text stringlengths 2 2.33k | source stringclasses 826
values |
|---|---|
pectoral girdle : shoulder girdle, made up of the clavicle and scapula | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
pectoralis major : thick, fan-shaped axial muscle that covers much of the superior thorax | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
pectoralis minor : muscle that moves the scapula and assists in inhalation | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
pelvic diaphragm : muscular sheet that comprises the levator ani and the ischiococcygeus | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
pelvic girdle : hips, a foundation for the lower limb | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
pennate : fascicles that are arranged differently based on their angles to the tendon | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
perineum : diamond-shaped region between the pubic symphysis, coccyx, and ischial tuberosities | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
piriformis : muscle deep to the gluteus maximus on the lateral surface of the thigh that laterally rotates the femur at the hip | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
plantar aponeurosis : muscle that supports the longitudinal arch of the foot | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
plantar group : four-layered group of intrinsic foot muscles | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
plantaris : muscle that runs obliquely between the gastrocnemius and the soleus | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
popliteal fossa : diamond-shaped space at the back of the knee | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
popliteus : muscle that flexes the leg at the knee and creates the floor of the popliteal fossa | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
posterior compartment of the leg : region that includes the superficial gastrocnemius, soleus, and plantaris, and the deep popliteus, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus, and tibialis posterior | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
posterior compartment of the thigh : region that includes muscles that flex the leg and extend the thigh | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
posterior scalene : smallest scalene muscle, located posterior to the middle scalene | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
prime mover : (also, agonist) principle muscle involved in an action | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
pronator quadratus : pronator that originates on the ulna and inserts on the radius | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
pronator teres : pronator that originates on the humerus and inserts on the radius | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
psoas major : muscle that, along with the iliacus, makes up the iliopsoas | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
pubococcygeus : muscle that makes up the levator ani along with the iliococcygeus | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
quadratus femoris : muscle deep to the gluteus maximus on the lateral surface of the thigh that laterally rotates the femur at the hip | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
quadratus lumborum : posterior part of the abdominal wall that helps with posture and stabilization of the body | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
quadriceps femoris group : four muscles, that extend and stabilize the knee | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
quadriceps tendon : (also, patellar tendon) tendon common to all four quadriceps muscles, inserts into the patella | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
rectus : straight | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
rectus abdominis : long, linear muscle that extends along the middle of the trunk | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
rectus femoris : quadricep muscle on the anterior aspect of the thigh | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
rectus sheaths : tissue that makes up the linea alba | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
retinacula : fibrous bands that sheath the tendons at the wrist | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
rhomboid major : muscle that attaches the vertebral border of the scapula to the spinous process of the thoracic vertebrae | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
rhomboid minor : muscle that attaches the vertebral border of the scapula to the spinous process of the thoracic vertebrae | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
rotator cuff : (also, musculotendinous cuff) the circle of tendons around the shoulder joint | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
sartorius : band-like muscle that flexes, abducts, and laterally rotates the leg at the hip | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
scalene muscles : flex, laterally flex, and rotate the head; contribute to deep inhalation | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
segmental muscle group : interspinales and intertransversarii muscles that bring together the spinous and transverse processes of each consecutive vertebra | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
semimembranosus : hamstring muscle | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
semispinalis capitis : transversospinales muscle associated with the head region | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
semispinalis cervicis : transversospinales muscle associated with the cervical region | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
semispinalis thoracis : transversospinales muscle associated with the thoracic region | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
semitendinosus : hamstring muscle | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
serratus anterior : large and flat muscle that originates on the ribs and inserts onto the scapula | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
soleus : wide, flat muscle deep to the gastrocnemius | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
sphincter urethrovaginalis : deep perineal muscle in females | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
spinalis capitis : muscle of the spinalis group associated with the head region | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
spinalis cervicis : muscle of the spinalis group associated with the cervical region | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
spinalis group : medially placed muscles of the erector spinae | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
spinalis thoracis : muscle of the spinalis group associated with the thoracic region | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
splenius : posterior neck muscles; includes the splenius capitis and splenius cervicis | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
splenius capitis : neck muscle that inserts into the head region | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
splenius cervicis : neck muscle that inserts into the cervical region | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
sternocleidomastoid : major muscle that laterally flexes and rotates the head | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
sternohyoid : muscle that depresses the hyoid bone | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
sternothyroid : muscle that depresses the larynxâs thyroid cartilage | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
styloglossus : muscle that originates on the styloid bone, and allows upward and backward motion of the tongue | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
stylohyoid : muscle that elevates the hyoid bone posteriorly | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
subclavius : muscle that stabilizes the clavicle during movement | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
subscapularis : muscle that originates on the anterior scapula and medially rotates the arm | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
superficial anterior compartment of the forearm : flexor carpi radialis, palmaris longus, flexor carpi ulnaris, flexor digitorum superficialis, and their associated blood vessels and nerves | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
superficial posterior compartment of the forearm : extensor radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor digitorum, extensor digiti minimi, extensor carpi ulnaris, and their associated blood vessels and nerves | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
superior extensor retinaculum : transverse ligament of the ankle | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
superior gemellus : muscle deep to the gluteus maximus on the lateral surface of the thigh that laterally rotates the femur at the hip | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
supinator : muscle that moves the palm and forearm anteriorly | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
suprahyoid muscles : neck muscles that are superior to the hyoid bone | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
supraspinatus : muscle that abducts the arm | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
synergist : muscle whose contraction helps a prime mover in an action | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
temporalis : muscle that retracts the mandible | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
tendinous intersections : three transverse bands of collagen fibers that divide the rectus abdominis into segments | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
tensor fascia lata : muscle that flexes and abducts the thigh | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
teres major : muscle that extends the arm and assists in adduction and medial rotation of it | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
teres minor : muscle that laterally rotates and extends the arm | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
thenar : group of muscles on the lateral aspect of the palm | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
thenar eminence : rounded contour of muscle at the base of the thumb | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
thyrohyoid : muscle that depresses the hyoid bone and elevates the larynxâs thyroid cartilage | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
tibialis anterior : muscle located on the lateral surface of the tibia | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
tibialis posterior : muscle that plantar flexes and inverts the foot | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
transversospinales : muscles that originate at the transverse processes and insert at the spinous processes of the vertebrae | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
transversus abdominis : deep layer of the abdomen that has fascicles arranged transversely around the abdomen | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
trapezius : muscle that stabilizes the upper part of the back | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
tri : three | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
triceps brachii : three-headed muscle that extends the forearm | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
unipennate : pennate muscle that has fascicles located on one side of the tendon | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
urogenital triangle : anterior triangle of the perineum that includes the external genitals | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
vastus intermedius : quadricep muscle that is between the vastus lateralis and vastus medialis and is deep to the rectus femoris | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
vastus lateralis : quadricep muscle on the lateral aspect of the thigh | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
vastus medialis : quadricep muscle on the medial aspect of the thigh | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/11-key-terms |
The nervous system can be separated into divisions on the basis of anatomy and physiology. The anatomical divisions are the central and peripheral nervous systems. The CNS is the brain and spinal cord. The PNS is everything else. Functionally, the nervous system can be divided into those regions that are responsible fo... | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/12-chapter-review |
Considering the anatomical regions of the nervous system, there are specific names for the structures within each division. A localized collection of neuron cell bodies is referred to as a nucleus in the CNS and as a ganglion in the PNS. A bundle of axons is referred to as a tract in the CNS and as a nerve in the PNS. ... | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/12-chapter-review |
Nervous tissue can also be described as gray matter and white matter on the basis of its appearance in unstained tissue. These descriptions are more often used in the CNS. Gray matter is where nuclei are found and white matter is where tracts are found. In the PNS, ganglia are basically gray matter and nerves are white... | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/12-chapter-review |
The nervous system can also be divided on the basis of how it controls the body. The somatic nervous system (SNS) is responsible for functions that result in moving skeletal muscles. Any sensory or integrative functions that result in the movement of skeletal muscle would be considered somatic. The autonomic nervous sy... | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/12-chapter-review |
A special division of the nervous system is the enteric nervous system, which is responsible for controlling the digestive organs. Parts of the autonomic nervous system overlap with the enteric nervous system. The enteric nervous system is exclusively found in the periphery because it is the nervous tissue in the organ... | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/12-chapter-review |
Nervous tissue contains two major cell types, neurons and glial cells. Neurons are the cells responsible for communication through electrical signals. Glial cells are supporting cells, maintaining the environment around the neurons. | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/12-chapter-review |
Neurons are polarized cells, based on the flow of electrical signals along their membrane. Signals are received at the dendrites, are passed along the cell body, and propagate along the axon towards the target, which may be another neuron, muscle tissue, or a gland. Many axons are insulated by a lipid-rich substance ca... | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/12-chapter-review |
Several types of glial cells are found in the nervous system, and they can be categorized by the anatomical division in which they are found. In the CNS, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and ependymal cells are found. Astrocytes are important for maintaining the chemical environment around the neuron and are cr... | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/12-chapter-review |
Sensation starts with the activation of a sensory ending, such as the thermoreceptor in the skin sensing the temperature of the water. The sensory endings in the skin initiate an electrical signal that travels along the sensory axon within a nerve into the spinal cord, where it synapses with a neuron in the gray matter... | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/12-chapter-review |
The nervous system is characterized by electrical signals that are sent from one area to another. Whether those areas are close or very far apart, the signal must travel along an axon. The basis of the electrical signal is the controlled distribution of ions across the membrane. Transmembrane ion channels regulate when... | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/12-chapter-review |
The membrane is normally at rest with established Na+and K+concentrations on either side. A stimulus will start the depolarization of the membrane, and voltage-gated channels will result in further depolarization followed by repolarization of the membrane. A slight overshoot of hyperpolarization marks the end of the ac... | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/12-chapter-review |
The action potential travels down the axon as voltage-gated ion channels are opened by the spreading depolarization. In unmyelinated axons, this happens in a continuous fashion because there are voltage-gated channels throughout the membrane. In myelinated axons, propagation is described as saltatory because voltage-ga... | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/12-chapter-review |
The basis of the electrical signal within a neuron is the action potential that propagates down the axon. For a neuron to generate an action potential, it needs to receive input from another source, either another neuron or a sensory stimulus. That input will result in opening ion channels in the neuron, resulting in a... | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/12-chapter-review |
Graded potentials can be the result of sensory stimuli. If the sensory stimulus is received by the dendrites of a unipolar sensory neuron, such as the sensory neuron ending in the skin, the graded potential is called a generator potential because it can directly generate the action potential in the initial segment of t... | https://openstax.org/books/anatomy-and-physiology-2e/pages/12-chapter-review |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.