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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dang%20District%2C%20Nepal
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Dang District, Nepal
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Dang District (, ) is the district of Lumbini Province located in the Inner Terai of midwestern Nepal. Deukhuri valley of the district is the capital of the province and is the second largest valley of Asia surrounded by Sivalik Hills and Mahabharata Range. The district headquarter Ghorahi is the seventh largest city and the largest sub-metropolitan city of Nepal. Tulsipur sub-metropolitan city, the second largest city of Dang, is a major transportation hub with an extensive road and air networks. The district covers an area of 2,955 km2 and has a population of 548,141 (2011 census).
Dang district has been archeologically studied extensively since the 20th century due to the discoveries of ancient fossils of apes and early humans. The district is considered the center of Sanskrit language in Nepal and is home to Nepal's second oldest university, Nepal Sanskrit University which is the only Sanskrit university of the country as well as Rapti Academy of Health Sciences (RAHS), the state-owned medical college of Lumbini Province with the Prime Minister of Nepal as the Chancellor. There are numerous temples and gumbas in Dang Deukhuri district with puranic legendary connections to Mahābhārata, Shaivism, Shaktism & Gorakhnath making it one of the richest cultural sites of the country.
History and prehistory
Prehistory
Archeologists consider the Churiya range very ancient with the existence of Sivapithecus (syn:Ramapithecus), a link between man and ape. The pre-historic study of Dang valley has been carried out by Tribhuvan University since 1966, including the geological study of the Valley by Robert M. West from the American Museum of Natural History and the Department of Mines of then His Majesty's Government of Nepal from 1976, as well as the paleolithic study of Dang by University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (Fredrich-Alexander-Universität) of Germany in 1984, among others. According to these concurrent researches, Dang valley was a lake approximately 2.5 to 1 million years ago.
During 1984–86, German researcher Gudrun Corvinus studied the miocene-pliocene stratigraphy and geology of Dang valley researching on the pleistocene holocene period of ancient human settlements. She studied the exposed section of the road being constructed between Koilabas and the Dang Valley running through Deukhuri. Hand axes and other artifacts dated to early Paleolithic (1.8 million to 100,000 years ago) have been found in alluvial deposits along the Babai River in Dang Valley. Archeologists classify these as Acheulean, i.e. 'second-generation' toolmaking that succeeds the very oldest Olduwan.
There are more numerous less ancient archeological sites dating to the Upper Paleolithic/Late Pleistocene (about 50,000 to 10,000 years ago). These are also along the Babai, as well as in Deukhuri Valley (Rapti River) adjacent and south of Dang Valley. Archeologists classify these as Acheulean, i.e. 'second-generation' toolmaking that succeeds the very oldest Olduwan.
Tharus
Since ancient times, Dang valley is considered to have been inhabited by the indigenous Tharu people, albeit the exact timing of origin is still a matter of archeological research Researchers consider that the valley was a growing center of Tharu civilisation. In the current times, Tharu people comprise one of the prominent indigenous ethnic communities of Nepal, and the Tharus inhabiting Dang valley are called Dangaura Tharus who have been able to retain their highly rich unique traditional culture.
Medieval and Modern History
Evidence show that when the Khasa Kingdom was in existence in western Nepal, Dang was virtually under their political domination. One of the document of Punya Malla mentions that the valley was awarded to Jayakar Pundit as a virta in 1336 AD. From 1350 AD onwards, Meghraj Singh Chauhan of Chauhan dynasty is recorded to have been the king of the region as per the records in the Yogi Ratna Nath's Chaughera monastery of Dang valley, the third-in-line of Yogi Gorakhnath.The temple held a strong spiritual importance over the rulers of the valley, even after the change of power to new dynasties as such the internal activities of the temple were almost entirely unaffected for hundreds of years. Nevills Gazetteer of Bahreich (1922:124) mentions that in 1485 AD, Dangdun was in the possession of Udat Singh. Evidence shows that the last independent king Nawal Singh Chauhan ruled from Chaughera of Dang until 1760 AD as the House of Tulsipur which ruled one of the largest Taluqs of Oudh, India, which then included the Dang and Deukhuri Valleys.The town shares its name with another Tulsipur in Dang Deukhuri District, Nepal (c.65k North); the two towns are linked historically by having the same ruler.
In 1760 AD, Gorkhali King Prithvi Narayan Shah annexed the valley into the expanding Gorkha Kingdom. Three years later, Dang (except Tulsipur lands south of the Siwalik Hills) was given as a dowry to the King of Salyan in 1763 AD for the marriage of King Prithvi Narayan Shah's daughter. Around 1808 AD, Dang valley was finally annexed into the Kingdom of Nepal when Salyan state merged with the Unified Nepal of Shah kings.
Since Dang was somewhat higher, hotter, better-drained and therefore less malarial than most Inner Terai valleys in Nepal, it was settled to some extent by Shah and Rana courtiers and other Nepalese. Deukhuri was more of a Tharu enclave until DDT was introduced to control the disease-bearing Anopheles mosquito in the 1950s. Before the construction of Rapti Bridge, Koilabas of Dang Valley was a major trading post with India which was slowly abandoned later. Koilabas has remnants of Persian Mughal Empire- style architecture visible in its ruins even now. Long time ago, Dang used to be the capital of Rapti Zone.
Administration
The district consists of two sub-metropolitan cities and eight municipalities, out of which one is an urban municipality and seven are rural municipalities.The administrative regions are as follows:
Ghorahi Sub-Metropolitan City
Tulsipur Sub-Metropolitan City
Lamahi Municipality
Gadhawa Rural Municipality
Rajpur Rural Municipality
Shantinagar Rural Municipality
Rapti Rural Municipality
Banglachuli Rural Municipality
Dangisharan Rural Municipality
Babai Rural Municipality
Geography and Climate
This district consists of the larger easterly and upstream portions of the parallel Inner Terai valleys of Dang and Deukhuri, plus enclosing ranges of hills and mountains. Downstream, both valleys cross into Banke District.
To the south, the district borders Uttar Pradesh, a state in India, Nepal's neighboring country—specifically the Balarampur and Shravasti districts of Awadh. Because the international border follows the southern edge of the outermost Siwalik foothills called the Dudhwa Range, there is no Outer Terai extending onto the main Ganges Plain inside this district. The permeable geology of the Siwaliks does not support moisture retention or soil development, so they are covered with unproductive scrub forest.
The Dudhwas rise steeply to a crest at about 700 meters, then slope more gradually into the Deukhuri Valley, down to 250 meters elevation at the Rapti River. The Dudhwas extend more than 100 km, causing the Rapti to detour west around them before turning southeast down the main trend of the plains into India. Deukhuri's climate is nearly tropical and it is well watered by the river, as well as possessing abundant groundwater. North of Deukhuri Valley, the Dang Range rises as high as 1,000 meters with passes at about 700 meters. The Dang Valley lies north of these hills, drained by the Babai River tributary to the Ghaghara (Karnali). Valley elevations range from 600 meters along the Babai with alluvial slopes gradually rising northward to 700 meters along the base of the Mahabharat Range. The district then extends upslope to the crest of the Mahabharats at 1,500 to 1,700 meters elevation. The bordering districts to the north are Pyuthan, Rolpa, and Salyan. The Rapti River of Western Nepal traverses through most of the lower Dang valley. It flows beneath the Churia range first on the northern side of the hills and then leaves the hills on the southern side. Nepal's second-longest bridge over Rapti river in Dang district connects Sisahaniya of Rapti Rural Municipality with Mahadeva of Gadawa Rural Municipality in the district.
Demographics
The dry and agriculturally unproductive Dudhwa range creates a buffer zone between the divergent cultures of the plains of Uttar Pradesh and the Inner Terai. Deukhuri was severely malarial before the late 1950s when DDT came into use to suppress mosquitos so that Tharu people who had evolved resistance managed to live in isolation from other cultures of the plains to the south and the hills to the north. Although road development further reduced Deukhuri's isolation by the 1980s, the valley retains some of its Garden of Eden charm with its lazy river, thick jungle alternating with rice paddies, surrounding hills in the middle distance and unique peoples.
Dang Valley is higher, less tropical, drier and less malarial than Deukhuri. Despite poorer soil and more seasonal streamflow, its healthier climate made it more attractive to settlers from outside even before the introduction of DDT. Since the early 1990s activist groups have been attempting to eradicate the practice of child indentured servitude among the Tharu, many of whom sold young daughters to wealthy families in urban areas. This region has a plurality of people of the Tharu ethnicity. The steep, virtually uninhabited southern slopes of the Mahabharat Range are another cultural buffer zone between traditional Tharu lands and the culturally distinct Middle Hills where Nepali is the dominant language, the homeland of dangi Chhetris. The Kumal (potter) ethnic group is also semi-indigenous.
At the time of the 2011 Nepal census, Dang District had a population of 552,583.
As their first language, 66.6% spoke Nepali, 28.3% Tharu, 1.9% Awadhi, 0.9% Kham, 0.9% Magar, 0.5% Hindi, 0.4% Urdu, 0.1% Bhojpuri, 0.1% Maithili, 0.1% Newar and 0.1% other languages as their first language.
Ethnicity/caste: 29.7% were Tharu, 24.8% Chhetri, 13.6% Magar, 10.3% Hill Brahmin, 6.4% Kami, 2.7% Damai/Dholi, 2.3% Sanyasi/Dasnami, 1.9% Sarki, 1.5% Kumal, 1.5% Yadav, 1.2% Thakuri, 0.9% Musalman, 0.8% Newar, 0.3% Badi, 0.3% other Dalit, 0.3% Gurung, 0.3% Halwai, 0.1% Bote, 0.1% Chamar/Harijan/Ram, 0.1% Gaine, 0.1% Kathabaniyan, 0.1% Majhi, 0.1% Tamang, 0.1% other Terai and 0.1% others.
Religion: 96.5% were Hindu, 1.3% Christian, 1.2% Buddhist, 0.9% Muslim, 0.1% Prakriti and 0.1% others.
Literacy: 70.1% could read and write, 2.0% could only read and 27.8% could neither read nor write.
Population by Census 1971-2011
Education
The district has become an emerging educational hub of Nepal in recent years with rise in number of schools, child development centers, resource centers and campuses. New initiatives taken by the rural municipalities and sub-metropolitan cities of the district have aimed at improving the quality of the education - most notably - making of the English language medium compulsory. Ghorahi Sub-Metropolitan City has also initiated to make the pre-primary level fully English medium.
Nepal Sanskrit University (formerly Mahendra Sanskrit University)
Nepal Sanskrit University act was enacted by King Birendra in the advice and consent of Rastriya Panchayat in 1986 "to manage Sanskrit education in Nepal up to the highest mark and to study, research, protect and promote the special achievements received from Sanskrit education in various sectors as per the demand of time and to develop Nepal as a centre of knowledge and inspiration in Sanskrit education upon abiding by the traditional dharma, moral values, propriety and good behavior". As per this, Mahendra Sanskrit University (later renamed Nepal Sanskrit University) was established in Dang which at the time of its commencement was the second university of the country after Tribhuvan University.
Currently, the university offers Intermediate (Uttar Madhyama), Bachelor (Shastri), Bachelor of Education, Masters (Acharya) and Doctoral courses in classical and modern subjects. It offers intermediate in Ayurveda, Bachelors Of Ayurvedic Medicine And Surgery [BAMS] and condensed courses for Ayurvedacharya, as well as yoga training.
Rapti Academy of Health Sciences (RAHS)
Legislature-Parliament unanimously endorsed the ‘Rapti Health Science Academy Bill, 2074’ on 10 October 2017 as per the government's decision to open one state-owned medical college in each province of Nepal. Currently, Rapti Academy of Health Sciences (RAHS) serves as the only state-owned medical college of Lumbini Province with the Prime Minister of Nepal as the Chancellor. In addition to normal medical procedures, the state hold entity is providing Intensive Care Units (ICU), Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU) as well as Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU).
Cultural Heritage
Dang valley has a rich cultural heritage with a cultural combination of an older Tharu civilisation and mix of Hinduism. There are numerous temples and gumbas in Dang Deukhuri district with puranic legendary connections to Mahābhārata, Shaivism, Shaktism & Gorakhnath making it one of the richest cultural sites of the country.Major heritage sites in Dang Deukhuri District include:
Cultural Sites
Ambikeshwari Temple is one of the spiritually important Hindu temple located in Dang district. The temple also known as ‘Maiko Than’ (Mother's Place) and is situated to the north of Ghorahi 3.5 kilometers away on bank of Katuwa Khola. The temple is also a Shaktipeetha, supposed to have emerged due to the falling of right ear of Satidevi according to the Swasthani Purana of Hinduism. This temple is the most popular Shaktipeeth of Dang valley.
Ratnanath (Gorakhnath) Mandir, Chaughera is in Chaughera of Ghorahi sub-metropolitan city. It is one of the major tourist and spiritual place of the Dang District. The temple is the namesake of Yogi Ratna Nath, third-in-line of Yogi Gorakhnath.
The temple held a strong spiritual importance over the rulers of the valley since older times, even after the change of power to new dynasties as such the internal activities of the temple were almost entirely unaffected for hundreds of years.
The legend of the origin of the monastery is tied to the rulers of the valley, as the narration tells us of a king who went hunting in the jungle where he saw a beautiful deer and shot an arrow. The wounded deer went deep into the forest, and the king followed it. Then suddenly, in the middle of the forest, he met a radiant ascetic, seated in a deep state of meditation with arrow in front of him. The king understood his mistake and apologized. The Siddha forgave him and granted him a boon through yogic power to reign over the Dang Valley. The yogi was Ratannath, the disciple of Yogi Gorakhnath and he took the arrow and gave it to the king, saying "as long as you keep the arrow, you will keep your kingdom firm." The king then started to worship Ratannath, and since then the king's lineage continued the worship and kept the arrow for six months. The other six months the Yogis worshipped the arrow and the king had to give them half of the revenue that he got from his kingdom" (summarized from Narharinath 2022: 516)
Dharapani Temple is situated in the Dharna municipality-01 of the district at the base of chure range, south of Babai river about 9 kilometer drive from the center of Ghorahi. The temple is believed to have been in the ancient site where the five Pandavas brother sat and chanted prayers to Shiva during their journey to Uttarapantha (Himalayas).
The temple has the world's largest Trishula and is one of the major tourist destination of the valley. In recent years, the temple has become an important visiting site for Hindu devotees as well as for prominent personalities such as the President of Nepal, police chiefs, chief justices and ministers.
Barhakune Daha (Baraha Chhetra), also known as Baraha Chhetra, is situated 3 km North from Ghorahi sub-metropolitan city. The region is dedicated to the Hindu God Vishnu and is widely worshipped during Makar Sankranti festival. The name comes from a pond around the temple which has twelve "bara" (in Nepali) corners.
Chameri cave is situated at the slopes of the Mahabharat range and is also known locally as "Siddha" cave thought to have been used by saints for penance in the valley. There has also been archeological interest in the cave due to the possibility of it being used by pre-historic humans. The cave is 4 storey tall with a spacious ground hall which can accommodate almost a thousand people in its space. Chameri cave holds archeological importance and various preliminary observations are being carried out or further research.
Other Prominent Sites
Jakhera Lake meaning "rain-water collection" is a lake located at Lamai Municipality-5 of Dang, about 35 kilometers far from Ghorahi and two temples dedicated to Ganesh and Siddeswor Mahadev around the lake. The lake is a major tourist attraction in the district and also provides spot for picnic and sight-seeing.
The lake lies in the base of Chure hills and is 6 feet deep with a span of 12 hectares.
Further prominent sites of the valley include:
Sawarikot
Ghordaura
Chhilli kot, Chhilli Kot Gupha, Chameri Gupha
Devikot
Hanuman Temple
Kalimai Temple, Kalika Temple
Kulpani Mandir
Malika Temple, Mulkot Cave
Ram Janaki Temple
Sirasthan, Srigaun Temple, Sukaura Mound
Bagar Baba mandir, Rihar
Taptakunda Shivalaya, Mamisauri mandir, Rihar
Shiva Mandir, Dhankhola
Shiva Cave, Dhankhola
Mata Malmala Devi, Malmala, Gadawa-1
Tuhi valley
Suikot Temple
Devisthan Mandir [Pawannagar, Bhamake]
Kalika mandir
Jakhera Tal Temple
Transportation
East West Highway —the main east–west highway across Nepal— follows Deukhuri Valley, passing Kalakate and Bhalubang bazar at the upper end and Lamahi downstream. From Bhalubang, branch roads lead up the Rapti River into Pyuthan and Rolpa Districts. From Lamahi there are roads north across the Dang Range to Ghorahi, and south over the Dudhwas to Koilabas, which used to be an international trade centre earlier. The East West highway which passes through the Lamahi joints the Banke district leading Kohalpur. Roads from Ghorahi lead to Rolpa district and the Swargadwari pilgrimage site. From Tulsipur a motorable road goes north into Salyan District. Nepal's second-longest bridge over Rapti river in Dang district connects Sisahaniya of Rapti Rural Municipality with Mahadeva of Gadawa Rural Municipality in the district.
At Tarigaun, Dang Airport (IATA: DNP, ICAO: VNDG) has daily scheduled connection to Kathmandu in Nepal.
Former Village Development Committees
Prior to the restructuring of the district, Dang District consisted of the following municipalities and Village development committees:
Amritpur
Baghmare
Bela
Bijauri
Chailahi
Dhanauri
Dharna
Dhikpur
Diruwa
Gangapraspur
Gobardiya
Halwar
Hansipur
Hapur
Hekuli
Kabhre
Koilabas
Lalmitiya
Laxmipur
Loharpani
Manpur
Narayanpur
Panchakule
Pawan Nagar
Phulbari
Purandhara
Rampur
Saidha
Satbariya
Saudiyar
Shreegaun
Sisahaniya
Sonpur
Syuja
Tarigaun
Urahari
Maps
Ministry of Federal Affairs and Local Development has downloadable district maps based on a detailed and comprehensive GIS database:
VDC boundaries
Land use
Rivers, streams, ponds
Motor roads and foot trails
Besides the United Nations/Nepal map of districts and VDCs shown above, their Map Centre has a downloadable PDF version adding municipalities, roads and water detail.
From 1992 to 2002 a definitive series of large scale topographic maps were surveyed and published through a joint project by Government of Nepal Survey Department and Finland's Ministry for Foreign Affairs contracting through the FinnMap consulting firm. Japan International Cooperation Agency substituted for FinnMap mainly in Lumbini Zone with one sheet showing the easternmost part of Dang-Deukhuri.
Topographic sheets at 1:25,000 scale covering 7.5 minutes latitude and longitude map the Terai and Middle Mountains including all of this district. JPG scans can be downloaded here:
These sheets cover Dang Deukhuri District:
2782 1B Amiliya (2005)
2782 1D Sunpathari Naka (1997)
2782 2A Rihar (1998)
2782 2B Satbariya (1998)
2782 2C, 6A Jangrahawa Mahatiniya (1998)
2782 2D Bela (1998)
2782 3A Atthaise (1998)
2782 3B Hasipur (1998)
2782 3C Lamahi (2005)
2782 3D Lalmatiya (2005)
2782 4A Bangesal (1997)
2782 4C Bhaluban (1997)
2782 6B Siriya Naka (1998)
2782 7A Koilabas (2005)
2782 7B Jawabairath (1999)
2882 9D Shitalpati (1998)
2882 13A Hamsapur (1998)
2882 13B Panchakule (1998)
2882 13C Bairiya Kusum (2005)
2882 13D Hekuli (1998)
2882 14A Tulsipur (1999)
2882 14B Dubrin (1999)
2882 14C Bijauri (1999)
2882 14D Ghorahi (1998)
2882 15A Holeri (1999)
2882 15C Bach Pokhara (1998)
2882 15D Swargadwari (1999)
(JICA) 097-11 Shiwagadhi (1993)
References
External links
Districts of Nepal established during Rana regime or before
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christ%20Church%20Cathedral%20%28Fredericton%29
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Christ Church Cathedral (Fredericton)
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Christ Church Cathedral is the cathedral church of the Anglican Diocese of Fredericton. It is located in Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada. Construction of the cathedral began in 1845 and it was consecrated in 1853. The Gothic Revival cathedral is modelled after St. Mary's Church, Snettisham, Norfolk.
History
Origin
The Anglican diocese of Fredericton was established in 1845, with John Medley as its first bishop. Medley was a Tractarian and a proponent of Gothic Revival architecture. As a clergyman in the Diocese of Exeter he had supervised the restoration and building of several churches according to the Gothic Revival principles of the Eccelesiological Society, and had been the founder and secretary of the Exeter Ecclesiological Society. Ecclesiology held that new church buildings should imitate those of the 13th and 14th century Decorated Gothic period, which displayed three essential characteristics lacking in Fredericton's existing wooden parish church: "reality", which meant that the building's structural elements such as rafters must be visible; a large chancel clearly separate from the congregation; and open bench seats rather than box pews.
Medley chose the 14th century St. Mary's Church in Snettisham, Norfolk as the model for the new Fredericton cathedral. Before leaving England, Medley hired the Exeter architect Frank Wills to visit St. Mary's and make detailed plans, which Medley had with him when he arrived in Fredericton on 10 June 1845.
The Ecclesiological Society's newsletter, The Ecclesiologist, took issue with Medley's choice of St. Mary's, "though magnificent as a parish church", as his model. A principal objection was that the choir roof was lower than that of the nave, which was not considered appropriate for a cathedral. In the course of construction, the roof heights were equalized, and other modifications were made either for economic reasons or because of the limited skills of local artisans. However, Medley consistently followed the ecclesiological practice of finding authority for all the architectural details in one or another existing English Gothic church.
Construction (1845-1853)
Upon his consecration as Bishop of Fredericton in May 1845, the Exeter Diocesan Architectural Society gave Medley £1,500 toward the building of the cathedral, and a public meeting in Fredericton on June 23 raised a further £3,100. Medley chose a site beside the Saint John River, near the existing parish church, and was given by the landowner. Site preparation work began in August, and the cornerstone was laid by Lieutenant Governor William Colebrooke on 15 October 1845.
Frank Wills, who had followed Medley to Canada, supervised the work on the cathedral. He also designed and oversaw the building of St. Anne's Chapel of Ease, which Medley had built in order to hold services while the cathedral was under construction. St. Anne's Chapel of ease was Constructed in eight months between 1846 and 1847.
The cathedral's nave and aisle walls were completed by the end of 1847, but further work was delayed by lack of funds. Bishop Medley returned to England for several months in 1848 to raise more money and to consult with the Ecclesiological Society about how to proceed, since Frank Wills had left Fredericton in early 1848 to set up an architectural practice in New York City. On the recommendation of the Ecclesiological Society, the British architect William Butterfield designed a choir and tower, and Medley succeeded in raising a further £2,000. The choir and tower were completed in 1849, Medley having changed Butterfield's design to make the choir longer and the tower higher. In 1851 Medley visited the United States and England, raising more funds and receiving donations of cathedral furnishings.
Medley himself designed the cathedral's spire, which was erected in 1851. It was a simple broach spire built of wood and covered in zinc. Medley intended the tower to be tall but because of doubts about the strength of the cathedral's foundation it was built shorter.
The clock in the cathedral is an exact copy of Big Ben in London. The clock dial is in the cathedral above the choir. It measures four feet in diameter. The literal clock mechanism is just above, in the tower. It was designed by Dent of London, UK and was built in 1853, later being installed in 1854. The clock still needs to be hand wound. It is currently wound by three different people on a monthly basis. The weights that drive the clock measure approximately 454 kg or 1,000 lbs and 136 kg or 300 lbs separately. A narrow spiral staircase of 51 steps must be climbed to access the room housing the clock and bell mechanisms. Then a very narrow wooden latter must be climbed to reach the 15 bells. The hour strike of the clock no longer rings. It was stopped in 2007 due to noise complaints from neighbours. However, the chimes still ring the Westminster chime to mark the quarter hours.
The 15 bells, are played by means of compressed air. The small manual sits in a closet behind the organ console. A switch under the manual turns on the air compressor in the tower. After approximately 10 to 15 seconds the bells may be played. When a key is pushed, an electronic flap opens, releasing a shot of compressed air into the chamber underneath the bell cable and eventually pulling the clapper of the bell to ring it. The bells are stationary. The clapper inside the bell is pulled over to one side of the bell and is moved just slightly to ring it. The system is called a chime of bells. As of August 2019, only four other churches in Canada use the same method of ringing their bells. One of those churches is Trinity Anglican Church in Saint John, New Brunswick.
Most of the cathedral's stained glass windows were installed between 1850 and 1852. The east window is by William Wailes. Its tracery is a copy of that in the east window of Selby Abbey, and its seven panels depict Christ and six of his apostles. It was jointly donated by Wailes and by New York City's Trinity Episcopal Church.
The west window, by William Warrington, is a "virtual likeness" of the west window of St. Mary's, Snettisham, which Warrington had restored in 1846. The Beer studio of Exeter supplied the aisle windows, most of which are also copies of those at Snettisham.
The clerestory windows are copies of those at Exeter Cathedral. On either side of the west window, sit two smaller windows. They were installed in 1879 and are the only two windows in the cathedral made with gold dust. The final window installed in the cathedral was installed in 1908 and sits in the choir vestry. It has a similar design to a 14th-century church stained glass window.
Fire and restoration (1911-1912)
The cathedral was struck by lightning on 3 July 1911, causing a fire that completely destroyed the spire. The cathedral's eight bells melted and the organ and much of the furniture, which had been designed by William Butterfield, were destroyed. During the restoration the foundation was reinforced and the spire was rebuilt to the height of as Medley had intended. The financier James Hamet Dunn replaced the bells, and added seven more. 2500 new organ pipes were installed in the north transept in 1912. The cathedral was rededicated on 24 August 1912. Of note, the only aspect of the tower saved, was the clock. Erected by Dent Co. of London, UK in 1853.
1990s restoration and 2006 fire
In the 1990s the cathedral underwent a $2.5 million restoration consisting of refacing its stonework, repointing tracery, cleaning its woodwork, refinishing of pews and shoring up the masonry on the east end. The copper plating and a new cross were installed on the spire in 1995.
A fire in the bell tower on 6 August 2006 activated the sprinkler system, causing water damage to the choir area. Complete repairs took several months, during which the cathedral was closed.
National Historic Site of Canada
The cathedral was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1983. According to the Historic Sites and Monuments Board it is "one of the best examples of ecclesiological Gothic Revival architecture in Canada and it established an architectural pattern followed in the design of many large and small churches in 19th-century Canada".
Music
The four-manual Casavant Frères organ console was built in 1957 and renovated in 1981. It replaced an instrument which was built in 1912 after the fire. The console is identified as Opus 2399.
There are two choirs: an adult choir which provides music for the principal Sunday worship and monthly evensong; and a contemporary choir and band which sings at the Sunday morning (informal) contemporary worship.
J. Thomas D. Gonder is the current organist and director of music.
Governance
The cathedral has a congregation, which acts in many ways like a parish, but it does not exist within the diocese as a parish. Christ Church Cathedral, Fredericton is the only Cathedral in Canada that is not itself a parish. A cathedral by-law defines the operation of the corporation and its governance. While it exists within the geographical boundary of the Parish of Fredericton, parish lands of downtown Fredericton belong to the Corporation of the Parish of Fredericton (Christ Church (Parish) Church and St. Anne's Chapel). St. Anne's is the former Chapel of Ease constructed by Bishop Medley upon the demolition of the original parish church on the present cathedral site. As a community, the cathedral is governed by the "Bishop and Chapter" whose function is similar to a parish corporation (incumbent, church wardens and vestry) and that of the usual "chapter" of other cathedrals. There are congregational representatives on bishop and chapter elected by the congregation along with other members appointed by the bishop of Fredericton.
Clergy
The dean and incumbent is the only stipendiary cleric currently associated with the cathedral. Several members of staff assist the dean in its ministry. including the director of music (half-time), office administrator (four-fifths-time), director of Christian formation (half-time), parish nurse (half-time), sexton (full-time), verger (by honorarium), and Vocational Deacon (non-stipendary). There are several retired clergy who serve as honorary assistants.
The canons of the cathedral chapter typically do not have a liturgical or governance role at the cathedral, unlike other foundations. In the Diocese of Fredericton, these positions are largely honorary rather than collegiate to the cathedral itself.
The first dean of Fredericton was Francis Partridge. The incumbent is Geoffrey M. Hall, formerly diocesan archdeacon and executive assistant to Claude W. Miller, ninth bishop of Fredericton.
Deans of Fredericton
Geoffrey M. Hall
Keith R. Joyce
William J. Hockin
John vanNostrand Wright
Donald W. Noseworthy
H. Rhodes Cooper
Harold L. Nutter
W. H. Moorhead
J. F. H. Holmes
Scovil Neales
Charles D. Schofield
Francis Partridge
References
External links
Christ Church Cathedral, Fredericton website
Anglican cathedrals in Canada
Anglican church buildings in New Brunswick
Buildings and structures in Fredericton
National Historic Sites in New Brunswick
19th-century Anglican church buildings in Canada
Churches completed in 1853
Gothic Revival church buildings in Canada
Tourist attractions in Fredericton
Churches on the National Historic Sites of Canada register
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco%20Diego%20Maciel
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Francisco Diego Maciel
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Francisco Diego Maciel (born September 17, 1977 in Buenos Aires) is a retired Argentine footballer who played as a right back.
Maciel made his debut in the Argentine Primera with Deportivo Español on December 8, 1996 against Rosario Central. In 1998, he was signed by Club Almagro, where he played for the next three years. Subsequently, his solid performance bought him a transferred to Racing Club. In his first spell with Racing the club won the Clausura 2001, the first title for the club in 35 years. In 2002 Maciel moved to Spain and spent some time playing for Real Murcia and RCD Mallorca. In 2006, he returned to Argentina and got signed by Racing. His second spell with the academia lasted until late 2007. The following year he transferred to Club Atlético Huracán, but since his arrival he was condemned to the bench, making only a single appearance for Huracán. After he left the club, he was inactive for seven months, until he got an offer from Bolivian side Bolívar for which he signed in July 2009.
Club titles
External links
Argentine Primera statistics
Francisco Maciel at Football Lineups
1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Buenos Aires
Argentine men's footballers
Argentine people of Spanish descent
Men's association football defenders
Deportivo Español footballers
Club Almagro players
Racing Club de Avellaneda footballers
La Liga players
RCD Mallorca players
Real Murcia CF players
Club Atlético Huracán footballers
Club Bolívar players
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Expatriate men's footballers in Bolivia
Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Bolivia
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3051970
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hywel%20the%20Great
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Hywel the Great
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King Hoel (, "Hoel the Great"; ), also known as Sir Howel, Saint Hywel and Hywel the Great, was a late 5th- and early 6th-century member of the ruling dynasty of Cornouaille. He may have ruled Cornouaille jointly after the restoration of his father, Budic II of Brittany, but he seems to have predeceased his father and left his young son, Tewdwr, as Budic's heir.
Hywel appears in Welsh mythology and the Matter of Britain as a "king of Brittany". A relative of Arthur, he was one of his most loyal allies (or, sometimes, a Knight of the Round Table) and was said to have helped him conquer "Gaul" (northern France).
Life
The historical Hywel was the son of Budic II, king of Cornouaille in northwest Brittany. For all or most of his childhood, a usurping cousin ruled in Budic's place and the family resided in exile with Aergol Lawhir, king of Dyfed in sub-Roman Britain. He was credited with the foundation of Llanhowell (now in Llanrhian) during this time and, as "Saint Hywel", was revered by a local cult as its patron saint. The family was eventually restored to their home in Cornouaille, where Hywel may have ruled jointly with his father. He died shortly before he would have inherited the throne, however, and Budic's attempts to enlist his neighbour Macliau's support for the succession of Hywel's son Tewdwr ended badly. After Budic's death, Macliau invaded and the boy was forced into exile in Penwith.
Legend
While early Welsh sources say he was the son of Budic II, in later legend he evolves into the son of Emyr Llydaw and sometimes also the father of Tudwal by Saint Pompeia of Langoat. David Nash Ford was of the opinion that Emyr Llydaw was a title of Budic's—"emperor of Brittany"—eventually mistaken for a name in its own right.
As a son of Budic, he was recorded as a nephew of Arthur. He was said to have visited Arthur's court during his early exile and to have returned to help Arthur against the Saxons after the family's restoration in Brittany. Landing at Southampton, his army was credited with assisting Arthur at the Battle of Dubglas, the Siege of Caer Ebrauc (i.e. York), and the Battle of Cat Celidon Coit. It was then bottled up and besieged in turn at Dumbarton Castle ("Caer-Brithon"). Hoel was also said to have been at the Battle of Badon before conquering France for Arthur, who then moved his court to Paris. Finally returning to Brittany, he was aided by Tristram of Lyonesse in suppressing a civil war.
Hywel was eventually turned into "Sir Howel" of the Round Table. He appears thus in medieval Welsh sources like The Dream of Rhonabwy, Geraint and Enid, and Peredur son of Efrawg.
A conflation of the two appears prominently in Geoffrey of Monmouth's pseudohistorical Historia Regum Britanniae, where Hywel comes from Brittany to help suppress the revolts which arise after Arthur's coronation. A respected ruler and capable general, his relationship with Arthur is uncertain: he first appears as the son of Budic II of Brittany who married a sister of Ambrosius Aurelianus and Uther Pendragon, making him Arthur's first cousin, but appears later as the son of Budic and Arthur's sister Anna, making him Arthur's nephew. (This confusion reappears in Wace and Layamon but most later sources make him Arthur's "cousin".) In Geoffrey, Hywel's niece is raped and killed by the Giant of Mont Saint-Michel; Arthur sets off to slay him with Sir Kay and Bedivere. Arthur returns to fight his traitorous nephew Mordred and leaves Hywel in charge of "Gaul". Hywel later joins the Round Table and leaves his nephew Joseph in charge of his kingdom.
Hywel was later attached to the Tristan and Iseult legend by such poets as Béroul and Thomas of Britain. In these stories, Hywel is duke of Brittany and the father of Tristan's unloved wife, Iseult. Hywel takes Tristan in when the young knight has been banished from the kingdom of king Mark of Cornwall, and Tristan later helps him in battle and becomes fast friends with his son Kahedin and his daughter Iseult. Tristan convinces himself to marry this second Iseult, mostly because she shares the name of his first love, Iseult of Ireland. In early versions of the story, Tristan remains in Hywel's land until he dies of poison minutes before Iseult of Ireland, a great healer, arrives to cure him. The Prose Tristan has the hero returning to Britain and to his first love, never to see his wife again. This version was followed by the Post-Vulgate Cycle and by Thomas Malory's Death of Arthur.
Legacy
Llanhowell in Llanrhian, Pembrokeshire, Wales, is named in his honour. Llanllowell in Monmouthshire originally was as well, although it is now considered dedicated to Saint Llywel. The present parish church at Llanhowell () was largely refurbished in the 1890s but includes sections dating as early as the 12th century. It is listed as a Grade II* protected building.
See also
Armorica
References
Breton mythology and folklore
Knights of the Round Table
Monarchs of Brittany
Arthurian characters
Tristan and Iseult
Welsh mythology
Medieval Welsh saints
6th-century Christian saints
Medieval Breton saints
5th-century Breton people
6th-century Breton people
an:Choel
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35243000
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yazan%2C%20Qazvin
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Yazan, Qazvin
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Yazan () is a village in Ramand-e Jonubi Rural District, Ramand District, Buin Zahra County, Qazvin Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 221, in 56 families.
References
Populated places in Buin Zahra County
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3863860
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voro%20language%20%28Adamawa%29
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Voro language (Adamawa)
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Voro (Vɔrɔ, Bena, Buna, Ebina, Ebuna, Woro, Yungur) is an Adamawa language of Nigeria.
References
Languages of Nigeria
Bambukic languages
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56253911
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3YOURMIND
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3YOURMIND
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3YOURMIND is a Berlin-based 3D printing software company, founded by Aleksander Ciszek and Stephan Kuehr. The company was launched in 2014.
Overview
The company is a spin-off of the Technical University of Berlin. The online e-commerce and Enterprise platforms of the company were launched in 2015. The company provides integrations to 3D printing directly from 15 CAD software programs. 3YOURMIND developed the AM Part Identifier(AMPI) system with advising from Electro-Optical Systems (EOS) to evaluate a company's entire part inventory and identifies the parts that are suitable for 3D printing.
Activities
The company was a founding partner of the Additive Manufacturing Forum event in Berlin in 2017.
Achievements
3YOURMIND received the German Innovation Award in 2016, which made them the member of the German Accelerator Program in Silicon Valley.
The company won first prize in FormNext 2016 which was powered by TCT Startup Challenge.
Funding
The company raised its seed investment round in 2015, led by AM Ventures.
The company raised $12 million in the Series A investment round in 2017.
See also
3D Printing Process
References
3D printer companies
3D printing
Companies based in Berlin
Technology companies established in 2014
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2410910
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20de%20Lalande
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Jean de Lalande
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Jean de Lalande, SJ (died October 19, 1646) was a Jesuit missionary at Sainte-Marie among the Hurons and one of the eight North American Martyrs. He was killed at the Mohawk village of Ossernenon after being captured by warriors.
Life
Jean de Lalande was a native of Dieppe, Normandy. He arrived in New France at the age of nineteen to serve with the Jesuits in New France as a donné, a lay brother. In late September 1646, Lalande was a member of a party led by Jesuit Isaac Jogues as an envoy to the Mohawk lands to protect the precarious peace of the time. However, Mohawk attitudes towards this peace had soured during the men's journey, and a Mohawk party attacked them en route.
They were taken to the Mohawk village of Ossernenon (9 miles/14 km west of the current site of Auriesville, New York). The moderate Turtle and Wolf clans ruled they should be set free but, angered by this, members of the Bear clan killed Jogues on October 18. The next day, they killed Lalande when he attempted to recover the body of Father Jogues from the path of the village.
Jean de Lalande was beatified by Pope Pius XI on June 21, 1925, and canonized on June 29, 1930. His feast day is October 19 in the US and September 26th in Canada.
Legacy
At Fordham University's Rose Hill Campus in the Bronx, New York, a freshman dormitory—Martyrs' Court—has three sections, which are named for the three U.S. martyr-saints: John LaLande, René Goupil, and Isaac Jogues.
Jean de Lalande is the patron saint of the Saint John LaLande Catholic Parish in Blue Springs, Missouri. A seven-foot-tall limestone statue of St. John LaLande, carved by Fritz Carpenter of the Stefan Mittler Monument Company in Madison, Wisconsin, stands outside the church. A second wooden statue depicting Jean LaLande dressed in buckskin was commissioned from Studio Demetz in Ortisei, Italy, and dedicated on May 18, 2013, in honor of the parish's seventy-fifth anniversary.
Jean de Lalande also has special meaning to the Catholic youth camp Camp Ondessonk, which honors the North American martyrs and their Native American friends.
See also
Catholic Church in the USA#American Catholic Servants of God, Venerables, Beatified, and Saints
References
External links
St. John Lalande Library St. Jean de Lalande Archives
Camp Ondessonk,
"Statue of St. John LaLande, Blue Springs, Missouri
Jesuit saints
American Roman Catholic saints
French Roman Catholic missionaries
French Roman Catholic saints
17th-century French Jesuits
Jesuit martyrs
17th-century Christian saints
17th-century Roman Catholic martyrs
Year of birth unknown
1646 deaths
Jesuit missionaries in New France
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veljko%20Petrovi%C4%87%20%28poet%29
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Veljko Petrović (poet)
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Veljko Petrović (Serbian Cyrillic: Вељко Петровић; Sombor, Serbia, 4 February 1884 - Belgrade, Serbia, Yugoslavia, 27 July 1967) was a Serbian poet, short story writer, diplomat, and academic.
Biography
Veljko Petrović was born in Sombor, Vojvodina, then part of Austria-Hungary, on 4 February 1884. His father George was a catechist from Sombor who became a monk after his wife's sudden death, taking the name of Gerasim in a monastery in 1891, and later went on to teach at the well-known seminary, Clerical Grande école of Saint Arsenije in Sremski Karlovci. Veljko's mother Mileva was the daughter of the Sombor parish priest Jovan Momirović. His mother died a few weeks after giving birth. Veljko Petrović had two older sisters, Vida and Andja, and a brother, Milivoj. He finished high school in his native Sombor.
In 1902 he arrived in Budapest where he studied law. At the same time, he was a cadet of the first Serbian college, the Sava Tekelija Institute, better known as the Tekelijanum in Pest, and graduated in 1908 at the same time as his schoolmate Milenko Petrović.
As a young man, Petrović wrote about the pronounced apathy of the Serbian youth and people in Sombor, which he said he vegetates and knows little about Serbs from other parts, as well as that they prefer to speak Hungarian en masse.
During the Great War, he was among the many Serbian soldiers who crossed the Albanian mountains in late 1915 and early 1916 during heavy winter storms on their retreat to Corfu. In 1916, after arriving from Corfu to Salonika, he published the patriotic poem "Serbia" on the front page of the American Srbobran.
Between the two wars, Veljko Petrović was active in the diplomatic service, and cultural and educational affairs. In 1918 he was elected a member of the Yugoslav Committee. At that time, Veljko hoped to be appointed ambassador to Budapest, but instead in 1919 he was appointed a clerk in the department of the Ministry of education for Bačka, Banat and Baranja in Novi Sad. Veljko Petrović was a mason and his rise in public and cultural-artistic life was undoubtedly supported from that milieu. He led many organizations, boards, associations, and was a keynote speaker who directed cultural trends. The following year, 1920, he was transferred to the Ministry of Education in Belgrade. Between 1921 and 1923, he was the head of the Cabinet of Ministers, then he was appointed a clerk in the Art Department, and from December 1924 he became an inspector in the same Ministry. Later, Petrović was promoted and was the head of the Ministry of Education for many years (1927).
Veljko Petrović became vice-president of the Belgrade PEN Club in 1928. In 1929, with the help of Miloš Crnjanski, then a member of the press bureau at the Embassy of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia in Berlin, Veljko Petrović stayed in the German capital, where he met leading figures in German cultural life.
In February 1936, the former corresponding member of the Serbian Royal Academy, Veljko Petrović, a writer, was elected a regular member. There was a Writers' Association in Belgrade in 1925, whose president was Petrović at the time. In Belgrade, a new association of writers was initiated by the Belgrade Center of the Pen Club. The first assembly of the Writers' Association was held in March 1937 in the hall of the Belgrade cafe "Kod dva jelena". Veljko Petrović was elected president at that stormy gathering, in front of about forty writers present. In January 1938, he was appointed program director of the Belgrade Radio Station.
Works
1902: Rodoljubive pesme (Patriotic Poems);
1909: Bunja
1912: Na pragu (On the Threshold);
1921: Bunja i drugi iz Ravnagrad (Bunja and Others from Ravangrad);
1921: Varljivo Proleće (Deceptive Spring)
1922: Poverenje savesti (Demented Consciences)
1922: Tri pripovetke (Three Tales);
1924: Iskušenja (Temptations);
1925: Priče (Tales)
1932: Izdanci iz zapaljena grma (Shoots from a Burning Stump);
1948: Prepelica u ruci (A Quail in the hand);
1964: Dah života (Breath of Life).
References
Translated and adapted from Serbian Wikipedia: https://sr.wikipedia.org/sr-ec/%D0%92%D0%B5%D1%99%D0%BA%D0%BE_%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%9B_(%D0%BA%D1%9A%D0%B8%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA)
Serbian poets
1884 births
1967 deaths
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22097482
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Carney%20%28playwright%29
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Frank Carney (playwright)
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Frank Carney, (1902–1978) was an Irish playwright.
Born in Westport, County Mayo, he was educated at schools in Tuam and later at Galway University. He was a civil servant for a number of years in the Old Age Pensions Department, which gave him an opportunity of observing Irish rural life at close quarters. He had a career with the Abbey Theatre, Dublin from 1936 to 1938. A number of his plays were staged at the Abbey Theatre, including They Went By Bus (1939), Peeping Tom (1940) and The Righteous are Bold (1946). He was also cast in many productions at the Abbey Theatre and for a time in 1936 he was stage manager with the Peacock Theatre. One of his performances was in a play by Irish playwright Teresa Deevy called The Wild Goose where he played the part of Father Ryan. There were six performances in this production.
Plays
Bolt from the Blue, a comedy in three acts; adapted from the novel Friday's Well.
They went by the Bus, 1939.
Peeping Tom, 1940.
The House of Cards, 1942.
The Doctor's Boy, 1942.
The Righteous are Bold, 1946.
Siul Barr Cnoic, 1959.
References
External links
Frank Carney at the Abbey Theatre Archive
Frank Carney at the Teresa Deevy Archive
1902 births
1978 deaths
Writers from County Galway
People from Westport, County Mayo
20th-century Irish dramatists and playwrights
20th-century male writers
Irish male dramatists and playwrights
Writers from County Mayo
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38676472
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opera%20House%2C%20Royal%20Tunbridge%20Wells
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Opera House, Royal Tunbridge Wells
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The Opera House is a former opera house and current pub in Royal Tunbridge Wells, Kent, England. It is a Grade II listed building.
History
Construction was completed in 1902 to designs by architect John Briggs. When it was opened, it had a capacity of 1,100. In 1913, the Opera House hosted a series of charity fundraising concerts gather funds to rebuild the Nevill Ground's cricket pavilion after the original pavilion was destroyed in a suffragette arson attack. The Opera House was purchased by Union Cinemas in 1931 and turned into a cinema.
The Opera House was bombed in the Second World War. The bomb did not explode but instead got caught in the proscenium arch above the stage and set fire to the inside of the Opera House, leading to a renovation before eventual re-opening in 1949. It was later turned into a bingo hall in the 1960s after threats to demolish it. In November 1966, the Opera House was granted Grade II listed status.
In 1996, the Opera House was purchased by J D Wetherspoon and was turned into a public house. In 2006, the Opera House again hosted an opera performance, of Handel's Tamerlano. More recently there have been annual performances by Kent-based ‘The Merry Opera Company’ with Troy Boy, La traviata, The Magic Flute, Kiss Me, Figaro!, The Barber of Seville, and in 2016, La Boheme.
Design
The interior was designed in Edwardian Baroque and Neo-Georgian styles. The exterior includes a Baroque dome on the roof. The dome originally had a nude statue of Mercury on the top, which was removed in the 1920s, either because it was unstable in poor weather or was viewed as sinful by local residents. In 1923, the main staircase was altered to include an 18th-century painting of revelers.
References
External links
J D Wetherspoon's information about The Opera House
Buildings and structures in Royal Tunbridge Wells
Opera houses in England
Grade II listed buildings in Kent
Grade II listed pubs in Kent
Georgian architecture in England
Edwardian architecture
Domes
Theatres completed in 1902
Music venues completed in 1902
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59632935
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle%20registration%20plates%20of%20the%20United%20States%20for%201920
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Vehicle registration plates of the United States for 1920
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Each of the 48 states of the United States of America plus several of its territories and the District of Columbia issued individual passenger license plates for 1920.
Passenger baseplates
Non-passenger plates
See also
Antique vehicle registration
Electronic license plate
Motor vehicle registration
Vehicle license
References
External links
1920 in the United States
1920
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32907226
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheval%20Gauvin
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Cheval Gauvin
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The Cheval Gauvin (French: Gauvin horse) is a legendary evil horse of Franche-Comté, France and the Jura Mountains in Switzerland. It is said to wander along watercourses, through forests and graveyards, and to attempt to kill those who ride it, either by drowning them or throwing them into an abyss.
A legend relating to this horse was first collected in Chamblay by Désiré Monnier, who published it in 1854. Identical stories are also told in Montbarrey, Joux, Dole, in France as well as in the Swiss canton of Jura and in the Bernese Jura. In Switzerland, the horse gallops through villages and abducts young girls. Several legends are attached to it, one of which makes it the mount of the medieval lord Amauri III de Joux. A woman's account of meeting him in the Chamblay cemetery has been commented on and told since the 19th century. A harbinger of death, the Gauvin horse seems to have acted as a bogeyman for children. Perhaps the result of a goblin's transformation (a hobgoblin), he joins a large number of legendary Jura horses.
Etymology and terminology
The Gauvin horse bears the same name as a famous knight of the Round Table, nephew of King Arthur. Two forms exist: "Gauvin" is the most common, "Gauvain", which may also the animal's actual name, may also appear occasionally. In Franche-Comté, it is mentioned as tchevâ Gâvïn in the archives of popular traditions. The form chevau Gauvin exists in Jura patois. The origin of this name remains unknown.
See also
List of legendary horses
Kelpie
Cheval Mallet
Legendary horses of Pas-de-Calais
References
Bibliography
Désiré Monnier, Traditions populaires comparées, J. B. Dumoulin, 1854, 812 p.
Marie Émile Aimé Vingtrinier, Croyances et traditions populaires, 1874, 2e éd.
Henri Dontenville, Histoire et géographie mythiques de la France, G. P. Maisonneuve et Larose, 1973, 378 p. ()
Henri Dontenville, Mythologie française : Regard de l'histoire, Payot, 1973, 2e éd., 267 p.
Willy Borgeaud, Mythologie de la Suisse ancienne, vol. 2, Librairie de l'Université Georg, 1965, 141 p.
Arnold Van Gennep, Manuel de folklore français contemporain : Cycle des douze jours, vol. 7, Picard, 1987 ()
Jean-Michel Doulet, Quand les démons enlevaient les enfants: les changelins : étude d'une figure mythique : Traditions & croyances, Presses de l'Université de Paris-Sorbonne, 2002, 433 p. ()
Hervé Thiry-Duval, L'esprit féerique. Dictionnaire des fées en Pays Comtois, Langres, Dominique Guéniot, 1 March 2005 ()
Paul Sébillot, Le folklore de France, vol. 1, Librairie orientale & américaine, 1904, 977 p.
Jules Surdez et Gilbert Lovis, Animaux et contes fantastiques du Jura, Éditions du Pré-Carré, 1984, 164 p.
Jean-Louis Thouard, Bestiaire fantastique du pays de Comté, Édition Marie-Noëlle, 1er janvier 1996, 99 p. ()
Patricia Gaillard et Dominique Lesbros, Contes et légendes du Jura, Éditions de Borée, 2007, 536 p. ()
Horses in mythology
Franche-Comté
French folklore
Swiss folklore
French legendary creatures
Bogeymen
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23452372
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1910%20Copa%20del%20Rey
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1910 Copa del Rey
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The Copa del Rey 1910 comprised two different competitions held the same year.
Due to disagreements between the reigning champion of the tournament, Club Ciclista de San Sebastián, and some of the clubs invited, in 1910 two parallel competitions were held: an "official", organized by the newly created FECF (Federación Española de Clubs de Football), forerunner of the Royal Spanish Football Federation (), in Madrid and an "unofficial", organized by the UECF (Unión Española de Clubs de Football), in San Sebastián. Both are currently recognized as official by the RFEF.
Copa UECF (Unión Española de Clubs de Football)
The competition started on 19 March, and concluded on 21 March, with the last group stage match. Athletic Bilbao won the tournament for the third time in its history after beating Vasconia 1–0 in the decisive match with a goal from Remigio Iza. The tournament is believed to have been the first time Athletic Bilbao wore what became their regular red-and-white striped jersey, having recently imported the first set of kit from England (along with a set for their sister club, later known as Atletico Madrid).
Group stage
Copa FECF (Federación Española de Clubs de Football)
The competition started on 24 May, and concluded on 26 May, with the last group stage match, in which FC Barcelona lifted the trophy for the first time in its history with two victories over Deportivo la Coruña and Español Madrid, beating the latter in a dramatic 3–2 comeback in which Español netted two early goals thanks to Vicente Buylla, but then Barça fought back in the second half and scored via Charles Wallace, Carles Comamala and Pepe Rodríguez.
Group stage
References
External links
LinguaSport.com
RSSSF.com
IFFHS.de
1910
1910 domestic association football cups
1909–10 in Spanish football
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35105580
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawaru%20language
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Nawaru language
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Nawaru, or Sirio, is a Papuan language. It is spoken in the village of Sibia () in Namudi ward, Safia Rural LLG, Ijivitari District, Oro Province, in the "tail" of Papua New Guinea.
Nawaru is described by Ethnologue as "very similar" to Yareba.
References
Languages of Papua New Guinea
Languages of Oro Province
Yareban languages
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12751276
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/11th%20Operational%20Weather%20Squadron
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11th Operational Weather Squadron
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The 11th Operational Weather Squadron (11OWS) was an operational weather squadron of the United States Air Force. The squadron was based out of Elmendorf AFB, Alaska, and was responsible for forecasting Alaska's weather and analyzing its climate.
The squadron was first activated in early 1941 as the Air Corps Detachment, Weather, Alaska at Ladd Field. It was soon moved to Elmendorf Field (later Air Force Base). The detachment oversaw weather stations in Alaska and after the Attack on Pearl Harbor in February 1942 became the 11th Air Corps Squadron, Weather. The squadron was redesignated the 11th Weather Squadron in 1944. In 1952 the squadron was relocated to Keesler Air Force Base in Mississippi where it inactivated five years later. In 1958 the squadron was reactivated at Elmendorf. The squadron was inactivated after a short stay at Eielson Air Force Base in 1992. The squadron was reactivated as the 11th Operational Weather Squadron at Elmendorf in 1998.
History
World War II
The 11th Operational Weather Squadron was constituted as Air Corps Detachment, Weather, Alaska, on 15 November 1940, and activated on 11 January 1941 at Ladd Field, Alaska, assigned to the Ninth Service Command. The detachment was commanded by Captain Wilson H. Neal and consisted of a Technical sergeant and five other enlisted men, transferred from March Field. Its mission was to operate the Alaska Weather Region to provide Army Air Corps aircraft and Alaska Army units with weather service. The detachment relocated to Elmendorf Field on 2 May. On 7 December, when the Japanese attacked Pearl Harbor, the detachment oversaw the weather stations at Elmendorf, Ladd, Annette Island, and Yakutat, a total of 44 enlisted men and three officers.
The squadron was redesignated the 11th Air Corps Squadron, Weather, on 26 February 1942 and transferred to the 11th Air Force. On 28 May, it activated a weather station at Fort Glenn. In October, the squadron activated a weather station at Adak and its remotest station at St. Matthew Island. Now-Lieutenant Colonel Neal was transferred and replaced by Major Paul A. Carlson in November. A station at Amchitka was activated on 24 January 1943. After the American liberation of Attu in May, the squadron established a weather station at Alexai Point on the island. The Adak and Alexai Point stations provided forecasts for a number of bombing raids against Paramushir in the summer. By the end of 1943, the squadron controlled 32 weather stations, manned by 81 officers, seven NCOs, and 447 enlisted men, its peak strength. On 6 January 1944, the squadron became the 11th Weather Squadron. In February, both weathermen and a radio operator at the Chuginadak station died of exposure while searching for a supply barge which had run aground on the island. During the war, three men of the squadron received the Distinguished Flying Cross, seventeen received the Bronze Star, three were awarded the Army Commendation Medal, and five were awarded the Air Medal. The squadron was transferred to the Army Air Forces Weather Service (later the Air Weather Service) on 22 October 1945.
Cold War
On 4 December 1945, the squadron became part of the 7th Weather Group (later the 2107th Air Weather Group). On 20 April 1952, the squadron was relocated to Keesler Air Force Base in Mississippi, becoming part of the Air Weather Service. A month later it became part of the 8th Weather Group. The squadron was inactivated at Keesler on 18 November 1957. The squadron returned to Elmendorf and was reactivated on 18 June 1958, replacing the 7th Weather Group. On 1 June 1959, the squadron became part of the 4th Weather Wing. It was transferred to the 3rd Weather Wing on 30 June 1972. Between 20 January and 1 February 1989, elements of the squadron participated in Exercise Brim Frost 89, training Joint Task Force-Alaska against invasion. The squadron became part of the 1st Weather Wing on 1 October 1989. It was reassigned to Pacific Air Forces on 30 September 1991, when weather squadrons of Air Weather Service were transferred to the commands they supported. The squadron relocated to Eielson Air Force Base on 1 April 1992, becoming part of the 343d Operations Group on 15 April. The squadron was inactivated on 1 June.
Operational Weather Squadron
The squadron was redesignated the 11th Operational Weather Squadron on 5 February 1999, and activated on 19 February 1999 with the 611th Air Operations Group. The squadron provided mission tailored, operational, and tactical level meteorological, geological, oceanographic, and space environment products and services for Department of Defense air and land operations in the Alaskan region. They provided headquarters staff support to the Alaskan Command, Eleventh Air Force, PACAF, and U.S. Army Alaska, and contingency support to the Alaska NORAD Region. As a result of USAF manpower and budget reductions, the 11th OWS was inactivated and merged with the 17th Operational Weather Squadron in Hawaii in June 2008. This merger was completed on 13 June 2008.
Lineage
The lineage of the 11th Operational Squadron from inception to 2008:
Constituted as Air Corps Detachment, Weather, Alaska, on 15 November 1940
Activated on 11 January 1941
Redesignated 11th Air Corps Squadron, Weather (Regional Control) on 26 February 1942
Redesignated 11th Weather Squadron on 6 January 1944
Inactivated on 20 April 1952
Activated on 20 April 1952
Inactivated on 18 November 1957
Activated on 18 June 1958
Inactivated on 1 June 1992
Redesignated 11th Operational Weather Squadron on 5 February 1999
Activated on 19 February 1999
Inactivated and merged with 17th Operational Weather Squadron on 13 June 2008
Assignments
The assignments of the 11th Operational Squadron from inception to 2008:
Ninth Service Command, 11 January 1941 – c. 1941
Alaska Defense Force, c. 1941
Eleventh Air Force, 26 February 1942
AAF Weather Service, 22 October 1945
7th Weather (later, 2107th Air Weather) Group, 4 December 1945
Air Weather Service, 20 April 1952
8th Weather Group, 20 May 1952 – 18 Nov 1957
3d Weather Group, 18 June 1958
4th Weather Wing, 1 June 1959
3d Weather Wing, 30 June 1972
1st Weather Wing, 1 October 1989
Pacific Air Forces, 30 September 1991
343d Operations Group, 15 April – 1 June 1992
611th Air Operations Group, 19 February 1999 – 13 June 2008
Stations
The stations of the 11th Operational Squadron from inception to 2008:
Ladd Field, Alaska, 11 Jan 1941
Elmendorf Field (later Air Force Base), Alaska, 2 May 1941
Keesler Air Force Base, Mississippi, 20 April 1952 – 18 November 1957
Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska, 18 Jun 1958
Eielson Air Force Base, Alaska, 1 April 1992 – 1 June 1992
Elmendorf Air Force Base, Alaska, 19 February 1999 – 13 June 2008
Awards and campaigns
References
Citations
Bibliography
External links
11OWS article
11OWS History
The Papers of Alexander Karanikas on Arctic and Cold Weather Flying at Dartmouth College Library
Weather 011
Military units and formations established in 1941
Military units and formations disestablished in 2008
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy%20Smart%20Sr.
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Billy Smart Sr.
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William George Smart Sr. (25 April 1894 – 25 September 1966) was a British showman, fairground proprietor and circus proprietor, the founder and owner of Billy Smart's Circus.
Biography
Born in London, Billy Smart was one of 23 children in a family that worked on fairgrounds in London and South East England. After marrying in 1925, he and his brothers set up their own fair, which became a regular attraction in the region. Billy Smart's Fun Fair featured alongside Bertram Mills' Circus at Olympia in 1939 and, during the Second World War, Smart ran several Holiday at Home Fairs, to boost morale.
In 1946, he purchased the big top of Cody's Circus, and opened his own New World Circus. Its first show was in Southall on 5 April 1946. At first, the circus ran in conjunction with the existing funfair, but the latter was phased out by 1952, and Smart's circus toured with a full menagerie of animals. In 1954, the existing big top was replaced by one with a capacity of 6,000 seats, a hippodrome track around the ring, and a grand entrance hall allowing spectacular parades to take place. Smart pioneered centrally-heated dark blue rather than light coloured tents, which had compromised lighting effects.
Smart arranged for the televising of his circus from 1947, as the first BBC location live TV show. This led to regular Christmas shows on the BBC, including the 1977 Royal Jubilee Big Top Show, organised by his son David Smart, which was attended by Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh, and raised several million pounds for charity. In the 1960s, the Billy Smart's TV show was the first UK TV programme to attract more than 20 million viewers in the UK. Between 1979 and 1982, the circus was broadcast on ITV.
The circus grew to become one of the largest in the world. It was the world's largest travelling circus under canvas in the 1960s, according to King Pole magazine, with a permanent base at Winkfield, Berkshire. Smart himself took part in his shows, and led many stunts to publicise the circus.
Around 1961, Smart offered £1 million to buy Blackpool Tower, and also headed a consortium hoping to involve Disney in what would have become the first Disney amusement park in Europe; however, the venture did not proceed. Smart then decided upon a novel concept, a safari park, and, after years of searching for a suitable site, bought a property near Windsor for this purpose. The Windsor Safari Park was brought to fruition by his sons, Ronald, David and Stanley (known as Billy Jr), after his death, and grew to attract up to 2.5 million visitors per year.
He was the subject of This Is Your Life in 1956 when he was surprised by Eamonn Andrews at the King's Theatre, Hammersmith, London.
Billy Smart died in 1966, in his caravan shortly after conducting a band in front of his circus tent at Ipswich. His friend Sir Billy Butlin described him as "the greatest showman of our time and probably the last of the great showmen."
Family
Billy Smart Jr., son, circus performer and circus director
David Smart, son, circus performer and circus director
References
David Jamieson, Billy Smart's Circus, A Pictorial History. Buntingford, Aardvark Publishing, 2004. ()
"Spinners of the Big Top" by Pamela Macgregor-Morris
External links
Kate Dodd, "50 years since final curtain came down on legendary showman Billy Smart’s life", Ipswich Star, 27 September 2016
Billy Smart's Circus in Glasgow, 1954, British Pathé
1894 births
1966 deaths
Circus owners
20th-century British businesspeople
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan%20Library%20Association
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Pakistan Library Association
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The Pakistan Library Association (PLA) is a representative national body of librarians in Pakistan. It was formed in Karachi in March 1957. It is responsible for looking after the interests of the professional librarians who work for the development and improvement of libraries both in formal and informal sectors of education and research. It also acts as a liaison between Pakistani organizations with similar aims and objectives as international library organizations and promotes the image of librarians in society.
Prior to the formation of PLA there was the Pakistan Bibliographical Working Group (PBWG) which promoted library activities. According to Dr. Anis Khurshid, an ad hoc committee meeting of the PBWG on 6 July 1954 chaired by H. A. Qazi formed a National Association for Librarians. The committee members included Syed Vilayat Hussain, Khawaja Noor Elahi, Fazal-e-Elahi and Akhtar H. Siddiqui.
The PLA is a registered body under the Societies Act XXI of 1960. Its membership is open to all library professionals of the country. The association has organized 18 conferences so far. In addition to regular meetings, the PLA arranges library seminars, workshops, discussions, book exhibitions, etc. It also has published a newsletter and a quarterly journal entitled PLA Journal. The association has a headquarters and five branches in four provincial capitals and the Federal Capital, Islamabad. The headquarters of the PLA rotates between Karachi, Lahore, Islamabad, Peshawar and Quetta every two years. Its present council is in Peshawar with Dr. Saeed Ullah Jan as its president and Mr. Muhammad Khan Marwat as its Secretary General.
References
External links
Official website
Educational organisations based in Pakistan
Library associations
Libraries in Pakistan
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral%20collecting
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Mineral collecting
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Mineral collecting is the hobby of systematically collecting, identifying and displaying mineral specimens. Mineral collecting can also be a part of the profession of mineralogy and allied geologic specialties. Individual collectors often specialize in certain areas, for example collecting samples of several varieties of the mineral calcite from locations spread throughout a region or the world, or of minerals found in pegmatites.
History
Generally considered the "father of mineralogy", Georgius Agricola (1494–1555) was also an avid mineral collector. He wrote several books, including two of enduring significance: De Re Metallica, an early treatise on mining, and De Natura Fossilium, the first (1546) modern textbook of mineralogy.
Another famous 16th century mineral collector was Holy Roman Emperor Rudolf II (1552–1612). He built a large mineral collection while employing Anselmus de Boodt (ca. 1550–1634), his court physician and another avid mineral collector, to expand and tend his collections. After Rudolf's death his collection was dispersed.
Motivations
Mineral collectors find a variety of reasons to collect minerals. Many minerals are strikingly beautiful and collected for their aesthetic value. Others collect to learn more about mineralogy, the local mining industry and/or local geology. Some simply enjoy exploring the outdoors and socializing and trading with other mineral collectors. Serious collectors will go so far as traveling great distances to find the right specimen.
Specializations
As a collection grows, a collector may become more interested in a particular aspect of mineral collecting. Financial limitations or limitations of physical space can also be motivating factors in specializing a collection. Some specializations include:
Species collecting; trying to obtain as many recognized species as possible.
A particular locality such as a mine, country, or state/province.
A particular mineral species (ex. calcite, quartz, fluorite) or mineral group (zeolites, phosphate minerals) to show the variety within the species/group.
A particular geological formation, such as minerals found in pegmatites.
Fluorescent minerals.
Radioactive minerals.
Twinned crystals.
A particular size range such as (from small to large), micromounts, thumbnail (generally fitting in a 1 inch cube), miniatures, small-cabinet or cabinet sized.
Collecting only specimens that the collector has collected themselves in the field.
Notable public mineral collections
Australian Museum, Albert Chapman Mineral Collection], Sydney
Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Hillman Hall of Minerals and Gems, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Fersman Mineralogical Museum Moscow
Geological Museum, London
Houston Museum of Natural Science
Mercer County District Library] (900 specimens on display)
Mim Museum (over 1800 specimens representing 450 species on display), Beirut, Lebanon
Mineralogisches Museum Hamburg (1500 specimens on display)
Musée de Minéralogie, École nationale supérieure des mines de Paris, Paris
Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano, Milan
National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Gem and Mineral Collection, Washington, D.C.
Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County
Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (Vienna, Austria), Mineralogy and Petrography Exhibition
Terra Mineralia, Mineral Exhibition of the TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany, (3500 specimen on display)
Notable mineral collectors
Andrew Ketcham Barnett (1852–1914), principal, Penzance School of Mines
Albert Chapman (1912–1996) after death collection moved to Australian Museum.
Dr. James S. Douglas (1837–1918), mining engineer. His collection of classic Bisbee minerals was donated to the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History.
Walter Frederick Ferrier (1865–1950), Canadian geologist and mining engineer
Jack Halpern (collector) (born 1920), collection reviewed in Mineralogical Record
William W. Jefferis (1820–1906), banker whose vast mineral collection was acquired by the Carnegie Museum of Natural History in 1905
George Frederick Kunz (1856–1932), gentleman scientist, VP of Tiffany & Co., "special agent" for the US Geological Survey (1883–1909)
William F. Larson (born 1945), Founder of Pala International, board of San Diego Natural History Museum, owner Sinkankas Library
Gene Meieran (born 1937), 2nd Sr Intel Fellow (after the inventor of the microprocessor), 2003 Carnegie Mineralogical Award winner. Collection also at A. E. Seaman Mineral Museum.
J. P. Morgan (1837–1913), famous international banker. Morganite was named after him by G.F. Kunz.
E. Pohl-Ströher (1919-2016), German business executive and heiress, collected for more than 60 years. She permanently loaned her collection to TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Germany.
Perkins D. Sams (1927–2010), West Texas oilman. After death collection moved to Houston Museum of Natural Science.
Stephen Smale (born 1930), Professor in mathematics, UC Berkeley. World's best Chinese mineral collection published in book. Appraised Houston Museum of Natural Science collection.
Abraham Gottlob Werner (1749–1817), pioneering German geologist
Henrietta Clive, Countess of Powis (1758–1830), one of the first female mineral collectors in the United Kingdom, whose well-organised collection is now part of National Museum Wales.
The website of Mineralogical Record magazine includes a Biographical Archive containing biographical sketches of approximately 1,800 (as of 2016) mineral collectors and specimen dealers, most of whom were or are active between the late 19th century and the present day.
See also
Amateur geology, also called rock collecting or rockhounding
Fossil collecting
Lapidary
Lapidary club
List of minerals
Tucson Gem and Mineral Show, the world's largest
Mineralientage, the Munich Mineral Show, Europe's largest
References
Further reading
External links
Beginning Guide to Mineral Collecting at mindat.org
Criteria for selecting crystallized mineral specimens for a display collection by Jack Halpern Reprint article, the Mineralogical Record, 2008
Tips for collecting minerals in the field, by the Mineralogical Society of America.
Collector's Corner, at MSA
The American Federation of Mineral Societies, with links to regional and local clubs in the USA.
Mineralogy
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Collecting
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali%2C%20Kazakhstan
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Ali, Kazakhstan
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Ali (, Äli) is a village in Almaty Region of south-eastern Kazakhstan.
External links
Tageo.com
Populated places in Almaty Region
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergeant%20major
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Sergeant major
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Sergeant major is a senior non-commissioned rank or appointment in many militaries around the world.
History
In 16th century Spain, the ("sergeant major") was a general officer. He commanded an army's infantry, and ranked about third in the army's command structure; he also acted as a sort of chief of staff to the army's commander.
In the 17th century, sergeant majors appeared in individual regiments. These were field officers, third in command of their regiments (after their colonels and lieutenant colonels), with a role similar to the older, army-level sergeant majors (although obviously on a smaller scale). The older position became known as "sergeant major general" to distinguish it. Over time, the term sergeant was dropped from both titles, giving rise to the modern ranks of major and major general.
The full title of sergeant major fell out of use until the latter part of the 18th century, when it began to be applied to the senior non-commissioned officer of an infantry battalion or cavalry regiment. It is about this time that the U.S. and British histories of the title diverge, with the American Revolutionary War.
Commonwealth of Nations forces
A sergeant major is an appointment, not a rank. It is normally held by the senior warrant officer of an army or marine unit. These appointments are made at several levels, for example: the senior warrant officer of a company, battery or squadron; or the senior warrant officer of a battalion or regiment. The title normally consists of the unit title (e.g. 'company') followed by 'sergeant major', and abbreviated by the initials (e.g. CSM). A sergeant major of a regiment or battalion is known as a regimental sergeant major, rather than a "regiment sergeant major" or "battalion sergeant major".
The sergeant-major of a unit is responsible to the commanding officer for advising them on matters relating to non-commissioned members (NCMs) of that unit. Sergeant majors are normally addressed as "sir" or "ma'am" by subordinates, and as "sergeant major", by their full title (or its abbreviation), or as "Mr" or "Ms" by superiors.
In the British Armed Forces, the plural is sergeant majors and not sergeants major as it is in the United States.
Australia
The most senior warrant officer in the Australian Army holds the unique rank of warrant officer (introduced in 1991 and senior to WO1) and the appointment of Regimental Sergeant Major of the Army (RSM-A). The RSM-A is responsible to the Chief of Army, but responsive to all ranks across the Army. The RSM-A is a member of the personal staff of the Chief of Army. The post of RSM-A has existed since January 1983 and was held by a WO1 until 1991. The RSM-A is the equivalent of the Royal Australian Navy's Warrant Officer of the Navy (WO-N) and the Royal Australian Air Force's Warrant Officer of the Air Force (WOFF-AF).
The RSM-A's primary role is to represent to the Chief of Army and others, the solicited and unsolicited views, concerns and opinions of soldiers in the army, but also carry the Chief of Army's message down and across the ranks.
Canada
Canadian Armed Forces
The appointment of sergeant major is given to the senior non-commissioned member within sub-units, units and some formations of the Canadian Army. The regimental sergeant-major is the senior sergeant major in a unit, such as armoured, artillery, engineer, and signal regiments, and infantry and service battalions. This appointment is normally held by a chief warrant officer.
Within sub-units (such as squadrons, companies and artillery batteries) the sub-unit sergeant-major generally holds the rank of master warrant officer and is known as a squadron, company or, battery sergeant major. They are addressed as "Sergeant-Major" (i.e. "SSM", "CSM", "BSM", etc.), "Mr", or "Ms" by officers and "Sir" or "Ma'am" by subordinates with the same conventions used for regimental sergeant majors.
In some unusual cases, a chief petty officer 1st class or chief petty officer 2nd class in the Royal Canadian Navy may succeed to a sergeant major's position, especially in units with a large number of "purple trades", such as service battalions. The forms of address generally remain the same, except that chief petty officers 1st and 2nd class are never addressed as "Sir" or "Ma'am", but as "Chief". Sergeant majors do not form part of the formation, unit, or sub-unit chain of command, as their role is to advise their commander on matters pertaining to the organization's non-commissioned members.
Royal Canadian Mounted Police
Sergeant major is a rank in the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. While technically it is the sixth level of rank, below corps sergeant major and above staff sergeant major, it, along with the other two, is a specialized rank and not part of the normal progression, which proceeds from staff sergeant to inspector.
Singapore
A sergeant major appointment exists in each military unit from company to division/formation. Their main job is to assist the commander in the discipline and welfare of the enlisted men. Their authority and responsibility at parades and ceremonies extends over even commissioned officers while on the parade square. In the Singapore Armed Forces, two kinds of sergeant major exist, a regimental sergeant major and a company sergeant major. A regimental sergeant major may be placed in charge of a battalion, brigade, division or service level. A regimental sergeant major could also be appointed as RSM for a vocation, i.e. infantry vocation/formation sergeant major. This appointment is usually held by a senior warrant officer or a master warrant officer, although at times a 1st warrant officer may be appointed. A company sergeant major may be a 1WO, 2WO and 3WO. Sometimes, a master sergeant or a staff sergeant may be appointed. Military Experts of rank ME 3 could also be sergeant majors, in-charge of logistical units or naval units. This practice is also mirrored in the National Cadet Corps with the master sergeant or staff sergeant being appointed as unit sergeant major. In schools with more than one NCC unit, i.e. having a land as well as a sea unit, an RSM might be appointed from either unit.
Sri Lanka
The rank or appointment of sergeant major exists in the Sri Lanka Army and Sri Lanka Police Service. In the army, a warrant officer 2nd class is known as a sergeant major; while a warrant officer 1st class is a regimental sergeant major. In the police, the most senior non-gazetted officer rank is police sergeant major.
South Africa
As described above, sergeant-major is not a rank, but an appointment held by a warrant officer class 1 or warrant officer class 2. Regardless of the appointment, the warrant officer is addressed as "sergeant-major" (sersant-majoor in Afrikaans).
The rank was established in the Union Defence Forces in 1913, in a single class. The rank badge was a crown, senior appointments being indicated by a wreath around the badge.
The rank was divided into two classes in 1921. The national coat of arms was assigned as the badge of the 1st class, and the crown was assigned to the 2nd class. In both classes, senior appointments were indicated by a wreath around the badge.
From 1957 to 2002, all warrant officers 1st class wore the wreathed coat of arms, and the warrant officer 2nd class wore the plain coat of arms. Since 2002, all warrant officers have worn the new national coat of arms, the classes and appointments being indicated by the shape of the surrounding frame, and the addition of stars and crossed swords above the arms.
Up until 1 June 2008, the highest appointment (level 1), that was held by a warrant officer class 1 was the Sergeant-Major of the South African National Defence Force.
Other senior warrant officer appointments up until 1 June 2008 were:
Level 2: Sergeant-Major of the Army
Level 3: Formation sergeant-major
Level 4: Group or base sergeant-major or regimental sergeant-major
The South African Air Force had a similar structure for its warrant officers who are also addressed as "sergeant-major".
Starting 1 June 2008, the warrant ranks (Army/ Navy/ Air Force) are:
Master chief warrant officer (formerly level 1)—e.g. Master Chief Warrant Officer of the South African National Defence Force
Senior chief warrant officer (formerly level 2)—e.g. Senior Chief Warrant Officer of the South African Army
Chief warrant officer (formerly level 3)
Master warrant officer (formerly level 4A)
Senior warrant officer (formerly level 4)
Warrant officer class one
Warrant officer class two
A company/squadron/battery sergeant major should ordinarily be a WO2.
United Kingdom
In the British Army and Royal Marines, company/battery/squadron sergeant major is an appointment for a WO2 and regimental sergeant major is a WO1 appointment.
Due to differences in nomenclature between Regiments and Corps, sergeant majors' titles do vary; squadron sergeant major and battery sergeant major for instance would be found in the cavalry and Royal Artillery respectively, and in the Royal Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, there are the appointments of artificer sergeant major.
Sergeant major instructor is an appointment held by warrant officers class 1 in the Small Arms School Corps and the Army Physical Training Corps and by some WO1s in the Royal Engineers. It is also an appointment held by some of the civilian adult instructors in the Army Cadet Force.
A machinist sergeant-major (MSM) is a specialist most often found in the Corps of Royal Engineers or the Royal Army Service Corps, and was the title of one of the major characters in the book and the film based on it, Ice Cold in Alex.
For the use of "sergeant major" as a form of address, see the articles on regimental and company sergeant majors, and that on staff sergeants.
The posts of regimental and squadron corporal major are the Household Cavalry's equivalent of sergeant majors, as the Household Cavalry traditionally does not have ranks named sergeant. The Rifles use the spelling serjeant major, in common with the spelling used for serjeant and colour serjeant.
A new post of Army Sergeant Major was created in 2015.
History
The first British use of the term was around 1680 and was applied to the senior sergeant in the colonel's company of an infantry regiment, but it wasn't formalised until 1797, when the sergeant major was added to the battalion or regimental staff. When chevrons were introduced as badges of rank, he wore four, later under a crown.
In 1813, cavalry regiments introduced the troop sergeant major to replace the quartermaster as the senior NCO of a troop; this required the existing position to be explicitly redesignated the regimental sergeant major. Later, the rise of the squadron as the principal sub-regimental unit saw the corresponding introduction of the squadron sergeant major. The infantry, however, hung on to the undifferentiated, one-per-battalion sergeant major until the eve of the First World War, when the introduction of the company sergeant major forced them to adopt the RSM title as well. (As an infantry regiment could be, and usually was, made up of a number of battalions, one would logically expect the new title to be battalion sergeant major rather than regimental sergeant major. Perhaps the infantry felt this would imply a lower status than their cavalry equivalents.)
In 1881, the cavalry RSM and infantry sergeant major were among a number of senior non-commissioned positions that were confirmed with warrants, making them warrant officers. This was extended and rationalised in 1915, with the introduction of the new ranks of warrant officer class I (WOI) and warrant officer class II (WOII). RSM became an appointment of the former, CSM and SSM of the latter.
The Royal Marines continued to use a single rank of sergeant major, equating to warrant officer class I, until after the Second World War, when they adopted the Army system.
The Royal Flying Corps and its successor the Royal Air Force used the ranks of sergeant-major 1st and 2nd class instead of warrant officer class I and II until the 1930s, when the RAF adopted the Army-style ranks. The RAF has not used sergeant major as either a rank or an appointment since that time.
France
In France, the rank of sergent-major (distinct from the rank of major) was created in 1776. He was the highest ranked non-commissioned officer () in the infantry company; the equivalent in the cavalry was the maréchal-des-logis-chef. The sergeant-major was charged with the administration of the company. Under the Ancien Regime, the equivalent at the general staff headquarters of the regiment was the adjudant sous-officiers, a rank which was also established in 1776, who was the senior NCO of the regiment.
Following the reforms of the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, it became harder to ascend to the officer corps, due to primarily age restrictions. With the addition of an adjudant (warrant officer) in each company, the sergeant-major became limited to purely administrative functions.
The rank was replaced with that of sergent-chef in 1928. The rank was re-established from 1942 until 1962 between sergent-chef and adjudant as the NCO in charge of the accounting responsibility of the company. There were no promotions to sergeant-major after 1964 and the rank was formally abolished in 1971. The last NCO to have held the rank retired in 1985.
Notable soldiers who held the rank of sergeant-major included Marshal of France François Achille Bazaine, Édouard Husband, and Henri Tonel.
Indonesia
In the Indonesian Armed Forces, the rank is known as sersan mayor and is the most senior sergeant rank.
Israel Defense Forces
The רב-סמל מתקדם (Rav samal mitkadem, "sergeant major") and the רב-סמל בכיר (Rav samal bakhír, "command sergeant major") are both non-commissioned officers (נגדים) ranks in the Israel Defense Forces (IDF). Because the IDF is an integrated force, they have a unique rank structure. IDF ranks are the same in all services (army, navy, air force, etc.). The ranks are derived from those of the paramilitary Haganah developed in the British Mandate of Palestine period to protect the Yishuv. This origin is reflected in the slightly compacted IDF rank structure.
United States
United States Army
In the U.S. Army, sergeant major (SGM) refers to both a military rank and a personnel slot, or position title. It is the highest enlisted rank, just above first sergeant and master sergeant, with a pay grade of E–9, NATO rank OR–9.
The leadership variation – command sergeant major (CSM) – is the senior enlisted advisor to the commanding officer. The leadership position carries with it certain ceremonial functions such as caring for the unit's colors (flag). Additionally, CSMs serve as monitors of, and advocates for, the enlisted soldiers in the command. This position mostly exists in units of battalion size and larger.
SGMs and CSMs serving in nominative positions (a position rated by a general officer or a civilian on the senior executive service payscale) will wear the nominative senior enlisted leader insignia. All other Sergeants Major serving commanders at or below Colonel wear their designated branch insignia.
Both the SGM and CSM are referred to, and addressed as, "Sergeant Major". The Sergeant Major of the Army is a separate and unique position, but is still addressed as "Sergeant Major".
United States Marine Corps
In the United States Marine Corps, sergeant major is the ninth and highest enlisted rank, just above first sergeant, and equal in pay grade to master gunnery sergeant, although the two have different responsibilities. Sergeant major is both a rank and a billet (job). Marine Corps sergeants major serve as the senior enlisted marine in the Corps' units of battalion, squadron or higher echelon, as the unit commander's senior enlisted advisor and to handle matters of discipline and morale among the enlisted marines. Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps is a separate and unique position.
History
The first official U.S. use of the term was in 1776, when a sergeant major was appointed to the headquarters of each infantry battalion (or regiment, the two designations being used interchangeably) of the Continental Army. The original insignia of rank was an epaulette, or strip, of red cloth sewn on each shoulder of the uniform coat. In the years between 1776 and 1851, the sergeant major rank insignia went through several changes until the "classic" pattern worn during the Civil War and throughout the Indian Wars was adopted. Generally, these styles included either staff non-commissioned officer (SNCO) epaulettes, chevrons, or a combination of both. (During this period, the rank insignia for the several SNCO ranks of sergeant major, quartermaster sergeant, drum major, and fife major were identical.) In 1821, SNCOs received a single yellow chevron, point up, above the elbow on each sleeve. (Company grade officers, including the new officer grade of "adjutant", ranking above captain and below major, and non-commissioned officers or NCOs, viz., sergeants and corporals, all received chevrons of various colors, materials, patterns, and placement as their insignia of rank.) In 1825, the sergeant major chevron insignia was changed to be identical to that of the adjutant, by adding an inverted arc below the chevron (very similar in design to the modern private first class insignia), although in a different color (yellow vice gold or silver) and material (worsted vice lace) than that of the officer rank. In 1832, SNCOs returned to a rank insignia denoted by elaborate epaulettes without the chevrons. All SNCOs and NCOs returned to having chevrons as their rank insignia in 1847, when a completely new system of insignia was introduced. This was the first implementation of the three chevrons over three arcs design (with the chevrons worn point-up) of the "traditional" sergeant major rank insignia. (The quartermaster finally received a distinctive rank insignia—three chevrons over three horizontal bars—and for the first time, the first sergeant, or orderly sergeant, received a distinctive rank insignia—three chevrons surmounting a lozenge.) Finally, in 1851, the Army inverted the SNCO and NCO insignia again to be point-down. (Perrenot, 2011)
The rank was in use by both the Union Army and the Confederate Army during the American Civil War. At that time, it was the highest enlisted rank, being just above quartermaster sergeant. The same rank insignia, three point-down chevrons under three arcs, was used by both armies. Both armies varied the color of the stripes by assigning red for artillery, yellow for cavalry, and blue for infantry. Some Confederate militia units varied these colors even farther and had other colors, including black stripes, for various units.
In 1920, with the standardization of the army's enlisted pay grades, it ceased to be a title of rank or grade. However, it survived as the job title of the senior NCO of a battalion and was re-introduced as a rank in 1958 when Congress authorized the E–8 and E–9 pay grades (P.L. 85-422, 72 Stat. 122). This new iteration of sergeant major as a discrete grade of rank saw the new rank insignia of three chevrons above three arcs with a five pointed star between the chevrons and arcs. In that law (as amended), the authorized daily average number of enlisted members on active duty in an armed force in pay grade E–9 in a fiscal year may not be more than 1.25 percent, respectively, of the number of enlisted members of that armed force, subject to certain exceptions. A new insignia was authorized by DA Message 865848, 28 May 1968, for sergeants major assigned at the principal NCO of battalion and higher level command (viz., command sergeants major). This insignia was the same as the sergeant major insignia except the star was small and a wreath was placed around the star.
The appointment of Sergeant Major of the Army was created on July 4, 1966, and in 1979 received the unique grade of rank insignia of three chevrons above three arcs with two stars centered between the bottom chevron and the upper arc. In 1994 The insignia for Sergeant Major of the Army was changed to add the coat of arms of the United States between the two stars in the center of the insignia. The pin-on insignia is polished gold-plated with a black enamel background.
The U.S. Marine Corps' first sergeant major was Archibald Sommers, appointed on January 1, 1801. This was originally a solitary post, similar to the modern Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps, but by 1899 there were five sergeants major. The title was abolished in 1946, but re-introduced as a rank in 1954. The post of Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps was established in 1957, as the senior enlisted advisor to the Commandant of the Marine Corps.
Gallery
See also
Comparative military ranks
United States Army enlisted rank insignia of World War I
United States Army enlisted rank insignia of World War II
Major (France)
References
History of the Sergeant Major (US) by CSM (Ret.) Daniel K. Elder
Sergeants Major of the Army. , CMH Pub. 70-63-1. By CSM Daniel K. Elder, et al. Describes the origin and growth of the Office of the Sergeant Major of the Army. Includes biographies of each of the Sergeants Major of the Army.
External links
Official Site of the Chief Warrant Officer of the Army (Canada)
Official Site of the Sergeant Major of the Army (U.S.)
Official Site of the Sergeant Major of the Marine Corps (U.S.)
Former Sergeants Major of the Army discuss the position
U.S. Army Enlisted Rank Insignia - Criteria, Background, and Images
Military ranks
Military appointments of Canada
Military ranks of the British Army
Military ranks of the United States Army
United States military enlisted ranks
Military ranks of the United States Marine Corps
Military ranks of the Royal Air Force
Military ranks of the Royal Marines
Warrant officers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sr%C4%91an%20Cviji%C4%87
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Srđan Cvijić
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Srđan Cvijić is a Serbian political scientist who is a senior policy analyst on European Union external relations. Cvijić is the Senior Policy Analyst at the Open Society Foundations in Brussels and member of the Balkans in Europe Policy Advisory Group. He is an expert in the area of democratisation, public and international law and human rights law. Prior to working for the Open Society, Cvijić was employed at the European Policy Centre, the NATO Parliamentary Assembly, the Stability Pact for Southeastern Europe, and in the area of diplomacy for Serbia. He received his LLB from the University of Belgrade Faculty of Law, M.A. in International Relations and European Studies from Central European University and PhD from the Law Department of the European University Institute. He is a regular contributor to news sources, including Politico, EUobserver, the European Western Balkans as well as a commentator for Euronews, Radio Free Europe, Voice of America and others.
References
External links
Transatlantic Assembly
Stability Pact for South Eastern Europe - Who is Who - Working Table I - Democratisation and Human Rights
Serbian political scientists
Living people
University of Belgrade Faculty of Law alumni
Central European University alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
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71446885
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nishigochi%20Dam
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Nishigochi Dam
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Nishigochi Dam is a gravity dam located in Kumamoto Prefecture in Japan. The dam is used for irrigation. The dam impounds about 1 ha of land when full and can store 22 thousand cubic meters of water. The construction of the dam was started on 1967 and completed in 1970.
See also
List of dams in Japan
References
Dams in Kumamoto Prefecture
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dietzia%20papillomatosis
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Dietzia papillomatosis
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Dietzia papillomatosis is a bacterium from the genus Dietzia which has been isolated from the skin scrapings of a patient in the United Kingdom.
References
Further reading
External links
Type strain of Dietzia papillomatosis at BacDive - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase
Mycobacteriales
Bacteria described in 2008
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damalas
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Damalas
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The House of Damalas ( Damalades; , pl. , female version Damala; ) is a Genoese-Byzantine noble House established in the late 15th century; with roots originating from the island of Chios during the Genoese occupation. Created as a result of intermarriages among the Imperial House of Palaiologos with the Genoese noble House of Zaccaria.
There is also an unrelated Byzantine family named Damalas/Damalis, which is seen as early as 1230 in the Thracesian Theme of the Eastern Roman Empire. Descendants of this unrelated family were also settled in Chios as well as Kos.
Damalà as a title
The Zaccaria use of "Damalà" as a title begins with Martino Zaccaria, then Lord of Chios and the surrounding Aegean, receiving the Barony of Damala in 1315. Martino had two sons, Bartolomeo and Centurione. Bartolomeo died in 1334, leading Centurione to inherit his older brother's title of "Seigneur de Damala"; which he held since 1317. He was also given control of his father's other possessions in Morea sometime during Martino's imprisonment. This began the dynastic struggle of the local baronies on the death of Philip of Taranto.
In thirteenth and fourteenth century France, a Baron was a lower member of the nobility. In the Principality of Achaea however, Barons were high lords. As such, they held their authority directly from the Prince and the principality consisted of twelve large baronies.
By supporting Roberto, son of Filippo, Centurione obtained the recognition of his sovereignty and the confirmation of his rights; violated several times in the past by the Angioni princes. His father Martino had continued the system of alliances through the marriages of his own children. Bartolomeo married Guglielma Pallavicino, who had brought the Marquisate of Bodonitsa as a dowry. Centurione married the daughter of the Epitropos of Morea, Andronikos Asen, son of Bulgarian Tsar Ivan Asen III and Irene Palaiogina. This marriage linked the Zaccaria to the Imperial house of Bulgaria and strengthened the relation to the Palaiologoi over the marriage of his great-grandfather, Benedetto. It ultimately consolidated the aims of the family as a princely dynasty.
After spending eight years in captivity for defying the emperor, Martino was released from his imprisonment. This was only permissible upon the condition that he swear an oath to remain in Genoa; through the intervention of Pope Benedict XII and Philip VI of France in 1337. He swore to never again, by word or deed, oppose the empire. He was treated favorably by the emperor, whom gave him the military command of "Protokomes of Chios", as well as a few castles as compensation for his losses. This command would be succeeded by his second son Centurione.
The Zaccaria gained imperial favor once again, with Martino fighting to retake coastal lands of Anatolia; but this crusade ended with his demise in 1345. Upon his father's death, Centurione officially inherited the barony of Chalandritsa, the command of Protocomes of Chios, and the fortresses of Stamira and Lysaria; which he later strengthened with the marriage of his son Andronikos with the only daughter of the powerful baron of Arcadia and Saint-Sauveur, Erard III Le Maure.
These improved relations with the Byzantines were cultivated by Centurione, with his return to Chios as Protocome. He reclaimed his paternal estates and jointly exploited the lands of Chios and Phocea with a few Genoese nobles whom the emperor had entrusted. These were the Ziffo, Corressi, Argenti, Agelasto.
The Genoese repossession of Chios
Imperial rule in Chios was brief. In 1346, a chartered company controlled by the Giustiniani called "Maona di Chio e di Focea", was set up in Genoa to reconquer and exploit Chios and the neighboring town of Phocaea in Asia Minor. Although the inhabitants firmly rejected an initial offer of protection, the island was invaded by a Genoese fleet; led by Simone Vignoso the castle was besieged.
Centurione did not wait for the arrival of the diplomats, sent by the Empress Anna in order to negotiate with those under Admiral Vignoso. He mounted a resistance to the siege, however after several months, had to surrender the island to prevent starvation as a result of their naval blockade; though he did not sign a capitulation. Prior to the surrender being formalized, drafted by I.N. of Agios Nikolaos, he escaped with a few of his sailors and headed for Byzantine territory in New Phocaea; in order to organize an operation to retake the island of Chios. The Byzantine defenders surrendered though on 12 September 1346.
Two treaties were drafted, the first treaty regarding the surrender of Chios, included an amnesty to the Zaccaria family. However when Centurione did not return to Chios, Vignoso sailed to New Phocaea and eventually achieved its surrender. Thus a second treaty was signed, where the Admiral revoked amnesty for Centurione and his family. It forbade them from residing, owning property or interfering in the governance of Chios or Phocaea. While Centurione resigned, the rest of Chios was given favorable terms. All the privileges granted by chrysobulls of Byzantine emperors, as well as the religious freedom of Orthodox Christians in Chios. Centurione is recorded as "Protocomes Damala" in this treaty.
From here Centurione lived both in Damala of Morea and Damala of Galata; where in 1352 he signed as a witness "the first among the latins" to the treaty with Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos.
History leading to the adoption of the title as a surname
Centurione and his descendants ruled his father's possessions in Morea after their expulsion from Chios. After Centurione, the barony of Damala seems to be lost to the Byzantines as neither his son or grandson inherited it. Notably, his oldest son is recorded as "Andronikos Asano de Damala". This is the first reference of Damala not being used as a title, but as an extension of the surname.
It is well documented what became of Andronikos and his descendants, as well as his sister Maria who married the Prince of Achaea, Pedro de San Superano. However, there are less sources for his presumed three brothers: Filippo, Manuele and Martino. It is possible that Martino could have been the same person as Manuele as he does not appear in most genealogical records; he is known only from his participation in the Battle of Gardiki in 1375. Filippo and Manuele are documented through their marriages to prominent women of the time.
Andronikos had four children: Centurione II, Stefano, Erardo IV and Benedetto (died young). Centurione being the eldest, inherited his father's titles and eventually reached the height of Prince of Achaea. Through this much elevated rank he is recorded as "Centurione II Zaccaria" in historical accounts.
Centurione II had only one legitimate child, Catherine Zaccaria. Due to Centurione's defeat in 1430, he conceded to marrying his daughter to Thomas Palaiologos; brother and heir to the last emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire, Constantine XI Palaiologos. Although only having one legitimate child, Centurione had a bastard son known as Giovanni Asen Zaccaria by most sources. Sometime around 1446, he rose against the Despot Constantine Dragas, the future Emperor. Upon his uprising, he was proclaimed Prince of Achaea by Greek magnates and had the eagle as his emblem with the city of Aetos as his seat. Within a year, Giovanni was defeated by the combined forces of then despots Constantine and Thomas Palaiologos. He was then imprisoned with his eldest son by Thomas in Chlemoutsi castle, leaving these dangerous remnants of the previous dynasty to waste away.
Giovanni nor his son died there as anticipated, and instead in 1453 convinced their guard to release them during a widespread revolt against the Despots. He was congratulated and recognized by many western rulers, namely Pope Paul II, King Alfonso V of Naples, and the Venetian Doge Francesco Foscari; titling him "Centurione III Asen Zaccaria". After his escape, he gained the support of the Albanians that began the revolt, but was eventually defeated once more by Despot Thomas and his Turkish allies under Turahan Bey.
Giovanni escaped capture and found refuge with the Venetians in Methoni, where he remained for a period of roughly 3 years. In 1456, he retired under King Alfonso of Naples and received an annuity from Venice; he lost this though when he relocated to Genoa in 1459. There the Doge wrote him a letter of recommendation to Pope Paul II for support. In September 1461 after moving to Rome, the Pope granted him a monthly pension of twenty florins as the Prince of Morea (Achaea) until his death in 1469.
Start of Damalà as a surname
The precise descendance from Zaccaria to strictly Damalà is not clear. Giovanni was the last male of the family and is known to have had at least 2 sons. According to Venetian records of people friendly to them, in 1450 there is a person listed as the "Archon of Ligouri Damalas"; Lygourio was a castle and settlement within the Barony of Damala. This was located near the seat of the barony, also called Damala. It may be noteworthy that Giovanni maintained a close relationship with the Venetians, as he received a pension from them. He is first referenced in a historical account when he claims his father's title. During this time it was common for bastard sons to take the name of the land where they were born, and only legitimized bastards were able to bear their father's surname. However there are currently no records of Giovanni listed with "de Damala" as his grandfather Andronikos, and thus it cannot be confirmed that this practice was observed. There are many records of him being recorded as a Zaccaria, and from these he is considered as such.
The names of Giovanni's sons are not yet known, and therefore there is no way to determine the exact lineage to Giovanni. However the transition from "de Damala" to "Damalà" is recorded in the late 15th century. Antonio Damalà (1498-1578) is given a fief by the Duke of Naxos, John IV Crispo; this was the establishment of a feudal relationship between the two and to this day the village is named Damalas. The father of Antonio is recorded as "Zaccaria de Damala", and with this Antonio is the first reference of the name dropping the "de" and formally adopting "Damalà" as a surname.
Antonio played an important role in preventing the conquest of Naxos by the Turks. Giacomo IV Crispo, whom succeeded his father John after his death, sent Antonio to Constantinople in 1564 as ambassador to ask for the Sultan's mercy in order to recognize him. This is something that Antonio seems to have achieved, as the relevant firman was issued on 29 April 1565.
When in Constantinople, Antonio had become friends with the Sultan's son-in-law, Grand Admiral Piali Pasha. For this reason, when Piali Pasha occupied Chios in 1566, he invited him to settle there and at the same time gave him his ancestral estates that the Maona took from the Zaccaria. Upon arriving in Chios Antonio took over lands in Volissos, Kardamyla, Delfini, Lagkada, Kalamoti, Kampos and the Dafnonas tower. After 1566, Antonio lived in the tower where he also owned the "Stratigato" and the "Damalà" estates, whose churches he renovated. These churches were Panagia Coronata and Sotira. These two churches, fortified towers, and manor house were all severely damaged during the 1822 massacre of Chios and subsequently damaged further by the earthquake of 1881. To this day there is an area of Dafnonas called "τού Δαμαλά" (belonging to Damalà) at the "Stratigato".
Starting with Antonio, the Genoese-Greek Damalades appear in the genealogical records of Chios all bearing the surname "Damalà"; eventually being hellenized to "Damalas" through intermarrying with the Chiot nobility. They are recorded as one of the remaining noble houses of Genoese origin by Giovanni Battista de Burgo during his late 17th century visit of the island.
It is important to note, that during this time it was common for servants to adopt the name of their lord. Therefore, there must be a distinguishment between the modern day descendants of these servants and the actual family that are patrilineal descendants of the Zaccaria. There are also the descendants of the older Byzantine Damalas family which complicates matters further. In response, author and historian Dimitri Lainas conducted a study in 2006. This compiled the family tree of the descendants of the noble Damalades and it was published in Pelinnaeo Magazine.
Church of the Holy Apostles
The Church of the Holy Apostles is a late Byzantine church located in Pyrgi, the largest medieval village of Chios. It is one of the best preserved examples of Byzantine architecture in Greece. The church originally existed as one of the personal shrines of the Damalas family, from which it is believed Pyrgi was built around. In the late Byzantine period, population centers began around churches with a tower and manor house. As such, the church is situated just northeast of the village's main square.
Holy Apostles is a small reproduction of the katholicon (main church) of Nea Moni, being richly decorated outside with brick patterns. The interior is completely covered with frescoes painted by Antonios Kenygos of Crete, in 1665. An inscription over the main entrance of the church tells us that monk Symeon of the Damalas family, who eventually became the metropolitan bishop of Chios, raised the church "from its foundations" in 1564. This most likely refers to an extensive renovation, since its architectural and morphological features indicate that it was constructed in the middle of the 14th century.
It is likely that the original church was destroyed in one of the great earthquakes of 1546, and thus 18 years later, Symeon came to it in ruins. Under the property law at the time, it would have belonged to his family and would have been his obligation to rebuild it.
The manor house and fortified tower that accompanied the church were destroyed like many structures in the 1881 Chios earthquake.
Massacre of Chios in 1822
The Damalades abruptly lost their favorable position during the 1822 massacre, along with the other noble Houses. Ioannis Zanni Damalas, who was the governor of the island, was beheaded in the capitol of Chios. There was also irreparable damage done to centuries old estates.
After a roughly 50-year period of recovery, they would again produce notable figures. Such as the shipping magnate and twice mayor and the mayor of Chios from 1878 to 1882 Ioannis Zanni Damalas standing out in history.
House of Damalas in modern day
The noble House remains one of the most prominent in Chios; being attested by all Chios historians of the past, including more recent figures such as Konstantinos Amantos and Nikos Perris.
While the members are few, the Damalades have made efforts in recent years to regain former notoriety. In 2012, Anastasia Damala formed the philanthropic Damalas Foundation which hosts intellectual seminars on the sciences, philosophy, current events and history. These events are held in an 8-story building located in Piraeus which houses a library, museum, chapel, several offices and 2 conference halls.
The foundation also has operations in Chios, within one of their ancestral homes, directly across from Kamenos Pyrgos. Notably, this home is on land that has been held since their Zaccaria ancestors acquired it and constructed Kamenos Pyrgos.
As a noble house of Chios, they also holds a senatorial seat of the Roman State. Legally revived in Greece in 2004, it follows original Byzantine legislation and etiquette.
Notable members
Centurione I Zaccaria de Damala, Baron of Damala in the Principality of Achaea; mid 14th century.
Andronikos Asen Zaccaria de Damala, Baron of Arcadia; late 14th century.
Centurione II Zaccaria, Prince of Achaea; early 15th century.
Symeon Damalas, Bishop of Chios; mid 16th century.
Loucas Damalas, Voivode of Mykonos; late 17th century.
Ioannis Zanni Damalas, Governor of Chios; early 19th century.
Konstantinos Damalas, Greek revolutionary during the Greek war of independence; early 19th century.
, Shipping magnate and Mayor of Hermoupolis from 1853 to 1862.
Aristides Damalas, Diplomat, military officer, actor, socialite and husband of Sarah Bernhardt; late 19th century.
, Theologian and university professor; mid to late 19th century.
Ioannis Zanni Damalas, Mayor of Chios from 1878 to 1882.
, Commercial agent and politician, Mayor of Piraeus from 1903 to 1907 and founder of the
Tereza Damala, Socialite, lover of Ernest Hemingway and Prince Gabriele D'Annunzio, model of Pablo Picasso in the early 20th century. Subject of the historical novel "Tereza", by Freddy Germanos.
Mikes Damalas, cinematographer; mid 20th century.
Antonios Damalas, Scientist, professor, researcher and writer; mid-late 20th century.
Anastasia Damala, philanthropist and founder of the Damalas Foundation.
References
Sources
Greek noble families
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hornburg
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Hornburg
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Hornburg is a town and a former municipality in the Wolfenbüttel district, in the German state of Lower Saxony. Since 1st November 2013, it is a part of the municipality Schladen-Werla. It is situated at the Ilse river, a tributary of the Oker. Hornburg is part of the Samtgemeinde ("collective municipality") Schladen and home to numerous historically valuable half-timber buildings (Fachwerkhäuser). It is located on the German Timber-Frame Road.
Hornburg Castle was first mentioned in a 994 deed as a property of the Bishopric of Halberstadt. In 1005, it was the birthplace of Pope Clement II. The fortress located on a limestone plateau served to control the northern border of the bishopric and the trade routes from Halberstadt to Braunschweig and Hildesheim. It was devastated by Henry the Lion in 1179, during his conflict with the bishop, an ally of Emperor Frederick I Barbarossa, who had the castle rebuilt.
In 1528, the attached settlement was denoted as a town by the Halberstadt bishops. It received market rights in 1552. At the same time, Hornburg, thriving from the cultivation of humulus (hop) for beer brewing, was surrounded by a town wall including five gates. The ensemble of about 400 Renaissance timber-framed houses arose after a blaze in 1512 had devastated nearly all of Hornburg's buildings. The reconstruction of the town with elaborately carved Fachwerk houses was modeled after the townscape of Halberstadt. With the bishopric Hornburg turned Protestant in 1540. The parish church Beatae Mariae Virginis is considered one of the first Lutheran hall churches in the region. During the Thirty Years' War Hornburg was occupied by the Imperial field marshal Johann Tserclaes von Tilly in 1626, but conquered by Swedish troops in 1630. In 1645, the Swedish military Hans Christoff von Königsmarck finally had the castle destroyed. The current building is a reconstruction on a private initiative or Georg Lüdecke in 1927, based on an engraving by Merian from around 1650 with plans by Bodo Ebhardt.
With the secularization of the Halberstadt bishopric in 1648, Hornburg fell to the electors of Brandenburg and after the 1815 Congress of Vienna it became part of the Prussian province of Saxony. Hornburg stayed a Prussian town until 1941, when it was attached to the Free State of Brunswick in the course of the establishment of the City of Salzgitter. Therefore, at the end of World War II Hornburg found itself in British occupation zone and later became a West German town.
Twin town
Osterwieck, Germany
References
External links
Official Webpage
Wolfenbüttel (district)
Former municipalities in Lower Saxony
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18801065
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baldovine%C8%99ti
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Baldovinești
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Baldovinești is a commune in Olt County, Oltenia, Romania. It is composed of three villages: Baldovinești, Gubandru and Pietriș. It included four other villages until 2004, when they were split off to form Găvănești Commune.
References
Communes in Olt County
Localities in Oltenia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Variable-frequency%20transformer
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Variable-frequency transformer
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A variable-frequency transformer (VFT) is used to transmit electricity between two (asynchronous or synchronous) alternating current frequency domains. The VFT is a relatively recent development. Most asynchronous grid inter-ties use high-voltage direct current converters, while synchronous grid inter-ties are connected by lines and "ordinary" transformers, but without the ability to control power flow between the systems, or with phase-shifting transformer with some flow control.
It can be thought of as a very high power synchro, or a rotary converter acting as a frequency changer, which is more efficient than a motor–generator of the same rating.
Construction and operation
A variable-frequency transformer is a doubly fed electric machine resembling a vertical shaft hydroelectric generator with a three-phase wound rotor, connected by slip rings to one external power circuit. The stator is connected to the other. With no applied torque, the shaft rotates due to the difference in frequency between the networks connected to the rotor and stator. A direct-current torque motor is mounted on the same shaft; changing the direction of torque applied to the shaft changes the direction of power flow.
The variable-frequency transformer behaves as a continuously adjustable phase-shifting transformer. It allows control of the power flow between two networks. Unlike power electronics solutions such as back-to-back HVDC, the variable frequency transformer does not demand harmonic filters and reactive power compensation. Limitations of the concept are the current-carrying capacity of the slip rings for the rotor winding.
Projects
Five small variable-frequency transformer with a total power rate of 25 MVA were in use at Neuhof Substation, Bad Sachsa, Germany for coupling power grids of former East and West Germany between 1985 and 1990.
Langlois Substation in Québec, Canada () installed a 100 MW variable-frequency transformer in 2004 to connect the asynchronous grids in Québec and the northeastern United States. This was the first large scale, commercial variable frequency transformer, and was installed at Hydro-Québec Langlois substation and is located electrically near sixteen hydro generators at Les Cèdres, Quebec and thirty-six more hydro generators at Beauharnois, Quebec. The operating experience since April 2004 has demonstrated the VFT's inherent compatibility with the nearby generators
AEP Texas installed a 100 MW VFT substation in Laredo, Texas, United States () in early 2007. It connects the power systems of ERCOT (in the United States) to CFE (in Mexico). (See The Laredo VFT Project.)
Smaller VFTs are used in large land-based wind turbines, so that the turbine rotation speed can vary while connected to an electric power distribution grid.
Linden VFT
General Electric installed a 3 × 100 MW VFT substation in Linden, New Jersey, in the United States in 2009. It connects the power systems of PJM & New York Independent System Operator (NYISO). This installation is in parallel with three existing phase-shifting transformers to regulate synchronous power flow.
Economics of energy trading
VFTs provide the technical feasibility to flow power in both directions between two grids, permitting power exchanges that were previously impossible. Energy in a grid with lower costs can be transmitted to a grid with higher costs (higher demand), with energy trading. Power capacity is sold by providers. Transmission scheduling rights (TSRs) are auctioned by the transmission line owners.
Financial transmission rights (FTRs) are a financial instrument used to balance energy congestion and demand costs.
See also
Induction regulator
References
External links
Power Transmission Without the Power Electronics
Electric power infrastructure
Electric transformers
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51602014
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exeter%20Prize
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Exeter Prize
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The Exeter Prize is an economics prize of the University of Exeter Business School, which has been awarded since 2012. The Exeter Prize is awarded to the best paper published in the previous calendar year in a peer-reviewed journal in the fields of Experimental Economics, Decision Theory and Behavioural Economics.
Winners
2022: Sandro Ambuehl, Douglas Bernheim and Axel Ockenfels for Ambuehl, S., Bernheim, B. D., & Ockenfels, A. (2021). "What Motivates Paternalism? An Experimental Study." American Economic Review. 111 (3): 787-830.
2021: Ryan Opera for Oprea, Ryan (2020). "What Makes a Rule Complex?". American Economic Review. 110 (12): 3913–3951. doi:10.1257/aer.20191717
2020: J. Aislinn Bohren, Alex Imas and Michael Rosenberg for
2019: Samuel M. Hartzmark and Kelly Shue for
2018: Shengwu Li for
2017: Vojtěch Bartoš, Michal Bauer, Julie Chytilová and Filip Matějka for
2016: David Budescu and Eva Chen for
2015: Gary Charness, Francesco Feri, Miguel Melendez and Matthias Sutter for
2014: Tomasz Strzalecki for
2013: Daniel Friedman and Ryan Oprea for
2012: Michel Regenwetter, Jason Dana and Clintin P. Davis-Stober for
See also
List of economics awards
References
External links
The prize website
Economics awards
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53472263
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicolosi%20%28disambiguation%29
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Nicolosi (disambiguation)
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Nicolosi is a commune in Italy.
Nicolosi may also refer to:
Surname
Barbara Nicolosi (born 1964), American screenwriter
Francesco Nicolosi (born 1954), Italian pianist
Joseph Nicolosi (1947–2017), American clinical psychologist
Nicolò Nicolosi (1912–1986), Italian football player and manager
Roberto Nicolosi (1914–1989), Italian musician
Salvatore Nicolosi (1922–2014), Italian Catholic Prelate
Valeria Nicolosi, nanotechnologist
(1934–2018), Argentinian musician and composer
(born 1966), Italian actor
Other uses
Nicolosi Productions, an Italian record label
Nicolosi globular projection, a map invented by the Iranian Golden Age polymath al-Biruni and reworked by Nicolosi in 1660.
Italian-language surnames
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73293162
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypogymnia%20pruinoidea
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Hypogymnia pruinoidea
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Hypogymnia pruinoidea is a species of foliose lichen in the family Parmeliaceae. Found in China, it was formally described as a new species in 2012 by Xin-Li Wei and Jiang-Chun Wei. The type specimen was collected from Mt. Taibaishan (Shaanxi) at an elevation of , where it was found growing on the trunk of Abies. It is only known to occur at this location, a cool and moist montane environment supporting lichen-rich forests and woodlands. The species epithet refers to the upper thallus surface and tips.
Description
The thallus (body of the lichen) is leaf-like and can be up to wide. It has a tough texture and is loosely attached to its surface. The of the thallus are flat, crowded, and hollow, with a width of 0.5–1.0 mm and length of 0.5–2.0 mm. The tips of the lobes are blunt. The upper surface of the thallus is grayish-green and has a bumpy texture. It may have a thin, powdery substance (called ) limited to the tips of the lobes. There is a clear line where the pruina stops and the rest of the surface begins. There are no soredia or isidia present, but are present. The lower surface is black and can be brown at the tips of the lobes. There are holes present on many tips of the lobes, in the axils (where the lobes meet), and on the lower surfaces, but they are not surrounded by a raised rim. The medulla is hollow, and both the ceiling and floor of the cavity are white to dirty brown.
No apothecia (a reproductive structure) were observed, but pycnidia (another type of reproductive structure) are present at the tips of the lobes. They are mostly black and small, and the conidia (spores) they produce are long and tapered, measuring 6.0–7.5 by 1.0 μm.
Atranorin, physodic acid, and 3-hydroxyphysodic acids are lichen products consistently found in specimens of this species, while vittatolic acid is usually present.
References
pruinoidea
Lichen species
Lichens described in 2012
Lichens of China
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30482714
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lehize%20Hilal%20Benli
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Lehize Hilal Benli
|
Lehize Hilal Benli (born in 1990) is a Turkish female martial artist competing in the Muay Thai, Kickboxing and wushu.
Early life
She began practising wushu at the age of 15.
Achievements
Wushu
(56 kg) 3rd European Junior Wushu Championships - October 4–7, 2007, Warsaw, Poland
(56 kg) 2008 National Wushu Championships - July 17–20, 2008, Ordu, Turkey
(56 kg) 2009 National Wushu Championships - July 24–26, 2008, Safranbolu, Turkey
(56 kg) 13th European Wushu Championships - March 6–13, 2010, Antalya, Turkey
References
1990 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Adana
Turkish sanshou practitioners
Turkish female Muay Thai practitioners
Turkish female kickboxers
21st-century Turkish sportswomen
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72297027
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florinda%20Ciardi
|
Florinda Ciardi
|
Florinda Ciardi is an Italian former footballer who played as a midfielder for Verona C.F.
International career
Ciardi was also part of the Italian team at the 1997 European Championships.
Honours
Club
Verona C.F.
Serie A : 1995–96
References
Italian women's footballers
Serie A (women's football) players
Italy women's international footballers
Women's association football midfielders
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
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43059809
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipterocarpus%20hispidus
|
Dipterocarpus hispidus
|
Dipterocarpus hispidus is a species of tree in the family Dipterocarpaceae, endemic to Sri Lanka.
Flowers
Inflorescence - hardly branched raceme.
Uses
Wood - construction timber, plywood.
Culture
Known as බූ හොර (bu hora) in Sinhala.
References
http://www.srilankaview.com/Flora/flora_srilanka209.htm
http://www.mergili.at/worldimages/picture.php?/4018
http://www.theplantlist.org/tpl/record/kew-2772176
https://books.google.com/books?id=EoEDLlXcdvYC&pg=PA201
hispidus
Endemic flora of Sri Lanka
Critically endangered flora of Asia
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8329128
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%20Jy%20Met%20Vuur%20Speel%20Sal%20Jy%20Brand
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As Jy Met Vuur Speel Sal Jy Brand
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"As Jy Met Vuur Speel Sal Jy Brand" , directly translated to "if you play with fire you will burn yourself," is the debut CD of the South African punk rock band Fokofpolisiekar. It is a seven track EP released in 2003 by Rhythm Records in South Africa.
In 2004, it was reissued with a bonus track, "Fokofpolisiekar", and the music video for "Hemel op die platteland". The original version of the EP was released with a white cover, while the reissue had a black one.
In 2013, it was reissued on 10" vinyl for the band's tenth anniversary, with new cover art. This edition was reissued in 2018. Both versions included the hidden material from the CD releases.
In 2023, the album was reissued on vinyl, with the original white variant of the CD cover art and a new song, "Blades", which was originally written during the writing sessions for the band's debut full-length album Lugsteuring. This edition, however, omits the hidden tracks from the CD and 2013 vinyl releases.
Track listing
External links
Official Fokofpolisiekar website
Fokofpolisiekar albums
2003 EPs
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2144797
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danny%20Doring%20and%20Roadkill
|
Danny Doring and Roadkill
|
Danny Doring and Roadkill were a tag team in Extreme Championship Wrestling from 1996 to 2001. They were the final ECW World Tag Team Champions, holding the titles until the promotion closed in 2001.
History
Extreme Championship Wrestling
In December 1997, Doring and Roadkill formed together in an unlikely tag team. For six months, from April to October 1999, they were managed by Angelica (originally called "Miss Congeniality"), who was the onscreen girlfriend of Doring. At Heat Wave 1999, Doring proposed to her. Angelica, however, left ECW in late October 1999 to join the World Wrestling Federation (WWF, now WWE), where she became more famously known as Lita. Her last appearance was on October 23, 1999 at Re-enter the Sandman. After the departure of Miss Congeniality, the team was managed by Elektra until she turned on them at Living Dangerously in 2000, costing them a match against CW Anderson and Billy Wiles. In storyline, her reasoning for betraying her team was to join the Dangerous Alliance.
Doring and Roadkill quickly embarked on a two-year-long feud with Nova and Chris Chetti. This was followed by a series of feuds with The Impact Players (Lance Storm and Justin Credible), Simon Diamond and Johnny Swinger, The Bad Street Boys (Joey Matthews and Christian York) and then Tommy Dreamer and Raven.
The team won the ECW World Tag Team Championship on December 3, 2000 at the Massacre on 34th Street pay-per-view, defeating Tony Mamaluke and Little Guido. They held the title until ECW declared bankruptcy in March 2001.
Other promotions
After leaving ECW, Doring and Roadkill made appearances with Total Nonstop Action Wrestling and wrestled dark matches for World Wrestling Entertainment. Both Doring and Roadkill appeared at the WWE promoted ECW reunion show, ECW One Night Stand on June 12, 2005. On July 23, Doring and Roadkill faced MNM on WWE Velocity, but lost. Doring and Roadkill teamed up again on WWE's rebranded ECW in 2006.
They reunited again on October 6, 2012, defeating the F.B.I. in the House of Hardcore's first show.
Championships and accomplishments
Extreme Championship Wrestling
ECW World Tag Team Championship (1 time)
References
ECW (WWE) teams and stables
Extreme Championship Wrestling teams and stables
Impact Wrestling teams and stables
WWE teams and stables
Independent promotions teams and stables
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21552321
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ezer%20Griffiths
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Ezer Griffiths
|
Ezer Griffiths OBE, FRS (27 November 1888 – 14 February 1962) was a Welsh physicist most noted for his work on the insulation properties of metals, heat transference, evaporation and refrigeration.
Education and early life
Griffiths was born in Aberdare in 1888 to a colliery mechanic, and from 1901 to 1906 he was educated at Aberdare Intermediate School. He graduated to University College of South Wales and Monmouthshire and studied under Ernest Howard Griffiths.
Career
On leaving Cardiff, he gained a post in the National Physical Laboratory in Teddington.
Griffiths spent his entire career studying the physical theory of heat. His initial works focused on the effects of heat on metal at low temperatures, in conjuncture with his tutor, Ernest Griffiths. His later work on refrigeration would enable the transportation of fruit and meats from Australia and New Zealand to Europe.
References
1888 births
1962 deaths
Welsh physicists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Scientists of the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom)
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44338362
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Dorr%20Clapp
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Joseph Dorr Clapp
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Joseph Dorr Clapp (December 31, 1811October 27, 1900) was an American banker, Democratic politician, and Wisconsin pioneer. He served two years in the Wisconsin State Senate, representing Jefferson County. In contemporaneous documents he was frequently referred to as J. D. Clapp.
Biography
J. D. Clapp was born in Westminster, Vermont, on New Year's Eve 1811. He moved to Milford, Wisconsin Territory, in 1839 and was a farmer.
In 1859, he started the Koshkonong Bank in partnership with Lucien B. Caswell. The bank later merged into the First National Bank, and Clapp served as president of the merged bank until his death in 1900. He served in the Wisconsin State Senate for the 1862 and 1863 sessions. His brother was Mark R. Clapp who served in the Wisconsin Territorial Legislature.
Clapp died in Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin.
References
External links
1811 births
1900 deaths
People from Westminster (town), Vermont
Wisconsin state senators
People from Milford, Wisconsin
Businesspeople from Wisconsin
Farmers from Wisconsin
19th-century American politicians
People from Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin
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17003437
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turtle%20Cove%2C%20Texas
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Turtle Cove, Texas
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Turtle Cove is an unincorporated community in Brazoria County, Texas, United States.
The community, located along Oyster Creek, mainly consists of beach houses.
Turtle Cove consists of three side streets and one main street. Homes are located directly on canals that feed into the Intracoastal Waterway which feeds into the Gulf of Mexico. During Tropical Storm Allison, Turtle Cove was devastated by flooding up to 9–10 feet of salt water. Turtle Cove was hit by Hurricane Ike, a strong category 2 storm, early in the morning of September 13, 2008. Its neighbor, Surfside Beach was devastated by storm surge.
External links
Unincorporated communities in Brazoria County, Texas
Unincorporated communities in Texas
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24890567
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gijsbert
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Gijsbert
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Gijsbert is a Dutch masculine given name, which is a variant of the names Gisbert and Gilbert, and means "bright pledge". The name may refer to:
Gijsbert Bos (born 1973), Dutch footballer
Gijsbert Claesz van Campen (1580–1648), Dutch merchant
Gijsbertus Craeyvanger (1810–1895), Dutch painter
Gijsbert Haan (1801–1874), American religious leader
Gijsbert Karel van Hogendorp (1762–1834), Dutch politician
Gijsbert d'Hondecoeter (1604–1653), Dutch painter
Gijsbert de Leve (1926–2009), Dutch mathematician
Gijsbert van Tienhoven (1841–1914), Dutch politician and prime minister
Gijsbert Verhoek (1644–1690), Dutch painter
See also
Gijs
References
Dutch masculine given names
Masculine given names
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10140842
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walpertskirchen
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Walpertskirchen
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Walpertskirchen is a municipality in the district of Erding in Bavaria in Germany.
References
Erding (district)
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40851207
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KK%20ABS%20Primorje
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KK ABS Primorje
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KK ABS Primorje is a professional basketball club from Herceg Novi, Montenegro. The team currently competes in First Erste League. A school for all ages and categories has been organized within the club.
ABS Primorje
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7832590
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexastylis
|
Hexastylis
|
Hexastylis or heartleaf is a segregate of the genus Asarum, in the family Aristolochiaceae. The group comprises ten species endemic to southeastern North America. It is a perennial, evergreen, herbaceous plant with leaves and flowers arising directly from the rhizomes.
Species
There are eighteen species of Hexastylis:
Hexastylis arifolia
Hexastylis callifolia
Hexastylis chueyi
Hexastylis contracta
Hexastylis finzelii
Hexastylis harperi
Hexastylis heterophylla
Hexastylis lewisii
Hexastylis minor
Hexastylis naniflora
Hexastylis rhombiformis
Hexastylis rollinsiae
Hexastylis rosei
Hexastylis ruthii
Hexastylis shuttleworthii
Hexastylis sorriei
Hexastylis speciosa
Hexastylis virginica
References
Piperales genera
Flora of the Eastern United States
Aristolochiaceae
Taxa named by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque
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63564583
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nils%20Vinberg
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Nils Vinberg
|
Nils Vinberg (born 18 June 1957) is a Swedish luger. He competed in the men's singles and doubles events at the 1976 Winter Olympics.
References
1957 births
Living people
Swedish male lugers
Olympic lugers for Sweden
Lugers at the 1976 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Stockholm
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18700969
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clayton%20Morris
|
Clayton Morris
|
Clayton Morris (born December 31, 1976) is an American YouTuber, real estate investor, and former television news anchor. He hosts the Redacted news podcast on his eponymous YouTube channel and a podcast on Investing in Real Estate.
After co-hosting The Daily Buzz and Good Day Philadelphia on Fox's WTXF-TV, he was a co-host of Fox & Friends Weekend on Fox News Channel from 2008 to 2017. He covered consumer technology for Fox and hosted weekly technology segments for Fox News Radio and Fox News. On September 4, 2017, he left Fox News. His real estate ventures have been the subject of several lawsuits, including one filed by the state of Indiana.
Early life
Morris was born in Philadelphia and attended Wilson High School in Spring Township in Berks County (today West Lawn, Pennsylvania), during which time he briefly hosted a comedy show on the local Berks Community Television public access channel. He graduated with a bachelor's degree from the University of Pittsburgh in 1999.
Career
Television, film, and radio
In 2000, Morris appeared in a low-budget thriller film entitled Deception. His television career began when he was a producer for Good Day LA at KTTV, the Fox-owned television station in Los Angeles.
Morris then went on to reporting and anchoring positions at WVVA in Bluefield, West Virginia, and later with the Montana Television Network as a political reporter in the state capital, Helena. He went on to work for The Daily Buzz, a syndicated television morning show, as news correspondent and later host.
In January 2007, Morris was hired by WTXF-TV, the Fox TV station in Philadelphia, to host its morning show, Good Day Philadelphia. He announced in October 2007 that he would leave the station at year's end. Morris then co-hosted Fox & Friends Weekend for Fox News Channel from 2008 to 2017.
In 2012, Morris won the seventh annual "New York's Funniest Reporter" contest, which benefits the Humane Society of New York.
Financial journalism and real estate ventures
Morris hosts the Investing in Real Estate podcast and Morris Invest YouTube channel, and he developed the Financial Freedom Academy, an online financial planning service. Morris and his wife Natali Morris co-authored a book, How to Pay Off Your Mortgage in 5 Years. They also co-host a daily YouTube show on their Redacted channel.
In March 2019, investors filed more than two dozen lawsuits in Indiana and New Jersey, claiming that Morris was running a Ponzi scheme involving the sales of some houses in C- and D-class neighborhoods that were marketed through his investment company, Morris Invest, in Indianapolis. The investors claimed they were sold rental properties which Morris Invest promised to rehabilitate and rent out, earning them rental income. These properties belonged to Bert Whalen. Some investors claimed that they later discovered the properties they received rental income from for several months were boarded up and vacant, and they began receiving city code and country health department violations. Others found they had purchased vacant lots, small shacks or buildings that were falling down. Morris denied responsibility, asserting he referred investors to Whalen and that Whalen was responsible for managing the properties, even though many investors believed they were dealing directly with Morris. In November 2019, Whalen was indicted by a federal grand jury for defrauding investors; the indictment did not name Morris. Whalen pleaded guilty in March 2022.
Morris sued HoltonWiseTV in federal court in October 2019 for $7.2 million, alleging copyright infringement; the case stemmed from HoltonWiseTV's production of a three-hour documentary investigating the alleged involvement of Morris in various real estate scams. In March 2020, Morris lost the suit.
In May 2020, the state of Indiana filed a civil lawsuit against Clayton Morris, among others, for violating Indiana's deceptive sales and home loan acts in real estate deals involving more than 150 properties in Marion County.
Personal life
He and his wife, Natali, have three children and lived in Maplewood, New Jersey, until 2019. They initially planned to move to Pennsylvania in early 2019 but moved to Portugal later that year, with Natali Morris citing the "collective soul challenge" in their business as a reason to leave the country. The family at the time had moved to the country on temporary visas to allow their children to attend schools overseas. The move to Portugal drew criticism from investors suing Morris at the time, who worried that his relocation could make it harder for them to retrieve damages if courts found in their favor.
References
External links
Living people
1976 births
American expatriates in Portugal
American male journalists
American television hosts
American television journalists
Fox News people
People from Berks County, Pennsylvania
People from Maplewood, New Jersey
Technology commentators
University of Pittsburgh alumni
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18910167
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuba%20Forest%20Reserve
|
Yuba Forest Reserve
|
The Yuba Forest Reserve was established by the U.S. Forest Service in California on November 11, 1905, with . On September 17, 1906, the forest was combined with the Tahoe Forest Reserve and the name was discontinued.
References
External links
Forest History Society
Listing of the National Forests of the United States and Their Dates (from the Forest History Society website) Text from Davis, Richard C., ed. Encyclopedia of American Forest and Conservation History. New York: Macmillan Publishing Company for the Forest History Society, 1983. Vol. II, pp. 743-788.
Former National Forests of California
1905 establishments in California
Defunct forest reserves of the United States
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1964245
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihievbe
|
Ihievbe
|
Ihievbe (also spelled Sebe or Isebe) is a town in Owan East local government area of Edo State, Nigeria, Africa with a population of approximately 50,000 people. Geographically, it is between Auchi and Afuze. The name Ihievbe is commonly misspelled in maps and some other literature as Sebe or Isebe. The people of Ihievbe speak the Ihievbe language, a dialect of Edoid as the native language, and English as the common language. Ihievbe are Afemai people. As with the rest of Nigeria, there are two main religions, Christian and Muslim. The subsistence of the people from Ihievbe is mostly based on agriculture and animal husbandry. the ihievbe community was founded by Obo ca.1504—1536, a contemporary of Prince Uguan and according to narrative tradition related to Uzuanbi of Emai. Obo was further related to a junior branch of the royal clan of Benin.
References
Populated places in Edo State
1437 establishments
15th-century establishments in Africa
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37181699
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rathmanna%2C%20Borrisleigh
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Rathmanna, Borrisleigh
|
Rathmanna is a townland containing just over 240 acres in Borrisleigh civil parish in County Tipperary. It should not be confused with the much smaller townland of the same name just across the border in Rahelty civil parish.
At the time of the 1891 census, it had a population of 20; in the 1901 census, this had dropped to 14 but by the 1911 census it had grown marginally to 15.
References
Townlands of County Tipperary
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8430828
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricky%20Subagja
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Ricky Subagja
|
Ricky Subagja (born 27 January 1971) is a former Indonesian badminton player. He was rated among the greatest doubles specialists in the sport's history.
Career
In 1993 the fast moving, faster hitting Subagja won men's doubles at the then biennial IBF World Championships in Birmingham, England with fellow countryman Rudy Gunawan. However, Subagja's regular partner for most of the 90s was another fellow countryman, the equally fast and hard-hitting Rexy Mainaky, and they formed the most successful team of the decade. Subagja and Mainaky won more than thirty international titles together, including all of badminton's major championships at least once. They captured Olympic gold at Atlanta in 1996, the IBF World Championships in 1995 at Lausanne, Switzerland (a repeat title for Subagja), and the prestigious All-England Championships back to back in 1995 and 1996. A partial listing of their other titles includes the open championships of the five strongest nations in men's badminton: China (1992), Indonesia (1993, 1994, 1998, 1999), Malaysia (1993, 1994, 1997), South Korea (1995, 1996), and Denmark (1998); as well as the World Badminton Grand Prix (1992, 1994, 1996), the Badminton World Cup (1993, 1995, 1997), and the quadrennial Asian Games (1994, 1998).
Subagja and Mainaky were bronze medalists at the 1997 IBF World Championships in Glasgow, Scotland. They were eliminated in the quarterfinals at both the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona and the 2000 Olympics in Sydney. They paired together on Indonesian Thomas Cup (men's international) teams that won four consecutive world team titles in 1994, 1996, 1998 and 2000
Awards and nominations
Achievements
Olympic Games
Men's doubles
World Championships
Men's doubles
World Cup
Men's doubles
Asian Games
Men's doubles
Asian Championships
Men's doubles
Asian Cup
Men's doubles
Southeast Asian Games
Men's doubles
Mixed doubles
World Junior Championships
The Bimantara World Junior Championships was an international invitation badminton tournament for junior players. It was held in Jakarta, Indonesia from 1987 to 1991.
Boys' singles
Boys' doubles
Mixed doubles
IBF World Grand Prix (28 titles, 11 runners-up)
The World Badminton Grand Prix sanctioned by International Badminton Federation (IBF) since 1983.
Men's doubles
IBF Grand Prix tournament
IBF Grand Prix Finals tournament
IBF International (1 title, 1 runners-up)
Men's doubles
References
External links
Smash – Ricky Subagja
Profile in Koni
1971 births
Living people
Indonesian Muslims
Sundanese people
Sportspeople from Bandung
Badminton players from West Java
Indonesian male badminton players
Badminton players at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Badminton players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Badminton players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic badminton players for Indonesia
Olympic gold medalists for Indonesia
Olympic medalists in badminton
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Badminton players at the 1994 Asian Games
Badminton players at the 1998 Asian Games
Asian Games gold medalists for Indonesia
Asian Games medalists in badminton
Medalists at the 1994 Asian Games
Medalists at the 1998 Asian Games
SEA Games gold medalists for Indonesia
SEA Games silver medalists for Indonesia
SEA Games bronze medalists for Indonesia
SEA Games medalists in badminton
Competitors at the 1991 SEA Games
Competitors at the 1993 SEA Games
Competitors at the 1995 SEA Games
Competitors at the 1997 SEA Games
World No. 1 badminton players
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36499082
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20Infinity%20of%20Mirrors
|
An Infinity of Mirrors
|
An Infinity of Mirrors was the fifth and most ambitious book by the American satirist and political novelist Richard Condon. First published by Random House in 1964, it is set in France and Germany of the 1930s and 1940s, as seen through the eyes of a beautiful, rich Parisian Jew and her beloved husband, an old-fashioned Prussian army general. What unfolds is and an almost unrelievedly bleak depiction of the rise of the Nazis and the Third Reich .
In spite of a few moments of typical Condonian gayness and insouciance, the overall tone of the book is of foreboding, incipient horror, and the impending doom of the Holocaust. After publishing four novels from 1958 through 1961, Condon was already widely known as the author of The Manchurian Candidate and was the subject of a so-called "Condon Cult". He then took three years to research the historical background of An Infinity of Mirrors and bring it to publication.
All of Condon's earlier books were replete with unexpected moments of violence and gratuitous death but none can compare with An Infinity of Mirrors''' account of mass murder. Perhaps because of the unquestionably depressing nature of the book, it attracted less critical acclaim than his earlier works and did not noticeably expand the Condon Cult. The term "Holocaust" is not used in the book, as it was far less common in 1964, but Condon gives the reader an extremely grim picture of its origins and some of the practical details involved in its bureaucratic, yet evil, execution. The book was not a commercial success and, unlike three of his first four books, was never made into a film.
Impetus
Condon's impetus for writing An Infinity of Mirrors is laid out in an excerpt from a letter from him that takes up the entire back dust cover of the first American edition. In it he writes:
The story of Hitler's nihilism—destruction for the sake of destruction—and the incongruity of Nazis occupying Paris—the Beast in the city of Beauty, as it were—have attracted me since the end of World War II....
What I wanted to say was that when evil confronts us in any form, it is not enough to flee it or to pretend that it is happening to somebody else. But though evil must be opposed, when it is fought with evil's ways it must ultimately corrupt and strangle the opposer.
Critical receptionTime magazine was not greatly impressed by Condon's latest offering and gave it a fairly cursory review:
Richard Condon's apocalyptic pocketa-pocketa has produced a resplendent collection of giants, ogres and drowsy princesses, all flimsily disguised as people. They reappear in this grim foray into Hitler-corrupted Germany, but the author of The Manchurian Candidate has turned from dismayed humor to dismaying homily. Condon's current princess is an enormously wealthy, unbelievably beautiful Frenchwoman; though Jewish, she is married to a monocle-twirling Prussian general who cannot see the evil of Hitler until their adored child dies in a Jewish concentration camp. They retaliate by consigning the guilty SS officer to a grisly fate. However, the novel does not keep its implicit promise to find meaning in mankind's acquiescence in evil. Worse, Condon's stylistic limitations, which hardly matter in a farce, cripple a serious novel. As an old Hollywood press agent and the possessor of a considerable comic talent, he should recall the studio adage that messages are for Western Union.
Flaws were also found in the book by the New York Times reviewer David Dempsey, but the review was generally more favorable:
Any novelist who conspires with history in writing a novel runs the obvious risk of letting history do too much of the work. Something like this has happened to Richard Condon in An Infinity of Mirrors. A note on the dust jacket tells us that the author spent three years researching writing this book, and a bibliographical preface confirms the thoroughness with which this research has been done.
In a way, such conscientiousness is too bad; one suspects that this might have been a better novel if it weren't such good history—if Mr. Condon, that is, had been more willing to play with his characters as fiction creations....
Because Mr. Condon possesses a diverting style (he is best known for his ring-a-ding The Manchurian Candidate), these keys offer admission to a kind of Playboy Club in which all the entertainment is in the Grand Guignol manner. Hitler is discovered to be the owner of the club, brooding and seldom seen, in an inner office. General Keitel is maitre d'hotel. Generals von Stauffenberg and Stuelpnagel are head waiters and SS officers act as bouncers. The club is bankrupt, the bunnies are mostly hors de combat, (if we may be permitted a fractured-French pun), and, as Mr. Condon states in his title, there are lots and lots of mirrors.
Title
The title, as is the case in six of Condon's first seven books, is derived from a fictitious Keener's Manual mentioned in many of his earlier novels: "God surrounded me with an infinity of mirrors which repeat my image again and again and again."The sentence is found as an epigraph on a blank page six pages after the title page and three pages before the beginning of the text.
Characters
Paule Bernheim - Main character
Wilhelm (Veelee) von Rhode - Paule's German husband (Member of Prussian-German Army)
Paul-Alain Bernheim - Paule's French father (Famous actor)
Paul-Alain von Rhode - Paule & Veelee's son
Maitre Gitlin - Paule's French lawyer
Gretel & Gisel - Veelee's sister's
Hans - Gretel's husband
SS Colonel Drayst - Nazi Colonel obsessed with Paule, and tries on several occasions to attack her
Mme. Coitlin - Paule's maid and nurse
Typical Condon quirks and characteristics
The "madness" of Condon's similes and "lunacy" of his metaphors, for which he was already noted, are missing. As are, or almost entirely muted, many of his other characteristics, such as long, madcap, detailed lists of trivia. Among the noticeably few similes and metaphors are:
"Gretel spoke the local dialect flawlessly, but to Paule it sounded like a Mandarin singing in Gaelic."
"Piocher disengaged himself from Fräulein Nortnung in a manner reminiscent of a driver getting out from under an overturned truck."An Infinity of Mirrors,'' does have, however, a notable example of Condon's penchant for playful lists, in this case the delineation of those attending the funeral of a famous French actor and notable lover:
Seven ballerinas of an amazing spectrum of ages were at graveside. Actresses of films, opera, music halls, the theatre, radio, carnivals, circuses, pantomimes, and lewd exhibitions mourned in the front line. There were also society leaders, lady scientists, women politicians, mannequins, couturières, Salvation Army lassies, all but one of his wives, a lady wrestler, a lady matador, twenty-three lady painters, four lady sculptors, a car-wash attendant, shopgirls, shoplifters, shoppers, and the shopped; a zoo assistant, two choir girls, a Métro attendant from the terminal at the Bois de Vincennes, four beauty-contest winners, a chambermaid; the mothers of children, the mothers of men, the grandmothers of children and the grandmothers of men; and the general less specialized, female public-at-large which had come from eleven European countries, women perhaps whom he had only pinched or kissed absent-mindedly while passing through his busy life. They attended twenty-eight hundred and seventy strong, plus eleven male friends of the deceased.
References
1964 American novels
Novels by Richard Condon
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6994419
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonham%20%28band%29
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Bonham (band)
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Bonham was a British/Canadian hard rock and heavy metal band founded in 1988 by drummer Jason Bonham, the son of late Led Zeppelin drummer John Bonham. The band's most successful line-up was also its initial one which included late singer Daniel MacMaster, bassist/keyboardist John Smithson, and guitarist Ian Hatton. The band had released four studio albums between 1989 and 1997.
History
In 1989, their debut album The Disregard of Timekeeping topped the rock airplay charts on the success of the single "Wait for You" and helped Bonham garner a gold record from the RIAA in 1990. The band toured extensively for two years, but the impact of such early success on its young members caused a great deal of internal friction. After a lengthy tour, Bonham released their second and final album together, Mad Hatter. Jason Bonham then decided to concentrate on session work and writing new music.
In 1994, Jason Bonham reunited with Ian Hatton and John Smithson from his former band, this time featuring new lead vocalist Marti Frederiksen. This new lineup was known as Motherland. They released one album titled Peace 4 Me. Following the abortive Motherland project, Jason put together the Jason Bonham Band, recruiting lead vocalist Chas West, guitarist Tony Catania, and Smithson on bass and keyboards. Their 1997 album When You See the Sun was produced by ex-Motherland lead vocalist Marti Frederiksen and features backing vocals by Jason's aunt Debbie Bonham on the track "Turning Back the Time". It was preceded by In the Name of My Father - The Zepset - Live from Electric Ladyland, released by the Bonham / West / Catania / Smithson line-up earlier that same year.
On 16 March 2008, former lead vocalist Daniel MacMaster died at the age of 39 from a Group A streptococcal infection which he thought was a cold and developed sepsis.
Original Bonham vocalist Paul Rafferty, together with fellow Brit Sean Manning, former guitarist for Quiet Riot and Hurricane, released the Led Zeppelin influenced The Exiles album in 1996 under the name Sean Manning & Paul Rafferty. He has since retired from music and become a respected painter based in the South of France, California and London. Rafferty guested with guitarist Joe Bonamassa at several stops during the 2009 The Ballad of John Henry tour, including the Nice Jazz Festival, and again the following year on the Black Rock tour, including the show in Zagreb, Croatia.
Post-Bonham bands and projects
Bonham appeared in the movies in 2000 as part of the fictitious band Steel Dragon fronted by actor Mark Wahlberg in the film Rock Star (also known as Metal God). His partners in this project were Dokken bassist Jeff Pilson and Ozzy Osbourne guitarist Zakk Wylde.
Bonham joined American act Healing Sixes in 2000. Healing Sixes was based in Indianapolis, IN. Their Manager Rick Hudnall arranged a two-week tour for them opening for The Jason Bonham Band. That tour was through the Midwest. Hudnall says "I noticed as the tour went on Jason would spend more and more time in the back of the venues watching and listening to Healing Sixes as opening set. That led to an impromptu jam with the band's vocalist Doug Henthorn, guitarist Eric Saylors and bassist Chaz Winzenread. It went so well that about two songs into it Jason asked to join Healing Sixes. Together they went on to record an album "Enormosound" on Corazong Records. It was recorded at The Hit Factory in New York City and produced by Kevin "Caveman" Shirley. Album cover art was done by Storm Thorgerson.
Since making his studio debut on When You See the Sun with the Jason Bonham Band, vocalist Chas West has recorded with 3 Legged Dogg and Resurrection Kings, both featuring Vinny Appice of Black Sabbath and Dio fame, Tribe of Gypsies, and Tango Down, and is currently fronting his own band, West Bound, whose debut album, Volume I, is slated for an early 2019 release.
West appeared with the new Foreigner, featuring Jason Bonham on drums, at their 25 July 2004 show in Santa Barbara, California, at Fess Parker's Doubletree Resort, a benefit for muscular dystrophy, but was subsequently replaced by Kelly Hansen. West has also worked as a touring vocalist with Lynch Mob, Steve Priest's Sweet, Diamond Head, and Jake E. Lee's Red Dragon Cartel. He is the vocalist for Los Angeles, California-based Led Zeppelin tribute band, The Moby Dicks, who have appeared at the annual Bonzo Bash festivities.
Band members
Jason Bonham – drums, percussion, backing vocals (1988–1992, 1994, 1995–1997)
John Smithson – bass, keyboards, piano, violin, backing vocals (1988–1992, 1994, 1995–1997)
Ian Hatton – guitars, backing vocals (1988–1992, 1994)
Paul Rafferty – lead vocals (1988–1989)
Daniel MacMaster – lead vocals, keyboards, tambourine (1988–1992; died 2008)
Marti Frederiksen – lead vocals, guitar (1994)
Tony Catania – guitars, backing vocals (1995–1997)
Chas West – lead vocals (1995–1997)
Timeline
Discography
Studio albums
Bonham
The Disregard of Timekeeping (1989)
Mad Hatter (1992)
Motherland
Peace 4 Me (1994)
The Jason Bonham Band
When You See The Sun (1997)
Singles
References
External links
Jason Bonham website
Marti Frederiksen website
Tony Catania website
Paul Rafferty website
British glam metal musical groups
British hard rock musical groups
British heavy metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 1988
Musical groups disestablished in 1997
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth%20Harriet%20Louise
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Ruth Harriet Louise
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Ruth Harriet Louise (born Ruth Goldstein; January 13, 1903 – October 12, 1940) was an American photographer. She was the first woman photographer active in Hollywood, and she ran Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer's portrait studio from 1925 to 1930.
Early life and career
Ruth Harriet Louise was born Ruth Goldstein in New York City and raised in New Brunswick, New Jersey. She was the daughter of Klara Jacobson Sandrich Goldstein, who was born in Rajec, Hungary (present-day Slovakia) and Jacob Goldstein, who was a rabbi originally from England. Her brother was director Mark Sandrich, and she was a cousin of silent film actress Carmel Myers.
Louise began working as a portrait photographer in 1922, working out of a music store down the block from the New Brunswick temple at which her father was a rabbi. Most of her photographs from this period are of family members and members of her father's temple congregation.
In 1925, she moved to Los Angeles and set up a small photo studio on Hollywood and Vine. Louise's first published Hollywood photo was of Vilma Banky in costume for Dark Angel, and appeared in Photoplay magazine in September 1925.
When Louise was hired by MGM as chief portrait photographer, she was twenty-two years old, and the only woman working as a portrait photographer for the Hollywood studios. In a career that lasted only five years, Louise photographed all the stars, contract players, and many of the hopefuls who passed through the studio's front gates, including Greta Garbo (Louise was one of only seven photographers permitted to make portraits of her), Lon Chaney, John Gilbert, Joan Crawford, Marion Davies, Anna May Wong, Nina Mae McKinney, and Norma Shearer. It is estimated she took more than 100,000 photos during her tenure at MGM. Today she is considered an equal with George Hurrell Sr. and other renowned glamour photographers of the era.
In addition to paying close attention to costume and setting for studio photographs, Louise also incorporated aspects of modernist movements such as Cubism, futurism, and German expressionism into her studio portraits.
Although during this time photographers would not get full recognition of their work, Ruth would stamp the back of each photograph that was printed with her full name. A female photographer in a highly dominated male industry, she made sure that her work was acknowledged.
Personal life and death
Louise married writer and director Leigh Jason in 1927 at Temple B'nai B'rith, with William Wyler as Jason's best man. Although in 1930 her contract with MGM was not renewed and the position of chief portrait photographer went to George Hurrell, Louise continued working through 1932, and her last recorded photo session was with actress Anna Sten.
In 1932, she gave birth to a son, Leigh Jason Jr., who died in 1938 of leukemia when he was six years old. In 1938, her occupation was listed as "housewife" and she was registered as a Democrat. She died, along with her second son, in 1940 of complications from childbirth, and she was buried with her sons at Home of Peace Cemetery.
Further reading
Dance, R.; Robertson, B.: Ruth Harriet Louise and Hollywood Glamour Photography, Univ. of California Press 2002; .
Kobal, John. Hollywood Glamor Portraits: 145 Photos of Stars, 1926-1949. Courier Corporation, 1976. .
Vieira, Mark A. George Hurrell's Hollywood: Glamour Portraits 1925-1992. Running Press, 2013. .
Notes
External links
The Ruth Harriet Louise Collection
Ruth Harriet Louise on Flickr.
Greta Garbo and Louise: When they met...
Greta Garbo photographs by Ruth Harriet Louise.
1903 births
1940 deaths
American portrait photographers
Photographers from Los Angeles
20th-century American Jews
20th-century American photographers
Deaths in childbirth
20th-century American women photographers
California Democrats
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73723996
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USCGC%20Spencer
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USCGC Spencer
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The following ships of the United States Coast Guard have borne the name USCGC Spencer;
, a cutter in service from 1937 to 1974
, a medium endurance cutter that entered service in 1986
United States Coast Guard ship names
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12827207
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave%20Amadio
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Dave Amadio
|
David Augustus "Hoss" Amadio (April 23, 1939 – April 10, 1981) was a Canadian professional ice hockey player who played 125 games in the National Hockey League with the Los Angeles Kings and Detroit Red Wings between 1958 and 1969. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1958 to 1974, was spent in various minor leagues.
Early life
Amadio was born in Glace Bay, Nova Scotia, and raised in Donkin, Nova Scotia.
Career
Amadio spent much of his professional career, playing 500 games over eight seasons, with the Springfield Indians of the American Hockey League, including the team's Calder Cup championship in 1961–62. Amadio holds the AHL record for most goals by a defenseman in a game with five, scored against future Hockey Hall of Fame goaltender Gerry Cheevers and the Rochester Americans on February 8, 1964. Amadio scored the first two goals of the next night's match against the Pittsburgh Hornets, for a total of seven goals in less than 40 minutes of play; he only four other goals in the entire season.
Following his retirement as a player after the 1974 season, Amadio coached a single season for the Calgary Centennials of the Western Canada Hockey League.
Death
Amadio died of a heart attack in 1981, less than two weeks shy of his 42nd birthday.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
References
External links
1939 births
1981 deaths
Calgary Centennials coaches
Canadian ice hockey coaches
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Denver Spurs (WHL) players
Detroit Red Wings players
Edmonton Flyers (WHL) players
Hamilton Tiger Cubs players
Hershey Bears players
Ice hockey people from Nova Scotia
Kansas City Blues (ice hockey) players
Los Angeles Kings players
People from Glace Bay
Salt Lake Golden Eagles (WHL) players
Seattle Totems (WHL) players
Sportspeople from the Cape Breton Regional Municipality
Springfield Indians players
Springfield Kings players
Sudbury Wolves (EPHL) players
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516210
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muddy%20Creek%20%28Colorado%29
|
Muddy Creek (Colorado)
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Muddy Creek is a tributary of the Colorado River, approximately long, in north central Colorado in the United States.
It rises in northwestern Grand County, in the Routt National Forest west of Rabbit Ears Pass at the continental divide. It flows south, east, then southwest, and joins the Colorado near Kremmling.
Wolford Mountain Reservoir
The creek was dammed in 1996 to create the Wolford Mountain Reservoir, which forms part of the Wolford Mountain Recreation Area.
See also
List of rivers of Colorado
List of tributaries of the Colorado River
References
Rivers of Colorado
Rivers of Grand County, Colorado
Tributaries of the Colorado River in Colorado
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34824279
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munchi%20%28DJ%29
|
Munchi (DJ)
|
Rajiv Münch (born 29 July 1989), better known by his stage name Munchi, is a Dutch producer and DJ of Dominican descent, born and raised in Rotterdam, Netherlands. He is credited to have made "the first truly original work" for moombahton, taking "the sound to the next level" and being the originator of moombahcore. Even though Munchi is credited mainly for moombahton, it was his versatility and unique production style that brought him into public attention. Notably producing a wide selection of genres and incorporating these elements in his music. This is best represented in the Murda Sound debut on T&A Records, consisting of a wide variety of genres doing Munchi's versatility justice. In December 2010 Munchi was featured with 3 tracks on M.I.A.'s Vicki Leekx mixtape, and in July 2012 on Azealia Banks' Fantasea mixtape, with the track "Esta Noche."
Background
Munchi started making music in 2004 when his brother bought him Acid Pro. He met future collaborator David Heartbreak via MySpace in 2009. After Munchi mentioned Dave Nada's Moombahton EP, Heartbreak wanted to learn more about the genre and invited him to Charlotte. While touring the United States in March 2011, Munchi suffered a seizure caused by an intracerebral hemorrhage. After learning of Münch's condition, fellow producers DJ Ayres, Tittsworth and Dave Nada organised a fundraiser "to pay for surgery, medication and flight home for the non-American insured producer". He spent 9 hours in coma and 11 days in the hospital, but when noticing the overwhelming support it inspired him to recover faster during 2011.
Discography
Free EPs
2009:
Dubstep Promo - [SEL-PR001]
Baltimore Club Promo - [SEL-PR002]
2010:
Baile Funk Promo - [SEL-PR003]
B-more 2.0/2.1 + B-more Dub VIP's - [SEL-PR004]
Moombahton Promo - [SEL-PR005]
Munbreakton EP (with David Heartbreak) - [SEL-PR006]
Cumbia XXX - [SEL-PR007]
Kuduro Promo - [SEL-PR008]
Fuck H&M (with David Heartbreak) - [SEL-PR009]
2011:
H/M (with David Heartbreak) - [SEL-PR010]
Rotterdam Juke EP - [SEL-PR011]
2012:
3 Ball Dub Ep - [SEL-PR012]
Rotterdam Trap EP - [SEL-PR013]
2013:
Vol. I: Skulltrap - [SEL-VL001]
Moombahton Is Dead (V/A) - [SELPR001]
2014:
Boom Bap Back (with Jon Kwest) - [SELPR002]
Vol. II: Rasterinha (Contos Do Caderninho Verde) - [SELPR003]
Vol. III: Perreo 101 - [SELPR004]
EPs
2010:
Murda Sound EP - [T&A019]
2012:
Moombahtonista EP - [MAD136]
2016:
Naffie Back/Pa Lo Under EP - [SEL003]
Compilations
2010:
Summer of Moombahton - [Self Released]
2011:
Verano del Moombahton - [Self Released]
Mixtapes
2010:
M.I.A. - Vicki Leekx
Singles
2008:
Munchi - Nex Aan Te Doen Prt. 1
2010:
Munchi - Break Your Fucking Face
David Banner ft Lil' Flip - Like A Pimp (Munchi Has Bad Table Manners Moombahton Edit)
Juvenile - Back That Ass Up (Munchi Reggeton Edit)
Datsik - Firepower (Munchi Moombahcore Rmx)
TC - Where's My Money (Caspa Rmx - Munchi's Kinda Aggressive Right Now Moombahcore Rmx)
2011:
Soulja Boy - Pretty Boy Swag (Diplo & Munchi's 'Dude, I Can Make This In 5 Min With Acid Pro' Edit)
Munchi ft M.I.A. - Murda Sound VIP
Munchi ft Chito Rock - Bebe De To
Munchi - Despair - Moombahsoul Vol. I
Munchi - Gracias - Moombahton Massive II
Munchi - Jimi Knows - Verano Del Moombahton
Munchi - Virtud - Moombahsoul Vol. II
Nadastrom & Munchi ft Jen Lasher - Say My Name - El Baile Diabluma
2012:
Munchi ft Lakey - Not Usually
Munchi - Fuck This
Munchi - Te Gusta Mi Mambo Mami - Moombah Fiesta Vol. II
2013:
Bro Safari x Munchi - Sin Compromiso (Munchi's Fuck Bitch Promoters VIP)
2014:
Munchi ft Isa GT - Isa Te Dijo - Alegria/Isa Te Dijo
2017:
Munchi - Guess Who's Back
Remixes
2010:
Steve Starks - Git Em (Munchi Kuduro Rmx)
Bassanovva - Chickenlover (Munchi Likes Em Fried Moombahton Rmx)
Dogz & Bumps ft MC Zulu - Carnival Madness (Munchi's Only Beers & Rubbers Rmx)
2011:
Nguzunguzu - Unfold (Munchi Likes Excessive Amounts Of Bass Mambo Juke Rmx)
Dillon Francis & Dave Nada - Brazzers Theme (Munchi's Fuck That It's Bangbros Rmx)
Autodidakt ft Spoek Mathambo - Fake Fred Perry (Munchi Is Muito Random Rmx)
Buraka Som Sistema - Hangover (Munchi Airhorn Alert Rmx)
Professor Angel Dust - Go (Munchi Thought Criminal Rmx)
Bert On Beats - Bone Dat (Munchi's 'Nope This Aint Moombahton Dude' Trap Bubbling Rmx)
2012:
Noisia - Tommy's Theme (Munchi's Fear Is Weakness Rmx)
Skrillex – Ruffneck (FULL Flex) (Munchi Anonymous Revolution Rmx)
References
External links
Munchi's Discography on Discogs
My Son The DJ: Ep 7. Munchi
1989 births
Living people
Dutch dance musicians
Dutch DJs
Dutch electronic musicians
Dutch record producers
Moombahcore musicians
Musicians from Rotterdam
Electronic dance music DJs
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10105198
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat%20Dunsmore
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Pat Dunsmore
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Patrick Neil "Pat" Dunsmore (born October 2, 1959) is a former professional American football player who played tight end for three seasons for the Chicago Bears. He is a graduate of Ankeny High School in Ankeny, Iowa and Drake University. He switched sports (to football) as a senior in high school and switched positions (to tight end) as a senior in college. He played for Drake during a historically successful era for the school. As a professional, he is best remembered as the recipient of a Walter Payton playoff touchdown and a victim of a pileup in a bench clearing brawl. He is the father of Drake Dunsmore.
Early life
At Ankeny, he competed in basketball until his senior year, when he became a football player and earned a football scholarship. At Drake, he was a highly regarded tight end, after converting from wide receiver as a senior, who slipped to the 106th pick in the 1983 NFL Draft after suffering a knee injury while skiing in early 1983. On September 13, 1980 he had 142 yards and six receptions for two touchdowns against Ball State. Dunsmore, was part of a historic era for Drake Bulldogs football including the nearly undefeated 1981 Drake Bulldogs football team. The team's 7–0 start was the school's first in 37 years, which caused Sports Illustrated to do a feature on the team. Then, he was part of the Bears 1983 Draft class with Jimbo Covert, Willie Gault, Mike Richardson, Dave Duerson, Tom Thayer, Richard Dent and Mark Bortz.
Professional career
He played all 16 games for the 1983 Bears, making 8 receptions for 102 yards. He was placed on injured reserve on August 30, 1984 and taken off of injured reserve on September 29, 1984. He then played in 11 regular season games for the 1984 Bears, totaling 9 receptions for 106 yards and a touchdown. He caught a 19-yard touchdown pass from Walter Payton in the 1984–85 NFL playoffs on December 30 against the Washington Redskins, but was on injured reserve during the 1985 Bears Super Bowl XX season. The 23–19 victory at RFK Stadium was the team's first playoff victory since 1963. The play occurred two minutes before the half when Payton took a pitch from Steve Fuller and threw the pass, giving the Bears a 10–3 halftime lead.
Dunsmore was able to play with the 1986 Bears in the preseason. In a late preseason game against the St. Louis Cardinals, Dunsmore came to the aid of teammate Keith Van Horne during a bench-clearing brawl. Dunsmore and Van Horne were pinned against the wall behind the Cardinals bench. Dunsmore was trampled, kicked and punched by Charlie Baker, Ottis Anderson and Earnest Gray on national television. Dunsmore was among the last four players cut when the team cut to the 45-man roster limit a little over a week later. The following week, when fines were announced by the NFL, Otis Wilson expressed his disbelief ". . . Dunsmore got fined? He almost got killed."
Notes
1959 births
Living people
American football tight ends
Chicago Bears players
Drake Bulldogs football players
Drake University alumni
People from Ankeny, Iowa
Players of American football from Duluth, Minnesota
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33513943
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lasiodiplodia
|
Lasiodiplodia
|
Lasiodiplodia is a genus of fungi in the family Botryosphaeriaceae. There were about 21 species. Lasiodiplodia, commonly referred to as black-soot disease, is a significant pathogen in tropical forestry.
Species
As accepted by Species Fungorum;
Lasiodiplodia americana
Lasiodiplodia aquilariae
Lasiodiplodia avicenniae
Lasiodiplodia avicenniarum
Lasiodiplodia brasiliensis
Lasiodiplodia bruguierae
Lasiodiplodia caatinguensis
Lasiodiplodia chinensis
Lasiodiplodia chonburiensis
Lasiodiplodia cinnamomi
Lasiodiplodia citri
Lasiodiplodia citricola
Lasiodiplodia crassispora
Lasiodiplodia curvata
Lasiodiplodia egyptiaca
Lasiodiplodia endophytica
Lasiodiplodia euphorbiaceicola
Lasiodiplodia exigua
Lasiodiplodia fiorii
Lasiodiplodia frezaliana
Lasiodiplodia gilanensis
Lasiodiplodia gonubiensis
Lasiodiplodia gravistriata
Lasiodiplodia hormozganensis
Lasiodiplodia hyalina
Lasiodiplodia indica
Lasiodiplodia iraniensis
Lasiodiplodia irregularis
Lasiodiplodia jatrophicola
Lasiodiplodia krabiensis
Lasiodiplodia laeliocattleyae
Lasiodiplodia laosensis
Lasiodiplodia lignicola
Lasiodiplodia macroconidia
Lasiodiplodia macrospora
Lasiodiplodia magnoliae
Lasiodiplodia mahajangana
Lasiodiplodia margaritacea
Lasiodiplodia marypalmiae
Lasiodiplodia mediterranea
Lasiodiplodia microconidia
Lasiodiplodia missouriana
Lasiodiplodia nigra
Lasiodiplodia pandanicola
Lasiodiplodia paraphysaria
Lasiodiplodia parva
Lasiodiplodia plurivora
Lasiodiplodia pontae
Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae
Lasiodiplodia pyriformis
Lasiodiplodia ricini
Lasiodiplodia rubropurpurea
Lasiodiplodia sterculiae
Lasiodiplodia subglobosa
Lasiodiplodia swieteniae
Lasiodiplodia tenuiconidia
Lasiodiplodia thailandica
Lasiodiplodia theobromae
Lasiodiplodia thomasiana
Lasiodiplodia tropica
Lasiodiplodia undulata
Lasiodiplodia vaccinii
Lasiodiplodia venezuelensis
Lasiodiplodia viticola
Lasiodiplodia vitis
Former species;
L. abnormis = Granulodiplodia abnormis
L. nigra = Lasiodiplodia theobromae
L. tubericola = Lasiodiplodia theobromae
L. triflorae = Lasiodiplodia theobromae
References
External links
Botryosphaeriaceae
Dothideomycetes genera
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5453173
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerlingen
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Gerlingen
|
Gerlingen (Swabian: Gaerlenge) is a town in the district of Ludwigsburg, Baden-Württemberg, Germany. It is situated 9 km west of Stuttgart, and 15 km southwest of Ludwigsburg. Gerlingen is home to Bosch, a major engineering and electronics company.
Geography
Gerlingen is the southernmost district of Ludwigsburg, neighboring the town of Ditzingen to the north, the district of Stuttgart to the east, and the town of Leonberg to the west.
The urban area is split between two distinct parts. In the north, a part of the Neckar Basin which is predominantly agricultural. In the south, the Gelmswald and hills to the western border with Leonberg.
History
Early history
Paleolithic history is largely unknown beyond three pieces of mammoth tooth found during a construction project in 1955. Evidence of Linear pottery culture of the early Neolithic were found in 1972 when potsherds as well as other rocks, bones, and fire equipment were found.
Twin towns
Vesoul, France, (1964)
Tata, Hungary, (1987)
Seaham, United Kingdom, (1988)
Sons and daughters of the city
Johannes Rebmann (1820-1876), missionary, linguist and geographer, 1848 "Discoverer" of Kilimanjaro
Rainer Wieland (born 1957), lawyer and politician (CDU), Vice-President of the European Parliament
Smudo (born 1968), birth name Michael Schmidt, singer of the band Die Fantastischen Vier
Laurents Hörr (born 1997), racing driver
References
External links
Ludwigsburg (district)
Württemberg
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71525852
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manlio%20Moro
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Manlio Moro
|
Manlio Moro (born 17 March 2002) is an Italian cyclist who currently rides for UCI Continental team .
Major results
Track
2021
UEC European Under-23 Championships
3rd Individual pursuit
3rd Team pursuit
2022
UEC European Under-23 Championships
1st Team pursuit
3rd Individual pursuit
2nd Team pursuit, UCI World Championships
3rd Individual pursuit, UEC European Championships
2023
1st Team pursuit, UEC European Championships
2nd Team pursuit, UCI World Championships
2nd Team pursuit, UCI Nations Cup, Milton
Road
2019
1st Gran Premio Eccellenze Valli del Soligo (TTT)
2021
1st Coppa Città di Bozzolo
2022
1st Trofeo Menci Spa
2023
1st Coppa Città di Castiglion Fiorentino
5th Memorial Polese
5th GP dell'Industria Civitanova Marche
7th GP Misano 100 Open Games
References
External links
2002 births
Living people
Italian male cyclists
21st-century Italian people
Italian track cyclists
People from Pordenone
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3056437
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plod
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Plod
|
Plod may refer to:
a slang term for a policeman
Mr. Plod, a fictional police officer in the Noddy stories written by Enid Blyton
Postman Plod, a fictional character from the British adult spoof comic magazine Viz
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8610357
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siegerrebe
|
Siegerrebe
|
Siegerrebe (literally "Victory vine" in German) is a white wine grape that is grown primarily in Germany with some plantings in England, Vancouver Island, Washington state, British Columbia's North Okanagan and Fraser Valley and Nova Scotia's Annapolis Valley along with a small planting in Tasmania, Australia at Every Man and His Dog Vineyard. Siegerrebe was created by German viticulturalist Dr. Georg Scheu (1879-1949) in 1929 at a grape-breeding institute in Alzey in Rheinhessen, by crossing Madeleine Angevine and Gewürztraminer. However, Georg Scheu's son Heinz Scheu has claimed in a book that Siegerrebe was the result of self-pollination of Madeleine Angevine. Siegerrebe received varietal protection and was released for general cultivation in Germany in 1958.
In 2019, there were of Siegerrebe in Germany with a decreasing trend, in similarity with other "new breeds" of white varieties.] In Belgium, it is authorised for all still wine AOCs : Côtes de Sambre et Meuse, Hageland, Haspengouw, et Heuvelland.
Viticultural characteristics
The vine is suited to colder climates as bud-burst is late and fruit ripening is very early however due to these traits bird depredation is serious and attack by wasps can be a problem. The vines are fruitful and vigor is low with grape bunches being large, red in colour and loosely packed. It has a susceptibility to chlorosis. Killing temperature of Siegerrebe is .
Siegerrebe easily reaches high must weights and is noted as the record holder for highest must weight recorded in Germany. During the 1971 harvest in the Rheinpfalz, a parcel of Trockenbeerenauslese Siegerrebe recorded 326 Oechsle, which is more than twice the minimum level of ripeness needed for a wine to qualify as Trockenbeerenauslese.
Siegerrebe wines
Despite high must weights the wine tends to be very low in acid. The acid tends to drop rapidly in the grape as ripeness approaches.. The finished wine has an intense aroma reminiscent of Muscat and tends to be used in blending rather than a varietal wine, however the flavour is reminiscent of Gewürztraminer. Many Siegerrebe wines are high in extract and yellow-green to golden yellow in colour. Because Siegerrebe ripens early, it is sometimes used for Federweisser early in the German harvest season. In Washington State, Siegerrebe is grown only on the west side of the Cascade Mountain, in the Puget Sound AVA and in the SW Washington region, with GDD50 ranging in the 1600F-2000F. This is undoubtedly the most popular white grape with the west side growers.
Synonyms
Siegerrebe is also known under the synonyms Alzey 7957, AZ 7957, Scheu 7957 and Sieger.
References
White wine grape varieties
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaspare%20Tagliacozzi
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Gaspare Tagliacozzi
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Gaspare Tagliacozzi (his last name has also been spelled Taliacotius, Tagliacoze or Tagliacozzio; Bologna, March 1545 – Bologna, 7 November 1599) was an Italian surgeon, pioneer of plastic and reconstructive surgery.
Biography
Tagliacozzi was born in Bologna.
Tagliacozzi began his medical studies in 1565. He studied at the University of Bologna under Gerolamo Cardano for medicine, Ulisse Aldrovandi for natural sciences and Julius Caesar Aranzi for anatomy. At the age of twenty-four, he earned his degree in philosophy and medicine.
Career
He was then appointed professor of surgery and later was appointed professor of anatomy. He taught at the Archiginnasio of Bologna. The amphitheater in which Tagliacozzi taught was severely damaged by American bombing during World War II. The theater was rebuilt and currently houses a wooden statue of Tagliacozzi. It is in this room that Tagliacozzi taught until 1595.
In 1568, two years before graduating, Tagliacozzi began practicing in the Hospital of Death, which was a sort of clinic for students since it was near the Archiginnasio. The hospital was run by a "Brotherhood of Death" whose job was to visit prisons and comfort those condemned to death. Through this brotherhood Tagliacozzi procured the bodies of executed prisoners for use in dissections. In his will, Tagliacozzi gave the responsibility of his burial to the brotherhood.
He improved on the work of the Sicilian Surgeon Gustavo Branca and his son Antonio (who lived in Catania in the 15th century) and developed the so-called "Italian method" of nasal reconstruction. His principal work is entitled De Curtorum Chirurgia per Insitionem (1597) ("On the Surgery of Mutilation by Grafting"). In this book, he described in great detail the procedures that had been carried out empirically by the Branca and Vianeo families of Sicily since the 15th century AD. The work has bestowed upon him the honor of being one of the first plastic surgeons and a quote from the book has become synonymous with plastic surgery. "We restore, rebuild, and make whole those parts which nature hath given, but which fortune has taken away. Not so much that it may delight the eye, but that it might buoy up the spirit, and help the mind of the afflicted."
Death and memorial service
Tagliacozzi died at Bologna on 7 November 1599 and was buried in the church of the nuns of St. John the Baptist as he had ordered in his will. On the 26th of the same month a solemn mass was held in the same church in his honor which was attended by all doctors collegiate. During the ceremony Muzio Piacentini, a colleague of Tagliacozzi, gave the funeral oration, while some of the other participants recited rhymes of praise
Brief history of the Italian method
This operation for nasal reconstruction (rhinoplasty) was developed in Italy due to the popularity of duelling with rapier in the fifteenth, sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. The inventors of the method are believed to be surgeons Gustavo Branca and his son Antonio, who lived in Catania. Branca de Branca (the senior) used a skin flap from the cheek and years later, his son Antonio Branca used a flap raised from the arm. It has been suggested that reconstructive surgical methods described in the Sushruta Samhita, which was translated into Arabic in the 8th century, traveled further to Italy and was incorporated into the methods described by Branca. The technique was then taken up in Calabria during the sixteenth century by two brothers, surgeons Peter and Paul Boiano (also called Vianeo). This process was described by the great anatomist Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564) but, he wrongly advised using the muscle and the skin of the arm to reconstruct the nose. The Italian method was criticized by Gabriele Fallopio (1523-1562) as such a procedure could force the patient to remain with the arm immobilized for many months, and the result was not guaranteed as the skin would often detach. Tagliacozzi probably knew the method of Boiano through the description of Leonardo Fioravanti. Tagliacozzi's method was practiced by Fortunio Liceti, who mentions it in his De monstruorum nature causis et differentiis of 1616; by Henricus Moinichen in Observationes Medical chirurgicae of 1691; and by Thomas Feyens, surgeon to the University of Louvain, who had studied in Bologna with Tagliacozzi, in his work De praecipuis Artis Chirurgicae controversiis which was published posthumously in 1669. Use of this surgical innovation declined during the seventeenth century throughout Europe and the method of Tagliacozzi was actually forgotten, until it was rediscovered and applied in 1800 by the German surgeon Karl Ferdinand von Graefe, whereupon it was used right up to the early twentieth century.
Notes
References
Jerome Pierce Webster, Martha Teach Gnudi - Documenti inediti intorno alla vita di Gaspare Tagliacozzi in Studi e memorie per la storia dell'Università di Bologna, 1935
Pietro Capparoni, Profili bio-bibliografici di medici e naturalisti celebri Italiani, dal sec. XV al secolo XVIII, volume 1, Istituto nazionale medico farmacologico "Serono", 1926
Alfonso Corradi, Dell'antica autoplastica Italiana in Memorie del Regio Istituto lombardo di scienze e lettere. Classe di scienze matematiche e naturali, volume 13, Milano, 1875
Sulla restituzione del naso - rapporto del Cavaliere Alberto De Schomberg, Giornale Arcadico di Scienze, Lettere ed Arti, Tomo VI, aprile - maggio - giugno 1820
Ambrogio Bertrandi, Opere anatomiche e cerusiche - con note e supplementi dei chirurghi G. A. Penchienati e G. Brugnone, Tomo III, Torino, 1787
Gaspare Tagliacozzi, De curtorum chirurgia per insitionem, Venezia, 1597
External links
Some places and memories related to Gasparo Tagliacozzi on Himetop - The History of Medicine Topographical Database
1546 births
1599 deaths
Physicians from Bologna
16th-century Italian physicians
Italian plastic surgeons
16th-century Italian inventors
Medical educators
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60112911
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UK%20arms%20export
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UK arms export
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UK arms export refers to trades of UK-made weapons around the world. The country is one of the world’s most successful arms exporters. According to the analysis by Action on Armed Violence, Military arms deals have been prepared £39bn between 2008 and 2017.
According to the Campaign Against Arms Trade (CATT), the UK mostly has exported arms to United States, India, France, Germany, Italy, Oman, South Africa, Turkey, South Korea, Israel, the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia.
History
UK Trade and investment reveals that "The UK is one of the world's most successful defence exporters, averaging second place in the global rankings on a rolling ten-year basis, making it Europe's leading defence exporter in the period". Also, the UK is known as the most robust export control government in the world. Every application is considered on a case-by-case basis against the Consolidated EU and National Arms Export Licensing Criteria. It is proctored, as reported by a spokesman for the Department for International Trade.
According to the analysis by Action on Armed Violence, military arms deals have been prepared £39bn between 2008 and 2017, £12bn of which belongs to states included on the Foreign and Commonwealth Office human rights “priority countries” list. The analysis of the figures, collated by the Campaign Against the Arms Trade using export control data from the Department for International Trade is indicating a growing trend.
As CAAT mentioned, It is probable to be “conservative estimate” because of an opaque system of “open” licenses that allow an unlimited number for exporting, but less scrutiny of “open” licenses has been denied by the DIT. In 2016, 5,782 export licenses for military items in countries of concern which provide £1.5bn was reported.
British sales worldwide
The Audit of the Government’s Annual Report on Strategic Export Controls reported that the UK-made arms were exported to 159 countries in 2000.
Since 2010, British arms have been transferred to 51 countries, 22 of which were mentioned on the UK Government's own human rights watch list. Most were located in Middle Eastern countries where terror threats have been increasing steadily.
In 2016 most of arms exports went to 18 countries including China, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain, Israel, Egypt, and Pakistan. In 2017 Israel was the second-biggest buyer of UK arms which was appointed on the Foreign and Commonwealth Office's (FCO) human rights priority list. Also, Bahrain paid £30.7m for UK arms, Egypt bought £6.5m of arms, Pakistan purchased £11.2m and £11.8m was paid by China. The Bangladeshi government, which had taken more than 688,000 Rohingya refugees from Myanmar following ethnic cleansing and religious persecution there, bought £38.6m of arms. The UK's main arms deals go to the United States, India, France, Germany, Italy, Israel, Oman, South Africa, Turkey, South Korea, the United Arab Emirates and Saudi Arabia, respectively.
The arms manufactured in the UK includes bombs, missiles, and fighter jets, machine guns. The shelf-life of weapons is often longer than the governments and situations they were sold to.
2021 analysis by the CAAT revealed that the British government financed more than £17 billion worth of weapons to nearly 70% of the world's worst human rights abusers, such as Egypt, Bahrain, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Thailand and Turkey.
Arms control
As the Campaign Against Arms Trade (CAAT)'s Andrew Smith told, Theresa May’s government is strongly supporting some countries that even it believes are accountable for human rights abuses. There are no controls over how these arms will be used when they have been sold by the UK. The arms sales being agreed today could be used to fuel atrocities for years to come. Human rights abuses are observed by UK-made fighter jets and bombs in the Saudi-led destruction of Yemen. He added, This kind of Arm trade not only leads to “human rights abusers with the means to kill” but also it provides the position of political support. In 2016, most of the UK arm was exported to countries listed as human rights abusers. While the UK rules confirms that this government doesn’t deal with countries accused of violent human rights, in the last 4 years almost half of UK arms have been transferred to Saudi Arabia including sky-rocketed, based on UK government statistics significantly reported.
As The Guardian reported, "Britain is Saudi Arabia's second largest arms dealer after the US, providing military exports worth £10.3bn over the past decade despite continued condemnation of the kingdom's use of British weaponry in its bombing of Yemen". In other words, Saudi Arabia has been mentioned as Britain’s largest arms customer.
In April 2020, analysis figures by the CAAT revealed that the UK in 2019 sold arms worth £1.3bn to 26 out of 48 nations classified as “not free” by Freedom House. The data also stated that the sale of weaponry increased by 300 per cent as compared to 2018.
In June 2020, the UK government came under criticism for export of CS gas, teargas and rubber bullets to the USA, which were being used against Black Lives Matter protesters.
The legal challenge faced by the UK government over its decision to grant export licenses for selling arms to Saudi led to a revelation of a confidential log maintaining the alleged breaches of the international humanitarian law (IHL). It was reported that the database retained by the UK Ministry of Defense since 2015 didn’t include a series of airstrikes by Saudi-led forces in breach of IHL, which were recorded by the human rights organizations and NGOs in Yemen. However, the government said that the information details were sensitive to make public.
See also
Arms industry
Arms control
References
Arms control
Organisations based in the London Borough of Islington
Peace organisations based in the United Kingdom
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Bohuslavka
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Maria Bohuslavka
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Marusia Bohuslavka was a legendary heroine who lived in Ukraine in the 16th or 17th century. She is primarily known from many Ukrainian epic ballads (dumas), usually referred to as Duma about Marusya Bohuslavka, and other Ukrainian folklore. Her nickname 'Bohuslavka' refers to her origin, the city of Bohuslav. It was first recorded in the first half of the 1950s from the kobzar Ryhorenko from the village of Krasnokutsk, printed in Notes on Southern Rus. There are more than twenty-five versions of the duma recorded from 1850 to 1932. Taras Shevchenko reprinted it in his primer, Mykhailo Starytskyi wrote the drama "Marusia Boguslavka" based on this folk story; Ukrainian Soviet composer Anatoly Svechnikov wrote the ballet "Marusya Boguslavka".
Legend
Marusya was kidnapped and sold into a Turkish harem. The duma tells how she earned the trust of her husband and gained access to the keys of the palace, including the prison. She used them to free a group of Ukrainian Cossacks who had been imprisoned for 30 years. However, she did not flee with them but remained in the harem since this was now the only life she knew.
In comments to the dumas about Marusya, her high status is compared to that of Roxelana.
References
17th-century Ukrainian people
Ukrainian folklore
People from Bohuslav
Kobzarstvo
Folklore characters
Characters in epic poems
Slaves from the Ottoman Empire
16th-century slaves
17th-century slaves
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brilliant%20Heritage
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Brilliant Heritage
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Brilliant Heritage () is a 2020 South Korean television series starring Park In-hwan, Kang Se-jung, and . It airs on KBS1 every weekday at 20:30 (KST) time slot starting April 20, 2020.
It was the only KBS1 daily soap opera to draw average ratings of more than 20% since the end of Lovers in Bloom in 2017. Lead actor Park In-hwan won the Top Excellence Award during the 2020 KBS Drama Awards. It was one of the first Korean dramas to acknowledge the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic in passing, with the children being depicted as learning lessons about it and restaurant staff being shown undergoing medical check-ups and observing sanitation protocols.
Synopsis
Boo Young-bae (Park In-hwan) is the owner of an 80-year-old Pyongyang cold noodle restaurant whose health scare causes his children to quarrel over his vast wealth. Feeling betrayed by their behavior, he decides to marry Gong Gye-ok (Kang Se-jung), a 33-year-old single maid enticed by Young-bae's fortune and big family, under false pretenses. The move shocks his sons, but Gye-ok's strong work ethic makes Young-bae realize that she'll be able to keep his cold noodle restaurant afloat. Unlike his siblings, Young-bae's independent and headstrong son, Boo Seol-ak (), isn't interested in his wealth or family drama, but his disdain for Gye-ok and her presence in his aging father's life motivates him to get involved.
Cast
Main
Park In-hwan is Boo Young-bae, an 80-year-old widower who is the father of four neglectful sons and the owner of a North Korean-style noodle house.
Kang Se-jung is Gong Gye-ok, a 33-year-old woman who works odd jobs to sustain the lifestyle of her stepmother and her stepsister and pursue her dream of recovering her late father's restaurant.
as Boo Seol-ak, Young-bae's 33-year-old third son and a single father to a teenage girl.
Supporting
Boo Family
as Boo Baek-doo, the meek 50-year-old first son who is reluctant to take over his father's noodle house.
Lee Ah-hyun as Yoon Min-Joo, Baek-doo's domineering wife who sees herself as dutiful towards the Boo family.
as Boo Geum-gang, the brash and financially irresponsible 45-year old second son.
Kim Ga-yeon is Shin Ae-ri, Geum-gang's wife who leads a life of luxury and neglects her duties to the Boo family.
as Boo Halla, the lazy 27-year-old youngest son who has no goals in life.
as Sung Pan-Geum, a North Korean defector like Young-bae who has since harbored a life-long crush on him and helped him run the noodle house.
Lee Eung-kyung as Kim Yong-mi, the spendthrift mother of Ae-ri who likes taking care of her granddaughters.
as Boo Ga-on, the studious and aloof 16-year-old daughter of Seol-ak.
Kim Yeon-ji as Boo Tae-hee, the nine-year-old daughter of Geum-gang and Ae-ri.
Kim Hyo-kyung as Boo Hye-gyo, the seven-year-old daughter of Geum-gang and Ae-ri.
Kang Yoo-ra as Boo Ji-hyun, the five-year-old daughter of Geum-gang and Ae-ri.
Gong Family
as Jung Mi-hee, the worrywart stepmother of Gye-ok.
is Gong So-young, the immature stepsister of Gye-ok who is prone to making poor business investments.
as Lee Jang-won, the 18-year-old son of So-young who works at a convenience store and strikes an unlikely friendship with Ga-on.
Other characters
as Lee Kyung-ho, a con man who works for the Buruna Noodle House under the assumed name of Cha Jeong-gun.
as Lee Chung-ah / Megan Lee, the high school crush of Seol-ak and the biological mother of Ga-on.
Park Min-ji as Son Bo-mi, the friend of Gye-ok who falls for Halla.
Jo Seo-hoo as Kim Soo-min, the friend and confidante of Gye-ok.
as Kim Jong-doo, the friend of Young-bae.
as Kim Young-ji, a college junior of Seol-ak who starts working as a lawyer for his company.
as Kang Seon-hee, the former lover of Baek-doo.
Moon Joo-won as Kang Won, the seven-year-old son of Seon-hee whom Baek-doo starts to like.
as Lee Jung-tae, the leader of the sales team supervised by Seol-ak.
Viewership
In this table, represent the lowest ratings and represent the highest ratings.
N/A denotes that the rating is not known.
Notes
References
External links
Korean Broadcasting System television dramas
2020 South Korean television series debuts
2020 South Korean television series endings
Korean-language television shows
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dolorthoceras
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Dolorthoceras
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Dolorthoceras is a nautiloid cephalopod from the upper Paleozoic found in Lower Devonian to Lower Permian strata in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia.
The shell is a smooth, gently expanding orthocone with straight transverse to oblique and slightly sinuous sutures. Some are dorso-ventrally flattened so as to be slightly depressed. The hyponomic sinus, through which the funnel projects, appears to be trilobate. The siphuncle begins orthochoanitic (segments straight tubular) and central, becoming cyrtochoatitic (segments inflated) and subcentral with growth. Endosiphuncular deposits tend to grow forward, normally completed annularly at the septal foramina (openings) before fusing ventrally. Cameral deposits are mural, and heavier ventrally and dorsally.
Dolorthoceras is recognized as a pseudorthocerid, nautiloid cephalopods that resemble but are not true orthocerids. It is assigned to the family Spyroceratidae along with such genera as Spyroceras, Adnatoceras, and Euloxoceras.
Orientation during life was horizontal, as indicated by the cameral and endosiphuncular deposits. The animal may have been somewhat squid-like morphologically, but its behavior was probably not at all squid-like. It was most likely an ambush predator lying in wait here and there on the shallow sea bottom.
References
Walter C. Sweet, 1964, Nautiloidea - Orthocerida; Treatise on Invertebrate Paleontology, Part K Geological Society of America and University of Kansas Press.
Dolorthoceras in Fossilworks.
Nautiloids
Early Devonian first appearances
Cisuralian genus extinctions
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59324582
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunnar%20Bj%C3%B8rn%20Nordbye
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Gunnar Bjørn Nordbye
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Gunnar Bjørn Reichenwald Norbye, often misspelled spelled Nordbye, (1897–1940) was a Norwegian lawyer and politician. He served as the County Governor of Troms county from 1938 until his unexpected death in 1940. He had been on board the ship DS Richard With which was attacked in May 1940 and the ship was evacuated and the passengers safely landed on shore. Shortly afterwards, Norbye got sick and died.
References
1897 births
1940 deaths
County governors of Norway
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12150672
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Q%20%28quartet%29
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Max Q (quartet)
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Max Q is the barbershop quartet that won the gold medal Barbershop Harmony Society International Barbershop Quartet Contest at Denver's Pepsi Center July 7, 2007.
The quartet's run for the title is featured in the 2009 feature documentary American Harmony.
Background
Max Q formed in 2002 and began competing in the International Barbershop Quartet Contest in 2004. In 2004, 2005, and 2006, Max Q finished in second place to Gotcha!, Realtime, and Vocal Spectrum in consecutive years. In 2007, Max Q won by a 286-point margin over second-place quartet OC Times.
Max Q is notable in that all four members have prior experience in championship-level quartets and choruses. With their 2007 win, DeRosa and Oxley joined Joe Connelly as the only singers with three first-place finishes. DeRosa and Connelly have since gone on to win a record fourth gold medal with Main Street and Old School respectively.
Members
Greg Clancy – tenor; currently Musical Director of the Vocal Majority chorus, and has participated in all 13 Vocal Majority gold medal victories—eleven as a singer, and the most recent two as Musical Director.
Tony DeRosa – lead, former three-time gold medalist singing baritone with 1992 champions Keepsake, 2000 champions Platinum, and 2017 champions Main Street. He currently directs the Big Orange Chorus out of Jacksonville, Florida, as well as the Heralds of Harmony and Toast of Tampa Show Chorus women's chorus out of Tampa, Florida.
Gary Lewis – baritone, two-time former gold medalist singing tenor with Platinum and the Collegiate Quartet "The Real Deal". He was director of the Sweet Adelines Chorus "Pride of Toledo" and sang as replacement bass for 1992 champs Keepsake. He now directs the Men of Independence chorus in Independence, Ohio.
Jeff Oxley – bass, former two-time gold medalist with The Rapscallions in 1984 and Acoustix in 1990, former associate director and bass section leader of the Vocal Majority, participated in 6 Vocal Majority gold medal victories, and one gold medal as musical director of the Masters of Harmony chorus
In 2008, Oxley and DeRosa were elected to the Westminster Chorus Fantasy Gold Quartet as bass and baritone along with lead Joe Connelly (Old School 2011, Platinum 2000, Keepsake 1992, Interstate Rivals 1987) and tenor Tim Waurick (Vocal Spectrum 2006).
See also
Barbershop music
Ambassadors of Harmony
Barbershop Harmony Society
List of quartet champions by year
References
External links
AIC entry
Professional a cappella groups
Barbershop Harmony Society
Barbershop quartets
American vocal groups
2002 establishments in the United States
Musical groups established in 2002
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dipodium%20punctatum
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Dipodium punctatum
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Dipodium punctatum, commonly known as the blotched hyacinth-orchid, is a leafless orchid that is a native to eastern and south-eastern continental Australia. In summer it produces a tall flowering stem with up to sixty pale to bright pink flowers with heavy red blotches. A widespread and common species it is often confused with D. roseum and some authorities regard it as a synonym of D. squamatum.
Description
Dipodium punctatum is a leafless, tuberous, perennial, mycoheterotrophic herb. Between five and sixty pale to bright pink flowers with heavy red blotches and wide are borne on a green to blackish, hyacinth-like flowering stem tall. The sepals and petals are linear to elliptic or lance-shaped, long, wide and free from each other with their tips sometimes slightly curved backwards. The labellum is long, wide and has three lobes. The centre lobe has a band of pink to mauve hairs, the band narrow near the base but widening towards the tip of the lobe. Flowering occurs from November to March.
This orchid is often confused with D. roseum but has a narrower band of labellum hairs, darker blotches and less recurved sepals and petals.
Taxonomy and naming
This orchid was first formally described in 1804 by English botanist James Edward Smith in the journal Exotic Botany. Smith gave it the name Dendrobium punctatum. In 1810, Scottish botanist Robert Brown placed the species in his newly described genus Dipodium, publishing the change in Prodromus Florae Novae Hollandiae et Insulae Van Diemen. The specific epithet (punctatum) is derived from the Latin word punctum meaning "little hole", "dot" or "point".
The World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (WCSP) records this species as a synonym of Dipodium squamatum.
Distribution and habitat
The blotched hyacinth orchid is common in woodland and forest along the coast and ranges of New South Wales, the Australian Capital Territory and Queensland. It is also widespread in Victoria especially in the east of the state. There are a few records of the species from the far south-east corner of South Australia.
Dipodium punctatum does not occur in Tasmania. Plants in that state previously classified as D. punctatum are currently referred to D. roseum, which was described in 1991.
In South Australia, D. punctatum is listed as endangered. Populations currently included within D. roseum and D. campanulatum were originally part of a wider circumscription of D. punctatum in South Australia.
References
Dipodium punctatum Ecology of Cumberland Plain Woodland, Royal Botanic Gardens, Sydney
Dipodium punctatum ABC
External links
Herbarium specimen of Dendrobium punctatum (The Linnean Society of London)
Youtube video of D. punctatum
Orchids of New South Wales
Orchids of the Australian Capital Territory
Orchids of Queensland
Orchids of South Australia
Orchids of Victoria (state)
Endemic orchids of Australia
punctatum
Plants described in 1804
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30087349
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuitina
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Fuitina
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The Sicilian term (literally: "sudden escape"; plural fuitini, Italian plural fuitine) refers to a practice that used to be common in Sicily and other areas of Southern Italy, whereby a young couple would elope in order to get married against the wishes of their families. The intent is that the prolonged absence of the fugitive couple would let their families presume that sexual intercourse had occurred and thus force them to consent to a so-called "rehabilitating wedding" (). While elopements of young couples are reported to be widespread in places such as Palermo (over 300 have been reported to occur each year), most of them only bear a surface relationship with traditional fuitine, as they are not necessarily aimed at a rehabilitating marriage.
In principle, the term fuitina refers only to the consensual elopement of a couple, but the practice also lends itself to be appealed to in order to camouflage actual kidnapping, and possibly rape, of the bride-to-be.
A prominent example is the 1966 trial for rape where the lawyer of the kidnapper and rapist of Franca Viola maintained that the woman had actually consented to a fuitina. The trial had a wide resonance in Italy, as Franca Viola refused the "rehabilitating" marriage. The trial contributed to spread the awareness that because of the existing social ties (and specifically, the widespread notion that a woman who lost her virginity was not "worthy" to be married), women who suffered rape were often pressed to marry their rapists (especially, but not exclusively, if they got pregnant), or they would lose their honour and be marginalized by the society. The aftermath of her trial ruled that rapists were no longer able to avoid punishment through the marriage of their victims. In 1981, Italy repealed Article 544.
The Italian Criminal Code (art. 573) prosecutes (consensual) fuitina if the bride-to-be is a minor, equating it to the kidnapping of a consenting minor.
References
Italian traditions
Culture of Sicily
Weddings by culture
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32703497
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsak%20Dam
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Warsak Dam
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Warsak Dam (; ) is a mass concrete gravity dam located on the Kabul River in the Valley of Peshawar, approximately 20 km northwest of the city of Peshawar in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.
History
Warsak Dam was completed under the Colombo Plan in two phases and financed by the Canadian Government. The first phase was completed in 1960 and consisted of the construction of the dam. Irrigation tunnels and installation of four power generating units, each of 40 MW capacity with 132 kV transmission system, were also completed in 1960. Two additional generating units of 41.48 MW capacity each were added in 1980-81 in the second phase.
Capacity
The total installed capacity of the Warsak Dam Hydropower Project is 243 MW. In June 2012, the Pakistan WAPDA (Water and Power Development Authority) decided to add a 375 MW powerhouse to Warsak, which will raise Warsak's total power generation capacity to 525 MW. No date was given on when the project would be complete.
Rehabilitation
Germany will loan 40 million euros to Pakistan for the rehabilitation of the Warsak hydroelectric power station built over half a century ago on Kabul River in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. According to Water and Power Development Authority, this is the second time that Warsak hydroelectric power station will be renovated. They plan to overcome several problems, including regaining the capacity loss of 30MW with reliable annual energy generation of 1,144GWh, upgrade and modernise the old system, and achieve another life cycle of 30 to 40 years. The current rehabilitation work will be financed by Germany, France and the European Union Extension is being planned. Germany and France will loan 40 million euros each to Pakistan for the rehabilitation of the Dam. The total cost of the project is euro 162m and it is being co-financed with the German Development Bank (KfW), European Investment Bank (EIB), French Agency for Development (AFD) and Pakistan government contributions.
See also
Warsak Canal Project
List of dams and reservoirs in Pakistan
List of power stations in Pakistan
References
External links
Warsak Dam at WAPDA
Dams in Pakistan
Hydroelectric power stations in Pakistan
Dams completed in 1960
Dams on the Kabul River
Gravity dams
Energy infrastructure completed in 1960
1960 establishments in Pakistan
Dams in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
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20749343
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinz%20Brandt
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Heinz Brandt
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Heinz Brandt (11 March 1907 – 21 July 1944) was a German officer. During World War II he served as an aide to General Adolf Heusinger, the head of the operations unit of the General Staff. He may have inadvertently saved Adolf Hitler's life, at the cost of his own, by moving the bomb planted by Claus von Stauffenberg during the 20 July plot.
Early life
Brandt, the son of later General der Kavallerie Georg Brandt, was born in Charlottenburg (now Berlin). He joined the Reichswehr in 1925. Brandt attended a course at the cavalry school in Hanover from 1927 to 1928 and was commissioned a lieutenant. In 1936 he was a member of the gold medal-winning German show jumping team in the equestrian event at the Berlin Summer Olympics, on his horse Alchemy.
Second World War
At the outbreak of the Second World War he was a Hauptmann on the general staff of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht. After serving in an infantry division he was promoted to major in January 1941 and Oberstleutnant in April 1942.
On 13 March 1943, Brandt was an unwitting participant in an attempt to assassinate Hitler. Generalmajor Henning von Tresckow instructed Lieutenant Fabian von Schlabrendorff to ask Brandt to carry a package containing bottles of what he claimed was Cointreau onto Hitler's Condor plane for delivery to Oberst Helmuth Stieff as payment for a lost bet. The package in fact contained a primed bomb which in the event failed to detonate.
In May 1943, Brandt was promoted to Oberst (Colonel).
20 July bomb
On 20 July 1944, he arrived at the Wolf's Lair headquarters in Rastenburg, East Prussia for a situation conference attended by Hitler. With the assistance of Major Ernst John von Freyend, Oberst von Stauffenberg put a briefcase containing a primed bomb at Brandt's feet as close as possible to Hitler and to the right of General Heusinger who was standing next to him. Stauffenberg then made an excuse that he had a phone call and left the room. Soon after he left, Brandt wanted to get a better look at a map on the table, he found the briefcase in his way and moved the briefcase to the other side of a thick strong table leg. Seven minutes later the bomb exploded and blew one of Brandt's legs off.
Brandt died the next day after surgery in the Wolf's Lair hospital and was posthumously promoted to Generalmajor by Hitler. Three other people also died as a result of the explosion. It was later concluded that its exact positioning next to a leg of the map table was a crucial factor in determining who in the room survived.
Media portrayals
In the 1971 Eastern Bloc co-production Liberation: Direction of the Main Blow, Brandt was portrayed by the East German actor Fritz-Ernst Fechner.
In the 2008 film Valkyrie, Heinz Brandt is portrayed by British actor Tom Hollander.
References
External links
1907 births
1944 deaths
Assassinated military personnel
German male equestrians
Olympic equestrians for Germany
Equestrians at the 1936 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Germany
German show jumping riders
Olympic medalists in equestrian
People from Charlottenburg
Medalists at the 1936 Summer Olympics
People from Charlottenburg-Wilmersdorf
Major generals of the German Army (Wehrmacht)
German amputees
German Army personnel killed in World War II
Military personnel from Berlin
People killed in the 20 July plot
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25086337
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evans%20House%20%28Phoenix%2C%20Arizona%29
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Evans House (Phoenix, Arizona)
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The Evans House was built in 1893 by Doctor John M. Evans in Phoenix, Arizona. The -story brick residence has an unusual onion dome over the front entrance, rising from the semicircular front porch. The ground floor has seven rooms and was used as a residence, while the upper floor served as Dr. Evans' office and was reached by a separate exterior stairway.
The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.
References
External links
Houses in Phoenix, Arizona
Houses completed in 1893
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Arizona
National Register of Historic Places in Phoenix, Arizona
Historic American Buildings Survey in Arizona
Queen Anne architecture in Arizona
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paluweh
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Paluweh
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Paluweh, also known as Rokatenda, is a stratovolcano that forms the small island of Palu'e, north of Flores Island in Sikka Regency in the province of East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. While the volcano rises about above the sea floor, its cone rises just above sea level and is the highest point on the island.
The broad summit region contains overlapping craters up to wide along with several lava domes. Several flank vents occur along a northwest trending fissure.
Eruption history
Eruptions with a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 3 have occurred in 1650 ± 50, 1928 and 1972. On 16 January 2005, there were signs of a possible eruption, causing the mountain to be placed under alert status.
1928
The biggest eruption (VEI 3) occurred on August 4, – September 25, 1928, the eruption caused a tsunami and earthquake. The population of Palu'e island was 266 people at that period.
2012–2013
In late 2012 the mountain became quite active, spewing volcanic ash. In November 2012, and continuing into 2013, a 3 km exclusion zone was set up and residents living around the mountain were evacuated or moved to Maumere city on the main island of Flores. In the first 8 months of 2013 there was regular activity from the lava dome including repeated ash plumes – generally reaching altitudes of 2–3 km – dome collapses, explosions, avalanches and pyroclastic flows.
August 2013
On 10 August 2013, the mountain erupted for about seven minutes and spewed ash about into the air. Initial reports had the death toll at six. The victims were three adults and two children, and the age of the sixth victim is unclear. The bodies of the adults were recovered from Ponge beach in Rokirole village, but the remains of the children were not found. A number of the island residents refused to leave the island after an earlier mandatory evacuation order had been issued; they had grown accustomed to the volcanic activity.
References
External links
Paluweh
Landsat Thermal Sensor Lights Up from Volcano's Heat
Active volcanoes of Indonesia
Stratovolcanoes of Indonesia
Volcanoes of the Lesser Sunda Islands
Mountains of Indonesia
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin%20Limited%20Edition
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Virgin Limited Edition
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Virgin Limited Edition, part of Sir Richard Branson’s Virgin Group of business ventures, is a collection of holiday retreats around the world.
Properties
Current
Kasbah Tamadot hotel in Asni, Morocco
The Lodge, a ski lodge in Verbier, Switzerland
Moskito Island and Necker Island, private islands in the British Virgin Islands
Son Bunyola, a pair of villas in Mallorca, Spain.
Ulusaba, a game reserve in Mpumalanga, South Africa
Mont Rochelle, a hotel and vineyard in South Africa
Mahali Mzuri, a luxury safari camp in Kenya
Former
The Roof Gardens, Europe's largest roof garden and restaurant in London. Closed 2 January 2018.
See also
Organizations established in 2010
L
2010 establishments in the United Kingdom
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50649985
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viola%20Sonata%20%28Ligeti%29
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Viola Sonata (Ligeti)
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György Ligeti composed his Viola Sonata between 1991 and 1994. It is a sonata for viola solo in six movements, and Ligeti composed it in various phases, parallel with his Violin Concerto, and his piano études. The composer was inspired to write a viola sonata after hearing Tabea Zimmermann playing on the radio, then began writing various movements. The second movement Loop, was premiered by Garth Knox (then violist of the Arditti Quartet), while Facsar was premiered in 1993 by Jürg Dahler. The two movements were conceived as part of a complete work and they became the second and third movements of Ligeti's Viola Sonata.
The sonata is a departure from Ligeti's Cello Sonata, composed 40 years earlier and represents an important turning point. In contrast with the earlier work, his Viola Sonata follows a pattern reminiscent of the Baroque sonata, with its many movements of contrasting tempi and rhythms. The fifth movement, a slow Lamento, comes between a prestissimo and the final vivace, chromatic chaconne. This perhaps harks back to Frescobaldi's sonatas where one can find a Toccata Cromatica as well as examples of the passacaglia and chaconne. The first and third movements are variations on an ostinato, and alternate between the moto perpetuo movements that are the second and the fourth. In the first, fourth and fifth movement, one finds elements of Eastern European traditional music, while the influence of free rhythms and jazz and Latin harmonies intervene more in the second, third and sixth movement. Other characteristic features are the harmonies in the first and fourth movements and the repeated chords in the second and sixth. Critic Blair Sanderson referred to the sonata as "one of the major viola works of the 20th century".
Movements
1. Hora lungă
The first movement, Hora lungă takes influences of the Romanian folksong style of the same name. The title means "slow Hora", but in this case hora could be understood as the Romanian word for "dance". The entire movement is played on the C string, and uses microtonal intervals that imitate mostly the harmonic Scale of F. Other examples of passages on a single string include the Aria from Ligeti's Violin Concerto (74 measures on the G string) and the third movement of the Viola Sonata, Facsar, which probably influenced the first movement, as Ligeti wrote the two movements in the same year.
To indicate microtones, Ligeti uses the sonata three downward arrows for alterations of -49, -31 and -14 cents, respectively. The use of microtonal intervals is common in the works of Ligeti. In the Viola Sonata, their use follows the harmonic Scale on F. In this way, the harmonic construction, with -49 cents lower on B, -31 cents lower on E, and -14 cents lower on the A, the ear suggests the resonance of the imaginary "fifth" string F, which would lie a fifth below the viola's lowest C, which makes the movement in some aspects similar to spectral music.
The movement consists of the theme introduced in mm. 1–2, with six repeated transformations (mm. 2–5, 5–8, 9–14, 16–19, 19–32, 32–37) and a sort of interlude (mm. 15–16) that employs an arpeggiated figuration of harmonics that ascends on the C string. The only break of the movement lasts one-sixteenth and the end of the interlude, providing a reference point for conceptual bisection of the movement. The fifth transformation includes a large crescendo and climax, with the dynamic ffff in mm. 29. The last section consists entirely of natural harmonics, based on a second harmonic scale on C as opposed to the aforementioned harmonic scale on F.
2. Loop
The second movement, Loop, employs similar diminutives procedures to Renaissance motets, which contrast with the augmentation employed in the previous movement. There is a clear jazz influence in the movement and there is an indication to play "with swing", perhaps due to the influence of the music of Stéphane Grappelli. The entire work consists of 45 double stops that are looped, with a 3-bar introduction. The technical difficulty is remarkable, the double stops always include one open string and involve wide jumps between different positions that are rather challenging for the left hand. The difficulty and intensity increase gradually and propel the musical argument towards an interrupted finale.
3. Facsar
The Facsar shows the emphasis on the rhythm of the second movement with the melodic and harmonic language, with a constant transformation of the thematic material in all ways possible. There is always a main theme (mm. 1–10) followed by constant transfigurations, which are always in the same duration, in contrast with the techniques augmentative and diminutive of the preceding movements. In this way, the frame is broken by a Più mosso section (mm. 60–64) and a coda of six closing bars (mm. 90–96).
The structure is very regular and schematic, but Ligeti uses the dynamics to try to hide structural divisions, avoiding placing emphasis on the beginnings of the episodes. In bars 40 and 41, he achieves this by adding more slurs, which anticipate the tempo and dynamics of measure 60. Then, between measures 70 and 72, he achieves a crescendo that also has the effect of blurring the sense of division. The indications of expression and dynamics are not the result of formal and structural considerations but were in fact defined by Ligeti during 'rehearsals' in which he asked Garth Knox to try out passages with different indications until he found the ones that he preferred.
4. Prestissimo with sordino
In the fourth movement, Ligeti employs combinations of accents, highly contrasted dynamics such as ff followed one quaver later by pp, adjacent notes or very close intervals, open strings, double stops and harmonics, all played 'as fast as possible'. The effect is original and disquieting but does not require highly dissonant or chromatic writing to make its impact In the subsequent occurrences of the thematic material, the composer makes changes through addition or subtraction of notes, transforming individual notes in chords and vice versa, and consequently adapting the accentuation and dynamics.
5. Lamento
The fifth movement, Lamento, includes an idée fixe, that he also used in Automne à Varsovie (from his Piano Études), his violin and piano concerti, and in various other chamber works. But the theme originates from his Musica ricercata.
The movement is related to the French baroque dance loure, that is usually in , as the movement alternates between and , suggesting an asymmetric division of . The Lamento motif consists of three phrases, which constitute the theme (mm. 1–7), followed by four transformations (mm. 12–18, 25–33, 41–49, 53–62), interspersed with interludes and followed by a coda (mm. 63–64).
6. Chaconne chromatique
The Chaconne chromatique is related to the Renaissance and Baroque equivalent. This last movement takes up and amplifies the ternary form of the subject in the previous Lamento, with a theme (mm. 1–8) that is transformed repeatedly, altering the harmonic and chromatic identity from the second transformation into the other transformations. In particular, the fourth transformation is a progressive thickening of the musical texture, as the double stops are amplified to triple stops and quadruple stops, parallel to the intensification of the dynamics, similarly to what was heard in Facsar.
The underlying idea is a chromatically descending cantus firmus, which is preserved in most of the repetitions, with minor alterations. The main alterations are the addition of a bar consisting of triple stops, and a crescendo in bar 57, delaying the start of the seventh transformation with one measure. The other alteration, is the addition of a bar in bar 73, and the eighth transformation, is reduced to six strokes, reaching to an end in bar 79. In the latter section, the music intensifies and the climax is interrupted in bar 80 with the tempo marking Meno mosso, molto cantabile, ending quietly.
References
Bibliography
Compositions by György Ligeti
1994 compositions
Ligeti
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adinandra%20angulata
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Adinandra angulata
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Adinandra angulata is a species of plant in the taxonomic family Pentaphylacaceae. A. angulata is a tree endemic to Peninsular Malaysia in Gunong Tahan, Pahang. The species Adinandra angulata is 12.19 to 15.24 meters in height.
References
angulata
Endemic flora of Peninsular Malaysia
Trees of Peninsular Malaysia
Conservation dependent plants
Near threatened flora of Asia
Taxonomy articles created by Polbot
Plants described in 1908
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lysimachus%20%28disambiguation%29
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Lysimachus (disambiguation)
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Lysimachus () is an ancient and modern Greek name meaning "scattering the battle". The female equivalent of the name is Lysimache.
The name may refer to:
Lysimachus the father of the Athenian politician Aristides the Just who had a grandson of the same name through Aristides
Lysimachus of Acarnania, second tutor of Alexander of Great
Lysimachus, a general who was a somatophylax of Alexander the Great and later King of Thrace, Macedonia and Asia Minor. Other members of his family include:
his son, Lysimachus, one of the sons from his third wife Arsinoe II
his grandson, Lysimachus of Egypt, one of the sons of Ptolemy II Philadelphus from his first wife Arsinoe I, who was one of the daughters of Lysimachus
his other grandson, Lysimachus of Telmessos, first son of Ptolemy I Epigone who was the first son of Lysimachus from his third wife Arsinoe II
his great-grandson, Lysimachus one of the sons of Berenice II and Ptolemy III Euergetes who was a brother of Lysimachus of Egypt
Lysimachus, a physician from the Greek island of Kos
Lysimachus, a comic poet of Old Comedy
Lysimachus of Alexandria, 1st century BCE, grammarian from Alexandria of Ancient Egypt
Lysimachus, the brother of High Priest Menelaus.
Lysimachus, the translator of Greek version of the book of Esther.
Lysimachus, a King of Sicily whom the Lysimachia, a genus of flowering plants, was named after
Lysimachus, fictional governor of Mytilene in Shakespeare's Pericles, Prince of Tyre
Lysimachia, a city in Thrace founded by Lysimachus, King of Thrace, Macedonia and Asia Minor
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35167294
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eudonia%20scoriella
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Eudonia scoriella
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Eudonia scoriella is a species of moth in the family Crambidae. It is found on Madeira.
References
Moths described in 1858
Eudonia
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59679292
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zimbabwe%20fuel%20protests
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Zimbabwe fuel protests
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Protests began in Zimbabwe on 14 January 2019 following a 130% increase in the price of fuel imposed by the government of Emmerson Mnangagwa. Thousands of Zimbabweans protested against the price increase, along with increasing levels of poverty, the poor state of the economy, and declining standards of living. The government responded with a coordinated crackdown that resulted in hundreds of arrests and multiple deaths. The protests stopped after three days; by 17 January, businesses started reopening as the protests ended.
Background
In an effort to improve the financial and fiscal situation of the country following the establishment of the Mnangagwa government in 2017, the government initiated a number of austerity policies in an effort to kick-start the moribund economy. By October 2018, foreign currency shortages led to large scale business closures and shortages of imported commodities, including fuel. This led to persistent fuel shortages, strikes by government workers, and a worsening economic environment.
On 12 January 2019, the government of Emmerson Mnangagwa announced that the Zimbabwe Energy Regulatory Agency would more than double fuel prices as of midnight that night. The price of diesel rose from US$1.38 to US$3.11 per litre (equivalent to $11.77 per US gallon or €2.73 per litre) and that of petrol from $1.43 to $3.31 per litre ($12.53 per US gallon or €2.91 per litre), for an increase of almost 130% overnight, making Zimbabwe's fuel the most expensive in the world at the time. Mnangagwa stated that the price increases were needed to reduce fuel shortages and illegal trading. The Zimbabwe Congress of Trade Unions called for a three-day strike in protest at the price increases.
Protests
During the protests
Protests began in Harare on 14 January 2019. In response, the police and military launched a coordinated response that involved raiding the homes of some residents. Beyond the capital, disturbances were also reported in the cities of Mutare and Bulawayo. By the end of the day, the government reported that three people, including one policeman, had died in the protests. Non-government sources reported that around 200 people had been arrested and that eight had been killed in the protests by police by the end of the first day of protests.
The Zimbabwe Association of Doctors for Human Rights (ZADHR) stated that 172 people had been injured, of which 68 were treated for gunshot wounds. Indiscriminate acts of violence by the police on both protesters and bystanders were also reported, along with acts of looting by some protesters in Harare, Bulawayo and Kadoma. By 18 January, the ZADHR had recorded 844 human rights violations that included 78 gunshot injuries, 466 arbitrary arrests and detentions, as well as 242 cases of assault and degrading treatment.
On 15 January, internet monitoring group NetBlocks reported the blocking of over a dozen social media and messaging platforms in Zimbabwe including WhatsApp, Facebook, Twitter and Instagram followed by total internet blackouts. The first three days of the disruption cost the Zimbabwe's economy an estimated $17 million as the government extended its disruption to a full shutdown to prevent the use of VPN circumvention tools by demonstrators. The country's largest cellular provider, Econet, confirmed that the government issued a directive blocking all internet access during the protests. After the protests ended the Zimbabwean High Court ruled that the internet shutdown was illegal and ordered it to be restored.
On the third day of the protests, civil society activist and pastor Evan Mawarire was arrested. Mawarire's lawyer stated that the government alleged that his inciting of violent protests on Twitter as the reason for the arrest. The Movement for Democratic Change – Tsvangirai (MDC-T) stated that its party leadership had been detained by security forces during the protests. An unknown number of abductions by security personnel were reported during the crackdown on the protests.
The government blamed the MDC-T for the protests. MDC-T offices were attacked and torched during the protests with the MDC-T alleging that ZANU-PF supporters were responsible. The government stated that government property and property owned by the ruling ZANU-PF party was damaged in the attacks and blamed MDC-T supporters. The government also stated that the protests were coordinated by opposition parties and compared the protests to terrorism. The MDC-T denied government accusations that they were responsible for violence committed by protesters and highlighted acts of violence committed by government forces against protesters and civilians. A large number of the police raids took place in opposition electoral strong holds in urban areas around Harare.
On 17 January in Harare, the fourth and final day of fixtures in round three of the 2018–19 Logan Cup cricket tournament were both called off due to the protests.
After the protests
By Saturday the 20 January the security services set up a number of roadblocks throughout the country in an effort to arrest protesters and other individuals wanted by the government. A large number of people who disappeared during the government crackdown during the protests remain unaccounted for.
On 21 January, human rights organizations in Zimbabwe claimed that a total of 12 protesters were killed by security forces and many more had been beaten.
Response
Regional response
The MDC-T called on South Africa to intervene and criticise the government's violent response. Human Rights Watch stated that the use of unlawful lethal force by the government should be investigated and those responsible prosecuted. Zimbabweans in South Africa demonstrated to encourage South Africa to put pressure on the government to release arrested opposition leaders, restore internet access, and respect human rights. Protests by Zimbabweans against the Zimbabwean government response were also reported in Botswana and Namibia.
South Africa's official opposition party, the Democratic Alliance, stated that the situation within Zimbabwe was so severe that the South African government should abandon its Mbeki-era quiet diplomacy policy and intervene. The Economic Freedom Fighters, a South African political party, issued a statement condemning the Zimbabwean government's violent response to the protests. The South African government said it was monitoring the situation in Zimbabwe and stated with confidence that "measures being taken by the Zimbabwean government will resolve the situation."
The South African Federation of Trade Unions condemned both the fuel price increase and the government's use of lethal force against the protesters. The National Union of Namibian Workers stated that they were "saddened and disturbed by the blatant disregard for trade unions and human rights in Zimbabwe" and criticised the silence of the Southern African Development Community (SADC).
Human Rights Watch criticised the SADC and the African Union for remaining silent on the violations of human rights by the Zimbabwean government during the protests.
International response
embassy in Zimbabwe stated that it was "alarmed by credible reports that security forces are targeting and beating political activists and labor leaders". The embassy also urged the government to restore access to social media and for peaceful protests.
summoned the Zimbabwean ambassador to express its concern over the unrest and called on Zimbabwe to "ensure its security forces act professionally, proportionately and at all times with respect for human life".
criticised the disproportionate use of "force by security personnel" and stated that it expected "the Government of Zimbabwe to uphold human rights and the rule of law, as enshrined in the constitution, and ensure due legal process for those detained."
High Commissioner for Human Rights urged the government to "stop the crackdown" and stated its concern over the security forces' "excessive use of force".
See also
2017 Zimbabwean coup d'état
Economy of Zimbabwe
List of fuel protests
References
Protest
Zimbabwean
January 2019 events in Africa
Protests in Zimbabwe
Petroleum politics
Fuel protests
Labor disputes in Zimbabwe
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33557191
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limeckebach
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Limeckebach
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Limeckebach is a small river of Hesse, Germany. It flows into the Mühlenwasser in Wolfhagen.
See also
List of rivers of Hesse
Rivers of Hesse
Rivers of Germany
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32171688
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/82nd%20Aviation%20Brigade
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82nd Aviation Brigade
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The 82nd Aviation Brigade (Serbo-Croatian: / 82. авијацијска бригада) was a Yugoslavian aviation regiment established in 1945 as 42nd Bomber Aviation Regiment (Serbo-Croatian: / 42. ваздухопловни бомбардерски пук).
History
42nd Bomber Aviation Regiment
The 43rd Bomber Aviation Regimen was formed on August 27, 1945, at Sombor equipped with Soviet made Petlyakov Pe-2 bombers. It was part of 4th Aviation Bomber Division.
By 1948 this regiment was renamed like all other units of Yugoslav Army, so it became the 109th Bomber Aviation Regiment.
The commanders of regiment were Sava Poljanec, Ivo Novak, Berislav Supek, Franjo Jež, and Živko Ranisavljević.
109th Bomber Aviation Regiment
The 109th Bomber Aviation Regiment was based at Sombor airfield until 1949, when it was dislocated to Pleso airport. By year 1959 it has moved to Cerklje Air Base. It was armed with Soviet Pe-2 bombers until 1952 when they were replaced with British made Mosquito Mk 6. Mosquitos were replaced with domestic Ikarus S-49C fighters by year 1956. In that period regiment was designated as Fighter Regiment. S-49's were replaced in 1960 by US Republic F-84 Thunderjet fighter-bombers, which remain in service with regiment until 1966.
By the 1961 and application of the "Drvar" reorganization for the Air Force, new type designation system is used to identify squadrons, so the two squadrons of 103rd Reconnaissance Aviation Regiment have become 237th and 238th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Squadron.
On March 15, 1966, regiment was transformed into 82nd Aviation Brigade.
The commanders of regiment were Živko Ranisavljević, Aleksandar Dominko, Nikola Rodić, Gojko Grubor, Slavko Orlić and Vladimir Janković.
82nd Aviation Brigade
The Regiment has been reorganized into Brigade by order from February 16, 1966. It has remain at Cerklje Air Base keeping two fighter-bomber squadrons from previous organization, with two new created, 460th Light Combat Aviation Squadron equipped with domestic made Soko 522 and Kraguj aircraft and 352nd Reconnaissance Aviation Squadron at Pleso equipped with US IF-86D Sabre reconnaissance jet fighters. In 1968 352nd Squadron has been dislocated to reattached to 117th Fighter Aviation Regiment, while 460th Squadron has been re-designated as Fighter-Bomber Squadron in August 1973, after it was equipped with new domestic Jastreb light-attack jets. Another two fighter-bomber squadrons have been also armed with Jastrebs.
Two new light combat aviation squadron, 466th and 447th have been formed in June, 1973 with Kraguj aircraft from 460th Squadron. On August 29, same year, 351st Reconnaissance Aviation Squadron equipped with domestic IJ-21 Jastreb reconnaissance attack jets. In 1975 460th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Squadron was renumbered into 245th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Squadron.
In period from 1978 Brigade has been reorganized into Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment, 351st, 466th and 467th Squadrons have been subordinated direct to 5th Air Corps. On May 5, 1980 245th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Squadron was dislocated to Mostar and reassignment to Center for training of pilots of foreign armed forces. By 1982 351st Squadron has been again reassignment to 82nd Regiment, which was again renamed in to 82nd Aviation Brigade. New Yugoslav-made ground-attack jet aircraft, Orao have been introduced in Brigade by 1984 with 238th and 351st Squadrons.
The 82nd Brigade took several combat operations in 1991 during the wars in Slovenia and later in the Croatia. As the decomposition of brigade began to along national lines it could no longer used in operations until consolidation. Brigade has retired from Cerklje after mortar attack by Slovenian Territorial Defence on Air Base. It moved to Banja Luka in July 1991, where it was disbanded on August 12. 351st Reconnaissance Aviation Squadron was based at Željava Air Base, attached to 117th Fighter Aviation Regiment and later by order from August 30, 1991, disbanded, with equipment and personnel integrated into 352nd Reconnaissance Aviation Squadron. 237th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Squadron was merged into 238th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Squadron, nicknamed "Risovi Vrbasa" (Vrbas Lynxes), being the main combat aircraft squadron of newly formed Republika Srpska Air Force during the Bosnian war.
The commanders of regiment and brigade were Tomaš Samardžić, Roman Zupan, Božidar Crnojević, Franc Tomažin, Zvonko Kramar, Ivo Martinović, and Jože Jerić.
Assignments
4th Aviation Bomber Division (1947-1948)
32nd Aviation Division (1948-1959)
5th Air Command (1959–1964)
5th Aviation Corps (1964–1986)
5th Corps of Air Force and Air Defense (1986–1991)
Previous designations
42nd Bomber Aviation Regiment (1945-1948)
109th Bomber Aviation Regiment (1948-1956)
109th Fighter Aviation Regiment (1956-1960)
109th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment (1960-1966)
82nd Aviation Brigade (1966-1978)
82nd Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment (1978-1983)
82nd Aviation Brigade (1983-1991)
Organization
1961-1966
109th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment
237th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Squadron
238th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Squadron
460th Light Combat Aviation Squadron (1965)
1966-1970's
82nd Aviation Brigade
237th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Squadron
238th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Squadron
460th Light Combat Aviation Squadron (1966-1975)
352nd Reconnaissance Aviation Squadron (1966-1968)
1970's
82nd Aviation Brigade
237th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Squadron
238th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Squadron
466th Light Combat Aviation Squadron (1973-1978)
467th Light Combat Aviation Squadron (1973-1978)
351st Reconnaissance Aviation Squadron (1973-1978)
245th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Squadron (1975)
1978-1983
82nd Fighter-Bomber Aviation Regiment
237th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Squadron
238th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Squadron
245th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Squadron (1979)
351st Reconnaissance Aviation Squadron (1982)
1983-1991
82nd Aviation Brigade
238th Fighter-Bomber Aviation Squadron
351st Reconnaissance Aviation Squadron
Bases stationed
Sombor (1945–1949)
Pleso (1949-1959)
Cerklje (1959–1991)
Banja Luka (1991)
Commanding officers
Equipment
Petlyakov Pe-2 (1947–1952)
de Havilland Mosquito Mk 6 (1952–1956)
Ikarus S-49C (1956-1960)
F-84G Thunderjet (1960-1973)
Lockheed T-33A Shooting Star (1966–1973)
IF-86D Sabre (1966–1967)
Soko 522 (1966–1967)
Soko J-20 Kraguj (1967–1978)
Soko J-21 Jastreb (1972–1991)
Soko G-2 Galeb (1972–1991)
Soko J-22 Orao (1984–1991)
References
Brigades of Yugoslav Air Force
Military units and formations established in 1945
Military units and formations disestablished in 1991
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaka%20Toney
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Shaka Toney
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Shaka Felton Toney (born January 7, 1998) is an American football defensive end for the Washington Commanders of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football at Penn State and was selected by Washington in the seventh round of the 2021 NFL Draft. On April 21, 2023, Toney was suspended indefinitely for betting on NFL games.
Early life and high school
Toney was born on January 8, 1998, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and attended Imhotep Institute Charter High School. As a senior he was named the Pennsylvania Football News Class AAA Defensive Player of the Year and first-team All-State after recording 97 tackles and 21 sacks.
College career
At Penn State, Toney redshirted his true freshman season. As a redshirt freshman Toney recorded 20 tackles with 6.5 tackles for loss and four sacks with two forced fumbles and was named to the Big Ten Network's All-Freshman team. He finished his redshirt sophomore season with 7.5 tackles for loss and five sacks. Toney was named second-team All-Big Ten Conference after making 41 tackles with eight tackles for loss and 6.5 sacks.
Professional career
Toney was selected by the Washington Commanders in the seventh round (246th overall) of the 2021 NFL Draft. He signed his four-year rookie contract on May 13, 2021. In Week 12, Toney recorded his first career sack in a 17–15 victory over the Seattle Seahawks. On April 21, 2023, Toney was suspended indefinitely by the league for betting on NFL games during the 2022 season.
References
External links
Washington Commanders bio
Penn State Nittany Lions bio
1998 births
Living people
Players of American football from Philadelphia
American football defensive ends
Penn State Nittany Lions football players
Washington Commanders players
Washington Football Team players
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52920980
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Antonio%20Osorio%20Lizarazo
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José Antonio Osorio Lizarazo
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Jose Antonio Osorio Lizarazo (1900 – 1964) was a Colombian writer. He was born and raised in Bogota. He graduated from the Colegio San Bartolomé Nacional in 1916. He then went into journalism; by the age of 23, he was already an experienced journalist, working for the daily Mundo al Día. He was known as a sharp observer of Bogota society. Osorio wrote for almost all the newspapers in the capital, usually under his own name but sometimes under the pseudonym El Solitario.
He ran a number of newspapers during his career: Diario Nacional, El Heraldo and the Barranquilla newspaper La Prensa. He also worked at Sábado and Jornada, the latter a Gaitan-supporting newspaper. He fulfilled a number of public roles too: private secretary to the ministers of war and education, and director of publications at the Comptroller General’s office.
In 1946, after parting with Jorge Eliécer Gaitán, he left Colombia to begin his extensive travels across Latin America. When Gaitan was assassinated in April 1948, Osorio was living in Buenos Aires. The event drove him to write the novel El día del odio (1952), a detailed account of the days leading up to the Bogotazo. His decade-long stay in Argentina was also significant in other ways. He kept close ties with Juan Domingo Perón, until the fall of the latter from power in 1955.
Later on, Osorio lived in Chile and in the Dominican Republic. He was an intimate of the Dominican dictator Rafael Leonidas Trujillo, who ran the island nation directly from 1930 to 1952, and later on through his brother Héctor Bienvenido. Osorio worked at the house paper of the dictatorship, and also wrote a biography of Trujillo, titled Así es Trujillo (1958). He wrote several other politically compromised books around this time. He came back to Colombia in 1961, resettling in Bogota.
In the last years of his life, he finished writing the novel El camino en la sombra which won the first Esso Prize (now extinct) in 1963. In all, Osorio published two dozen books, including 11 novels, starting with his well-regarded debut novel La casa de vecindad in 1930. Three of his "urban novels" were reissued at the 2013 Feria del Libro de Bogota: La casa de vecindad (1930), Garabato (1939) and El camino en la sombra (1964).
Osorio married his secretary Eri in 1945. She was 26 years his junior. They had two daughters, María Cristina and Sandra Marcela. He died on October 12, 1964, at the Hospital San José. He was buried at the Cementerio Central in Bogota but seven years later his ashes were re-interred in the basement of Our Lady of Lourdes Church in the district of Chapinero to the north of Bogota.
References
1900 births
1964 deaths
Colombian male novelists
20th-century Colombian novelists
20th-century male writers
Writers from Bogotá
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41130272
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mowmen%20Zamin
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Mowmen Zamin
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Mowmen Zamin (, also Romanized as Mow‘men Zamīn; also known as Mo’men Zamīn, Moomazi, Mūmazī, and Mumiza) is a village in Shuil Rural District, Rahimabad District, Rudsar County, Gilan Province, Iran. At the 2006 census, its population was 37, in 15 families.
References
Populated places in Rudsar County
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110172
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralhatchee%2C%20Georgia
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Centralhatchee, Georgia
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Centralhatchee is a small village in Heard County, Georgia, United States. The population was 408 at the 2010 census.
History
The town of Centralhatchee was originally a militia district known as "Black Ankle". The community of Glenloch, to the north, was known as "Blue Shin". The geographic configuration of these two communities, according to Native American legend, resembled the ankle and shin portion of the leg and foot. The town became part of Heard County when the county was formed from parts of Carroll, Troup and Coweta counties in 1830.
The town was chartered in 1903 with the name "Centralhatchee". The community takes its name from nearby Centralhatchee Creek.
Geography
Centralhatchee is located in northern Heard County at (33.368476, -85.104182). Centralhatchee Creek, a south-flowing tributary of the Chattahoochee River, passes just outside of the town limits to the west.
U.S. Route 27, a four-lane highway, passes through the west side of town, leading south to Franklin, the Heard County seat, and north to Carrollton.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has a total area of , all land.
Demographics
As of the census of 2000, there were 383 people, 136 households, and 105 families residing in the town. The population density was . There were 151 housing units at an average density of . The racial makeup of the town was 97.65% White, 2.09% African American, and 0.26% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 1.83% of the population.
There were 136 households, out of which 43.4% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 64.0% were married couples living together, 7.4% had a female householder with no husband present, and 22.1% were non-families. 19.1% of all households were made up of individuals, and 8.8% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.82 and the average family size was 3.20.
In the town, the population was spread out, with 31.9% under the age of 18, 6.3% from 18 to 24, 32.1% from 25 to 44, 22.5% from 45 to 64, and 7.3% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 32 years. For every 100 females, there were 84.1 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 90.5 males.
The median income for a household in the town was $37,813, and the median income for a family was $48,500. Males had a median income of $34,000 versus $22,500 for females. The per capita income for the town was $15,491. About 1.8% of families and 5.4% of the population were below the poverty line, including 3.5% of those under age 18 and 20.0% of those age 65 or over.
Notable person
Roy Lee Johnson, R&B and soul songwriter, singer and guitarist
Hugh McGraw, Sacred Harp songleader and composer
See also
List of towns in Georgia (U.S. state)
References
External links
Towns in Heard County, Georgia
Towns in Georgia (U.S. state)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anselmo%20Fernandez
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Anselmo Fernandez
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Anselmo Fernandez Rodrigues (21 August 1918 in Lisbon, Portugal – 19 January 2000 in Madrid, Spain) was a Portuguese architect and football manager who led Sporting Clube de Portugal (Sporting CP) to victory in the UEFA Cup Winners' Cup in 1964 and was the architect of Sporting CP's Estádio José Alvalade inaugurated in 1956.
Early life and career
Anselmo Fernandez, born in Lisbon of Spanish descent, initially hoped for a career as football player with Lisbon's Sporting Clube de Portugal, however his health did not allow for it. He later engaged with Rugby at the club and emerged as a well regarded referee in that sport. His career focus then switched to architecture. His first major work was the original Estádio José Alvalade, which he built in conjunction with António Augusto Sá da Costa. The 61,000 capacity stadium of SCP opened in 1956. He was a major collaborator in many works of the architects Porfírio Pardal Monteiro and António Pardal Monteiro being involved with construction of the Lisbon hotel Tivoli, National Library of Portugal, the directorate of Lisbon University and the Faculty of Law. The Reitoria da Universidade, the university directorate was awarded with a Prémio Valmor, a major architectural prize. In 1962 he had a first brief stint as coach of Sporting's football team. His second stint at the helm of Sporting ended spectacular. In the quarterfinals of the European Cup Winner' Cup in March 1964 Sporting defeated Manchester United – featuring Bobby Charlton, George Best and Denis Law – 5-0 after an initial away defeat of 1-4, which was instrumental in the ousting of his predecessor, the Brazilian Gentil Cardoso. After a tight contest in the semifinals against Olympique Lyonnais Sporting met MTK Budapest in the final. The match in Brussel's Heysel Stadium ended 3-3. The rematch in Antwerp was decided by a directly converted corner kick by João Morais, who was replacing injured star defender Hilário Conceição, thus Sporting gained its hitherto only international trophy. After this, Fernandez withdrew and made way for Frenchman Jean Luciano. Another crisis at the club made Fernandez step up once more for several weeks. He began the next season at the helm of the club. Fernandez, who up to then has offered all his services to Sporting for free, including his work for the stadium, was offered a remuneration of 15 million Escudos, which he considered low. Further dissonances led to an early separation. The Brazilian Otto Glória succeeded him and achieved the championship by the end of the year. Fernandez continued coaching at the then first division club CUF Barreiro, which achieved mid-table positions between 1965/66 and 1967/68. In his third season with CUF he got severely injured in a road accident requiring neurosurgery. This led to his retirement. In further years the Sporting Clube de Portugal should bestow all its honours – the Prémio Stomp and honorary membership – to Anselmo Fernandez. Os Cinquentenários, an organisation closely linked to the club, anointed him Visconde de Alvalade, the "Viscount of Alvalade".
Architectural works
Estádio José Alvalade, Lisbon, 1956 (with António Augusto Sá da Costa)
Hotel Tivoli, Lisbon, 1956 (with Porfírio Pardal Monteiro and António Pardal Monteiro)
National Library of Portugal (with Porfírio Pardal Monteiro and António Pardal Monteiro)
Reitoria da Universidade, Lisbon (with Porfírio Pardal Monteiro and António Pardal Monteiro). Awarded with the Prémio Valmor
Faculdade de Letras, Lisbon (with Porfírio Pardal Monteiro and António Pardal Monteiro)
Faculdade de Direito, Lisbon (with Porfírio Pardal Monteiro and António Pardal Monteiro)
Hotel Florida, Lisbon (with Jorge Ferreira Chaves e Eduardo Goulartt Medeiros).
See also
List of UEFA Cup Winners' Cup winning managers
References
External links
Rodriguez, Anselmo Fernandez, 1918-2000 -- Arquitectura -- (Fotografias), Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian – Biblioteca de Arte, per 10/12/2012.
Hotel Tivoli, Portugal, Lisboa, Lisboa, Coração de Jesus, Sistema dae Informação para o Património Arquitectónico, Instituto da Habitação e da Reabilitação Urbana, 2011.
Hotel Ritz, Portugal, Lisboa, Lisboa, São Sebastião da Pedreira, Sistema dae Informação para o Património Arquitectónico, Instituto da Habitação e da Reabilitação Urbana, 2011.
Anselmo Fernandez, Sporting Clube de Portugal,
1918 births
2000 deaths
Sportspeople from Lisbon
Portuguese football managers
Primeira Liga managers
Sporting CP managers
20th-century Portuguese architects
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Jordan%20%28Virginia%29
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George Jordan (Virginia)
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George Jordan (1620-1679) was a British attorney who also became a planter and politician in the Colony of Virginia. He twice served as the colony's attorney general (before and after Bacon's Rebellion) and at various times represented James City County (before the creation of Surry County for land on the south bank of the James River) and Surry County in the House of Burgesses, and may have served on the Virginia Governor's Council.
Early and family life
Jordan was born in Surrey, England. He had a younger brother Arthur Jordan (1628-1698), who also emigrated to the Virginia colony, and whose descendants would carry on the family name, including with a son (this man's grandson), whom contemporaries sometimes called George Jordan Jr. Their sister named Fortune (in honor of whom this man named his daughter), also emigrated and became the second wife of Col. John Flood, and after his death renounced all her widow's rights and married James Mills, a Surry county merchant.
At Jamestown in 1635, Jordan married Alyce Myles, daughter of John Myles who had immigrated from Hereford, England. She had died by 1655, when Jordan married Elizabeth Coats. In his will, Jordan specifically mourns their daughter, Fortune Jordan, who married Thomas Hunt of Jamestown, to whom Jordan sold a 400-acre plantation in Surry County. However, both son-in-law and daughter had died by 1671, and Jordan administered the estates of the parents for the child.
Complicating matters, two other men with the surname Jordan also emigrated early to the Virginia colony, settled nearby on the south side of the James River and served in the House of Burgesses, as would this man. However, he does not appear related to either the "ancient Planter" Samuel Jordan who settled about 25 miles upstream in what was then Charles City County (but became Prince George County and for whom Jordan Point, Virginia is named), nor the soldier Thomas Jordan who immigrated circa 1623, later claimed headrights for 18 additional immigrants and served as a burgess for Warrosqueake in 1629 and whose descendants settled in that downstream portion of Surry County that became Isle of Wight County. Nor does this man appear related to the probable Quaker Thomas Jordan who moved from Isle of Wight to Nansemond County. However, this man's will named his nephew Thomas Jordan as heir to half of his estate, as well as executor, so he clearly had a relative of that name, another of Arthur's sons.
Career
The future Col. George Jordan emigrated to Virginia in 1637, and was named as a headright by Capt.Henry Browne, who had immigrated to Virginia three years earlier, had a seat on the Governor's Council, and in whose family graveyard at Four Mile Tree plantation this man would be buried. In any event, during his decades in Virginia Jordan accumulated significant landholdings, by patents for persons whose emigration he paid, including his first wife, variously known as Ann or Alyce. In 1675, Jordan was one of the wealthiest men in Surry County, paying taxes on seven tithable servants, none of whom was Black, unlike the other wealthy men, Col. Thomas Swann, Major William Browne, Francis Mason, Arthur Allen and Cpt. Lawrence Baker.
Jordan was first elected as one of the burgesses representing James City County in the House of Burgesses in 1644, and while he was not-re-elected the following year, he was again elected in 1646, and was one of two men re-elected the following year. Upon the creation of Surry County from land in James City County south of the James River in 1652, Jordan became one of the justices of the peace who jointly administered the new county. In 1658-59 he was elected as one of the burgesses representing Surry county, but only for the 1659 session, and again around the time of Bacon's Rebellion discussed below.
Accounts differ as to whether Jordan had been formally appointed to the Virginia Governor's Council in 1670, or whether he attended meetings ex officio because of his positions at attorney general and deputy escheator. Members of the Governor's Council could not serve as burgesses, and Jordan was a burgess in 1674-76, just before and during Bacon's Rebellion. During the actual conflict in late 1676, Jordan served as Lt. Col. for the Surry County militia under Col. (and councillor) Thomas Swann and garrisoned a fort in Surry County's Southwark parish which was not the site of actual fighting.
Following the conflict, the commissioners investigating the rebellion (Herbert Jeffreys, John Berry and Francis Moryson) on Mqy 1, 1677 requested Jordan and fellow burgess Major Theophilius Hone (whose house was destroyed in the Jamestown arson by Bacon's fiollowers) prepare a report about loss of goods and cattle in James City, New Kent and York Counties, which survives but reportedly is extremely difficult to read. Jordan also specifically cleared and requested a pardon for Mrs. Sarah Grindon, the wife of Thomas Grindon, who had been charged as an insurgent. Jordan prepared a list of men whose estates had been escheated to the crown, including signed a document about disposition of the estate of Richard Lawrence, one of Bacon's ardent supporters and a Jamestown resident who was executed for his participation.
Death and legacy
Jordan died in late 1678. His fellow burgess Lt.Col. William Browne and William Thompson testified thathis May 1678 will was authentic, and it was admitted to probate in November. It directed that he be buried beside his wife and children in the Four Mile Tree plantation orchard, and made several charitable bequests (the most unusual of which provided that a sermon on mortality be preached at his house on October 15, the anniversary of the death of his daughter), as well as bequests to descendants of his brother and sister.
References
Virginia colonial people
House of Burgesses members
People from Jamestown, Virginia
People from Surry County, Virginia
Virginia Attorneys General
Virginia lawyers
1620 births
1678 deaths
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31684836
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kode%20IF
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Kode IF
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Kode IF is a Swedish football club located in Kode.
Background
Kode IF currently plays in Division 4 Göteborg A which is the sixth tier of Swedish football. They play their home matches at the Lunnevi in Kode.
The club is affiliated to Göteborgs Fotbollförbund. Kode IF have competed in the Svenska Cupen on 9 occasions and have played 13 matches in the competition.
Season to season
Footnotes
External links
Kode IF – Official website
Kode IF on Facebook
Football clubs in Gothenburg
Association football clubs established in 1950
1950 establishments in Sweden
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19127305
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shiatzy%20Chen
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Shiatzy Chen
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Shiatzy Chen () is a Taiwanese luxury fashion house founded in 1978 by Wang Chen Tsai-Hsia (王陳彩霞) and her husband Wang Yuan-Hong. Its style is described as "neo-Chinese chic", combining the aesthetics of Chinese clothing and handicraft with Western styles.
History
In 1978, Wang Chen Tsai-Hsia and her husband, Wang Yuan-hong (王元宏), a businessman who was in the textile trade, founded the Shiatzy International Company Limited in 1978. In 1987, the company added a menswear line, including off-the-peg changpaos intended for weddings and traditional engagement parties. A popular line is their quilted, often reversible, winter jackets, available in a wide range of styles, fabrics, patterns and color combinations.
In 1990, Shiatzy Chen set up a studio in Paris to learn more about Western dressmaking techniques. This studio also serves as a training center for Taiwanese dressmakers and designers. The company opened a flagship store in Paris in 2001. In 2003, after Harry Wang (the son of the company's founders) became CEO, the company entered the Chinese market, opening a third flagship store in Shanghai, on The Bund in October 2005; with further stores in Hong Kong and Beijing. Restoration on the building began in late 2001. The interior was designed by Indonesian designer Jaya Ibrahim. The company aimed to have 50 stores in mainland China by 2010 in addition to their 48 outlets in Taiwan, 23 directly managed stores and 25 department store counters.
The label has been listed on the London-based Financial Times pick of what is hot in 2004. It was also deemed the most popular fashion brand in Taiwan by The Wall Street Journal Asia.
In 2007, Shiatzy Chen opened a second factory, measuring 6000 square meters, in Shanghai and designed by German architect Johannes Hartfuss to accommodate a workforce of more than 1,000 employees, including dressmakers and embroiderers. The company expanded its catalogue with accessories and a line of furniture available from their three flagship stores in Taipei, Shanghai and Paris.
On 5 October 2008, Shiatzy Chen debuted at Paris Fashion Week, making Wang just the second Taiwanese design house (after YufengShawn, 馭風騷, in 2005) to have officially shown there. They presented their show at the École nationale supérieure des Beaux-Arts on the Left Bank in central Paris, and have shown there in subsequent years. On 9 November 2009, the company became a member of the Chambre syndicale du prêt-à-porter des couturiers et des créateurs de mode.
In 2010, they held a record-breaking exhibition of 100 flower-themed dresses at the Taipei International Flora Exposition, presented on the longest catwalk seen in the Taiwan fashion business. In June 2010, Shiatzy Chen and the tea culture brand Cha Cha Thé (采采食茶文化, owned by Jack Wang, the brother of Harry Wang) opened an exclusive sales area in the Galeries Lafayette department store in Paris, along with a tea lounge in Taipei. In 2011 the company reported sales of about US$60 million.
In 2017, the company opened a boutique on avenue Montaigne in Paris, being the first Asian brand on that street. In August 2018, the brand launched a capsule collection with Disney.
In October 2020, the brand launched a sporty spring collection inspired by female warrior Hua Mulan. In this collection, Madame Wang tried embroidering on cotton and using fresh fabrics like gingham.
Description
Shiatzy Chen is one of few homegrown designer labels in Taiwan with an international clientele including the former President of Taiwan Ma Ying-jeou, Taiwanese celebrities including Dee Shu, Patty Hou, Wang Leehom and Aska Yang; local politicians such as Jason Hu, businesswomen such as Pansy Ho and Shaw-Lan Wang; and British celebrities such as Elizabeth Hurley and Victoria Beckham. The Taiwanese market is the company's major source of revenue.
Exhibitions
The Evergreen Classic – Transformation of the Qipao - Hong Kong Museum of History (23 June-13 September 2010). Some of Shiatzy Chen's qipao-inspired designs were included in this exhibition.
See also
List of companies of Taiwan
References
External links
CEO Talk | Harry Wang, Chief Executive Officer, Shiatzy Chen/The Business of Fashion
Further reading
1978 establishments in Taiwan
Clothing brands
Companies based in Taipei
Clothing companies established in 1978
Fashion accessory brands
High fashion brands
Privately held companies
Taiwanese brands
Taiwanese fashion
Tea houses
Design companies established in 1978
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli%C5%A1ka%20Kr%C3%A1snohorsk%C3%A1
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Eliška Krásnohorská
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Eliška Krásnohorská (18 November 1847, in Prague – 26 November 1926, in Prague) was a Czech feminist author. She was introduced to literature and feminism by Karolína Světlá. She wrote works of lyric poetry and literary criticism, however, she is usually associated with children's literature and translations, including works by Pushkin, Mickiewicz and Byron.
Krásnohorská wrote the libretti for four operas by Bedřich Smetana: The Kiss, The Secret, The Devil's Wall and Viola. She also wrote the libretto for Zdeněk Fibich's opera Blaník. In 1873, she founded the women's magazine Ženské listy, which she headed until handing it over to Jindřiška Flajšhansová in 1912.
In 1890 Krásnohorská founded the Minerva School in Prague, the first gymnasium for girls in the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Its language of instruction was Czech.
References
1847 births
1926 deaths
Writers from Prague
Czech feminists
Czech women novelists
19th-century Czech poets
Czech translators
Czech opera librettists
19th-century Czech novelists
19th-century women writers
Women opera librettists
Czech women poets
19th-century translators
Czech educators
Czech women educators
School founders
Magazine founders
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65335980
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian%20Songwriter%27s%20Hall%20of%20Fame
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Australian Songwriter's Hall of Fame
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The Australian Songwriters Hall of Fame was established in 2004 to honour the lifetime achievements of some of Australia's greatest songwriters. The award is presented annually at the Australian Songwriters Association Awards night by Glenn A Baker.
List of inductees
References
2004 establishments in Australia
Halls of fame in Australia
Music halls of fame
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53095737
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1927%20County%20Championship
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1927 County Championship
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The 1927 County Championship was the 34th officially organised running of the County Championship. Lancashire County Cricket Club won the championship title for a second successive year. In May 1927, Warwickshire beat Yorkshire by eight wickets, which was Yorkshire's first loss in 71 consecutive matches in the County Championship.
Points Changes
Final placings were still decided by calculating the percentage of points gained against possible points available but in March 1927 the MCC revised the points scoring as follows:
Eight points were awarded for a win
Four points were awarded for a tie
Five points for the side leading after the first innings of a drawn match
Three points for the side losing after the first innings of a drawn match
Four points for the sides if tied after the first innings of a drawn match
Four points for a no result on first innings (after more than six hours playing time)
If the weather reduces a match to less than six hours and there has not been a result on first innings then the match shall be void.
Table
*includes a tie on first innings
References
1927 in English cricket
County Championship seasons
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2729331
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apaturia
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Apaturia
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Apaturia () were ancient Greek festivals held annually by all the Ionian towns, except Ephesus and Colophon. At Athens the Apaturia took place on the 11th, 12th and 13th days of the month of Pyanepsion (mid-October to mid-November), on which occasion the various phratries, or clans, of Attica met to discuss their affairs.
The name is a slightly modified form of or , the festival of "common relationship". The ancient folk etymology associated it with ("deceit"), a legend claiming that the festival originated in 1100 BC as a commemoration of a single combat between a certain Melanthus, representing King Thymoetes of Attica, and King Xanthus of Boeotia, in which Melanthus successfully threw his adversary off his guard by crying that a man in a black goat skin (identified with Dionysus) was helping him.
On the first day of the festival, called Dorpia or Dorpeia (Δορπεία), banquets were held towards evening at the meeting-place of the phratries or in the private houses of members. On the second, Anarrhysis (from , "to draw back the victim's head"), a sacrifice of oxen was offered at the public cost to Zeus Phratrius and Athena.
On the third day, Kureōtis (), children born since the last festival were presented by their fathers or guardians to the assembled phratores, and, after an oath had been taken as to their legitimacy and the sacrifice of a goat or a sheep, their names were inscribed in the register. The name is derived either from , "young man", i.e., the day of the young, or less probably from κείρω, "to shear", because on this occasion young people cut their hair and offered it to the gods. The sacrificial animal was called μείον. The children who entered puberty also made offerings of wine to Hercules. On this day also it was the custom for boys still at school to declaim pieces of poetry, and to receive prizes.
According to Hesychius, these three days of the festival were followed by a fourth, called , but this is merely a general term for the day after any festival.
See also
Athenian festivals
References
Festivals in ancient Ionia
Festivals in ancient Athens
October observances
November observances
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunning%20baronets
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Dunning baronets
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The Dunning Baronetcy, of Beedinglee, Lower Beeding, West Sussex, is a title in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom. It was created on 24 June 1930 for Leonard Dunning. He was Inspector of Constabulary at the Home Office between 1912 and 1930.
Dunning baronets, of Beedinglee (1930)
Sir Leonard Dunning, 1st Baronet (1860–1941)
Sir William Leonard Dunning, 2nd Baronet (1903–1961)
Sir Simon William Patrick Dunning, 3rd Baronet (born 1939)
At the present time, there is no heir to the baronetcy.
References
Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990.
Dunning
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52389585
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug%20Jamison
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Doug Jamison
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Doug Jamison (born 30 October 1952) is a Canadian former swimmer. He competed in the men's 200 metre individual medley at the 1972 Summer Olympics at age 19, with a time of 2:17.71.
References
External links
1952 births
Living people
Olympic swimmers for Canada
Swimmers at the 1972 Summer Olympics
Swimmers from Edmonton
Canadian male medley swimmers
20th-century Canadian people
21st-century Canadian people
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35701328
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me%20Roussillon
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Jérôme Roussillon
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Jérôme Roussillon (; born 6 January 1993) is a professional footballer who plays as a left-back for Bundesliga club Union Berlin. Born in mainland France, he plays for the Guadeloupe national team.
Career
Montpellier HSC
Roussillon made his professional debut with Montpellier on 2 May 2012 in a league match against Ajaccio appearing as a substitute.
VfL Wolfsburg
On 6 August 2018, Roussillon joined VfL Wolfsburg on a four-year-deal.
Union Berlin
In January 2023, Roussillon joined Union Berlin.
International career
Roussillon is a former France youth international, having represented them in under-18 and under-20 levels. In March 2023, he opted to play for the Guadeloupe national team.
Career statistics
Club
Notes
References
External links
Living people
1993 births
Men's association football fullbacks
Sportspeople from Sarcelles
Black French sportspeople
Guadeloupean men's footballers
Guadeloupe men's international footballers
French men's footballers
French people of Guadeloupean descent
INF Clairefontaine players
FC Sochaux-Montbéliard players
Montpellier HSC players
VfL Wolfsburg players
1. FC Union Berlin players
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France men's youth international footballers
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Footballers from Val-d'Oise
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30892329
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1955%20LeHi%20300
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1955 LeHi 300
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The 1955 LeHi 300 (known officially in NASCAR as 1955-40) was a NASCAR Grand National Series event that was held on October 9, 1955, at Memphis-Arkansas Speedway in LeHi, Arkansas.
The race car drivers still had to commute to the races using the same stock cars that competed in a typical weekend's race through a policy of homologation (and under their own power). This policy was in effect until roughly 1975. By 1980, NASCAR had completely stopped tracking the year model of all the vehicles and most teams did not take stock cars to the track under their own power any more.
Race report
The 200-lap race took three hours and thirty-four minutes to complete in front of 8500 live spectators. Speedy Thompson defeated Marvin Panch by ¾ of a single lap. Ford would win their first race as a manufacturer since 1950. Fonty Flock earned the pole position with a speed of while the winner of the race achieved a speed of . Jim Reed was disqualified for using non-stock cylinder heads, and was considered a repeat violation according to NASCAR. The in-race disqualification resulted in Reed given the last-place finish on lap 8. All of the 41 drivers on the racing grid were Caucasian American-born males. This was the 40th racing event out of the 45 done in the 1955 NASCAR Grand National Series season.
Bob Flock would make his only NASCAR Grand National Series start under car owner Carl Kiekhafer. Due to strained relationships between Flock and Kiekhafer, Flock would never drive for him again. In this race, 21 of the drivers had previously won in the NASCAR Grand National Cup Series. This was also the 12th Of Buck Baker's 16 consecutive finishes to bring the 1955 NASCAR Grand National Series to a conclusion. It was also the 10th of 12 starts for Johnny Mantz.
The total amount of prize winnings that could have been earned from this racing event was $9,120 ($ when adjusted for inflation). Smokey Yunick and Carl Kiekhaefer were the two notable crew chiefs that participated in the event.
Tiny Lund would make his career start during this event and would make $60 for his troubles ($ when adjusted for inflation). Other drivers making their NASCAR Cup Series debut in this race included Johnny Allen, Bill Morton, Jim Murray, Norm Nelson, and Chuck Stevenson. A lot of drivers would make their grand exits from NASCAR after this race: this relatively long list included Floyd Curtis, Hooker Hood, Roscoe Rann and Leland Sewell. One-time race car drivers Bob Coleman, Al Hager, and Gene Rose would make their only NASCAR appearances during this race.
Even during the 1950s, it was unusual to see four cars fail to finish the race due to problems with the vapor lock. It occurs when the liquid fuel changes state from liquid to gas while still in the fuel delivery system. This disrupts the operation of the fuel pump, causing loss of feed pressure to the carburetor, resulting in transient loss of power or complete stalling. Restarting the engine from this state may be difficult. The fuel can vaporize due to being heated by the engine, by the local climate or due to a lower boiling point at high altitude.
Qualifying
Top 10 finishers
Timeline
Section reference:
Start of race: Tim Flock started the race with the pole position.
Lap 3: A piston located inside Ted Cannady's vehicle stopped working properly.
Lap 5: Radiator issues forced Fonty Flock into the sidelines for the remainder of the race.
Lap 8: Jim Reed was disqualified from the race.
Lap 10: The radiator on Floyd Curtis' vehicle no longer worked properly.
Lap 13: The gasket on Eddie Skinner's vehicle fell off.
Lap 19: The vapor lock on Curtis Turner's vehicle acted in an unusual manner.
Lap 22: Russ Graham's vehicle overheated; Bill Widenhouse's radiator started acting strangely.
Lap 27: Dave Terrell had a terminal crash.
Lap 29: Joe Weatherly's vehicle developed vapor lock issues.
Lap 38: Gwyn Staley's fuel pump started acting funny, forcing him off the track.
Lap 43: Speedy Thompson takes over the lead from Tim Flock.
Lap 46: Johnny Mantz suddenly had problems with his vapor lock along with Joe Eubanks.
Lap 55: Billy Carden had a terminal crash.
Lap 63: Jim Murray's fuel pump was giving him problems.
Lap 65: Tiny Lund had a terminal crash.
Lap 123: Bill Morton had a terminal crash.
Lap 132: The rear end of Herb Thomas' vehicle fell off, forcing him to leave the event.
Lap 162: Norm Nelson's engine became problematic, causing him to exit the race early.
Finish: Speedy Thompson was declared the winner of the race.
References
LeHi 300
LeHi 300
NASCAR races at Memphis-Arkansas Speedway
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57506056
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uta%20Francke
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Uta Francke
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Uta Francke is a German-American physician-geneticist known for her accomplishments in mapping genes to specific chromosome locations and discovering the genes and underlying mutations responsible for Prader-Willi and Rett syndromes. Her work on detailed mapping of human chromosome laid the foundation of the Human Genome Project and discovery of many other rare genetic disorders. She is currently a professor of Genetics and Pediatrics Emerita at Stanford University. She has also served as a consultant to 23andMe Inc since 2007, and as a part-time employee from 2010-2013.
Francke is a past-president of the American Society of Human Genetics (ASHG) and a founding member of the American College of Medical Genetics.
Early life
Francke was born in 1942 in a small town just north of Frankfurt, Germany. Her father, who had a law degree, fought for Germany in World War II, and her mother was an elementary school teacher. Francke's father died from what was assumed as a heart attack at age 46, when she was 12 years old. Francke became interested in medicine after high school and eventually graduated from University of Munich in 1967 with a M.D. In 1978, Uta Francke got a license to fly a small plane and joined a flying club in New Haven.
Research
Dr. Uta Francke's research spans across five decades ranging from human and mouse chromosome identification and gene mapping to the discovery of genes involved in heritable disorders and their functions. Her laboratory developed mouse models for human micro-deletion syndromes as well as the original nomenclature for band patterns of mouse chromosomes. Francke has been a HHMI investigator from 1989 to 2000.
She has over 500 peer-reviewed publications with groundbreaking insights into Charcot–Marie–Tooth disease, Marfan syndrome, Prader–Willi syndrome, and Williams syndrome. In 1994, her laboratory discovered the gene for the inherited immunodeficiency Wiskott–Aldrich syndrome. In 1999, she co-discovered the gene for Rett syndrome, an autism-like disorder that is one of the most common causes of developmental mental disability among girls.
Awards
Original Member, Highly Cited Researchers database, ISI (2002)
Antoine Marfan Award, National Marfan Foundation (1996)
President, International Federation of Human Genetics Societies (2000-2002)
Elected President, American Society of Human Genetics (1999)
Elected Member, American Academy of Arts and Sciences (1997)
Elected Fellow, American Association for the Advancement of Science (1995)
Elected Member, Institute of Medicine (National Academies) (1990)
Elected Associate Member, European Molecular Biology Organization (2009)
Colonel Harland Sanders Lifetime Achievement Award in Genetics, March of Dimes Birth Defects Foundation (2001)
William Allan Award, American Society for Human Genetics (2012)
Award for Excellence in Molecular Diagnostics, Association for Molecular Pathology (2014)
References
1942 births
Living people
American geneticists
Stanford University faculty
Howard Hughes Medical Investigators
American women scientists
21st-century American women
Members of the National Academy of Medicine
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