id int64 1 141k | title stringlengths 15 150 | body stringlengths 45 28.5k | tags stringlengths 1 102 | label int64 1 1 | text stringlengths 128 28.6k | source stringclasses 1
value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
86,560 | Similarity Threshold Standards | <p>When using similarity measures (eg. Resnik Information Content, Cosine Similarity, etc.) for any type of data, are there any standard similarity thresholds that are used, or does it all depend on the situation? A similarity threshold would be the value X in [0,1] such that all pairs with similarity score greater tha... | similarity semantic similarity | 1 | Similarity Threshold Standards -- (similarity semantic similarity)
<p>When using similarity measures (eg. Resnik Information Content, Cosine Similarity, etc.) for any type of data, are there any standard similarity thresholds that are used, or does it all depend on the situation? A similarity threshold would be the val... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,572 | BERT uses WordPiece, RoBERTa uses BPE | <p>In the original <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.04805.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><strong>BERT</strong></a> paper, section <em>'A.2 Pre-training Procedure'</em>, it is mentioned:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>The LM masking is applied after <strong>WordPiece</strong> tokenization with a uniform masking rate of ... | bert transfer learning transformer language model tokenization | 1 | BERT uses WordPiece, RoBERTa uses BPE -- (bert transfer learning transformer language model tokenization)
<p>In the original <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1810.04805.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><strong>BERT</strong></a> paper, section <em>'A.2 Pre-training Procedure'</em>, it is mentioned:</p>
<blockquote>
... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,596 | how to compare between kmeans and hierarchical clustering results | <p>I am using 2 types of clustering algorithm
I apply hierarchical clustering the K-means clustering using python sklearn library</p>
<p>Now the results are a little bit different so how can I compare the results and which algorithm to use? because I want to write a conclusion for a set of unlabeled data.</p>&#... | clustering k means unsupervised learning | 1 | how to compare between kmeans and hierarchical clustering results -- (clustering k means unsupervised learning)
<p>I am using 2 types of clustering algorithm
I apply hierarchical clustering the K-means clustering using python sklearn library</p>
<p>Now the results are a little bit different so how can I compare... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,606 | Show distribution of users affected by outlier response times | <p>My dataset is performance metrics (response time) of a web page over the course of a single day.
The data looks roughly like this:</p>
<pre><code>| Date | User Id | Response time in milliseconds |
|------+---------+-------------------------------|
| ... | U1 | 390 |&#x... | clustering statistics visualization | 1 | Show distribution of users affected by outlier response times -- (clustering statistics visualization)
<p>My dataset is performance metrics (response time) of a web page over the course of a single day.
The data looks roughly like this:</p>
<pre><code>| Date | User Id | Response time in milliseconds |
|----... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,613 | Difficulties training a classifier | <p>I'm a begginer in data science but I tried to build a classifier for my own bank transactions, I collected ~ 50.000 in total. My intention is to create a relationship between the statement of the transaction and the type of transaction. For example:</p>
<p><strong>Statement: Payment with card number XXXXXX in Wa... | neural network classification | 1 | Difficulties training a classifier -- (neural network classification)
<p>I'm a begginer in data science but I tried to build a classifier for my own bank transactions, I collected ~ 50.000 in total. My intention is to create a relationship between the statement of the transaction and the type of transaction. For exampl... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,615 | Encoder-Decoder LSTM for Trajectory Prediction | <p>I need to use encoder-decoder structure to predict 2D trajectories. As almost all available tutorials are related to NLP -with sparse vectors-, I couldn't be sure about how to adapt the solutions to a continuous data.</p>
<p>In addition to my ignorance in seqence-to-sequence models, <code>embedding</code> proces... | keras lstm prediction encoder | 1 | Encoder-Decoder LSTM for Trajectory Prediction -- (keras lstm prediction encoder)
<p>I need to use encoder-decoder structure to predict 2D trajectories. As almost all available tutorials are related to NLP -with sparse vectors-, I couldn't be sure about how to adapt the solutions to a continuous data.</p>
<p>In add... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,618 | Unsupervised text classification with R/Python | <p>I am relativity new to machine/deep learning and NLP. As a part of my Phd thesis I have scraped vast number of job vacancies (most of them are in Polish, and about 10% are in English ones) and then extracted required skills/competencies. As an output I got a vector of strings contains single skills/competences. I pe... | machine learning python nlp r text mining | 1 | Unsupervised text classification with R/Python -- (machine learning python nlp r text mining)
<p>I am relativity new to machine/deep learning and NLP. As a part of my Phd thesis I have scraped vast number of job vacancies (most of them are in Polish, and about 10% are in English ones) and then extracted required skills... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,627 | Finding and ranking best semantic matches between two sets of phrases | <p>I'm looking for a proper definition for what sort of problem this is, so I can further research it on my own - though I will, for sure, appreciate any specific advice on what are industry standard ways for working on this. While I'm fairly inexperienced with NLP or recommender systems, I've done a fair amount of cla... | machine learning nlp recommender system | 1 | Finding and ranking best semantic matches between two sets of phrases -- (machine learning nlp recommender system)
<p>I'm looking for a proper definition for what sort of problem this is, so I can further research it on my own - though I will, for sure, appreciate any specific advice on what are industry standard ways ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,640 | Adapting ZFNet on 2244x224 image using a filter 7X7 | <p>I am building a model based on <strong>ZFNet</strong> in Tensorflow 2.0. I am using the Petal images dataset. The images are of size <strong>224x244x3</strong>.
So my question is when implementing the first layer (conv2d) with <strong>filter size = 7</strong> and a <strong>stride of 3</strong> and <strong>paddin... | tensorflow cnn convolution alex net | 1 | Adapting ZFNet on 2244x224 image using a filter 7X7 -- (tensorflow cnn convolution alex net)
<p>I am building a model based on <strong>ZFNet</strong> in Tensorflow 2.0. I am using the Petal images dataset. The images are of size <strong>224x244x3</strong>.
So my question is when implementing the first layer (conv2d... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,650 | What does it mean for an image to have a distribution? | <p>While studying Independent Component Analysis, specifically SVD to be used for the task of image separation. The lines given in the textbook is like this:-</p>
<p>"The first assumption will be that the two images are statistically independent."</p>
<p>Now, Statistical independence means images must... | machine learning | 1 | What does it mean for an image to have a distribution? -- (machine learning)
<p>While studying Independent Component Analysis, specifically SVD to be used for the task of image separation. The lines given in the textbook is like this:-</p>
<p>"The first assumption will be that the two images are statistically ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,652 | MNIST 2-layer NN failing to recognize certain digits | <p>Recently I've been taking a look into some basic multilayer neural networks, and I decided to try tackling the MNIST database of handwritten digits using a 2 layer neural network with 100 neurons in the hidden layer.</p>
<p>My network has a hidden layer using ReLU, and the output layer uses the sigmoid function.... | neural network matlab mnist | 1 | MNIST 2-layer NN failing to recognize certain digits -- (neural network matlab mnist)
<p>Recently I've been taking a look into some basic multilayer neural networks, and I decided to try tackling the MNIST database of handwritten digits using a 2 layer neural network with 100 neurons in the hidden layer.</p>
<p>My ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,659 | Python library to detect a bank/financial institution name in a string | <p>I would like to extract bank names from a given text like wells Fargo, chase....is there a python library for this? I know there is entity tagger in space and flair but they only identify the entity (org/person)</p>
 | text mining text filter | 1 | Python library to detect a bank/financial institution name in a string -- (text mining text filter)
<p>I would like to extract bank names from a given text like wells Fargo, chase....is there a python library for this? I know there is entity tagger in space and flair but they only identify the entity (org/person)</p>&#... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,661 | How do you calculate the number coefficients in polynomial regression? | <p>So I can't seem to find much on this by searching so I came here. Let's say I had 3 variables <span class="math-container">$x_1,x_2,x_3$</span> and the let's say the degree of the polynomial was <span class="math-container">$d=2$</span>, I can define the length of a vector of variables as <span class="math-containe... | regression statistics linear regression mathematics | 1 | How do you calculate the number coefficients in polynomial regression? -- (regression statistics linear regression mathematics)
<p>So I can't seem to find much on this by searching so I came here. Let's say I had 3 variables <span class="math-container">$x_1,x_2,x_3$</span> and the let's say the degree of the polynomi... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,665 | Finding Correlations in two Datasets | <p>I have an assignment where I am trying to find correlations between Lightning Strikes and Telecommunication damage. The two datasets consist of many columns (especially the human-recorded Telecommunication damage one), but let's assume it was something like this :</p>
<p>Telecommunication_Damage_df.columns = (ti... | time series geospatial | 1 | Finding Correlations in two Datasets -- (time series geospatial)
<p>I have an assignment where I am trying to find correlations between Lightning Strikes and Telecommunication damage. The two datasets consist of many columns (especially the human-recorded Telecommunication damage one), but let's assume it was something... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,669 | Context Based Embeddings vs character based embeddings vs word based embeddings | <p>I am working on a problem that uses English alphabets in the text but the language is not English. Its a mixture of English and different language text. But all words are written using English alphabets. Now, word-based pre-trained embedding models will not work here as it gives a random embedding to out of vocabula... | machine learning nlp data science model word embeddings python 3.x | 1 | Context Based Embeddings vs character based embeddings vs word based embeddings -- (machine learning nlp data science model word embeddings python 3.x)
<p>I am working on a problem that uses English alphabets in the text but the language is not English. Its a mixture of English and different language text. But all word... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,675 | Does Tensorflow has a keras module? | <p>everyone. I am a Geophysicist who has recently started learning Data Science. As part of this process I am going over some example source code included in the book "Machine Learning for the Oil and Gas Industry". The problem I have is that the source code has the following lines of code:</p>
<pre><code... | machine learning keras tensorflow anaconda | 1 | Does Tensorflow has a keras module? -- (machine learning keras tensorflow anaconda)
<p>everyone. I am a Geophysicist who has recently started learning Data Science. As part of this process I am going over some example source code included in the book "Machine Learning for the Oil and Gas Industry". The proble... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,690 | How to get non-normalized feature importances with random forest in scikit-learn | <p>I'm using the feature_importances_ attribute in the random forest classifier of scikit-learn to plot the importances of each feature. However, I'd like to plot these importances non-normalized. I have searched around how to do this, but there doesn't seem to be an easy method how to do this. I tried manually:</p>&#x... | scikit learn random forest | 1 | How to get non-normalized feature importances with random forest in scikit-learn -- (scikit learn random forest)
<p>I'm using the feature_importances_ attribute in the random forest classifier of scikit-learn to plot the importances of each feature. However, I'd like to plot these importances non-normalized. I have sea... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,722 | replace values based on Number of duplicate rows are occured | <p>I have a dataframe ,that looks like this</p>
<pre><code> site Active
0 deals Active
1 deals Active
2 deals Active
3 discount Active
4 discount Active
</code></pre>
<p>i don't want to drop the duplicate items, but i want to change the Active columns value base... | pandas data cleaning dataframe | 1 | replace values based on Number of duplicate rows are occured -- (pandas data cleaning dataframe)
<p>I have a dataframe ,that looks like this</p>
<pre><code> site Active
0 deals Active
1 deals Active
2 deals Active
3 discount Active
4 discount Active
</code></pre>&#x... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,727 | Oscilations in loss curve | <p>I saw a similar question, but I think my problem is something different.
While training, the training loss and the validation loss move around one number, not decreasing significantly.
I have 122707 training observations and 52589 test observations with 55 explanatory variables and one dependent, One CONN1D ... | cnn lstm loss function | 1 | Oscilations in loss curve -- (cnn lstm loss function)
<p>I saw a similar question, but I think my problem is something different.
While training, the training loss and the validation loss move around one number, not decreasing significantly.
I have 122707 training observations and 52589 test observations with 5... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,732 | Does standardization result in normal distribution? | <p>I have a question about standardization (subtract mean, divide by standard deviation) of data consisting of different features with different ranges.</p>
<p>I read some information that seemed to be contradictory.</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Standardization</p>
<ul>
<li>does not alter the fundamental sha... | gaussian multivariate distribution | 1 | Does standardization result in normal distribution? -- (gaussian multivariate distribution)
<p>I have a question about standardization (subtract mean, divide by standard deviation) of data consisting of different features with different ranges.</p>
<p>I read some information that seemed to be contradictory.</p>
... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,748 | How to Identify Repeating Data Entries when the Repeated Entries are Spelled or Constructed Differently | <p>I have a dataset of entries and a variable for the owner of the entry. Some of these people occur more than once. However, the names are sometimes written differently. I want to eventually be able to aggregate the other data to the single owner. These are the names of business owners so sometimes it's a singular nam... | python r algorithms text | 1 | How to Identify Repeating Data Entries when the Repeated Entries are Spelled or Constructed Differently -- (python r algorithms text)
<p>I have a dataset of entries and a variable for the owner of the entry. Some of these people occur more than once. However, the names are sometimes written differently. I want to event... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,763 | Is ImageNet 1k a subset of ImageNet 22k | <p>There are 2 different ImageNet datasets: ImageNet 1k usually referred to in papers as just ImageNet and the full ImageNet dataset also called ImageNet 22k. Is the ImageNet 1k a subset of the 22k? And if so are the 1k categories represented the same way in the 22k version or maybe images of a certain class in the 1k ... | machine learning deep learning computer vision | 1 | Is ImageNet 1k a subset of ImageNet 22k -- (machine learning deep learning computer vision)
<p>There are 2 different ImageNet datasets: ImageNet 1k usually referred to in papers as just ImageNet and the full ImageNet dataset also called ImageNet 22k. Is the ImageNet 1k a subset of the 22k? And if so are the 1k categori... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,774 | How to generate and visualize results of all possible parameter values in Python? | <p>I have two parameters: <code>demand</code>, <code>ticket_qty</code>.</p>
<p><code>demand</code> is an integer and can have a possible range of [100 - 200]</p>
<p><code>ticket_qty</code> is also an integer and can have a possible range of [0 - 200]</p>
<p>I want to visualize how values for the above param... | python statistics | 1 | How to generate and visualize results of all possible parameter values in Python? -- (python statistics)
<p>I have two parameters: <code>demand</code>, <code>ticket_qty</code>.</p>
<p><code>demand</code> is an integer and can have a possible range of [100 - 200]</p>
<p><code>ticket_qty</code> is also an integer... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,787 | Azure automl time series forecasting error | <p>I'm using <a href="https://azure.microsoft.com/en-ca/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Microsoft Azure automl</a> to try and generate models for time series forecasting but I keep getting an error:</p>
<pre><code>Error: Could not determine the data set time frequency. All series in the data set have one row and no fre... | time series dataset forecasting azure ml automl | 1 | Azure automl time series forecasting error -- (time series dataset forecasting azure ml automl)
<p>I'm using <a href="https://azure.microsoft.com/en-ca/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Microsoft Azure automl</a> to try and generate models for time series forecasting but I keep getting an error:</p>
<pre><code>Error: Cou... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,788 | Bag-of-words and Spam classifiers | <p>I implemented a spam classifier using Bernoulli Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, and SVM. Algorithms are trained on the entire Enron spam emails dataset using the Bag-of-words (BoW) approach. Prediction is done on the UCI SMS Spam Collection dataset. I have 3 questions:</p>
<ol>
<li><p>During test time, whi... | machine learning deep learning nlp naive bayes classifier bag of words | 1 | Bag-of-words and Spam classifiers -- (machine learning deep learning nlp naive bayes classifier bag of words)
<p>I implemented a spam classifier using Bernoulli Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, and SVM. Algorithms are trained on the entire Enron spam emails dataset using the Bag-of-words (BoW) approach. Prediction is ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,789 | Should I try to predict the probability of being 1 or zero based on recall score? | <p>I built a random forest model to classify if a men's NCAA basketball game would go over or under the total. The model was given training data that specified over as 1 and under as 0. I then used a classification report to calculate the precision, recall, f1-score, and support. These were my results:</p>
<p><a hr... | machine learning classification | 1 | Should I try to predict the probability of being 1 or zero based on recall score? -- (machine learning classification)
<p>I built a random forest model to classify if a men's NCAA basketball game would go over or under the total. The model was given training data that specified over as 1 and under as 0. I then used a c... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,798 | Using MinMaxScaler on Training Set... Do I need to scale the input for a prediction as well? | <p>I know this is a rookie question, but I'm having trouble with getting predictions out of a model. I use a MinMaxScaler() function on the training set as seen below...</p>
<pre><code>scaler = MinMaxScaler()
X_train = scaler.fit_transform(X_train)
X_test = scaler.transform(X_test)
</code></pre>
<p>... | classification scikit learn feature scaling | 1 | Using MinMaxScaler on Training Set... Do I need to scale the input for a prediction as well? -- (classification scikit learn feature scaling)
<p>I know this is a rookie question, but I'm having trouble with getting predictions out of a model. I use a MinMaxScaler() function on the training set as seen below...</p>
... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,824 | Is the PR AUC invariant under label flip? | <p>The ROC-AUC curve is invariant under a flip of the labels. I don't know if its a famous result so I will give the proof below. My question is if the PR-AUC curve also has this property. I have not been able to prove or disprove it yet.</p>
<p>The reason this is important is that <a href="https://www.biostat.wisc... | classification class imbalance auc | 1 | Is the PR AUC invariant under label flip? -- (classification class imbalance auc)
<p>The ROC-AUC curve is invariant under a flip of the labels. I don't know if its a famous result so I will give the proof below. My question is if the PR-AUC curve also has this property. I have not been able to prove or disprove it yet.... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,827 | High accuracy on test-set, what could go wrong? | <blockquote>
<p>You are given a pre-trained binary ML classification model with 99% accuracy on the test-set (assume the customer required 95% and that the test-set is balanced). We would like to deploy our model in production. What could go wrong? How would you check it?</p>
</blockquote>
<p>My answer was ... | machine learning generalization | 1 | High accuracy on test-set, what could go wrong? -- (machine learning generalization)
<blockquote>
<p>You are given a pre-trained binary ML classification model with 99% accuracy on the test-set (assume the customer required 95% and that the test-set is balanced). We would like to deploy our model in production. Wha... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,844 | Does statsmodels compute R2 and other metrics on a validation-/test- set? | <p>Does statsmodels compute R2 and other metrics on a validation set?</p>
<p>I am using the OLS from the <code>statsmodels.api</code>
when printing summary, an r2 and r2_asjusted are presented.</p>
<p>I did not trust those 0.88 and computed an own adjusted R2 with scikit-learn <code>r2_score</code> and the ... | scikit learn statsmodels goodness of fit r squared | 1 | Does statsmodels compute R2 and other metrics on a validation-/test- set? -- (scikit learn statsmodels goodness of fit r squared)
<p>Does statsmodels compute R2 and other metrics on a validation set?</p>
<p>I am using the OLS from the <code>statsmodels.api</code>
when printing summary, an r2 and r2_asjusted are... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,856 | Regressing Elbow-like Plot | <p>I have data consisting of light wavelength and some coefficient. The wavelength in the data I have is in steps of 10s and I need the coefficient for a wavelength that is between the values I have (eg. 432.5 nm). Data:</p>
<pre><code>wavelen coeff
380 0.982
390 0.564
400 0.3... | regression | 1 | Regressing Elbow-like Plot -- (regression)
<p>I have data consisting of light wavelength and some coefficient. The wavelength in the data I have is in steps of 10s and I need the coefficient for a wavelength that is between the values I have (eg. 432.5 nm). Data:</p>
<pre><code>wavelen coeff
380 0.98... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,868 | Does Gradient Boosting perform n-ary splits where n > 2? | <p>I wonder whether algorithms such as GBM, XGBoost, CatBoost, and LightGBM perform more than two splits at a node in the decision trees? Can a node be split into 3 or more branches instead of merely binary splits? Can more than one feature be used in deciding how to split a node? Can a feature be re-used in splitting ... | xgboost gbm lightgbm natural gradient boosting catboost | 1 | Does Gradient Boosting perform n-ary splits where n > 2? -- (xgboost gbm lightgbm natural gradient boosting catboost)
<p>I wonder whether algorithms such as GBM, XGBoost, CatBoost, and LightGBM perform more than two splits at a node in the decision trees? Can a node be split into 3 or more branches instead of merely bi... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,875 | Scaling the activation function | <p>It is obvious that I have to scale the output data if the range of values is between say [-10;10] and the activation function of the output layer takes values in the interval [-1;1]. But I could also scale the activation function by multiplying it with the factor 10 instead. It seems to me that it is more common to ... | feature scaling activation function | 1 | Scaling the activation function -- (feature scaling activation function)
<p>It is obvious that I have to scale the output data if the range of values is between say [-10;10] and the activation function of the output layer takes values in the interval [-1;1]. But I could also scale the activation function by multiplying... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,883 | Is there a fundamental difference from creating a model for each value in a category? | <p>I am creating a few models based on service requests. The services being requested are not distributed equally, some services being used sparingly, whereas others are quite common.</p>
<p>I had these services as categorical variables and built pipelines to incorporate them through one-hot encoding. I got to thin... | machine learning scikit learn | 1 | Is there a fundamental difference from creating a model for each value in a category? -- (machine learning scikit learn)
<p>I am creating a few models based on service requests. The services being requested are not distributed equally, some services being used sparingly, whereas others are quite common.</p>
<p>I ha... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,885 | Maximum Likelihood estimation | <p>Given a sample <span class="math-container">$ X_1,X_2 \dots X_{100}$</span> and the density function <span class="math-container">$ f(x;\theta) = \frac{1}{\pi \cdot \left(1+\left(x-\theta \right)^2\right)}$</span> , find an approximate solution for <span class="math-container">$\hat{\theta}_{MLE.}$</span></p>
... | r statistics plotting | 1 | Maximum Likelihood estimation -- (r statistics plotting)
<p>Given a sample <span class="math-container">$ X_1,X_2 \dots X_{100}$</span> and the density function <span class="math-container">$ f(x;\theta) = \frac{1}{\pi \cdot \left(1+\left(x-\theta \right)^2\right)}$</span> , find an approximate solution for <span cl... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,891 | Which definition of Likelihood function is correct? | <p>In the <a href="https://www.deeplearningbook.org/contents/ml.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">online version of the Deep Learning book on chapter 5</a> the estimator for likelihood function is defined as:</p>
<p><a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/JuIhP.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.stack.imgu... | machine learning deep learning linear regression | 1 | Which definition of Likelihood function is correct? -- (machine learning deep learning linear regression)
<p>In the <a href="https://www.deeplearningbook.org/contents/ml.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">online version of the Deep Learning book on chapter 5</a> the estimator for likelihood function is defined as:</p>
... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,909 | Pandas replace column values by condition with averages based on a value in another column | <p>I have a dataframe with people's CV data.
Among others, there's a column with years of experience, and a column with age.
Some people stated their age and experience in a way that <strong>experience > age</strong>. For example <code>age=30</code> and <code>experience=40</code>, which is a problem.</p>
... | python pandas preprocessing | 1 | Pandas replace column values by condition with averages based on a value in another column -- (python pandas preprocessing)
<p>I have a dataframe with people's CV data.
Among others, there's a column with years of experience, and a column with age.
Some people stated their age and experience in a way that <stro... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,925 | Building a summary string in a Pandas groupby (Possibly cross-tab or pivot-table question) | <p>I'm a n00b in Python Pandas.</p>
<p>I want to do a particular aggregation / grouping / cross-tab but I know so little of the terminology that I don't even know how to look this up.</p>
<p>But here's what I want.</p>
<p>Say I have a table like this</p>
<pre><code>Bob, Oranges, 5
Bob, Apples, 10&... | python pandas | 1 | Building a summary string in a Pandas groupby (Possibly cross-tab or pivot-table question) -- (python pandas)
<p>I'm a n00b in Python Pandas.</p>
<p>I want to do a particular aggregation / grouping / cross-tab but I know so little of the terminology that I don't even know how to look this up.</p>
<p>But here's ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,928 | Why isn't all data periodic? | <p>Let's say we have 2 classes (-1 and 1), 1 feature (x), and an arbitrary amount of data points.
Why can't we always find a frequency and phase that fit a sine wave or a square wave to our data points? When graphed, as frequency is increased, the sine function almost seems to cover the entire [-1≤y≤1] domain, so i... | classification regression data | 1 | Why isn't all data periodic? -- (classification regression data)
<p>Let's say we have 2 classes (-1 and 1), 1 feature (x), and an arbitrary amount of data points.
Why can't we always find a frequency and phase that fit a sine wave or a square wave to our data points? When graphed, as frequency is increased, the sin... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,934 | Calibrating probability thresholds for multiclass classification | <p>I have built a network for the classification of three classes. The network consists of a CNN followed by two fully-connected layers. The CNN consists of convolutional layers, followed by batch normalization, a RELU activation, max pooling and drop out. The three classes are imbalanced (as can be seen in the confusi... | machine learning classification class imbalance confusion matrix probability calibration | 1 | Calibrating probability thresholds for multiclass classification -- (machine learning classification class imbalance confusion matrix probability calibration)
<p>I have built a network for the classification of three classes. The network consists of a CNN followed by two fully-connected layers. The CNN consists of conv... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,951 | What is the structure of a MLP that allows for arbitrary decision boundaries? | <p>I'm just doing some reacher for my machine learning class, I found out it must be three layers MLP. But why? Is there a proof/paper or I'm wrong?</p>
 | machine learning | 1 | What is the structure of a MLP that allows for arbitrary decision boundaries? -- (machine learning)
<p>I'm just doing some reacher for my machine learning class, I found out it must be three layers MLP. But why? Is there a proof/paper or I'm wrong?</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,960 | Methods of disaggregating data to smaller units? | <p>I have a relatively straightforward question that I know poses some difficult challenges.</p>
<p>Let's say I have a state-level rate of X. I would like to disaggregate the state-level rate to the county-level. I realize this is can be dangerous (ecological fallacy), but I have seen some studies use the technique... | data feature engineering weighted data | 1 | Methods of disaggregating data to smaller units? -- (data feature engineering weighted data)
<p>I have a relatively straightforward question that I know poses some difficult challenges.</p>
<p>Let's say I have a state-level rate of X. I would like to disaggregate the state-level rate to the county-level. I realize ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,978 | Trying to figure out which the training set is | <p>Can someone help me on this one? As can be seen in the screenshot, it says the loss is 1/2. Where's that 1/2 coming from? How can I replace the values in the h(s) function?</p>
<p><a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/StVCW.jpg" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/StVCW.jpg" alt="enter ima... | machine learning overfitting | 1 | Trying to figure out which the training set is -- (machine learning overfitting)
<p>Can someone help me on this one? As can be seen in the screenshot, it says the loss is 1/2. Where's that 1/2 coming from? How can I replace the values in the h(s) function?</p>
<p><a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/StVCW.jpg" rel="n... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
86,993 | XGBoost feature importance has all features but decision tree doesn't | <p>I have used XGBoost to train a model with 400 features. My understanding is that since the max_depth is default at only 6, and 2^6 < 400, not all features will end up in the tree.</p>
<p>How come when I output the feature importance chart, it shows every single feature with above 0 importance? The decision tr... | python feature selection xgboost | 1 | XGBoost feature importance has all features but decision tree doesn't -- (python feature selection xgboost)
<p>I have used XGBoost to train a model with 400 features. My understanding is that since the max_depth is default at only 6, and 2^6 < 400, not all features will end up in the tree.</p>
<p>How come when I... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,009 | Replace value of a column if the value of another column is a duplicate | <p>I have a Pandas dataframe that contains three columns: ID, name and date. The name column is not unique and may contain duplicates. I want to change the date of the duplicated name to the earliest date. For example:</p>
<p>Input:</p>
<pre><code>id name date
1 Rachel 3/10/2020
2 Dave 1/5/2... | python pandas | 1 | Replace value of a column if the value of another column is a duplicate -- (python pandas)
<p>I have a Pandas dataframe that contains three columns: ID, name and date. The name column is not unique and may contain duplicates. I want to change the date of the duplicated name to the earliest date. For example:</p>
<p... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,010 | Hyperparameter tunning for Random Forest- choose the best max depth | <p>I'm trying to choose the best parameters for random forest model.<br />
For that goal I hae run my model in loop with only one parameter and each time I have changed the number for the parameter max depth. I have created two charts: one for the model score and one for the MAE.
this is how the charts look li... | random forest accuracy overfitting hyperparameter tuning | 1 | Hyperparameter tunning for Random Forest- choose the best max depth -- (random forest accuracy overfitting hyperparameter tuning)
<p>I'm trying to choose the best parameters for random forest model.<br />
For that goal I hae run my model in loop with only one parameter and each time I have changed the number for th... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,013 | Predicting Player Position from pervious positions and LSTMs | <p>I am trying to use LSTMs to predict player positions in a field game. I try to overfit 8 slightly different time series. For this overfitting task I just use the positions of the players.
A data sample looks like this:
<a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/hFuUw.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://... | keras time series lstm sports | 1 | Predicting Player Position from pervious positions and LSTMs -- (keras time series lstm sports)
<p>I am trying to use LSTMs to predict player positions in a field game. I try to overfit 8 slightly different time series. For this overfitting task I just use the positions of the players.
A data sample looks like this... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,018 | Lasso Regression for Feature Importance saying almost every feature is unimportant? | <p>I have a metric (RevenueSoFar) that is a great predictor of my target FinalRevenue as you'd expect - it is a metric where we tend to get 90-95% of revenue so far on day 1 and then it can increase over the next 6 days. Therefore i'm also using DaysData (1,...,6) as a feature in the training set to attempt to get the ... | machine learning python scikit learn feature selection lasso | 1 | Lasso Regression for Feature Importance saying almost every feature is unimportant? -- (machine learning python scikit learn feature selection lasso)
<p>I have a metric (RevenueSoFar) that is a great predictor of my target FinalRevenue as you'd expect - it is a metric where we tend to get 90-95% of revenue so far on da... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,022 | The process of normalizing your data | <p>I have a machine learning model to pick different outcome of each game for a college basketball game.</p>
<p>The X values are:</p>
<pre><code>Feature Range

Money Line -100000 - +9000
Money Line % 0.01 - 0.99
Money Line $ 0.01 - 0.99&#x... | machine learning python data cleaning | 1 | The process of normalizing your data -- (machine learning python data cleaning)
<p>I have a machine learning model to pick different outcome of each game for a college basketball game.</p>
<p>The X values are:</p>
<pre><code>Feature Range

Money Line -100000 - +9000
... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,029 | Train and test the model using 2 separate datasets | <p>I have a big data-set (14K subjects) and a small data-set (100 subjects). Both have same number and similar features (20). They are not overlapped.<br>
I used the big data-set to train a regression model and validate it. Then I identified the most significant features in the big data-set.<br>
Now I want to i... | machine learning regression machine learning model | 1 | Train and test the model using 2 separate datasets -- (machine learning regression machine learning model)
<p>I have a big data-set (14K subjects) and a small data-set (100 subjects). Both have same number and similar features (20). They are not overlapped.<br>
I used the big data-set to train a regression model an... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,043 | How to reconstruct a scikit-learn predictor for Gradient Boosting Regressor? | <p>I would like to train my datasets in <code>scikit-learn</code> but export the final Gradient Boosting Regressor elsewhere so that I can make predictions directly on another platform.</p>
<p>I am aware that we can obtain the individual decision trees used by the regressor by accessing <code>regressor.estimators[]... | scikit learn prediction gbm representation natural gradient boosting | 1 | How to reconstruct a scikit-learn predictor for Gradient Boosting Regressor? -- (scikit learn prediction gbm representation natural gradient boosting)
<p>I would like to train my datasets in <code>scikit-learn</code> but export the final Gradient Boosting Regressor elsewhere so that I can make predictions directly on a... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,049 | Why decreasing the number of convolutional layers inside a CNN increases the number of parameters? | <p>I am building a CNN from scratch, and I am trying to change the number of convolutional layers to see what happens.</p>
<p>I have noticed that <strong>decreasing the number of convolutional layers increases the number of parameters</strong>.</p>
<p>This fact really surprised me, since I was expecting to see ... | machine learning neural network cnn | 1 | Why decreasing the number of convolutional layers inside a CNN increases the number of parameters? -- (machine learning neural network cnn)
<p>I am building a CNN from scratch, and I am trying to change the number of convolutional layers to see what happens.</p>
<p>I have noticed that <strong>decreasing the number ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,054 | Lower training accuracy than testing accuracy (MLP/Dropout) | <p>I am working on a problem of multi-class classification by MLP. I have set <code>dropout</code> to each middle layer. Now I observe the training accuracy is around 10% less than the testing accuracy.</p>
<p>My guess is, <code>dropout</code> is active only during training but inactive during testing. So part of t... | accuracy mlp dropout | 1 | Lower training accuracy than testing accuracy (MLP/Dropout) -- (accuracy mlp dropout)
<p>I am working on a problem of multi-class classification by MLP. I have set <code>dropout</code> to each middle layer. Now I observe the training accuracy is around 10% less than the testing accuracy.</p>
<p>My guess is, <code>d... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,058 | which script can be used to finetune BERT fro squad question answering in hugging face library | <p>I have gone through lot of blogs which talk about <code>run_squad.py</code> script from hugging face, but I could not find it in the latest repo. So, which script has to be used now for fine tuning?</p>
 | question answering huggingface | 1 | which script can be used to finetune BERT fro squad question answering in hugging face library -- (question answering huggingface)
<p>I have gone through lot of blogs which talk about <code>run_squad.py</code> script from hugging face, but I could not find it in the latest repo. So, which script has to be used now for ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,091 | Order of hyperparamater tunning | <p>I'm trying to do hyperparameter tunning for random forest regression model.
My question is- is there any order I should do it? like starting with specific parameter and then move on on the other? should I check the model each time with one paramter only or for each parameter i'm checking I should add the ones ... | regression random forest hyperparameter tuning | 1 | Order of hyperparamater tunning -- (regression random forest hyperparameter tuning)
<p>I'm trying to do hyperparameter tunning for random forest regression model.
My question is- is there any order I should do it? like starting with specific parameter and then move on on the other? should I check the model each ti... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,100 | Understanding projection layer for BLSTM | <p>In many research papers there are 'projection layers' related to BLSTM layers. For example, from <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1808.02608.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">here</a>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>"we trained an 8-layer BLSTM encoder including 320 cells in each layer
and direction, and the linear... | deep learning lstm rnn | 1 | Understanding projection layer for BLSTM -- (deep learning lstm rnn)
<p>In many research papers there are 'projection layers' related to BLSTM layers. For example, from <a href="https://arxiv.org/pdf/1808.02608.pdf" rel="nofollow noreferrer">here</a>:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>"we trained an 8-layer BLSTM encode... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,109 | What is the meaning of pct_trend_adjusted in FiveThirtyEight's polling data? | <p>I'm working on polling data from <a href="https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2020-primary-data/pres_primary_avgs_2020.csv" rel="nofollow noreferrer">fivethirtyeight</a>. What is the meaning of the <strong>pct_trend_adjusted</strong> column here? I understand that <code>pct</code> stands for percentage, but I don't... | dataset | 1 | What is the meaning of pct_trend_adjusted in FiveThirtyEight's polling data? -- (dataset)
<p>I'm working on polling data from <a href="https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2020-primary-data/pres_primary_avgs_2020.csv" rel="nofollow noreferrer">fivethirtyeight</a>. What is the meaning of the <strong>pct_trend_adjusted</... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,121 | What quantile is used for the initial DummyRegressor for Gradient Boosting Regressor in scikit-learn? | <p>According to the <a href="https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.ensemble.GradientBoostingRegressor.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">documentation</a> of Scikit-Learn Gradient Boosting Regressor:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>init: estimator or ‘zero’, default=None: An estimator object that is used t... | scikit learn regression loss function gbm | 1 | What quantile is used for the initial DummyRegressor for Gradient Boosting Regressor in scikit-learn? -- (scikit learn regression loss function gbm)
<p>According to the <a href="https://scikit-learn.org/stable/modules/generated/sklearn.ensemble.GradientBoostingRegressor.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">documentation</a>... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,122 | How to obtain the final values of a DecisionTreeRegressor in Scikit-Learn? | <p><a href="https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/tree/plot_unveil_tree_structure.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-tree-plot-unveil-tree-structure-py" rel="nofollow noreferrer">This page</a> shows the paths in the decision trees in <code>scikit-learn</code>. After reaching the leaf nodes of the decision tree, where ... | scikit learn regression decision trees | 1 | How to obtain the final values of a DecisionTreeRegressor in Scikit-Learn? -- (scikit learn regression decision trees)
<p><a href="https://scikit-learn.org/stable/auto_examples/tree/plot_unveil_tree_structure.html#sphx-glr-auto-examples-tree-plot-unveil-tree-structure-py" rel="nofollow noreferrer">This page</a> shows t... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,135 | ValueError: y should be a 1d array, got an array of shape (1045, 5) instead | <p>I have just started Python and working on training models. The task that I have been assigned is to train a dataset named "austin_Weather"</p>
<p><strong><a href="https://imgur.com/pYPmGUS" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Original Dataset</a></strong></p>
<p><strong><a href="https://imgur.com/gqIRtzq" re... | machine learning deep learning naive bayes classifier jupyter | 1 | ValueError: y should be a 1d array, got an array of shape (1045, 5) instead -- (machine learning deep learning naive bayes classifier jupyter)
<p>I have just started Python and working on training models. The task that I have been assigned is to train a dataset named "austin_Weather"</p>
<p><strong><a hre... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,140 | Is it advisable to merge similar datasets to improve model accuracy? | <p>I'm trying to build a classifier that would help me classify whether a statement collected from Reddit is bullish, bearish or neutral.</p>
<p>To this end, I have hand-labelled a fairly small dataset of 2500 entries, each with max 280 characters. Unfortunately, the data is unbalanced (60% neutral, 25% bullish and... | classification nlp class imbalance | 1 | Is it advisable to merge similar datasets to improve model accuracy? -- (classification nlp class imbalance)
<p>I'm trying to build a classifier that would help me classify whether a statement collected from Reddit is bullish, bearish or neutral.</p>
<p>To this end, I have hand-labelled a fairly small dataset of 25... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,142 | Does shuffling the training data matter in a K Nearest Neighbors Classifier model? | <p>I am new to machine learning and I have a couple of questions about a project.</p>
<p>So, I created a classifier using the MNIST data set for a ML project that I was working on. I augmented the data by shifting each original point 2 pixels up, down, left, and right (so I have 240,0000 new images in addition to t... | machine learning python data machine learning model k nn | 1 | Does shuffling the training data matter in a K Nearest Neighbors Classifier model? -- (machine learning python data machine learning model k nn)
<p>I am new to machine learning and I have a couple of questions about a project.</p>
<p>So, I created a classifier using the MNIST data set for a ML project that I was wo... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,146 | high accuracy on non trained class in tensorflow model | <p>I have trained a 4 multi-class (apple_nature, apple_disease, apple_blacrot, apple_healthy) image classification algorithm using TensorFlow. However, after training, we get a good accuracy model.</p>
<p>The problem I am facing is when I predict tomato images it gets high accuracy on apple values, so how can I fix... | keras tensorflow image classification | 1 | high accuracy on non trained class in tensorflow model -- (keras tensorflow image classification)
<p>I have trained a 4 multi-class (apple_nature, apple_disease, apple_blacrot, apple_healthy) image classification algorithm using TensorFlow. However, after training, we get a good accuracy model.</p>
<p>The problem I... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,153 | Identify outliers for annotation in text data | <p>I read the book "Human-in-the-Loop Machine Learning" by Robert (Munro) Monarch about Active Learning. I don't understand the following approach to get a diverse set of items for humans to label:</p>
<blockquote>
<ol>
<li>Take each item in the unlabeled data and count the average number of word ... | machine learning nlp annotation active learning | 1 | Identify outliers for annotation in text data -- (machine learning nlp annotation active learning)
<p>I read the book "Human-in-the-Loop Machine Learning" by Robert (Munro) Monarch about Active Learning. I don't understand the following approach to get a diverse set of items for humans to label:</p>
<bloc... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,156 | Classify tweets by topic | <p>I am approaching machine learning for the first time because of my studies. I have been given a bunch of tweets and the goal is to classify them per topic. I really have no clue on how this should be done. Is there a particular way to follow?</p>
<p>Until now, I have only found topics and was thinking about maki... | machine learning nlp machine learning model text classification topic model | 1 | Classify tweets by topic -- (machine learning nlp machine learning model text classification topic model)
<p>I am approaching machine learning for the first time because of my studies. I have been given a bunch of tweets and the goal is to classify them per topic. I really have no clue on how this should be done. Is th... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,159 | How to fill NaN based on the previous row that contains a specific value | <p>I would like to fill the missing data using the value from the previous trading day of the same stock. In this example, the AAPL stock should be 100.</p>
<p>I've tried with <code>fillna</code> but I am not able to pick a specific row based on the stock.</p>
<p>My data:</p>
<pre><code>date stock p... | python pandas dataframe | 1 | How to fill NaN based on the previous row that contains a specific value -- (python pandas dataframe)
<p>I would like to fill the missing data using the value from the previous trading day of the same stock. In this example, the AAPL stock should be 100.</p>
<p>I've tried with <code>fillna</code> but I am not able ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,185 | Bad results in Logistic Regression from-scratch Python implementation on sample gender data | <p>I am quite a newbie to Machine Learning, now trying to implement from scratch in Python (using numpy) a logistic regression algorithm.</p>
<p>I took the gender/height/weight data from <a href="https://github.com/abhiwalia15/500-Person-Gender-Height-Weight-Body-Mass-Index/blob/master/500_Person_Gender_Height_Weig... | logistic regression numpy | 1 | Bad results in Logistic Regression from-scratch Python implementation on sample gender data -- (logistic regression numpy)
<p>I am quite a newbie to Machine Learning, now trying to implement from scratch in Python (using numpy) a logistic regression algorithm.</p>
<p>I took the gender/height/weight data from <a hre... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,186 | BERT :dropout(): argument 'input' (position 1) must be Tensor, not str | <p>I am new to NLP and would like to build a BERT model for sentiment analysis so I am following <a href="https://curiousily.com/posts/sentiment-analysis-with-bert-and-hugging-face-using-pytorch-and-python/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">this</a> tutorial.</p>
<p>However, I am getting the error below:</p>
<pre><cod... | python deep learning nlp pytorch bert | 1 | BERT :dropout(): argument 'input' (position 1) must be Tensor, not str -- (python deep learning nlp pytorch bert)
<p>I am new to NLP and would like to build a BERT model for sentiment analysis so I am following <a href="https://curiousily.com/posts/sentiment-analysis-with-bert-and-hugging-face-using-pytorch-and-python/... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,193 | PCA, covariance, eigenvector matrix and rotation | <p>I am following the Coursera NLP specialization, and in particular the lab <a href="https://www.coursera.org/learn/classification-vector-spaces-in-nlp/ungradedLab/n1iZS/lab" rel="nofollow noreferrer">"Another explanation about PCA"</a> in Course 1 Week 3.</p>
<p>From the lab, I recovered the following c... | scikit learn correlation pca variance matrix | 1 | PCA, covariance, eigenvector matrix and rotation -- (scikit learn correlation pca variance matrix)
<p>I am following the Coursera NLP specialization, and in particular the lab <a href="https://www.coursera.org/learn/classification-vector-spaces-in-nlp/ungradedLab/n1iZS/lab" rel="nofollow noreferrer">"Another expla... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,195 | What's the difference between data classification and clustering (from a Data point of view) | <p>What are the differences and the similarities between data classification (using dedicated distance-based methods) and data clustering (which has certain defined methods such as <code>k-means</code>)</p>
<p>Is data classification a sub-topic of data clustering ?</p>
 | classification clustering difference | 1 | What's the difference between data classification and clustering (from a Data point of view) -- (classification clustering difference)
<p>What are the differences and the similarities between data classification (using dedicated distance-based methods) and data clustering (which has certain defined methods such as <cod... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,219 | How to apply MultiOutputClassifier to a dataset for Naive-Bayes algorithm | <p>I have a dataset which is as follows, (it's taken from an article online and I have been trying to Naive Bayesian algorithm on it)</p>
<p><strong><a href="https://imgur.com/pYPmGUS" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Original Dataset</a></strong></p>
<p><strong><a href="https://imgur.com/gqIRtzq" rel="nofollow norefe... | machine learning deep learning multilabel classification naive bayes classifier | 1 | How to apply MultiOutputClassifier to a dataset for Naive-Bayes algorithm -- (machine learning deep learning multilabel classification naive bayes classifier)
<p>I have a dataset which is as follows, (it's taken from an article online and I have been trying to Naive Bayesian algorithm on it)</p>
<p><strong><a href=... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,228 | Output of evaluation metric for XGBoost - is it cumulative? | <p>On the 10th boosting round for XGBoost, I get an MAP of 0.32 on the test data. Does that reflect the performance of just that 10th tree? Or the performance of all 10 trees combined that have been created so far?</p>
 | xgboost evaluation boosting | 1 | Output of evaluation metric for XGBoost - is it cumulative? -- (xgboost evaluation boosting)
<p>On the 10th boosting round for XGBoost, I get an MAP of 0.32 on the test data. Does that reflect the performance of just that 10th tree? Or the performance of all 10 trees combined that have been created so far?</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,244 | how to run bert's pretrained model word embeddings faster? | <p>I'm trying to get word embeddings for clinical data using microsoft/pubmedbert.
I have 3.6 million text rows. Converting texts to vectors for 10k rows takes around 30 minutes. So for 3.6 million rows, it would take around - 180 hours(8days approx).</p>
<blockquote>
<p>Is there any method where I can spee... | nlp pandas word embeddings bert | 1 | how to run bert's pretrained model word embeddings faster? -- (nlp pandas word embeddings bert)
<p>I'm trying to get word embeddings for clinical data using microsoft/pubmedbert.
I have 3.6 million text rows. Converting texts to vectors for 10k rows takes around 30 minutes. So for 3.6 million rows, it would take ar... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,247 | How many images can be trained in Google Colab? | <p>I am using the ResNet50 pretrained model to train my images using TensorFlow. I have 70k images and upgraded to Google Colab Pro, but still I am facing a memory error. So how many images I can train in Google Colab? And how much RAM is needed for 70k images?</p>
<p>This is how I labeled and loaded images from th... | keras tensorflow predictive modeling colab google cloud | 1 | How many images can be trained in Google Colab? -- (keras tensorflow predictive modeling colab google cloud)
<p>I am using the ResNet50 pretrained model to train my images using TensorFlow. I have 70k images and upgraded to Google Colab Pro, but still I am facing a memory error. So how many images I can train in Google... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,262 | Segmentation of time series into one-second non-overlapping windows | <p>I need to split the time series dataset (accelerometer values (timestamp, X, Y, Z)) into segments in the form of a one-second window that does not overlap. I am trying to find an example of its implementation, but found nothing. I'm a beginner and don't know how to do this.</p>
 | python time series | 1 | Segmentation of time series into one-second non-overlapping windows -- (python time series)
<p>I need to split the time series dataset (accelerometer values (timestamp, X, Y, Z)) into segments in the form of a one-second window that does not overlap. I am trying to find an example of its implementation, but found nothi... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,266 | Why do machine learning engineers insist on training with more data than validation set? | <p>Among my colleagues I have noticed a curious insistence on training with, say, 70% or 80% of data and validating on the remainder. The reason it is curious to me is the lack of any theoretical reasoning, and it smacks of influence from a five-fold cross-validation habit.</p>
<p>Is there any reason for choosing ... | linear regression training bigdata bayesian validation | 1 | Why do machine learning engineers insist on training with more data than validation set? -- (linear regression training bigdata bayesian validation)
<p>Among my colleagues I have noticed a curious insistence on training with, say, 70% or 80% of data and validating on the remainder. The reason it is curious to me is th... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,274 | Pytorch Luong global attention: what is the shape of the alignment vector supposed to be? | <p>I am looking at the Luong paper on Attention models and global attention. I understand how the alignment vector is computed from a dot product of the encoder hidden state and the decoder hidden state. So that all makes sense.</p>
<p>My question is, what should the dimensions of the alignment score tensor be? If ... | lstm pytorch attention mechanism | 1 | Pytorch Luong global attention: what is the shape of the alignment vector supposed to be? -- (lstm pytorch attention mechanism)
<p>I am looking at the Luong paper on Attention models and global attention. I understand how the alignment vector is computed from a dot product of the encoder hidden state and the decoder hi... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,298 | Recommender/Clustering data to support a hypothesis. Is this a valid use-case for unsupervised ML? | <p>I have a dataset where some items have been labelled (categorized into 4 classes [A,B,C,D]). However, there is a vast majority of the dataset which has not been labelled. My hypothesis is that there are some characteristics which influence which category is applied to each item. Would clustering or maybe even a reco... | clustering recommender system unsupervised learning | 1 | Recommender/Clustering data to support a hypothesis. Is this a valid use-case for unsupervised ML? -- (clustering recommender system unsupervised learning)
<p>I have a dataset where some items have been labelled (categorized into 4 classes [A,B,C,D]). However, there is a vast majority of the dataset which has not been ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,308 | Dropping features after final evaluation on test data | <p>Would you please let me know if I am committing a statistical or machine learning mal-practice in this procedure?</p>
<p>I want to estimate meteorological variable y1 from <span class="math-container">${x_1, ..., x_{10}}$</span> variables. I use data from different weather stations. I keep some weather stations ... | machine learning feature selection random forest overfitting | 1 | Dropping features after final evaluation on test data -- (machine learning feature selection random forest overfitting)
<p>Would you please let me know if I am committing a statistical or machine learning mal-practice in this procedure?</p>
<p>I want to estimate meteorological variable y1 from <span class="math-con... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,317 | Build a corpus for machine translation | <p>I want to train an LSTM with attention for translation between French and a "rare" language. I say rare because it is an african language with less digital content, and especially databases with seq to seq like format. I have found somewhere a dataset, but in terms of quality, both french and native langua... | nlp lstm sequence to sequence corpus | 1 | Build a corpus for machine translation -- (nlp lstm sequence to sequence corpus)
<p>I want to train an LSTM with attention for translation between French and a "rare" language. I say rare because it is an african language with less digital content, and especially databases with seq to seq like format. I have ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,321 | Tweet Classification into topics- What to do with data | <p>Good evening,
First of all, I want to apologize if the title is misleading.
I have a dataset made of around 60000 tweets, their date and time as well as the username. I need to classify them into topics. I am working on topic modelling with LDA getting the right number of topics (I guess) thanks to <a href="... | machine learning nlp r topic model lda | 1 | Tweet Classification into topics- What to do with data -- (machine learning nlp r topic model lda)
<p>Good evening,
First of all, I want to apologize if the title is misleading.
I have a dataset made of around 60000 tweets, their date and time as well as the username. I need to classify them into topics. I am w... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,325 | Is there a difference if input nodes have discrete or range value | <p>If you have some input nodes containing fruit values like {apple=0, pear=1, oranges=2} vs temperature values like {5, 10, 30, 50}.</p>
<p>Is there any difference on how you set up the neural network to learn the output?</p>
<p>I'm guessing on the first case the neural network only learn about the input you u... | machine learning neural network | 1 | Is there a difference if input nodes have discrete or range value -- (machine learning neural network)
<p>If you have some input nodes containing fruit values like {apple=0, pear=1, oranges=2} vs temperature values like {5, 10, 30, 50}.</p>
<p>Is there any difference on how you set up the neural network to learn th... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,341 | How to deal with ternary Output neurons in the Output classification layer of a simple feedforward Neural Net? | <p>I was looking into the multi-label classification on the output layer of a Neural Network.</p>
<p>I have 5 Output Neurons where each Neuron can be 1, 0, or -1. independent of other Neurons.</p>
<p>So for example an Output would look like :</p>
<div class="s-table-container">
<table class="s-table">&#... | machine learning neural network deep learning classification activation function | 1 | How to deal with ternary Output neurons in the Output classification layer of a simple feedforward Neural Net? -- (machine learning neural network deep learning classification activation function)
<p>I was looking into the multi-label classification on the output layer of a Neural Network.</p>
<p>I have 5 Output Ne... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,344 | Interpreting vertical and horizontal parts of ROC curve | <p>It's not clear to me how I can interpret vertical and horizontal parts of the ROC curve. What important information can I gain from this? This is a text from the book "Human-in-the-Loop Machine Learning" by Robert Monarch:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>In this example, we can see that the line of the ROC cur... | machine learning visualization roc | 1 | Interpreting vertical and horizontal parts of ROC curve -- (machine learning visualization roc)
<p>It's not clear to me how I can interpret vertical and horizontal parts of the ROC curve. What important information can I gain from this? This is a text from the book "Human-in-the-Loop Machine Learning" by Robe... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,389 | Inference order in BERT masking task | <p>In BERT, multiple words in a single sentence can be masked at once. Does the model infer all of those words at once or iterate over them in either left to right or some other order?</p>
<p>For example:</p>
<blockquote>
<p>The dog walked in the park.</p>
</blockquote>
<p>Can be masked as</p>
<... | neural network nlp bert transformer language model | 1 | Inference order in BERT masking task -- (neural network nlp bert transformer language model)
<p>In BERT, multiple words in a single sentence can be masked at once. Does the model infer all of those words at once or iterate over them in either left to right or some other order?</p>
<p>For example:</p>
<blockquot... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,391 | Strings/ features in Turicreate decision tree | <p>I am trying to create a prediction model by using a decision tree with Turicreate. While my problem does involve numbers, it also involves strings and ultimately I want it to return the string 'true/false'. Are Turicreate decision trees able to process strings as input and output?</p>
 | decision trees | 1 | Strings/ features in Turicreate decision tree -- (decision trees)
<p>I am trying to create a prediction model by using a decision tree with Turicreate. While my problem does involve numbers, it also involves strings and ultimately I want it to return the string 'true/false'. Are Turicreate decision trees able to proces... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,417 | Which visualization tool should I use? | <p>We consider the below function :</p>
<p><span class="math-container">$f(x,y,z,a) = x*y*z*a$</span>, where <span class="math-container">$x,y \in \mathbb{Q}\cap[0,1000],$</span> <span class="math-container">$ a\in\{2,3\} $</span></p>
<p>and <span class="math-container">$z=z(x)$</span>, taking values from the b... | visualization graphs tableau powerbi | 1 | Which visualization tool should I use? -- (visualization graphs tableau powerbi)
<p>We consider the below function :</p>
<p><span class="math-container">$f(x,y,z,a) = x*y*z*a$</span>, where <span class="math-container">$x,y \in \mathbb{Q}\cap[0,1000],$</span> <span class="math-container">$ a\in\{2,3\} $</span></p>&... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,418 | How to specify a location for text in a graph plotted by Python? | <p>I would like to plot a graph of actual and predicted values with Python after doing a regression. I used the following codes. However, the text "R^2=0.91" is placed on the right hand side and crossing the second Y axis. Is it possible that I change its location? Thanks a lot.</p>
<pre><code>text = 'R^2... | python matplotlib text | 1 | How to specify a location for text in a graph plotted by Python? -- (python matplotlib text)
<p>I would like to plot a graph of actual and predicted values with Python after doing a regression. I used the following codes. However, the text "R^2=0.91" is placed on the right hand side and crossing the second Y ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,422 | Grouping by similarity | <p>I would like to find a way/algorithm to group people into, say, four groups by their answer similarity to yes/no questions.</p>
<p>So, each pair of people in one group would have given the same answers for a big part of the questions – (mostly) bigger than compared to people from the other three groups.</p>
... | clustering | 1 | Grouping by similarity -- (clustering)
<p>I would like to find a way/algorithm to group people into, say, four groups by their answer similarity to yes/no questions.</p>
<p>So, each pair of people in one group would have given the same answers for a big part of the questions – (mostly) bigger than compared to peopl... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,437 | Why the Silhouette Score and optimal number of Cluster changes when using 2D and 3D data? | <p>I am experimenting with Kmeans clustering. My data (vectors) was in 300 dimensions which I am converting into 2D and 3D using PCA. Now, to find the optimal number of clusters, I used the Silhouette score. However, for 2D the best Silhouette score is showing for 3 clusters (silhouette score = 0.45), and for 3D it is ... | clustering k means python 3.x seaborn | 1 | Why the Silhouette Score and optimal number of Cluster changes when using 2D and 3D data? -- (clustering k means python 3.x seaborn)
<p>I am experimenting with Kmeans clustering. My data (vectors) was in 300 dimensions which I am converting into 2D and 3D using PCA. Now, to find the optimal number of clusters, I used t... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,438 | Can I pass path to a dataset in train_test_split | <p>My Directory</p>
<pre><code>C:
--Dataset
 --image1.png
 --image2.png
 --image3.png
 --image4.png
 --image5.png

lst = [C:\Dataset\image1.png, C:\Dataset\image2.png, C:\Dataset\image3.png ...] 
</code></pre>
<p>Can I pass this list to train_test_split instead of loadin... | scikit learn dataset | 1 | Can I pass path to a dataset in train_test_split -- (scikit learn dataset)
<p>My Directory</p>
<pre><code>C:
--Dataset
 --image1.png
 --image2.png
 --image3.png
 --image4.png
 --image5.png

lst = [C:\Dataset\image1.png, C:\Dataset\image2.png, C:\Dataset\image3.png ...] 
</co... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,442 | Optimal selection of k in K-NN | <p>I am currently reviewing some concepts related to Machine Learning, and I started to wonder about the hyperparameter selection of K-NN classifier.</p>
<p>Suppose you need to solve a classification task with a number of classes equal to M: I was thinking that the best choice for the parameter K of our classifier ... | machine learning hyperparameter tuning k nn | 1 | Optimal selection of k in K-NN -- (machine learning hyperparameter tuning k nn)
<p>I am currently reviewing some concepts related to Machine Learning, and I started to wonder about the hyperparameter selection of K-NN classifier.</p>
<p>Suppose you need to solve a classification task with a number of classes equal ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,464 | Classic sport match prediction | <p>So, I am currently learning machine learning and data analysis. I have created for my self a problem that is:</p>
<p><strong>Who will win a match of soccer</strong></p>
<p>Now, I have narrowed it down as being a <code>Binary Classification problem</code> as I only want to figure out who will be the winner of... | classification data analysis | 1 | Classic sport match prediction -- (classification data analysis)
<p>So, I am currently learning machine learning and data analysis. I have created for my self a problem that is:</p>
<p><strong>Who will win a match of soccer</strong></p>
<p>Now, I have narrowed it down as being a <code>Binary Classification prob... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,470 | NGBoost and overfit - which model is used? | <p>While training an NGBoost model I got:</p>
<pre><code>[iter 0] loss=-2.2911 val_loss=-2.3309 scale=2.0000 norm=1.0976

[iter 100] loss=-3.3288 val_loss=-2.8532 scale=2.0000 norm=0.7841

[iter 200] loss=-4.0889 val_loss=-1.5779 scale=2.0000 norm=0.7544

[iter 300] loss=-4.8400 val_loss=8.8... | overfitting early stopping ngboost | 1 | NGBoost and overfit - which model is used? -- (overfitting early stopping ngboost)
<p>While training an NGBoost model I got:</p>
<pre><code>[iter 0] loss=-2.2911 val_loss=-2.3309 scale=2.0000 norm=1.0976

[iter 100] loss=-3.3288 val_loss=-2.8532 scale=2.0000 norm=0.7841

[iter 200] loss=-4.0889 val_... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,478 | How to version data science projects with large files | <p>I am working on a project with large data files (~300MB). I want to version my work along with the data files so that it is always available online. I tried using git-lfs but it has a 1GB/month bandwidth limit, beyond which you're blocked for a month.</p>
<p>What are versioning tools using by data scientists for... | version control | 1 | How to version data science projects with large files -- (version control)
<p>I am working on a project with large data files (~300MB). I want to version my work along with the data files so that it is always available online. I tried using git-lfs but it has a 1GB/month bandwidth limit, beyond which you're blocked for... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,500 | How to interpret results of a Clustering Heart Failure Dataset? | <p>I am doing an analysis about this dataset: <a href="https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Heart+failure+clinical+records" rel="nofollow noreferrer">click</a></p>
<p>In this dataset there are 13 features, 12 of input and 1 is the target variable, called "DEATH_EVENT". I tried to predict the survival o... | python clustering k means | 1 | How to interpret results of a Clustering Heart Failure Dataset? -- (python clustering k means)
<p>I am doing an analysis about this dataset: <a href="https://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml/datasets/Heart+failure+clinical+records" rel="nofollow noreferrer">click</a></p>
<p>In this dataset there are 13 features, 12 of input ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,526 | Feature importance difference in two similar machine learning models | <p><strong>Situation 1:</strong></p>
<p>I have trained a text classification model (Model 1) which gives me a probability of true class as X. I have also trained a classification model (Model 2) using only the categorical and numeric data. Both the models are used to predict the same true class; just the features d... | machine learning random forest xgboost features stacking | 1 | Feature importance difference in two similar machine learning models -- (machine learning random forest xgboost features stacking)
<p><strong>Situation 1:</strong></p>
<p>I have trained a text classification model (Model 1) which gives me a probability of true class as X. I have also trained a classification model ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,540 | What is the more natural parsing, the one that leads to the preferred reading of the sentence | <p>I have those rules:
<a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/jKfG2.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/jKfG2.png" alt="enter image description here" /></a></p>
<p>and those two possible parse trees:</p>
<p><a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/gxHgF.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><i... | nlp nltk stanford nlp | 1 | What is the more natural parsing, the one that leads to the preferred reading of the sentence -- (nlp nltk stanford nlp)
<p>I have those rules:
<a href="https://i.stack.imgur.com/jKfG2.png" rel="nofollow noreferrer"><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/jKfG2.png" alt="enter image description here" /></a></p>
<p>... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,541 | What is the best approach for detecting the defect? | <p>Assuming that we have 10 same objects, they are lined up and equidistant. If any of them is rotated a very small angle(5 - 10deg), what is best method to detect them? I am using a camera to capture the image. I want to divide the image into 10 parts and then feed each part into CNN model to classify the defect. Is t... | machine learning computer vision | 1 | What is the best approach for detecting the defect? -- (machine learning computer vision)
<p>Assuming that we have 10 same objects, they are lined up and equidistant. If any of them is rotated a very small angle(5 - 10deg), what is best method to detect them? I am using a camera to capture the image. I want to divide t... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87,542 | OneHotEncoding target variable? | <p>I'm working on a multiclass classifier with 6 classes on the target column and I was thinking about Hot Encoding the classes, thus having 6 target columns. Will this improve efficiency? I am using <code>sklearn</code>.</p>
<p>L.E: improve efficiency compared to just label encode</p>
 | machine learning multiclass classification one hot encoding | 1 | OneHotEncoding target variable? -- (machine learning multiclass classification one hot encoding)
<p>I'm working on a multiclass classifier with 6 classes on the target column and I was thinking about Hot Encoding the classes, thus having 6 target columns. Will this improve efficiency? I am using <code>sklearn</code>.</... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.