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# Deceptively Aligned Mesa-Optimizers: It's Not Funny If I Have To Explain It **I.** Our goal here is to popularize obscure and hard-to-understand areas of AI alignment, and surely this meme (retweeted by Eliezer last week) qualifies: So let’s try to understand the incomprehensible meme! Our main source will be Hubi...
Scott Alexander
51970484
Deceptively Aligned Mesa-Optimizers: It's Not Funny If I Have To Explain It
acx
# Open Thread 219 This is the weekly visible open thread. Post about anything you want, ask random questions, whatever. You can also talk at the unofficial ACX community [subreddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/slatestarcodex/), [Discord](https://discord.gg/RTKtdut), or [bulletin board](https://www.datasecretslox.com/inde...
Scott Alexander
51978745
Open Thread 219
acx
# Spring Meetups In Seventy Cities Lots of people only want to go to meetups a few times a year. And they all want to go to the same big meetups as all the other people who only go a few times a year. In 2021, we set up one big well-telegraphed meetup in the fall as a Schelling point for these people. This year, we’r...
mingyuan
51957287
Spring Meetups In Seventy Cities
acx
# Dictator Book Club: Xi Jinping ###### [Previous entries: [Erdogan](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/book-review-the-new-sultan?s=w), [Modi](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/book-review-modi-a-political-biography?s=w), [Orban](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/dictator-book-club-orban?s=w)] *[The Third...
Scott Alexander
51342215
Dictator Book Club: Xi Jinping
acx
# Highlights From The Comments On Self-Determination **1:** [Rosemary](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/who-gets-self-determination/comment/5788664) (writes [Parallel Republic](https://parallelrepublic.substack.com/)) says: > I think a preference for the status quo has to weigh in to some extent. > > All else be...
Scott Alexander
51617215
Highlights From The Comments On Self-Determination
acx
# Yudkowsky Contra Christiano On AI Takeoff Speeds **Previously in series:** [Yudkowsky Contra Ngo On Agents](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/practically-a-book-review-yudkowsky?s=w), [Yudkowsky Contra Cotra On Biological Anchors](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/biological-anchors-a-trick-that-might?s=w) ...
Scott Alexander
49755960
Yudkowsky Contra Christiano On AI Takeoff Speeds
acx
# Open Thread 218 This is the weekly visible open thread. Post about anything you want, ask random questions, whatever. You can also talk at the unofficial ACX community [subreddit](https://www.reddit.com/r/slatestarcodex/), [Discord](https://discord.gg/RTKtdut), or [bulletin board](https://www.datasecretslox.com/inde...
Scott Alexander
51544727
Open Thread 218
acx
# The Low-Hanging Fruit Argument: Models And Predictions A followup to [Contra Hoel On Aristocratic Tutoring](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/contra-hoel-on-aristocratic-tutoring?s=w): Imagine scientists venturing off in some research direction. At the dawn of history, they don’t need to venture very far before...
Scott Alexander
51086762
The Low-Hanging Fruit Argument: Models And Predictions
acx
# Idol Words ###### *(with apologies to [Raymond Smullyan](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hardest_Logic_Puzzle_Ever) and the rest of the omniscient idol riddle tradition)* The woman was wearing sunglasses, a visor, a little too much lipstick, and a camera around her neck. “Excuse me,” she asked. “Is this the templ...
Scott Alexander
50796763
Idol Words
acx
# Who Gets Self-Determination? **I.** LSE: [Fact-Checking The Kremlin’s Version Of Russian History](https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lseih/2020/07/01/there-is-no-ukraine-fact-checking-the-kremlins-version-of-ukrainian-history/): > The notion that Ukraine is not a country in its own right, but a historical part of Russia, app...
Scott Alexander
51096603
Who Gets Self-Determination?
acx
# Information Markets, Decision Markets, Attention Markets, Action Markets ###### [thumbnail image credit: excellent nature photographer [Eco Suparman](https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2128668/Amazing-nature-Like-mantis-needs-bicycle-Incredible-close-shot-praying-mantis-Borneo-makes-viewers-double-take.html), ...
Scott Alexander
51147776
Information Markets, Decision Markets, Attention Markets, Action Markets
acx
# Open Thread 217 **1:** Remember: entries to the [2022 ACX Book Review Contest](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/book-review-contest-rules-2022?s=w) are due April 5th. You can send them in with [this form](https://docs.google.com/forms/d/18ft8ZxQcKFwMsi_DZINn7d7VIso_y1Armfr59YeOGLE/edit). **2:** Theeffective al...
Scott Alexander
51108564
Open Thread 217
acx
# Highlights From The Comments On Justice Creep A lot of comments on [Justice Creep](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/justice-creep?s=w) fell into three categories: **First**, people who thought some variety of: yes, all this stuff is definitely a justice issue, and it’s good that language is starting to reflect...
Scott Alexander
50861569
Highlights From The Comments On Justice Creep
acx
# Men Will Literally Have Completely Different Mental Processes Instead Of Going To Therapy People are debating “therapy: good or bad?” again: There are dozens of kinds of therapy: reliving your traumas, practicing mindfulness, analyzing dreams, uncovering your latent desire to have sex with your mother. But most peo...
Scott Alexander
50666668
Men Will Literally Have Completely Different Mental Processes Instead Of Going To Therapy
acx
# Contra Hoel On Aristocratic Tutoring **I.** Erik Hoel has an interesting new essay, [Why We Stopped Making Einsteins](https://erikhoel.substack.com/p/why-we-stopped-making-einsteins?s=w). It argues that an apparent decline in great minds is caused by the replacement of aristocratic tutoring by ordinary education. ...
Scott Alexander
50658926
Contra Hoel On Aristocratic Tutoring
acx
# Mantic Monday 3/21/22 ### Warcasting Changes in Ukraine prediction markets since [my last post](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/ukraine-warcasting?s=w) March 14: 1. [Will Kiev fall to Russian forces by April 2022](https://www.metaculus.com/questions/9939/kyiv-to-fall-to-russian-forces-by-april-2022/)?: **14%...
Scott Alexander
50764746
Mantic Monday 3/21/22
acx
# Open Thread 216 This is the weekly visible open thread. Odd-numbered open threads will be no-politics, even-numbered threads will be politics-allowed. This one is even-numbered, so go wild - or post about whatever else you want. Also: **1:** I’ve gotten some requests from Russian/Ukranian readers in various stages ...
Scott Alexander
50671736
Open Thread 216
acx
# Highlights From The Comments On Zulresso Thanks to everyone who commented on [Zounds! It’s Zulresso and Zuranolone](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/zounds-its-zulresso-and-zuranolone) and on the followup [Progesterone Megadoses Might Be A Cheap Zulresso Substitute](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/progest...
Scott Alexander
50266343
Highlights From The Comments On Zulresso
acx
# Justice Creep Freddie deBoer says we’re a [planet of cops](https://freddiedeboer.substack.com/p/planet-of-cops?s=r). Maybe that’s why justice is eating the world. Helping the poor becomes [economic justice](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_justice). If they’re minorities, then it’s [racial justice](https://ww...
Scott Alexander
49709750
Justice Creep
acx
# Mantic Monday 3/14/22 ### Ukraine Warcasting Changes in Ukraine prediction markets since [my last post](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/ukraine-warcasting?s=w) February 28: 1. [Will Kiev fall to Russian forces by April 2022](https://www.metaculus.com/questions/9939/kyiv-to-fall-to-russian-forces-by-april-202...
Scott Alexander
50284425
Mantic Monday 3/14/22
acx
# Open Thread 215 This is the weekly visible open thread. Odd-numbered open threads will be no-politics, even-numbered threads will be politics-allowed. This one is odd-numbered, so be careful. Otherwise, post about anything else you want. Also: **1:** The effective altruist movement [is offering](https://effectiveid...
Scott Alexander
50261407
Open Thread 215
acx
# Progesterone Megadoses Might Be A Cheap Zulresso Substitute Earlier this week [we talked about Zulresso](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/zounds-its-zulresso-and-zuranolone?s=w), a new medication for post-partum depression. It works well, but it can only be administered at a few special hospitals, and costs $35...
Scott Alexander
49659230
Progesterone Megadoses Might Be A Cheap Zulresso Substitute
acx
# Advice For Unwoke Academic? An academic recently asked me for advice. A lucky career development has now made him almost un-fire-able, and he wants to join the fight for academic freedom. We talked about two different strategies: * **Fabian Strategy:** Become a beloved pillar of his college community. Volunteer for...
Scott Alexander
48318122
Advice For Unwoke Academic?
acx
# Zounds! It's Zulresso and Zuranolone! #### 1: What is Zulresso? Wikipedia [describes](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cthulhu_Mythos_deities) Zulresso as “A bat-winged, armless toad with tentacles instead of a face... ” - no! sorry! That’s Zvilpogghua, one of the Great Old Ones from the Lovecraft mythos. Zulresso is...
Scott Alexander
49209345
Zounds! It's Zulresso and Zuranolone!
acx
# Ukraine Thoughts And Links *Disclaimer: I am not an expert in international relations or military strategy, which is fine. In democracies, it’s normal and correct for ordinary citizens to have opinions on important world issues, and demands that they not do so are ahistorical and dangerous. Still, take anything I sa...
Scott Alexander
49910542
Ukraine Thoughts And Links
acx
# Open Thread 214 This is the weekly visible open thread. Odd-numbered open threads will be no-politics, even-numbered threads will be politics-allowed. This one is even-numbered, so go wild - or post about whatever else you want. Also: **1:** Crypto exchange FTX announces the launch of the Future Fund ([blog announc...
Scott Alexander
49849995
Open Thread 214
acx
# What Are We Arguing About When We Argue About Rationality? Let’s talk about this tweet: The backstory: Steven Pinker wrote a book about rationality. The book concludes it is good. People should learn how to be more rational, and then we will have fewer problems. Howard Gardner, [well-known wrong person](https://en...
Scott Alexander
48291410
What Are We Arguing About When We Argue About Rationality?
acx
# Microaddictions Everyone always says you should “eat mindfully”. I tried this once and it was weird. For example, I noticed that only the first few bites of a tasty food actually tasted good. After that I habituated and lost it. Not only that, but there was a brief period when I finished eating the food which was be...
Scott Alexander
47584934
Microaddictions
acx
# Ukraine Warcasting Yeah, I know you’re saturated with Ukraine content. Yeah, I know everyone wants to relate their hobbyhorse to Ukraine. But I think it’s genuinely useful to talk about prediction markets right now. Current conventional wisdom is that the invasion was a miscalculation on Putin’s part, after he surr...
Scott Alexander
49526673
Ukraine Warcasting
acx
# Open Thread 213 This is the weekly visible open thread. Odd-numbered open threads will be no-culture-wars, even-numbered threads will be culture-wars-allowed. This one is odd-numbered, so be careful. Otherwise, post about anything else you want. Also: **1:** Eli Lifland and Misha Yagudin have asked me to announce t...
Scott Alexander
49474491
Open Thread 213
acx
# Austin Meetup Correction Austin meetup is still this Sunday, 2/27, 12-3. But **the location has been switched to Moontower Cider Company at 1916 Tillery St**. The organizer is still sbarta@gmail.com , and you can still contact him if you have any questions. As per usual procedure, everyone is invited. Please feel...
Scott Alexander
49371094
Austin Meetup Correction
acx
# Biological Anchors: A Trick That Might Or Might Not Work ## Introduction I've been trying to review and summarize Eliezer Yudkowksy's recent dialogues on AI safety. Previously in sequence: [Yudkowsky Contra Ngo On Agents](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/practically-a-book-review-yudkowsky). Now we’re up to Yu...
Scott Alexander
47594966
Biological Anchors: A Trick That Might Or Might Not Work
acx
# Links For February *[Remember, I haven’t independently verified each link. On average, commenters will end up spotting evidence that around two or three of the links in each links post are wrong or misleading. I correct these as I see them, and will highlight important corrections later, but I can’t guarantee I will...
Scott Alexander
49041403
Links For February
acx
# Play Money And Reputation Systems For now, US-based prediction markets [can’t use real money](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/the-passage-of-polymarket?utm_source=url) without clearing near-impossible regulatory hurdles. So smaller and more innovative projects will have to stick with some kind of play money or...
Scott Alexander
49096803
Play Money And Reputation Systems
acx
# Open Thread 212 **1:** My spam filter has gone rogue and is blocking lots of important messages from real people. If you sent me something important and I haven’t responded, sorry, it’s probably in spam (though still with a medium amount of probability on “I am incompetent and just forgot to reply”). As a temporary ...
Scott Alexander
49087040
Open Thread 212
acx
# Austin Meetup Next Sunday I’ll be in Austin on Sunday, 2/27, and the meetup group there has kindly agreed to host me and anyone else who wants to show up. We’ll be at [UPDATED WITH CHANGE} Moontower Cider Company at 1916 Tillery St from noon to 3. The organizer is sbarta@gmail.com , you can contact him if you have ...
Scott Alexander
48999766
Austin Meetup Next Sunday
acx
# The Gods Only Have Power Because We Believe In Them *[with apologies to [Terry Pratchett](https://amzn.to/3oKWHyS) and [TVTropes](https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/GodsNeedPrayerBadly)]* “Is it true,” asked the student, “that the gods only have power because we believe in them?” “Yes,” said the sage. “T...
Scott Alexander
48716400
The Gods Only Have Power Because We Believe In Them
acx
# Book Review: Sadly, Porn **I.** Freshman English class says all books need a conflict. Man vs. Man, Man vs. Self, whatever. The conflict in *[Sadly, Porn](https://amzn.to/34VRqgW)* is Author vs. Reader. The author - the pseudonymous “Edward Teach, MD” - is a spectacular writer. Your exact assessment of his skill w...
Scott Alexander
48129594
Book Review: Sadly, Porn
acx
# Mantic Monday: Ukraine Cube Manifold ### Ukraine Thanks to [Clay Graubard](https://twitter.com/ClayGraubard/status/1491759547291156481) for doing my work for me: These run from about 48% to 60%, but I think the differences are justified by the slightly different wordings of the question and definitions of “invasio...
Scott Alexander
48705653
Mantic Monday: Ukraine Cube Manifold
acx
# Open Thread 211 This is the weekly visible open thread. Odd-numbered open threads will be no-politics, even-numbered threads will be politics-allowed. This one is odd-numbered, so be careful. Otherwise, post about anything else you want. Also: **1:** The team behind Polymarket want me to clarify that despite the to...
Scott Alexander
48707726
Open Thread 211
acx
# Highlights From The Comments On Motivated Reasoning And Reinforcement Learning **I. Comments From People Who Actually Know What They’re Talking About** Gabriel [writes](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/motivated-reasoning-as-mis-applied/comment/4822086): > The brain trains on magnitude and acts on sign. > > T...
Scott Alexander
48285380
Highlights From The Comments On Motivated Reasoning And Reinforcement Learning
acx
# ACX Grants ++: The Second Half This is the closing part of [ACX Grants](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/acx-grants-results). Projects that I couldn’t fully fund myself were invited to submit a brief description so I could at least give them free advertising here. You can look them over and decide if any seem w...
Scott Alexander
48145304
ACX Grants ++: The Second Half
acx
# So You Want To Run A Microgrants Program **I.** Medical training is a wild ride. You do four years of undergrad in some bio subject, ace your MCATs, think you’re pretty hot stuff. Then you do your med school preclinicals, study umpteen hours a day, ace your shelf exams, and it seems like you're pretty much there. T...
Scott Alexander
47831268
So You Want To Run A Microgrants Program
acx
# Heuristics That Almost Always Work **The Security Guard** He works in a very boring building. It basically never gets robbed. He sits in his security guard booth doing the crossword. Every so often, there’s a noise, and he checks to see if it’s robbers, or just the wind. It’s the wind. It is always the wind. It’s ...
Scott Alexander
45269466
Heuristics That Almost Always Work
acx
# Two Small Corrections And Updates **1:** I titled part of my post yesterday “RIP Polymarket”, which was a mistake. Polymarket would like to remind everyone that they are very much alive, with a real-money market available to anyone outside the US, and some kind of compliant US product (maybe a play-money market) in ...
Scott Alexander
48422514
Two Small Corrections And Updates
acx
# The Passage Of Polymarket **Long Live Polymarket** Polymarket [got fined $1.4 million by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission](https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/01/24/polymarket-relaunches-site-after-cftc-shutdown-but-not-for-us-traders/) and was ordered to cease noncompliant trading in the US. Polymarket...
Scott Alexander
48322340
The Passage Of Polymarket
acx
# Open Thread 210 This is the weekly visible open thread. Odd-numbered open threads will be no-politics, even-numbered threads will be politics-allowed. This one is even-numbered, so go wild - or post about whatever else you want. Also: **1:** We now have a “report comment” button! If someone posts a terrible comment...
Scott Alexander
48329219
Open Thread 210
acx
# Book Review Contest Rules 2022 Okay, we’re officially doing this again. Write a review of a book. There’s no official word count requirement, but [last year’s finalists and winners](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/book-review-contest-winners) were often between 2,000 and 10,000 words. There’s no official reco...
Scott Alexander
48201926
Book Review Contest Rules 2022
acx
# ACX Grants ++: The First Half This is the closing part of [ACX Grants](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/acx-grants-results). Projects that I couldn’t fully fund myself were invited to submit a brief description so I could at least give them free advertising here. You can look them over and decide if any seem wo...
Scott Alexander
47877881
ACX Grants ++: The First Half
acx
# Why Do I Suck? I recently ran a subscriber-only AMA, and one of the most frequent questions was some version of “why do you suck?” My commenters were very nice about it. They didn’t use those exact words. It was more like “I loved your articles from about 2013 - 2016 so much! Why don’t you write articles like that ...
Scott Alexander
47927663
Why Do I Suck?
acx
# Motivated Reasoning As Mis-applied Reinforcement Learning Here’s something else I got from [the first Yudkowsky-Ngo dialogue](https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/7im8at9PmhbT4JHsW/ngo-and-yudkowsky-on-alignment-difficulty): Suppose you go to Lion Country and get mauled by lions. You want the part of your brain that gen...
Scott Alexander
46504475
Motivated Reasoning As Mis-applied Reinforcement Learning
acx
# Predictions For 2022 *I didn’t let myself check prediction markets when making these forecasts since that would spoil the fun. I also only permitted myself at most five minutes of research on any one question.* ***See the bottom of the post for a contest/survey.*** **US/WORLD**1. Biden approval rating (as per 538)...
Scott Alexander
47551031
Predictions For 2022
acx
# Open Thread 209 This is the weekly visible open thread. Odd-numbered open threads will be no-politics, even-numbered threads will be politics-allowed. This one is odd-numbered, so be careful. Otherwise, post about anything else you want. Also: **1:** Several good comments on the Poverty and Infant EEG post, eg [Rah...
Scott Alexander
47961301
Open Thread 209
acx
# Classifieds Thread 1/2022 This is the bimonthly (?) classifieds thread. Advertise whatever you want in the comments. I’m experimenting with being more organized this time, so please respond to the appropriate top-level comment: **Employment, Dating, Read My Blog** (also includes podcasts, books, etc)**, Consume My ...
Scott Alexander
47828084
Classifieds Thread 1/2022
acx
# Highlights From The Comments On Health Care Systems I’m experimenting with making this more structured this time, so: **Section I:** Collection of comments on US health care **Section II:** Drug pricing, and does the US subsidize the rest of the world? **Section III:** Why are health economics so unlike other e...
Scott Alexander
47644805
Highlights From The Comments On Health Care Systems
acx
# Against That Poverty And Infant EEGs Study A recent paper claims to have found an [Impact Of A Poverty Reduction Intervention On Infant Brain Activity](https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/119/5/e2115649119.full.pdf). It’s doing the rounds of the usual media sites, like *[Vox](https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/2289331...
Scott Alexander
47719504
Against That Poverty And Infant EEGs Study
acx
# Bounded Distrust **I.** Suppose you're a liberal who doesn't trust FOX News. One day you're at the airport, waiting for a plane, ambiently watching the TV at the gate. It's FOX News, and they're saying that a mass shooter just shot twenty people in Yankee Stadium. There’s live footage from the stadium with lots of ...
Scott Alexander
44695804
Bounded Distrust
acx
# Grading My 2021 Predictions At the beginning of every year, I make predictions. At the end of every year, I score them. Here are [2014](https://slatestarcodex.com/2015/01/01/2014-predictions-calibration-results/), [2015](https://slatestarcodex.com/2016/01/02/2015-predictions-calibration-results/), [2016](https://sla...
Scott Alexander
47548732
Grading My 2021 Predictions
acx
# Open Thread 208 This is the weekly visible open thread. Odd-numbered open threads will be no-politics, even-numbered threads will be politics-allowed. This one is even-numbered, so go wild - or post about whatever else you want. Also: **1:** Comment of the week is from Richard Ngo, who [helpfully corrects](https://...
Scott Alexander
47605424
Open Thread 208
acx
# Resubmit And Summarize Your Proposals For Grants ++ I promised you all that once I was done with the main round of [ACX Grants](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/acx-grants-results), I would run Grants ++, where I publish the proposals that didn't get funded here, so readers could look at them, see if they’re in...
Scott Alexander
47513188
Resubmit And Summarize Your Proposals For Grants ++
acx
# Book Review: Which Country Has The World's Best Health Care? **I.** If you’re like me, all you’ve heard about international health care systems is “America sucks and should feel bad, everyone else is probably fine or whatever”. Is there more we can learn? Our guide to this question will be *[Which Country Has The ...
Scott Alexander
47284248
Book Review: Which Country Has The World's Best Health Care?
acx
# Practically-A-Book Review: Yudkowsky Contra Ngo On Agents **I.** The story thus far: AI safety, which started as the hobbyhorse of a few weird transhumanists in the early 2000s, has grown into a medium-sized respectable field. OpenAI, the people responsible for GPT-3 and other marvels, have a safety team. So do Dee...
Scott Alexander
46108556
Practically-A-Book Review: Yudkowsky Contra Ngo On Agents
acx
# Open Thread 207 This is the weekly visible open thread. Odd-numbered open threads will be no-politics, even-numbered threads will be politics-allowed. This one is odd-numbered, so be careful. Otherwise, post about anything else you want. Also: **1:** The [AI] Alignment Research Center is running the [Eliciting Late...
Scott Alexander
47229133
Open Thread 207
acx
# There's A Time For Everyone Last week I got married. I met her two years ago, at one of (our mutual friend) Aella’s weird parties. Not this one, a different one. I was at this one too though. It was great. Our first date, we talked about Singapore’s child tax credits, which gave me advanced notice of where her mi...
Scott Alexander
44918153
There's A Time For Everyone
acx
# Open Thread 206 This is the weekly visible open thread. Odd-numbered open threads will be no-politics, even-numbered threads will be politics-allowed. This one is even-numbered, so go wild - or post about whatever else you want. Also: **1:** If you received an ACX Grant, you should either have already been approach...
Scott Alexander
46681947
Open Thread 206
acx
# Highlights From The Comments On "Don't Look Up" Lots of people thought I was being unfair to the movie. [G. Retriever](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/movie-review-dont-look-up/comment/4298369) writes: > I TOTALLY disagree with your reading of the movie. To me it was a description of a social dynamic that mak...
Scott Alexander
46674069
Highlights From The Comments On "Don't Look Up"
acx
# Movie Review: Don't Look Up **I.** *Don’t Look Up* is primarily a movie about existential risk, and [many great people](https://www.slowboring.com/p/dont-look-up) have already reviewed it as such. I’m going to be less virtuous and use it as a springboard to talk about politics. But first, the plot in a nutshell: M...
Scott Alexander
46274448
Movie Review: Don't Look Up
acx
# Lewis Carroll Invented Retroactive Public Goods Funding In 1894 Retroactive public goods funding is one of those ideas that’s so great people can’t stop reinventing it. I know of at least five independent inventions under five different names: [“social impact bonds”](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_impact_bond...
Scott Alexander
45744238
Lewis Carroll Invented Retroactive Public Goods Funding In 1894
acx
# Open Thread 205 This is the weekly visible open thread. Odd-numbered open threads will be no-politics, even-numbered threads will be politics-allowed. This one is odd-numbered, so be careful. Otherwise, post about anything else you want. Also: **1:** On the Grants Results thread, Michael A [writes](https://astralco...
Scott Alexander
46504027
Open Thread 205
acx
# Links For December *[Remember, I haven’t independently verified each link. On average, commenters will end up spotting evidence that around two or three of the links in each links post are wrong or misleading. I correct these as I see them, and will highlight important corrections later, but I can’t guarantee I will...
Scott Alexander
46351268
Links For December
acx
# ACX Grants Results Thanks to everyone who participated in ACX Grants, whether as an applicant, an evaluator, or a funder. Before I announce awardees, a caveat: this was hard in lots of ways I didn't expect. I got 656 applications addressing different problems and requiring different skills to judge. I'll write a lo...
Scott Alexander
45945785
ACX Grants Results
acx
# Mantic Monday: Dogs In Wizard Hats I found this YouTube explainer about prediction markets on the subreddit. It’s pretty good! My small nitpicks are that it overestimates their accuracy relative to traditional forecasters (it focuses on markets beating forecasters in 2008, but I don’t think this is consistent) and u...
Scott Alexander
46084477
Mantic Monday: Dogs In Wizard Hats
acx
# Open Thread 204 **1:** Sorry, I know I said I would have the Grants results up by Christmas, but I’m waiting for the last few funder checks to clear, plus I realized if I posted something on Christmas nobody would read it. Current prediction is sometime this week, probably Tuesday. **2:** Comments of the week: John...
Scott Alexander
46167512
Open Thread 204
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# Highlights From The Comments On Diseasonality The main highlight was an email I got from a reader who prefers to remain anonymous, linking me to [Projecting The Transmission Dynamics Of SARS-CoV2](https://sci-hub.st/10.1126/science.abb5793). This paper is head and shoulders above anything I found during my own liter...
Scott Alexander
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Highlights From The Comments On Diseasonality
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# Addendum To "No Evidence" Post The day after I wrote [The Phrase “No Evidence” Is A Red Flag For Bad Science Communication](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/the-phrase-no-evidence-is-a-red-flag), FT published [this article](https://www.ft.com/content/020534b3-5a54-4517-9fd1-167a5db50786): Like many uses of “no...
Scott Alexander
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Addendum To "No Evidence" Post
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# Addendum To Luvox Post In my post yesterday, I [quoted a Vox](https://www.vox.com/future-perfect/22841852/covid-drugs-antibodies-fluvoxamine-molnupiravir-paxlovid) article describing work by Dr. Ed Mills and others to get the FDA to approve Luvox for COVID. As of that point, the FDA didn’t know how to process an app...
Scott Alexander
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Addendum To Luvox Post
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# The FDA Has Punted Decisions About Luvox Prescription To The Deepest Recesses Of The Human Soul **I.** Here’s my pitch for fluvoxamine (Luvox) for COVID. In the midst of all the hype about ivermectin and hydroxychloroquine, scientists put together the giant 4,000-person TOGETHER trial, intended to test all these e...
Scott Alexander
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The FDA Has Punted Decisions About Luvox Prescription To The Deepest Recesses Of The Human Soul
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# Mantic Monday: Let Me Google That For You ### Let Me Google That For You New from Google this month: [Creating A Prediction Market On Google Cloud](https://cloud.google.com/blog/topics/solutions-how-tos/design-patterns-in-googles-prediction-market-on-google-cloud). Google announces that they’ve been running an inte...
Scott Alexander
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Mantic Monday: Let Me Google That For You
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# Open Thread 203 **1.** Public service announcement: In case you haven’t been paying attention or believing what you read, the most likely scenario is that Omicron is shaping up to be pretty bad (maybe less severe per case, but a *lot* more cases). Expect it to hit very suddenly and peak sometime in January. Zvi has ...
Scott Alexander
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Open Thread 203
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# The Phrase "No Evidence" Is A Red Flag For Bad Science Communication **Related to:** [Doctor, There Are Two Types Of No Evidence](https://www.overcomingbias.com/2008/08/doctor-there-ar.html); [A Failure, But Not Of Prediction](https://slatestarcodex.com/2020/04/14/a-failure-but-not-of-prediction/). **I.** Click to...
Scott Alexander
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The Phrase "No Evidence" Is A Red Flag For Bad Science Communication
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# Ancient Plagues During our recent discussion of climate change, someone linked me to [this New York Magazine piece](https://nymag.com/intelligencer/2017/07/climate-change-earth-too-hot-for-humans-annotated.html) making the case for doomism. I disagree with it pretty intensely, but most of my complaints are already ...
Scott Alexander
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Ancient Plagues
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# Open Thread 202 This is the weekly visible open thread. Odd-numbered open threads will be no-politics, even-numbered threads will be politics-allowed. This one is even-numbered, so go wild - or post about whatever else you want. Also: **1:** Corrections from [Monday’s Model Cities post](https://astralcodexten.subst...
Scott Alexander
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Open Thread 202
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# Does Georgism Work, Part 3: Can Unimproved Land Value be Accurately Assessed Separately From Buildings? *[Lars Doucet won this year’s [Book Review Contest](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/book-review-contest-winners) with his review of Henry George’s [Progress and Poverty](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p...
Scott Alexander
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Does Georgism Work, Part 3: Can Unimproved Land Value be Accurately Assessed Separately From Buildings?
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# Does Georgism Work? Part 2: Can Landlords Pass Land Value Tax on to Tenants? *[Lars Doucet won this year’s [Book Review Contest](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/book-review-contest-winners) with his review of Henry George’s [Progress and Poverty](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/your-book-review-progress-...
Scott Alexander
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Does Georgism Work? Part 2: Can Landlords Pass Land Value Tax on to Tenants?
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# Does Georgism Work? Part 1: Is Land Really A Big Deal? *[Lars Doucet won this year’s [Book Review Contest](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/book-review-contest-winners) with his review of Henry George’s [Progress and Poverty](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/your-book-review-progress-and-poverty). Since th...
Scott Alexander
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Does Georgism Work? Part 1: Is Land Really A Big Deal?
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# Diseasonality [*epistemic status: conjecture and speculation in something that isn’t really my field*] **I.** It’s still [not totally clear](https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17222079/) why some diseases are seasonal. Seasonal diseases usually peak in late winter - so around January/February in the Northern Hemisph...
Scott Alexander
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Diseasonality
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# Model City Monday 12/6/21 ### Tegucigalpa, Honduras The socialist opposition has won Honduras’ election and pledges to fight against charter cities there. "Immediately upon assuming the presidency, we are going to send the National Congress an initiative for the repeal of the ZEDE law," incoming president Xiomara C...
Scott Alexander
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Model City Monday 12/6/21
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# Open Thread 201 This is the weekly visible open thread. Odd-numbered open threads will be no-politics, even-numbered threads will be politics-allowed. This one is odd-numbered, so be careful. Otherwise, post about anything else you want. Also: **1:** A few months ago, [I wrote about](https://astralcodexten.substack...
Scott Alexander
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Open Thread 201
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# Book Review: Lifespan *[epistemic status: non-expert review of a book on a highly technical subject, sorry. If you are involved in biochemistry or anti-aging, feel free to correct my mistakes]* David Sinclair - Harvard professor, celebrity biologist, and author of *[Lifespan](https://www.amazon.com/Lifespan-Revolut...
Scott Alexander
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Book Review: Lifespan
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# MM: Omicron Variant Noah Smith has a good summary of the Omicron evidence [here](https://noahpinion.substack.com/p/the-omicron-situation), including a lot of quotes from experts. But experts say a lot of stuff like “well, it could be bad, but we can’t be sure”, plus sometimes they disagree. This sounds like a job fo...
Scott Alexander
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MM: Omicron Variant
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# Open Thread 200 This is the weekly visible open thread. In fact, it’s the two hundredth open thread! For historical reference, you can find Open Thread 1 [here](https://slatestarcodex.com/2014/06/04/open-thread/). Post about whatever you want. Also: **1:** Thanks to the 600 (!) of you who sent in ACX grants applica...
Scott Alexander
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Open Thread 200
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# Links For November *[Remember, I haven’t independently verified each link. On average, commenters will end up spotting evidence that around two or three of the links in each links post are wrong or misleading. I correct these as I see them, and will highlight important corrections later, but I can’t guarantee I will...
Scott Alexander
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Links For November
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# Pascalian Medicine **I.** When I reviewed Vitamin D, I said I was about 75% sure it didn’t work against COVID. When I reviewed ivermectin, I said I was about 90% sure. Another way of looking at this is that I must think there’s a 25% chance Vitamin D works, and a 10% chance ivermectin does. Both substances are gen...
Scott Alexander
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Pascalian Medicine
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# Highlights From The Comments On Ivermectin Thanks to everyone who commented on my recent post **[Ivermectin: Much More Than You Wanted To Know](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/ivermectin-much-more-than-you-wanted)**. Let’s start with the negative comments. Leading pro-ivermectin website ivmmeta.com understand...
Scott Alexander
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Highlights From The Comments On Ivermectin
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# Highlights From The Comments On The FDA And Paxlovid Andrew [writes](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/when-will-the-fda-approve-paxlovid/comment/3731086): > One word I don't see mentioned anywhere is "manufacturing." It's one thing to make enough drug for a clinical trial, it's another to make millions of comm...
Scott Alexander
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Highlights From The Comments On The FDA And Paxlovid
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# When Will The FDA Approve Paxlovid? **I.** You thought it wasn’t going to be a prediction market post, but surprise, it’s a prediction market post! [Metaculus predicts](https://www.metaculus.com/questions/8518/paxlovid-to-be-given-eua-by-fda/) January 1 as the median date for the FDA approving Paxlovid. They estim...
Scott Alexander
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When Will The FDA Approve Paxlovid?
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# Open Thread 199 This is the weekly visible open thread. Odd-numbered open threads will be no-politics, even-numbered threads will be politics-allowed. This one is odd-numbered, so be careful. Otherwise, post about anything else you want. Also: **1:** Last month I wrote a post, [Jhanas And The Dark Room Problem](htt...
Scott Alexander
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Open Thread 199
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# Highlights From The Comments On Great Families Thanks to everyone who commented on last week’s post **[Secrets Of The Great Families](https://astralcodexten.substack.com/p/secrets-of-the-great-families)**. Some highlights: --- Many people knew of interesting families I’d missed. Stephen Frug [brings up](https://as...
Scott Alexander
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Highlights From The Comments On Great Families
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# Ivermectin: Much More Than You Wanted To Know I know I’m two months late here. Everyone’s already made up their mind and moved on to other things. But here’s my pitch: this is one of the most carefully-pored-over scientific issues of our time. Dozens of teams published studies saying ivermectin definitely worked. T...
Scott Alexander
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Ivermectin: Much More Than You Wanted To Know
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# Mantic Monday 11/15 ### Reciprocal Scoring, Part II I talked about this last week as a potential solution to the problem of long-term forecasting. Instead of waiting a century to see what happens, get a bunch of teams, and incentivize each to predict what the *others* will guess. If they all expect the others to st...
Scott Alexander
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Mantic Monday 11/15
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