id stringlengths 4 18 | dataset stringclasses 9
values | question stringlengths 222 13.9k | options sequencelengths 2 12 | answer stringclasses 8
values | explanation stringlengths 0 12.8k ⌀ |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
mmlu_aux_3185 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
ecological succession is the process of change in the species that make up an ecological community over time. the process of succession occurs either after the initial colonization of a newly created habitat, or after a disturbance substantially alters a pre - existing habitat. succession that begins in new habit... | [
"oak and hickory trees grow taller than pines",
"weeds and grasses prefer cold climate",
"pines and grasses can exist together",
"birds encourage the growth of shrubs"
] | A | null |
aquarat_38697 | aquarat | <ctx>
change convention ; move xia fa " 1 " two position right. estimate 3rd digit of shang to be 4. multiply new digit of shang 4 with xia fa 1, combined with fang fa to make 964. subtract successively 4 * 9 = 36, 4 * 6 = 24, 4 * 4 = 16 from the shi, leaving 311 double the last digit 4 of fang fa into 8 and merge with... | [
"A)12 years",
"B)19 years",
"C)26 years",
"D)24 years"
] | D | Explanation:
Let the present ages of Sameer and Anand be 5x years and 4x years respectively.
Then,5x +3/4X+3=11/9
9(5x + 3) = 11(4x + 3)
45x + 27 = 44x + 33
45x - 44x = 33 - 27
x = 6.
Anand's present age = 4x = 24 years.
Answer: D |
arc_easy_1596 | arc_easy | <ctx>
this article considers the history of zoology since the theory of evolution by natural selection proposed by charles darwin in 1859. charles darwin gave new direction to morphology and physiology, by uniting them in a common biological theory : the theory of organic evolution. the result was a reconstruction of t... | [
"the Philippine Islands",
"the Virgin Islands",
"the Hawaiian Islands",
"the Galapagos Islands"
] | D | |
medmcqa_6750 | medmcqa | <ctx>
- 5 ken wiley, laura findley, madison goldrich, tejinder k rakhra - burris, ana stevens, pamela williams, carol j bult, rex chisholm, patricia deverka, geoffrey s ginsburg, eric d green, gail jarvik, george a mensah, erin ramos, mary v relling, dan m roden, robb rowley, gil alterovitz, samuel aronson, lisa bastar... | [
"Broca's index",
"Ponderal index",
"Quetelet index",
"Corpulence index"
] | A | Body mass index(quetelet&;s index) Ponderal index Broca index Lorentz&;sformula Corpulence index. Among these BMI and Broca index are widely used. BMI is used an index for obesity. Ref- Park&;s textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine 24th edition. |
aquarat_2177 | aquarat | <ctx>
this sum by the number of data values, which is 10. the result is :
then 4, and so on, ending with - 5, using counting for loops?
now equal this new number ( which is the next prime ), and repeat from step 3. when the algorithm terminates, the numbers remaining not marked in the list are all the primes below. t... | [
"A)80",
"B)81",
"C)82",
"D)83"
] | C | 1+2=10..... (1+2)^2+1 =10
2+3=26....... (2+3)^2+1=26
3+4=50 then...(3+4)^2+1=50
4+5=82........ (4+5)^2+1=82
ANSWER:C |
mmlu_aux_2687 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
dna profiling ( also called dna fingerprinting and genetic fingerprinting ) is the process of determining an individual's deoxyribonucleic acid ( dna ) characteristics. dna analysis intended to identify a species, rather than an individual, is called dna barcoding. dna profiling is a forensic technique in crimina... | [
"The reason for collecting the phones from volunteers.",
"The technique of collecting DNA on the phones.",
"The method of removing traces of DNA on the phones.",
"The purpose of washing the cell phones."
] | B | null |
m1_4974 | m1 | <ctx>
and a blue card. then : the card is correct. refers to the second card, while : the red card is correct. refers to the first card. noun phrases within if - then sentences, universally quantified sentences, negations, modality, and subordinated sentences cannot be referred to anaphorically from subsequent sentence... | [
"lexical",
"syntactic",
"semantic",
"pragmatic",
"none of the above is correct"
] | A | To determine the correct answer, we need to analyze the sentence: "The duke were also presented with a book commemorated his visit’s mother."
1. **Lexical**: This refers to the choice of words and their meanings. In this case, "the duke were" is incorrect because "duke" is singular and should be paired with "was" inst... |
m1_5887 | m1 | <ctx>
. otherwise if the expression is a single symbol, replace it with true. otherwise if the expression is a symbol followed by an arbitrary expression e. 2 followed by the same symbol, replace it with the expression < pal e. 2 >. ( in other words, throw away the two identical symbols at the beginning and the end and... | [
"MD5 is using a compression function based on the Davies-Meyer scheme.",
"The Keccak hash function is based on the Merkle-Damg{\\aa}rd construction.",
"Plain CBCMAC is resistant to forgery attacks.",
"GCM is an efficient MAC based on the CBC mode."
] | A | The correct assertion is: **MD5 is using a compression function based on the Davies-Meyer scheme.**
### Logical Chain of Reasoning:
1. **MD5 and Compression Function**:
- MD5 is a widely used hash function that processes input data in blocks. It employs a specific structure, which includes a compression function ... |
arc_challenge_1083 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
photorespiration ( also known as the oxidative photosynthetic carbon cycle or c2 cycle ) refers to a process in plant metabolism where the enzyme rubisco oxygenates rubp, wasting some of the energy produced by photosynthesis. the desired reaction is the addition of carbon dioxide to rubp ( carboxylation ), a key ... | [
"carbon dioxide",
"hydrogen",
"nitrogen",
"oxygen"
] | D | |
medmcqa_5294 | medmcqa | <ctx>
et al., biphasic oxidation of oxyhemoglobin in bloodstains. plos one 2011. james, stuart h. ; eckert, william g. interpretation of bloodstain evidence at crime scenes, 2nd edition, crc press 1999. neitzel, g. paul ; smith, marc. the fluid dynamics of droplet impact on inclined surfaces with application to forensi... | [
"Phenolphthalein test",
"Takayamma test",
"Florence test",
"Teichmann's test"
] | C | To find out whether the stain is blood or Not: 1. Catalytic color test Phenolphthalein test Oho-toluidine test Benzedine test 2. Crystal test Hemin crystal test(Teichmann's test) Hemochromogen crystal test(Takayamma test) Ref: FORENSIC MEDICINE AND TOXICOLOGY Dr PC IGNATIUS THIRD EDITION PAGE 317 |
mmlu_aux_4156 | mmlu_auxiliary | <ctx>
the annual cycle. route of east asian migratory flyaway olango wildlife sanctuary as a refuelling station of migratory birds migration ecology group, lund university, sweden migrate. ou. edu – migration interest group : research applied toward education, usa canadian migration monitoring network ( co - ordinates ... | [
"3.",
"4.",
"442.",
"445."
] | A | null |
medmcqa_6934 | medmcqa | <ctx>
the lower extremities ) is a well - established congenital anomaly associated with maternal diabetes mellitus. other causes are presumably involved, as demonstrated by the rare overall incidence of caudal regression syndrome ( 1 : 60, 000 ) compared to diabetes ; however, the condition does have a greatly increas... | [
"Tuberculosis",
"Trauma",
"Malignant tumour",
"Sarcoidosis"
] | A | TB KNEE has two stages. In late stage it shows TRIPLE DEFORMITY- Posterior Subluxation External Rotation Flexion Other condition showing triple deformity of knee-Rheumatoid Ahritis REF : MAHESWARI 9TH ED |
m1_5981 | m1 | <ctx>
the elliptic curve only hash ( ecoh ) algorithm was submitted as a candidate for sha - 3 in the nist hash function competition. however, it was rejected in the beginning of the competition since a second pre - image attack was found. the ecoh is based on the muhash hash algorithm, that has not yet been successful... | [
"\\dots $H$ is collision-resistant when the compression function is collision-resistant.",
"\\dots the compression function is collision-resistant when $H$ is collision-resistant.",
"\\dots $H$ is collision-resistant.",
"\\dots $H$ is not collision-resistant."
] | A | To determine the correct answer to the question about the Merkle-Damgård theorem, let's analyze the options step-by-step.
### Understanding the Merkle-Damgård Construction
1. **Definition**: The Merkle-Damgård construction is a method for building a hash function from a one-way compression function. The constructio... |
arc_challenge_529 | arc_challenge | <ctx>
sensitivity to order in the environment. given a free choice of activity, the children showed more interest in practical activities and montessori's materials than in toys provided for them and were surprisingly unmotivated by sweets and other rewards. over time, she saw a spontaneous self - discipline emerge. ba... | [
"smelling it",
"touching it",
"weighing it",
"measuring it"
] | B | |
qasc_4062 | qasc | <ctx>
a flood is an overflow of water ( or rarely other fluids ) that submerges land that is usually dry. in the sense of " flowing water ", the word may also be applied to the inflow of the tide. floods are an area of study of the discipline hydrology and are of significant concern in agriculture, civil engineering an... | [
"landslides",
"desert",
"sunlight",
"drought"
] | A | |
openbookqa_212 | openbookqa | <ctx>
through experiences and development of personal abilities instead of through commercially provided consumption experiences. many of the key traits of voluntary simplification have been exhibited in a less extreme, but more widespread way, through the phenomenon of " downshifting. " downshifting involves a change ... | [
"cut down trees and shrubs",
"drive a gas guzzling car",
"use Styrofoam plates and cups",
"cultivate dogwoods and oaks"
] | D | |
arc_easy_1039 | arc_easy | <ctx>
osteoblasts ( from the greek combining forms for " bone ", οστεο -, osteo - and βλαστανω, blastano " germinate " ) are cells with a single nucleus that synthesize bone. however, in the process of bone formation, osteoblasts function in groups of connected cells. individual cells cannot make bone. a group of organ... | [
"support and protect the body",
"digest food and carry messages for the body",
"get rid of wastes and defend the body from disease",
"sense changes in the environment and carry food through the body"
] | A | |
openbookqa_302 | openbookqa | <ctx>
##enophases were consistently recorded over the 58 years from 1891 to 1948, and a further 14 phenophases were recorded for the 20 years between 1929 and 1948. the returns were summarised each year in the quarterly journal of the rms as the phenological reports. jeffree ( 1960 ) summarised the 58 years of data, wh... | [
"three times",
"twelve times",
"ten times",
"twice"
] | C | |
medmcqa_1429 | medmcqa | <ctx>
. stem cells, on the other hand, have the ability to divide for indefinite periods and to give rise to specialized cells. they are best described in the context of normal human development. development begins when a sperm fertilizes an egg and creates a single cell that has the potential to form an entire organis... | [
"There are many cyclin inhibitors which prevent cell to enter into S phase in adult",
"Phosphatase absent in fetal cells",
"Proteinase is absent in fetus",
"Absence of CD kinase"
] | A | A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor protein is a protein which inhibits cyclin-dependent kinase. Several function as tumor suppressor genes. Cell cycle progression is negatively controlled by cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitors (called CDIs, CKIs or CDKIs). CDIs are involved in cell cycle arrest at the G1 phase. |
medmcqa_3016 | medmcqa | <ctx>
falls during the rainy season ( october to april ). while water resources are quite abundant in sumatra, kalimantan, sulawesi, maluku and irian, water shortages occur during the dry season in parts of java, bali and the lesser sunda islands. in particular in java, the dry season flows are inadequate to meet the d... | [
"Salmonella",
"Campylobacter jejuni",
"E. histolytica",
"Y. enterocolitica"
] | C | Entamoeba histolytica is predominantly found in primates (including humans) and occasionally in dogs, cats, cattle and pigs.
The parasite has a worldwide distribution and is prevalent in tropical and subtropical countries.
Salmonella - The most common are animal reservoirs are chickens, turkeys, pigs, and cows; dozens... |
aquarat_964 | aquarat | <ctx>
##2261917482286102 x4 - 13392499389128176685 x3 + 16875252458877684989 x2 + 3759900174855208738 x1 - 46769930553931905995 which has a root of 12574411168418005980468 modulo rsa - 130. rsa - 140 rsa - 140 has 140 decimal digits ( 463 bits ), and was factored on february 2, 1999, by a team led by herman te riele an... | [
"A)10",
"B)100",
"C)1000",
"D)10000"
] | D | Explanation:
=(10)150/(10)146=10(4)=10000
Option D |
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