id int64 1 141k | title stringlengths 15 150 | body stringlengths 45 28.5k | tags stringlengths 1 102 | label int64 1 1 | text stringlengths 128 28.6k | source stringclasses 1
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6 | What are the advantages/disadvantages of a mandatory voting system? | <p>Living in a country where mandatory voting exists and experiencing the results in another without mandatory, I'm wondering:</p>

<p>What are the advantages and disadvantages of mandatory voting?</p>
 | voting voting systems | 1 | What are the advantages/disadvantages of a mandatory voting system? -- (voting voting systems)
<p>Living in a country where mandatory voting exists and experiencing the results in another without mandatory, I'm wondering:</p>

<p>What are the advantages and disadvantages of mandatory voting?</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
7 | What is meant by the "left" and the "right"? | <p>When discussing political issues and parties, I often hear mention of a party being "left", "centre-left", "right" or "extreme right". In broad terms, what do these designations mean?</p>
 | parties terminology policy | 1 | What is meant by the "left" and the "right"? -- (parties terminology policy)
<p>When discussing political issues and parties, I often hear mention of a party being "left", "centre-left", "right" or "extreme right". In broad terms, what do these designations mean?</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
9 | How do instant runoffs work? | <p>I've read that some elections have instant runoffs. What are they and how do they work? How do they differ from a standard majority vote election?</p>
 | election voting voting systems | 1 | How do instant runoffs work? -- (election voting voting systems)
<p>I've read that some elections have instant runoffs. What are they and how do they work? How do they differ from a standard majority vote election?</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
12 | How does direct democracy compare to representative democracy? | <p>Back in the olden days of Greece, direct democracy was practiced. All citizens could vote directly on every issue decided by the state. This is significantly different to the representative democracy practiced in almost all democratic countries today, whereby the people elect a much smaller group of representative... | democracy government form of government direct democracy | 1 | How does direct democracy compare to representative democracy? -- (democracy government form of government direct democracy)
<p>Back in the olden days of Greece, direct democracy was practiced. All citizens could vote directly on every issue decided by the state. This is significantly different to the representative ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
15 | Why is the French democracy not using proportional representation for election of the assembly? | <p>Proportional representation was used during the French Fourth Republic, while other kinds of voting systems were preferred during the French Third Republic and the French Fifth Republic (with an exception between 1986 and 1987). Some political parties argue proportional representation is the only truly democratic vo... | voting systems france | 1 | Why is the French democracy not using proportional representation for election of the assembly? -- (voting systems france)
<p>Proportional representation was used during the French Fourth Republic, while other kinds of voting systems were preferred during the French Third Republic and the French Fifth Republic (with an... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
16 | What are the consequences of recalling ambassadors? | <p>Two days ago there were rumors Britain and France <a href="http://www.alternet.org/speakeasy/tikkundaily/first-time-britain-and-france-may-recall-ambassadors-israel-protest-settlement">may recall their ambassadors from Israel</a>. Why is that a political action? Wouldn’t that rather harm the citizens of these countr... | united kingdom france israel | 1 | What are the consequences of recalling ambassadors? -- (united kingdom france israel)
<p>Two days ago there were rumors Britain and France <a href="http://www.alternet.org/speakeasy/tikkundaily/first-time-britain-and-france-may-recall-ambassadors-israel-protest-settlement">may recall their ambassadors from Israel</a>. ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
20 | How does Single Transferable Vote work? | <p>I've heard that some elections use single transferable vote. What is this and how does it work? How does it differ from a standard majority vote election?</p>
 | voting systems summary request | 1 | How does Single Transferable Vote work? -- (voting systems summary request)
<p>I've heard that some elections use single transferable vote. What is this and how does it work? How does it differ from a standard majority vote election?</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
24 | Is it possible to implement an electronic voting system which is as secure as pen-and-paper voting? | <p>There is ongoing criticism of voting machines, due to the ease of manipulating the outcome of a vote that is counted digitally. I have heard the opinion that every computer-implemented voting procedure, including electronic voting via the internet, is <em>in principle</em> more susceptible to manipulation than tradi... | voting voting systems democracy electronic voting | 1 | Is it possible to implement an electronic voting system which is as secure as pen-and-paper voting? -- (voting voting systems democracy electronic voting)
<p>There is ongoing criticism of voting machines, due to the ease of manipulating the outcome of a vote that is counted digitally. I have heard the opinion that ever... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
31 | How can a small poll accurately model an election? | <p>How can a pollster model or predict the outcome of an election in a large, demographically diverse populace with relatively small (one or two thousand people) sample sizes? Are people that predictable, statistically speaking?</p>
 | election polling | 1 | How can a small poll accurately model an election? -- (election polling)
<p>How can a pollster model or predict the outcome of an election in a large, demographically diverse populace with relatively small (one or two thousand people) sample sizes? Are people that predictable, statistically speaking?</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
33 | Who was the last US President to oversee a reduction in debt? | <p>As of 2012, the United States currently has ~16 trillion in debt. </p>

<p>The last five presidents have all added to the overall debt*. </p>

<p>Who is the last US president to decrease the total amount of debt owed by the Federal government?</p>

<hr>

<p>*(Including Bill Clinton; ... | united states president economy debt policy | 1 | Who was the last US President to oversee a reduction in debt? -- (united states president economy debt policy)
<p>As of 2012, the United States currently has ~16 trillion in debt. </p>

<p>The last five presidents have all added to the overall debt*. </p>

<p>Who is the last US president to decrease th... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
35 | Why is the UK Administration not separate from the house? | <p>In the UK, the lower house of parliament is also in charge of governmental bodies, as <a href="http://www.parliament.uk/mps-lords-and-offices/government-and-opposition1/her-majestys-government/" rel="nofollow">this web page shows</a>.</p>

<p>Why is the UK Government/Administration and House all rolled into ... | united kingdom | 1 | Why is the UK Administration not separate from the house? -- (united kingdom)
<p>In the UK, the lower house of parliament is also in charge of governmental bodies, as <a href="http://www.parliament.uk/mps-lords-and-offices/government-and-opposition1/her-majestys-government/" rel="nofollow">this web page shows</a>.</p>&... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
36 | Why does the US Congress have two chambers? | <p>Why does the US have separate houses (House of Representatives and Senate) to form Congress?</p>

<p>Put another way, what is the reasoning behind a bicameral legislature in the USA?</p>
 | united states congress | 1 | Why does the US Congress have two chambers? -- (united states congress)
<p>Why does the US have separate houses (House of Representatives and Senate) to form Congress?</p>

<p>Put another way, what is the reasoning behind a bicameral legislature in the USA?</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
42 | What are the practical implications of Palestine's new observer-state status in the United Nations? | <p>Recently, The United Nations granted Palestine observer status. What, if anything, does this enable Palestine to do that they couldn't do before, or is the gesture simply a symbolic step? </p>
 | united nations | 1 | What are the practical implications of Palestine's new observer-state status in the United Nations? -- (united nations)
<p>Recently, The United Nations granted Palestine observer status. What, if anything, does this enable Palestine to do that they couldn't do before, or is the gesture simply a symbolic step? </p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
47 | What are the advantages/disadvantages of fixed-term elections? | <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-term_election">Fixed-term elections</a> are those whose date can not be set by politicians. The US presidential election is perhaps the most prominent example of this. There are also elections, such as that for the Australian House of Representatives, which have a date eff... | election | 1 | What are the advantages/disadvantages of fixed-term elections? -- (election)
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fixed-term_election">Fixed-term elections</a> are those whose date can not be set by politicians. The US presidential election is perhaps the most prominent example of this. There are also elections, su... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
49 | Has range voting been successfully implemented anywhere? | <p>To improve upon traditional democracy, various alternatives to the normal up down voting have been put forth such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_voting">range voting</a>. (Range voting is a voting method for one-seat elections under which voters score each candidate, the scores are added up, and the... | voting systems democracy range voting | 1 | Has range voting been successfully implemented anywhere? -- (voting systems democracy range voting)
<p>To improve upon traditional democracy, various alternatives to the normal up down voting have been put forth such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_voting">range voting</a>. (Range voting is a voting met... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
50 | What reforms have successfully avoided the issues of Gerrymandering? | <p>In democracies like the United States, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerrymandering" rel="noreferrer">Gerrymandering</a> to construct districts with artificial boundaries such that incumbents and their parties are favored to win has been a long standing issue. While technically <a href="https://politics.stac... | democracy gerrymandering redistricting | 1 | What reforms have successfully avoided the issues of Gerrymandering? -- (democracy gerrymandering redistricting)
<p>In democracies like the United States, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerrymandering" rel="noreferrer">Gerrymandering</a> to construct districts with artificial boundaries such that incumbents and ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
52 | Which countries outside of the U.S. already have Freedom of Information laws? | <p>Given that the U.S. has a history of Freedom of Information laws nationwide as well as statewide, I was wondering whether you could answer which other countries already have similar laws. Those can range from simple freedom of information laws to full transparency laws (e.g. Hamburg, Germany)</p>

<p>At the ... | law transparency | 1 | Which countries outside of the U.S. already have Freedom of Information laws? -- (law transparency)
<p>Given that the U.S. has a history of Freedom of Information laws nationwide as well as statewide, I was wondering whether you could answer which other countries already have similar laws. Those can range from simple f... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
63 | What is the "Fiscal Cliff" in the United States? | <p>I've heard a ton of information on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_fiscal_cliff" rel="noreferrer">Fiscal Cliff of 2013</a>, and I was wondering what it is, and how it will affect the country?</p>
 | law united states | 1 | What is the "Fiscal Cliff" in the United States? -- (law united states)
<p>I've heard a ton of information on the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_fiscal_cliff" rel="noreferrer">Fiscal Cliff of 2013</a>, and I was wondering what it is, and how it will affect the country?</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
64 | What inhibits a winning candidate from doing exactly the opposite of what he promised? | <p>In theory <strong>the citizens</strong> vote for <strong>candidate X</strong> because they share his/her electoral offers or promises, but sometimes those candidates don't do what they said. So my question is:</p>

<ul>
<li>What prevents a winning candidate to do exactly the opposite of what he said duri... | democracy election polling | 1 | What inhibits a winning candidate from doing exactly the opposite of what he promised? -- (democracy election polling)
<p>In theory <strong>the citizens</strong> vote for <strong>candidate X</strong> because they share his/her electoral offers or promises, but sometimes those candidates don't do what they said. So my q... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
67 | Why and how is the Vice President elected in U.S? | <ol>
<li><p>Why is the Vice President elected in the US? Why isn't he chosen by the President like any other secretary? Is there any important reason why the writers of the Constitution made that choice?</p></li>
<li><p>How is the Vice President elected in the actual bi-party system? Is possible to have a VP fr... | democracy election united states president | 1 | Why and how is the Vice President elected in U.S? -- (democracy election united states president)
<ol>
<li><p>Why is the Vice President elected in the US? Why isn't he chosen by the President like any other secretary? Is there any important reason why the writers of the Constitution made that choice?</p></li>
<... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
71 | What is the difference between parliamentary and presidential governments? | <p>What are the main differences between the parliamentary system of government versus the presidential system? For example, Germany's parliamentary system versus Mexico's presidential system. I'm particularly interested in the pros and cons of each.</p>
 | democracy president parliament | 1 | What is the difference between parliamentary and presidential governments? -- (democracy president parliament)
<p>What are the main differences between the parliamentary system of government versus the presidential system? For example, Germany's parliamentary system versus Mexico's presidential system. I'm particularly... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
75 | Why do the supreme court justices have a life term period? | <p>The justices of the Supreme Court of the United States is composed by chief justices which have a life-term period on that position after they are "elected".</p>

<p>I have always asked to myself why some positions are by life-term, is there any reason like avoid corruption? </p>
 | united states constitution supreme court | 1 | Why do the supreme court justices have a life term period? -- (united states constitution supreme court)
<p>The justices of the Supreme Court of the United States is composed by chief justices which have a life-term period on that position after they are "elected".</p>

<p>I have always asked to myself why some... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
79 | In the Electoral College, why can electors vote in contrast to their pledge ('faithless')? | <p>The United States uses an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_College_%28United_States%29">Electoral College</a> system, where electors pledge to cast their vote in a particular way. However, these electors have the ability to vote in a manner that directly contradicts their pledge.</p>

<p>What ... | united states electoral college faithless elector | 1 | In the Electoral College, why can electors vote in contrast to their pledge ('faithless')? -- (united states electoral college faithless elector)
<p>The United States uses an <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral_College_%28United_States%29">Electoral College</a> system, where electors pledge to cast their vo... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
80 | What criteria does a US Presidential candidate need to meet in order to appear on the ballot? | <p>The eligibility requirements to run for the office of President are:</p>

<ul>
<li>You must be a native born citizen</li>
<li>You must be at least 35 years of age</li>
<li>You must have lived in the US for at least 14 years (consecutive or otherwise)</li>
</ul>

<p>Once a candidate en... | election united states election requirements | 1 | What criteria does a US Presidential candidate need to meet in order to appear on the ballot? -- (election united states election requirements)
<p>The eligibility requirements to run for the office of President are:</p>

<ul>
<li>You must be a native born citizen</li>
<li>You must be at least 35 years o... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
87 | What are typical consequences for a political party of losing an independence referendum? | <p>The signature policy of the devolved Scottish government's ruling party (the Scottish National Party) is that Scotland should be an independent state, separate from the United Kingdom. To that end, Scotland is gearing up for a referendum on independence, to be held in 2014.</p>

<p>Opinion polls <a href="htt... | referendum independence | 1 | What are typical consequences for a political party of losing an independence referendum? -- (referendum independence)
<p>The signature policy of the devolved Scottish government's ruling party (the Scottish National Party) is that Scotland should be an independent state, separate from the United Kingdom. To that end, ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
88 | How does early voting work, and what are the pros and cons? | <p>During the last American presidential election, it seemed to me like early voting was getting more attention than in previous campaigns. The Democratic candidate, Barack Obama, even voted early himself (<a href="http://www.reuters.nl/article/2012/10/25/us-usa-campaign-vote-idUSBRE89O1QF20121025">which is a first eve... | voting election president | 1 | How does early voting work, and what are the pros and cons? -- (voting election president)
<p>During the last American presidential election, it seemed to me like early voting was getting more attention than in previous campaigns. The Democratic candidate, Barack Obama, even voted early himself (<a href="http://www.reu... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
95 | How is corruption measured? | <p>The <a href="http://www.transparency.org/cpi2012/results">2012 Corruption Perceptions Index</a> was just published and according to it, Greece has the dubious honour of being the <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-20605869">most corrupted member of the European Union</a>. </p>

<p>Naturally this stu... | corruption statistics | 1 | How is corruption measured? -- (corruption statistics)
<p>The <a href="http://www.transparency.org/cpi2012/results">2012 Corruption Perceptions Index</a> was just published and according to it, Greece has the dubious honour of being the <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-20605869">most corrupted member of the ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
97 | What are the conditions and benefits of U.S. insular properties like Puerto Rico? | <p>I always wanted to know which is the legal status of the associated states of United States like Puerto Rico.</p>

<ol>
<li>Who is the state head, of this kind of territory? </li>
<li>Why can't they vote for the United States President inside of their territory?</li>
<li>How is their budget assig... | united states democracy federalism territory puerto rico | 1 | What are the conditions and benefits of U.S. insular properties like Puerto Rico? -- (united states democracy federalism territory puerto rico)
<p>I always wanted to know which is the legal status of the associated states of United States like Puerto Rico.</p>

<ol>
<li>Who is the state head, of this kind o... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
101 | How do independents choose a party to caucus with? | <p>I know that several independents in the US Senate (ie. Bernie Sanders) caucus with the Democrats. Officially, what does that mean? How do independents choose whom to caucus with (both ideologically and technically)? How is that different from them joining the party in question?</p>
 | united states parties congress | 1 | How do independents choose a party to caucus with? -- (united states parties congress)
<p>I know that several independents in the US Senate (ie. Bernie Sanders) caucus with the Democrats. Officially, what does that mean? How do independents choose whom to caucus with (both ideologically and technically)? How is that di... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
102 | What are the minimum requirements for a system to be called democratic? | <p>I think the title is very clear, but I'll complete the question below:</p>

<ol>
<li><p>What are the minimum requirements needed for a system to be called democratic?</p></li>
<li><p>Is holding elections every <em>n</em> years enough, or there are deeper requirements?</p></li>
</ol>

<p>I... | democracy election | 1 | What are the minimum requirements for a system to be called democratic? -- (democracy election)
<p>I think the title is very clear, but I'll complete the question below:</p>

<ol>
<li><p>What are the minimum requirements needed for a system to be called democratic?</p></li>
<li><p>Is holding elections e... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
109 | Constitutionality of the Income Tax | <p>There is a growing movement in the United States of Americans that call into question the constitutionality of the Federal Income tax in the modern age.</p>

<p>Understanding that the income tax first came into being to help fund the military in war time, the fact that the tax continued into peace time and h... | united states constitution supreme court | 1 | Constitutionality of the Income Tax -- (united states constitution supreme court)
<p>There is a growing movement in the United States of Americans that call into question the constitutionality of the Federal Income tax in the modern age.</p>

<p>Understanding that the income tax first came into being to help fu... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
111 | In the U.S., how can the filibuster be invoked without continued speeches? | <p>In the U.S. Senate, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filibuster">filibuster</a> allows a single senator to effectively block a vote by way of the senate rules that allow for unlimited debate, but now, the senate rules have somehow been modified so that to invoke filibuster you don't even need to actually ha... | united states senate filibuster senate rules | 1 | In the U.S., how can the filibuster be invoked without continued speeches? -- (united states senate filibuster senate rules)
<p>In the U.S. Senate, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filibuster">filibuster</a> allows a single senator to effectively block a vote by way of the senate rules that allow for unlimited... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
112 | In the U.S., why does the majority party in a new Senate session always approve the filibuster rule? | <p>In the U.S. Senate, the Senate rules apparently do not apply to the first day of a new Senate session until the rules are voted in by a simple majority.</p>

<p>Given this, and that the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filibuster">filibuster</a> comes from these Senate rules, why would the majority part... | united states senate filibuster senate rules | 1 | In the U.S., why does the majority party in a new Senate session always approve the filibuster rule? -- (united states senate filibuster senate rules)
<p>In the U.S. Senate, the Senate rules apparently do not apply to the first day of a new Senate session until the rules are voted in by a simple majority.</p>

... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
118 | What are the roles of the two Houses of Parliament in the UK? | <p>Why does the UK have two Houses of Parliament - the House of Commons and the House of Lords - and what are the main roles of each?</p>
 | united kingdom parliament bicameral | 1 | What are the roles of the two Houses of Parliament in the UK? -- (united kingdom parliament bicameral)
<p>Why does the UK have two Houses of Parliament - the House of Commons and the House of Lords - and what are the main roles of each?</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
123 | Why does Cuba have two presidents? | <p>I can see that Cuba has its own parliament system - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_of_People%27s_Power" rel="nofollow">National Assembly of People's Power</a>.</p>

<p>However, Wikipedia says <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_Alarc%C3%B3n_de_Quesada" rel="nofollow">Ricard... | parliament policy head of state cuba | 1 | Why does Cuba have two presidents? -- (parliament policy head of state cuba)
<p>I can see that Cuba has its own parliament system - <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Assembly_of_People%27s_Power" rel="nofollow">National Assembly of People's Power</a>.</p>

<p>However, Wikipedia says <a href="http:/... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
125 | Has the FairTax ever been implemented anywhere on any scale? | <p>The <a href="http://www.fairtax.org/">FairTax</a> is really a set of proposals through which all federal taxes are eliminated and a federal sales tax is implemented. In addition to this, a prebate is given based on the poverty level so that in effect no one pays sales taxes on basic necessities.</p>

<p>Has ... | taxes | 1 | Has the FairTax ever been implemented anywhere on any scale? -- (taxes)
<p>The <a href="http://www.fairtax.org/">FairTax</a> is really a set of proposals through which all federal taxes are eliminated and a federal sales tax is implemented. In addition to this, a prebate is given based on the poverty level so that in e... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
129 | What is the constitutional status of military bases? | <p>Does the United States Constitution have any amendments related to foreign bases? Technically foreign bases aren't U.S. territory, but they must have some laws.</p>
 | united states law constitution government | 1 | What is the constitutional status of military bases? -- (united states law constitution government)
<p>Does the United States Constitution have any amendments related to foreign bases? Technically foreign bases aren't U.S. territory, but they must have some laws.</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
134 | What are commonly cited pros and cons of central bank independence? | <p>Googling <em><a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=central+bank+independence" rel="nofollow">central bank independence</a></em> brings up a number of articles discussing central bank independence.</p>

<p>In summary and in layman's terms, why would it be advantageous for a central bank to be politically i... | central bank separation of powers | 1 | What are commonly cited pros and cons of central bank independence? -- (central bank separation of powers)
<p>Googling <em><a href="https://www.google.com/search?q=central+bank+independence" rel="nofollow">central bank independence</a></em> brings up a number of articles discussing central bank independence.</p>
&#... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
135 | Why is economic growth considered so essential, even in rich countries? | <p>Whenever economic growth as a percentage of GDP drops close to zero, economists speak of a recession or even a crisis. In political debate, the focus is quite often on economic growth; in most democracies, leading parties are more likely to win elections if the economy is growing and opposition parties are more like... | economy indicators | 1 | Why is economic growth considered so essential, even in rich countries? -- (economy indicators)
<p>Whenever economic growth as a percentage of GDP drops close to zero, economists speak of a recession or even a crisis. In political debate, the focus is quite often on economic growth; in most democracies, leading parties... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
138 | Can the Chinese government system be considered a limited form of democracy? | <p>According to Wikipedia the Communist Party of China has over 80 million members. It is about 6% of the population! This is more than the total membership in many (or most) western democracies. I'm interested if there are any studies about the practical implications of such high number of party members. Can the Chine... | democracy parties | 1 | Can the Chinese government system be considered a limited form of democracy? -- (democracy parties)
<p>According to Wikipedia the Communist Party of China has over 80 million members. It is about 6% of the population! This is more than the total membership in many (or most) western democracies. I'm interested if there ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
139 | How would one explain the E.U. to a 5 year-old? | <p>As the European Union is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, it would be interesting to have an explanation of the E.U. which a 5 year-old would understand. Is there anybody who can give such an explanation/description?</p>
 | european union summary request | 1 | How would one explain the E.U. to a 5 year-old? -- (european union summary request)
<p>As the European Union is awarded the Nobel Peace Prize, it would be interesting to have an explanation of the E.U. which a 5 year-old would understand. Is there anybody who can give such an explanation/description?</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
142 | What are the conditions required for a territory to become part of United States? | <p>This question is very related to <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/97/commonwealth-united-states-insular-area-conditions-and-benefits">Commonwealth United States Insular Areas</a>, where I asked in detail about the Puerto Rico (and other areas) situation.</p>

<p>Now I am interested to kn... | united states federalism territory | 1 | What are the conditions required for a territory to become part of United States? -- (united states federalism territory)
<p>This question is very related to <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/97/commonwealth-united-states-insular-area-conditions-and-benefits">Commonwealth United States Insular Areas... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
144 | What would be required for states to split off and become their own nation? | <p>What would need to happen for a state such as California or Texas to split off and form its own independent nation? Who would need to agree and what would need passing (bills etc.)?</p>
 | united states independence | 1 | What would be required for states to split off and become their own nation? -- (united states independence)
<p>What would need to happen for a state such as California or Texas to split off and form its own independent nation? Who would need to agree and what would need passing (bills etc.)?</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
151 | Why was the Electoral College the system selected by the founding fathers? | <p>What advantages did the founding fathers see in electoral college that made them pick it over other potential voting systems?</p>
 | united states election constitution electoral college | 1 | Why was the Electoral College the system selected by the founding fathers? -- (united states election constitution electoral college)
<p>What advantages did the founding fathers see in electoral college that made them pick it over other potential voting systems?</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
152 | May the United States Congress remove any secretary? | <p>Is it possible for a United States Secretary to be removed by the House of Representatives or the Senate?</p>
 | united states | 1 | May the United States Congress remove any secretary? -- (united states)
<p>Is it possible for a United States Secretary to be removed by the House of Representatives or the Senate?</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
156 | Why does the United States have voting districts? | <p>Why do we in the United States have voting districts? Wouldn't it be better to allow people to vote wherever is most convenient and then group relevant votes based on the voters' addresses?</p>

<p>Since we have electronic polls, I don't think it would be too difficult to implement. If security is an issue, ... | election united states voting | 1 | Why does the United States have voting districts? -- (election united states voting)
<p>Why do we in the United States have voting districts? Wouldn't it be better to allow people to vote wherever is most convenient and then group relevant votes based on the voters' addresses?</p>

<p>Since we have electronic p... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
164 | Is there any mechanism in USA to prevent someone from voting by mail AND in person? | <p>Theoretically speaking, there are mechanisms that prevent someone from voting twice (you are only allocated to vote to one polling place based on your residence address, and that polling place has a name list where you sign off that you voted).</p>

<p>Are there any mechanisms in USA in place to prevent a pe... | united states voting voting districts | 1 | Is there any mechanism in USA to prevent someone from voting by mail AND in person? -- (united states voting voting districts)
<p>Theoretically speaking, there are mechanisms that prevent someone from voting twice (you are only allocated to vote to one polling place based on your residence address, and that polling pla... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
167 | Did Plato's The Republic influence any of the 20th century's despotic regimes? | <p>Did Plato's The Republic and the ideas presented in it have any practical influence on any of the 20th century's despotic regimes? The idea of despotism of the wisest, those that know better than the rest of the society, would probably be very appealing to ruling parties. </p>

<p>Karl Popper called the Plat... | political theory ideology | 1 | Did Plato's The Republic influence any of the 20th century's despotic regimes? -- (political theory ideology)
<p>Did Plato's The Republic and the ideas presented in it have any practical influence on any of the 20th century's despotic regimes? The idea of despotism of the wisest, those that know better than the rest of... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
174 | Why don't British kings and queens veto laws? | <p>I've learned from Wikipedia that the British king or queen has the right to veto laws, but they don't use the right. Why is that? Is it because of tradition, respect for democracy, some regulations or perhaps something else? I'm asking because the presidents of my country (who are however elected by the people) have... | united kingdom head of state legislative process veto | 1 | Why don't British kings and queens veto laws? -- (united kingdom head of state legislative process veto)
<p>I've learned from Wikipedia that the British king or queen has the right to veto laws, but they don't use the right. Why is that? Is it because of tradition, respect for democracy, some regulations or perhaps som... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
175 | Was the war in Iraq legal according to the US law? | <p>Is it true that the recent war conducted by The United States in Iraq was undeclared and illegal? Have there been any rulings by the US courts on this? What are the arguments for and against the legality of the war?</p>
 | united states war | 1 | Was the war in Iraq legal according to the US law? -- (united states war)
<p>Is it true that the recent war conducted by The United States in Iraq was undeclared and illegal? Have there been any rulings by the US courts on this? What are the arguments for and against the legality of the war?</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
179 | How does Social Security work in the United States? | <p>There are political discussions in the United States regarding whether Social Security is maintainable over time.</p>

<p>I want to know how the Social Security system works in United States, and what the basis is of the concerns about its maintainability.</p>
 | united states social security | 1 | How does Social Security work in the United States? -- (united states social security)
<p>There are political discussions in the United States regarding whether Social Security is maintainable over time.</p>

<p>I want to know how the Social Security system works in United States, and what the basis is of the c... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
185 | Has a libertarian party ever won a parliamentary election anywhere? | <p>Libertarian ideas seem to have a strong following in the developed world, but I've never heard of any libertarian party being in power. In Poland, where I live, the main libertarian party (which might be the only one for all I know) has been doing a really bad job winning votes so far. Has any country ever had a lib... | election libertarianism | 1 | Has a libertarian party ever won a parliamentary election anywhere? -- (election libertarianism)
<p>Libertarian ideas seem to have a strong following in the developed world, but I've never heard of any libertarian party being in power. In Poland, where I live, the main libertarian party (which might be the only one for... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
186 | How have greater than two party systems functioned in the past? | <p>An earlier question (<a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/2/why-cant-voting-be-fair-if-there-are-more-than-two-alternatives">Why can't voting be fair if there are more than two alternatives?</a>) got me thinking. Are there any examples of governments where more than 2 parties have had major roles in... | parties | 1 | How have greater than two party systems functioned in the past? -- (parties)
<p>An earlier question (<a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/2/why-cant-voting-be-fair-if-there-are-more-than-two-alternatives">Why can't voting be fair if there are more than two alternatives?</a>) got me thinking. Are there ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
189 | Does Anonymous have a coherent ideology? | <p>The direct action group Anonymous has gained a great deal of attention in recent years as a result of its various "ops", usually targeted against governments and large corporations.</p>

<p>However, because of its deliberately amorphous nature, claimed lack of leaders, etc., I find it difficult to get a clea... | ideology direct action | 1 | Does Anonymous have a coherent ideology? -- (ideology direct action)
<p>The direct action group Anonymous has gained a great deal of attention in recent years as a result of its various "ops", usually targeted against governments and large corporations.</p>

<p>However, because of its deliberately amorphous nat... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
191 | Are the viable political alternatives in the US (e.g. Democrats and Republicans) considered (far) left and (far) right? | <p><a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/q/127/130">This question</a> phrases the US political situation as:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>Today the federal government is in a seemingly interminable pendulum effect going between far-right and far-left.</p>
</blockquote>

<p>Coming from Europe and... | united states terminology | 1 | Are the viable political alternatives in the US (e.g. Democrats and Republicans) considered (far) left and (far) right? -- (united states terminology)
<p><a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/q/127/130">This question</a> phrases the US political situation as:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>Today the federal g... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
193 | Does any organisation refer to itself as terrorist? | <p>Does any organisation refer to itself as <em>terrorist</em> ? It seems to me this word is only used by political opponents to such organisations, as the term terrorism has a quite negative connotation. But I'm not sure if there are any historical or contemporary examples of organisations or movements referring to th... | terrorism terminology | 1 | Does any organisation refer to itself as terrorist? -- (terrorism terminology)
<p>Does any organisation refer to itself as <em>terrorist</em> ? It seems to me this word is only used by political opponents to such organisations, as the term terrorism has a quite negative connotation. But I'm not sure if there are any hi... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
194 | What exactly formally constitutes recognition of a country? | <p>So, there is a spectrum of political entities that make up the national stage.</p>

<p>There is, of course, the "nation-state" like the U.S.A, China, Russia, Germany, Lithuania, you name it - full fledged "countries" that nobody denies is a country.</p>

<p>There are small states - Liechtenstein, the... | international sovereignty | 1 | What exactly formally constitutes recognition of a country? -- (international sovereignty)
<p>So, there is a spectrum of political entities that make up the national stage.</p>

<p>There is, of course, the "nation-state" like the U.S.A, China, Russia, Germany, Lithuania, you name it - full fledged "countries" t... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
197 | How is constitutional monarchy perceived in Commonwealth realms other than United Kingdom? | <p>Especially in countries with huge population and economy like Canada and Australia, what's the opinion of people about constitutional monarchy? Are there any well known groups or indivuals who opposes to the form of the government?</p>
 | australia constitutional monarchy canada commonwealth | 1 | How is constitutional monarchy perceived in Commonwealth realms other than United Kingdom? -- (australia constitutional monarchy canada commonwealth)
<p>Especially in countries with huge population and economy like Canada and Australia, what's the opinion of people about constitutional monarchy? Are there any well know... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
198 | Do individual Commonwealth countries have to accept the new rules of succession? | <p>Roughly coincident with the birth of a child to the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, Parliament is set to make changes to the Act of Succession, allowing females to be directly in the line. The problem is that countries other than the UK have the English monarch as their soverign heads - including Canada, Australia, ... | united kingdom sovereignty commonwealth succession | 1 | Do individual Commonwealth countries have to accept the new rules of succession? -- (united kingdom sovereignty commonwealth succession)
<p>Roughly coincident with the birth of a child to the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge, Parliament is set to make changes to the Act of Succession, allowing females to be directly in th... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
209 | What amendment to the U.S. Constitution removed the provision for slaves to count as three fifths of a person? | <p>One of the compromises in the original U.S. Constitution provided that slaves counted as three fifths of a person for the purposes of computing populations and thus allocating seats to the House of Representatives. Where exactly does this provision fall in the Constitution and what amendment to the Constitution eli... | united states constitution slavery | 1 | What amendment to the U.S. Constitution removed the provision for slaves to count as three fifths of a person? -- (united states constitution slavery)
<p>One of the compromises in the original U.S. Constitution provided that slaves counted as three fifths of a person for the purposes of computing populations and thus a... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
210 | Has there been a headless state? | <p>Has there been a state without an office satisfying the definition of a head of state? This question is mostly about the modern times because I'm not sure if we can give a satisfactory definition for outdated political systems. Please feel free to comment on this, but still the main focus of this question is on the ... | political system head of state | 1 | Has there been a headless state? -- (political system head of state)
<p>Has there been a state without an office satisfying the definition of a head of state? This question is mostly about the modern times because I'm not sure if we can give a satisfactory definition for outdated political systems. Please feel free to ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
221 | What countries have (at some point in history) been able to significantly reduce their country's debt and what policies are generally attributed? | <p>As we here in the US (and many others in other countries) worry about our mounting debt, I wonder if there are any historical examples of countries (including the US) which have been able to significantly reduce their debt (real debt, not as percent of GDP)?</p>

<p>Furthermore, what policies (if any) are ge... | debt | 1 | What countries have (at some point in history) been able to significantly reduce their country's debt and what policies are generally attributed? -- (debt)
<p>As we here in the US (and many others in other countries) worry about our mounting debt, I wonder if there are any historical examples of countries (including th... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
222 | Are there any negative consequences for a country having no debt? | <p>It would seem that having no debt would categorically be a good thing. I have heard <a href="http://www.daveramsey.com/article/three-steps-to-wealth-building-for-young-adults/lifeandmoney_college/text4/">Dave Ramsey say many times that</a>:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>The Forbes 400 is a list of the richest 4... | debt | 1 | Are there any negative consequences for a country having no debt? -- (debt)
<p>It would seem that having no debt would categorically be a good thing. I have heard <a href="http://www.daveramsey.com/article/three-steps-to-wealth-building-for-young-adults/lifeandmoney_college/text4/">Dave Ramsey say many times that</a>:<... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
223 | What is the head-of-state pardon for? | <p>I've read that the King of Thailand pardoned 30,000 prisoners on his birthday this year. They are said to be all sick, elderly or close to the end of their sentence. But it seems strange anyway. The idea of the head of state pardoning prisoners seems strange in a modern political system. Why should a single person b... | rule of law head of state | 1 | What is the head-of-state pardon for? -- (rule of law head of state)
<p>I've read that the King of Thailand pardoned 30,000 prisoners on his birthday this year. They are said to be all sick, elderly or close to the end of their sentence. But it seems strange anyway. The idea of the head of state pardoning prisoners see... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
231 | Are there any states that require leaders to respect empirical studies? | <p>It's possible to divide policy positions into two broad categories:</p>

<ol>
<li><p><strong>X is good/bad</strong> - for example:</p>

<ul>
<li>Smoking is bad</li>
<li>Home-ownership is good</li>
<li>Bovine tuberculosis is bad</li>
</ul></li>
<li><p><strong>X will encourage/d... | policy science | 1 | Are there any states that require leaders to respect empirical studies? -- (policy science)
<p>It's possible to divide policy positions into two broad categories:</p>

<ol>
<li><p><strong>X is good/bad</strong> - for example:</p>

<ul>
<li>Smoking is bad</li>
<li>Home-ownership is good</li>&... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
236 | Is there any objective reason why some states can have nuclear weapons but others can't? | <p>Many countries around the world suspect that Iran is attempting to build a nuclear weapon. Regardless of whether this is true or not, is there any objective reason why the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_states_with_nuclear_weapons">US, UK, France, and others</a> are "allowed" to have nuclear weapons, ... | nuclear weapons proliferation | 1 | Is there any objective reason why some states can have nuclear weapons but others can't? -- (nuclear weapons proliferation)
<p>Many countries around the world suspect that Iran is attempting to build a nuclear weapon. Regardless of whether this is true or not, is there any objective reason why the <a href="http://en.wi... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
238 | If all the citizens have same rights why some must pay a higher tax rate? | <p>If all the citizens of a country have the same rights and are equal before the law, why some must pay more taxes? Isn't that a kind of discrimination?</p>
 | democracy civil rights taxes | 1 | If all the citizens have same rights why some must pay a higher tax rate? -- (democracy civil rights taxes)
<p>If all the citizens of a country have the same rights and are equal before the law, why some must pay more taxes? Isn't that a kind of discrimination?</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
241 | Why are Sheriffs elected in United States? | <p>In other parts of the world the police's chiefs are selected by the city mayor or the city council, but in almost all counties of United States they are elected.</p>

<ol>
<li>Why are they elected, and not selected by the mayor?</li>
<li>Has it always been this way?</li>
</ol>
 | united states police | 1 | Why are Sheriffs elected in United States? -- (united states police)
<p>In other parts of the world the police's chiefs are selected by the city mayor or the city council, but in almost all counties of United States they are elected.</p>

<ol>
<li>Why are they elected, and not selected by the mayor?</li>&#x... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
248 | Do referendums lead to significantly different decisions than when decisions are taken by parliament? | <p>One argument that is used against decision-making by popular referendum is that they tend to lead to populist, perhaps even impossible decisions. It seems that referendums can lead to decisions that corresponding legislations would not take. The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swiss_referendum,_November_2009#M... | referendum | 1 | Do referendums lead to significantly different decisions than when decisions are taken by parliament? -- (referendum)
<p>One argument that is used against decision-making by popular referendum is that they tend to lead to populist, perhaps even impossible decisions. It seems that referendums can lead to decisions that ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
256 | What is the difference between fascism and nazism? | <p>Many politicians and social groups use "fascism" and "nazism" synonymously, and this has confused me (and maybe others) for a long time. Is there any big difference between them, or are the differences so minimal that it's ok to use them as synonyms?</p>
 | fascism nazism | 1 | What is the difference between fascism and nazism? -- (fascism nazism)
<p>Many politicians and social groups use "fascism" and "nazism" synonymously, and this has confused me (and maybe others) for a long time. Is there any big difference between them, or are the differences so minimal that it's ok to use them as synon... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
260 | What methodologies of measuring the power of the state are researched today? | <p>What methodologies are used today to measure the power of the state in an objective way? Most of the classifications are based on either intuition (publicist one) or take into account only one or few factors.</p>

<p>I've come in contact with power measurement studies in Poland, where the term 'Potęgonomia' ... | political theory power measurement | 1 | What methodologies of measuring the power of the state are researched today? -- (political theory power measurement)
<p>What methodologies are used today to measure the power of the state in an objective way? Most of the classifications are based on either intuition (publicist one) or take into account only one or few ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
264 | What are the differences between the Tea Party and the Republican Party? | <p>To Republicans, the Tea Party movement is considered a separate organization espousing some Republican ideals. What are the particular idiosyncrasies that differentiate between the Republicans and the Tea Party?</p>
 | parties government | 1 | What are the differences between the Tea Party and the Republican Party? -- (parties government)
<p>To Republicans, the Tea Party movement is considered a separate organization espousing some Republican ideals. What are the particular idiosyncrasies that differentiate between the Republicans and the Tea Party?</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
265 | Has there ever been a successful application of Liquid Democracy in recent (non-ancient) history? | <p>While looking for the best application of a Democratic regime, people tend to look either at Athenian Democracy (as applied in Ancient Athens that is) or at Grassroots/Liquid Democracy (as supposedly promoted by (some?) Pirate Parties worldwide). Direct democracy applications are not viable for various reasons, main... | democracy voting systems | 1 | Has there ever been a successful application of Liquid Democracy in recent (non-ancient) history? -- (democracy voting systems)
<p>While looking for the best application of a Democratic regime, people tend to look either at Athenian Democracy (as applied in Ancient Athens that is) or at Grassroots/Liquid Democracy (as ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
274 | How is crime addressed according to (radical) pacifism? | <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacifism" rel="nofollow">Pacifism</a> is the opposition to war and violence. Most pacifists propose to abolish the army, such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_of_Costa_Rica" rel="nofollow">Costa Rica</a> and a small number of other nations have done. Some also p... | pacifism | 1 | How is crime addressed according to (radical) pacifism? -- (pacifism)
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacifism" rel="nofollow">Pacifism</a> is the opposition to war and violence. Most pacifists propose to abolish the army, such as <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military_of_Costa_Rica" rel="nofollow">Cos... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
283 | What is the difference between sortition and demarchy? | <p>What is the difference between <strong>demarchy</strong> and <strong>sortition</strong>?</p>

<p>The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demarchy" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Wikipedia article for demarchy</a>:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>Demarchy (or lottocracy) is a form of government in which the s... | terminology sortition demarchy | 1 | What is the difference between sortition and demarchy? -- (terminology sortition demarchy)
<p>What is the difference between <strong>demarchy</strong> and <strong>sortition</strong>?</p>

<p>The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demarchy" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Wikipedia article for demarchy</a>:</p>
... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
285 | Do opinion polls constitute a way of indirect demarchy? | <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion_polls" rel="nofollow">Opinion polls</a> may <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion_polls#Effect_on_politicians" rel="nofollow">influence politicians</a>. As opinion polls are based on a random sample of citizens, does this influence constitute an indirect form of ... | sortition demarchy | 1 | Do opinion polls constitute a way of indirect demarchy? -- (sortition demarchy)
<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion_polls" rel="nofollow">Opinion polls</a> may <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opinion_polls#Effect_on_politicians" rel="nofollow">influence politicians</a>. As opinion polls are based on ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
286 | What are the advantages and disadvantages of a politically appointed vs. permanent Civil Service? | <p>The United Kingdom<sup>1</sup> has a permanent, and (in theory, at least) politically neutral Civil Service - although it is sometimes argued that this neutrality has been eroded in recent decades.</p>

<p>In contrast, in many other countries appointments to the Civil Service are explicitly political, result... | united kingdom | 1 | What are the advantages and disadvantages of a politically appointed vs. permanent Civil Service? -- (united kingdom)
<p>The United Kingdom<sup>1</sup> has a permanent, and (in theory, at least) politically neutral Civil Service - although it is sometimes argued that this neutrality has been eroded in recent decades.</... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
287 | What is the difference between representative and parliamentary democracy? | <p>In the case of "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representative_democracy" rel="nofollow noreferrer">representative democracy</a>", the common sense makes you think that you elect congressmen or speakers to represent your wishes, and in the "<a href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/parliamentary-democracy" re... | democracy parliament terminology | 1 | What is the difference between representative and parliamentary democracy? -- (democracy parliament terminology)
<p>In the case of "<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Representative_democracy" rel="nofollow noreferrer">representative democracy</a>", the common sense makes you think that you elect congressmen or spe... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
290 | Is there any difference between demarchy and stochocracy? | <p>According to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demarchy" rel="nofollow">Wikipedia article on demarchy</a>:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>Demarchy (or lottocracy) is a form of government in which the state is governed by randomly selected decision makers who have been selected by sortition (lot) from a b... | terminology sortition demarchy | 1 | Is there any difference between demarchy and stochocracy? -- (terminology sortition demarchy)
<p>According to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demarchy" rel="nofollow">Wikipedia article on demarchy</a>:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>Demarchy (or lottocracy) is a form of government in which the state is go... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
297 | Is the United States Electoral College constitutional? | <p>A question that has long been standing in my mind is whether the Electoral College is constitutional.</p>

<p>Republicans in California, or Democrats in Texas, for that matter, actually do not have a say in the national presidential election. In essence, the electoral college system allows a simple majority... | united states democracy voting | 1 | Is the United States Electoral College constitutional? -- (united states democracy voting)
<p>A question that has long been standing in my mind is whether the Electoral College is constitutional.</p>

<p>Republicans in California, or Democrats in Texas, for that matter, actually do not have a say in the nationa... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
299 | Are there countries considered socialist that do NOT have parliaments and elections? | <p>I know that in USSR, even during the most totalitarian times, there used to be elections and a representative legislative body (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_USSR" rel="nofollow">Supreme Soviet</a>) - leaving aside the actual competitiveness of the elections or the practical functionali... | parliament socialism | 1 | Are there countries considered socialist that do NOT have parliaments and elections? -- (parliament socialism)
<p>I know that in USSR, even during the most totalitarian times, there used to be elections and a representative legislative body (<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme_Soviet_of_the_USSR" rel="nofollo... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
302 | Does the two-party system influence engagement? | <p>In the last US elections, the voting turnout was approximately 57.5% (Bipartisan Research Center). Over the last few decades, it has been shifting between <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voter_turnout_in_the_United_States_presidential_elections">50 and 60 percent</a>. This is in stark contrast with various Eur... | united states voting | 1 | Does the two-party system influence engagement? -- (united states voting)
<p>In the last US elections, the voting turnout was approximately 57.5% (Bipartisan Research Center). Over the last few decades, it has been shifting between <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voter_turnout_in_the_United_States_presidential_el... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
303 | Are there any parliaments with more than two chambers? | <p>All parliaments that I know off are either <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicameralism" rel="noreferrer">unicameral</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicameralism" rel="noreferrer">bicameral</a>. Wikipedia has articles on <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tricameralism" rel="noreferrer">tricam... | parliament | 1 | Are there any parliaments with more than two chambers? -- (parliament)
<p>All parliaments that I know off are either <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicameralism" rel="noreferrer">unicameral</a> or <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicameralism" rel="noreferrer">bicameral</a>. Wikipedia has articles on <a hr... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
308 | Are there good examples of countries "incorrectly" self-identifying as "socialist"? | <p>Let's make the following definition:</p>

<p><strong>"<em>Private ownership</em>" of means of production means 3 things:</strong></p>

<ol>
<li><p>The profit from selling things produced go to someone dubbed an "owner", who is one or more private person (e.g. NOT government/state)</p></li>
<l... | socialism | 1 | Are there good examples of countries "incorrectly" self-identifying as "socialist"? -- (socialism)
<p>Let's make the following definition:</p>

<p><strong>"<em>Private ownership</em>" of means of production means 3 things:</strong></p>

<ol>
<li><p>The profit from selling things produced go to someo... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
309 | Is there any evidence that public transport splitting, corporatisation or privitisation affects quality? | <p>In Europe in the last 10–30 years, many public transportation companies have been split up in parts, with some parts corporatised and some parts privatised. This has partly been motivated by an expected increased in quality, whereas opponents have argued that it would actually <em>reduce</em> quality, but the debate... | economy privatization | 1 | Is there any evidence that public transport splitting, corporatisation or privitisation affects quality? -- (economy privatization)
<p>In Europe in the last 10–30 years, many public transportation companies have been split up in parts, with some parts corporatised and some parts privatised. This has partly been motivat... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
312 | Are there any countries with no elections at all? | <p>I was browsing the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_age" rel="noreferrer">Wikipedia article on Voting age</a> and the following map struck me. The colours refer to different ages, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voting-age.svg" rel="noreferrer">full legend here</a>:</p>

<p><img src="h... | election | 1 | Are there any countries with no elections at all? -- (election)
<p>I was browsing the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_age" rel="noreferrer">Wikipedia article on Voting age</a> and the following map struck me. The colours refer to different ages, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Voting-age.svg" re... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
316 | Are there any proposed systems of running the government like a corporation? | <p>Has there ever been a legitimately proposed system whereby either the entire government or the executive branch of it was run the way a corporation is usually supposed to - more specifically, with set performance targets, merit pay and performance bonuses to <strong>everyone involved</strong>? (USA clearly doesn't c... | voting systems policy | 1 | Are there any proposed systems of running the government like a corporation? -- (voting systems policy)
<p>Has there ever been a legitimately proposed system whereby either the entire government or the executive branch of it was run the way a corporation is usually supposed to - more specifically, with set performance ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
319 | Was Hitler's regime a right-wing regime? | <p>Left- and right-wing ideologies seem to change over time.</p>

<p>From what I've read so far, the Nazi regime was considered a right-wing party <em>at that time</em> by the people who voted it.</p>

<p>But currently, right-wing activists reject it based on economic grounds. They claim there was no fr... | nazism ideology | 1 | Was Hitler's regime a right-wing regime? -- (nazism ideology)
<p>Left- and right-wing ideologies seem to change over time.</p>

<p>From what I've read so far, the Nazi regime was considered a right-wing party <em>at that time</em> by the people who voted it.</p>

<p>But currently, right-wing activists r... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
320 | What form of government does StackExchange resemble? | <p>It's not representative democracy, because the decisions are taken by the entire community, but they are weighted :P</p>

<p>The closest one that comes into my mind is the "Venus project" :)</p>
 | form of government | 1 | What form of government does StackExchange resemble? -- (form of government)
<p>It's not representative democracy, because the decisions are taken by the entire community, but they are weighted :P</p>

<p>The closest one that comes into my mind is the "Venus project" :)</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
323 | Are worker cooperatives socialist, capitalist, or their own category? | <p><a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/q/308/130">This question</a> inquires about private ownership vs. state ownership. However, there is a 3rd category that may or may not be considered as private ownership: <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worker_cooperative" rel="noreferrer">Worker cooperatives</a>.</... | economy socialism | 1 | Are worker cooperatives socialist, capitalist, or their own category? -- (economy socialism)
<p><a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/q/308/130">This question</a> inquires about private ownership vs. state ownership. However, there is a 3rd category that may or may not be considered as private ownership: <a href=... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
338 | (Why) does the US left promote federal powers over state powers? | <p><a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/posts/comments/594">This comment states</a> that the <em>modern left is often promoting federal powers over state powers</em>.</p>

<p>I assume that the comment relates to the United States. It surprises me, because in (northern) Europe, some left-wing and most har... | united states ideology federalism | 1 | (Why) does the US left promote federal powers over state powers? -- (united states ideology federalism)
<p><a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/posts/comments/594">This comment states</a> that the <em>modern left is often promoting federal powers over state powers</em>.</p>

<p>I assume that the comment ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
351 | Which are the symptoms of a decadent Democracy degenerating to Ochlocracy? | <p>The Ochlocracy is by the Wikipedia's definition:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>Or mob rule is government by mob or a mass of people, or the intimidation of legitimate authorities. As a pejorative for majoritarianism, it is akin to the Latin phrase mobile vulgus meaning "the fickle crowd", from which the English... | democracy ochlocracy | 1 | Which are the symptoms of a decadent Democracy degenerating to Ochlocracy? -- (democracy ochlocracy)
<p>The Ochlocracy is by the Wikipedia's definition:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>Or mob rule is government by mob or a mass of people, or the intimidation of legitimate authorities. As a pejorative for majoritaria... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
353 | What is the difference between liberalism and libertarianism? | <p>According to wikipedia</p>

<blockquote>
 <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism">Liberalism</a> (from the Latin liberalis) is a political philosophy or worldview founded on the idea of liberty and equality. Liberals espouse a wide array of views depending on their understanding of these pr... | terminology liberalism libertarianism | 1 | What is the difference between liberalism and libertarianism? -- (terminology liberalism libertarianism)
<p>According to wikipedia</p>

<blockquote>
 <p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberalism">Liberalism</a> (from the Latin liberalis) is a political philosophy or worldview founded on the idea of ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
356 | What policies can reduce or prevent cost overruns on big infrastructure projects? | <p>Big infrastructure projects often lead to major cost overruns. For example:</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betuweroute" rel="nofollow">Betuweroute</a> railway in The Netherlands, planned at 2.5 billion €, final costs 4.7 billion €</li>
<li><a href="http://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go... | planning | 1 | What policies can reduce or prevent cost overruns on big infrastructure projects? -- (planning)
<p>Big infrastructure projects often lead to major cost overruns. For example:</p>

<ul>
<li><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Betuweroute" rel="nofollow">Betuweroute</a> railway in The Netherlands, planned a... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
358 | Why is West Virginia a state? | <p>First off, I am a resident of the Commonwealth of Virginia, and am completely aware of the circumstances of the creation of the state of West Virginia. In 1863, in the midst of the Rebellion, Congress admitted those counties (mostly in the non-slaveholding, mountainous counties) as a state called "West Virgini... | united states constitution statehood | 1 | Why is West Virginia a state? -- (united states constitution statehood)
<p>First off, I am a resident of the Commonwealth of Virginia, and am completely aware of the circumstances of the creation of the state of West Virginia. In 1863, in the midst of the Rebellion, Congress admitted those counties (mostly in the non-... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
365 | How does DOMA get around the "Full Faith and Credit" clause to the Constitution? | <p>Regardless of what one feels about "<a href="https://christianity.stackexchange.com/a/7601/1039">gay marriage</a>", the <a href="http://www.scotusblog.com/2013/06/menu-of-todays-coverage-june-26-2013/" rel="nofollow noreferrer">recent decision by the Supreme Court</a> to review the case brings up an interesting Cons... | united states constitution marriage | 1 | How does DOMA get around the "Full Faith and Credit" clause to the Constitution? -- (united states constitution marriage)
<p>Regardless of what one feels about "<a href="https://christianity.stackexchange.com/a/7601/1039">gay marriage</a>", the <a href="http://www.scotusblog.com/2013/06/menu-of-todays-coverage-june-26-... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
367 | Does Mcullough v. Maryland mean that charitable donations cannot be taxed? | <ol>
<li><p>In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCulloch_v._Maryland" rel="nofollow">McCulough v. Maryland</a>, Chief Justice John Marshall promulgated the doctrine <a href="http://www.fee.org/the_freeman/detail/the-power-to-tax-is-the-power-to-destroy/#axzz2ElFxUL85" rel="nofollow">the power to tax is the po... | united states constitution | 1 | Does Mcullough v. Maryland mean that charitable donations cannot be taxed? -- (united states constitution)
<ol>
<li><p>In <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McCulloch_v._Maryland" rel="nofollow">McCulough v. Maryland</a>, Chief Justice John Marshall promulgated the doctrine <a href="http://www.fee.org/the_freema... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
370 | How are conflicts between constitutional and treaty obligations resolved? | <p>The present Constitution of Bolivia, which came into effect on the 7th of February 2009, has this to say about <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca">coca</a> (an English translation follows the original Spanish):</p>

<blockquote>
 <p><strong>Artículo 384.</strong> El Estado protege a la coca orig... | constitution united nations treaty drugs | 1 | How are conflicts between constitutional and treaty obligations resolved? -- (constitution united nations treaty drugs)
<p>The present Constitution of Bolivia, which came into effect on the 7th of February 2009, has this to say about <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca">coca</a> (an English translation follows t... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
375 | Who first proposed the idea that "Supreme executive power derives from a mandate from the masses"? | <blockquote>
 <p><em><strong>King Arthur</em></strong>: The Lady of the Lake, her arm clad in the purest shimmering samite, held aloft Excalibur from the bosom of the water, signifying by divine providence that I, Arthur, was to carry Excalibur. That is why I am your king.<br>
 <strong><em>Dennis:</em></stron... | political theory | 1 | Who first proposed the idea that "Supreme executive power derives from a mandate from the masses"? -- (political theory)
<blockquote>
 <p><em><strong>King Arthur</em></strong>: The Lady of the Lake, her arm clad in the purest shimmering samite, held aloft Excalibur from the bosom of the water, signifying by divine... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
380 | What is the origin of the Durand Line, and what is the liklihood that it will persist over time? | <p>My understanding of Pakistani and Afghanistani politics is that the border between these two countries is ill-defined, porous, and mostly a figment of British imagination moreso than any reality on the ground. The tribal areas such as the Swat Valley where Al-Qaeda held sway seem to be far more lawless than Pakista... | pakistan | 1 | What is the origin of the Durand Line, and what is the liklihood that it will persist over time? -- (pakistan)
<p>My understanding of Pakistani and Afghanistani politics is that the border between these two countries is ill-defined, porous, and mostly a figment of British imagination moreso than any reality on the grou... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
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