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An architectural style corresponds to a coordinated role and allows relationships among the elements within any architecture that conforms to that style. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/10-summary |
The framework is an implementation-specific skeletal subsystem for design work. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/10-summary |
A software stack is a collection of independent components or subsystems such as operating system, protocols, databases, architectural layers, and function calls that work together to support the execution of an application. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/10-summary |
As architectural models get transitioned into implementation architectures, it becomes necessary to specify how architectural and design patterns are realized practically within the solution. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/10-summary |
Android Studio : official IDE for Android development | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
Asynchronous JavaScript and XML (AJAX) : exchanges small amounts of data between a client and server | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
cascading style sheets (CSS) : standard style sheet language used to alter the presentation style of the web data content found in HTML | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
decentralized Apps (DApps) : applications that execute smart contracts and run over distributed ledger technology | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
Django project : high-level directory used to contain the directories and files necessary to run a Django web application | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
Ethereum blockchain : creates a secure peer-to-peer network through the use of smart contracts | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
Firebase : app development platform and a collection of services for authenticating users, integrating ads, running A/B tests, and more | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
full node : computer that maintains a copy of the blockchain and runs blockchain software | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
gas price : cost of validating transactions and updating ledgers | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
GraphQL : open-source query and manipulation language | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
hypertext markup language (HTML) : standard markup language used to describe the structure and content of web data | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
JavaScript (JS) : scripting language that adds interactivity to web content and server-side functionality | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) : file format that represents data as text-based attribute-value information | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
Jetpack Compose : toolkit for building native user interfaces | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
loose coupling : component in a software system that has a weak association with the other components | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
Metro bundler : bundles the JavaScript code that is deployed on the mobile device or emulator when the React Native front-end application is successfully created | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
Mooreâs law : states that the number of transistors on an integrated circuit doubles roughly every two years | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
Node : JavaScript runtime environment that provides users with the tools to develop web applications, as well as servers, scripts, and command-line tools | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
non-fungible token (NFT) : unique digital identifier on a blockchain | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
optimistic rollup : protocol that increases transaction output by bundling multiple transactions into batches, which are processed off-chain | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
peer-to-peer (P2P) network : one in which devices connect and can share data and processing without needing a centralized server | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
Postman : API platform testing tool that can be used as a client | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
React : JavaScript library popular to build user interfaces | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
React Native : open-source JavaScript framework used to build native applications for mobile devices | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
Semantic Web : system of autonomous agents, which are software programs that respond to events | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
serializer : tool to control response outputs and convert complex data into content, such as JSON | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
sidechain : secondary blockchain that aggregates blocks back to the main blockchain | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
Solidity : high-level, object-oriented language focused on the implementation of smart contracts | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
stateful application : software and system that maintains the state of an application over time | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
stateless application : state is not maintained by the system and previous actions do not impact future ones | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
Truffle Framework : popular suite of tools used to develop smart contracts | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
View : presentation layer that handles the user interface | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
Web 1.0 : phase of the Web where the userâs interaction was limited primarily to reading and selecting web pages | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
web page : document commonly written in HTML and viewed in a browser | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
web publishing : also calledonline publishing; is for publishing content on the Web | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
web server : software application that runs at a known URL and responds to HTTP requests | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
World Wide Web (the Web) : started as a way to link content (primarily text and images) stored on different servers or machines | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
Xcode : Appleâs IDE that enables application development for Appleâs platforms | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
zero-knowledge rollup (zk-rollup) : protocol that bundles transactions into batches that are executed off the mainnet | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-key-terms |
The Web is defined by phases, each denoted by its principal usageâWeb 1.0 for reading content, Web 2.0 regarding social interaction, and Web 3.0 as an open, decentralized, and trusted web. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
Traditional web architectures rendered web pages on the server, with each client request resulting in a new HTML page being sent from the server to the browser. The Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern was often used for server-side development. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
Responsive web applications render effectively in a browser regardless of the userâs device screen or orientation. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
Single-page applications (SPAs) load one web page in the browser, manipulating the UI and fetching data through APIs. This is often done with JavaScript making AJAX calls to REST APIs. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
Native mobile applications are designed to run on a specific device. They have the advantage of performance and access to data and functionality on the device but suffer from a lack of cross-platform support. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
Web 3.0 is the next phase of the Web. Technologies that will be needed to support it will likely include distributed ledger technologies and AI. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
Future web architectures will likely see a combination of Web 2.0 and 3.0 architectural models to support decentralization, openness, trust, cost, and performance effectively. This hybrid approach solves some problems while not fully addressing the goals of Web 3.0. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
Bootstrap is an open-source, responsive web application framework, and Django is a Python-based web application development framework. Both frameworks are highly popular due to their ease of use. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
To build the Todo application, you must install Python, PIP, Django, Django REST Framework, Bootstrap, and jQuery. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
The steps to build the Todo application are install and set up a local programming environment for Python 3, download and install Python 3.9.4, and add Python and its Scripts subfolder to your path environment data. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
The first step to build a Django web application is to create a Django project. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
Once the Django project is successfully completed and set up, the next step is to create the Todo application and register it in the Django project. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
After registering and installing the Todo web application, the next step is to create the models for Category and TodoList. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
After the Category and TodoList models are created, the next step is to create the serializers, the View, routers, user interface, and templates. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
React is a JavaScript library popular to build user interfaces. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
Node is a JavaScript runtime environment that provides developers with the tools to develop web applications, as well as servers, scripts, and command-line tools. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
When creating a Todo web application using React and Node, React serves as the front end, handling the user interface, as well as getting and setting data via HTTP requests using Axios. Node serves as the back end, using a REST API built with ExpressJS and the MongooseJS ODM to interact with a MongoDB database. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
To build the Todo application using Bootstrap, React, and Node, you need React v17.0.2, Bootstrap v4.5.0, Node v14.17.5, ExpressJS v4.17.2, MongooseJS v6.1.9, and Axios v0.21.0. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
The steps to create a Todo web application using Bootstrap, React, and Node include:create the Node back endcreate the Node appset up the Express web serverconfigure the MongoDB database and Mongoosebuild the controllerset up the REST APIcreate the React front endcreate the React appinstall Bootstrap and other dependen... | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
create the Node back end | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
create the Node app | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
set up the Express web server | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
configure the MongoDB database and Mongoose | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
build the controller | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
set up the REST API | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
create the React front end | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
create the React app | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
install Bootstrap and other dependencies | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
create the React components | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
connect the React front end to the Node back end | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
The Todo web application can be updated using Bootstrap with React and Django. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
For this version of the Todo web application, React serves as the front end handling the user interface to get and set data via HTTP requests. Django serves as the back end. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
To build the Todo application using Bootstrap with React and Django, you need Python v3.9.4, PIP v21.3.1, Django v4.0.1, Django REST Framework v3.13.1, Bootstrap v4.5.0, Django-cors-headers v3.11.0, React v17.0.2, and Axios v0.21.0. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
The React application uses Axios to fetch data by making requests to a given endpoint. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
A proxy to the Django application helps tunnel API requests from the React application to http://localhost:8000, where the Django application will receive and handle the requests. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
A Todo application for mobile devices can be developed using React Native and Node. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
React Native is an open-source JavaScript framework used to build user interfaces and native applications for mobile devices. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
To build a Todo application for mobile devices, React Native serves as the front end handling the user interface and getting and setting data via HTTP requests. Node serves as the back end that makes use of the API built using the Django REST Framework in11.2 Sample Responsive WAD with Bootstrap and Django. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
Building the Todo mobile application using React Native and Node requires React Native v0.67, Node v14.17.5, ExpressJS v4.17.2, MongooseJS v6.1.9, and Axios v0.21.0. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
A simple Todo application can be created using React with Web 3.0 powered by Ethereum smart contracts on the blockchain. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
The Ethereum blockchain creates a secure peer-to-peer network through the use of smart contracts, which are secure digital agreements that enable users to transact directly with each other via the Web. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
Building the Todo Ethereum blockchain Web 3.0 application requires React v17.0.2, Bootstrap v4.5.0, Node v14.17.5, Web 3.js v1.2.2, Truffle v5.0.2, Solidity v0.8.11, and Ganache. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
The Truffle Framework, which is a suite of tools popular to develop smart contracts, can be used to develop the Ethereum smart contract. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
The Truffle Framework can be implemented using Solidity, which is a high-level, object-oriented language that is focused on the implementation of smart contracts. | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/11-summary |
Advanced Package Tool (apt) : used to install new packages and update existing packages | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/12-key-terms |
Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (EC2) : cloud based, on-demand, compute platform that can be auto-scaled to meet demand | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/12-key-terms |
Amazon Web Service (AWS) : Amazon cloud computing platform that offers a wide range of services that allow customers to build, deploy, and manage applications and services in the cloud | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/12-key-terms |
API gateway : used to route traffic between client apps and microservices | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/12-key-terms |
AWS CLI : command-line interface used to manage Amazon cloud services | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/12-key-terms |
AWS Portal : web-based console that allows customers to manage their cloud services and subscriptions | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/12-key-terms |
Azure : cloud computing platform that offers a wide range of services that allow customers to build, deploy, and manage applications and services in the cloud | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/12-key-terms |
Azure Function App : event-driven serverless compute platform without provision or managing infrastructure | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/12-key-terms |
Azure Portal : web-based console that allows customers to manage their cloud services and subscriptions | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/12-key-terms |
Backend as a Service (BaaS) : third-party service that can be integrated with an application where the BaaS code does not need to be managed, and there are no servers | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/12-key-terms |
bare metal server : high-performance cloud server that is composed of a single-tenant, nonvirtualized physical server | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/12-key-terms |
cloud computing : delivery of computing services, such as databases, software, analytics, and storage over the Internet | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/12-key-terms |
cloud mashup : combines multiple cloud applications or services with shared datasets and integrated functionalities | https://openstax.org/books/introduction-computer-science/pages/12-key-terms |
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