsylvania Cavalry were politically appointed, but many had previous military experience.
After recruitment and initial training, the regiment was sent to Kentucky, where it was assigned to the Department of the Cumberland and given additional training. In March, it was ordered into Tennessee, where it fought several battles over the next few months with John Hunt Morgan's Confederate cavalry, capturing hundreds of his men, including his second-in-command and his quartermaster.
After the Battle of Richmond on August 30, 1862, it covered the retreat of the Union Army of Kentucky along with the 9th Kentucky Cavalry. Being assigned to the Army of the Ohio, it saw only some skirmishing at the Battle of Perryville on October 8, 1862.
Near the end of January 1863, Colonel Williams resigned his commission and Lieutenant Colonel James died, leaving Major Jordan in command of the 9th. During the Chickamauga campaign during the late summer of 1863, the regiment fought in several skirmishes and captured part of the advance guard of Lt. Gen. James Longstreet's corps. During the Battle of Chickamauga, it guarded the right flank of the Union army, and, after the rout of the Union left wing, continued fighting with Thomas.
In April 1864, the regiment re-enlisted and was given a furlough so it could return to Pennsylvania to recruit more men. The 9th helped defeat Morgan during another of his raids into Kentucky and in September fought Joseph Wheeler's raid into Tennessee.
After this, it joined Sherman in his march to the sea and later in his march through the Carolinas, fighting several times with Wheeler, including at the Battle of Griswoldville. During this time, Colonel Jordan was promoted to brigadier general and Lieutenant Colonel Kimmel was promoted to command of the regiment. On April 17, 1865, the 9th served as part of the escort who traveled with General Sherman to meet General Johnston at the Bennett Farm near Durham Station. After the surrender of General Joseph E. Johnston's army at the Bennett Place in North Carolina, the 9th was mustered out at Lexington, Kentucky, and finally disbanded at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania.
The 9th fought against the famous Confederate leaders Forrest, Wheeler and Morgan, among others. Even early in the war when Confederate cavalry was normally superior to most Union forces, the regiment won most of its encounters with the enemy. An 1866 account reports the regimental casualties during the 1864 March to The Sea:
November 21 near Macon Georgia – 1 missing
November 22 at Griswold Georgia – 5 killed/21 wounded/42 captured
December 2 forgers – 4 missing
December 3 forgers near Thomas Station – 8 missing
December 4 in action at Waynesboro – 1 killed/12 wounded {Note:earlier note reports casualties as 1 killed/2 mortally wounded/11 wounded}
Foragers missing during campaign – 12 missing
Captured: 288 horses; 152 mules; 2 carbines
Abandoned: 441 horses; 13 mules; 57 sets of horse equipment; 13 carbines; 17 sabres
Lost in action: 91 horses; 97 sets of horse-equipments; 95 carbines; 77 sabres; 11 colt revolvers
Casualties
Killed and mortally wounded: 6 officers, 66 enlisted men
Died of disease: 2 officers, 155 enlisted men
Wounded: ? officers, ? enlisted men
Captured: ? officers, ? enlisted men
Total: ? officers, ? enlisted men
References
Further reading
Rowell, John W. Yankee Cavalrymen. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1971.
Units and formations of the Union Army from Pennsylvania
1861 establishments in Pennsylvania
Military units and formations established in 1861
Military units and formations disestablished in 1865 |
19829322 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strzelnia | Strzelnia | Strzelnia is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Grudusk, within Ciechanów County, Masovian Voivodeship, in east-central Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Grudusk, north of Ciechanów, and north of Warsaw.
References
Strzelnia |
14810251 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eino%20Puri | Eino Puri | Eino Puri (born 7 May 1988) is an Estonian professional footballer who plays as a midfielder for Trysil FK.
Club career
Puri began his professional career with Tartu SK 10 before signing for FCI Levadia Tallinn in 2005. From 2011 to 2016 he played for Nõmme Kalju.
International career
Puri was capped by Estonia at under-19, under-21 and under-23 level. He made his debut for the senior national team on 29 May 2009 in a friendly match against Wales, coming on as a late substitute and earned a total of 5 caps for the national side.
Personal life
Puri is one of three triplets: his brother, Sander Puri, is also a footballer and his sister, Kadri Puri, is a volleyball player.
Honours
FCI Levadia Tallinn
Estonian Top Division: 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009
Runners Up: 2005
Estonian Cup: 2005, 2007
Estonian Supercup
Runners Up: 2005, 2007, 2008
Nõmme Kalju FC
Estonian Top Division: 2012
Estonian Cup: 2015
References
External links
Eino Puri at the Estonian Football Association (in Estonian)
Profile on Soccernet.ee
Eino Puri at NFF
1988 births
Triplets
Footballers from Tartu
Living people
Estonian men's footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Estonia men's international footballers
Estonia men's under-21 international footballers
Estonian expatriate men's footballers
Meistriliiga players
FCI Levadia Tallinn players
Viljandi JK Tulevik players
Nõmme Kalju FC players
Liga I players
FC Botoșani players
Expatriate men's footballers in Romania
Estonian expatriate sportspeople in Romania
Tartu JK Tammeka players
Expatriate men's footballers in Norway
Estonian expatriate sportspeople in Norway |
6319985 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kninska%20Krajina | Kninska Krajina | Kninska Krajina ("Knin Krajina") is a geographical and historical region in Croatia, part of the larger Zagora (hinterland) region. It is located around the town of Knin.
Geography
Kninska Krajina is situated between Bukovica in the southwest, Lika in the northwest, Drniška krajina (in Zagora) in the south, Cetinska krajina in the southwest, and (Završje) Bosnia and Herzegovina in the east.
History
Middle Ages
In the 6th century, the region was settled by Slavs (Sklavenoi). Knin itself was first mentioned by Byzantine Emperor Constantine Porphyrogenitus (r. 913–959) as the centre of a parish under Croatian rule. At the request of King Peter Krešimir IV of Croatia (r. 1058–1075), Knin became an episcopal see and the bishop of Knin held a title bishop of Croats (episcopus Chroatorum). Demetrius Zvonimir of Croatia (r. 1075–1089) was seated in the town.
There are remains of Serbian churches and monasteries in this region dating from 15th century. This suggest that Serb people lived here for several centuries.
In the 15th century, the Ottoman Empire occupied the area resulting in most of the native population fleeing the region. It was largely abandoned and devastated as the Ottoman army advanced towards the north and west. The region was administrated into the Sanjak of Kirka.
Modern period
By the 17th and 18th centuries, the Austrian Empire managed to thwart the Ottoman advances; meanwhile, the area had been slowly repopulated by Eastern Orthodox Christian Serbs since at least the 15th century. These Serbs had fled the Ottomans and were given lands in exchange for military service in the so-called Military Frontier (the Austro-Hungarian-Ottoman buffer zone).
In 1990, the Serbian autonomous region known as SAO Kninska Krajina was established with a local government, named after this geographical region. This region, along with other Serb-inhabited autonomous regions were merged to form the Republic of Serbian Krajina which sought to remain in union with Serbia and Montenegro upon Croatia's proclamation of independence in 1991. The area was ethnically cleansed of non-Serbs. In 1995, the Croatian army retook the region in Operation Storm, and the majority of the Serb population fled or was displaced. Today, the region is sparsely populated due to few economic opportunities.
See also
Geography of Croatia
References
Dr Jovan Plavša, Stanovništvo Kninske Krajine, Novi Sad, 1997.
Regions of Croatia
Dalmatia
Šibenik-Knin County |
2452465 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desolation%20Boulevard | Desolation Boulevard | Desolation Boulevard is the third studio album by the British glam rock band Sweet, originally released in the United Kingdom in November 1974. Two noticeably different versions of the album were released: one by RCA Records in Europe, and another by Capitol Records in the United States, Canada and Japan.
The RCA version contains the single "Turn It Down" and the original recording of "Fox on the Run." The Capitol version, released in the United States in July 1975, includes the band's 1973 hit single "The Ballroom Blitz" and the single version of "Fox on the Run." In the U.S., the album peaked at #25 on October 25, 1975.
Desolation Boulevard is considered by many to be the band's best album. Andy Scott, Sweet's guitarist, said of Desolation Boulevard: "Such diversity only proves that the band was never going to be just formulaic, giving this album a definitive place in Sweet history".
Cover artwork
The album artwork was done by art design group Hipgnosis, famous for working with the likes of Pink Floyd, Genesis, The Alan Parsons Project, and Led Zeppelin. The background photo was shot near the entrance of a rock music club called Filthy McNasty's, located at 8852 Sunset Boulevard in West Hollywood, California. Today, it is the site of The Viper Room, which is where actor River Phoenix died of a drug overdose on Halloween morning in 1993.
Track listing
All songs written and composed by Brian Connolly, Steve Priest, Andy Scott and Mick Tucker except where noted.
RCA release
Side one
"The Six Teens" (Mike Chapman, Nicky Chinn) – 4:02
"Solid Gold Brass" – 5:33
"Turn It Down" (Chapman, Chinn) – 3:30
"Medusa" ("Medussa", on remastered CD editions 1999 and 2005) (Scott) – 4:45
"Lady Starlight" (Scott) – 3:12
Side two
"The Man with the Golden Arm" (Elmer Bernstein, Sylvia Fine) – 8:27
"Fox on the Run" – 4:47
"Breakdown" – 3:06
"My Generation" (Pete Townshend) – 3:59
Bonus tracks on 1997 reissue
"Burning" – 4:07
"Rock & Roll Disgrace" – 3:50
Bonus tracks on 1999 reissue
"I Wanna Be Committed" – 3:10
"Teenage Rampage" (single A-side) – 3:32
Bonus tracks on 2005 reissue
"Teenage Rampage" (Chapman, Chinn) – 3:52
"Own Up, Take a Look at Yourself" (B-side of "Teenage Rampage") – 3:58
"Burn on the Flame" (B-side of "The Six Teens") – 3:37
"Someone Else Will" (B-side of "Turn It Down") – 3:25
"Medussa" (home demo – previously unreleased) – 5:51
"Burn on the Flame" (home demo – previously unreleased) – 3:57
"I Wanna Be Committed" (Chapman, Chinn) – 3:10
"Fox on the Run" (7" version) – 3:24
"Miss Demeanor" (B-side of "Fox On The Run") – 3:17
Capitol release
The Capitol version of Desolation Boulevard was released in the United States and Canada in July 1975. It was different from the U.K. version and included several songs from their previous album Sweet Fanny Adams in addition to the "Ballroom Blitz" and "Fox on the Run" singles.
Side one
"Ballroom Blitz" (Chapman, Chinn) – 4:00
"The Six Teens" (stylized as "The 6-Teens") (Chapman, Chinn) – 4:04
"No You Don't" (Chapman, Chinn) – 4:36
"A.C.D.C." (Chapman, Chinn) – 3:28
"I Wanna Be Committed" (Chapman, Chinn) – 3:14
Side two
"Sweet F.A." (Scott, Tucker, Connolly, Priest) – 6:16
"Fox on the Run" (Scott, Tucker, Connolly, Priest) (single version) – 3:28
"Set Me Free" (Scott) – 3:59
"Into the Night" (Scott) – 4:25
"Solid Gold Brass" (Scott, Tucker, Connolly, Priest) (with guitar overdub) – 5:35
Personnel
Sweet
Brian Connolly – lead vocals (except as noted)
Steve Priest – bass, lead vocals (UK tracks 9, 18; US track 3), backing vocals
Andy Scott – guitars, synthesizer, lead vocals (UK tracks 5, 6; US track 9), backing vocals
Mick Tucker – drums, percussion, backing vocals
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications and sales
References
The Sweet albums
1974 albums
Albums produced by Mike Chapman
RCA Records albums
Capitol Records albums
Albums with cover art by Hipgnosis |
3008265 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right%20to%20counsel | Right to counsel | In criminal law, the right to counsel means a defendant has a legal right to have the assistance of counsel (i.e., lawyers) and, if the defendant cannot afford a lawyer, requires that the government appoint one or pay the defendant's legal expenses. The right to counsel is generally regarded as a constituent of the right to a fair trial. Historically, however, not all countries have always recognized the right to counsel. The right is often included in national constitutions. Of the 194 constitutions currently in force, 153 have language to this effect.
Around the world
Australia
In Australia, suspects and defendants have the right to have legal representation during investigation and trial. Australian law does not recognize a right to publicly-funded legal defense, but does recognize that in the absence of counsel the accused may not receive a fair trial as mandated by law. Only the states of Victoria and New South Wales have dedicated public defender systems. Courts have the power to stay proceedings when they determine there is a risk of unfair trial. The High Court of Australia ruled in Dietrich v The Queen that while indigent defendants are not entitled to legal defense as a guaranteed right, a judge should typically grant a request for an adjournment or stay in most serious criminal cases where a defendant is unrepresented, and should allow a trial where a defendant accused of a serious criminal offense is left unrepresented to proceed only in exceptional circumstances. Each state and territory of Australia has a Legal Aid Commission to provide legal services in criminal, civil, and family law matters to the indigent, but will only assist those who meet their threshold criteria, particularly with regard to income. Anyone accused of a Commonwealth crime, or crime falling within the jurisdiction of the federal government, has the right to ask a judge for counsel within two weeks of committal, and the judge may appoint a lawyer if convinced that the defendant cannot afford counsel. A network of community legal centres also exists to provide legal services free of charge to poor people who do not qualify for Legal Aid. Although they receive federal and state funding, they are independent non-profit organizations which rely on lawyers to staff them on a volunteer basis. Most cannot adequately keep up with demand and must turn some people away. Those who cannot obtain any kind of legal assistance may go unrepresented if they cannot pay for a lawyer.
Brazil
The Constitution of Brazil declares that all defendants have right to counsel, and mandates that all defendants who cannot pay for an attorney are entitled to state-funded legal representation in all criminal and civil cases. Public defender's offices exist at both state and federal levels as mandated by the constitution. A person must formally declare that they cannot afford regular legal aid to benefit from public defenders' services.
Canada
In Canada, the right to counsel is guaranteed under Section Ten of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms upon "arrest and detention", as well as the right to habeas corpus. In October 2010, the Supreme Court of Canada ruled in the case R v Sinclair that the right to counsel during interrogation is not absolute in Canada. It said that importing US-style Miranda rights was not in the interests of Canada. The ruling was a bare majority ruling, with a strenuously voiced minority opinion stating that it would lead to more false confessions and wrongful convictions.
China
According to Article 125 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China and Article 11 of the Criminal Procedure Law of 1996, Chinese citizens have the right to legal counsel in court. The accused's right to counsel in China only comes into being once a case goes to trial. It does not exist at the investigative stage. A suspect under investigation only has the right to retain a lawyer to assist in securing bail, making procedural complaints, and seeking details from the police on the nature of the crime alleged, and not to start building a defense. A suspect gains the right to retain a lawyer upon having been interrogated or subjected to movement restrictions by the authorities. In cases defined as involving state secrets, the right to counsel is more heavily restricted: a lawyer may only be appointed to assist the suspect with the investigating body's permission. Chinese law allows courts to appoint a lawyer for a defendant unable to hire one, and it is mandatory for courts to appoint a lawyer to the blind, deaf, and mute, minors, and anyone facing the death penalty. The Chinese government operates thousands of legal aid centers nationwide for indigent defendants. The provincial governments rather than the central government are responsible for setting the threshold at which an economically disadvantaged person meets the criteria for legal assistance.
Ethiopia
The right to counsel is considered a constitutional right in Ethiopia. As per Article 20(5) of the Constitution of Ethiopia, "Accused persons have the right to be represented by legal counsel of their choice, and, if they do not have sufficient means to pay for it and miscarriage of justice would result, to be provided with legal representation at state expense." Ethiopia has public defender systems at both the federal and regional levels, however problems exist with public defense services being inadequate in some areas. A public defender can be assigned on request of the defendant or if the court so chooses. In addition to the public defender system, the Ethiopian judicial system also provides for private attorneys to offer pro bono representation to indigent defendants. Article 49 of the Federal Court Advocates’ Code of Conduct mandates that private attorneys must offer a minimum of 50 hours of legal representation for free or with minimum payment.
France
The Napoleonic Code of Criminal Instruction, adopted in France in 1808 and inspiring many similar codes in civil law countries, made it compulsory that the defendant should have a lawyer when tried in the assize courts (which judged severe crimes). All criminal defendants in France enjoy right to counsel, and there is also a right to counsel in civil and administrative cases. State-funded legal aid for those facing criminal, civil, and administrative cases is available to those legally resident in France, and in some cases can be used for cases in another jurisdiction in Europe. Eligibility is means-tested, with a sliding scale of support based on income. Those at or below the lowest threshold are entitled to full legal assistance with all costs paid by the state, while higher-income individuals are entitled to have only 55% or 25% of their legal costs covered, depending on their income. State-funded legal advice is provided through a network of public legal advice centers throughout France. Some centers offer free legal advice to anyone living in the department while others restrict their services to those with modest incomes.
Germany
In Germany, it is mandatory that all defendants charged with a crime carrying a penalty of at least one year in prison have legal counsel, even if they themselves do not wish to have it, and the court will appoint a lawyer to represent a defendant who has not done so. There is no organized public defender system in Germany. The court can appoint any lawyer as counsel to a specific defendant, and a defendant may select a specific lawyer. The defendant will not be charged for legal services if acquitted, but will be liable to pay the lawyer's expenses if convicted unless the court finds that the defendant is indigent. In civil cases, the state provides legal representation, legal advice, and help in covering court costs to those who cannot raise the necessary funds to hire an attorney, but only when it is deemed that there is a reasonable chance of success.
India
Article 22 of the Constitution of India states that "No person who is arrested shall be detained in custody without being informed, as soon as may be, of the grounds for such arrest nor shall he be denied the right to consult, and to be defended by, a legal practitioner of his choice." In 2011, the Supreme Court of India ruled that a court could not decide a case without a lawyer present for the defendant, and mandated that a court must appoint a lawyer when the defendant cannot afford one. Public legal assistance is provided through the National Legal Services Authority and state-level legal services organizations. Courts appoint legal aid lawyers in both civil and criminal cases.
Israel
All defendants, detainees, and criminal suspects in Israel are entitled to legal representation in any criminal proceedings pertaining to them and all suspects are also entitled to consult a lawyer prior to police interrogation. However, only those deemed eligible are entitled to state-funded representation if they cannot afford a lawyer. The Israeli Justice Ministry maintains the Public Defense unit to provide state-funded legal counsel to eligible defendants. In criminal trials, all defendants charged with a severe crime carrying a penalty of at least 10 years imprisonment and indigent defendants charged with a crime carrying a penalty of at least 5 years imprisonment are entitled to representation by the Public Defense, as are juveniles and the disabled. All indigent detainees and detainess for whom a request has been filed for remand until the end of proceedings are also entitled to representation from the Public Defense, as are prisoners who are facing parole hearings, anyone facing extradition proceedings, and sentenced defendants requesting retrial when cause is found.
All defendants facing civil cases also have the right to counsel. The Ministry of Justice operates a Legal Aid Department to assist those eligible for state-funded legal aid in civil cases. Legal aid in civil cases is provided for a variety of fields, and applicants must typically meet the financial eligibility test to receive legal aid. However, in some categories of civil cases, legal aid is provided without an examination of financial eligibility.
Japan
The Constitution of Japan guarantees the right to legal counsel. If a defendant is a minor or is found to be unable to pay for a lawyer, the court may appoint one at no expense to the defendant. The right to court-appointed counsel only exists after charges are brought. Following arrest a suspect is entitled to one free visit from a duty lawyer who will provide legal advice, explain the law and procedures involved, and contact the suspect's family, but the suspect must pay for further assistance from the attorney. Suspects are not entitled to have a lawyer present when interrogated by police.
Peru
Article 121 of the Peruvian Penal Code states that before the prosecution begins, a judge must inform a defendant of his or her right to counsel, and if the defendant does not choose a lawyer, one will be assigned to the case. If no lawyer is available, an "honorable person" must take the place of a lawyer. Defendants have the right to refuse counsel unless illiterate or a minor, in which case a judge may impose a lawyer on the accused.
Portugal
Under Article 20 (titled Access to law and effective judicial protection) of the Portuguese Constitution, every citizen has the right to legal information, legal counselling, and legal assistance as part of the wider right to legal protection.
Russia
All criminal defendants and suspects in Russia have the right to legal assistance. A suspect has the right to a lawyer from the time they are declared a suspect in a criminal case. The Russian Code of Criminal Procedure mandates that if a detained person has no lawyer, the detective, investigator, or judge must request the local bar association to appoint an attorney for the suspect. The head of the bar association then distributes appointments between its members, who do not have the right to refuse the case assignments. The attorney must ask the family of the suspect if they have appointed anyone else, and if not the investigator or judge gives them power of attorney. However, the public defender system has been heavily criticized by Russian lawyers for the way it works in practice. Investigators often appoint lawyers themselves without waiting for the detained to choose, and prefer to appoint lawyers with whom they have a comfortable working relationship with, so in practice the publicly appointed lawyers will often in fact help the prosecution by not vigorously defending their clients and simply signing the necessary documents and attending the necessary proceedings, and investigators will stop appointing lawyers who inconvenience the prosecution. Defendants may opt for privately retained counsel instead, though some administrative obstacles exist. For cases tried by the Federal Security Service or Main Investigative Directorate, there is a closed group of attorneys who represent defendants.
United Kingdom
England and Wales
Before the Prisoners' Counsel Act 1836, felony defendants did not have the formal right of being represented by a counsel in English courts although, from the mid-18th century such had been routinely indulged where defendants could afford them. It was thought, at the time, that the presence of defence counsel would serve no purpose in criminal proceedings, where what matters is deciding fact: the defendant should simply tell the truth to the court, without the interference of some counsel. William Hawkins in his A Treatise of the Pleas of the Crown: or a system of the principal matters, relating to that subject, digested under their proper heads Vol. II. of 1721 wrote........
[I]t requires no manner of Skill to make a plain and honest Defence, which ... is always the best; the Simplicity and Innocence, artless and ingenuous Behaviour of one whose Conscience acquits him, having something in it more moving and convincing than the highest Eloquence of a Person speaking in a cause not their own.
This changed as more and more prosecutions became, for reasons of public policy, funded by the Crown, who employed professional counsel. An innate sense of fair-play prevailed therefore, permitting defence counsel to be present, albeit at the defendant's own expense. Penurious defendants were obviously at a significant disadvantage.
Legal aid in England and Wales is provided through the Legal Aid Agency, which provides aid in both civil and criminal cases. Legal aid in civil cases is means-tested, with only those showing they cannot afford the legal costs and the case is serious eligible. In criminal cases, everyone questioned at a police station is entitled to free legal advice. Legal aid in criminal trials is also means-tested unless the defendant is under 16 or under 18 and in full-time education, or receiving certain benefits. A defendant may be asked to pay a contribution for their defense.
Scotland
The Scottish Legal Aid Board provides civil and criminal legal aid in Scotland. In criminal cases, legal aid is provided if facing serious charges likely to result in a prison sentence or job loss, the mentally and physically disabled, those who do not speak English as a first language, those held on remand, and those facing appeals. Those requesting legal aid must show that they cannot afford to pay their own legal costs or doing so would be unfair to themselves or their families. Legal aid in civil cases is provided for applicants who show they cannot pay for their own legal costs, as well as those whose cases are deemed to have a legal basis to go forward.
Northern Ireland
The Legal Services Agency of Northern Ireland provides civil and criminal legal aid. Civil legal aid is means-tested. Criminal legal aid is provided free of charge to anyone facing police questioning. For criminal trials, legal aid is means-tested and is also merit-tested to determine whether it is in the interests of justice that the defendant receive legal aid.
United States
The Sixth Amendment to the United States Constitution provides:
The assistance of counsel clause includes, as relevant here, five distinct rights: the right to counsel of choice, the right to appointed counsel, the right to conflict-free counsel, the effective assistance of counsel, and the right to represent oneself pro se.
A defendant does not have a Sixth Amendment right to counsel in any civil proceeding, including a deportation hearing (even though deportability is often a collateral consequence of criminal conviction). However, as described below, there are certain civil proceedings where parties have a right to appointed counsel; such a right is pursuant to the Fourteenth Amendment's due process or equal protection clause, a state constitution's due process or equal protection clause, or a federal/state statute.
Subject to considerations such as conflicts of interest, scheduling, counsel's authorization to practice law in the jurisdiction, and counsel's willingness to represent the defendant (whether pro bono or for a fee), criminal defendants have a right to be represented by counsel of their choice. The remedy for erroneous deprivation of first choice counsel is automatic reversal.
Appointment of counsel for indigent litigants
A criminal defendant unable to afford counsel has the right to appointed counsel at the government's expense. While the Supreme Court recognized this right gradually, it currently applies in all federal and state criminal proceedings where the defendant faces authorized imprisonment greater than one year (a "felony") or where the defendant is actually imprisoned, including imposition of a suspended incarceration sentence of any length.
Criminal defendants in misdemeanor cases do not have a right to appointed counsel if they are not sentenced to actual imprisonment, even if that conviction is later used to enhance sentencing for another crime, or even if the revocation of probation may result in actual imprisonment (although for parole revocation, the court evaluates the right to counsel on a case-by-case-basis). Nor does the defendant have the right to appointed counsel to raise frivolous arguments on direct appeal, or to raise any arguments on habeas or other collateral appeal, even if facing execution. One federal court has held that a state court must appoint counsel upon imposition of probation, regardless of whether a separate suspended sentence of incarceration is also imposed and regardless of whether counsel is provided for any subsequent probation revocation proceeding, while others have held or suggested that if probation is imposed without counsel, then a person may not be subsequently jailed for violation of that probation.
With respect to federal law on civil proceedings, there is a constitutional right to counsel for juveniles in delinquency proceedings, and there is a right to "qualified and independent assistance" (although not necessarily an attorney) for prisoners involuntarily transferred to a mental health facility. The federal constitutional right to appointed counsel in termination of parental rights proceedings is on a case-by-case basis. For civil contempt proceedings related to failure to pay child support, the U.S. Supreme Court has said there is no federal constitutional right to counsel even if the litigant is being jailed, provided that all of the following is true: a) the state is providing sufficient procedural safeguards to ensure the person actually has the ability to pay but is refusing to do so; b) the matter is not "unusually complex"; and c) the plaintiff is neither the government nor represented by counsel. Federal statutory law provides for a right to counsel in certain types of federal court proceedings, such as civil forfeiture of a primary residence or proceedings involving those in active military service. Finally, all states provide a right to counsel by either statute, court decision, or court rule in at least some civil proceedings, with the most commonly covered proceedings being termination of parental rights, abuse/neglect, civil commitment, paternity, and civil contempt. The state court decisions can be based on interpretation of either the federal or state constitution, and under basic principles of federalism, a state court can grant more rights under its state constitution than the Supreme Court has recognized under the federal constitution.
Conflict-free counsel
Whether counsel is retained or appointed, the defendant has a right to counsel without a conflict of interest. If an actual conflict of interest is present, and that conflict results in any adverse effect on the representation, the result is automatic reversal. The general rule is that conflicts can be knowingly and intelligently waived, but some conflicts are unwaivable.
Ineffective assistance of counsel
In Strickland v. Washington (1984), the Court held that, on collateral review, a defendant may obtain relief if the defendant demonstrates both
that defense counsel's performance fell below an objective standard of reasonableness (the "performance prong") and
that, but for the deficient performance, there is a reasonable probability that the result of the proceeding would have been different (the "prejudice prong").
To satisfy the prejudice prong of Strickland, a defendant who pleads guilty must show that, but for counsel's deficient performance, they would not have pleaded guilty. In Padilla v. Kentucky (2010), the Court held that counsel's failure to inform an alien pleading guilty of the risk of deportation fell below the objective standard of the performance prong of Strickland and permitted an alien who would not have pleaded guilty but for such failure to withdraw his guilty plea.
Pro se representation
In Faretta v. California (1975), the court held that a criminal defendant has the right to knowingly and voluntarily opt for pro se representation at trial. This right is not per se violated by the appointment of standby counsel. There is no constitutional right to self-representation on appeal.
Singapore
The Constitution of Singapore mandates that "Where a person is arrested, he shall be informed as soon as may be of the grounds of his arrest and shall be allowed to consult and be defended by a legal practitioner of his choice." The Supreme Court of Singapore ruled that this means that the accused must be given counsel in a reasonable period of time from the arrest, but not necessarily immediately after the arrest. In criminal cases, the government only provides state-funded legal assistance when the accused faces the death penalty, but it provides legal representation and advice in a variety of civil cases. State-funded legal assistance is provided through the Ministry of Law's Legal Aid Bureau. Most clients must pay a fee to the Legal Aid Bureau, though their financial means are taken into account when the amount they must pay is determined. The Law Society of Singapore also provides pro bono legal representation to indigent defendants facing criminal charges that do not carry the death penalty through its Criminal Legal Aid Scheme.
See also
Miranda rights
Civil rights
Criminal justice
References
Criminal procedure |
38949524 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleksandr%20Abramenko | Oleksandr Abramenko | Oleksandr Volodymyrovych Abramenko (; born 4 May 1988) is a Ukrainian Olympic gold medalist freestyle skier, specializing in aerials. He is the 2015–16 Aerials World Cup winner. He competed at the 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018 Winter Olympics, winning the Olympic gold medal in the men's aerials event at Pyeongchang. Abramenko is also 2019 World Championships and 2022 Winter Olympics silver medalist.
Career
Abramenko competed at the 2005 World Championships in Ruka, Finland, where he was 25th. Abramenko made his World Cup debut on 8 January 2006 in Mont Gabriel, Canada. He placed eighteenth. Even though he was quite young and inexperienced, he competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. In aerials, he did not advance, placing 27th in the qualifying round. On 6 March 2006, he won a silver medal at the 2006 World Junior Championships in Krasnoe Ozero, Russia. On 19 January 2008, Abramenko finished tenth at the World Cup event in Lake Placid, United States. He was among the best in four of seven competitions that season.
Abramenko competed at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, Canada, for Ukraine. In aerials, he placed 24th in the event's qualifying round, again failing to advance to the final.
His first World Cup podium came on 25 February 2012, in Minsk, Belarus, when he was second after another Ukrainian Stanislav Kravchuk. That year he also was 3rd in Voss, Norway.
At the 2014 Winter Olympics, he reached the final and placed 6th.
He celebrated his first victory on 1 March 2015 in Minsk, Belarus. In 2015–16 season, he became the first-ever Ukrainian to win World Cup in aerials or any other freestyle discipline. That season was the most successful for him because Abramenko's results were 5th, 3rd, 3rd, 2nd, 13th, and 5th.
In the summer of 2016, Abramenko suffered a severe injury. While practicing on water, he injured his cruciate ligaments and his meniscus and transverse ligament. His knee injury didn't allow him to compete whole next season. He also missed 2017 World Championships.
He returned in the pre-Olympic 2017–18 season. There were concerns that Ukraine, for the first time ever, would not qualify any sportsman for men's freestyle skiing due to crisis in Ukrainian freestyle skiing. Abramenko started that season not confidently, finishing 21st in Beijing. But later, his performances improved, and on 19 January 2018, he achieved his eighth podium in Lake Placid, United States. He was then second after China's Jia Zongyang. These results assured him a spot in 2018 Winter Olympics in Pyeongchang, South Korea. At the 2018 Winter Olympics he surprisingly became the winner. Abramenko became the second native of Ukraine to win Olympic gold in freestyle after Anton Kushnir, who in 2014 represented Belarus.
On 6 February 2019, he won the silver medal at the World Championships in Utah, United States. It was Ukraine's first World Championships medal in men's aerials.
In 2022, Oleksandr Abramenko competed in his fifth Winter Games in Beijing. He won a silver in the Aerials with a score of 116.5.
Personal life
Abramenko's father is Volodymyr Abramenko, a former footballer who played for a few amateur teams in Ukraine and is currently a security officer at MFC Mykolaiv.
Largely unknown to the public until he earned his 2018 Olympic gold medal, Abramenko's place of birth was a source of confusion to his fans as many populated places in Ukraine carry names similar to Pervomaiskyi.
On March 4, 2022, The New York Times reported that Abramenko was planning to leave Kyiv to stay with his coach Enver Ablaev who lives in Mukachevo, Transcarpathian region.
Career results
Winter Olympics
World Championships
World Cup
Individual podiums
Team podiums
Individual rankings
European Cup
Individual podiums
References
External links
More news, pictures, videos and information about Oleksandr Abramenko on espreso.tv
1988 births
Living people
Olympic freestyle skiers for Ukraine
Freestyle skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Freestyle skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Freestyle skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Freestyle skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Freestyle skiers at the 2022 Winter Olympics
People from Pervomaiskyi
Ukrainian male freestyle skiers
Olympic gold medalists for Ukraine
Olympic silver medalists for Ukraine
Olympic medalists in freestyle skiing
Medalists at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2022 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Kharkiv Oblast |
511459 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%20camera | In camera | In camera (; Latin: "in a chamber") is a legal term that means in private. The same meaning is sometimes expressed in the English equivalent: in chambers. Generally, in-camera describes court cases, parts of it, or process where the public and press are not allowed to observe the procedure or process. In-camera is the opposite of trial in open court where all parties and witnesses testify in a public courtroom, and attorneys publicly present their arguments to the trier of fact.
In camera hearings during trials
Entire cases may be heard in-camera when, for example, matters of national security are involved. In-camera review by a judge may be used during otherwise open trials—for example, to protect trade secrets or where one party asserts privilege (such as attorney–client privileged communications). This lets the judge review documents in private to determine if revelation of documents in open court will be allowed.
In United States courts, in-camera review describes a process or procedure where a judge privately looks at confidential, sensitive, or private information to determine what, if any, information may be used by a party or made public. An in camera review may be at someone's request (such as counsel in the case), or by order of the court.
An example of "in-camera review" by the court: a defendant prosecuted for the alleged murder of a high school student asserts his was an act of self-defense, a last resort after the deceased physically assaulted the defendant. Witnesses tell investigators and lawyers that the victim "was always getting into fights in school" and frequently had to visit the principal's office. The defendant seeks to obtain the deceased's high school files to see if there is anything proving the deceased fighting at school. A party for the deceased's family might argue against disclosure on the basis that school records which are presumably private should not be provided to the defendant. While a judge might acknowledge the general presumption, the court might permit the defendant limited use at trial of any school records that may establish the deceased's physically aggressive tendencies.
In this example, before allowing disclosure of files to the defendant, or for revelation of the records to the jury, the judge performs an in camera inspection on the deceased's high school records to determine what records, if any, would be released to the defendant. The judge may disallow use of some or all of the records that are reviewed, limit use or purpose of the records, and may order a party to take all steps necessary to keep private and confidential the information released.
Non-legal definitions
In-camera can also describe closed board meetings that cover information not recorded in the minutes or divulged to the public. Such sessions may discuss personnel, financial, or other sensitive decisions that must be kept secret (e.g., a proposed merger or strategic change the organization does not want disclosed to competitors). It can also apply to diplomatic and political affairs, such as during the American Constitutional Convention in 1787 when the drafting of the Constitution of the United States was discussed in such strict privacy so delegates could negotiate in full confidence that they were free to reconsider particular positions as necessary without embarrassment or political repercussions with their constituents.
In camera may also mean the portion of a graduate level thesis examination that includes only the examining committee and the student. This follows a presentation by the student that the public may attend.
See also
Closed session
Motion in limine
Open court principle
United States v. The Progressive—a case where two trials were held simultaneously, one in-camera and one public
References
Latin legal terminology
Classified information
Privacy
Courts
Legal procedure
Judicial legal terminology |
70422817 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caloy | Caloy | Caloy is a nickname for Carlos in the Philippines. Notable people known by this name include the following:
Caloy Balcells, nickname for Carlos Balcells (fl. 1985–present), Spanish Filipino bass guitar player
Caloy Garcia, nickname for Carlos Jose Garcia (born 1975) Filipino professional basketball coach
Caloy Loyzaga, nickname for Carlos Loyzaga (1930 – 2016). Filipino basketball player and coach
See also
Caló (surname)
Calò (surname)
Cally (disambiguation)
Calo (disambiguation)
Calon (disambiguation)
Calor (disambiguation) |
31429321 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vimalakka | Vimalakka | Arunodaya Vimala (born 1964), popularly known as Vimalakka (), is a Telugu balladeer and social activist. Her folk troupe is known as Arunodaya Samskritika Samakhya (ACF). She also heads a Joint Action Committee for the creation of Telangana state.
Early life
Vimalakka was born in Aler village in Nalgonda district to Narsamma and Bandru Narsimayya, a Telangana revolutionary who participated in Telangana rebellion. She belongs to Kurma community. She was youngest among five children. She did her graduation in Bhongir.
Life
Vimalakka was greatly influenced by her father's association with the rebellion. She started singing at a young age after being encouraged by Ram Sattaiah, an activist. She fought against Jogini system. She was a civil rights, woman's activist.
She has been fighting for Telangana statehood since 1995. She is now touring Telangana districts by organizing folk concerts, Telangana dhoom-dhaam & Bathukamma Festival.
She married Koora Devender, the revolutionary party leader of CPI (ML) Janashakthi. She is the president of Arunodaya Cultural Federation (ACF) which played a key role in formation of Telangana state by their cultural programmes coordinated by Mohan Bairaagi the vice president of the cultural federation.
She also has number of police cases during separate Telangana statehood movement. She was in jail for 4 months with her cultural organisation colleagues Mohan Bairaagi, Santhosh, Venkat, Mallu, and others. Now she is working for Saamajika Telangana with her organisation Telangana United Front (TUF) as chairperson.
Her mother in law Koora Mallama (101) died on 31 January 2019, at Vemulawada Rajanna Siricilla district, Telangana.
References
Indian women folk singers
Indian folk singers
People from Telangana
People from Nalgonda district
Living people
1964 births
Date of birth missing (living people) |
25768195 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-esteem%20instability | Self-esteem instability | Self-esteem stability refers to immediate feelings of self-esteem which, generally, will not be influenced by everyday positive or negative experiences.
In contrast, unstable self-esteem refers to fragile and vulnerable feelings of self-esteem which will be influenced by internally generated, such as reflecting on one's social life, and externally received evaluative information, for example a compliment or a failed course. Rosenberg makes a distinction of baseline instability and barometric instability. Baseline instability are long term fluctuations in self-esteem that occur slowly and over an extended period of time. For example, decreases in self-esteem level are common as children transition from the relatively safe environment of elementary school to the more turbulent middle school environment, often followed by slow but steady increases in self-esteem through the high school years. Barometric instability, on the other hand, reflects short term fluctuations in one's contextually based global self-esteem. This means that someone with an unstable self-esteem will value him/herself positively on one day, but negatively on the other, this can even vary with every situation. One important feature of individuals with unstable self-esteem is how they can react very strongly on experiences that they view as relevant for their self-esteem, within this they can even see relevance for their self-esteem when there is not. Unstable self-esteem may take numerous forms. Some people may experience dramatic shifts from feeling very positively to very negatively about themselves, others may primarily fluctuate in the extent to which they feel positively or negatively about themselves.
Another distinction made in the research on stability of self-esteem is between fragile and secure high self-esteem. Secure high self-esteem reflects positive feelings of self-worth that are well anchored and secure and that are positively associated with a wide range of psychological health and well-being indices. Fragile high self-esteem, however, reflects positive feelings of self-worth that are vulnerable to threat, as they require continual bolstering, protection, and validation through various self-protective or self-enhancement strategies.
Effects
Research on self-esteem in adolescence and adults has shown the importance of a stable self-esteem in terms of social-emotional functioning. Unstable self-esteem is negatively viewed and research has shown that an unstable self-esteem is an important predictor for internalizing and externalizing problems. For example, they found that self-esteem variability is a predictor of social anxiety, public self-consciousness, and self-perceptions that interpersonal problems reflect social avoidance. Self-esteem variability was also negatively associated with frequency of social interactions in the course of daily life. They concluded that self-esteem variability is associated with fear and avoidance of social contexts.
Furthermore, they also found that self-esteem variability interacts with self-esteem in the prediction of depression. Self-esteem was most predictive of depression for persons high in self-esteem variability. According to them it seems reasonable to conclude from these and earlier findings that individuals may be vulnerable to depressive tendencies as a result of high variability in, and low levels of, self-esteem.
Development of (un)stable self-esteem
Several research has been done on the development of (in)stability of self-esteem. These studies provide converging evidence about the stability of self-esteem between the ages 6 to 83. There was found that stability is relatively low during early childhood (probably because of lack of cognitive growth), increases throughout adolescence and young adulthood, and then declines during midlife and old age.
Only little is known about the underlying causes of stability and change in self-esteem.
However some research has been done, for example on genetic and environmental influences in adolescence. Genetic effects might account for stability, another possibility is that different genes may get turned on later in adolescence, which would result in genetic effects contributing to change.
Environmental factors could also play a role, such as stressful life events may lead to changes in self-esteem during adolescence. Results of a study by Kamakura indicated that stability in self-esteem was due to genetic effect and in addition there was found that environmental factors partly explained stability in self-esteem.
It is however uncertain which aspects of non-shared environmental factors influence stability in self-esteem.
Factors including overreliance on the evaluations, love, and approval of others, an impoverished self-concept, and excessive dependency needs have been implicated for why immediate feelings of self-worth of some individuals are highly unstable.
Furthermore, developmentally, harsh or controlling family environments are thought to promote fragile, unstable feelings of self-worth. A father who is misogynistic – consciously or unconsciously – and who displays psychological manipulation, control etc. of the mother and child is also a major underlying factor.
Possessing a well-developed self-concept also is implicated in optimal psychological functioning. When self-knowledge is confused and conflicted it will fail to provide meaningful input into people's behaviours and reactions and instead promote heightened responsiveness to immediately salient situational cues and outcomes. When these cues and outcomes are negative, this heightened responsiveness can be particularly detrimental. Having a poorly developed self-concept may lead individuals to rely on and be more affected by specific evaluative information, thereby enhancing unstable self-esteem.
Measurement
There are two well-known measures of self-esteem instability.
The Harter Pictorial Scale of Perceived Competence and Social Acceptance for Young Children (PSPCSA) can just be used for children aged 4 to 7. The PSPCSA is focused on four scales: cognitive competence, physical competence, peer acceptance, and maternal acceptance. Every scale contains 6 items and each item contains two pictures of a certain action or activities (for example, a child doing a puzzle or playing with other children). A pictorial format engages a young child's interest, is understandable, sustains the child's attention, and leads to more meaningful responses. For each item the tested child is read a brief statement about each child depicted in the pictures. The first task is to indicate which of the two children it is most like. The second task is to indicate how much it is like the child on the chosen picture, a lot (represented as a big circle) or a little (represented as a small circle). When conducting this test longitudinally (for example five days in a row) the stability of self-esteem can be measured, the higher the standard-deviation, the more unstable the self-esteem is.
The second measurement is the Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES). This is a 10-item Likert-type scale designed to measure global self-esteem, but when taken longitudinally it can be used as a measure for self-esteem instability.
References
Positive mental attitude |
69862907 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrei%20Angouw | Andrei Angouw | Andrei Angouw (born 23 May 1971) is an Indonesian politician from the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P) and the incumbent mayor of Manado in North Sulawesi, Indonesia. He previously served as chief speaker of the between 2016 and 2019. He was elected as the mayor of Manado in 2020, becoming the first Confucian mayor in Indonesia.
Early life
Angouw was born in Manado on 23 May 1971. His father, Eddy Angouw, was a professional badminton player from Minahasa Regency. Andrei completed elementary school in 1983 and studied in junior high school until 1986. He then enrolled in a Catholic high school in the city, graduating in 1989. He continued his education at the University of Southern California, earning a Bachelor of Science in industrial and systems engineering in 1992 and a Master of Science in Engineering Management in 1994. Angouw then returned to Indonesia to work as an entrepreneur. He worked at a strategic consulting company between 1994 and 1996 and then at a hotel.
Political career
A member of the Indonesian Democratic Party of Struggle (PDI-P), Angouw's political career started in 2009 when he was elected as a member of the , representing its 1st electoral district. He was reelected in 2014 as the leader of the parliament's Commission III. In 2016, he became chief speaker of the parliament following the resignation of previous speaker, , who ran for vice governor of North Sulawesi. He was the only chief speaker in the Indonesian government from a Confucian background. He was once again reelected to the parliament in 2019.
Angouw decided to run for mayor of Manado in the 2020 elections, with as his running mate. Previously, the PDI-P had never won a mayoral election in Manado. However, political analysts predicted that despite his background and party, he had a high chance to win, due in part to the popularity of Governor Olly Dondokambey, also from PDI-P, and the party's dominance in legislative elections. He was also known to be personally close to Olly.
During his campaign for mayoralty, he became the target of smear campaigns due to his background as a Confucian and Chinese-Indonesian, such as a rumour that the city would be filled with smoke from Confucian prayers if he won. He won the election with 88,303 votes and was sworn on 10 May 2021. He became the first Confucian in Indonesia to hold office as a mayor.
During his tenure, he transferred the duties of water distribution in the city from PT Air Manado, a private company, to the fully municipal-owned PDAM. He cited the fact only 25% of Manado residents had access to piped water, making it one of the least-covered provincial capitals in Indonesia; the other 75% relied on underground pumps and wells. He aimed to have 70% of the city population connected to the water system by 2024. Most of the water would be sourced from the under-construction Kuwil Reservoir. On 1 January 2022, PT Air Manado was declared to be dissolved and hundreds of employees were laid off. On 17 January 2022, he inaugurated the first charging station in North Sulawesi and expressed support for the presence of electric vehicles in Manado.
In January 2022, during the COVID-19 pandemic, Angouw threatened that recipients of aid from Indonesia's national health insurance, PBI-JK, would have their access removed if they did not get vaccinated. At the time of his statement, there were approximately 42,000 unvaccinated people in the city receiving assistance via PBI-JK. He also planned the revitalization of the Bersehati market, the largest market in Manado, in early 2022; however, it was met with objections from some traders in the market, who argued that temporary relocation during the revitalization would hurt their income. He also gave incentive money to religious figures in the city. The program was criticized for several reasons, including inequal distribution that favoured churches with bigger congregations and discrimination towards smaller groups and churches. Ruslan Essa, an imam for Al-Ikhlas Paniki Mosque, cited that the program could disturb religious harmony in the city. Angouw argued that churches and religious figures need to have their followers' data to identify members with criminal records, and they would use the incentive money to rehabilitate said members with help from government bodies. He added that having a bigger congregation results in a bigger responsibility for the members.
References
1971 births
Indonesian people of Chinese descent
Living people
Mayors of Manado
Indonesian politicians
University of Southern California alumni |
45468322 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dovzhansky%20%28border%20checkpoint%29 | Dovzhansky (border checkpoint) | Dovzhansky () is a land border crossing between Ukraine and Russia on the Ukrainian side, in the town of Dovzhansky, Sverdlovsk city municipality, Luhansk Oblast.
The crossing is situated on autoroute (). Across the border on the Russian side is the city of Novoshakhtinsk, Rostov Oblast. The outskirts of Novoshakhtinsk is 10 km from the border crossing and the city center is 20 km.
The type of crossing is automobile, status - international. The types of transportation for automobile crossings are passenger and freight. Trains traveling between Sverdlovsk and Novoshakhtinsk pass through the railway border crossing at Dovzhansky, too.
The port of entry, "Dolzhanskiy", is part of the Dovzhansky customs post of Luhansk customs. Code checkpoint - 70207 02 00 (11)
War in Donbas
On May 14, 2014, one day after the unrecognized declaration of independence by the Lugansk People's Republic (LPR), Ukrainian border guards at the Dovzhansky border crossing arrested Valery Bolotov. 150 to 200 armed Russian backed separatists attacked the Dovzhansky checkpoint where he had been held and freed him.
Closing the crossing
On June 5, 2014, the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine closed this border checkpoint and seven others on the Russia–Ukraine border. At that time, separatists in eastern Ukraine had control of the border crossing allowing weapons from Russia to pass without controls. Subsequently, on July 1, 2014, the Ukrainian army regained control of this border point, until 1 August, where daily "Grad" rocket volleys and shelling by pro-Russian forces made the Ukrainian position untenable.
See also
Russo-Ukrainian War
Russia–Ukraine border
State Border of Ukraine
Highway M03 (Ukraine)
References
External links
State Border Guard of Ukraine website
Пункти пропуску на кордоні із Росією — Державна прикордонна служба (English: Checkpoints on the Border with Russia) from The State Border Service website
Russia–Ukraine border crossings
Luhansk Oblast
Geography of Luhansk Oblast
War in Donbas |
62281917 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastroesophageal%20varices | Gastroesophageal varices | Gastroesophageal varices may refer to:
Esophageal varices, dilated sub-mucosal veins in esophagus
Gastric varices, dilated submucosal veins in the stomach |
53073010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh%20Groban%20on%20Stage | Josh Groban on Stage | Josh Groban on Stage is a concert tour by American singer Josh Groban. Launched in support of his 2015 show tunes album Stages, the tour featured a night of Broadway songs and originals later on. The tour was announced on April 16, 2015, with dates running from September 12 to November 3, 2015 and tickets going on sale April 24. However, Groban was sick for part of the tour so the first leg ended on December 21, 2015.
Opening acts and guests
Lena Hall (Performed duets and solo during the first leg)
Foy Vance (Summer 2016 July 25-August 27)
Sarah McLachlan (Summer 2016 July 15-August 27)
Set list
Tour dates
Box office data
References
2015 concert tours
2016 concert tours
Josh Groban concert tours |
30412560 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bajpatti%20Assembly%20constituency | Bajpatti Assembly constituency | Bajpatti Assembly constituency is an assembly constituency in Sitamarhi district in the Indian state of Bihar.
Overview
As per Delimitation of Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, 27. Bajpatti Assembly constituency is composed of the following: Bajpatti and Bokhara community development blocks; Birar, Bhadiyan, Janipur, Bahera Jahidpur, Dorpur, Majhaur, Rasulganj Urf Koili, Nanpur Uttari, Nanpur Dakshini, Dadri, Sirsi and Gauri gram panchayats of Nanpur CD Block.
Bajpatti Assembly constituency is part of Sitamarhi (Lok Sabha constituency).
Members of Legislative Assembly
Election results
2020
References
External links
Assembly constituencies of Bihar
Politics of Sitamarhi district |
28857038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parishwad | Parishwad | Parishwad is a village in Belgaum district of Karnataka, India.
References
Villages in Belagavi district |
74404292 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kousalya%20Supraja%20Rama%20%282023%20film%29 | Kousalya Supraja Rama (2023 film) | Kousalya Supraja Rama is a 2023 Kannada-language Realistic drama film directed and produced by Shashank, written by Yadunandan. The film stars Darling Krishna, Brinda Acharya and Milana Nagaraj in the lead roles.
Kousalya Supraja Rama was released on 28 July 2023, where it received positive reviews from critics and audiences, and became a commercial success at the box office.
Plot
Inspired by his father Siddegowda's toxic masculinity, Rama becomes a chauvinist and his life takes a turn when he falls in love with Shivani, but she leaves him after being a victim of his consistently toxic traits. After his mother Kousalya's death, Rama decides to transform himself and gets married to Muthulakshmi, an alcoholic with a serious baggage and a girl chosen by Kousalya.
Rama's new phase of life with Muthulakshmi makes him realize the mistakes which he made in the past, where he begins to cure Muthulakshmi of her alcoholism. Muthulakshmi leaves for a party with her old friends, where Rama also arrives and finds that Muthulakshmi's friend Nishan was mixing drugs in Muthulakshmi's drink, which became the reason for her alcoholism.
A scuffle ensues and a drunk Muthulakshmi knocks Rama with a glass bottle, where he is admitted to the hospital. Enraged about the attack, Siddegowda files a complaint against her, but Rama withdraws Siddegowda's complaint and makes him realize his past mistakes. Rama reunites with a reformed Muthulakshmi and they lead a happy life.
Cast
Darling Krishna as Ram
Brinda Acharya as Shivani, Ram's former love interest
Milana Nagaraj as Muthulakshmi, Ram's wife
Rangayana Raghu as Siddegowda, Ram's father
Sudha Belawadi as Kousalya, Ram's mother
Achyuth Kumar as Sathyanath
Nagabhushana as Santhu
Production
The film was announced by Darling Krishna and Shashank. The film is produced by Krishna. Brinda Acharya was cast as the lead opposite him. While Milana Nagaraj was cast as the other lead, marking their sixth onscreen pairing.
Soundtrack
Release
The film was released on 28 July 2023.
Reception
Kousalya Supraja Rama received unanimously positive reviews from the critics, who lauded the writing, direction, performances and music in the cinema.
Harish Basavarajaiah of The Times of India gave 4 out of 5 stars and wrote "the movie has the potential to cater to every class of audience, with a resonating message, which is emotionally connecting too". Shyamprasad from Chitraloka gave 4 out of 5 stars and wrote "a heartwarming and captivating film that strikes a perfect balance between entertainment and emotional depth".
Vivek M. V. of The Hindu wrote "Kousalya Supraja Rama is thoroughly watchable because the writing is mostly focused on the film’s central theme. An important subject has been dealt with sensitivity." A. Sharadhaa of The New Indian Express wrote "The cinema breaks away from the typical style, presenting a fresh and unique storyline. In an industry frequently criticised for promoting male chauvinism, the director takes a distinctive perspective by portraying the idea of a 'real man' from a woman’s viewpoint."
References
External links
2020s Kannada-language films
2023 films |
12710384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rickie%20Fowler | Rickie Fowler | Rick Yutaka Fowler (born December 13, 1988) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour. He was the number one ranked amateur golfer in the world for 36 weeks in 2007 and 2008. On January 24, 2016, he reached a career high fourth in the Official World Golf Ranking following his victory in the Abu Dhabi HSBC Golf Championship. He is one of only 3 golfers to shoot 62 in a major championship, achieving the feat at the 2023 U.S. Open, played at the Los Angeles Country Club.
Amateur career
Fowler was born and raised in Murrieta, California. He attended Murrieta Valley High School. For years, he played only on a driving range and is almost entirely self-taught. In his senior year in high school, Fowler won the SW League Final with a total score of 64-69=133 and led his team to the state final in 2007.
After high school, Fowler attended Oklahoma State University in Stillwater. He posted his first collegiate victory at the Fighting Illini Invitational hosted by the University of Illinois on October 1, 2007, by shooting a 203 (70-63-70) to win the tournament by one stroke. In the summer of 2005, Fowler won the Western Junior and competed in the U.S. Amateur, where he was defeated by the eventual champion Richie Ramsay.
In 2006, Fowler shot a 137 for two rounds at the U.S. Junior Amateur and was knocked out in the second round of match play. The championship was won by Philip Francis. Fowler represented the United States in its victory at the 2007 Walker Cup. His record was 2–0 in foursomes and 1–1 in singles making his overall record 3–1. Billy Horschel was his partner for both of their foursome victories. That year Fowler won the Sunnehanna Amateur in June and the Players Amateur in July. In 2008, Fowler repeated as Sunnehanna Amateur champion. In the first round of the U.S. Open, Fowler shot a −1 (70) and was in a tie for 7th place. He was one of three amateurs to make the cut, along with Derek Fathauer and Michael Thompson. He ended the tournament tied for 60th.
In October 2008, Fowler played on the Eisenhower Trophy team that finished second. He was the leading individual player. In 2009, Fowler made his second and last appearance in the Walker Cup. He won all four matches in which he played as the U.S. won by a seven-point margin. His partner in both foursomes matches was Bud Cauley. He also finished third in the Sunnehanna Amateur in 2009. Fowler was given the 2008 Ben Hogan Award.
Professional career
2009
In 2009, Fowler had the first runner-up finish of his career on the Nationwide Tour in the Nationwide Children's Hospital Invitational losing in a playoff to Derek Lamely. After the Walker Cup, Fowler turned professional and played the Albertsons Boise Open on the Nationwide Tour for his pro debut.
In September 2009, it was announced that Fowler signed a multi-year equipment deal with Titleist. He has since signed a deal with Rolex. Fowler's first PGA Tour event as a professional was the Justin Timberlake Shriners Hospitals for Children Open where he finished tied for seventh. His second PGA Tour event was at the Frys.com Open played at Grayhawk Golf Club in Scottsdale, Arizona. He finished tied for second after losing to Troy Matteson in a three-way playoff that included Jamie Lovemark. Fowler's score of 18-under-par included a hole-in-one on the fifth hole in his final round. Fowler also notched an eagle in each of his four rounds. In November, he finished T2 with D. A. Points, two shots behind the winner Mark Brooks in the Pebble Beach Invitational an unofficial money event on the PGA Tour. In December 2009, Fowler successfully gained his PGA Tour card for 2010 through qualifying school, finishing T15.
2010
In February 2010, Fowler finished second at the Waste Management Phoenix Open with a score of 15-under-par at the TPC of Scottsdale course. In June, Fowler notched his third PGA Tour runner-up finish at the Memorial Tournament in Dublin, Ohio. Fowler entered the final round in the lead, but shot a 73 to finish behind Justin Rose, who recorded his first PGA Tour victory. This performance took Fowler into the top 50 of the Official World Golf Ranking.
In September, he signed a clothing deal with Puma. In the same month, he was also chosen as a captain's pick for the U.S. Ryder Cup team. At age 21 years and 9 months when the matches began, Fowler became the youngest U.S. Ryder Cup player of all time, and only European Sergio García was younger when he made his Ryder Cup debut in 1999. Fowler forfeited a hole during foursomes competition on the first match day because of a rules violation, by taking a permissible free drop from muddy conditions in an improper location, a mistake U.S. captain Corey Pavin attributed to Fowler's inexperience. On the final day of the competition in his singles match against Edoardo Molinari, Fowler birdied the last 4 holes to halve the match after having been 4 down after 12 holes. Fowler won the Rookie of the Year award, controversially claiming the award over Northern Ireland's Rory McIlroy.
2011
In July 2011, Fowler tied the 54-hole lead at the AT&T National, but an early double bogey on Sunday derailed his opportunity for his first PGA Tour win. Two weeks later Fowler finished tied for 5th in The Open Championship at Royal St George's. In August, Fowler finished in a tie for second at the WGC-Bridgestone Invitational behind winner Adam Scott, lifting him to 28 in the world rankings.
At the PGA Championship, Fowler carded 74-69-75-68 to finish with a six-over par total of 286, in a tie for 51st place. Early on the third day Fowler rocketed up the leaderboard with three birdies in the first five holes only to falter later in the round with two triple bogeys, effectively ending his hopes of a first major championship and PGA Tour win.
At the first FedEx Cup playoff event, Fowler finished T52 at The Barclays in the last week in August. The following week he again finished T52 at the Deutsche Bank Championship, the second FedEx Cup playoff event, after carding a disappointing six-over par final round 77. At that point Fowler was positioned 37 in the FedEx Cup points standings and required a strong performance at the BMW Championship to qualify in the top thirty for The Tour Championship; a performance which eluded him, finishing in 48th place. In finishing 43rd in the FedEx Cup, Fowler earned a $132,000 bonus.
In October, Fowler enjoyed his first professional win with victory in the OneAsia Tour's Kolon Korea Open, securing a six-shot victory over Rory McIlroy.
Fowler ended 2011 ranked 32nd in the world.
In September, Fowler, along with Graeme McDowell, was part of the PGA Tour's These Guys are Good campaign.
2012
In May 2012, Fowler won the Wells Fargo Championship in Charlotte on the first extra hole of a sudden-death playoff. Replaying the 18th hole, he defeated Rory McIlroy and D. A. Points with a birdie to gain his first PGA Tour win. Fowler shot a 69 (−3) in the final round to finish in a three-way tie after 72 holes at Quail Hollow Club. This win enabled Fowler to break the top-25 in the world, placing him at number 24. The following week at The Players Championship in Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida, Fowler played the final hole at −11 under par and had a birdie opportunity to bring him within one of leader and eventual winner Matt Kuchar. Fowler, however, pushed his putt to the right and finished in a tie for second, the fifth second-place finish of his career.
2013
In 2013 Fowler finished runner-up in the Australian PGA Championship, four shots behind the tournament winner Adam Scott.
2014
After a tie for fifth at the Masters in April, Fowler had his best finish of 2014 at the U.S. Open at Pinehurst No. 2 in North Carolina. Fowler was runner-up with Erik Compton at −1, best finishes for both at a major, but they were eight strokes behind champion Martin Kaymer. Fowler had another second-place finish, at the Open Championship at Royal Liverpool Golf Club in Hoylake, England. He began the final round six strokes behind Rory McIlroy and finished the day tied for second with Sergio García at −15, two strokes behind McIlroy.
At the next major in August, the PGA Championship, Fowler, Phil Mickelson, Henrik Stenson, and McIlroy battled for the title on a rain-soaked Valhalla Golf Club, near Louisville. Despite holding the lead for a good portion of the day, Fowler tied for third. He was only the third player, along with Jack Nicklaus and Tiger Woods, to have finished in the top 5 in all four majors in one calendar year, but the first not to win (Jordan Spieth became the fourth player in 2015). Fowler had 10 top-10 finishes during the 2013–14 season. His 8th-place finish at The Tour Championship moved him to 10th in the world golf rankings.
2015
After a T-12 finish at the Masters, Fowler earned his first win in over three years with a playoff victory at The Players Championship in May. Trailing Sergio García midway through the final round by five shots, Fowler played the final six holes in 6-under par, including an eagle at the par-5 16th. After a birdie at the 17th hole, Fowler's final birdie of the round on 18 left him at 12-under par. Both García and Kevin Kisner had birdie attempts to win at the 18th in regulation, but both missed and the three men went to a three-hole aggregate playoff to decide a winner on holes 16–18. Fowler and Kisner went par-birdie-par to tie at −1 while García's three pars left him at even and he was eliminated. Thus Fowler and Kisner went to sudden death starting at the 17th, where Kisner's tee shot landed within about of the cup. Fowler's tee shot finished inside of five feet, and when Kisner's birdie attempt slid by, Fowler responded by making his short birdie to claim the championship. Fowler played his final 10 holes in 8-under par. On July 12, he won the Aberdeen Asset Management Scottish Open on the European Tour, shooting a 12-under-par 268. On September 7, he won the Deutsche Bank Championship, the second FedEx Cup Playoffs event, by one stroke over Henrik Stenson, for his third victory on the PGA Tour.
2016
After finishing fifth in the Hyundai Tournament of Champions in Hawaii, Fowler claimed his first victory of 2016 in the Abu Dhabi HSBC Golf Championship on the European Tour. He shot a final round of 69 to finish one clear of Belgium's Thomas Pieters. Two weeks later, Fowler was in contention to win again but lost out to Japan's Hideki Matsuyama in a playoff at the Waste Management Phoenix Open. On March 7, Fowler sparked fantastic scenes after sinking a hole-in-one with fellow tour pro Luke Donald's pitching wedge to win $1 million for Ernie Els' charity, Els for Autism.
In June, Fowler announced that he would not defend his Scottish Open title at Castle Stuart, citing the tight schedule due to golf's return to the Olympic Games as the main reason. At the 2016 Olympics, he came in 37th place.
At the first FedEx Cup playoff event of the season, The Barclays, Fowler went into the final round leading the event by one stroke. He endured a difficult final round, shooting a two-over-par 74. His challenge was ended with a double-bogey at the 16th hole that put him four strokes behind playing partner Patrick Reed. He went on to finish T7, three strokes behind the winner Reed. As a result of this, Fowler also failed to secure his automatic Ryder Cup spot, which he would have done with a top-three finish. Fowler moved up from 28th to 16th in the FedEx Cup standings with this result.
2017
On February 26, Fowler won The Honda Classic for his fourth PGA Tour win. For the first time in his career, Fowler preserved his 54-hole lead to win. The title saw Fowler move back up into the top 10 of the world rankings.
On June 16, Fowler carded a round of 65 at Erin Hills to take the first round lead at the 2017 U.S. Open. Fowler equaled the lowest first round score at the U.S. Open and led by one stroke from Paul Casey and Xander Schauffele. He followed this up with a one over par 73 in the second round to fall out of the lead by one stroke, held by four other players. He shot 68–72 over the weekend to finish in a tie for fifth place. Fowler started the PGA Championship with a 2-under 69 which was two strokes behind the leaders. After rounds of 70–73, he closed out the year's last major with a 4-under 67, including a run of four consecutive birdies on holes 12 through 15. Despite his solid finish, Fowler ended up tied for fifth and was 3 strokes behind the winner, and friend, Justin Thomas. It was his seventh top-5 major finish, meaning he has had multiple top-5 finishes at every major.
2018
On November 12, 2017, Fowler started his 2018 season at the OHL Classic at Mayakoba where he shot rounds of 65-67-67-67 for an 18-under-par total, one stroke shy of winner, Patton Kizzire. It was his 12th tour runner-up finish and he became just the 27th golfer in PGA Tour history to win $30,000,000 in Tour earnings.
On December 3, 2017, Fowler recorded a 61, 11-under-par, in the fourth round to win the Hero World Challenge. He came from 7 strokes behind the 54-hole leader, Charley Hoffman and claimed a four-stroke victory. The round of 61 was a course and tournament record, as well as being a personal best round for Fowler as a professional.
At the 2018 Waste Management Phoenix Open, Fowler birdied his final three holes during the third round to take the 54-hole lead by a stroke. This was his 6th 54-hole lead/co-lead of his career but had only converted once in the previous five attempts. In the final round, Fowler shot a 72 (+2) to finish T11.
At the 2018 Masters Tournament, Fowler shot a 72-hole score of −14 (274) to finish in 2nd place to champion Patrick Reed by 1 stroke. It was his eighth top-5 major finish, giving him multiple top-5 finishes at every major, however, he still has yet to win one.
In September 2018, Fowler qualified for the U.S. team participating in the 2018 Ryder Cup. Europe defeated the U.S. team 17 1/2 to 10 1/2. He went 1-3-0. He lost his singles match against Sergio García.
2019
In January, Fowler signed a multi-year deal to use TaylorMade golf balls and gloves. On February 3, Fowler won the Waste Management Phoenix Open after having a four-stroke lead in the final round, losing the lead, then regaining the lead for a two-stroke victory.
In December 2019, Fowler played on the U.S. team at the 2019 Presidents Cup at Royal Melbourne Golf Club in Australia. The U.S. team won 16–14. Fowler went 1–0–3 and halved his Sunday singles match against Marc Leishman.
2020
At the Sentry Tournament of Champions, Fowler finished T5th. The following week at The American Express, Fowler finished T10th. This would be Fowler's last top-10 finishes on the PGA Tour for a while as he started to struggle.
The 2019–20 PGA Tour season was suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Once the season resumed, Fowler's struggles continued with up and down results. Fowler's best results after the restart included T12th at the Rocket Mortgage Classic and a T15th at the 2020 WGC-FedEx St. Jude Invitational. However, Fowler struggled at times to make the cut at many tournaments and missed 6 cuts out of 14 tournaments Fowler played in the period of January to August. Fowler missed the cut at the 2020 PGA Championship. For the FedEx Cup playoffs, Fowler finished T49th at The Northern Trust and failed to qualify for the BMW Championship. After a month of rest, Fowler returned to compete in the 2020 U.S. Open. Fowler finished T49th. At the 2020 Masters Tournament, Fowler would finish T29th.
2021
As Fowler continued to struggle with a missed cut at the 2021 Players Championship and a T65th at the Honda Classic, he was at risk of missing the 2021 Masters Tournament heading into the Valero Texas Open. Fowler finished T17th, and therefore missed the Masters. This was the first major Fowler missed since not qualifying for the 2010 U.S. Open.
Fowler missed cuts at the Wells Fargo Championship and the AT&T Byron Nelson. At the 2021 PGA Championship, he finished T8th, his first top-10 finish in an event since the 2020 Sentry Tournament of Champions.
2022
Fowler's struggles continued into 2022, missing his first three cuts until a T55th finish at the Genesis Invitational. He only played one major, the PGA Championship, where he tied for 23rd. Fowler barely retained his Tour card, finishing 125th in the FedEx Cup, claiming the last spot.
In the off-season, Fowler parted ways with long-time caddie Joe Skovron, who spent 13 years with Fowler, replacing him with Ricky Romano. Fowler also fired swing coach John Tillery, bringing back his old swing coach, Butch Harmon. These changes produced improved results, as Fowler finished tied for 6th in the season opening Fortinet Championship. After a missed cut at the Shriners Children's Open, Fowler tied for second at the Zozo Championship, one shot behind winner Keegan Bradley. This was Fowler's best finish on Tour since the 2019 Honda Classic, where he also tied for second.
2023
In July, Fowler won the Rocket Mortgage Classic in a playoff over Collin Morikawa and Adam Hadwin. It was his first win on the PGA Tour since the 2019 Waste Management Phoenix Open.
Personal life
Fowler resides in Jupiter, Florida, relocating from Las Vegas following the 2010 season. Fowler's middle name, Yutaka, comes from his maternal grandfather, who is Japanese. His maternal grandmother is Navajo Native American. On the final day of a golf tournament Fowler wears orange in honor of Oklahoma State University.
Fowler is one of four golfers in the "Golf Boys" group along with fellow PGA Tour players Ben Crane, Bubba Watson and Hunter Mahan. The Golf Boys released a YouTube video of the song "Oh Oh Oh" on the eve of the 2011 U.S. Open. Farmers Insurance donated $1,000 for every 100,000 views of the video. The charitable proceeds went to support both Farmers and Ben Crane charitable initiatives.
In 2012, Fowler filmed a commercial for Crowne Plaza Hotels entitled "It's Good to be Rickie" with golf commentator Ian Baker Finch. He was featured in an ESPN "This is SportsCenter" commercial with sportscaster John Anderson in 2013. On November 28, 2015, Fowler was the guest picker on ESPN's College GameDay (his picks went 7–4). In 2015, Fowler was announced as an official ambassador for PGA Junior League Golf, a program owned and operated by the PGA of America.
Fowler has at least six tattoos. One is a block "G" near his left elbow in honor of Georgia Veach, the daughter of a Seattle pastor and friend. Georgia was diagnosed with lissencephaly. Fowler got the tattoo just before the 2015 Presidents Cup. The second is from January 2016 and contains the name Yutaka Tanaka (Rickie's grandfather) in Japanese script on his left biceps. The third tattoo came just weeks after playing at the 2016 Summer Olympics and is of the Olympic symbols. Fowler also has smaller tattoos, including a capital F at the base of his right wrist, a cross on his left index finger, and a phrase at the base of his right left wrist.
Fowler started dating track and field amateur athlete Allison Stokke in 2017. They became engaged in June 2018, and married in October 2019. The couple have a daughter, born November 2021.
Amateur wins
2005 Western Junior
2007 Sunnehanna Amateur, Players Amateur
2008 Sunnehanna Amateur, Big 12 Championship
Professional wins (10)
PGA Tour wins (6)
PGA Tour playoff record (3–2)
European Tour wins (2)
OneAsia Tour wins (1)
1Co-sanctioned by the Korean Tour
Other wins (1)
Playoff record
Nationwide Tour playoff record (0–1)
Results in major championships
Results not in chronological order in 2020.
CUT = missed the half-way cut
"T" = tied
NT = No tournament due to COVID-19 pandemic
Summary
Most consecutive cuts made – 14 (2016 Open – 2019 Open)
Longest streak of top-10s – 4 (2014 Masters – 2014 PGA)
The Players Championship
Wins (1)
Results timeline
CUT = missed the halfway cut
"T" indicates a tie for a place
C = Canceled after the first round due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Results in World Golf Championships
Results not in chronological order prior to 2015.
1Cancelled due to COVID-19 pandemic
QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play
NT = No tournament
"T" = tied
Note that the Championship and Invitational were discontinued from 2022. The Champions was discontinued from 2023.
PGA Tour career summary
*As of the 2021 season.
U.S. national team appearances
Amateur
Walker Cup: 2007 (winners), 2009 (winners)
Palmer Cup: 2008
Eisenhower Trophy: 2008 (individual leader)
Professional
Ryder Cup: 2010, 2014, 2016 (winners), 2018, 2023
Presidents Cup: 2015 (winners), 2017 (winners), 2019 (winners)
World Cup: 2016
See also
2009 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates
References
External links
Profile on Oklahoma State's official site
American male golfers
Oklahoma State Cowboys golfers
PGA Tour golfers
Ryder Cup competitors for the United States
Olympic golfers for the United States
Golfers at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Golfers from California
Golfers from Nevada
Golfers from Florida
Sportspeople from Anaheim, California
People from Murrieta, California
Sportspeople from Las Vegas
Sportspeople from Jupiter, Florida
Murrieta Valley High School alumni
Native American sportspeople
American people of Navajo descent
American sportspeople of Japanese descent
1988 births
Living people |
28997593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bloody%20Good%20Time | Bloody Good Time | Bloody Good Time is a first-person shooter developed by Outerlight and published by Ubisoft for Microsoft Windows and Xbox 360. It was released in October 2010.
The game is a spiritual sequel to The Ship, Outerlight's debut title, with similar but improved gameplay and graphics. It features four various game modes (hunt, elimination, revenge and deathmatch). Up to eight players can play in online matches. There is also an arcade mode which allows the player to play against the AI bots. The title uses Valve's Source engine.
The game takes place on a Hollywood movie set and it features three different maps: beach, casino and horror house. Players can choose one of the eight available B-movie characters (The Surfer, The Beach babe, The Goth, The Bunny girl, The Showgirl, The Clown, The Gambler and The Stoner) and then kill other players with 21 different weapons, including usual guns and other items, such as frying pan or remote-controlled rats. The reception has been lukewarm, with very weak sales, which was attributed to Outerlight's demise.
Reception
The game received "mixed or average reviews" on both platforms according to the review aggregation website Metacritic.
See also
References
External links
2010 video games
First-person shooters
Multiplayer and single-player video games
Source (game engine) games
Ubisoft games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom
Video games set in Nevada
Video games set in the Las Vegas Valley
Windows games
Xbox 360 games
Xbox 360 Live Arcade games |
40049515 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Owen%20Crozier | Alfred Owen Crozier | Alfred Owen Crozier (1863–1939) was a attorney from the Midwestern United States who wrote eight books on the political, legal, and monetary problems of the United States.
Biography
He is best known for his work US Money Vs Corporation Currency, "Aldrich Plan," Wall Street Confessions! Great Bank Combine (1912), which argues against the formation of The Federal Reserve. He feared national banking, but he feared private control of the United States money system even more.
Publications
The Magnet: A Romance of the Battles of Modern Giants (1908)
Nation of Nations: The Way to Permanent Peace; A Supreme Constitution for the Government of Governments (1914)
League of Nations: Shall It Be an Alliance, or a Nation of Nations? Must Be One or the Other! (1919)
What Ails our Country?: Cause of and Cure for Booms, Crashes, Depressions and Bank Failures (1933).
See also
Panic of 1907
References
External links
1863 births
1939 deaths
American lawyers |
39337017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Kingdom%20Peace%20Index | United Kingdom Peace Index | The United Kingdom Peace Index (UKPI) is a measurement of the United Kingdom's cities by their peacefulness. Created by the Institute for Economics and Peace, the creators of the Global Peace Index and the United States Peace Index, the United Kingdom ranked 29/158 on the Global Peace index for 2012. The UKPI was released in April 2013 and provides a comprehensive measure of the levels of peacefulness within the United Kingdom from 2003 to 2012. Peace is defined as the absence of violence or the absence of the fear of violence. The UKPI also provides an analysis of the socio-economic factors associated with peacefulness, as well as an estimate of the economic benefits that would flow from increases in peace.
Findings of the report
The index found that the rate of homicides per 100,000 people in the UK had fallen from 1.99 in 2003, to one in 2012. Further, it found that the violent crime rate was down by about one quarter (from 1,255 per 100,000 people in 2003, to 933 in 2012), with the southeast of the country as the most peaceful place to live (Broadland in Norfolk received the highest rank). In Scotland, Glasgow was rated least peaceful and the Orkney Islands as most peaceful. In Northern Ireland, Belfast was worst and Castlereagh was best. The report finds Wales as "easily" the most peaceful of the nations of the UK. In terms of other categories of crimes, public disorder offenses fell by 29%, while weapons crimes fell by 34%. The index found that 25 per cent of British citizens expect to become a victim of crime, while only 4 per cent actually experience it. Despite the high rate of perceptions of crime, the country experienced the largest drop in violence rates of any European country over the last decade. The report notes that "there is no commonly accepted explanation by criminologists for the fall in violence in many of the world's regions including the US, Western Europe, Eastern and Central Europe, as well as the UK," and that "many of the more common theories" are not backed by statistical evidence. For example, while the global financial crisis has seen many countries suffer severely in economic terms and while levels of peacefulness increased, the idea that violent crime goes up when the economy goes down is not backed by the evidence.
The UKPI reinforces findings from the United States Peace Index: access to employment, health, and education provides protection from the poverty and has significant impact on reducing violence and improving economic activity. The study found that violence costs the U.K. 124 billion pounds ($189 billion) a year, more than 7 percent of gross domestic product. The authors of the index have stated that a 9% reduction in violence in the UK would be equivalent to the total cost of the London Olympics.
References
External links
UK Peace Index Interactive Map
"About the UK Peace Index". Vision of Humanity
Vision of Humanity - Global Peace Index Site
Interactive world map of the Global Peace Index
Institute for Economics and Peace
Uppsala Conflict Data Program, an organized violence database
Crime in the United Kingdom |
1104820 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangash | Bangash | The Bangash, Bungish, Bangaš or Bangakh () are a tribe of Pashtuns, inhabiting their traditional homeland, historically known as Bangash district, which stretches from Kohat to Tall in Hangu and Spīn Ghar in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. They also live as There Homeland in Gardez Paktia, Khost Afghanistan. The Bangash are also settled in large numbers in Uttar Pradesh, India, especially in the city of Farrukhabad, which was founded in 1714 by Nawab Muhammad Khan Bangash.
Genealogy
According to a narrative, the Bangash tribe descended from a man named Ismail, who is described as a governor of Multan whose 11th-generation ancestor was Khalid ibn al-Walid, the famous Arab commander of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. According to the legend, Ismail moved from Multan to settle in Gardez, Paktia, while his wife was from Farmul in Urgun, Paktika. Ismail had two sons, Gār and Sāmil, who were the progenitors of the modern Gari and Samilzai clans of the Bangash, respectively.
Etymology
According to a popular folk etymology, the name Bangash, Bungish or Bangakh is derived from bon-kash (), which is Persian for "root drawer" or "root destroyer," implying that during battles, the Bangash would not rest until they had annihilated the enemy.
History
During the early modern period, the Bangash homeland was known as "Bangash district and was ruled by the Khan Of Hangu since 1540 which is well documented " Babur, a Timurid (and later Mughal) ruler from Fergana (in present-day Uzbekistan) who captured Kabul in 1504, described Bangash district in his Baburnama as one of the 14 tūmān of Kabul province.
Timurid raids
In 1505, after plundering Kohat for two days, Babur's Timurid army marched southwest to raid Bangash district. As they reached a valley surrounded by mountains between Kohat and Hangu, the Bangash Pashtuns occupied the hills on both sides, surrounding the army. However, the Timurids successfully pushed the Pashtuns down towards a nearby detached hill, after which the Timurids surrounded them from all sides and got hold of them. About 100 to 200 Pashtuns were taken during the attack.
On the next day, Babur reached Hangu, where the Bangash Pashtuns had fortified a sangar on the top of a hill. The Timurid army immediately captured it and beheaded about 100 to 200 more Pashtuns, setting up another tower of heads. From Hangu, the Timurid army marched to Tall. The soldiers set out to plunder the Bangash Pashtuns of the neighborhood. Afterwards, the Timurids marched from Bangash to Bannu on the Kurram River, where they set up their third pillar of severed heads.
Roshani movement
In the second half of the 16th century, the Bangash tribe joined the Roshani movement of Pir Roshan, an ethnic Ormur, who migrated with his family and few of his disciples from Waziristan to Tirah. The Roshanis rebelled against the Mughal emperor Akbar, who constantly sent punitive expeditions to crush the movement. After Pir Roshan's death, the movement was led by his youngest son Pir Jalala. In 1587, Akbar sent a strong Mughal force against him to the Bangash region. In 1599, Pir Jalala took Ghazni but it was quickly recovered by the Mughals. Pir Jalala was succeeded by his nephew Ahdad, who set up a base in Charkh, Logar, and attacked Mughal-held Kabul and Jalalabad several times between 1611 and 1615, but was unsuccessful. In 1626, Ahdad died during a Mughal attack in Tirah. In 1630, when Pir Roshan's great-grandson, Abdul Qadir, launched attacks on the Mughal army in Peshawar, thousands of Pashtuns from the Bangash, Afridi, Mohmand, Kheshgi, Yusufzai, and other tribes took part. The Roshanis failed in the attack, but continued their resistance against the Mughals throughout the 17th century.
Khwaja Muhammad Bangash, who belonged to the Bangash tribe, was a famous 17th-century Pashto Sufi poet and mystic associated with the Roshani movement.
Karrani dynasty of Bengal
The Karrani dynasty was founded in 1564 by Taj Khan Karrani, a Karlani Pashtun hailing from the Kurram valley in Bangash district. It was the last dynasty to rule the Bengal Sultanate. Taj Khan Karrani was formerly an employee of the Sur Pashtun emperor, Sher Shah Suri. His capital was at Gaur (in present-day Malda district, West Bengal, India). He was succeeded by his brother Sulaiman Khan Karrani, who shifted the capital from Gaur to Tandah (also in Malda district) in 1565. In 1568, Sulaiman Khan annexed Orissa to the Karrani sultanate. Sulaiman Khan's authority extended from Cooch Behar to Puri, and from Son River to Brahmaputra River.
On 25 September 1574, the Mughal Empire captured the Karrani capital Tandah. The Battle of Tukaroi fought on 3 March 1575 forced Daud Khan Karrani, the last Karrani ruler, to withdraw to Orissa. The battle led to the Treaty of Katak in which Daud ceded the whole of Bengal and Bihar, retaining only Orissa. Daud Khan, however, later invaded Bengal, declaring independence from Mughal emperor Akbar. The Mughal onslaught against the Karrani sultanate ended with the Battle of Rajmahal on 12 July 1576, during which Daud Khan was captured and later executed by the Mughals. However, the Pashtuns and the local landlords known as Baro Bhuyans led by Isa Khan continued to resist the Mughal invasion. Later in 1612 during the reign of Jahangir, Bengal was finally integrated as a Mughal province.
Bangash state of Farrukhabad
Muhammad Khan Bangash, who belonged to the Kaghazai line of Bangash tribe, became the first Nawab of Farrukhabad in 1713 in Uttar Pradesh, India. Being illiterate, he was unable to understand a single word of Persian, Turki or Pashto. He named the city after then Mughal emperor Farrukhsiyar. The Bangash Nawabs encouraged merchants and bankers to come and settle in Farrukhabad for the promotion of commercial activities. Very important in this respect was the establishment of the Farrukhabad mint, which apart from being an emblem of sovereignty, stimulated bullion imports and attracted numerous bankers to work in the city. The superior quality of the Farrukhabad currency, both gold and silver, was well known in the eighteenth century as it became the most trustworthy and hardest currency of northern India.
Ahmad Shah Durrani (1747–1772), the founder of the Afghan Durrani Empire, preferred coins made at the Farrukhabad mint. The third Nawab of Farrukhabad, Ahmad Khan Bangash, took part in the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761 and supported Ahmad Shah Durrani to defeat the Marathas. Ahmad Khan practised the Utara, a peculiarity of Indian Muslim horsemen, which was the act of dismounting and fighting on foot in times of crisis, which the Hindustanis such as the Sadaat-e-Bara considered to be proof of exceptional bravery, something ridiculed by the Persian counterparts. Because of its reputation as a centre of commerce and finance, Farrukhabad began to attract new Pashtun immigrants from Afghanistan. However, Bangash-held Farrukhabad suffered from a steep economic and political decline under the British Company Raj, because the British colonial officers ordered to close the famed Farrukhabad mint and halt the bullion trade in 1824 as part of their policy to centralize the economy of India. The abolition of the mint dealt a heavy blow to the thriving grain trade and precipitated a monetary crisis in the urban and rural areas of the region. The Bangash Nawabs continued to rule Farrukhabad until they were defeated by the British at Kannauj on 23 October 1857 during the Indian Rebellion of 1857. Today, many Bangash are settled in Uttar Pradesh, most notably in Farrukhabad.
Bhopal State
The Orakzai tribe is historically closely related to the Bangash; their traditional homeland (Orakzai District) was part of Bangash district. In 1723, Dost Mohammad Khan, who belonged to the Orakzai tribe and was formerly a mercenary in the Mughal army, founded the Bhopal State in the present-day Madhya Pradesh state of central India. After his death in 1728, his descendants, the Nawabs of Bhopal, continued ruling the state. Between 1819 and 1926, the state was ruled by four women – the Nawab Begums – unique in the royalty of those days. The third Nawab Begum of Bhopal, Shah Jahan Begum (1868–1901), built the Taj Mahal palace at Bhopal as her residence.
Hamidullah Khan, the last sovereign Nawab of the dynasty, officially acceded the state to India in 1949.
Pashto dialect
The Bangash speak a northern or "harder" variant of Pashto similar to that of the Afridi dialect , Zadran and the Bangash of Kurram and Afghanistan speak similar to of the Qandahar Pashtuns, but slightly differing in some lexicographical and phonetic features.
Religion
The Bangash follow the religion of Islam, split almost evenly between Twelver Shia Muslims and Hanafi Sunni Muslims. The Bangash, along with the closely related Orakzais and Turis, are the only Pashtun tribes with Shia populations. The Shia Bangash are more concentrated around Upper Kurram and certain areas of Hangu in areas like Usterzai, while the Sunni Bangash are more concentrated around Lower Kurram Central Kurram as well as Thall and Bannu.
Demographics
The Bangash are primarily found in Pakistan, with a sizeable population also found in Afghanistan. The Bangash Pashtuns can be found all over Pakistan but majority reside in the cities of Kohat and Hangu in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, as well as the Kurram Valley and Peshawar. In Afghanistan, they will be found in the districts that make up the historic "Loya Paktia" region, including Paktia, Paktika, and Khost. Between both Pakistan and Afghanistan, there are around 800,000 Bangash Pashtuns, with around 780,000 in Pakistan alone.
Descendants of Bangash are found in India as well but are rather than being referred to as Pashtuns, they are known as "Pathans". Instead of speaking Pashto, the Bangash Pathans of India speak either Hindi or Urdu. They are mostly found in Uttar Pradesh and mostly in the cities of Farrukhabad, Lucknow, and Gorakhpur. The descendants of the first Nawab of Farrukhabad, Muhammad Khan Bangash, have also been found in cities as far as Allahabad and Varanasi. Other Bangash descendants in India are also present in Bihar. There are around 30,000 descendants of Bangash in India but other researchers give estimates of around 70,000. Just like in Pakistan and Afghanistan, the Bangash Pathans in India prefer to marry within their own tribe, or marry with other Pathans.
Despite the Karrani dynasty and its rule in modern-day Bangladesh, there are very little number of descendants of Bangash in the country. This is because unlike in Pakistan and Afghanistan, the descendants of Bangash have mixed with the local population. The Bangash in Bangladesh are Muhajirs that migrated from Uttar Pradesh and Bihar to East Pakistan.
Culture
The Bangash Pashtuns in Pakistan are very active socially and politically, and hold many government positions, both locally and federally. The most recent Bangash Pashtuns to hold a high position of power in the Pakistani Government is Kamran Khan Bangash and Shahzad Khan Bangash. Even the likes of Shahid Afridi, though not Bangash himself, is very close with many Bangash Pashtuns in Kohat and with the help of the local population, the Shahid Afridi Foundation was able to open a hospital in Kohat's Tangi Banda village.
The Bangash also play a huge role in the arts, especially in music. Well known Bangash musicians include Musharaf Bangash, Zeb Bangash, and Usman Bangash.
Saifullah Bangash is a Pakistani cricketer who plays for the Sindh cricket team and Karachi Kings.
In India, Salman Khurshid is believed to be a descendant of the Bangash Nawabs of Farrukhabad from his father. Khurshid was previously the Minister of External Affairs of India.
Notable Bangash
Afzal Bangash, Pashtun Marxist Lawyer, member of the National Awami Party, Communist Party and President of the Mazdoor Kisan Party (MKP)
Muhammad Khan Bangash, Nawab of Farrukhabad in Uttar Pradesh and Commander of a 50,000 men strong Mughal Force
Aitzaz Hasan, Pakistani Student Martyr who died preventing a suicide bomber from entering his school of 2,000 attending students
References
Karlani Pashtun tribes
Social groups of Pakistan
Urdu-speaking people
Pashto-language surnames
Pakistani names |
54499780 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green%20Light%20%28Cliff%20Richard%20song%29 | Green Light (Cliff Richard song) | "Green light" is a song recorded by Cliff Richard and released as a single in February 1979. It was the third single and title track taken from his 1978 studio album Green Light. The song is written by Alan Tarney who went on to write some of Richard's biggest hits, such as the follow-up single "We Don't Talk Anymore", "Dreamin'" (1980), "Wired for Sound" (1981) and "Some People" (1987).
Release and reception
Released as a single over four months after the released of the album, the single peaked at number 57 on the UK Singles Chart in a three-week run. Nevertheless, it broke his singles-chart drought after his previous three singles in 1978 had all missed the charts. In the US, the track received FM radio airplay on AOR formats, but did not chart.
Richard especially included the original version on his 1994 greatest hits album The Hit List (primarily made up of all Richard's top 5 hits to that time) despite it not even making the Top 40 of the UK Singles Charts. About the two bonus tracks on the album, he said in the cover sleeve of the album "A lot of you asked for a re-release of "Miss You Nights" so just for you it's included as a bonus and just for me, so is "Green Light"!
Music critic Bruce Eder, highlighted a rendition Richard recorded with the backing of the London Philharmonic Orchestra and released in 1983 on the live album Dressed for the Occasion. In reviewing what he described as Richard's "most impressive concert album", he said:
Track listing
7" (UK)
"Green Light" – 3:45
"Imagine Love" – 4:20
7" (US)
"Green Light" – 3:29
"Needing a Friend" – 2:56
7" (Netherlands and Germany)
"Green Light" – 4:01
"Needing a Friend" – 2:55
Chart performance
Covers
1979: Yvonne Elliman included her version on her album Yvonne (1979).
References
1979 songs
1979 singles
Cliff Richard songs
Songs written by Alan Tarney |
7469352 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leasowes%20High%20School | Leasowes High School | Leasowes High School is a coeducational secondary school located in Halesowen in the West Midlands of England.
It regularly performs well in the Dudley Borough's GCSE league tables; and there is a high application rate amongst primary school leavers, meaning that some local children have to attend schools further afield, such as Earls High School and Windsor High School.
History
The school was opened in September 1972 as a 13-18 mixed secondary school, as Halesowen borough council had abandoned the traditional 5-7 infant, 7-11 junior and 11-16/18 secondary schools in favour of a three-tier system of 5-9 first, 9-13 middle and 13-18 secondary schools. Leasowes High School effectively replaced Hill & Cakemore Secondary Modern Schools on Long Lane, with the old school becoming Greenhill Middle School.
Halesowen was absorbed by Dudley (which had adopted 5-8 first and 8-12 middle schools in 1972) in April 1974, but the system in Halesowen continued until September 1982, when the traditional age ranges were reinstated, although the remaining parts of Dudley did not revert to this system for another eight years. Leasowes became an 11-16 comprehensive as a result of this reorganisation, resulting in the closure of Greenhill Middle School. The three oldest year groups at Greenhill moved up to Leasowes, while the youngest year group were transferred to Olive Hill Primary School. Sixth form education in Halesowen was then centralised to an expanded Halesowen College.
The Greenhill Middle School site remained in use until 1987, as an annexe to Leasowes until new buildings on the Kent Road site were opened to accommodate the sufficient pupil numbers. It was demolished soon after.
In September 2004 Leasowes Community College was awarded specialist school status, giving them the title of Business and Enterprise College. This has allowed the college to expand by the addition of a new £2.5 million building to provide modern and well equipped ICT learning and teaching equipment to accommodate its status.
Halesowen Education Trust is the first of its kind in the UK. Launched in late 2007, the area's secondary schools, Earls High School, Windsor High School and Leasowes Community College, have formed a Trust federation with Halesowen College, with the support of the Wolverhampton University, Dudley Local Authority and business partners.
In 2008 Leasowes Community College was awarded "Outstanding Winner 2008" at the 21st Century Learning Alliance Awards.
The school suffered a tragedy on 7 March 2013 when 16-year-old pupil Christina Edkins was stabbed to death on a bus travelling along nearby Hagley Road on her journey to school. The tragedy has been the focus of local and national media attention.
Previously a foundation school administered by Dudley Metropolitan Borough Council, in December 2016 Leasowes High School converted to academy status. The school is now sponsored by the Invictus Education Trust.
Trilby Multimedia
Leasowes has a close working relationship with Trilby Multimedia. In October 2004 Leasowes worked closely with Trilby to create the Mediaonics Fantasia. For two weeks the Ruskin Centre, Stourbridge, hosted staff and pupils from Halesowen Education Trust and Industry Partners to create the Garden Of Imaginary Delights, a Mediaonics Fantasia installation on a large scale with influences from Hawkstone Park and Follies.
References
Secondary schools in the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley
Halesowen
Academies in the Metropolitan Borough of Dudley
Educational institutions established in 1972
1972 establishments in England |
1497364 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meili | Meili | In Norse mythology, Meili (Old Norse: , 'the lovely one') is a god, son of the god Odin and brother of the god Thor. Meili is attested in the Poetic Edda, compiled in the 13th century from earlier traditional sources, and the Prose Edda, written in the 13th century by Snorri Sturluson. Other than Meili's relation to Odin and Thor, no additional information is provided about the deity in either source.
Attestations
In the Poetic Edda poem Hárbarðsljóð, Meili receives a single mention; the god Thor declares that, even if he were an outlaw, he would reveal his name and his homeland, for he is the son of Odin, the brother of Meili, and the father of Magni.
Meili receives four mentions in the Prose Edda book Skáldskaparmál. In chapter 17, verses from the poem Haustlöng (attributed to the 10th century skald Þjóðólfr of Hvinir) are provided, where Thor is referred to as "Meili's brother." In chapter 22, additional quotes from Haustlöng are provided where a kenning is employed for the god Hœnir that refers to Meili ("step-Meili"). In chapter 23, a quote by a work from the skald Þjóðólfr of Hvinir is provided that refers to Thor as "Meili's brother". In chapter 75, Meili is listed among names of the Æsir and as a son of Odin (between the god Baldr and the god Víðarr).
Reception
Some 19th-century scholars proposed that Meili's mother should be understood as Jörð, a goddess and the personified Earth. Also during the 19th century, Viktor Rydberg theorized that Baldr and Meili are one and the same.
Notes
References
Barth, Christian K. (1846). Teutschlands Urgeschichte, Vol. 5. Erlangen: J. J. Palm & Ernst Enke.
Faulkes, Anthony (Trans.) (1995). Edda. Everyman.
Larrington, Carolyne (Trans.) (1999). The Poetic Edda. Oxford World's Classics.
Pierer, Heinrich A. (1844). Universallexikon der Gegenwart und Vergangenheit, Vol. 21. Altenburg: H. A. Pierer.
Simek, Rudolf (2007) translated by Angela Hall. Dictionary of Northern Mythology. D.S. Brewer.
Rydberg, Viktor (2003). Our Father's Godsaga: Retold for the Young. Lincoln: iUniverse.
Uhland, Ludwig (1868). Schriften zur Geschichte der Dichtung und Sage, Vol. 6. Stuttgart: Verlag der J. G. Cotta'schen Buchhandlung.
Æsir
Sons of Odin
Norse gods
Baldr |
1009150 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nice%20%26%20Smooth | Nice & Smooth | Nice & Smooth is an East Coast hip hop duo from New York City that consists of Gregory O. "Greg Nice" Mays (born May 30, 1967) and Darryl O. "Smooth B" Barnes (born August 3, 1965) plus their deejay Tedd "DJ Teddy Tedd" Whiting. The duo released four albums between 1989 and 1997.
Their first collaborative appearance was on the single "Dope on a Rope"/"Skill Trade" on Strange Family Records in 1987. On the strength of that underground single they managed a guest spot on the song "Pimpin Ain't Easy" by Big Daddy Kane on his 1989 album It's a Big Daddy Thing.
Discography
Studio albums
Singles
As lead artist
Featured singles
Guest appearances
References
Notes
Citations
External links
Nice & Smooth at AllMusic
Nice & Smooth at Discogs
African-American musical groups
Musical duos from New York (state)
East Coast hip hop groups
American hip hop duos
Hip hop groups from New York City
Entertainers from the Bronx |
62638631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project%20Insecurity | Project Insecurity | Project Insecurity was a computer security organization founded in 2018 by Matthew Telfer focusing on educational resources, vulnerability identification and remediation, and exploit development.
Project Insecurity have responsibly disclosed and released a number of security flaws since their formation in 2018.
History
In April 2018, Project Insecurity released two exploits affecting live chat systems used by various Internet Service Providers and Financial corporations around the world. Nuance Communications and LiveChat were the affected software vendors, both of which appeared to be vulnerable to bugs of a similar nature. These bugs could have allowed a malicious actor to glean information on employees relating to the affected companies, such as the name, email, and employee ID of the chat agent, alongside other information such as the backend systems in use, allowing a malicious hacker to potentially gain a foothold within these networks.
One of the founders of this exploit was Kane Gamble, who was convicted and given a two-year prison sentence shortly after these exploits were disclosed. Kane's sentencing was unrelated to any activities involving Project Insecurity and was instead due to his involvement with Crackas With Attitude, a group responsible for purportedly hacking the CIA, FBI and Department of Homeland Security. Prior to his sentencing, Kane Gamble had been attempting to show that he had reformed his character, not only working alongside Project Insecurity to help secure the above affected systems, but also by reporting vulnerabilities to companies such as T-Mobile USA of his own accord.
In August 2018, Project Insecurity released a series of critical exploits for OpenEMR, an electronic medical system. There was over 25 vulnerabilities released in total, some of which would allow a malicious hacker to obtain full access to any machine running OpenEMR. This meant that such a flaw could be leveraged to expose the personal information of more than 100 million people worldwide, including 30-million US Citizens.
References
Computer security organizations |
24341552 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20educational%20institutions%20in%20Latur%20district | List of educational institutions in Latur district | Latur is one of the many educational hubs in Maharashtra.
Schools
Central Board of Secondary Education (CBSE Affiliated)
Sant Tukaram National Model School, Latur
Podar International School, Latur
Christ International School
Global Knowledge Public School, Latur
Hizon discovery academy
Jaihind School Udgir
Jawahar Navodaya Vidhyalaya Latur
Kendriya vidyalaya
Raja Narayanlal Lahoti English School, Latur
Sharada International School
Smt. Prayag Karad English Medium High school,
Swami Vivekanand Integration English School, Latur
Shri Bankatlal lahoti English School, Latur
MDA Royal International School, MDA Educational Campus, Kolpa, Tq & Dist Latur
Indian Certificate of Secondary Education
Goldcrest High International School, Latur
Maharashtra State Board of Secondary and Higher Secondary Education
• Saraswati Vidyalay, Prakash Nagar, Latur
Baswanappa Wale New English Medium School, Latur
Shri Shanti Niketan English School Latur
Kripa Sadan Convent School
Shri Deshikendra Vidyalaya, Latur
Dnyanprakash Vidyaniketan School, Latur
Godavari Devi Kanya Vidyalay
Global Knowledge Public School, Latur
Jijamata Girls' School
Rajasthan High School
Shree Gujrathi English School G.S.S.
Shri Keshavraj Vidyalaya, Latur
Shri Bhagwan School, Latur
Mahatma Phule Madhyamik Vidyalaya, Ltur
Sane Guruji Prathmik Vidyalaya, Latur
Swami Vivekanand Junior College, Latur
Yeshwant Vidya Mandir, Sale Galli, Latur
Yeshwant Vidyalaya
Colleges
Rajarshi Shahu College, Latur
College of Computer Science and Information Technology
Dayanand Arts College, Latur
Dayanand Commerce College, Latur
Dayanand Science College, Latur
MIT College of Commerce & Management Studies
MIMSR – CPS [PGD courses]
MIMSR – D.M.L.T. Courses
Maharashtra Institute of Physiotherapy
MIT College of Science and Computer Studies
Mahatma Basweshwar College Latur
Reliance Latur Pattern, Shree Tripura College, Latur
ITI
Government ITI, Latur
Government Ladies ITI, Latur
Government ITI for Backward Class, Latur
Government ITI, Jalkot, Latur
Latur College of ITI, Hasegaon. Tq.Ausa, Dist.Latur
Nursing colleges
Dhanvantari Shikshan & Samajik Pratishthan, Sant Rambhau ANM School, Ahmedpur Dist - Latur
Vishwabharati Senstha, Latur
Abhinav Bahuddeshiya Sevabhavi Sanstha's New Vision School of Nursing, Latur
Bhivrai Nursing School, Latur
College of Nursing Latur
Florence School of Nursing, Latur
G.B.Patil School of Nursing, Udgir, Latur
Indira Gandhi Nursing School, Barshi, Latur
Indira Gandhi RANM Nursing School, Chakur, Latur
Jawalge Nursing School, Latur
Jijamata Nursing School, Latur
Kalpataru Bahuuddeshiya Sevabhavi Sanstha's Latur School of Nursing, Latur
Late Mahaling Swami Nursing School, Latur
Latur Nursing School, Latur
Maharashtra College of Nursing Majage Nagar, Latur
Maharashtra Institute of Nursing Sciences - B.Sc. Nursing College
Maharashtra Nursing School, Chakur
Maharashtra College of Nursing (B.Sc. Nursing)
Maharashtra School of Nursing (RGNM)
Maharashtra College of Nursing (RANM)
Matoshree Bahhuudeshiya Samajik Vikas Sanstha's Rashtramata Jijau Nursing School, Latur
Matrubhoomi Nursing School, Udgir, Latur
Mother Teresa Nursing Institute, Latur
Navjeevan Institute of Nursing Sciences, Ahmedpur, Latur
New Mothe Teresa RANM Nursing School, Udgir, Latur
Parvatibai Patade Nursing School, Murud, Latur
S.G. Nursing School, Latur
Sant Rambhau ANM Nursing School, Latur
Sarojini Naidu School of Nursing Chakur Latur
Savitribai Phule Nursing Institute, Udgir, Latur
Savitribai Phule Nursing School, Jalkot, Latur
Shri Bhagwan Nursing School, Latur
Suvidha Nursing, Latur
Swami Vivekanand School of Nursing, Udgir, Latur
Swami Vivekanand School of Nursing, Renapur
Tirumalla RANM Nursing School, Latur
Yeshwant Nursing School Latur
Engineering colleges
Balaghat Engineering College, Rudha
M. S. Bidve Engineering College, Latur
Maharashtra College of Engineering, Nilanga
Maharashtra Udayagiri Institute of Management & Technology, Somnathpur
Vilasrao Deshmukh Foundations School of Technology Latur
Vishveshwarayya Abhiyantriki Padvika Mahavidyalay, Almala, Ausa
VIT Pune Latur Campus STMEI's Sandipani Technical Campus - Faculty of Engineering & Polytechnic, Kolpa, Latur
Pharmacy colleges
Channabasweshwar Pharmacy College, Latur
Mahatma Basveshwer Pharmacy College, Latur
Dayanand College of Pharmacy, Latur
Godavari Institute of Pharmacy, kolpa Latur
Dagadojirao Deshmukh D Pharmacy College, Almala Tq Ausa Dist Latur
Shivlingeshwar College of Pharmacy, Almala Tq Ausa Dist Latur
Polytechnic colleges
Balghat Polytechnic College, Rudha
Bharat Ratna Lata Mangeshkar Polytechnic Aurad Shahajani
D.B Group of Institution, School of Technology (Polytechnic), Mahalangra
Government Residential Women's Polytechnic, Latur
Lal Bahadur Shastri Polytechnic Institute, Tondar Pati, Udgir
N.B.S. Institute Of Polytechnic, Ausa, Latur
Puranmal Lahoti Government Polytechnic, Latur
Rajiv Gandhi Polytechnic, Kavalkhed, Udgir
Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Polytechnic, Hasegaon
Swami Vivekanand Institute of Polytechnic, Latur
STMEI's Sandipani Technical Campus-Faculy of Polytechnic, Kolpa, Latur
Vishveshwarayya Abhiyantriki Padvika Mahavidyalay, Almala, Ausa, Latur
VDF School of Polytechnic, Latur
Medical colleges
Government Medical College, Latur
Vilasrao Deshmukh Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Latur
Maharashtra Institute of Medical Science & Research, Latur
Veterinary, fishery and dairy colleges
College of Dairy Technology, Udgir
College of Fishery Science, Udgir
College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Udgir
Ayurvedic colleges
Manajara Ayurvedic Medical College & Hospital, Latur
Dhanwantari Ayurvedic Medical College, Udgir
Dental colleges
Maharashtra Institute of Dental Science & Research Latur
Management studies
Aspiring Careers (English Speaking & Soft Skills Training Center), Latur
D.B Institute of Management & Research, Mahalangra, Latur
School of Management (SMT)
Maitree Institute of Management, Latur
University sub-center
S.R.T.M. University Sub Center Latur, Latur
Maharshtra Animal and Fishery Sciences University, Nagpur, sub-center, Udgir
References
Education in Latur |
59587382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20leaders%20of%20the%20opposition%20in%20the%20Telangana%20Legislative%20Assembly | List of leaders of the opposition in the Telangana Legislative Assembly | This is a list of leaders of the opposition in the Telangana Legislative Assembly.
Leaders of the opposition
References
Telangana Legislative Assembly
Leader of the Opposition |
13387953 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagles%20Meadow | Eagles Meadow | Eagles Meadow () is a medium-sized shopping centre in Wrexham city centre. Previously this area has had a variety of uses over hundreds of years, originally used as stables for local gentry, and later a car park hosting a market. It was developed as a shopping centre in 2008, opening on Thursday 30 October 2008 at 10am.
There is a webcam pointed at the Eagles Meadow bridge hosted by local hyperlocal site Wrexham.com.
History
Used as local gentry's stables.
During World War II, the area was used as a motorpool for elements of the U.S. Army's 83rd Infantry Division.
After the US Army withdrew its forces in Europe after the war, the buildings and treated surface they had created were ideal as a Horse Repository.
In the early 1970s the land was divided between a large urban car park and a small retail development which included a new Asda superstore. A bridge, known locally as the Asda fly-over, was constructed to carry the then town's ring road between Smithfield Road and Salop Road. After these developments, the car park was used as the main weekly market in the town, which moved from St George's Crescent (the original 'Beast Market').
Asda moved to a larger site in September 2000 and the weekly market eventually moved to a new location at the Waterworld car park.
A number of proposals were put forward for re-development of this land (which is close to St. Giles Church). Firstly John Lewis signed up to anchor a retail based development, which included a number of other stores and a supermarket. This development fell through, and the landowner and largest stakeholder Wrexham County Borough Council decided to put the land up for sale by tender.
A large number of tenders were received and in 2003 the winner was chosen as Wilson Bowden in partnership with architects Bernard Engle. The >£100m development includes two large department stores, cafes, bars, restaurants and over 40 other stores. It includes a number of landmark buildings and urban plazas, including a 'Spanish Steps' style area (see Gallery). A number of high rise city style apartments were constructed on the town centre side of the development. Construction began in early 2006 and opened to the public on 30 October 2008.
Controversy surrounded the new build, as several shops already located in the city centre moved to Eagles Meadow and closed their shops in the city centre. However, by 2021, this trend partially reversed, with numerous outlets moving back to larger units in the city centre, notably Sports Direct moving to the Henblas Street redevelopment in the city centre, and chains with multiple sites in Wrexham such as Greggs and Burger King closing their on-site stores whilst maintaining their city centre sites. The centre has since suffered from store closures from 2016 with many citing high business rates (set by the Welsh Government, Wales-wide), increasing in 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Wales which saw the closure of one of the centre's anchor stores, Debenhams in 2021.
Stores and amenities
Stores and other amenities at the centre include: Boots, Clarks, Clintons, Clogau, F. Hinds, JD Sports, Next, Odeon Cinema, Marks & Spencer (Closing in late 2023), Pandora, River Island, Tenpin, Trespass and The Entertainer.
Since 2022, the Centre also hosts the monthly Wrexham Clothing Exchange.
Gallery
References
External links
Eagles Meadow Webcam
Eagles Meadow official site
Buildings and structures in Wrexham
Shopping centres in Wales
Shopping malls established in 2008 |
37177134 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crazy%20Kids | Crazy Kids | "Crazy Kids" is a song by American singer Kesha. It was released on April 29, 2013, as the third and final single from her second album Warrior (2012), with will.i.am or Juicy J as the featured artist depending on the version. An additional remix surfaced online featuring Pitbull. The lyrics were written by Kesha with assistance with Dr. Luke, Benny Blanco, Cirkut, who also helmed production of the track. Each featured artist wrote their own contribution.
Featuring whistling, the song is of the synthpop and hip hop genres. A music video for the track premiered on MTV on May 28, 2013, followed by the finale of her television documentary, Kesha: My Crazy Beautiful Life. The song was met with mixed reviews upon release, with will.i.am's addition to the song being criticized, while positive reactions for the music video followed, accompanied by comparisons between her Riff Raff and Brooke Candy.
Worldwide, the song has reached moderate success. The record peaked at 27 in the UK Singles Chart. In the United States, the song entered Billboard Hot 100 at number 59 and peaked at number 40 and entered the Mainstream Top 40 at number 22, eventually peaking at number 19. The record reached 14 in the charts in both Ireland and Lebanon. "Crazy Kids" is also certified Platinum in the US and Australia.
Background and remixes
The song was recorded for Kesha's second album, Warrior. Kesha stated that the track is this album's version of her 2010 single "We R Who We R". She recorded the song in June 2012.
will.i.am was in a nearby recording studio when he heard Luke, Blanco and Cirkut working with Kesha on the track, and immediately wanted to get involved. He co-wrote the album version and later wrote and recorded a new verse for himself, hoping he would be the featured artist in the song. Initially the record label decided not to include his verse; however, later his verse was included in the single/remix version of the song. It officially impacted contemporary hit radio on April 29, 2013, and rhythmic contemporary radio on May 7, 2013. It was made available for purchase as a digital download on April 30, 2013. will.i.am produced two other tracks whilst working with Luke, Blanco and Cirkut; they appear on will.i.am's album #willpower.
The second official remix, which features rapper Pitbull, follows the same formula as the will.i.am remix. As with the first remix, the song's second verse removed in favor of Pitbull's new verse and also includes Pitbull speaking during the intro. The third remix, featuring rapper Juicy J, was sent to U.S. Rhythmic radio and became available for purchase as a digital download on May 21, 2013. Rap-Up called the Juicy J remix "raucous".
Composition
"Crazy Kids" combines the genres technopop, rap, and hip hop into what VIBE called "hip-pop". Lyrically, "Crazy Kids" was said to establish dualistic personalities for Kesha. The A.V. Club writer Annie Zaleski said: "On the acoustic guitar-driven choruses, she's sweet and melancholy as she reveals her insanity; on the electronic-dipped verses, she unloads snappy hip-hop boasts ("I'm no virgin or no Virgo / I'm crazy that's my word, though") to assert herself." Over hip hop dub beats, Kesha raps "coochie" with "Gucci", drops several f-bombs, and contributes her famous sing-rap style vocals in addition to traditional singing. The song prominently features whistling in several areas.
"Crazy Kids" is composed in the key of G minor at a tempo of 128 beats per minute.
Music video
The official music video for "Crazy Kids" was filmed on May 9, 2013. The music video was released on May 28, 2013, and was uploaded in her YouTube Vevo account on May 29, 2013.
In the video Kesha wore large platform shoes and gold-rimmed sunglasses, as well as golden heart-shaped earrings. The video contains a scene where Kesha is flanked by chocolate-colored pit bulls, which Liza Darwin of MTV compared to the opening scene of the video for Lana Del Rey's song "Born to Die". In that video, Del Rey is situated between two Bengal tigers. Darwin also commented on Kesha's grill, comparing it to similar attire worn by Australian rapper Iggy Azalea.
Critical reception
The song received mixed reviews from critics. The Huffington Post stated that: "in addition to sporting pastel cornrows, [Kesha] wore an outfit that could only be described as ...interesting... her light ink corset under a plaid shirt, [along with] denim hot [daisy dukes] paired with white thigh-high stockings evokes a Christina Aguilera in her 'Your Body'" video, meets James Franco in 'Spring Breakers' vibe". About the video, the rapper tweeted the following: "Just wait until you see what these super sweet biker dudes are doing in my video". PopCrush blogged about the video, saying: "clearly, Kesha, who is quite pretty, is going for the dork look, like Katy Perry did in her 'Last Friday Night (T.G.I.F.)' video. But instead of a headgear-and-braces-wearing nerd, she's more of a gangsta geek". Calling the video "an invitation to a lazy-Sunday house party", Canada's MuchMusic wrote that Kesha's "ghetto fabulous" hair and the Hells Angels bikers make the video complete, and that they "loved it". MTV called Kesha's look "eye-popping couture", suggesting the sunglasses as being inspired by Elton John and the braids by fellow rappers Riff Raff and Brooke Candy. Fashion writer Mickey Woods of Glamour affirmed the Brooke Candy comparison. New York magazine' music blog, Vulture, documented a high volume of occult symbolism, specifically that which is conventionally associated with modern perceptions of the Bavarian Illuminati. Amanda Dobbins, the reviewer, toyed with the possibility of Kesha being a whistleblower for the cult, displaying the symbols such as the all-seeing eye tattooed on the rapper's palm, both overtly and excessively in the "Crazy Kids" video. Dobbins wrote: "She keeps waving it around, too, just to make sure that you see it and get mildly anxious about her Illuminati associations." Conversely, Dobbins suggested Kesha is serving consumers the Illuminati angle to snag more views, as Billboard and other mainstream music critics reported with the music video for "Die Young". MTV reported a similar position, noticing a trend with the singer and ocular-themed accessories, namely nail art. Paper blogger Abby Schreiber said: "Never one for subtlety, Ke$ha rocks...an Illuminati tattoo on her hand...."
During their critique of Warrior, Billboard said 'Crazy Kids' displayed Kesha at "her most take-it-or-leave it" and called the beats "grimy". Considering her vocals on "Crazy Kids" as some of the singer's best, Billboard called the chorus a "sing-a-long". Critics compared the track to "Like a G6" by the Far East Movement.
Critics unfavorably reviewed will.i.am's addition to the song. Spin's Mark Hogan said will.i.am's verse delivers "cheap crassness," but praised Kesha's solo version, stating that her "charisma is enough for you to keep from flipping the dial." Hogan also added that while "Crazy Kids" was inferior to will's Britney Spears' collaboration, "Scream & Shout", the song was destined for mainstream top 40 success.
The Honesty Hour ran an article stating that the original was "fine" without the additional verse, but that will.i.am can "only help the song" commercially.
Chart and commercial performance
"Crazy Kids" debuted on the Billboard Hot 100 at 59, and rose to a peak of 40, becoming her consecutive second solo single not to reach the top ten. It also peaked at 19 on the Mainstream Top 40 chart, also becoming her second solo single not to reach the top ten on those charts. On December 13, 2018, "Crazy Kids" received a platinum certification in the United States by the nation's Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) for accomplishing combined sales and streaming equivalent units of 1 million in the country.
In the UK, "Crazy Kids" peaked at 27. In Australia the song peaked at 32 on the ARIA charts, obtaining a gold certification with digital sales of over 35,000 units.
Credits and personnel
Vocals – Kesha
Guest vocals – Will.i.am, Juicy J
Songwriting: Kesha, Lukasz Gottwald, William Adams, Jordan Houston, Henry Walter, Benjamin Levin
Production: Dr. Luke, Cirkut, Benny Blanco
Credits adapted from the liner notes on BMI.
Track listing
Digital download (remix featuring will.i.am)
"Crazy Kids" (featuring will.i.am) – 3:49
Digital download (remix featuring Juicy J)
"Crazy Kids" (featuring Juicy J) – 3:49
Digital download (German extended play)
"Crazy Kids" (featuring will.i.am) – 3:49
"Crazy Kids" (featuring Juicy J) – 3:49
"Crazy Kids" – 3:50
"Crazy Kids" (instrumental) – 3:48
"Crazy Kids" (video) – 3:47
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Release history
References
External links
2013 singles
2012 songs
Juicy J songs
Kesha songs
Techno songs
RCA Records singles
Song recordings produced by Benny Blanco
Song recordings produced by Dr. Luke
Songs written by Dr. Luke
Songs written by Kesha
Songs written by will.i.am
Song recordings produced by Cirkut
Will.i.am songs
Songs written by Cirkut
Songs written by Benny Blanco
Songs written by Juicy J |
145842 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Huxley | Andrew Huxley | Sir Andrew Fielding Huxley (22 November 191730 May 2012) was an English physiologist and biophysicist. He was born into the prominent Huxley family. After leaving Westminster School in central London, he went to Trinity College, Cambridge on a scholarship, after which he joined Alan Lloyd Hodgkin to study nerve impulses. Their eventual discovery of the basis for propagation of nerve impulses (called an action potential) earned them the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1963. They made their discovery from the giant axon of the Atlantic squid. Soon after the outbreak of the Second World War, Huxley was recruited by the British Anti-Aircraft Command and later transferred to the Admiralty. After the war he resumed research at the University of Cambridge, where he developed interference microscopy that would be suitable for studying muscle fibres.
In 1952, he was joined by a German physiologist Rolf Niedergerke. Together they discovered in 1954 the mechanism of muscle contraction, popularly called the "sliding filament theory", which is the foundation of our modern understanding of muscle mechanics. In 1960 he became head of the Department of Physiology at University College London. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1955, and President in 1980. The Royal Society awarded him the Copley Medal in 1973 for his collective contributions to the understanding of nerve impulses and muscle contraction. He was conferred a Knight Bachelor by the Queen in 1974, and was appointed to the Order of Merit in 1983. He was a fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge, until his death.
Early life and education
Huxley was born in Hampstead, London, England, on 22 November 1917. He was the youngest son of the writer and editor Leonard Huxley by Leonard Huxley's second wife Rosalind Bruce, and hence half-brother of the writer Aldous Huxley and fellow biologist Julian Huxley, and grandson of the biologist T. H. Huxley.
When he was about 12, Andrew and his brother David were given a lathe by their parents. Andrew soon became proficient at designing, making and assembling mechanical objects of all kinds, from wooden candle sticks to a working internal combustion engine. He used these practical skills throughout his career, building much of the specialized equipment he needed for his research. It was also in his early teens that he formed his lifelong interest in microscopy.
He was educated at University College School and Westminster School in Central London, where he was a King's Scholar. He graduated and won a scholarship to Trinity College, Cambridge, to read natural sciences. He had intended to become an engineer but switched to physiology after taking the subject to fulfill an elective.
Career
Having entered Cambridge in 1935, Huxley graduated with a bachelor's degree in 1938. In 1939, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin returned from the US to take up a fellowship at Trinity College, and Huxley became one of his postgraduate students. Hodgkin was interested in the transmission of electrical signals along nerve fibres. Beginning in 1935 in Cambridge, he had made preliminary measurements on frog sciatic nerves suggesting that the accepted view of the nerve as a simple, elongated battery was flawed. Hodgkin invited Huxley to join him researching the problem. The work was experimentally challenging. One major problem was that the small size of most neurons made it extremely difficult to study them using the techniques of the time. They overcame this by working at the Marine Biological Association laboratory in Plymouth using the giant axon of the longfin inshore squid (Doryteuthis (formerly Loligo) pealeii), which have the largest neurons known. The experiments were still extremely challenging as the nerve impulses only last a fraction of a millisecond, during which time they needed to measure the changing electrical potential at different points along the nerve. Using equipment largely of their own construction and design, including one of the earliest applications of a technique of electrophysiology known as the voltage clamp, they were able to record ionic currents. In 1939, they jointly published a short paper in Nature reporting on the work done in Plymouth and announcing their achievement of recording action potentials from inside a nerve fibre.
Then World War II broke out, and their research was abandoned. Huxley was recruited by the British Anti-Aircraft Command, where he worked on radar control of anti-aircraft guns. Later he was transferred to the Admiralty to do work on naval gunnery, and worked in a team led by Patrick Blackett. Hodgkin, meanwhile, was working on the development of radar at the Air Ministry. When he had a problem concerning a new type of gun sight, he contacted Huxley for advice. Huxley did a few sketches, borrowed a lathe and produced the necessary parts.
Huxley was elected to a research fellowship at Trinity College, Cambridge, in 1941. In 1946, with the war ended, he was able to take this up and to resume his collaboration with Hodgkin on understanding how nerves transmit signals. Continuing their work in Plymouth, they were, within six years, able to solve the problem using equipment they built themselves. The solution was that nerve impulses, or action potentials, do not travel down the core of the fiber, but rather along the outer membrane of the fiber as cascading waves of sodium ions diffusing inward on a rising pulse and potassium ions diffusing out on a falling edge of a pulse. In 1952, they published their theory of how action potentials are transmitted in a joint paper, in which they also describe one of the earliest computational models in biochemistry. This model forms the basis of most of the models used in neurobiology during the following four decades.
In 1952, having completed work on action potentials, Huxley was teaching physiology at Cambridge and became interested in another difficult, unsolved problem: how does muscle contract? To make progress on understanding the function of muscle, new ways of observing how the network of filaments behave during contraction were needed. Prior to the war, he had been working on a preliminary design for interference microscopy, which at the time he believed to be original, though it turned out to have been tried 50 years before and abandoned. He, however, was able to make interference microscopy work and to apply it to the problem of muscle contraction with great effect. He was able to view muscle contraction with greater precision than conventional microscopes, and to distinguish types of fiber more easily. By 1953, with the assistance of Rolf Niedergerke, he began to find the features of muscle movement. Around that time, Hugh Huxley and Jean Hanson came to a similar observation. Authored in pairs, their papers were simultaneously published in the 22 May 1954 issue of Nature. Thus the four people introduced what is called the sliding filament theory of muscle contractions. Huxley synthesized his findings, and the work of colleagues, into a detailed description of muscle structure and how muscle contraction occurs and generates force that he published in 1957. In 1966 his team provided the proof of the theory, and has remained the basis of modern understanding of muscle physiology.
In 1953, Huxley worked at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, as a Lalor Scholar. He gave the Herter Lectures at Johns Hopkins Medical School in 1959 and the Jesup Lectures at Columbia University in 1964. In 1961 he lectured on neurophysiology at Kiev University as part of an exchange scheme between British and Russian professors.
He was an editor of the Journal of Physiology from 1950 to 1957 and also of the Journal of Molecular Biology. In 1955, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society and served on the Council of the Royal Society from 1960 to 1962.
Huxley held college and university posts in Cambridge until 1960, when he became head of the Department of Physiology at University College London. In addition to his administrative and teaching duties, he continued to work actively on muscle contraction, and also made theoretical contributions to other work in the department, such as that on animal reflectors. In 1963, he was jointly awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his part in discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms of the nerve cell. In 1969 he was appointed to a Royal Society Research Professorship, which he held in the Department of Physiology at University College London.
In 1980, Huxley was elected as President of the Royal Society, a post he held until 1985. In his Presidential Address in 1981, he chose to defend the Darwinian explanation of evolution, as his ancestor, T. H. Huxley had in 1860. Whereas T. H. Huxley was defying the bishops of his day, Sir Andrew was countering new theories of periods of accelerated change. In 1983, he defended the Society's decision to elect Margaret Thatcher as a fellow on the ground of her support for science even after 44 fellows had signed a letter of protest.
In 1984, he was elected Master of Trinity, succeeding his longtime collaborator, Sir Alan Hodgkin. His appointment broke the tradition that the office of Master of Trinity alternates between a scientist and an arts man. He was Master until 1990 and was fond of reminding interviewers that Trinity College had more Nobel Prize winners than did the whole of France. He maintained up to his death his position as a fellow at Trinity College, Cambridge, teaching in physiology, natural sciences and medicine. He was also a fellow of Imperial College London in 1980.
From his experimental work with Hodgkin, Huxley developed a set of differential equations that provided a mathematical explanation for nerve impulses—the "action potential". This work provided the foundation for all of the current work on voltage-sensitive membrane channels, which are responsible for the functioning of animal nervous systems. Quite separately, he developed the mathematical equations for the operation of myosin "cross-bridges" that generate the sliding forces between actin and myosin filaments, which cause the contraction of skeletal muscles. These equations presented an entirely new paradigm for understanding muscle contraction, which has been extended to provide understanding of almost all of the movements produced by cells above the level of bacteria. Together with the Swiss physiologist Robert Stämpfli, he evidenced the existence of saltatory conduction in myelinated nerve fibres.
Awards and honours
Huxley, Alan Hodgkin and John Eccles jointly won the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine "for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane". Huxley and Hodgkin won the prize for experimental and mathematical work on the process of nerve action potentials, the electrical impulses that enable the activity of an organism to be coordinated by a central nervous system. Eccles had made important discoveries on synaptic transmission.
Huxley was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society (FRS) in 1955, and was awarded its Copley Medal in 1973 "in recognition of his outstanding studies on the mechanisms of the nerve impulse and of activation of muscular contraction." Huxley was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1961. He was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II on 12 November 1974. He was elected to the American Philosophical Society in 1975 and the United States National Academy of Sciences in 1979. He was appointed to the Order of Merit on 11 November 1983. In 1976–77, he was President of the British Science Association and from 1980 to 1985 he served as President of the Royal Society. In 1986 he was elected an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering then known as the Fellowship of Engineering.
Huxley's portrait by David Poole hangs in Trinity College's collection.
Personal life
In 1947, Huxley married Jocelyn "Richenda" Gammell (née Pease), the daughter of the geneticist Michael Pease (a son of Edward R. Pease) and his wife Helen Bowen Wedgwood, eldest daughter of the first Lord Wedgwood (see also Darwin–Wedgwood family). They had one son and five daughters – Janet Rachel Huxley (born 20 April 1948), Stewart Leonard Huxley (born 19 December 1949), Camilla Rosalind Huxley (born 12 March 1952), Eleanor Bruce Huxley (born 21 February 1959), Henrietta Catherine Huxley (born 25 December 1960), and Clare Marjory Pease Huxley (born 4 November 1962).
Death
Huxley died on 30 May 2012. He was survived by his six children, grandchildren, and great-grandchildren. His wife Richenda, Lady Huxley died in 2003, aged 78. A funeral service was held in Trinity College Chapel on 13 June 2012, followed by a private cremation.
Publications
Huxley, A. F., 1980. Reflections on muscle. The Sherrington Lectures XIV. Liverpool.
Popular culture
Huxley was mentioned in S11 E6 of Archer: "The Double Date".
See also
Hodgkin–Huxley model
Huxley family
List of presidents of the Royal Society
References
External links
Andrew Huxley interviewed by Alan Macfarlane, 5 October 2007 (video)
Sir Andrew Huxley obituary The Guardian, 31 May 2012.
Physicist discovered key to brain science The Sydney Morning Herald, 6 June 2012, reprinted from The New York Times.
1917 births
2012 deaths
Academics of University College London
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
English agnostics
English biophysicists
English neuroscientists
English Nobel laureates
British Nobel laureates
Fellows of the Royal Society
Foreign associates of the National Academy of Sciences
Foreign Fellows of the Indian National Science Academy
Fullerian Professors of Physiology
Honorary Fellows of the Royal Academy of Engineering
Andrew
Knights Bachelor
Masters of Trinity College, Cambridge
Members of the Order of Merit
Nobel laureates in Physiology or Medicine
People educated at Westminster School, London
People from Hampstead
Presidents of the British Science Association
Presidents of the Royal Society
Recipients of the Copley Medal
Systems biologists
Electrophysiologists
British physiologists
People from Grantchester
Jodrell Professors of Physiology
The Journal of Physiology editors
Admiralty personnel of World War II
Members of the American Philosophical Society |
13148857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dares%20Beach%2C%20Maryland | Dares Beach, Maryland | Dares Beach is a residential unincorporated community located in Calvert County, Maryland, United States. Dares Beach is situated along the Chesapeake Bay. It utilizes the Prince Frederick ZIP code and is approximately four miles east of the town center of Prince Frederick at the eastern terminus of MD 402. Notable residents of Dares Beach include former Maryland state senator and Patuxent River advocate Bernie Fowler, spy novelist Tom Clancy, and television/film actor Michael Willis, whose credits include HBO's The Wire and Men in Black.
References
Beaches of Maryland
Unincorporated communities in Calvert County, Maryland
Unincorporated communities in Maryland
Maryland populated places on the Chesapeake Bay
Landforms of Calvert County, Maryland |
4558426 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austrian%20Standards%20International | Austrian Standards International | Austrian Standards International (formerly ), abbreviated ASI, is a standards organization and the ISO member body for Austria.
History
Its predecessor organization, the Österreichischer Normenausschuss für Industrie und Gewerbe (Austrian Standards Committee for Industry and Trade), was founded in the First Republic of Austria on 23 September 1920, with 13 committees developing technical standards primarily for mechanical and electrical engineering. The first standard was published in 1921 on metric screw threads. In 1932, the committee's name was shortened to the Österreichischer Normenausschuss (Austrian Standards Committee). With the Austrian Anschluss to Nazi Germany in 1938, it became a branch office of the German Deutsches Institut für Normung (DIN) standards organization, but resumed operations in its own right after World War II, and was a founding ISO member in 1946.
The 1954 Federal Act on Standardization recognized the activities of the committee, and the Act, as amended, serves as its legal basis. The Austrian Standards Committee's name was changed to ON Österreichisches Normungsinstitut in 1969.
On 1 March 2006, the Institute published ON rule ONR 168000, used to calculate the monetary value of a brand.
In 2018, the name was changed to Austrian Standards International.
The Institute is located at Heinestrasse 38, 1020 Vienna.
Austrian standards
The acronym ÖNORM designates a national standard published by the Austrian Standards International and applicable to Austria alone. Austrian national standards have the acronym "ÖNORM" followed by one letter and a unique number. By way of illustration:
ÖNORM S 4223: dimensions, safety requirements, testing, conformity marking of snorkels
ÖNORM S 4224: dimensions, safety requirements, testing, conformity marking of swimming fins
ÖNORM S 4225: safety requirements, testing, conformity marking of diving masks
In the examples above, the letter "S" following "ÖNORM" indicates that these standards address topics not covered elsewhere (Sonstige Normengebiete in German).
References
External links
Information from iso.org
Austrian Standards International (in English)
Electrical safety standards organizations
ISO member bodies
Standards Institute |
531602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Nordlund | Roger Nordlund | Roger Nordlund (born 19 November 1957) is a politician in Åland, an autonomous and unilingually Swedish territory of Finland. Nordlund is a member of the Åland Centre party and is currently serving as Deputy Premier Government of Åland and Minister of Finance.
Deputy premier (Vice lantråd), Government of Åland 2011-
Speaker, Parliament of Åland 2007- 2011, 2019-2020
Premier (lantråd), Government of Åland 1999-2007
Deputy premier (Vice lantråd), Government of Åland 1995-1999
Minister of education and culture, Government of Åland 1991-1995
Member of the Lagting (Parliament of Åland) 1983-1987, 1995, and 2007-2019
Chairman of the Åland Centre Party 1986–1987, and 1997–2007
See also
Government of Åland
Parliament of Åland
References
External links
The Åland Parliament
1957 births
Living people
Premiers of Åland
Speakers of the Parliament of Åland
Members of the Parliament of Åland |
52100625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanjida | Sanjida | Sanjida (, romanised: Sanjida/Sanjeeda) is a Bangladeshi feminine given name.
Notable people
Sanjida Islam (born 1996), Bangladeshi International cricketer
Sanjida Khatun (born 1932), Bangladeshi musicologist
Sanjida Akhter (born 2001), Bangladeshi footballer
Bangladeshi feminine given names
Feminine given names |
2885977 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Proudlock | Adam Proudlock | Adam David Proudlock (born 9 May 1981) is an English football manager and former professional footballer.
Proudlock played as a striker from 1998 to 2015. He started his career in the Football League with Wolverhampton Wanderers in 1998; he went on to make over 70 league appearances for the club, scoring 13 goals as well as spending time on loan with Clyde, Nottingham Forest, Tranmere Rovers and Sheffield Wednesday. He joined Wednesday permanently in 2003, where he made 50 appearances as well as appearing for Ipswich Town on loan before signing with Stockport County and Darlington. He ended his stay in professional football whilst in a two-year spell with Grimsby Town, in which the club were relegated to the Conference National in 2009–10.
Proudlock subsequently had spells at Non-league level for AFC Telford United, Chester and Market Drayton Town. He managed Eccleshall during 2020.
Playing career
Wolverhampton Wanderers
Born in Wellington, Telford, Shropshire, Proudlock began his career as a trainee with Wolverhampton Wanderers in August 1998. He had a loan spell at Scottish side Clyde at the start of the 2000–01 season to gain first team experience. There, he scored a hat trick on his professional debut on 5 August 2000 against last seasons Scottish 1st Division champions Falkirk in a 3–1 win at Broadwood. He scored five times in six games for Clyde and was named Scottish Division One player of the month for August 2000. He was recalled by Wolves and offered a new contract until 2003. He became a regular starter for Wolves throughout that season, which he ended as their top goalscorer with 11 goals.
Proudlock found himself mostly relegated to the substitutes bench in the 2001–02 season after manager Dave Jones spent heavily in the close season on new attacking players. He scored a hat trick against Bradford City in October 2001, which earned praise from Jones, but these ended up his only goals of the season. A knee injury suffered in December 2001 that required surgery interrupted his season, a four-match suspension followed and having missed a lot of football, he joined Nottingham Forest on a one-month loan in March 2002.
Opportunities were limited at Molineux and Proudlock joined Tranmere on loan in October 2002 and Sheffield Wednesday on loan in December 2002, where he scored twice in five matches. He was recalled by Wolves in January 2003 and made a total of 22 appearances, almost all as substitute, for Wolves in the 2002–03 season as Wolves were promoted to the Premier League after beating Sheffield United in the Division One play-off final in May 2003. In total, he scored 17 goals for Wolves in 84 appearances.
Sheffield Wednesday
Proudlock joined Sheffield Wednesday on a three-year permanent deal in September 2003. He scored nine times during the 2003–04 season for his new club but suffered a broken leg in a training ground accident in November 2004, and did not play again in the 2004–05 season. He returned to the first team in the following season, but he joined Ipswich Town on a three-month loan in October 2005 after a one-week trial period./Proudlock then had his contract terminated by Sheffield Wednesday in September 2005 owing to a breach of discipline He had made 62 league and cup appearances for Sheffield Wednesday, scoring 17 goals.
Ipswich Town
Proudlock was given a short-term contract by Ipswich in January 2006 until the end of the 2005–06 season. However, he made only two further substitute appearances for Ipswich to add to the seven that he made while on loan. Proudlock was released from the Portman Road club at the end of the 2005–06 campaign.
Stockport County
Proudlock joined Stockport County on non-contract terms in August 2006. He agreed a permanent deal to the end of the 2007–08 season with Stockport in December 2006, and made 26 league and cup appearances for Stockport in the 2006–07 season, scoring six goals. The following season, he scored ten goals as Stockport reached and won the League Two play-off final at Wembley Stadium in May 2008. However, a week later he was released by the club as his contract expired,
Darlington
Following his release by County, Proudlock joined Darlington in July 2008 on a free transfer. However, he failed to score in any of his games for the club, and struggled to hold down a first team place. Proudlock was then made available for loan by his manager Dave Penney.
Grimsby Town
On 6 November 2008 Proudlock joined Grimsby Town on an initial two-month loan with a view to a permanent move.
He made his debut in the FA Cup defeat to Morecambe. He managed to score his first goal for the club in a 2–1 away defeat against Port Vale, and after impressing manager Mike Newell in his loan stay, Proudlock was reported to be a target for the club in the January transfer window. Adam made his move to Grimsby a permanent one by signing for the club until the end of the 2010–11 season in January 2009. His strike partnership with fellow newcomer Jean-Louis Akpa Akpro resulted in Adam scoring a hat-trick against local rivals Lincoln City in a 5–1 victory on 7 March 2009. Following the arrival of loan striker Barry Conlon, Proudlock found himself playing second fiddle to him and Akpa-Akpro in the remaining games of the season, but his goals and performances were a great help in helping the club eventually stave off relegation from the Football League. Adam finished the 2008–09 season as the club's top goalscorer, with a total of 8.
Following only 1 league goal for The Mariners during the 09/10 season, on 12 May 2010, Proudlock was one of seven players placed on the transfer list by Grimsby manager Neil Woods after their relegation from the Football League. Proudlock left the club on 22 June 2010.
AFC Telford United
In July 2010 Proudlock began training with Hungarian side Ferencváros before being offered the chance of playing for Non League side Bridgnorth Town as well as receiving an offer from Stafford Rangers but instead Adam chose to join Kidderminster Harriers on trial After failing to impress the Harriers management he joined Andy Sinton's A.F.C. Telford United on trial and played in the club's friendly against Chasetown. He subsequently signed a short-term contract with the Bucks. In his first season, he helped the club to promotion from the Conference North, but soon suffered an injury that sidelined him for the majority of the 2011–12 season. He rejected a fresh contract at Telford in June 2012 as it involved reduced terms and a pay as you play deal.
Non-League
On 14 June 2012 Proudlock joined Conference North side Chester but left the club in September after his contract was cancelled by mutual consent.
After his release from Chester he then joined Market Drayton Town on a game-by game deal in October 2012. In December 2012 Proudlock moved on loan to his home town side Newport Town of the West Midlands Division Two
In July 2013 Proudlock signed for Whitehawk on non-contract terms, making his debut in the club's friendly with Crawley Town. He however left the club in August 2013 having been snubbed a further deal.
In the summer of 2014, Proudlock returned to Newport Town, also signing as a youth team coach.
Coaching career
Proudlock coaches youngsters for both DoubleTouch coaching and with the youth setup at Newport Town.
On Tuesday 1 May 2018 Proudlock won his first trophy as a manager, the Shropshire Premier Cup as he led his Newport Town side to a 3–1 win over Haughmond, a team two divisions higher. In June 2020 Proudlock was appointed manager of Eccleshall F.C. He left the club at the end of October.
Controversies
In May 2019, Proudlock's former Grimsby Town teammate Paul Linwood appeared on the 'I Had Trials Once' podcast on Spotify, in the interview he spoke about his time at the club during the 2009–10 season. Linwood went on to explain that the team was full of alcoholics and spoke of instances where the drinking culture at the club got out of hand.
Speaking of Proudlock, Linwood said "You'd finish training, Adam Proudlock on the Whatsapp group would say 'lads, I'm just having a pint at the Laceby Arms', and the whole squad would be in there. 15 pints, easy. It was the only pub we could get away with it. It was in a tiny little village, and we were dead inconspicuous – we used to go in our kits! Even I turned round one day and said 'this has gone too far.' We'd had a Monday session – straight after training, we finished boozing about five that morning, and then we were in for training at nine the next day. Adam Proudlock and Peter Sweeney came to pick us up, and both were just the most unbelievable players who had just tossed it off at this point. Those two came to pick me up after a session, and we were drinking cans of Fosters on the way to training, which is out of order because I f***ing hate Fosters!"
Grimsby Town would go on to finish 23rd in League Two and were relegated from the Football League for the first time in their 122-year history.
Honours
As a player
Wolverhampton Wanderers
Football League Division One play-off winner: 2002–03
Sheffield Wednesday
Football League One play-off winner: 2004–05
Stockport County
Football League Two play-off winner: 2007–08
A.F.C. Telford United
Conference North play-off winner: 2010–11
As a manager
Newport Town
West Midlands League Division One: Runner-up 2017–18
Shropshire Premier Cup Winner: 2017–18
References
External links
1981 births
Living people
People from Wellington, Shropshire
English men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
Clyde F.C. players
Nottingham Forest F.C. players
Tranmere Rovers F.C. players
Sheffield Wednesday F.C. players
Ipswich Town F.C. players
Stockport County F.C. players
Darlington F.C. players
Grimsby Town F.C. players
AFC Telford United players
Chester F.C. players
Market Drayton Town F.C. players
Whitehawk F.C. players
English Football League players
Footballers from Shropshire |
35936448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kanarang%2C%20Iran | Kanarang, Iran | Kanarang (, also Romanized as Kanārang and Konār Nag) is a village in Qaen Rural District, in the Central District of Qaen County, South Khorasan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 107, in 31 families.
References
Populated places in Qaen County |
4313861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dharmachakra | Dharmachakra | The dharmachakra (Sanskrit: धर्मचक्र; Pali: dhammacakka) or wheel of dharma is a widespread symbol used in Indian religions, including Hinduism, Jainism, and Buddhism.
Historically, the dharmachakra was often used as a decoration in East Asian statues and inscriptions, beginning with the earliest period of East Asian culture to the present. It remains a major symbol of the Buddhist religion today.
Etymology
The Sanskrit noun dharma ( धर्म ) is a derivation from the root dhṛ 'to hold, maintain, keep', and means 'what is established or firm' and hence 'law'. It is derived from the Vedic Sanskrit n-stem dharman- with the meaning "bearer, supporter" in the historical Vedic religion conceived of as an aspect of Ṛta.
History and usage
Similar wheel/chakra symbols are one of the most ancient in all Indian history. Madhavan and Parpola note that a wheel symbol appears frequently in Indus Valley civilization artifacts, particularly on several seals. Notably, it is present in a sequence of ten signs on the Dholavira Signboard. As a solar symbol it first appears on clay seals of the Indus Valley Civilisation from 2500 BCE. Such a wheel is also the main attribute of Vishnu.
Some historians associate the ancient chakra symbols with solar symbolism. In the Vedas, the god Surya is associated with the solar disc, which is said to be a chariot of one wheel (cakra). Mitra, a form of Surya, is described as "the eye of the world", and thus the sun is conceived of as an eye (cakṣu) which illuminates and perceives the world. Thus, a wheel symbol might also be associated with light and knowledge.
Buddhist usage and significance
In Buddhism, the Dharma Chakra is widely used to represent the Buddha's Dharma (Buddha's teaching and the universal moral order), Gautama Buddha himself and the walking of the path to enlightenment, since the time of Early Buddhism. The symbol is also sometimes connected to the Four Noble Truths, the Noble Eightfold Path and Dependent Origination.
The pre-Buddhist dharmachakra (Pali: dhammacakka) is considered one of the ashtamangala (auspicious signs) in Hinduism and Buddhism and often used as a symbol of both faiths. It is one of the oldest known Indian symbols found in Indian art, appearing with the first surviving post-Indus Valley Civilisation Indian iconography in the time of the Buddhist king Ashoka.
The Buddha is said to have set the "wheel of dharma" in motion when he delivered his first sermon, which is described in the Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta. This "turning of the wheel" signifies a great and revolutionary change with universal consequences, brought about by an exceptional human being. Buddhism adopted the wheel as a symbol from the Indian mythical idea of the ideal king, called a chakravartin ("wheel-turner", or "universal monarch"), who was said to possess several mythical objects, including the ratana cakka (the ideal wheel). The Mahā Sudassana Sutta of the Digha Nikaya describes this wheel as having a nave (nābhi), a thousand spokes (sahassārāni) and a felly (nemi), all of which are perfect in every respect. Siddhartha Gautama was said to have been a "mahapurisa" (great man) who could have chosen to become a wheel turning king, but instead became the spiritual counterpart to such a king, a wheel turning sage, i.e. a Buddha.
In his explanation of the term "turning the wheel of Dharma", the Theravada exegete Buddhaghosa explains that this "wheel" which the Buddha turned is primarily to be understood as wisdom, knowledge, and insight (ñāṇa). This wisdom has two aspects, paṭivedha-ñāṇa, the wisdom of self-realisation of the Truth and desanā-ñāṇa, the wisdom of proclamation of the Truth. The dharmachakra symbol also points to the central Indian idea of "Dharma", a complex and multivalent term which refers to the eternal cosmic law, universal moral order and in Buddhism, the very teaching and path expounded by the Buddha.
In the Buddhist Art at early sites such as Bharhut and Sanchi, the dharmachakra was often used as a symbol of Gautama Buddha himself. The symbol is often paired with the triratna (triple jewel) or trishula (trident) symbolizing the triple gem, umbrellas (chatra), symbols of sovereignty and royal power, gems and garlands. It is also sometimes depicted alongside animals such as lions, or deer.
There are different designs of the Buddhist dharmachakra with 8, 12, 24 or more spokes. In different Buddhist traditions, the different number of spokes may represent different aspects of the Buddha's Dharma (teaching). In the Indo-Tibetan Buddhist tradition for example, the 8 spoked wheel represents the noble eightfold path, and the hub, rim and spokes are also said to represent the three trainings (sila, prajña and samadhi).
In Buddhism, the cyclical movement of a wheel is also used to symbolize the cyclical nature of life in the world (also referred to as the "wheel of samsara", samsara-chakra or the "wheel of becoming", bhava-cakra). This wheel of suffering can be reversed or "turned" through the practice of the Buddhist path. The Buddhist terms for "suffering" (dukkha) and happiness (sukha) may also originally be related to the proper or improper fitting of wheels on a chariot's axle. The Indo-Tibetan tradition has developed elaborate depictions called Bhavacakras which depict the many realms of rebirth in Buddhist cosmology.
The spokes of a wheel are also often used as symbols of the Buddhist doctrine of dependent origination. According to the Theravada scholar Buddhaghosa:“It is the beginningless round of rebirths that is called the ’Wheel of the round of rebirths’ (saṃsāracakka). Ignorance (avijjā) is its hub (or nave) because it is its root. Ageing-and-death (jarā-maraṇa) is its rim (or felly) because it terminates it. The remaining ten links [of Dependent Origination] are its spokes [i.e. saṅkhāra up to the process of becoming, bhava].” The earliest Indian monument featuring dharmachakras are the Ashokan Pillars, such as the lion pillar at Sanchi, built at the behest of the Mauryan emperor Ashoka. According to Benjamin Rowland: ”The Sārnāth column may be interpreted, therefore, not only as a glorification of the Buddha’s preaching symbolised by the crowning wheel, but also through the cosmological implications of the whole pillar as a symbol of the universal extension of the power of the Buddha’s Law as typified by the sun that dominates all space and all time, and simultaneously an emblem of the universal extension of Mauryan imperialism through the Dharma. The whole structure is then a translation of age-old Indian and Asiatic cosmology into artistic terms of essentially foreign origin and dedicated, like all Asoka’s monuments, to the glory of Buddhism and the royal house.”According to Harrison, the symbolism of "the wheel of the law" and the order of Nature is also visible in the Tibetan prayer wheels. The moving wheels symbolize the movement of cosmic order (ṛta).
Jain, Hindu and modern Indian usages
The dharmachakra is a symbol in the sramana religion of Jainism, sometimes on statues of the Tirthankaras.
The idea of a great king being associated with turning the "Wheel of Dharma" is something which is shared by Buddhism and Hinduism. In the Vishnu Purana and Bhagavata Purana, two kings named Jadabharata of the Hindu solar and lunar dynasties respectively are referred to as "chakravartins" (wheel turning kings).
Wheel symbolism was widely used in Indian temples, especially in temples to Surya, the sun god, the most famous of which is the Konark Sun Temple.
In the Bhagavad Gita, verses 14, 15 and 16, of Chapter 3 speaks about the revolving wheel thus: "From food, the beings are born; from rain, food is produced; rain proceeds from sacrifice (yagnya); yagnya arises out of action; know that from Brahma, action proceeds; Brahma is born of Brahman, the eternal Paramatman. The one who does not follow the wheel thus revolving, leads a sinful, vain life, rejoicing in the senses."
The 24 spoke Ashoka dharmachakra is present in the modern flag of India, representing the pan-Indian concept of Dharma. The modern State Emblem of India is a depiction of the Lion Capital of Ashoka (Sanchi), which includes the dharmachakra. An integral part of the emblem is the motto inscribed in Devanagari script: Satyameva Jayate (). This is a quote from the Mundaka Upanishad, the concluding part of the Vedas.
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, the first Vice President of India, stated that the Ashoka Chakra of India represents the "wheel of the law of dharma", as well as "Truth or satya", "Virtue" as well as "motion", as in the "dynamism of a peaceful change".
Other uses and similar symbols
The main attribute of Vishnu is a wheel like weapon called the .
Similar wheel symbols were used as a solar symbol by the Ancient Egyptians.
Some Buddha statues also depict the related Dharmachakra Mudrā, a hand sign depicting the turning of the Dharma wheel.
A very similar wheel symbol also appears in the flag of the Romani people, hinting to their nomadic history.
In non-Buddhist cultural contexts, an eight-spoked wheel resembles a traditional ship's wheel. As a nautical emblem, this image is a common sailor tattoo, which may be misidentified as a dharmachakra or vice versa.
The sonnenrad is a similar symbol used by occultists and neo-nazis.
Falun Gong uses the concept of a similar wheel as a central concept
In the Unicode computer standard, the dharmachakra is called the "Wheel of Dharma" and found in the eight-spoked form. It is represented as U+2638 (☸). As emoji: ☸️.
Gallery
Historical and archeological examples
Contemporary examples
National flags and official symbolism
Notes
References
Sources
Further reading
External links
Buddhist Wheel Symbol (Dharmachakra)
Buddhist symbols
Tibetan Buddhist practices
Indian culture |
46388708 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2015%20Mid%20Sussex%20District%20Council%20election | 2015 Mid Sussex District Council election | The 2015 Mid Sussex District Council election took place on 7 May 2015 to elect members of the Mid Sussex District Council in England. It was held on the same day as other local elections.
References
Mid Sussex
May 2015 events in the United Kingdom
2015
2010s in West Sussex |
7028769 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia%20State%20Route%2041 | Virginia State Route 41 | State Route 41 (SR 41) is a primary state highway in the U.S. state of Virginia. Known as Franklin Turnpike, the state highway runs from SR 360 northeast of Danville to SR 57 in Callands. The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) officially designates the route north of U.S. Route 29 Business (US 29 Bus.) in Danville as a part of SR 41 but the Franklin Turnpike south and east of this point is signed as SR 41.
Route description
SR 41 begins at a stop-controlled T-intersection with SR 360 (Old Richmond Road) in an unincorporated area of Pittsylvania County. The route starts as a four-lane divided highway and within of its southern terminus, it has an interchange with the US 29 freeway. After the interchange, SR 41 crosses over Falls Creek and a railroad on a , curved bridge. While traveling over the bridge, the route enters the city limits of Danville. The route has only a few driveways and one road intersection before its intersection with SR 293 (Main Street). The highway then heads northwest through a more residential neighborhood and intersects US 29 Bus. (Piney Forest Road) before leaving the independent city and reentering Pittsylvania County. SR 41 passes through the unincorporated communities of Mount Hermon and Pleasant Gap, where the highway crosses White Oak Mountain. The state highway curves west then veers north at Swansonville. SR 41 reaches its northern terminus at SR 57 (Callands Road) in Callands. The state highway follows the height of land north of the watershed of the Sandy River, which empties into the Dan River in Danville. To the north of SR 41 are the watersheds of Little Falls Creek east of White Oak Mountain and the Bannister River west of the mountain; these streams empty into the Dan River at Danville and near South Boston, respectively.
History
Prior to 1949, the route continued north past VA 57 down what is now SR 969 Sago Road/Danville Turnpike into Franklin County, where it met up with what is now SR 890 Snow Creek Road, then VA 108. This might explain why VA 40 east of Rocky Mount in Franklin County is named "Old Franklin Turnpike" while VA 41 is named Franklin Turnpike.
The route was truncated to its present northern terminus at SR 57 in 1949 due to low traffic counts. In August 1962, the Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB) approved a motion to drop the segment of SR 41 between North Main Street (US 29) and Piney Forest Road (what was then Alt. US 29) at the same time major highways were constructed throughout downtown Danville. Despite this truncation, the route continued to be signed to North Main Street.
In 2001, the Franklin Turnpike Extension was approved by the CTB to be constructed. Initially, the new road was designated SR 265. The portion of the extension from the US 29 interchange to SR 360 had already been completed when construction on the remainder of the extension began. The project (later renamed to East Franklin Turnpike and renumbered to be a part of SR 41) was completed in late 2011 at a cost of .
Major intersections
References
External links
Virginia Highways Project: VA 41
041
State Route 041
State Route 041 |
2383181 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20governors%20of%20Tamil%20Nadu | List of governors of Tamil Nadu | The governor of Tamil Nadu is the head of state of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Governors in India have similar powers and functions at the state level as those of the president of India at the central level. They exist in the state appointed by the president of India for a term of five years and they are not local to the state that they are appointed to govern. The factors based on which the president evaluates the candidates is not mentioned in the constitution. The governor acts as the nominal head whereas the real power lies with the chief minister of the state and their council of ministers.
The current incumbent is R. N. Ravi, who has served since 18 September 2021.
Powers and functions
The governor enjoys many different types of powers:
Executive powers related to administration, appointments and removals,
Legislative powers related to lawmaking and the state legislature, that is Vidhan Sabha or Vidhan Parishad, and
Discretionary powers to be carried out according to the discretion of the Governor.
Governors
Madras Presidency and Madras State
Headquartered in Fort St. George, Madras Presidency was a province of British India. It comprised present-day Tamil Nadu, the Malabar region of North Kerala, the coastal and Rayalaseema regions of Andhra Pradesh, and the Bellary, Dakshina Kannada, and Udupi districts of Karnataka. It was established in 1653 to be the headquarters of the English settlements on the Coromandel Coast. After India's independence in 1947, Madras State, the precursor to the present day state of Tamil Nadu, was carved out of Madras Presidency. It comprised present-day Tamil Nadu and parts of present-day Karnataka and Kerala.
Tabular
Graphical
Tamil Nadu
Madras State was renamed as Tamil Nadu (Tamil for Tamil country) on 14 January 1969. Governors have similar powers and functions at the state level as that of the President of India at the Central government level. The Governor acts as the nominal head of the state while the Chief Ministers of the states and the Chief Minister's Council of Ministers are invested with most executive powers.
Graphical
Records
Surjit Singh Barnala is the only appointed Governor to have served two terms in office (24 May 1990–15 February 1991 and 3 November 2004–31 August 2011).
The longest term in office was that of Surjit Singh Barnala who served as the Governor for a period of almost six and a half years (3 November 2004–31 August 2011).
The shortest term in office was that of M. M. Ismail who served as the acting Governor for a period of nine days (27 October 1980–4 November 1980).
The longest term in office as additional in-charge was that of C. Vidyasagar Rao for a period of 1 year 1 month and 4 days (2 September 2016– 6 October 2017).
See also
Governors of India
History of Tamil Nadu
List of chief ministers of Tamil Nadu
List of colonial governors and presidents of Madras Presidency
Notes
References
External links
Official website of the Governor of Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Governors |
14833025 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20presidents%20of%20the%20American%20Statistical%20Association | List of presidents of the American Statistical Association | The president of the American Statistical Association is the head of the American Statistical Association (ASA). According to the association's bylaws, the president is an officer, and a member of the board of directors and of the executive committee. Elections for the position are held annually, in which all full members are eligible to vote. The term in office is typically three years, as president-elect and past president are also official positions.
List of presidents
19th century
20th century
21st century
References
External links
Bylaws and constitution
ASA Presidential Papers
American Statistical Association
American Statistical Association
Statistics-related lists |
175939 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Knott | Walter Knott | Walter Marvin Knott (December 11, 1889 – December 3, 1981) was an American farmer who founded the Knott's Berry Farm amusement park in California, introduced the Boysenberry, and made Knott's Berry Farm boysenberry preserves.
Early life
On December 11, 1889, Knott was born in San Bernardino, California. Knott's father was Elgin Charles Knott, a reverend originally from Tennessee. Knott's mother was Margaret Virginia Daugherty. Knott grew up in Pomona, California.
Career
In the 1920s, Knott was a somewhat unsuccessful farmer whose fortunes changed when he nursed several abandoned berry plants back to health. The hybrid boysenberry, named after its creator, Rudolph Boysen, was a cross between a blackberry, red raspberry and loganberry. The huge berries were a hit, and the Knott family sold berries, preserves and pies from a Buena Park, California roadside stand. In 1934, Knott's wife Cordelia (née Hornaday, January 23, 1890 – April 12, 1974) began serving fried chicken dinners, and within a few years, lines outside the restaurant were often several hours long.
To entertain the waiting crowds, Walter built a Ghost Town in 1940, using buildings relocated from Old West towns. In 1940 Walter sent his son Russel to Twentynine Palms, California. Russel was helped by a local resident Daniel F. Leahy who took Russel to the Old Calico Ghost Town in the hills from Barstow, California. "Very soon after this visit Walter purchased a number of Calico's buildings. They were carefully disassembled, trucked, and reassembled in Buena Park." (see pages 160–161 in For Those Who Served by Michael H. Pazeian). Even after Disneyland opened in 1955 only away, Knott's Berry Farm continued to thrive. Walt Disney and Walter Knott are rumored to have had a cordial relationship; it is known that they each visited the other's park, and they were both members of the original planning council for Children's Hospital of Orange County. Early additions to the farm included the Ghost Town & Calico Railroad, a narrow gauge railroad in the Ghost Town area, a San Francisco cable car, a Pan-for-Gold attraction, the Calico Mine Train dark ride and the Timber Mountain Log Ride log flume ride. In 1968, the Knott family fenced the farm, charged admission for the first time, and Knott's Berry Farm officially became an amusement park.
Because of his interest in American pioneer history, Knott purchased and restored the real silver mining ghost town of Calico, California in 1951. As a child, Walter spent a lot of time in Calico living with his uncle. During World War I he helped to build a silver mill in Calico. This period in his life influenced his decision to buy the town and restore it. In 1966, he deeded Calico to San Bernardino County, California.
Walter remained active in the operation of Knott's Berry Farm until the death of Cordelia in 1974, at which point he turned his attention toward political causes, leaving day-to-day park operations to his children. He supported conservative Republican causes. He was also a member of the John Birch Society and sponsored its Orange County chapter.
Although Knott was a struggling farmer and businessman during the 1920s and the 1930s Great Depression, he sternly believed in rugged individualism, that anyone could be successful through hard work, and any form of government intervention was wrong. Some say this 'Old West' theme of his amusement park was a romantic and one-sided reflection of his beliefs. Knott was active in a variety of conservative causes, including founding the California Free Enterprise Assistance and endowed various private schools and colleges. Knott ultimately developed a friendship with Ronald Reagan.
Knott appeared on the December 23, 1954, episode of You Bet Your Life, hosted by Groucho Marx.
The Knott family no longer owns the theme park; it was sold to the Cedar Fair Entertainment Company. Additionally, The J.M. Smucker Co. now owns the "Knott's Berry Farm" brand of jam and jelly (purchased from ConAgra Foods in 2008).
Personal life
Knott's wife was Cordelia Knott. They had four children, Virginia, Russell, Rachel, and Marion. On April 12, 1974, Knott's wife died in Buena Park, California.
On December 3, 1981, just 8 days shy of his 92nd birthday, Knott died from Parkinson's disease in his home in Buena Park, California. He was 91 years old. Knott is buried at Loma Vista Memorial Park in Fullerton, California.
References
External links
Official Knott's Berry Farm Site
Official Knott's Halloween Haunt Site
Knott's Berry Farm at britannica.com
Amusement park developers
Farmers from California
1889 births
1981 deaths
Knott's Berry Farm
People from Buena Park, California
People from San Bernardino, California
John Birch Society members
California Republicans
People from Pomona, California |
40777447 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snuff%20%28country%20rock%20band%29 | Snuff (country rock band) | Snuff were an American country rock band based in Southern Virginia and active during the 1970s and early 1980s. They released a pair of albums and scored a minor hit on the pop charts with "Bad, Bad Billy" in 1983.
Career
Snuff initially formed in the 1970s and began as an acoustic trio featuring guitarist James Gray "Jimbo" Bowling, guitarist Bill Wampler, and vocalist Mike Jones. However, the group gradually incorporated more of an electric sound into their repertoire, and by the 1980s, they had evolved into a six-member outfit, including Bowling, guitarist Robbie House, lead vocalist/acoustic guitarist Chuck "Coyote" Larson, bassist C. Scott Trabue, violinist Cecil Hooker, and drummer/percussionist Michael A. Johnson.
The group released their eponymous debut album in 1982. Featuring a country sound infused with elements of rock, Snuff featured a minor country hit, "(So This is) Happy Hour," which peaked at number 71 on the Country music charts.
The following year, the band released their follow-up album, an EP titled NightFighter. This release featured six tracks, including what would become the band's biggest hit, "Bad, Bad Billy." This song would be the group's only ever song to crack the Billboard Hot 100, peaking as high as No. 88 in August 1983. Penned by House, Larson, and Bowling, "Bad, Bad Billy" was also the only original tune on the EP, as the remaining tracks were covers of country and rockabilly songs. Another track from NightFighter, "United or Divided" was later featured in the 1985 film Tomboy.
The group was popular in the Virginia area, as well as Washington, DC into the early 1980s. Later in the decade, Robbie House left the group to form the band Street Talk, and he was replaced by guitarist Norman Harrell. However, they could not duplicate the success they achieved with "Bad, Bad Billy," and the group faded from public view.
Currently
Larson and House, who had originally comprised the duo Coyote and Robbie prior to joining Snuff, join regularly with Norman Harrell and other musicians to perform under the Snuff moniker.
In early September 2013, Larson, House, and Harrell reunited with Cecil Hooker and Michael Johnson from the classic Snuff lineup to perform at Hampton, Virginia's annual Bay Days festival.
Band members
Classic lineup
James Gray "Jimbo" Bowling - Six-string acoustic and electric guitars, vocals (now deceased)
Robbie House - Acoustic and electric guitars, vocals
Cecil Hooker - Violins (4- and 5-string)
C. Scott Trabue - Bass guitar
Michael A. Johnson - Drums, percussion, vocals
Chuck “Coyote” Larson- Acoustic guitar, banjo, Lead Vocals
Later member
Norman Harrell - Guitars, bass, Drums, vocals (replaced Robbie House; also played with the band prior to the "Classic lineup" days)
Earlier members
Mike Jones - Vocals
Bill Wampler - Guitars, vocals
Discography
Albums
1982: Snuff (Elektra)
1983: NightFighter (E.P.) (Curb Records)
Singles
1982: "Boys in Oklahoma"
1982: "When Jokers Are Wild"
1982: "(So This is) Happy Hour"
1983: "Bad, Bad Billy"
1985: "United or Divided"
References
American country music groups
American country rock groups |
23883376 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shinto%20in%20popular%20culture | Shinto in popular culture | Shinto is frequently a theme in Japanese popular culture, including film, manga, anime, and video games. Shinto religion is at the core of Japanese culture and history and as such greatly affects the outcome of pop culture in modern Japan.
Some works in Japanese or international popular culture borrow significantly from Shinto myths, deities, and beliefs. Aside from the many games, movies, manga and other cultural products that mention the religion or the names of its deities, some anime, film, video games, or other works feature Shinto elements as central elements.
Shinto itself features in popular culture as folk Shinto or Minkan Shinto.
Anime and manga
Shinto motifs and themes such as kami (gods or spirits) and yokai (ghosts or demons) are particularly present in anime and manga.
In Dream Saga, the Earth is destroyed and recreated whenever humans have polluted it. This is done when Susanoo, the Shinto god of the sea and storms, (the brother to Amaterasu) consumes Amaterasu, the sun goddess. The two main characters, Yuuki and Takaomi, are given key roles in the process.
Film
Some Japanese films feature themes from Shinto religion or characters based on kami. This is especially the case in animated films, such as Hayao Miyazaki's Princess Mononoke or Spirited Away, but can also be seen in other films.
The Three Treasures (1959) features several gods, including Amaterasu, Izanagi and others as characters.
In the Stargate series, Amaterasu is a Goa'uld System Lord who comes to Earth with Lord Yu and Camulus to form a temporary truce between Earth and the Goa'uld.
In Little Prince and the Eight-Headed Dragon Susanoo wishes to follow his mother, Izanami, to heaven when she dies, but his father, Izanagi, tells him he cannot.
Video games
Video games may relate to themes or characters from Shinto, as well as Buddhism, Christianity, and other religions. Such games may present a heterodox or alternative take on religion, or even parody traditional practice or belief. In addition to Shinto stories or kami, themes such as the sacredness of nature or the place of magic in everyday life are also visible in such games.
In the 2006 video game Ōkami, Amaterasu is depicted as a white wolf and she is the main protagonist of the game. As in the traditional Shinto, Amaterasu is the goddess of the sun, but in the game she controls many other powers as well by painting things. This depiction of Amaterasu is also a playable character in Marvel vs. Capcom 3: Fate of Two Worlds and Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3.
In 2016, Amaterasu, Raijin, Susano, Izanami, in 2017, Hachiman, and in 2020, Tsukuyomi, were included as playable characters in the multiplayer online battle arena video game Smite.
In the 2022 game Overwatch 2, a new support hero, Kiriko, was introduced into the game at release. Her overall design and abilities are heavily influenced by spiritual objects based on Shintoism. Her attire is based on the attire worn by Shinto shrine maidens and her overall design incorporates allusions to Kitsune. Her abilities are also heavily influenced by spiritual objects associated with Shintoism, such as ofuda and suzu. Later in February 2023, a skin for her based on Amaterasu, the goddess of sun in Shinto, was added into the game in the battle pass.
Theatrical plays
Yamata Amasung Keibu Keioiba () is a Meitei language play that interweaves the stories of the two legendary creatures, Yamata-no-Orochi slain by Susanoo for saving Kushinada of Shinto (Japanese folklore) and Keibu Keioiba of Meitei folklore (Manipuri folklore). In the play, the role of Yamata-no-Orochi was played by Maisnam Momocha, the role of Susanoo by Romario Thoudam Paona and the role of Kushinada by Roslin Akoijam Chanu.
Other works of popular culture
Shinto stories or kami also appear in other works of popular culture, including work set in Japan but produced outside of the country.
The Shinto deities Izanami and Izanagi (the latter incorrectly spelled as "Izaghi") appear in Puccini's opera Madama Butterfly.
The Shinto deities Izanami and Izanagi (spelled "Izanaki") appear in Natsuo Kirino's The Goddess Chronicle.
In the novel, Giles Goat-Boy, author John Barth makes reference to the people of Japan as the "Amaterasu," who were EATEN by WESCAC (a reference to the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki) during the "Second Campus Riot" (World War II).
Izanagi and Izanami appear as minor supporting characters in the Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles Adventures comic book series, aiding the Turtles and their allies in battle against a powerful demon whose emergence from a damaged nuclear reactor threatens the safety of all Japan.
Several kami, including Susano-o-no-mikoto, Izanami, and Tsukuyomi, appear as supporting characters in the Vertigo Comics series Sandman and its spinoff Lucifer.
References |
36134336 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleasant%20Hill%2C%20Miller%20County%2C%20Arkansas | Pleasant Hill, Miller County, Arkansas | Pleasant Hill is an unincorporated community in Miller County, Arkansas, United States. Pleasant Hill is located near the Texas state line, south of Texarkana.
References
Unincorporated communities in Miller County, Arkansas
Unincorporated communities in Arkansas |
18421892 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guangdong%20Experimental%20High%20School | Guangdong Experimental High School | Guangdong Experimental High School () is a Public High School in Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, People's Republic of China. It is regarded as one of the six best high schools in the city, and it is one of the two high schools directly administered by the Department of Education of Guangdong Province (along with the Affiliated High School of South China Normal University).
The school is commonly known as SS, an abbreviation of Sheng Shi or Sang Sat,() by parents and students in Guangzhou. It means 'Provincial Experimental (school)', which abbreviates Guangdong Experimental High School.
If unspecified, Guangdong Experimental High School refers to the senior high campus in Fangcun.
History
The history of the school has always been a controversial topic as it involves many schools in the city after a series of mergers and splits. Strictly speaking, the current school established in 1960, however, the origin of the school can be traced back to 'Guǎngdōng Gézhì Xuétáng'() in 1888. Because many reforms were made as the school developed, there are different stories regarding this topic. Some argue that the establishing date of the school should be in 1924. It is backed up by the story that the school selected the year to commemorate Sun Yat-sen.
In 1888, Dr. Andrew Patton Happer established the Christian College in Shaji, Guangzhou, known as '广东格致学堂' in Chinese. It was then reformed into National Higher Normal College, known as '两广优级师范学堂' in Chinese, in 1910 to train teachers within Guangdong and Guangxi Provinces.
In 1924, the college merged into National Kwangtung University, which later became the Sun Yat-sen University in 1926, as its affiliated high school and primary school.
Due to the disciplinary adjustment to Chinese Higher Education, four high schools merged into the Affiliated School of South China Normal University in 1952:
the Affiliated School of Sun Yat-Sen University
the Affiliated High School of Lingnan University
the Affiliated High School of South China Associated University
the Affiliated High School of Guangdong College of Arts & Science.
In 1960, the school was split into a high school and a primary school. The high school later became the current Affiliated High School of South China Normal University, whereas the primary school had then reformed into the current school.
Guangdong Experimental High School was renamed to the No.60 Middle School of Guangzhou for a decade during Cultural Revolution. After that, it formalised its name as Guangdong Experimental High School in 1987.
In 2008, The current senior management team of the school decided to use 1888 as the official establishing date of the school and celebrated the school's 120th anniversary. This flawed decision, is now widely accepted by the public.
Present day
The school now has four campuses. The main campus, senior high campus, locates at Kengkou, Liwan District, Guangzhou. It is also known as the 'New Campus' or 'Fangcun Campus' to students as it was constructed in 2004 and the location was in the previous Fangcun District, which was withdrawn and merged to Liwan District in 2005.
The old campus, also known as 'Zhongsi Campus', then became the junior high campus, since three upper grades moved to the new campus. It is located at No.4 Zhongshan Rd in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou. 'Zhongsi Campus' was the only campus before the school expanded at the beginning of the 21st century. It represents the history and development of the school since 1960.
Other campuses are as follows;
Tianhe Campus, locates at Yuangang, Tianhe District, Guangzhou.
Shunde Campus was established in 2008 in Shunde, Foshan.
Nanhai Campus was established on 19 April 2009 in Nanhai, Foshan.
Generally, these three campuses are not accepted as part of the school. Although they are administered by the same senior management team and have links with SS's main campus, they are highly independent and completely privately funded. They are more commonly known as the affiliated Schools of SS, and are generally excluded by students and parents when regarding to school.
Senior High
Admissions
Guangdong Experimental High School selects students by their academic abilities, primarily by students' results in 'Zhongkao' (the Senior High School Entrance Examination). Guangdong Experimental School has always maintained a fairly high entrance requirement to ensure the limited places are offered to students who meet the academic standard.
Similar to most of the other high schools that have experienced an expansion in the 21st century, the school now has the capability to offer additional places to students who missed the set requirements. However, a relatively lower score is still required and an additional tuition fee will be charged.
The school also encourages students to have talents besides academics, primarily in sports and performing arts, to apply. A different application process is offered, where good academic results are not required. This policy has attracted many student athletes, singers and dancers, and it proves to be a successful measure in boosting the school's competitiveness outside academic areas.
Campus
Senior high campus is a boarding campus accommodating about 3000 students. The first group of students moved in from the old campus in 2004, when the construction was completed. (Although there were still minor ongoing constructions taking place at the time and some facilities were yet to be installed.) Later in 2005, the whole senior high department, including the senior management team, had moved over to the new campus. Student number has increased rapidly since the expansion in 2004. The new campus allows the school to offer more than 1000 places each year to new junior graduates. All the facilities were put in 2005.
The campus consists of teaching buildings, the dormitories, a playground and a restaurant. The three gradesare taught in three separate buildings with 20 classrooms in each. There is a laboratory building behind the three main teaching buildings equipped with facilities for Physics, Chemistry, Biology and Technology experiments.
The library, study rooms, computer rooms and a large lecture room are located in the centre building of the area, with a small outdoor stage at the back. The administration building, with meeting rooms for conferences and offices of the principals, is located in the front between the two teaching buildings. All buildings are internally connected, and the architecture is modern.
The students are arranged to live in the two dormitories by gender, and six students share a room. Each of the building have 6 floors and 35 rooms to accommodate about 95% of the students. All rooms are en suite and equipped with air conditioning, lockers and cupboards. There is also a staff dormitory next to the student ones.
The school provides sporting facilities. There is a gym primarily for badminton, table tennis and eight outdoor basketball courts and a standard 400m track with a football pitch in the middle. There is also a standard 50m swimming pool and a gym next to it. The sports centre is sometimes used as a stage for performances, ceremonies and formal presentations.
Academics
Guangdong Experimental High School is known for the student's academic performances, especially their performance in Gaokao (the National Higher Education Entrance Examination).
Over the last decade, 36 students nailed the first place in the province, in both overall score and single subjects. In 2009, Guangdong Experimental High School graduates took up 21 places in the top 200 in the province, including 7 first places in different subjects. 40% of the top scorers (above 680*) in the city are from Experimental High School, 20% for score over 650 and 10% for over 600.
Extracurricular activities
The school offers a vast range of extracurricular activities to the students.
Choir
Guangdong Experimental High School Choir, founded in 1952, has participated in many national and international chorus competitions and won. It is believed to be one of the best vocal groups in China. Being a choir that was made up of no professionals but only high school students, it has won nine consecutive champions in the Interscholastic Chorus Competitions. Recent awards were received from festivals held in Australia, Austria, Japan, Korea and Germany. In 2004 the choir won the top prize in vocal and choir competitions in the first National Interscholastic Arts Show and was selected as the best programme in the Awards Evening in the People's Congress Hall.
Sports
Badminton is the most traditional and the strongest sport of the school.
The popularity of basketball has had a dramatic growth in high schools in recent years, with students' participation rapidly increasing. The new campus offers facilities, including eight outdoor full courts and an indoor court for the students and staff. Court 1 - 2, 3 - 4, 5 - 6 are shared between senior 1 - 3. Court 7 is the training court for the school team. Court 8 is for the staff.
The school runs a basketball team, which plays in the Nike High School League as well as local competitions. The school team squad train up to 4 days a week during term-time. Tryouts are normally held in the second semester every year for Senior 1 students for the coming season. However, extraordinary players may be recruited anytime in the year.
Notable alumni
SS has thousands of notable alumni all over the world, including four fellows of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, three fellows of the Chinese Academy of Engineering.
Deng Ximing – (CAS)
Huang Yaoxiang – (CAE)
Fan Haifu – (CAS)
Cai Ruixian – (CAS)
Jiang Boju – (CAS)
Cen Kefa – (CAE)
Zhong Nanshan – (CAE)
American Campus Fraud
In September 2011, several major medias reported that a new campus of SS in Los Angeles, CA, United States was established, which made SS the first Chinese high school to have a campus in the United States of America. However, this was soon discovered to be a fraud, and the said collaboration between SS and the US Academy was never formed in any ways. A few weeks later, the school made a formal apology to the public, the alumni in America in particular.
References
External links
Guangdong Experimental High School official website
Educational institutions established in 1888
High schools in Guangdong
Senior secondary schools in China
1888 establishments in China |
41229894 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanzeel%20Merchant | Tanzeel Merchant | Tanzeel Merchant is a Toronto-based leader, urban designer, architect, planner and writer.
Merchant is currently the Director of the Emergency Health Services Branch at the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care in Ontario. The branch oversees air and land ambulance services and paramedic certification and standards across Ontario.
From 2014 to 2017 Merchant held the role of Director of Partnerships and Consultations at the Ontario Growth Secretariat. In that role, his branch supported the review of the Growth Plan for the Greater Golden Horseshoe and plans for the Greenbelt. Prior to that he was the first and founding Executive Director of the Ryerson City Building Institute at Ryerson University in Toronto. Established in 2012, the Institute was created to focus on research, teaching, engagement and communication on issues relevant to city regions nationally and globally.
Since the early 2000s Merchant has played some key roles in developing and shaping Ontario’s award-winning growth management framework and urban planning policies and projects. For a two year period, he was also invited to work in Alberta by the Regional Municipality of Wood Buffalo, the Government of Alberta, and the energy industry in the rapidly growing Athabasca Oil Sands region. During his time there he led the development of a growth management, infrastructure and development plan for the region.
On 1 July 2014, Merchant was featured in the Toronto Star's Canada Day edition of 24 Canadians whose ideas will shape the future. The Star introduced his feature as "Toronto planner doing oil patch work sees need to reconcile the many directions we’re headed — such as oil dependence, an aging rural Canada — to ensure we become the advanced, mobile, tolerant society of our dreams." In the article, he discusses his views on evolving identities, Canada's relationship with the oil sands and the challenges that an ageing nation faces.
On 5 December 2014, excerpts of Merchant's interview from the Possible Canadas project were published in The Globe and Mail. The "Possible Canadas is a project created by Reos Partners, the J.W. McConnell Family Foundation and a diverse coalition of philanthropic and community organizations.".
Merchant has also been interviewed twice by the CBC's Matt Galloway on the Metro Morning radio show. In the first interview on 10 November 2014, he talked about what city building means and the role the Ryerson City Building Institute, that he heads, will play in addressing that mandate. In the second interview on 6 February 2015, he discussed what losing the long-form national census means for urban planning.
Merchant is a regular contributor to Forbes Magazine's Indian edition. on matters of the economy and policy. He has also written intermittently on design, such as his first-hand narrative on his involvement in the Regent Park redevelopment project. The Regent Park Revitalization Plan went on to win the Canadian Institute of Planners' Award of Excellence in 2003.
He is also a founder and former board member of the Pan Am Path, an urban project to create a multi-use path that connects Toronto’s trails and creates an active-living legacy for the 2015 Pan Am/2015 Parapan American Games. In 2012, Merchant was named one of 28 DiverseCity Fellows in the Greater Toronto Area. He also serves as an advisor to the Metcalf Foundation's Enabling Solutions program and sits on the advisory council of ProudPolitics. Merchant served on the board of the Canadian Urban Institute from 2014 to 2015. From 2006 to 2014, Merchant served on the board of Heritage Toronto and also chaired the organisation's Awards Committee.
Merchant has lived in Mumbai, Ahmedabad, New Delhi, and Delft before choosing to study and live in Toronto.
References
Living people
Canadian urban planners
Canadian architects
Urban designers
People from Toronto
Indian emigrants to Canada
Canadian civil servants
Year of birth missing (living people) |
64756030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graph%20Theory%2C%201736%E2%80%931936 | Graph Theory, 1736–1936 | Graph Theory, 1736–1936 is a book in the history of mathematics on graph theory. It focuses on the foundational documents of the field, beginning with the 1736 paper of Leonhard Euler on the Seven Bridges of Königsberg and ending with the first textbook on the subject, published in 1936 by Dénes Kőnig. Graph Theory, 1736–1936 was edited by Norman L. Biggs, E. Keith Lloyd, and Robin J. Wilson, and published in 1976 by the Clarendon Press. The Oxford University Press published a paperback second edition in 1986, with a corrected reprint in 1998.
Topics
Graph Theory, 1736–1936 contains copies, extracts, and translations of 37 original sources in graph theory, grouped into ten chapters and punctuated by commentary on their meaning and context. It begins with Euler's 1736 paper "Solutio problematis ad geometriam situs pertinentis" on the seven bridges of Königsberg (both in the original Latin and in English translation) and ending with Dénes Kőnig's book Theorie der endlichen und unendlichen Graphen. The source material touches on recreational mathematics, chemical graph theory, the analysis of electrical circuits, and applications of graph theory in abstract algebra. Also included are background material and portraits on the mathematicians who originally developed this material.
The chapters of the book organize the material into topics within graph theory, rather than being strictly chronological. The first chapter, on paths, includes maze-solving algorithms as well as Euler's work on Euler tours. Next, a chapter on circuits includes material on knight's tours in chess (a topic that long predates Euler), Hamiltonian cycles, and the work of Thomas Kirkman on polyhedral graphs. Next follow chapters on spanning trees and Cayley's formula, chemical graph theory and graph enumeration, and planar graphs, Kuratowski's theorem, and Euler's polyhedral formula. There are three chapters on the four color theorem and graph coloring, a chapter on algebraic graph theory, and a final chapter on graph factorization. Appendices provide a brief update on graph history since 1936, biographies of the authors of the works included in the book, and a comprehensive bibliography.
Audience and reception
Reviewer Ján Plesník names the book the first ever published on the history of graph theory, and although Hazel Perfect notes that parts of it can be difficult to read, Plesník states that it can also be used as "a self-contained introduction" to the field, and Edward Maziarz suggests its use as a textbook for graph theory courses. Perfect calls the book "fascinating ... full of information", thoroughly researched and carefully written, and Maziarz finds inspiring the ways in which it describes serious mathematics as arising from frivolous starting points. Fernando Q. Gouvêa calls it a "must-have" for anyone interested in graph theory, and Philip Peak also recommends it to anyone interested more generally in the history of mathematics.
References
Graph theory
Books about the history of mathematics
1976 non-fiction books |
54289189 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutinda | Mutinda | Mutinda is a Kenyan surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Daniel Musyoka Mutinda, member of the National Assembly of Kenya
David Mutinda Mutua (born 1992), Kenyan middle-distance runner
Julius Mutinda (born 1956), Kenyan field hockey player
Surnames of Kenyan origin |
12178586 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charterhouse%20of%20the%20Transfiguration | Charterhouse of the Transfiguration | The Charterhouse of the Transfiguration is the only Carthusian monastery in the United States, located on Mt. Equinox, in Sandgate, Vermont. It was founded in 1960 under the initiative of Fr. Thomas Verner Moore and completed in 1970. It superseded the earlier monastery at Sky Farm and Grace Farm (Charterhouse of Our Lady of Bethlehem), near Whitingham, Vermont, which Fr. Thomas had established in 1950.
The property was donated by Joseph George Davidson, a retired Union Carbide Corporation executive.
The charterhouse was designed by architect Victor Christ-Janer & Associates of New Canaan, Connecticut, and fabricated of Vermont granite blocks.
References
External links
Charterhouse of the Transfiguration website
Photo-tour of the charterhouse
Tax return, 2019, Carthusian Foundation in America
Taconic Mountains
Carthusian monasteries in the United States
Buildings and structures in Arlington, Vermont
Brutalist architecture in Vermont |
2756023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiencke%20Island | Wiencke Island | Wiencke Island is an island long and from wide, about in area, the southernmost of the major islands of the Palmer Archipelago, lying between Anvers Island to its north across the Neumayer Channel and the west coast of the Antarctic Peninsula to its east across the Gerlache Strait.
Description
The rocky island is mostly covered by glaciers, snow and ice. Some small rocky beaches lie on the western and northern sides of the island. There, some grasses, moss and lichens can be found. There are three mountain ridges, with Nemo Peak, high, to the north-west; Nipple Peak to the north-east; and Luigi Peak, high, to the south-west. Luigi Peak is the island's summit, despite it never having been completely surveyed.
Wiencke's northernmost point is Cape Astrup, a bold, dark-colored bluff discovered by the Belgian Antarctic Expedition, 1897–99. It was named by Adrien de Gerlache for Eivind Astrup, Norwegian Arctic explorer and member of Robert Peary's expeditions to Greenland in 1891–92 and 1893–95. The very southeast end of the island is Principal Point, a prominent ice-covered headland lying 4 nautical miles (7 km) east of Cape Errera. Principal Point was first charted by the French Antarctic Expedition under Charcot, 1903–05. The name, applied by the Argentine Antarctic Expedition, 1953–54, suggests the prominence of the feature. Nearby on the southeast coast is Pursuit Point, an Important Bird Area.
Wiencke is surrounded by minor islands, such as Breakwater Island, high, north of Cape Astrup. Near the south-east side is Fridtjof Island, high, connected to Wiencke by a chain of small rocks and islets. In the vicinity of Cape Willems, the south-easternmost extremity of Wiencke, are the Bob Islands, three in number, of volcanic origin, up to high.
History
19th century
The island seems to have been discovered first by Edward Bransfield on board the brig Williams in January 1820, though he named it a cape. In 1829 Henry Foster (scientist) sailed around the island. In 1873 the German Eduard Dallmann was the first to land on the island, and reported it 'a lonely place'. The island was named by Adrien de Gerlache, leader of the 1897–99 Belgian Antarctic Expedition, after Carl August Wiencke, a German seaman aboard the expedition ship RV Belgica who was washed overboard in a storm in January 1898.
20th century
Britain set up bases on Deception and in a bay of Wiencke Island in 1944 and another at Hope Bay in 1945, to do weather reporting and to check that there was no German naval activity. Only one of these three bases remains, on Goudier Island in the bay of Port Lockroy, off Jougla Point, near Wiencke Island's south-western end.
An Argentinean light tower was installed in 1947 at Py Point at the southwest end of the Peltier Channel on nearby Doumer Island, and a refuge hut erected in Dorian Bay in 1957, north of Port Lockroy. British Antarctic Survey (BAS) erected a staging hut, known as the Damoy Point refuge, near this Argentinean refuge in 1975 to act as a base for a temporary summer aircraft ice-strip. This was taken out of use in 1995, and stands restored as a historic site.
Another scientific station (Yelcho) was established in 1962 by the Chilean Navy in South Bay on nearby Doumer Island. An emergency shelter was built in 1957 in Alice Creek 150 m south of Goudier Island on the east coast of the island, followed two years later by a larger hut, for use when maintaining a low-frequency electromagnetic aerial and remote receiving equipment. These two huts were removed in 1996 when derelict while Base 'A' on Goudier Island was restored.
Features
Comer Range
Jabet Peak
Noble Peak
Dayné Peak
Tombstone Hill (Palmer Archipelago)
See also
Gerlache Strait Geology
List of Antarctic and subantarctic islands
References
External links
UK Antarctic Heritage Trust - The trust manages the historic site at Port Lockroy (Base A).
Islands of the Palmer Archipelago |
51268080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariana%20Hilborn | Ariana Hilborn | Ariana Kira Hilborn (, , born 19 September 1980) is a US-born Latvian long-distance runner. She was born on 19 September 1980 in Greendale, Wisconsin, United States. All of her four grandparents were Latvians, who left Latvia at the end of World War II as refugees, and later emigrated to the U.S. In 2014 Ariana Hilborn gained dual US-Latvian citizenship.
Hilborn disliked running in her teens and started training aged 23 to stay in shape.
Ariana Hart ran 4:36:58 with her eventual husband in her first road race at 2008 PF Chang's Rock 'n' Roll Arizona Marathon through Team In Training program.
In December 2009, she ran her first sub 3-hour marathon after training with Arizona Road Racers and improving her weekly mileage to 70 miles per week.
At 2010 Chicago Marathon, she missed the US Olympic Marathon Trials Qualifier, but made it 3 months later at 2011 PF Chang's Rock 'n' Roll Arizona Marathon in 2:45:37. At 2011 Grandma's Marathon on 18 June, Hilborn was the 10th woman to finish in a personal best 2:37:28. Her story—and her finish photo—were inspiring enough for her image to be used in the following year's marketing campaign for the famed race from Two Harbors to Duluth.
She attended the 2012 U.S. Olympic trials for the 2012 Summer Olympics marathon competition, and with the time 2:37.37 she ranked 29th. At 2012 Grandma's Marathon on 16 June, Hilborn was the 6th woman to finish 2:40:08.
In 2013, Ariana Hilborn moved to Michigan and trained for 2013 Boston Marathon with Hansons-Brooks Distance Project and placed 22nd in 2:42:00.
In summer 2014 She trained in Flagstaff, Arizona running 110 – 125 miles per week. Hilborn placed fourth in 2:35:20 at 2014 USA Marathon Championships and placed second at the Riga Marathon with a time of 2:40.22.
IAAF transfer to Latvia approved in 2015.
Her result (2:40.32) at the Ottawa Marathon on 29 May 2016 ranked her third among Latvian runners and secured a ticket to the 2016 Summer Olympics. Hilborn finished 106th in 2:50:51 at Athletics at the 2016 Summer Olympics – Women's marathon.
References
External links
1980 births
Living people
People from Greendale, Wisconsin
Sportspeople from Milwaukee County, Wisconsin
Latvian female marathon runners
Athletes (track and field) at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Latvia
Sportspeople from Milwaukee
Arizona State University alumni |
53176408 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Football%20at%20the%202017%20Central%20American%20Games | Football at the 2017 Central American Games | The football tournament at the 2017 Central American Games is scheduled to take place in December 2017.
The tournament will act as a qualifying tournament for the Central American nations for the 2018 Central American and Caribbean Games. Three teams will qualify from the men's tournament, two teams will qualify from the women's tournament.
The men's tournament will be restricted to those born after 1 January 1997 and the women's tournament will have no age restrictions.
Teams
In October 2017, CONCACAF wrote to ORDECA to confirm that teams from Guatemala would not be eligible for the competitions due to suspension of the National Football Federation of Guatemala from FIFA. Honduras and Belize did not enter a team into the women's competition.
Men's
Women's
Men's tournament
Squads
Group stage
Tiebreakers
The teams are ranked according to points (3 points for a win, 1 point for a draw, 0 points for a loss). If tied on points, tiebreakers are applied in the following order:
Greater number of goals between teams
Number of goals scored in group
Goal difference in group
Number of goals scored across all groups
Drawing of lots
Group A
Group B
Knockout stage
Semi-finals
Third-place playoff
Final
Women's tournament
Squads
Group stage
Knockout stage
Semi-finals
Third-place playoff
Final
Qualified teams for Central American and Caribbean Games
For the men's, the top three teams qualified for the 2018 Central American and Caribbean Games as the UNCAF representatives:
For the women's, the top two teams qualified for the 2018 Central American and Caribbean Games as the UNCAF representatives:
References
External links
2017
International association football competitions hosted by Nicaragua
2017 in Central American football
football
2017–18 in Nicaraguan football |
60611763 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2019%E2%80%9320%20Primeira%20Liga | 2019–20 Primeira Liga | The 2019–20 Primeira Liga (also known as Liga NOS for sponsorship reasons) was the 86th season of the Primeira Liga, the top professional league for Portuguese association football clubs. The season started on 9 August 2019 and was finished on 26 July 2020.
Benfica were the defending champions, after winning their 37th league title in the previous season. Paços de Ferreira and Famalicão were promoted from the second-tier 2018–19 LigaPro, while Gil Vicente were promoted directly from the third-tier 2018–19 Campeonato de Portugal by court decision. They replaced Chaves, Nacional and Feirense, who were relegated to the 2019–20 LigaPro.
On 12 March 2020, the Liga Portuguesa de Futebol Profissional (LPFP) suspended the Primeira Liga due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal. Following the government's approval, the league resumed play on 3 June, with matches of the remaining ten matchdays taking place behind closed doors.
On 15 July 2020, Porto secured their 29th league title with two matches remaining after defeating Sporting CP 2–0 at home.
After the end of the season, on 26 July, Desportivo das Aves and Portimonense were relegated to the 2020–21 LigaPro. However, two days later, Desportivo das Aves and Vitória de Setubal were relegated to the 2020–21 Campeonato de Portugal by decision of the Liga Portuguesa de Futebol Profissional ("LPFP") after both clubs failed to meet the necessary requirements to obtain a licence for registration to participate in professional domestic competitions.
Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic
Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Portugal, on 10 March 2020, the LPFP announced that all fixtures on matchday 24 (6–8 March) would be played behind closed doors following the Portuguese government to suspend events in open spaces with more than 5,000 people, as well as events behind closed doors with more than 1,000 participants, until 3 April. Two days later, the LPFP suspended the Primeira Liga and LigaPro until further notice because of effects of the coronavirus pandemic in Portugal. The decision was taken following the Portuguese Football Federation ("FPF")'s announcement of suspending their own non-professional football and futsal competitions and also due to an emergency meeting between the Sindicato dos Jogadores Profissionais de Futebol ("SJPF"), the LPFP and the FPF to monitor the situation, in view of the proposal to suspend all sports competitions, which the SJPF added that in case of infection, there would be an aggravated loss. Shortly after, LPFP president Pedro Proença met with several presidents of Primeira Liga's clubs to assess the impact of the stoppage of professional championships due to the COVID-19 pandemic. He revealed a COVID-19 economic support plan to support the treasury of various clubs in the Primeira Liga and LigaPro. Afterwards, the LPFP announced the creation of an Economic Impact Monitoring Group that would be responsible for presenting measures to support the clubs that competed in the Primeira Liga and LigaPro. The FPF also opened a credit line to support the finances of non-professional football and futsal clubs in the amount of one million euros to minimize the effects of the pandemic on their finances.
On 28 April, Prime Minister of Portugal António Costa reunited with the presidents of the "Big Three" clubs in Portugal (S.L. Benfica, Sporting CP and FC Porto), the president of the FPF and the president of the LPFP to discuss the conditions of the return of football in Portugal. The reunion caused some controversy for some Primeira Liga clubs such as Braga and Vitória de Guimarães, who were not satisfied that only the "Big Three" clubs were the only ones invited to the discussion, and instead believed all Primeira Liga clubs should have been invited. Two days later, António Costa approved the return of the league, with all matches being resumed behind closed doors following the consent of the Portuguese Ministry of Health.
On 11 May, it was announced that several teams in the Primeira Liga had players tested positive for COVID-19, with Benfica having a player from its reserve team to be infected, followed by three players from Famalicão, Moreirense and Vitória de Guimarães that were sent home and were isolated from the rest of their respective teams. On 20 May, LPFP president Pedro Proença president proposed that following the restart of the league, the matches played should be shown on the free-to-air television station RTP in Portugal instead of the pay TV subscriptions, with the backing of the Portuguese government. However, this proposal caused some controversy with the league's main sponsor, NOS, and several other sponsors, as well as various other clubs in the league, most notably Benfica and Porto. This prompted rumours that Proença could be forced to end his term prematurely, rumours Proença later dismissed. Later that month, Benfica left the board of LPFP due to the controversy.
On 14 May, after a meeting of all clubs, five substitutions will be permitted, which was temporarily allowed by IFAB following a proposal by FIFA to lessen the impact of fixture congestion. On 22 May, the LPFP announced that the league would be resumed on 3 June. On 27 May, it was announced that one of the assistant referees for a league match between Benfica and Marítimo had tested positive for COVID-19, leading him to be replaced by another referee for the scheduled league match.
On 30 May, the LPFP approved a plan to resume the league, but during the reunion between all clubs of the league, Marítimo refused to accept the five substitutions rules, leading the rule to be accepted on 8 June by the LPFP despite Marítimo's refusal.
Teams
Eighteen teams competed in the league – the top fifteen teams from the previous season, the two teams promoted from the LigaPro (Paços de Ferreira and Famalicão) and one team promoted directly from the third-tier Campeonato de Portugal (Gil Vicente).
Paços de Ferreira came back to the top division one season after being relegated, while Famalicão secured their return after a 25-year absence. Gil Vicente, having been relegated to the third-level of Portuguese football in the 2018–19 season, were reinstated in the Primeira Liga by court decision, five years after their last participation.
These three teams replaced Chaves, Feirense (both relegated after three years in the top flight), and Nacional (relegated one season after their promotion).
Stadia and locations
Personnel and sponsors
Managerial changes
League table
Positions by round
The table lists the positions of teams after each week of matches. In order to preserve chronological evolvements, any postponed matches are not included to the round at which they were originally scheduled, but added to the full round they were played immediately afterwards.
Results
Statistics
Top goalscorers
Hat-tricks
Notes
(H) – Home team(A) – Away team
Top assists
Clean sheets
Discipline
Player
Most yellow cards: 14
José Semedo (Vitória de Setúbal)
Most red cards: 2
João Afonso (Gil Vicente)
Sebastián Coates (Sporting CP)
José Semedo (Vitória de Setúbal)
Raul Silva (Braga)
Alex Telles (Porto)
Rafik Halliche (Moreirense)
Club
Most yellow cards: 102
Paços de Ferreira
Most red cards: 6
Famalicão
Awards
Monthly awards
Annual awards
Annual awards were announced on 29 August 2020.
Number of teams by district
Notes
References
Primeira Liga seasons
Portugal
1
Primeira Liga |
33172464 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forum%20of%20Women%27s%20NGOs | Forum of Women's NGOs | The Forum of Women's NGOs in Kyrgyzstan is an NGO set up to provide administrative and financial aid to other NGOs, whose primary concern is helping women.
Introduction
The Forum of Women's NGOs of Kyrgyzstan (FWNGO) was conceived in 1995. It was created to provide assistance to women's NGOs and establishing a network for mutual cooperation.
The Forum seeks to consolidate the country's network of women's organizations, activists, and leaders. The consolidation activities focus on strengthening the capacity of institutional members to improve women's lives and increase gender equality in communities across Kyrgyzstan.
Accordingly, the Forum focuses its main efforts in addressing gender issues in the Central Asian region. Today, the Forum of Women's NGOs of Kyrgyzstan works closely with more than 85 NGOs in Kyrgyzstan.
History & Formation
Following a conference of Central Asian women's organisations in 1995, participants at the conference decided that regular meetings between women's organizations would facilitate information exchange and help groups cooperate. Thus, they published a women's informational bulletin titled "Joogazyn" (Tulip) in Russian and Kyrgyz; assisting group members in writing grants and project proposals; and sponsoring conferences and seminars on topics concerning women.
Vision
"Women’s empowerment is a key to successful development"
Mission
The Forum's mission is the consolidation and strengthening of women's movement towards gender equality and women's empowerment.
This is achieved by building partnerships towards women's equality, creating an increase in women's participation in public life through their organizations and NGOs.
As part of this mission the Forum of Women's NGOs of Kyrgyzstan contributes to developing the capacity of women's organizations', and organizing active networking in Kyrgyzstan and in Central Asia.
Activities
The Forum has three main activities:
i. monthly seminars and national workshops
ii. monthly newsletters
iii. training to develop organizational capacity
With funding from the Asian Development Bank, the Forum conducted a number of activities designed to build partnerships between women's NGOs in both the Kyrgyz Republic and in Central Asia.
Peaceful March of Citizens for Law and Order
These ‘marches’ are organized on a regular basis, as a form of a peaceful demonstration, bringing to light “women's positions with regards to growing criminality in Bishkek and in Kyrgyzstan”.
Flyers are distributed during the March and the text of flyers were in two languages – Kyrgyz and Russian to help raise awareness. Those in attendance don violet scarves, as a show of solidarity.
Though there was a crackdown on the media's broadcasting of this peaceful demonstration, certain political leaders acquiesced to the requests put forth by the Forum at past marches. Nevertheless, major media networks were present at past events to interview some of the participants of the demonstration, a sign that even if there was no televising the event, there was still much interest from the public and media at large.
Women's Dialogue
In June 1997, the Forum hosted a conference of Central Asian women's NGOs entitled "Women's Dialogue".
50 Women in Politics
This is a four-year programme run by the Forum, and it seeks to increase gender equality in Kyrgyzstan's political system and aims to empower women's political leadership capacity by increasing the number of women participating in the next set of regional and local elections. The ultimate goal is to facilitate the election of female candidates in the 2010 parliamentary elections.
School of Women’s Studies
At present, the Forum is working to create a School of Women's Studies in Bishkek.
Affiliations
The Forum is an active member of the United Nations ECOSOC and has participated several sessions in the interests of UN ECOSOC in addressing the status of women.
The Forum is an active member of the Asian-Pacific Forum on Women, Law and Development (APWLD). It represents the national monitor for Violence Against Women (VAW) in Kyrgyzstan
The Forum is also supported by the European Union in campaigning the role of civil society by encouraging non-state actors to play an active role.
References
Other Resources
http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/cedaw/docs/NGOs/ForumofWomensNGOS_Kyrgyzstan42.pdf
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0014/001465/146593e.pdf
Women's organisations based in Kyrgyzstan
Women's rights in Kyrgyzstan |
12156516 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preacherman | Preacherman | Preacherman is a 1971 American comedy film written, directed, and starring Albert T. Viola. The film revolves around a backwoods con artist posing as a country preacher, who, during a sojourn in a small North Carolina town, alternately misleads a local landowner to take advantage of his daughter, but also helps him sell moonshine to get revenge on a rival. Initially released mostly to theatres in the American south by small distributor Variety Films, the modestly-budgeted film grossed over $5 million, spawning a sequel, Preacherman Meets Widderwoman, in 1973. It was later widely distributed on home video by Troma Entertainment.
Plot
After having sex with a girl who turns out to be the daughter of White Oak County sheriff Zero Bull, self-proclaimed Preacherman Amos Huxley (Viola) is beaten by the sheriff and his deputy and left outside the county line, warned never to return. He is unwittingly brought back into the sheriff's jurisdiction by local farmer Judd Crabtree (Esty F. Davis Jr.), who picks up the unconscious Huxley and takes him to his home. Aware there is a countywide roadblock looking for escaped convicts (and likely himself), Huxley decides to stay with Crabtree, especially after meeting his daughter Mary Lou (Ilene Kristen), who has been fooling around with multiple boys in the area. Under pretense of baptizing Mary Lou and curbing her lascivious behavior, Huxley fools her into multiple sexual encounters and diverts Judd from noticing by sending him outside to watch for "the Angel Leroy."
Judd confesses to Huxley that instead of farming, he has generated income through an illegal moonshine still, a business sanctioned with Sheriff Bull and Bull's shopkeeper brother-in-law. Huxley, seeing a chance to make money and get revenge on Bull, suggests Judd can continue the business as a revenue-generator to build a new church, using travelling saleswoman Martha (who is attracted to Judd) as the new supplier instead of the sheriff's infrastructure. Other locals are brought into the operation, which becomes a success. The new venture draws the attention of Clyde Massingale (Adam Hesse), one of Mary Lou's former paramours, jealous at no longer having sexual access to the now "saved" girl. Huxley tries to recruit Clyde into the business to keep him quiet, but Sheriff Bull, noticing that Clyde is now working for Judd despite their history of animosity, senses the boy may know about either Huxley or the loss of his former bootlegging revenue, and alerts him to Huxley's criminal past.
The prisoner dragnet now ended, Huxley sees a chance to flee the county with Mary Lou, but convinces Judd and Martha to stage a large revival event, where he can proceed to rake in more cash. Clyde rats out Huxley to Bull, who raids the meeting. Judd distracts Bull long enough for Huxley and Mary Lou to escape, but as they run, Mary Lou admits to Huxley she loves Clyde. Huxley, somewhat relieved, tells Mary Lou he has left a large share of the profits in her bedroom for herself and Judd, and runs off alone. Clyde, upon reuniting with Mary Lou, misleads Bull and his deputy, allowing Huxley to make it to the next county free and clear.
References
External links
1971 films
1971 comedy films
American independent films
Troma Entertainment films
American comedy films
1970s English-language films
1970s American films |
11974387 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rob%20Collins%20%28musician%29 | Rob Collins (musician) | Robert James Collins (23 February 1963 – 22 July 1996) was an English musician best known as the original keyboardist of The Charlatans.
The Charlatans
Collins was born in Rowley Regis, Staffordshire and grew up in Willenhall and was recruited to join The Charlatans in the late 1980s. The band's debut single "Indian Rope" was an indie hit, and led the way for their debut top ten single "The Only One I Know" in 1990. Collins' swirling and layered psychedelic organ playing added an important and noted edge to the band's sound and placed the band apart from many of their baggy contemporaries and he was the band's main songwriter. He recorded five successful albums with the band.
Imprisonment
On 3 December 1992, Collins was arrested and charged with armed robbery on an off-licence near his home. Collins had been driving with a friend, who performed the robbery when Collins was waiting in his car outside. Collins claimed to have no foreknowledge of the robbery until he heard a gunshot inside the shop and his friend exited, although later admitted that he should not have picked his friend up after he realised what he had done. In court Collins pleaded guilty to "Assisting an offender after an offence", for which he was sentenced to eight months' imprisonment. His former charge of "armed robbery" (resulting in a possible sentence of eight years or more) was dropped in court. Collins served four months of his sentence and was released in early 1994.
Death
Collins began to record keyboard and organ parts for The Charlatans' fifth album, Tellin' Stories, but was killed in a car crash on 22 July 1996, just before sessions were completed. He was driving his BMW 520i on the B4233, a country road north of Monmouth near Rockfield Studios where the album was being recorded. An investigation into the accident showed that Collins had consumed a sizable amount of alcohol and was not wearing a seatbelt. He died from head injuries on the roadside shortly after the accident, having been thrown through the sunroof. Investigators concluded that he probably would not have died had he worn a seatbelt.
The music industry and his colleagues were greatly shocked by his sudden loss. Collins' death occurred some three weeks before The Charlatans' biggest concert to date; supporting Oasis at Knebworth. Oasis's lead singer Liam Gallagher said "live forever, mate" as a dedication to Collins and introduction to their song "Cast No Shadow".
References
1963 births
1996 deaths
English keyboardists
The Charlatans (English band) members
People from Willenhall
Road incident deaths in Wales
Britpop musicians
Musicians from the West Midlands (county)
20th-century English musicians |
20731537 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Adam%20%28disambiguation%29 | Charles Adam (disambiguation) | Charles Adam (1780–1853), was a British naval officer.
Charles or Charlie Adam may also refer to:
Sir Charles Elphinstone Adam, 1st Baronet (1859–1922) of the Adam baronets
Charlie Adam (born 1985), Scottish international football midfielder
Charlie Adam (footballer, born 1919) (1919–1996), Scottish football outside left
Charlie Adam (footballer, born 1962) (1962–2012), Scottish football midfielder, father of the footballer born 1985
See also
Charles Adams (disambiguation) |
40671225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolanda%20Neff | Jolanda Neff | Jolanda Neff (born 5 January 1993) is a Swiss cyclist, who primarily rides in the cross-country cycling and cyclo-cross disciplines, for the Trek Factory Racing team. She won the gold medal in the women's cross-country event at the 2020 Summer Olympics.
Career
She was the overall winner of the UCI Mountain Bike World Cup in 2014 and 2015. She was triple Under-23 Mountain Bike World Champion (2012, 2013 and 2014). At the 2017 UCI World Championships in Cairns she became the elite world champion.
In June 2015, she won the first gold medal for Switzerland in the women's cross country event at the European Games in Baku. Later the same month, she went on to win the Swiss National Road Race Championships.
Neff won the UCI Mountain Bike Marathon World Championships in 2016 and Mountain Bike XCO World Championship in 2017. She also won the European Mountain Bike Championships in August 2018 at Cathkin Braes, just outside of Glasgow.
In October 2018, Neff announced that she would join the new team for 2019 in road racing, and Trek Factory Racing in mountain biking and cyclo-cross.
In July 2021, Neff won the gold medal in the women's cross-country event at the COVID-19 pandemic-delayed 2020 Summer Olympics. Her victory, along with her teammates Linda Indergand and Sina Frei winning the bronze and silver medals, marked the first all-Swiss Olympic podium since 1936 and the first time a nation has won all three medals in a cycling event since 1904.
Personal life
Since 2018, she has been in a relationship with American downhill mountain biking racer Luca Shaw.
Career achievements
Major results
Cyclo-cross
2017–2018
EKZ CrossTour
1st Bern
1st Meilen
2nd Eschenbach
2018–2019
1st National Championships
DVV Trophy
1st Baal
EKZ CrossTour
1st Meilen
2019–2020
1st Waterloo
UCI World Cup
2nd Waterloo
2021–2022
1st Waterloo
Road
Source:
2015
1st Road race, National Championships
4th Giro dell'Emilia
6th Trofeo Alfredo Binda
9th Road race, UCI World Championships
2016
1st Overall Tour de Pologne
1st Points classification
1st Active rider classification
1st Stages 1 & 3
3rd Trofeo Alfredo Binda
8th Road race, Olympic Games
10th La Flèche Wallonne
2018
1st Road race, National Championships
2020
4th Time trial, National Championships
2021
4th Overall Tour de Suisse
2022
5th Overall Tour de Suisse
2023
1st Overall Trofeo Ponente in Rosa
1st Points classification
1st Stage 3 & 4
Mountain bike
Source:
2012
UCI World Championships
1st Under-23 cross-country
2nd Eliminator
1st Cross-country, UEC European Under-23 Championships
National Championships
1st Eliminator
1st Under-23 cross-country
BMC Racing Cup
2nd Basel–Muttenz
3rd Overall UCI Under-23 XCO World Cup
2013
UCI World Championships
1st Under-23 cross-country
2nd Eliminator
1st Eliminator, National Championships
2nd Team relay, UEC European Championships
BMC Racing Cup
3rd Gränichen
2014
UCI World Championships
1st Under-23 cross-country
2nd Team relay
National Championships
1st Cross-country
2nd Eliminator
1st Overall UCI XCO World Cup
1st Pietermaritzburg
1st Mont-Sainte-Anne
1st Méribel
3rd Albstadt
BMC Racing Cup
1st Buchs
1st Lugano–Tesserete
1st Gränichen
1st Lenzerheide
1st Basel–Muttenz
2nd Cross-country, UEC European Under-23 Championships
2015
UEC European Championships
1st Cross-country
2nd Marathon
1st Cross-country, European Games
1st Overall UCI XCO World Cup
1st Nové Město
1st Albstadt
1st Mont-Sainte-Anne
2nd Windham
2nd Trentino
BMC Racing Cup
1st Schaan
1st Lugano–Tesserete
1st Solothurn
1st Gränichen
2016
1st Marathon, UCI World Championships
UEC European Championships
1st Cross-country
1st Team relay
1st Cross-country, National Championships
1st Overall Swiss Epic (with Alessandra Keller)
2017
UCI World Championships
1st Cross-country
1st Team relay
1st Cross-country, National Championships
2018
1st Team relay, UCI World Championships
1st Cross-country, UEC European Championships
1st Cross-country, National Championships
1st Overall UCI XCO World Cup
1st Albstadt
3rd Val di Sole
Swiss Bike Cup
1st Gränichen
1st Andermatt
2nd Schaan
1st Internacionales Chelva
UCI XCC World Cup
2nd Albstadt
2nd Mont-Sainte-Anne
3rd Nové Město
3rd La Bresse
2019
1st Cross-country, UEC European Championships
UCI XCC World Cup
1st Vallnord
1st Val di Sole
2nd Albstadt
2nd Lenzerheide
3rd Nové Město
1st Tokyo 2020 Test Event
2nd Cross-country, UCI World Championships
2nd Overall UCI XCO World Cup
2nd Albstadt
2nd Vallnord
2nd Les Gets
2nd Val di Sole
2020
1st Cross-country, National Championships
Swiss Bike Cup
2nd Leukerbad
French Cup
2nd Alpe d'Huez
2021
1st Cross-country, Olympic Games
1st Cross-country, National Championships
Internazionali d'Italia Series
1st Andora
2nd Copa Catalana Internacional BTT
UCI XCC World Cup
3rd Leogang
3rd Lenzerheide
2022
1st Short track, National Championships
UCI XCO World Cup
1st Mont-Sainte-Anne
3rd Val di Sole
UCI World Championships
2nd Cross-country
3rd Marathon
3rd Overall UCI XCC World Cup
1st Nové Město
1st Mont-Sainte-Anne
3rd Lenzerheide
2023
2nd Cross-country, National Championships
2nd Haiming
Swiss Bike Cup
2nd Basel
3rd Gränichen
4th Cross-country, UEC European Championships
UCI XCO World Cup
4th Mont-Sainte-Anne
5th Snowshoe
Awards and honours
Between 2014 and 2019, Neff was named as the Swiss female cyclist of the year at the . She won the award for a seventh time in 2021, as all five Swiss female cyclists to ride, and win medals, at the 2020 Summer Olympics – Neff, Sina Frei, Linda Indergand, Marlen Reusser and Nikita Ducarroz – were recognised as joint winners.
Following her Olympic gold medal, a street in Thal was renamed as "Jolanda Neff Weg" in her honour in August 2021.
References
External links
1993 births
Living people
Swiss female cyclists
European Games gold medalists for Switzerland
European Games medalists in cycling
Cyclists at the 2015 European Games
Cyclists at the 2023 European Games
Sportspeople from the canton of St. Gallen
Cyclists at the 2016 Summer Olympics
Olympic cyclists for Switzerland
Cross-country mountain bikers
Cyclists at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2020 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in cycling
Olympic gold medalists for Switzerland
Cyclo-cross cyclists
21st-century Swiss women |
5353263 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo%20Carlone | Carlo Carlone | Carlo Innocenzo Carlone or Carloni (1686–1775) was an Italian painter and engraver, active especially in Germany.
Biography
He was a native of Scaria, near Como, in Lombardy, but may have been from the Carloni family of Genoese painters. He was the son of a sculptor, but he preferred painting, and was placed under the care of Giulio Quaglio. He subsequently trained also with Giovanni Battista Colomba. He afterwards studied at Venice and at Rome, with Francesco Trevisani until he was 23 years of age, when he visited Germany, where he has left works in oil and in fresco at Ludwigsburg, Passau, Linz, Breslau, Prague, and Vienna.
He painted large decorative fresco cycles for palaces in Vienna, Prague and Southern Germany. For example, Carlone is known for painting the ceiling images in the Upper Belvedere of the Belvedere palace complex. His The Glorification of Saints Felix and Adauctus (1759–1761) was commissioned for the cupola of the church of San Felice del Benaco on Lake Garda.
He died at Como.
Works
As an engraver he has left the following plates, mostly from his own compositions:
Conception of the Virgin.
The Holy Family, with St. John kissing the Foot of Jesus.
St Charles Borromeo meeting the Plague-stricken.
The Death of a Saint.
Allegorical subject of Opulence, for a ceiling.
Figure with a Crown, another subject for a ceiling.
Group of Children with a Basket of Flowers.
See also
Hofburg – winter residence of the Austrian royal family.
References
Sources
External links
1686 births
1775 deaths
People from the Province of Como
17th-century Italian painters
Italian male painters
18th-century Italian painters
Rococo painters
Fresco painters
Catholic painters
Catholic engravers
18th-century Italian male artists |
22265261 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2009%20Grand%20National | 2009 Grand National | The 2009 Grand National (officially known as the John Smith's Grand National for sponsorship reasons) was the 162nd running of the Grand National horse race that took place at Aintree Racecourse near Liverpool, England, on 4 April 2009.
A 100/1 outsider, the French-bred Mon Mome, ridden by Liam Treadwell, won the race by 12 lengths from the previous year's winner Comply or Die (14/1) in a time of 9 minutes 34 seconds. Mon Mome became the first 100/1 shot to win since Foinavon in 1967. He also became the first winner of the race to have been bred in France for 100 years.
Mon Mome was trained by Venetia Williams at her Herefordshire stables and was owned by Vida Bingham of East Sussex.
Seventeen runners completed the 4-mile 4 furlong course over Aintree's National circuit. Hear The Echo collapsed during the latter stages of the race and later died.
Race card
Note: Trained in Great Britain unless otherwise stated in brackets.
1: Cloudy Lane,
Weight: 11–10. Jockey: Jason Maguire; trainer: Donald McCain, Jr. Colours: white cap, green and yellow checked vest with white sleeves.
2: Chelsea Harbour
Weight: 11–8. Jockey: Emmet Mullins; trainer: Tom Mullins (Ireland). Colours: white cap with black ring, orange vest with black star and orange and black diamond sleeves.
3: Snowy Morning
Weight: 11–8. Jockey: Andrew McNamara; trainer: Willie Mullins (Ireland). Colours: yellow and white checked cap, yellow and black striped vest with yellow sleeves.
4: Knowhere
Weight: 11–7. Jockey: Paddy Brennan; trainer: Nigel Twiston-Davies. Colours: green cap, vest and sleeves all with white stars.
5: Comply or Die
Weight: 11–6. Jockey: Timmy Murphy; trainer: David Pipe. Colours: white cap with blue stars, blue vest with green sleeves.
6: Ollie Magern
Weight: 11–6. Jockey: Mr Sam Waley-Cohen; trainer: Nigel Twiston-Davies. Colours: blue cap, blue vest with claret stars and claret sleeves.
7: Stan
Weight: 11–6. Jockey: Aidan Coleman; trainer: Venetia Williams. Colours: pink cap, blue vest with pink and blue striped sleeves.
8: Black Apalachi
Weight: 11–5. Jockey: Denis O'Regan; trainer: Dessie Hughes (Ireland). Colours: green cap with blue star, green vest with blue and green striped sleeves.
9: Hear The Echo
Weight: 11–5. Jockey: Davy Russell; trainer: Mouse Morris (Ireland). Colours: claret cap with white star, claret vest with white star and white stripe to claret sleeve.
10:
Weight: 11–5. Jockey Philip Enright; trainer: Gerald O'Leary (Ireland). Colours: blue cap with yellow star, blue vest with yellow star to chest and sleeves.
11: My Will
Weight: 11–4. Jockey: Ruby Walsh; trainer: Paul Nicholls. Colours: red cap, white and black vest with red sleeves.
12: Eurotrek
Weight: 11–3. Jockey: Sam Thomas; trainer: Paul Nicholls. Colours: light blue cap, vest and sleeves with dark blue diamond.
13: State Of Play
Weight: 11–2. Jockey: Paul Moloney; trainer: Evan Williams. Colours: blue cap, blue vest with pink stripe and blue sleeves.
14: Big Fella Thanks
Weight: 11–1. Jockey: Christian Williams; trainer: Paul Nicholls. Colours: dark green and white checked cap, dark green vest with a white V and light green sleeves.
15: Mon Mome
Weight: 11–0. Jockey: Liam Treadwell; trainer: Venetia Williams. Colours: green cap, green vest with blue and green stripe sleeves.
16: Silver Birch
Weight: 11–0. Jockey: Robbie Power; trainer: Gordon Elliott (Ireland). Colours: blue cap, black vest with blue star, blue sleeves with black stars.
17: Butlers Cabin
Weight: 10–13. Jockey: Tony McCoy; trainer: Jonjo O'Neill. Colours: white cap, green and orange striped vest and sleeves.
18: Offshore Account
Weight: 10–13. Jockey: David Casey; trainer: Charlie Swan. Colours: orange and green checked cap, white vest and sleeves with green flashes to shoulder.
19: Parsons Legacy
Weight: 10–12. Jockey: Richard Johnson; trainer: Philip Hobbs. Colours: yellow cap, claret vest with yellow stripe and yellow sleeves.
20: Reveillez
Weight: 10–12. Jockey: Mark Walsh; trainer: Jonjo O'Neill. Colours: orange cap, green and orange striped vest and sleeves.
21: Fundamentalist
Weight: 10–11. Jockey: David England; trainer: Nigel Twiston-Davies. Colours: orange cap, black and orange striped vest, black sleeves with orange stars.
22: Golden Flight
Weight: 10–11. Jockey: Barry Geraghty; trainer: Nicky Henderson. Colours: yellow cap with blue rings, yellow and blue striped vest and sleeves.
23: Lami
Weight: 10–11. Jockey: Robert Thornton; trainer: Enda Bolger (Ireland). Colours: yellow and green checked cap, orange and green striped vest and sleeves.
24: Battlecry
Weight: 10–10. Jockey: Tom Scudamore; trainer: Nigel Twiston-Davies. Colours: orange cap, yellow and green checked vest with white sleeves.
25: Cornish Sett
Weight: 10–10. Jockey: Nick Scholfield; trainer: Paul Nicholls. Colours: black and white checked cap, black and white stripe vest with black and white checked sleeves.
26: Fleet Street
Weight: 10–10. Jockey: Andrew Tinkler; trainer: Nicky Henderson. Colours: red and white checked cap, white vest and sleeves with red trim.
27: Musica Bella
Weight: 10–10. Jockey: Philip Carberry; trainer: Francois Cottin (France). Colours: orange cap, black and orange striped vest and sleeves.
28: Can't Buy Time
Weight: 10–9. Jockey: Noel Fehily; trainer: Jonjo O'Neill. Colours: blue cap, orange and green striped vest and sleeves.
29: Darkness
Weight: 10–9. Jockey: Wayne Hutchinson; trainer: Charles Egerton. Colours: pink cap, pink and grey diamonded vest and sleeves.
30: Irish Invader
Weight: 10–9. Jockey: Paul Townend; trainer: Willie Mullins (Ireland). Colours: blue cap with black spot, orange vest with white star and blue sleeves.
31: Rambling Minster
Weight: 10–9. Jockey: James Reveley; trainer: Keith Reveley. Colours: blue cap, white vest and sleeves with blue stars.
32: Southern Vic
Weight: 10–9. Jockey: Niall Madden; trainer: Ted Walsh (Ireland). Colours: yellow cap with black star, yellow and black checked vest with black sleeves.
33: Kilbeggan Blade
Weight: 10–7. Jockey: Graham Lee; trainer: Tom George. Colours: red cap with blue diamond, Blue vest and sleeves with red diamond.
34: Brooklyn Brownie
Weight: 10–6. Jockey: Phil Kinsella; trainer: Malcolm Jefferson. Colours: orange cap, brown and orange checked vest with brown sleeves.
35: Himalayan Trail
Weight: 10–6. Jockey: Paddy Flood; trainer: Jimmy Mangan (Ireland). Colours: red cap, blue vest with white V and blue sleeves with white stripes.
36: Arteea
Weight: 10–5. Jockey: Richie McGrath; trainer: David Pipe. Colours: white cap with black star, Green vest with white star and black and green striped sleeves.
37: Cerium
Weight: 10–5. Jockey: Keith Mercer; trainer: Paul Murphy. Colours: green cap, Green vest with white star and black and green striped sleeves
38: Idle Talk
Weight: 10–5. Jockey: Brian Harding; trainer: Donald McCain Jr. Colours: green cap, yellow and green checked vest with white sleeves.
39: Kelami
Weight: 10–5. Jockey: Derek Laverty; trainer: Lisa Williamson. Colours: red and white ringed cap, black vest with red and white striped sleeves.
40: Zabenz
Weight: 10–5. Jockey: Tom O'Brien; trainer: Philip Hobbs. Colours: green cap, beige vest and sleeves.
Leading contenders
2007 Irish Grand National winner Butler's Cabin was made the favourite having fallen in the previous year's National when going well and in addition he had champion jockey Tony McCoy in the saddle. The favourite was still among a group of sixteen horses who still held serious chances with four fences to jump but he made a mistake at the 27th and was always struggling to get back on terms with those at the head of the group. After the race, jockey Tony McCoy said: "He ran OK. He's probably still a bit high in the handicap. From Becher's on the second circuit he was just starting to get a little bit tired and he made a lot of little mistakes late on."
My Will was made favourite for the race after finishing fifth in the Cheltenham Gold Cup but was sent off as joint-second favourite on the day with two-time winning rider Ruby Walsh in the saddle. Despite a series of jumping errors the horse turned for the home straight marginally leading an unusually large contending pack of sixteen horses and briefly looked to be on the way to victory at the penultimate flight. The horse was quickly passed by the eventual winner and took the last flight in third place where he remained, finishing 13¼ lengths behind the winner. Jockey Ruby Walsh said: "He was just hitting the fences low and I was really having to work hard at keeping him upright. We did well to stay on our feet."
Rambling Minster was identified as the 'trend' horse after winning the Blue Square Gold Cup at Haydock two months before the National. Despite ticking all the boxes the tipsters looked for in a potential National winner, he proved very disappointing in the race itself and was well to the rear when he was almost brought down at the 18th fence and was pulled up soon after. Jockey James Reveley said afterwards: "He didn't take to it and just didn't like it. He jumped OK until he made a mistake down the back and he was looking after himself after that so I pulled up going down the back on the second circuit."
Black Apalachi had been a faller in the 2008 Grand National but became popular when he won the Becher Chase over one circuit of the course in November and followed that by winning the Bobbyjo Chase in February. He went straight to the front from the start, taking the lead at the third fence where he remained for over a circuit. He was still three lengths clear and going well when he stumbled on landing over Becher's Brook and threw his rider Denis O'Reagan, who later said: "It was very disappointing – he was travelling well and jumping from fence to fence. I don't know what happened until I see a replay."
Comply Or Die was the defending champion and came within 12 lengths of being the first horse for over thirty years to win back-to-back Nationals. The horse jumped alongside Mon Mome at the final flight but was outpaced on the run-in. After, jockey Timmy Murphy said: "He ran a blinder. Apart from failing to get 10 lengths closer to the winner I have no complaints whatsoever."
State Of Play had won the 2006 Hennessy Cognac Gold Cup but appealed to his backers after winning the Charlie Hall Chase in November at Wetherby. The horse was among the leading eight throughout the race and was among four who shared the lead jumping the penultimate fence. He was unable to mount a challenge after that and finished fourth, 14 lengths behind the winner. Jockey Paul Moloney said of his race: "There was a moment when I thought I was going to win going to two out. You can't do it without the horse and I had a lot of confidence in him."
Big Fella Thanks was backed after winning the Sky Bet Chase in January and on race day ran a textbook National in mid-division on the first circuit before moving into a challenging position at the Canal Turn on the second circuit. The horse was always having to find a few lengths and was never quite able to get on terms with the leader before finishing sixth. Jockey Christian Williams regarded the race as a prep for a bigger bid next year, saying: "He'll be a year older next year, and perhaps on softer ground you never know. He's only a baby. I had AP [McCoy, on Butler's Cabin] upsides me so I knew I was in the right place. He's got a slight cut on his hind leg and that may have made a slight difference, but if he improves again and comes back with a nice weight next year he could go close."
Mon Mome was among the less-considered outsiders at 100–1 despite a good racing pedigree that had seen him sent off as favourite in the Welsh National in December. A disappointing run there and subsequent loss of form, in addition to his regular rider opting to ride Stan instead led the public to ignore the credentials which were seen as obvious after the event.
Finishing order
Non-finishers
Broadcasting
The Grand National was accorded status as an event of national interest, listed on the Ofcom Code on Sports and Other Listed and Designated Events, therefore ensuring that the event is broadcast live on terrestrial television in the United Kingdom. The BBC broadcast the race for the 50th consecutive year. The winner, Mon Mome, was not mentioned in commentary at any stage on the first circuit, being named for the first time when in 12th place as the runners started the second circuit. The commentary team for the sixth consecutive year was Ian Bartlett, Tony O'Hehir, Darren Owen, and Jim McGrath who called the winner home for the 12th consecutive year.
The programme was presented by Clare Balding. 1,477 people lodged complaints to the BBC when, after the race, she asked winning rider Liam Treadwell to show his teeth to the camera and then suggested he would be able to get them "fixed" with his prize money. Balding later issued a public apology. On the evening before the following year's race, Treadwell was again interviewed by Balding for the BBC's The One Show in which he thanked her for her comments as it had led to him getting free dentistry resulting in a perfect smile.
Treadwell said of his winning ride: "It's an absolutely unbelievable finish, I had the perfect run through the race, he jumped brilliant for me. A couple of times loose horses fell upsides me and went under his legs but it didn't really affect the horse. He gave me such a great ride. He was an absolute pleasure to ride. He is so genuine."
Trainer Venetia Williams said: "How can you ever expect that in a race like this? I'm so proud of the horse. I'm so proud of Liam for giving him such a good ride, and the girl who looks after him as well. I'm so proud of everyone in the yard – I never get chance to praise them and give them the credit they deserve, it is all a team effort."
Aftermath
Hear The Echo and Butlers Cabin both collapsed, the former on the run-in and the latter shortly after passing the finishing post. Both required oxygen treatment but Hear The Echo did not respond and died.
Bookmakers were delighted by the race result with a 100/1 winner. Ladbrokes spokesman David Williams said: "It was better than we could ever have dreamed of. Liam Treadwell was our saviour. A win for Walsh or McCoy would have seen a multi-million pound turnaround. The sun shone on Aintree and the sun shone on the bookies. If last year was one for the punters, 2009 was very much one for us."
Quotes
Keith Mercer (Cerium, fifth): "He was brilliant. He jumped magnificently and was in contention on the run to the second-last. it was an amazing feeling. I had just been hoping we would get round. He far surpassed my expectations and gave me an amazing spin."
Niall Madden (Southern Vic, eighth): "He has run a great race, the ground was just too quick for him."
Andrew McNamara (Snowy Morning, ninth): "We had a couple of bumps on the way round, but he ran a nice race."
Johnny Farrelly (Arteea, tenth): "I had a good ride round and he jumped great."
Paul Townend (Irish Invader, eleventh): "It was great. I think he just maybe didn't see it (the trip) out."
Brian Harding (Idle Talk, twelfth): "He jumped round, but didn't get home. He gave me a great ride and he was pretty good over the fences, but didn't get home."
Wayne Hutchinson (Darkness, thirteenth): "He gave me a good spin and he travelled away fine. He was just a bit on and off the bridle but you couldn't fault him over these fences. He's jumped economically and he galloped on round."
Philip Enright (, fourteenth): "He gave me a great ride and jumped well. I thought I would go very close jumping the second-last, but he got very tired. I had to use him a bit more than I would have liked early on because of the ground. He ran well and should be back next year."
David Casey (Offshore Account, fifteenth): "I had a great ride round and he jumped so well, but he hadn't run over fences for over a year and it told on him in the end. He's still a good horse to look forward to."
Tom Scudamore (Battlecry, sixteenth): "He gave me a great spin for a circuit and a half, but got tired from Becher's second time. He gave me a great thrill for a long way."
Nick Scholfield (Cornish Sett, seventeenth and last): "He got round once again and gave me a great spin and jumped well in the main, but just didn't seem to get the trip this year. He was on his nose once or twice but is so clever."
Graham Lee (Kilbeggan Blade, pulled up before 21st): "Not much happened in the race for me and I pulled up the one before Becher's second time."
Phil Kinsella (Brooklyn Brownie, fell at 2nd): "All sorts of things go through your head as you watch them gallop away from you. He was great down to the first and met it lovely and gave me a lot of confidence, but he didn't meet the second as well and that was that."
Robbie Power (Silver Birch, fell at 22nd): "It is disappointing, he just got a bit too close to Becher's, caught the top and just couldn't get his front end out. But the old lad was travelling really well and jumping for fun and he ran a big race."
Richard Johnson (Parsons Legacy, fell at 22nd): "I wish I hadn't fallen. He was dead right, but it was too far out to tell where we might have finished."
Barry Geraghty (Golden Flight, fell at 1st): "That was a bit of an anti-climax."
Sam Thomas (Eurotrek, pulled up before 17th): "We were never going well and pulled up after the water."
Tom O'Brien (Zabenz, fell at 16th): "We fell at the water. Until then we were going fine."
Paddy Brennan (Knowhere, pulled up before 25th): "All I've got to report is that he was never travelling."
David England (Fundamentalist, pulled up before 21st): "He was good. He ran well and jumped very well, even though he was a big outsider. I pulled him just before Becher's second time, but he's run really well for an old lad."
Noel Fehily (Can't Buy Time, fell at 18th): "He just got in a bit deep. He jumped well up to that point."
Andrew Tinkler (Fleet Street, unseated rider at 18th): "We went a circuit and a bit, then he hit a fence really hard and unseated me. He'd given me a fair ride up to then but we were middle to back and going nowhere."
Sam Waley-Cohen (Ollie Magern, fell at 2nd): "He just got in under it, didn't get high enough, and couldn't get his landing gear down."
Aidan Coleman (Stan, fell at 7th): "He didn't enjoy himself and fell at Foinavon."
Robert Thornton (L'Ami, pulled up before last): "He gave me a great ride, but just didn't get home and I pulled him up."
Derek Laverty (Kelami, pulled up before 22nd): "He gave me a great spin. They went a great gallop early doors and I was handy, but he is an old horse and began to feel the pinch on the second circuit. I noticed three horses disappear at Becher's and thought it best to pull him up. We were someway behind."
Emmet Mullins (Chelsea Harbour, fell at 2nd): "He got his back up too high and came down too steeply. But he is grand and so I am. I am looking forward to next time."
Jason Maguire (Cloudy Lane, unseated at The Chair): "He landed on the fence, but that is the National isn't it? I couldn't have been happier up to that point because he was jumping so well."
Paddy Flood (Himalayan Trail, fell at 1st): "We didn't get very far did we!"
Mark Walsh (Reveillez, brought down at the 3rd): "It was disappointing to (only) get as far as the third, but he is a nice horse."
Philip Carberry (Musica Bella, fell at 12th): "She just got a bit close got her hind legs caught and flipped. She is unlucky, she was jumping quite well up to then."
Tony McCoy was the most experienced rider in the race for the third consecutive year, having taken over from Carl Llewellyn after the 2006 race, though he had previously shared the honour with Mick Fitzgerald and Paul Carberry. McCoy was having his fourteenth ride in the race, joining an exclusive club of just thirteen riders to have reached that landmark, however he also shared the unwanted record with Jeff King of being the only two riders among the thirteen not to have won or been runner-up in any of their fourteen rides.
Eight riders made their Grand National debut, including Liam Treadwell, the twenty-second rider to win at the first attempt and the second in the 21st century. Paul Townend and Philip Enright also completed the course while at the other extreme, Phil Kinsella got no further than the second fence. Emmett Mullins, Mark Walsh, James Revely and Derek Lavery also took their first rides in the race.
References
Grand National runners and riders, BBC Sport, 3 April 2009
2009
Grand National
Grand National
21st century in Merseyside
Grand
April 2009 sports events in the United Kingdom |
60261663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudina%20Pasveer | Rudina Pasveer | Rudina Pasveer (born in the 1960s) is a Dutch former competitive figure skater. She won the 1981 Dutch national title and competed at five ISU Championships.
Career
Pasveer began learning to skate with her sister in Groningen, around 1970. She trained at KunstrijClub Groningen. She finished ninth at the 1977 and 1978 World Junior Championships in Megève, France.
Pasveer's first senior national medal, bronze, came at the 1977 Dutch Championships. She took silver at the next three editions and placed 25th at her first senior ISU Championship, the 1980 World Championships in Dortmund, West Germany.
In 1981, Pasveer became the Dutch national senior ladies' champion. She finished 15th at the 1981 European Championships in Innsbruck, Austria, and 25th at the 1981 World Championships in Hartford, Connecticut, United States.
After ending her amateur career, she competed at four consecutive World Professional Championships in Jaca.
Competitive highlights
Amateur career
Professional career
References
1960s births
Dutch female single skaters
Living people
Sportspeople from Groningen (city)
20th-century Dutch women
21st-century Dutch women |
5815282 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%82gorzata%20Olejnik | Małgorzata Olejnik | Małgorzata Dorota Olejnik (born 3 June 1966 in Kielce) is a Polish politician. She was elected to the Sejm on 25 September 2005, getting 12398 votes in 33 Kielce district, as candidate from the Samoobrona Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej list.
Olejnik, a quadriplegic who uses a wheelchair, is also an accomplished archer and has represented Poland at the Paralympic Games. She won a gold medal at the 1996 games in Atlanta, a silver in 2000 in Sydney, and a bronze in 2004 in Athens. At the 2008 Summer Paralympics in Beijing, she competed in the women's individual recurve standing event. She won her first two matches and lost her third in the semifinal. She advanced to the bronze medal match but lost to Lindsey Carmichael of the United States and finished in fourth place.
See also
Members of Polish Sejm 2005-2007
External links
Małgorzata Olejnik - parliamentary page - includes declarations of interest, voting record, and transcripts of speeches.
1966 births
Living people
People from Kielce
Members of the Polish Sejm 2005–2007
Women members of the Sejm of the Republic of Poland
Self-Defence of the Republic of Poland politicians
Politicians with paraplegia
Polish politicians with disabilities
Polish sportsperson-politicians
Polish female archers
Paralympic archers for Poland
Paralympic gold medalists for Poland
Paralympic silver medalists for Poland
Paralympic bronze medalists for Poland
Paralympic medalists in archery
Archers at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Archers at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Archers at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Archers at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Sportspeople from Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship
Sportspeople from Kielce
21st-century Polish women politicians
Wheelchair users |
6895795 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Untouchables%20of%20Elliot%20Mouse | The Untouchables of Elliot Mouse | The Untouchables of Elliot Mouse is a 1996–1997 26-episode half-hour television animated cartoon series loosely inspired by the real life Eliot Ness, and his group of agents colloquially known as the Untouchables, and their investigation into the real life gangster Al Capone, although (as with past adaptations) it does take some liberties with history. The series also parodies the violent atmosphere of Chicago during the Dry Law, as well as the old American films, their heroes and villains. The main characters in this series are four friendly mice: Elliot "Mouse", Gordon, Mr. Wilson, and Jack the Irishman, although there are also some cats and dogs.
Plot
The citizens of "Cheesecago" are defenceless against "Al Catone's" mobsters until a few brave federal agents from the "Federal Mousehole of Investigation" headed by "Elliot Mouse" dare to take on the gangsters. In spite of their rivalry and continuous fights, they control gambling, shows, races and every business in town. They charge poor people and terrified traders with high taxes; they rob, and kidnap, but their biggest racket is in confiscating cheese and then deal with it illegally so that it fetches very high prices, often causing Cheesecago citizens to get ripped off.
Episode
Cheesecago: City without Law
Moony's Big Haul
The First Raids
The Cheese Trail
Doubles or Nothing
The Informer
A Day at the Races
Ma Wilson
The Perfect Holdup
The Greater the Fall
The Starlette
The Cheesecago Express
Escape from Catatraz
The Trap
The Code of Silence
Like Dog and Cat
The Public Enemy
A Present from Santa Mouse
The Loot goes Flying
The School of Crime
Their Days are Numbered
The Stolen Armstrong
Gems and Diamonds
While the City Sleeps
The Kidnapping
A Matter of Taxes
Special
Happy 20th Anniversary to The Untouchables of Elliot Mouse!
The Untouchables vs Al Catone (Full Movie)
Release
The first 9 episodes were released on DVD in the UK.
In somewhere in late 2013 to early 2014, the complete series of The Untouchables of Elliot Mouse will be released on DVD in the UK.
References
External links
BRB Internacional
1997 Spanish television series debuts
1997 Spanish television series endings
Spanish children's animated television series
Australian Broadcasting Corporation original programming
Animated television series about mice and rats
Films about Al Capone
Chicago in fiction
1990s Spanish television series
1990s animated television series
1990s children's television series
The Untouchables |
12979116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belair%2C%20Florida%20%28disambiguation%29 | Belair, Florida (disambiguation) | Belair, Florida is an unincorporated suburban community of Tallahassee in Leon County.
Belair, Florida, or similar, may also refer to:
Bellair, Florida, an unincorporated suburban community of Jacksonville in Clay County
Bel-Air (Sanford), a neighborhood of Sanford in Seminole County
Belleair, Florida, a town in Pinellas County, Florida
See also
Belleair Beach, Florida in Pinellas County
Belleair Bluffs, Florida in Pinellas County
Belleair Shore, Florida in Pinellas County
Belair (disambiguation)
Bel Air (disambiguation)
Bel-Aire (disambiguation)
Bellair (disambiguation)
Bellaire (disambiguation) |
70780482 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zina%20Solar%20Power%20Station | Zina Solar Power Station | The Zina Solar Power Station is a 26.6 megawatts solar power plant under construction in Burkina Faso. The power station is owned and is being developed by a consortium comprising Amea Power, an independent power producer (IPP), based in the United Arab Emirates and Windiga Energy, an IPP based in Canada. The energy off-taker for this solar farm is Société Nationale d'électricité du Burkina Faso (SONABEL), the Burkinabe national electricity utility company. A 25-year power purchase agreement, governs the terms of the sale of electricity to SONABEL. Financial close for the power station was reached in May 2022.
Location
The power station would occupy a piece of real estate measuring . The solar park is located in the village of Zina, in the Boucle du Mouhoun Region of Burkina Faso, approximately from Ouagadougou, the country's capital city.
Overview
The power station's generation capacity is 26.6 megawatts. Its output is to be sold directly to the government of Burkina Faso for integration into the national electricity grid, under a 25-year power purchase agreement. The solar park will be operated and maintained by Zina Solaire, the special purpose vehicle company (SPV), created by the station developers, to design, fund, build, own, operate and maintain this power station, for the duration of the PPA. It is expected that the power station will provide electricity to 43,000 residents, and will prevent the emission of 13,200 tonnes of carbon dioxide every year.
Developers
The power station developers formed an ad hoc company to develop, own and operate this power station. They named the ad hoc company Zina Solaire. The ownership of the ad hoc company is as illustrated in the table below.
Funding and timeline
The table below outlines the sources of funding for the construction of this power station.
Construction began in May 2022. Commercial commissioning is expected in 2023.
See also
List of power stations in Burkina Faso
Pâ Solar Power Station
References
External links
Zina solar power plant in Burkina Faso reaches financial close As of 11 May 2022.
Solar power stations in Burkina Faso
Boucle du Mouhoun Region |
10177722 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oryctodromeus | Oryctodromeus | Oryctodromeus (meaning "digging runner") was a genus of small orodromine thescelosaurid dinosaur. Fossils are known from the Late Cretaceous Blackleaf Formation of southwestern Montana and the Wayan Formation of southeastern Idaho, USA, both of the Cenomanian stage, roughly 95 million years ago. A member of the small, presumably fast-running herbivorous family Thescelosauridae, Oryctodromeus is the first non-avian dinosaur published that shows evidence of burrowing behavior.
Description
Oryctodromeus was originally described as lacking ossified tendons in the tail. However, specimens from the Wayan Formation demonstrate the presence of a thick tendon lattice in the dorsal, sacral, and caudal columns of some specimens; perhaps indicating more flexibility in ossified tendons than has previously been supposed. Adaptations in the jaws, forelimbs, and pelvis were described in the Blackleaf specimens that could have helped move and manipulate soil.
The authors pointed out that Oryctodromeus had only modest forelimb modifications in comparison to dedicated burrowing animals, like moles, echidnas, and wombats. Instead, it was comparable to, but somewhat more specialized for digging than animals that both run and burrow today, like aardwolves, cavies, hyenas, and rabbits. Because it was a biped, it could have a more modified forelimb without affecting its ability to run.
Discovery
Oryctodromeus is based on specimens from the Blackleaf Formation: MOR 1636a, a partial skeleton of an adult individual including: the premaxillae (upper beak); part of the braincase; three neck, six back, seven hip, and twenty-three tail vertebrae; ribs; the shoulder girdle; an arm (minus the hand); both tibiae and an incomplete fibula; and a metatarsal. Two additional individuals, both juveniles about 55 to 65% the size of MOR 1636a, are represented by MOR 1636b. Numerous additional partial skeletons are known from the Wayan Formation.
Classification
Under a cladistic analysis, Oryctodromeus was found to be basal within Euornithopoda and a close relative of the hypsilophodonts Orodromeus and Zephyrosaurus, which are also known from the Cretaceous of Montana. These two animals share adaptations with Oryctodromeus that may have been used for burrowing, such as a broad snout. Additionally, Orodromeus specimens have been found preserved in a similar way, suggesting that they too were in burrows. This would not be the first time that a hypsilophodont has been suggested as a burrower; Robert Bakker has informally claimed since the 1990s that Drinker, from the late Jurassic of Wyoming, lived in burrows, but this has yet to be published.
Paleobiology
As a basal ornithopod, Oryctodromeus would have been a small, swift herbivore. This aspect, coupled with where it was discovered, gives it its name: Oryctodromeus cubicularis translates as "digging runner of the lair", in reference to its presumed lifestyle. The adult Oryctodromeus itself measured long and would have weighed about 22-32 kilograms (50-70 pounds), and the juveniles would have been about long. The presence of juveniles with the adult suggests parental care, and that at least one motivation for burrowing was to rear the juveniles. The size of the juveniles suggests an extended period of parental care.
Burrowing behavior
The three Oryctodromeus individuals were found buried within the remains of an underground den or burrow that measured about long and wide. The skeletons were densely packed and disarticulated, indicating that the animals died and decayed within the burrow. The burrow is similar to those made by hyenas and puffins today. It was filled with sand, and the resulting sandstone stands out against the surrounding mudstone and claystone.
There are two turns in the preserved burrow section, and smaller secondary sandstone cylinders of various sizes (a few centimeters or inches in cross-section at most) that were probably made by smaller animals sharing the burrow (commensal). The burrow closely fits the probable proportions of the adult dinosaur, another indication that it was the digger.
References
External links
Dinosaur den diggers discovered - BBC
Dinosauriweb about the Oryctodromeus
Full abstract of description
Article about burrowing dinosaurs from The Cambrian Explosion blog
Neornithischians
Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of North America
Fossil taxa described in 2007
Taxa named by Anthony J. Martin
Paleontology in Montana
Paleontology in Idaho
Cenomanian genus first appearances
Cenomanian genus extinctions
Ornithischian genera |
22226262 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Still%20Life%20Still | Still Life Still | Still Life Still is a Canadian indie rock group, formed in 1999, proudly calling East York (Toronto, ONT) home. The band's line-up has undergone many minor changes over the many years, but the core has always consisted of guitarists/vocalists Brendon Saarinen and Eric Young, bassist Derek Paulin, drummer Aaron Romaniuk and his brother, keyboardist/percussionist Josh Romaniuk. In the late 2000's they earned "the next big thing" title according to fans, friends, media, labels, and the industry itself. Not an easy task for 20 somethings struggling with every day life as we all do.
History
The band was formed in 1999 and is made up of a group of friends who grew up together in the Woodbine-Lumsden neighbourhood of East York when its original four members (Romaniuk, Young, Paulin and Saarinen) were in elementary school. The group originally played under the names Unreal and El Mo before finally changing to Still Life Still. After many local gigs, they were discovered by fledgling indie DIY label and studio Mushroom Productions, who heard (via MySpace) and soon after saw their early potential at an NXNE fest in 2005, met with them at that gig and invited them to record and develop. A week later they were in the studio recording and practicing everything they had. Obviously they were ahead of the times, and ahead of the game, being in the "game" for so long already. This led to the first live recording of many of their early, pivotal songs as they learned the behind the scenes of dealing of recording and becoming serious as a band, a commitment to their art. And it's not easy, it takes hard work and dedication. They had the skill from the beginning, the talent, way ahead of their times (being 18-21), writing (especially lyrically and I mean way ahead of the times), connection to one another, and connection with the audience. Destined to be a band that changed the world. Mushroom released 2 full albums of early live recordings, (they jammed everything they had, and it changed everyone's life with the potential and quality, sometimes with 7-9 artists participating) and 2 demo ep's that were released in 2006 and 2007, by Mushroom (although physical copies are rare) with the current line up, featuring Alanna J Brown, who grew up with the band. Soon after, the band was on the radar of the TO scene in a big way, playing NXNE 2007 with 2 critics picks as the show to be at. Dubbed "East York Social Scene". While recording at Mushroom north of the city, both parties connected with the legendary William New of the Drake Underground, who gave them a real opportunity to shine, and a connection that would lead to a rabid fan base. A short time later, Kevin Drew was at a show at the Cameron House to see the band, and they were soon signed to Arts & Crafts. Come 2009 they were headliners for NOW Magazine's NXNE issue after being signed by their dream label. These guys had the talent and connections to be the "next big thing".
Still Life Still signed to Canadian indie rock label Arts & Crafts and began recording with Broken Social Scene's Kevin Drew and Martin Davis Kinack in 2008.
Their first commercial EP, Pastel, was released in June, 2009. Soon after, the band's first full-length album, Girls Come Too, was released in August of that year. All the songs were performed and written by the band members. The lyrics contain explicit sexual references.
The band toured most of North America with The Most Serene Republic and The Hold Steady to promote Girls Come Too and appeared on MTV Canada's MTV Live in the summer of 2009.
In early 2012 their song "Neon Blue" from Girls Come Too was featured in the romantic drama The Vow, which was filmed primarily in the band's hometown of Toronto.
Still Life Still worked on their second full-length studio album, Mourning Trance. The first song from the album, "Burial Suit", was released online by Rolling Stone Magazine on April 25, 2013, followed by the first official single from the album, "In Enemies", on June 3, 2013. Mourning Trance was released on August 20, 2013. They are currently listed by their label as "non-active".
What could have been???
Discography
Live at Mushroom 2006 - 15 tracks
Mushroom Demo One 2006 - 4 tracks
Mushroom Demo Two 2007 - 3 tracks (+ 3 bonus tracks)
High Score live recording 2007 - 20 tracks
Albums
Girls Come Too (2009)
Track listing:
"Danse Cave" - 3:41
"Flowers and a Wreath" - 3:34
"Kid" - 3:23
"Lite Bright Lawns" - 1:23
"Neon Blue" - 3:20
"Pastel" - 3:32
"Planets" - 3:57
"Knives in Cartoons" - 3:15
"T-Shirts" - 2:01
"Scissors Losing Weight" - 3:19
"Wild Bees" - 12:06
Mourning Trance (2013)
EPs
Pastel (2009)
References
External links
Official web site
www.arts-crafts.ca/artists at Arts & Crafts Artist Listing
Blog TO Article - Drummer Aaron Romaniuk talks about signing with Arts & Crafts
Sound track list from The Vow
Musical groups established in 1999
Canadian indie rock groups
Musical groups from Toronto
Arts & Crafts Productions artists
1999 establishments in Ontario |
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