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https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/EaLCAZ4bgycY6hFC8/value-fragility-and-ai-takeover
EaLCAZ4bgycY6hFC8
Value fragility and AI takeover
joekc
1. Introduction “Value fragility,” as I’ll construe it, is the claim that slightly-different value systems tend to lead in importantly-different directions when subject to extreme optimization. I think the idea of value fragility haunts the AI risk discourse in various ways – and in particular, that it informs a backdr...
2024-08-05
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/XFLoLzdyeuWDyRZ9q/excursions-into-sparse-autoencoders-what-is-monosemanticity
XFLoLzdyeuWDyRZ9q
Excursions into Sparse Autoencoders: What is monosemanticity?
jakub-smekal
The following work was done between January and March 2024 as part of my PhD rotation with Prof Surya Ganguli and Prof Noah Goodman. One aspect of sparse autoencoders that has put them at the center of attention in mechanistic interpretability is the notion of monosemanticity. In this post, we will explore the concept ...
2024-08-05
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/Gn4gqpseg6GinauWD/madrid-acx-meetups-everywhere-fall-2024
Gn4gqpseg6GinauWD
Madrid - ACX Meetups Everywhere Fall 2024
pvs
This year's Fall ACX Meetup in Madrid. Location: El Retiro Park, puppet theatre (https://www.esmadrid.com/en/tourist-information/teatro-de-titeres-de-el-retiro) – https://plus.codes/8CGRC897+F8M Contact: pvillalobos@proton.me
2024-08-05
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/qeJomTN2yp5tQG4rL/four-phases-of-agi
qeJomTN2yp5tQG4rL
Four Phases of AGI
gabe-mukobi
AGI is not discrete, and different phases lead to different opportunities, risks, and strategies “How long until AGI? I’d say -1 years from now.” “Considering the worst-case outcomes of AGI, I’m most concerned about the effect on jobs.” “AGI will be like corporations, so we will control it like corporations.” “AGI will...
2024-08-05
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/33s54FoKG5g2tbX3f/ai-safety-at-the-frontier-paper-highlights-july-24
33s54FoKG5g2tbX3f
AI Safety at the Frontier: Paper Highlights, July '24
gasteigerjo
I'm starting a new blog where I post my (subjective) highlights of AI safety paper each month, called "AI Safety at the Frontier". I've been doing this non-publicly for the last year, so I've backfilled highlights and collections up to September 2023. My selection primarily covers ML-oriented research. It's only concer...
2024-08-05
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/aRciQsjgErCf5Y7D9/principles-for-the-agi-race
aRciQsjgErCf5Y7D9
Principles for the AGI Race
William_S
Crossposted from https://williamrsaunders.substack.com/p/principles-for-the-agi-race Why form principles for the AGI Race? I worked at OpenAI for 3 years, on the Alignment and Superalignment teams. Our goal was to prepare for the possibility that OpenAI succeeded in its stated mission of building AGI (Artificial Genera...
2024-08-30
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/AbqHK5XsbHNKrggAE/llms-stifle-creativity-eliminate-opportunities-for
AbqHK5XsbHNKrggAE
LLMs stifle creativity, eliminate opportunities for serendipitous discovery and disrupt intergenerational transfer of wisdom
gal-hadad
In this post, I’ve made no attempt to give an exhaustive presentation of the countless unintended consequences of widespread LLM use; rather, I’ve concentrated on three potential effects that are at the borderline of research, infrequently discussed, and appear to resist a foreseeable solution. This post argues that wh...
2024-08-05
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/3c6cEGmRLpmjypXJE/watermarks-signing-branding-and-boobytrapping
3c6cEGmRLpmjypXJE
Watermarks: Signing, Branding, and Boobytrapping
shankar-sivarajan
This post is motivated by a popular conflation in the context of AI generation (such as the recent WSJ article about detecting "cheating") but this is applicable more generally. There are many ways of marking ownership/provenance of a particular work, text, images, or anything else, and they serve different purposes. I...
2024-08-04
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/4qbECjAddQuPY9v3Q/we-re-not-as-3-dimensional-as-we-think
4qbECjAddQuPY9v3Q
We’re not as 3-Dimensional as We Think
silentbob
While thinking about high-dimensional spaces and their less intuitive properties, I came to the realization that even three spatial dimensions possess the potential to overwhelm our basic human intuitions. This post is an exploration of the gap between actual 3D space, and our human capabilities to fathom it. I come to...
2024-08-04
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/PJu2HhKsyTEJMxS9a/you-don-t-know-how-bad-most-things-are-nor-precisely-how
PJu2HhKsyTEJMxS9a
You don't know how bad most things are nor precisely how they're bad.
Solenoid_Entity
TL;DR: Your discernment in a subject often improves as you dedicate time and attention to that subject. The space of possible subjects is huge, so on average your discernment is terrible, relative to what it could be. This is a serious problem if you create a machine that does everyone's job for them. See also: Reality...
2024-08-04
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/naKYfs9sedYD6RBku/what-should-we-do-about-covid-in-2024
naKYfs9sedYD6RBku
What should we do about COVID in 2024?
ChristianKl
Most of the discussion around COVID has stopped and nobody really wants to think about it. In the last months I heard of a few friends being infected by COVID and suffering from it. What's the current state? How should we think about the risk of being infected and what should we do about it?
2024-08-04
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/9htmQx5wiePqTtZuL/deceptive-alignment-and-homuncularity
9htmQx5wiePqTtZuL
Deceptive Alignment and Homuncularity
Oliver Sourbut
NB this dialogue occurred at the very end of 2023, and for various reasons is only being published ~a year later! Keep this in mind while reading. Key topics covered consistent NN-internal deceptive planning (search: goblin, fae, homunc, inner)making AI/agents from foundation models (search: scaffold, condition)plannin...
2025-01-16
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/wiihgXc94YoLwLskG/ai-alignment-through-comparative-advantage
wiihgXc94YoLwLskG
AI Alignment through Comparative Advantage
artemiocobb
Much of this post comes from the ideas presented in this paper. I assume the central claim of the paper; that AGI systems should posses the right to make contracts, hold property, and bring tort claims. In this post I aim to flesh out some ideas from the paper that specifically pertain to AI alignment rather than AGI g...
2024-08-04
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/ASLHfy92vCwduvBRZ/near-mode-thinking-on-ai
ASLHfy92vCwduvBRZ
Near-mode thinking on AI
jarviniemi
There is a stark difference between rehearsing classical AI risk 101 arguments about instrumental convergence, and tackling problems like "Design and implement the exact evaluations we'll run on GPT-5 to determine whether it's capable enough that we should worry about it acting aligned until it can execute a takeover"....
2024-08-04
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/bgy6b8XmJhcmgkKtt/labelling-variables-and-in-context-learning-in-llama2
bgy6b8XmJhcmgkKtt
Labelling, Variables, and In-Context Learning in Llama2
joshua-penman
Hi LessWrong! This is my first LessWrong post sharing my first piece of mechanistic interpretability work. I studied in-context learning in Llama2. The idea was to look at when we associate two concepts in the LLM's context — an object (e.g. "red square"), and a label (e.g. "Bob"), how is that information transmitted t...
2024-08-03
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/KHGEq4dfHhuYCErgr/dan-hendrycks-and-ea
KHGEq4dfHhuYCErgr
Dan Hendrycks and EA
jeffreycaruso
According to public reports, Dan Hendrycks has been influenced by EA since he was a freshman (https://www.bostonglobe.com/2023/07/06/opinion/ai-safety-human-extinction-dan-hendrycks-cais/). He did the 80,000 hours program. He worries about AI bringing about the end of humanity, if not the planet. After getting his Ph.D...
2024-08-03
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/mzSqjP834kqJjMtcK/why-do-minimal-bayes-nets-often-correspond-to-causal-models
mzSqjP834kqJjMtcK
Why do Minimal Bayes Nets often correspond to Causal Models of Reality?
Darcy
Chapter 2 of Pearl's Causality book claims you can recover causal models given only the observational data, under very natural assumptions of minimality and stability[1]. In graphical models lingo, Pearl identifies a causal model of the observational distribution with the distribution's perfect map (if they exist). But...
2024-08-03
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/gxzfaLHkDy3hry6oz/sre-s-review-of-democracy
gxzfaLHkDy3hry6oz
SRE's review of Democracy
sustrik
Day One We've been handed this old legacy system called "Democracy". It's an emergency. The old maintainers are saying it has been misbehaving lately but they have no idea how to fix it. We've had a meeting with them to find out as much as possible about the system, but it turns out that all the original team members l...
2024-08-03
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/PNKvko8XNLve8Ees5/thoughts-on-democracy
PNKvko8XNLve8Ees5
Thoughts On Democracy
Zero Contradictions
How to govern society is one of the oldest philosophical problems, and while there aren’t any perfect solutions that can completely eliminate corruption, there are some pragmatic principles and heuristics that we can follow to generate a better society. It is peculiar how the legislative and jury processes are so radic...
2024-08-04
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/Lw5y6JyPaAegobz4p/we-don-t-just-let-people-die-so-what-next
Lw5y6JyPaAegobz4p
We Don't Just Let People Die—So What Next?
james-brown
The following is a speculative (workshopping) piece about what the implications are for a society that has concluded that we don’t just let people die unnecessarily from starvation due to poverty (a society like our own). I am not an economist or policy expert, so my conclusions are dependent on my understanding of the...
2024-08-03
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/CCeKb9pQeYbzL3Zht/the-ea-case-for-trump
CCeKb9pQeYbzL3Zht
The EA case for Trump
judd
There’s a decent chance Trump is our next president. In that case, it would be great for him to be AI-alignment-pilled. The good news is that, according to Samuel Hammond, he is: "Unfortunately, the EA vs e/acc debate on Twitter has created the perception that AI safety is left-right polarized. The polls tell a differe...
2024-08-03
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/J2hN4GL5E4A6p5kLz/modelling-social-exchange-a-systematised-method-to-judge
J2hN4GL5E4A6p5kLz
Modelling Social Exchange: A Systematised Method to Judge Friendship Quality
Wynn Walker
Introduction Evolution has designed humans to be empathetic to help others, and grateful to give back in a mutually beneficial transaction. Unfortunately, not all series of exchanges are fair long-term. Whether these relationships are worth it is ordinarily up to intuition, but there are more accurate ways of reaching ...
2024-08-04
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/EWhA4pyfrbdSkCd4G/evaluating-sparse-autoencoders-with-board-game-models
EWhA4pyfrbdSkCd4G
Evaluating Sparse Autoencoders with Board Game Models
karvonenadam
This blog post discusses a collaborative research paper on sparse autoencoders (SAEs), specifically focusing on SAE evaluations and a new training method we call p-annealing. As the first author, I primarily contributed to the evaluation portion of our work. The views expressed here are my own and do not necessarily re...
2024-08-02
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/XST4xgaucp595D23x/request-for-ai-risk-quotes-especially-around-speed-large
XST4xgaucp595D23x
Request for AI risk quotes, especially around speed, large impacts and black boxes
Nathan Young
@KatjaGrace, Josh Hart I are finding quotes around different arguments for AI being an existential risk Full list here: https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/1yB1QIHtA-EMPzqJ_57RvvftvXHTI5ZLAy921Y_8sn3U/edit Currently we are struggling to find proponents of the following arguments: "Loss of control via speed" - that t...
2024-08-02
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/DXxEp3QWzeiyPMM3y/a-simple-toy-coherence-theorem
DXxEp3QWzeiyPMM3y
A Simple Toy Coherence Theorem
johnswentworth
This post presents a simple toy coherence theorem, and then uses it to address various common confusions about coherence arguments. Setting Deterministic MDP. That means at each time t there's a state S[t][1], the agent/policy takes an action A[t] (which can depend on both time t and current state S[t]), and then the n...
2024-08-02
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/hxhBT89wDBpWcuCW6/forecasting-one-shot-games
hxhBT89wDBpWcuCW6
Forecasting One-Shot Games
Raemon
Cliff notes: You can practice forecasting on videogames you've never played before, to develop the muscles for "decision-relevant forecasting."Turn based videogames work best. I recommend "Luck Be a Landlord", "Battle for Polytopia", or "Into the Breach."Each turn, make as many Fatebook predictions as you can in 5 minu...
2024-08-31
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/e9zvHtTfmdm3RgPk2/all-the-following-are-distinct
e9zvHtTfmdm3RgPk2
All the Following are Distinct
gianluca-calcagni
In an artificial being, all the following: ConsciousnessEmotionalityIntelligencePersonalityCreativityVolition are distinct properties that, in theory, may be activated independently. Let me explain. What I Hope to Achieve By publishing this post, I hope to develop and standardise some useful terms and concepts often fo...
2024-08-02
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/tojtPCCRpKLSHBdpn/the-strong-feature-hypothesis-could-be-wrong
tojtPCCRpKLSHBdpn
The ‘strong’ feature hypothesis could be wrong
lsgos
NB. I am on the Google Deepmind language model interpretability team. But the arguments/views in this post are my own, and shouldn't be read as a team position. “It would be very convenient if the individual neurons of artificial neural networks corresponded to cleanly interpretable features of the input. For example, ...
2024-08-02
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/afiyFjiNyubqvuFHM/the-bitter-lesson-for-ai-safety-research
afiyFjiNyubqvuFHM
The Bitter Lesson for AI Safety Research
adamk
Read the associated paper "Safetywashing: Do AI Safety Benchmarks Actually Measure Safety Progress?": https://arxiv.org/abs/2407.21792 Focus on safety problems that aren’t solved with scale. Benchmarks are crucial in ML to operationalize the properties we want models to have (knowledge, reasoning, ethics, calibration, ...
2024-08-02
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/yzdcjXzNwkKRCkrHn/ethical-deception-should-ai-ever-lie
yzdcjXzNwkKRCkrHn
Ethical Deception: Should AI Ever Lie?
jason-reid
Personal Artificial Intelligence Assistants (PAIAs) are coming to your smartphone. Will they always tell the truth? Given the future scenario where humans increasingly seek subjective feedback from AIs, we can expect that their influence will accelerate. Will the widespread use of PAIAs influence social norms and expec...
2024-08-02
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/twQqJxu6cWvwp4dwf/lessons-from-the-fda-for-ai
twQqJxu6cWvwp4dwf
Lessons from the FDA for AI
remmelt-ellen
null
2024-08-02
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/mbebDMCgfGg4BzLMf/ai-rights-for-human-safety
mbebDMCgfGg4BzLMf
AI Rights for Human Safety
simon-goldstein
Just wanted to share a new paper on AI rights, co-authored with Peter Salib, that members of this community might be interested in. Here's the abstract: AI companies are racing to create artificial general intelligence, or “AGI.” If they succeed, the result will be human-level AI systems that can independently pursue h...
2024-08-01
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/iYFuZo9BMvr6GgMs5/case-study-interpreting-manipulating-and-controlling-clip
iYFuZo9BMvr6GgMs5
Case Study: Interpreting, Manipulating, and Controlling CLIP With Sparse Autoencoders
gytis-daujotas
Click here to open a live research preview where you can try interventions using this SAE. This is a follow-up to a previous post on finding interpretable and steerable features in CLIP. Motivation Modern image diffusion models often use CLIP in order to condition generation. Put simply, users use CLIP to embed prompts...
2024-08-01
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/6iJrd8c9jxRstxJyE/fear-of-centralized-power-vs-fear-of-misaligned-agi-vitalik
6iJrd8c9jxRstxJyE
Fear of centralized power vs. fear of misaligned AGI: Vitalik Buterin on 80,000 Hours
Seth Herd
Vitalik Buterin wrote an impactful blog post, My techno-optimism. I found this discussion of one aspect on 80,00 hours much more interesting. The remainder of that interview is nicely covered in the host's EA Forum post. My techno optimism apparently appealed to both sides, e/acc and doomers.  Buterin's approach to bri...
2024-08-05
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/gtLkvS6tDLstBd8uY/the-need-for-multi-agent-experiments-1
gtLkvS6tDLstBd8uY
The need for multi-agent experiments
martinsq
TL;DR: Let’s start iterating on experiments that approximate real, society-scale multi-AI deployment Epistemic status: These ideas seem like my most prominent delta with the average AI Safety researcher, have stood the test of time, and are shared by others I intellectually respect. Please attack them fiercely! Multi-p...
2024-08-01
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/vp9KArish8X5xxvFc/dragon-agnosticism
vp9KArish8X5xxvFc
Dragon Agnosticism
jkaufman
I'm agnostic on the existence of dragons. I don't usually talk about this, because people might misinterpret me as actually being a covert dragon-believer, but I wanted to give some background for why I disagree with calls for people to publicly assert the non-existence of dragons. Before I do that, though, it's clear...
2024-08-01
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/LW9Qz6B3rEzdGBuzk/morristown-acx-meetup
LW9Qz6B3rEzdGBuzk
Morristown ACX Meetup
mbrooks
UPDATE: Meetup time moved to Noon A couple of months ago I created a meetup group for ACX-adjacent people in Morristown (https://www.meetup.com/morristown-nj-friendly-ambitious-nerds/) About ~7 people have been meeting up weekly and it's been going great. I'm excited to expand the group by hosting an ACX meetup in Morr...
2024-08-01
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/bcS4KWDu6M8tfsxTC/some-comments-on-intelligence
bcS4KWDu6M8tfsxTC
Some comments on intelligence
Viliam
After reading another article on IQ, there are a few things that I wish would become common knowledge to increase the quality of the debate. Posting them here: 1) There is a difference between an abstract definition of intelligence such that it could also apply to aliens or AIs (something like "an agent able to optimiz...
2024-08-01
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/hfPxFLE4anLjiboKT/thought-experiment-given-a-button-to-terminate-all-humanity
hfPxFLE4anLjiboKT
[Thought Experiment] Given a button to terminate all humanity, would you press it?
lorenzo-rex
The rules: Pressing the button will instantly terminate every single human being (including you).Pressing the button is completely anonymous. Nobody will know you did it, now or in the far future.The button cannot malfunction.The button does not have any secondary effects.The button is available for everyone to be pres...
2024-08-01
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/2p5suvWod4aP8S3S4/ai-75-math-is-easier
2p5suvWod4aP8S3S4
AI #75: Math is Easier
Zvi
Google DeepMind got a silver metal at the IMO, only one point short of the gold. That’s really exciting. We continuously have people saying ‘AI progress is stalling, it’s all a bubble’ and things like that, and I always find remarkable how little curiosity or patience such people are willing to exhibit. Meanwhile GPT-4...
2024-08-01
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/aDrkBBiiTvbL5DAav/are-unpaid-un-internships-a-good-idea
aDrkBBiiTvbL5DAav
Are unpaid UN internships a good idea?
Cipolla
Disclaimer: I am outside of the world of international organisations. I am a scientific researcher at university. I am writing this post to open a discussion. Introduction UN is an international organisation with the following main goals: maintain international peace and securitydevelop friendly relations among nations...
2024-08-01
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/5b2iGFiGKmwW7TQG2/temporary-cognitive-hyperparameter-alteration
5b2iGFiGKmwW7TQG2
Temporary Cognitive Hyperparameter Alteration
JonathanMoregard
Social anxiety is one hell of a thing. I used to struggle with it a lot — escaping pressure by fleeing to the toilet. I’ve reduced my levels of social anxiety by bashing it over the head with exposure therapy, repeatedly dealing with anxiety-provoking situations until they became manageable. Nowadays, my levels of soci...
2024-08-01
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/QX4ScmPFbmyosWhw3/why-did-chatgpt-say-that-prompt-engineering-and-more-with
QX4ScmPFbmyosWhw3
Why did ChatGPT say that? Prompt engineering and more, with PIZZA.
jessica-cooper
All examples in this post can be found in this notebook, which is also probably the easiest way to start experimenting with PIZZA. From the research & engineering team at Leap Laboratories (incl. @Arush, @sebastian-sosa, @Robbie McCorkell), where we use AI interpretability to accelerate scientific discovery from data. ...
2024-08-03
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/LhJ9u5Gy6bAMh7WwA/do-prediction-markets-work
LhJ9u5Gy6bAMh7WwA
Do Prediction Markets Work?
Benjamin_Sturisky
TLDR: Prediction markets rely on efficiency, but efficiency is not guaranteed. Prediction market structures can work. However, they rely on so many different components being in place that they do not consistently create accurate probability. The systems rely on complete market efficiency, which is not realistic. In my...
2024-08-01
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/7anPWhdNzJBcTF9sE/2-3-aussie-and-nz-ai-safety-folk-often-or-sometimes-feel
7anPWhdNzJBcTF9sE
2/3 Aussie & NZ AI Safety folk often or sometimes feel lonely or disconnected (and 16 other barriers to impact)
yanni
I did what I think is the largest piece of research on current and aspiring AI safety folk in Australia & New Zealand. I wanted to understand their career barriers so that I could then optimize my organization's tactics to remove them. Caveats I am not a trained social scientist nor a statistician. There will be errors...
2024-08-01
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/arDT8D27WCGHBqLKi/can-ubi-overcome-inflation-and-rent-seeking
arDT8D27WCGHBqLKi
Can UBI overcome inflation and rent seeking?
gworley
For both AI and non-AI related reasons, many people are interested in Universal Basic Income (UBI). My suspicion is that UBI that is actually universal across an economy won't work due to a combination of inflation and rent seeking. This feels like basic economics: you increase the supply of money to buy things with UB...
2024-08-01
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/fPh2zamuPpBAq2rgD/recommendation-reports-on-the-search-for-missing-hiker-bill
fPh2zamuPpBAq2rgD
Recommendation: reports on the search for missing hiker Bill Ewasko
eukaryote
Content warning: About an IRL death. Today’s post isn’t so much an essay as a recommendation for two bodies of work on the same topic: Tom Mahood’s blog posts and Adam “KarmaFrog1” Marsland’s videos on the 2010 disappearance of Bill Ewasko, who went for a day hike in Joshua Tree National Park and dropped out of contact...
2024-07-31
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/8ev6coxChSWcxCDy8/self-explaining-sae-features
8ev6coxChSWcxCDy8
Self-explaining SAE features
dmitrii-kharlapenko
TL;DR We apply the method of SelfIE/Patchscopes to explain SAE features – we give the model a prompt like “What does X mean?”, replace the residual stream on X with the decoder direction times some scale, and have it generate an explanation. We call this self-explanation.The natural alternative is auto-interp, using a ...
2024-08-05
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/NphR2o673nGaX8ZWF/economics101-predicted-the-failure-of-special-card-payments
NphR2o673nGaX8ZWF
Economics101 predicted the failure of special card payments for refugees, 3 months later whole of Germany wants to adopt it
yanling-guo
Three months ago, a county in Brandenburg, Germany introduced a special card payment for refugees to replace cash payment so that the refugees no longer need to fetch cash at the foreigner’s office every month. Besides, it’s thought that this special card, which can only be used locally, can prevent the refugees from p...
2024-07-31
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/GLBCvsN9Tgr2aZTyT/looking-for-goal-representations-in-an-rl-agent-update-post
GLBCvsN9Tgr2aZTyT
Looking for Goal Representations in an RL Agent - Update Post
CatGoddess
Summary I’ve been working on a project aimed at finding goal representations in a small RL agent. I designed a setup where I train an agent, rapidly alternating between two very similar objectives. I was able to consistently (across alternations and across different random seeds) get high average returns on both object...
2024-08-28
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/d4YjM6RWEoT3rBEHe/ambiguity-in-prediction-market-resolution-is-still-harmful
d4YjM6RWEoT3rBEHe
Ambiguity in Prediction Market Resolution is Still Harmful
aphyer
A brief followup to this post in light of recent events. Free and Fair Elections Polymarket has an open market 'Venezuela Presidential Election Winner'.  Its description is as follows: The 2024 Venezuela presidential election is scheduled to take place on July 28, 2024. This market will resolve to "Yes" if Nicolás Madu...
2024-07-31
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/gCYGqLLMYSDmDs2vg/ai-labs-can-boost-external-safety-research
gCYGqLLMYSDmDs2vg
AI labs can boost external safety research
Zach Stein-Perlman
Frontier AI labs can boost external safety researchers by Sharing better access to powerful models (early access, fine-tuning, helpful-only,[1] filters/moderation-off, logprobs, activations)[2]Releasing research artifacts besides modelsPublishing (transparent, reproducible) safety researchGiving API creditsMentoring He...
2024-07-31
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/zHLbnekuQnYotDhHz/please-stop-using-mediocre-ai-art-in-your-posts
zHLbnekuQnYotDhHz
Please stop using mediocre AI art in your posts
Raemon
Epistemic Status: Old Man Blogs at Cloud Lately there's been a wave of people on LessWrong (and maybe the whole internet) starting off their essays with some Dall-E3 art. I don't object (and think it can be cool if done nicely) to get some good ML art to add some visual interest to your posts. But, the default thing I'...
2024-08-25
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/xd7R7yGHRXxxnw5Jd/women-in-ai-safety-london-meetup
xd7R7yGHRXxxnw5Jd
Women in AI Safety London Meetup
njg
Join us for our first meetup in London on August 7th. We’re excited to welcome Rebecca Gorman, cofounder and CEO of Aligned AI, to speak about her work, followed by a social We’d love to see you there to kick off this community! When: Wednesday, August 7th 2024, 19:00-21:00 Where: London Initiative for Safe AI, 25 Holy...
2024-07-31
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/DDShSrB58AeJLbsbE/what-are-your-cruxes-for-imprecise-probabilities-decision
DDShSrB58AeJLbsbE
What are your cruxes for imprecise probabilities / decision rules?
antimonyanthony
An alternative to always having a precise distribution over outcomes is imprecise probabilities: You represent your beliefs with a set of distributions you find plausible. And if you have imprecise probabilities, expected value maximization isn't well-defined. One natural generalization of EV maximization to the imprec...
2024-07-31
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/FGCgfYM5qeXEwWSh8/want-to-work-on-us-emerging-tech-policy-consider-the-horizon
FGCgfYM5qeXEwWSh8
Want to work on US emerging tech policy? Consider the Horizon Fellowship.
Elika
Applications are now open for the 2025 Horizon Fellowship cohort What do you get? The fellowship program will fund and facilitate placements for 1-2 years in full-time US policy roles at executive branch offices, Congressional offices, and think tanks in Washington, DC.Horizon has placed fellows at the Department of De...
2024-07-31
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/HukpDhWnKAEzooNqR/the-new-uk-government-s-stance-on-ai-safety
HukpDhWnKAEzooNqR
The new UK government's stance on AI safety
elliot
tl;dr: The new UK government will likely continue to balance encouraging AI innovation for public good against increasing regulation for public safety, with so-far rhetorical calls for stricter regulation than the previous government’s. Several reports have been published by the government and the UK AI Safety Institut...
2024-07-31
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/qvNrmTqywWqYY8rsP/solutions-to-problems-with-bayesianism
qvNrmTqywWqYY8rsP
Solutions to problems with Bayesianism
Bob Jacobs
Crossposted from my blog In this fictional dialogue between a Bayesian (B) and a Non-Bayesian (N) I will propose solutions to some pre-existing problems with Bayesian epistemology, as well as introduce a new problem for which I offer a solution at the end. (Computer scientists may consider skipping to that section). He...
2024-07-31
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/jWGWSgQ6TFn4yms4f/constructing-neural-network-parameters-with-downstream
jWGWSgQ6TFn4yms4f
Constructing Neural Network Parameters with Downstream Trainability
ch271828n
I have recently done some preliminary experiments related to mechanistic interpretability. It seems researchers in this subfield often post their results in the AI Alignment Forum / LessWrong Forum (e.g. causal scrubbing, emergent world representation, monosemanticity, etc), and AI Alignment Forum Q&A suggests to post ...
2024-07-31
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/6hoMqRwKp7CLYMGAA/cat-sustenance-fortification
6hoMqRwKp7CLYMGAA
Cat Sustenance Fortification
jkaufman
We got cats a few months ago, which is overall very nice. Julia set them up with automatic dispensers for food and water which reduces how often we need to get things for them, and keeps them from begging. Except recently: One cat (Nyx) has figured out how to knock over the food dispenser and gorge. One child (Nora) ...
2024-07-31
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/xWDyJw4y9vE6HE25y/twitter-thread-on-open-source-ai
xWDyJw4y9vE6HE25y
Twitter thread on open-source AI
ricraz
Some thoughts on open-source AI (copied over from a recent twitter thread): 1. We should have a strong prior favoring open source. It’s been a huge success driving tech progress over many decades. We forget how counterintuitive it was originally, and shouldn’t take it for granted. 2. Open source has also been very valu...
2024-07-31
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/tPfqnropv3WfchhYB/twitter-thread-on-ai-takeover-scenarios
tPfqnropv3WfchhYB
Twitter thread on AI takeover scenarios
ricraz
This is a slightly-edited version of a twitter thread I posted a few months ago about "internal deployment" threat models. My former colleague Leopold argues compellingly that society is nowhere near ready for AGI. But what might the large-scale alignment failures he mentions actually look like? Here’s one scenario for...
2024-07-31
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/bDkqMtCpdSKsJQYc6/twitter-thread-on-ai-safety-evals
bDkqMtCpdSKsJQYc6
Twitter thread on AI safety evals
ricraz
Epistemic status: raising concerns, rather than stating confident conclusions. I’m worried that a lot of work on AI safety evals matches the pattern of “Something must be done. This is something. Therefore this must be done.” Or, to put it another way: I judge eval ideas on 4 criteria, and I often see proposals which f...
2024-07-31
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/2HnkHQcEjjkGyjDpc/twitter-thread-on-politics-of-ai-safety
2HnkHQcEjjkGyjDpc
Twitter thread on politics of AI safety
ricraz
Some thoughts about the politics of AI safety, copied over (with slight modifications) from my recent twitter thread: Risks that seem speculative today will become common sense as AI advances. The pros and cons of different safety strategies will also become much clearer over time. So our main job now is to empower fut...
2024-07-31
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/qRFSg4fMrDBFLaCH8/an-ml-paper-on-data-stealing-provides-a-construction-for
qRFSg4fMrDBFLaCH8
An ML paper on data stealing provides a construction for "gradient hacking"
capybaralet
The paper "Privacy Backdoors: Stealing Data with Corrupted Pretrained Models" introduces "data traps" as a way of making a neutral network remember a chosen training example, even given further training.  This involves storing the chosen example in the weights and then ensuring those weights are not updated. I have not...
2024-07-30
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/yB5CWaYkgLFPR2Xzf/francois-chollet-on-the-limitations-of-llms-in-reasoning
yB5CWaYkgLFPR2Xzf
François Chollet on the limitations of LLMs in reasoning
2PuNCheeZ
François Chollet, the creator of the Keras deep learning library, recently shared his thoughts on the limitations of LLMs in reasoning. I find his argument quite convincing and am interested to hear if anyone has a different take. The question of whether LLMs can reason is, in many ways, the wrong question. The more in...
2024-07-30
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/YyuZxAhix9647ieKB/against-ai-as-an-existential-risk
YyuZxAhix9647ieKB
Against AI As An Existential Risk
daniel-birnbaum
I wrote a post to my Substack attempting to compile all of the best arguments against AI as an existential threat. Some arguments that I discuss include: international game theory dynamics, reference class problems, knightian uncertainty, superforecaster and domain expert disagreement, the issue with long-winded argume...
2024-07-30
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/6EcHt2K27jfqPxeDE/limitations-on-the-interpretability-of-learned-features-from-2
6EcHt2K27jfqPxeDE
Limitations on the Interpretability of Learned Features from Sparse Dictionary Learning
tom-angsten
Overview When I began my attempt to replicate Anthropic's Towards Monosemanticity paper, I had high expectations for how interpretable the extracted features should be. If I judged a feature to be uninterpretable, I attributed this to either sub-optimal sparse autoencoder hyperparameters, a bug in my implementation, or...
2024-07-30
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/m6poxWegJkp8LPpjw/can-generalized-adversarial-testing-enable-more-rigorous-llm
m6poxWegJkp8LPpjw
Can Generalized Adversarial Testing Enable More Rigorous LLM Safety Evals?
scasper
Thanks to Zora Che, Michael Chen, Andi Peng, Lev McKinney, Bilal Chughtai, Shashwat Goel, Domenic Rosati, and Rohit Gandikota. TL;DR In contrast to evaluating AI systems under normal "input-space" attacks, using "generalized," attacks, which allow an attacker to manipulate weights or activations, might be able to help ...
2024-07-30
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/DSzQ3LDaggw9f8iaZ/is-objective-morality-self-defeating
DSzQ3LDaggw9f8iaZ
Is objective morality self-defeating?
bithov@icloud.com
A slave is ordered to kill by his master. As the slave is deprived of his autonomy, it seems intuitive that the master is morally responsible for this action, not the slave. This argument is derived (in spirit) from Immanuel Kant, who argued that only autonomous (driven by internal will) actions, derived from duty to t...
2024-07-30
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/FKSmHrJShyf6dTscj/broadly-human-level-cognitively-complete-agi
FKSmHrJShyf6dTscj
Broadly human level, cognitively complete AGI
p.b.
There is a growing? fraction of people who consider LLMs to be AGI. And it makes sense. Clearly, when the term AGI was established this was what was meant: A machine that can tackle a wide range of problems, communicate with natural language, very different from all the examples of narrow AI. It also prevents continuou...
2024-08-06
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/ADrTuuus6JsQr5CSi/investigating-the-ability-of-llms-to-recognize-their-own
ADrTuuus6JsQr5CSi
Investigating the Ability of LLMs to Recognize Their Own Writing
christopher-ackerman
This post is an interim progress report on work being conducted as part of Berkeley's Supervised Program for Alignment Research (SPAR). Summary of Key Points We test the robustness of an open-source LLM’s (Llama3-8b) ability to recognize its own outputs on a diverse mix of datasets, two different tasks (summarization a...
2024-07-30
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/JHAASAhCZgmwcaLvd/rtfb-california-s-ab-3211
JHAASAhCZgmwcaLvd
RTFB: California’s AB 3211
Zvi
Some in the tech industry decided now was the time to raise alarm about AB 3211. As Dean Ball points out, there’s a lot of bills out there. One must do triage. Dean Ball: But SB 1047 is far from the only AI bill worth discussing. It’s not even the only one of the dozens of AI bills in California worth discussing. Let’s...
2024-07-30
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/msZFyxBNamWSw8HWX/i-didn-t-think-i-d-take-the-time-to-build-this-calibration
msZFyxBNamWSw8HWX
I didn't think I'd take the time to build this calibration training game, but with websim it took roughly 30 seconds, so here it is!
MakoYass
Basically, the user is shown a splatter of colored circles, then the splatter is hidden, and then they're asked to remember what proportion of the splatter was a particular color. To get good at it, they'd have to get good at accurately perceiving and remembering features of entire distributions. Obvious high propensit...
2024-08-02
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/T3sxEXt6tEvozNJBa/if-you-can-climb-up-you-can-climb-down
T3sxEXt6tEvozNJBa
If You Can Climb Up, You Can Climb Down
jkaufman
A few weeks ago Julia wrote about how we approach kids climbing: The basics: Spot the child if they're doing something where a fall is likely. Don't encourage or help the child to climb something that's beyond their ability to do on their own. If they don't know how to get down, give advice rather than physically lifti...
2024-07-30
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/NoLmYvYyzqDftkjAa/ai-safety-newsletter-39-implications-of-a-trump
NoLmYvYyzqDftkjAa
AI Safety Newsletter #39: Implications of a Trump Administration for AI Policy Plus, Safety Engineering
corin-katzke
Welcome to the AI Safety Newsletter by the Center for AI Safety. We discuss developments in AI and AI safety. No technical background required. Listen to the AI Safety Newsletter for free on Spotify or Apple Podcasts. Implications of a Trump administration for AI policy Trump named Ohio Senator J.D. Vance—an AI regulat...
2024-07-29
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/m9ojvey9knXrarLzJ/new-blog-post-against-ai-doom
m9ojvey9knXrarLzJ
New Blog Post Against AI Doom
daniel-birnbaum
I'm curious as to what y'all think of the points made in this post against AI risk from 2 AI researchers at Princeton. If you have reason to think any points made are particularly good or bad, write it in the comments below!
2024-07-29
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/75x2uCbGppYqeyDBF/how-tokenization-influences-prompting
75x2uCbGppYqeyDBF
How tokenization influences prompting?
boris-kashirin
I was thinking about how prompt differs from training data in terms of tokenization. If i am to prompt with "solution:" as opposed to "solution: " it seems like it can influence the result, as in training data last token contain some information about next token. If there is token ": T" but my prompt ended in ": " it c...
2024-07-29
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/tGJ8uCfHifactKY4w/can-we-predict-persuasiveness-better-than-anthropic
tGJ8uCfHifactKY4w
Can We Predict Persuasiveness Better Than Anthropic?
l-f
There is an interesting paragraph in Anthropic's most recent study on persuasion, Measuring the Persuasiveness of Language Models, by Durmus et al. (April 2024): Automated evaluation for persuasiveness is challenging - We attempted to develop automated methods for models to evaluate persuasiveness in a similar manner t...
2024-08-04
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/zzmsN9fopM2eYGsWc/san-francisco-acx-meetup-first-saturday-6
zzmsN9fopM2eYGsWc
San Francisco ACX Meetup “First Saturday”
nate-sternberg
Date: Saturday, August 3rd, 2024 Time: 1 pm – 3 pm PT Address: Yerba Buena Gardens in San Francisco, just outside the Metreon food court, coordinates 37°47'04.4"N 122°24'11.1"W Contact: 34251super@gmail.com Come join San Francisco’s First Saturday (or SFFS – easy to remember, right?) ACX meetup. Whether you're an avid ...
2024-07-29
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/DAryb2gA8JEeumoku/relativity-theory-for-what-the-future-you-is-and-isn-t
DAryb2gA8JEeumoku
Relativity Theory for What the Future 'You' Is and Isn't
florian-habermacher
"Me" encompasses three constituents: this mind here and now, its memory, and its cared-for future. There follows no ‘ought’ with regards to caring about future clones or uploadees, and your lingering questions about them dissipate. In When is a mind me?, Rob Bensinger suggests three Yes follow for: If I expect to be up...
2024-07-29
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/GxmfqKjs6ruxNxhqr/prediction-markets-explained
GxmfqKjs6ruxNxhqr
Prediction Markets Explained
Benjamin_Sturisky
Prediction markets are contract-based markets that track the outcome of specific events. Traders buy shares in a market (priced 0 < x < 100), and depending on the event's outcome, those shares are either worth 0 or 100. A market is created to determine if the price of Ethereum is >= 3500 at the end of October.YES, shar...
2024-07-29
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/yoKvhRBYxgLGqYcQR/arch-anarchism-and-immortality
yoKvhRBYxgLGqYcQR
Arch-anarchism and immortality
Peter lawless
One of the great goals of transhumanism is to achieve immortality through science, and indeed some futurists like Raymond Kurzweil and Ian Person think we are close, citing advances like nanotechnology and mind scanning by artificial intelligence as being close to granting us this by the middle of this century. As an a...
2024-07-29
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/NpM92wGBeaECNf55J/making-beliefs-pay-rent
NpM92wGBeaECNf55J
Making Beliefs Pay Rent
Screwtape
"Making Beliefs Pay Rent (in Anticipated Experiences)" is one of the most used lessons from Yudkowsky's Sequences.* First, we're going to go over the essay itself. Second, we're going to suggest beliefs we hold. Third, we're going to be specific about what experiences those believes cause us to anticipate. Suggested re...
2024-07-28
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/x6M44aHsMCSwDCpZT/has-eliezer-publicly-and-satisfactorily-responded-to
x6M44aHsMCSwDCpZT
Has Eliezer publicly and satisfactorily responded to attempted rebuttals of the analogy to evolution?
kaler
I refer to these posts: https://optimists.ai/2023/11/28/ai-is-easy-to-control/ https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/hvz9qjWyv8cLX9JJR/evolution-provides-no-evidence-for-the-sharp-left-turn https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/CoZhXrhpQxpy9xw9y/where-i-agree-and-disagree-with-eliezer My (poor, maybe mis-) understanding is that th...
2024-07-28
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/uGwKdDr5xuxDDepas/an-information-theoretic-study-of-lying-in-llms
uGwKdDr5xuxDDepas
An information-theoretic study of lying in LLMs
annah
We recently published a workshop paper at ICML 2024 which we want to summarize here briefly. Code for the paper can be found on GitHub. This work was done as part of the PIBBSS affiliateship. Thx to @Jayjay for comments on the draft. TLDR: We analyze the probability distribution over token space in hidden LLM layers fo...
2024-08-02
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/2EaibX85piTvxKWqh/what-is-ai-safety-s-line-of-retreat
2EaibX85piTvxKWqh
What is AI Safety’s line of retreat?
remmelt-ellen
null
2024-07-28
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/vACr4DExfeRMaCoo7/axrp-episode-34-ai-evaluations-with-beth-barnes
vACr4DExfeRMaCoo7
AXRP Episode 34 - AI Evaluations with Beth Barnes
DanielFilan
YouTube link How can we figure out if AIs are capable enough to pose a threat to humans? When should we make a big effort to mitigate risks of catastrophic AI misbehaviour? In this episode, I chat with Beth Barnes, founder of and head of research at METR, about these questions and more. Topics we discuss: What is METR?...
2024-07-28
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/rQhvyBpy8Zi4DDZpi/rats-back-a-candidate
rQhvyBpy8Zi4DDZpi
Rats, Back a Candidate
blake-1
My rationalist group is hosting the event “Unite to Elect Kamala Harris” on August 11. This is a change from Rat business as usual. We are backing a US Presidential candidate, and I think you should too. This isn’t just about making your candidate the leader of the free world. Backing a candidate is an opportunity to c...
2024-07-28
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/MW6tivBkwSe9amdCw/ai-existential-risk-probabilities-are-too-unreliable-to
MW6tivBkwSe9amdCw
AI existential risk probabilities are too unreliable to inform policy
oleg-trott
Melanie Mitchell called the article "excellent". It also got a bit of discussion on HN. (This is an FYI. I don't necessarily approve or endorse the links I post.)
2024-07-28
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/Gi2zHEJ5FfKAbGhXH/wittgenstein-and-word2vec-capturing-relational-meaning-in
Gi2zHEJ5FfKAbGhXH
Wittgenstein and Word2vec: Capturing Relational Meaning in Language and Thought
cleanwhiteroom
One-line version of this post: What do Wittgensteinian language games and NLP word embeddings have in common? Four-line version of this post: Relational, praxis-based connections between concepts, represented as “distances” in multidimensional space, capture meaning. The shorter the distance, the more related the conce...
2024-07-28
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/4uqdvPQAD9376H2DP/idle-speculations-on-pipeline-parallelism
4uqdvPQAD9376H2DP
Idle Speculations on Pipeline Parallelism
DaemonicSigil
Epistimic status: Pure speculation; I have 1 GPU, not dozens, so I have no reason to try and implement this stuff myself. When training large models, we might have many GPUs we'd like to use to speed the process up. This requires a way to parallelize training somehow. Some options here are Data Parallelism and Pipeline...
2024-07-27
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/RDpJRwFQhP4PRRxTM/bryan-johnson-and-a-search-for-healthy-longevity
RDpJRwFQhP4PRRxTM
Bryan Johnson and a search for healthy longevity
NancyLebovitz
I've listened to some of his videos, and he strikes me as at least rationalist-adjacent. https://www.bryanjohnson.com/ I was wondering what people think of him and his ideas, and whether they'd tried out any of his system. I respect that he offers his research for free, and I don't see a problem with him charging for p...
2024-07-27
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/QqZELJwyBadT3Af2v/what-are-matching-markets
QqZELJwyBadT3Af2v
What are matching markets?
ohmurphy
{Epistemic Status: Just reviewing my thoughts on a book and its subject matter. I have done some independent study of the field (and have a degree in economics), but I did not try to check my impressions rigorously. Much or maybe most of what I say is extrapolation by me, rather than being in the book itself.} I have r...
2024-07-27
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/zz5KtvKCTw3rD8RMs/the-problem-with-psychology-is-that-it-has-no-theory
zz5KtvKCTw3rD8RMs
The problem with psychology is that it has no theory.
nicholas-d
i. The problem with psychology Psychology and economics are both attempts to study human behavior. While the precise focus may differ, we want to be able to make precise and accurate predictions about how humans respond to stimuli. We can use reasoning to make theoretical predictions about what will occur, and use empi...
2024-07-27
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/GeEXcWZvCpZsGRSoq/the-case-against-ubi
GeEXcWZvCpZsGRSoq
The Case Against UBI
Zero Contradictions
The PDF version can be read here. UBI stands for “Universal Basic Income”. In its simplest form, UBI is a direct payment to every citizen every month. It would (at least in theory) replace other government programs that alleviate poverty, such as means-tested welfare. It is growing in popularity as a political proposal...
2024-07-27
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/honDH7PRbsSgc6xWF/unlocking-solutions-by-understanding-coordination-problems
honDH7PRbsSgc6xWF
Unlocking Solutions—By Understanding Coordination Problems
james-brown
The following is a post introducing coordination problems, using the examples of poaching, civilisational development, drug addiction and affirmative action. It draws on my experience as a documentary filmmaker. The post is available for free in its original format at nonzerosum.games. When I was eleven, I disassembled...
2024-07-27
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/oa4AQ7K9vKHroc5Co/re-anthropic-s-suggested-sb-1047-amendments
oa4AQ7K9vKHroc5Co
Re: Anthropic's suggested SB-1047 amendments
T3t
Note: I received a link to the letter from elsewhere, but it's also cited in this SF Chronicle article, so I'm pretty confident it's real.  Thanks to @cfoster0 for the SF Chronicle link. If you're familiar with SB 1047, I recommend reading the letter in full; it's only 7 pages. I'll go through their list of suggested c...
2024-07-27
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/2F5QttK5EbdCiuZqx/utilitarianism-and-the-replaceability-of-desires-and
2F5QttK5EbdCiuZqx
Utilitarianism and the replaceability of desires and attachments
MichaelStJules
null
2024-07-27
https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/SAzrAyJw6LeQ4SAb6/inspired-by-failures-in-kindness
SAzrAyJw6LeQ4SAb6
Inspired by: Failures in Kindness
X4vier
silentbob's post "Failures in Kindness" is excellent. I love the idea that sometimes, when we exaimine a situation in depth, the most "kind" course of action can be highly conterintuitive. A few other examples I'd like to offer: Appreciative Kindness Imagine you meet a friend-of-a-friend for the first time while attend...
2024-07-27