id int64 1 141k | title stringlengths 15 150 | body stringlengths 45 28.5k | tags stringlengths 1 102 | label int64 1 1 | text stringlengths 128 28.6k | source stringclasses 1
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381 | Can the Equal Rights Amendment still be ratified? | <p>Given that it took the 27th Amendment to the United States Constitution over 200 years to be ratified, would the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment" rel="noreferrer">Equal Rights Amendment</a> that is currently three states short of the required 38 states need to start the entire process ov... | united states constitution feminism | 1 | Can the Equal Rights Amendment still be ratified? -- (united states constitution feminism)
<p>Given that it took the 27th Amendment to the United States Constitution over 200 years to be ratified, would the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equal_Rights_Amendment" rel="noreferrer">Equal Rights Amendment</a> that is... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
396 | What are frequently heard arguments in favour or against term limits? | <p>Around the world, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_term_limits">many presidents have term limits</a>. For example, a United States president cannot serve more than eight years. On the other hand, it seems prime ministers and their cabinets usually <em>don't</em> have term limits, even if it's ... | democracy | 1 | What are frequently heard arguments in favour or against term limits? -- (democracy)
<p>Around the world, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_term_limits">many presidents have term limits</a>. For example, a United States president cannot serve more than eight years. On the other hand, it seems prim... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
404 | How does libertarianism challenge a "property is theft" counter-argument to a "tax is theft" argument? | <p>An argument commonly ascribed to libertarianism runs as follows:</p>

<ol>
<li><p>Property is the right (either shared or exclusive) to enjoy the benefits of a particular resource.</p></li>
<li><p>Theft is the non-consensual deprivation by one party of the property of another.</p></li>
<li><p>Tax... | libertarianism taxes justice property | 1 | How does libertarianism challenge a "property is theft" counter-argument to a "tax is theft" argument? -- (libertarianism taxes justice property)
<p>An argument commonly ascribed to libertarianism runs as follows:</p>

<ol>
<li><p>Property is the right (either shared or exclusive) to enjoy the benefits of a... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
406 | Are there libertarian views on proper procedure to obtain property that was previously unowned? | <p>A while back, there was a fun article making the rounds about some dude selling people "rights" to own a plot of land on the Moon. There was another one selling plots in open ocean outside the coastal lines of any states.</p>

<p>Leaving aside current legalities and treaties between existing states, is there... | libertarianism taxes property land | 1 | Are there libertarian views on proper procedure to obtain property that was previously unowned? -- (libertarianism taxes property land)
<p>A while back, there was a fun article making the rounds about some dude selling people "rights" to own a plot of land on the Moon. There was another one selling plots in open ocean ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
407 | Are local currencies unconstitutional? | <p>In many places around the United States, localities and organizations have been printing money as a means to drive business toward local establishments and raise money for the community in times of economic hardship. Perhaps the most well established example of this are Berkshares in the Berkshires region of Massac... | united states constitution currency | 1 | Are local currencies unconstitutional? -- (united states constitution currency)
<p>In many places around the United States, localities and organizations have been printing money as a means to drive business toward local establishments and raise money for the community in times of economic hardship. Perhaps the most we... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
411 | What are practical steps citizens can take to alter a first past the post system? | <p>Given the <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/a/5/171">arguments against</a> first past the post voting systems, I'd like to know what could be done to change them. However, there's a difficulty with proposing such a change to the system, and that's how it favors incumbent political parties. As the people ... | voting systems parties | 1 | What are practical steps citizens can take to alter a first past the post system? -- (voting systems parties)
<p>Given the <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/a/5/171">arguments against</a> first past the post voting systems, I'd like to know what could be done to change them. However, there's a difficulty wit... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
415 | How to find out whether you're on the left or right? | <p>According to <a href="http://politicalcompass.org/test" rel="nofollow">this</a> test, I'm a center-left libertarian. Is this accurate? Do you know any other methods?</p>
 | ideology | 1 | How to find out whether you're on the left or right? -- (ideology)
<p>According to <a href="http://politicalcompass.org/test" rel="nofollow">this</a> test, I'm a center-left libertarian. Is this accurate? Do you know any other methods?</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
429 | What are the objections to implementing a flat rate income tax in the United States? | <p>Some of the most heated politics debates are about taxes, and who should get taxed more and who should get taxed less on their income.</p>

<p>But there rarely seems to be any debate in US politics as to whether everyone's income should get taxed at an equal rate - e.g. flat tax. (aside from one GOP presiden... | united states taxes | 1 | What are the objections to implementing a flat rate income tax in the United States? -- (united states taxes)
<p>Some of the most heated politics debates are about taxes, and who should get taxed more and who should get taxed less on their income.</p>

<p>But there rarely seems to be any debate in US politics a... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
432 | How is the word "populist" used in practice? | <p>A <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/a/424/97">recent answer</a> to another question on politics.se referred to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_spectrum#Nolan:_economic_freedom.2C_personal_freedom" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Nolan Chart</a> as a method for describing political affiliation... | terminology | 1 | How is the word "populist" used in practice? -- (terminology)
<p>A <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/a/424/97">recent answer</a> to another question on politics.se referred to the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Political_spectrum#Nolan:_economic_freedom.2C_personal_freedom" rel="nofollow noreferrer">No... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
437 | Should politicians be bound to keep campaign promises? | <blockquote>
 <p><strong>Possible Duplicate:</strong><br>
 <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/64/what-inhibits-a-winning-candidate-from-doing-exactly-the-opposite-of-what-he-pro">What inhibits a winning candidate from doing exactly the opposite of what he promised?</a> </p>
</blockquot... | election voting | 1 | Should politicians be bound to keep campaign promises? -- (election voting)
<blockquote>
 <p><strong>Possible Duplicate:</strong><br>
 <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/64/what-inhibits-a-winning-candidate-from-doing-exactly-the-opposite-of-what-he-pro">What inhibits a winning candidate fr... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
450 | In the US, why are corporations people? | <p>In the United States, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_personhood" rel="noreferrer">corporations are people</a>. A movie like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Corporation_%28film%29" rel="noreferrer">The Corporation</a> is highly critical of this, and in a <em>reductio ad absurbum</em>, concl... | united states corporations | 1 | In the US, why are corporations people? -- (united states corporations)
<p>In the United States, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corporate_personhood" rel="noreferrer">corporations are people</a>. A movie like <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Corporation_%28film%29" rel="noreferrer">The Corporation</a> i... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
465 | What arguments can be given in favour of financial barriers for participation in elections or electoral debates? | <p>From <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/450/in-the-us-why-are-corporations-people/452#comment1074_452">this comment</a> comes the quote:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>on a practical level, if you suck as a politician THAT much that you can't raise a paltry $50k in a country with 300Mil popula... | election campaigning money | 1 | What arguments can be given in favour of financial barriers for participation in elections or electoral debates? -- (election campaigning money)
<p>From <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/450/in-the-us-why-are-corporations-people/452#comment1074_452">this comment</a> comes the quote:</p>

<bl... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
467 | Is the United States primary system detrimental to moderate candidates? | <p>The argument says that because candidates must prove themselves as the most potent standard bearer for their respective parties in the primary election (to even get a shot at the general election), it becomes impossible for moderate candidates from either major party to survive to the general election. Is this an i... | united states election parties | 1 | Is the United States primary system detrimental to moderate candidates? -- (united states election parties)
<p>The argument says that because candidates must prove themselves as the most potent standard bearer for their respective parties in the primary election (to even get a shot at the general election), it becomes ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
474 | What does it mean for a candidate to be a "tea-party" candidate | <p>What does it mean for a candidate to be a "tea-party" candidate?</p>

<p>There are multiple US political personalities who are considered to be "tea party" personalities, such as Jim DeMint, Sarah Palin, etc. </p>

<p>I have also heard multiple sources quantify the number of "tea party" candidates w... | united states parties | 1 | What does it mean for a candidate to be a "tea-party" candidate -- (united states parties)
<p>What does it mean for a candidate to be a "tea-party" candidate?</p>

<p>There are multiple US political personalities who are considered to be "tea party" personalities, such as Jim DeMint, Sarah Palin, etc. </p>
... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
480 | Why do developed countries favor democracy? | <p>Considering the relative lack of information many people have when entering the booths (just from my experience in America. Please edit if I'm wrong), why do developed countries prefer democracy over other forms of government, which can work just as well if not better?</p>

<p>Is there a particular benefit ... | democracy government | 1 | Why do developed countries favor democracy? -- (democracy government)
<p>Considering the relative lack of information many people have when entering the booths (just from my experience in America. Please edit if I'm wrong), why do developed countries prefer democracy over other forms of government, which can work just... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
482 | What are the reasons for people to oppose Basic Income Guarantee? | <p>The people of Switzerland will probably <a href="http://www.bedingungslos.ch/">vote</a> on implementing a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_income_guarantee">citizen's income</a>.</p>

<p>The idea does not, of course, have universal 100% support.</p>

<p>For some people (e.g. high income ea... | taxes | 1 | What are the reasons for people to oppose Basic Income Guarantee? -- (taxes)
<p>The people of Switzerland will probably <a href="http://www.bedingungslos.ch/">vote</a> on implementing a <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_income_guarantee">citizen's income</a>.</p>

<p>The idea does not, of course, have... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
486 | What is the origin of the Presidential signing statement in the United States? | <p>With the increasingly polarized nature of American politics, modern presidents have increasingly relied on the use of signing statements to challenge or augment the implementation of measures they disagree with in bills that come to their desk. My question is two-fold:</p>

<ul>
<li>Since the signing st... | united states constitution | 1 | What is the origin of the Presidential signing statement in the United States? -- (united states constitution)
<p>With the increasingly polarized nature of American politics, modern presidents have increasingly relied on the use of signing statements to challenge or augment the implementation of measures they disagree ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
493 | Is preemptive war illegal or just politically untenable? | <p>In the lead up to the Iraq war, and to a lesser degree in the discussion before the military action in Libya in 2011, there was much discussion in the United States about the possibility that any action would be a preemptive war/war of aggression. Is such an action itself illegal in the United States or any other c... | united states war treaty | 1 | Is preemptive war illegal or just politically untenable? -- (united states war treaty)
<p>In the lead up to the Iraq war, and to a lesser degree in the discussion before the military action in Libya in 2011, there was much discussion in the United States about the possibility that any action would be a preemptive war/w... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
499 | What would be the steps necessary for a country to leave the E.U.? | <p>Given that there is (again) a debate going on whether the United Kingdom should remain in the E.U. or whether they should leave the Union, I was wondering what would be the steps necessary to be taken for them or in general for any country to leave the E.U.?</p>

<p><em>If you answer it would be nice if you ... | european union | 1 | What would be the steps necessary for a country to leave the E.U.? -- (european union)
<p>Given that there is (again) a debate going on whether the United Kingdom should remain in the E.U. or whether they should leave the Union, I was wondering what would be the steps necessary to be taken for them or in general for an... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
501 | Is it possible to leave EU but remain in Eurozone, legally? | <p>As to <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/499/what-would-be-the-steps-necessary-for-a-country-to-leave-the-e-u#comment1194_499">this comment</a>:</p>

<p>[I]s it possible to leave EU but remain in Eurozone, legally?</p>

<p><sup>Thanks <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/use... | european union euro | 1 | Is it possible to leave EU but remain in Eurozone, legally? -- (european union euro)
<p>As to <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/499/what-would-be-the-steps-necessary-for-a-country-to-leave-the-e-u#comment1194_499">this comment</a>:</p>

<p>[I]s it possible to leave EU but remain in Eurozone,... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
507 | In the U.S., are people with more education more likely to vote liberal? | <p>In the U.S., are people with more education more likely to vote <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" rel="noreferrer">liberal</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressivism" rel="noreferrer">progressive</a>, or is this merely a perception? If yes, is this true in... | united states education | 1 | In the U.S., are people with more education more likely to vote liberal? -- (united states education)
<p>In the U.S., are people with more education more likely to vote <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_liberalism_in_the_United_States" rel="noreferrer">liberal</a> and <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
517 | What is the difference between a nation and a state? | <p>These terms seem to be used interchangably - what is the difference between them?</p>

<p>Additionally, why is it that a "state" appears to be just an entity of a federal government in certain contexts - e.g., "the United States?"</p>
 | terminology | 1 | What is the difference between a nation and a state? -- (terminology)
<p>These terms seem to be used interchangably - what is the difference between them?</p>

<p>Additionally, why is it that a "state" appears to be just an entity of a federal government in certain contexts - e.g., "the United States?"</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
522 | The assault weapon ban recently expired in the USA, what did it ban? | <p>The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Assault_Weapons_Ban" rel="nofollow">Federal Assault Weapon Ban Wikipedia page</a> notes that it banned cosmetic features that make a gun look like a fully automatic rifle, that it only banned 10 such weapons, and those weapons manufactures quickly found ways around t... | united states guns | 1 | The assault weapon ban recently expired in the USA, what did it ban? -- (united states guns)
<p>The <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federal_Assault_Weapons_Ban" rel="nofollow">Federal Assault Weapon Ban Wikipedia page</a> notes that it banned cosmetic features that make a gun look like a fully automatic rifle, th... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
526 | What is the purpose of food stamps, WIC, SNAP, and other related federal programs? | <p>It seems to me that one of the necessary functions required by every organism in order to survive, is to have the means of providing food for itself and its offspring. What was the initial reasoning in starting a federal program to provide this function? What percentage of people who use these services are hungry? H... | united states welfare | 1 | What is the purpose of food stamps, WIC, SNAP, and other related federal programs? -- (united states welfare)
<p>It seems to me that one of the necessary functions required by every organism in order to survive, is to have the means of providing food for itself and its offspring. What was the initial reasoning in start... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
528 | What are the main differences between US First Party System and Second/Third Party Systems? | <p>Apparently, there exist several "party system" partitions of American political history:</p>

<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Party_System" rel="noreferrer">First Party System</a> - 1792 to 1824. Federalists vs Republican-Democrats</p>

<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_P... | united states parties | 1 | What are the main differences between US First Party System and Second/Third Party Systems? -- (united states parties)
<p>Apparently, there exist several "party system" partitions of American political history:</p>

<p><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Party_System" rel="noreferrer">First Party System... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
532 | What are the objections to federally recognized civil unions as opposed to same sex marriages? | <p>My understanding is that gay rights groups want to have the same benefits that are afforded to opposite marriage supporters. Opposite marriage supporters, for the most part, don't want the term "marriage" applied to these civil unions.</p>

<p>What are the objections to allowing civil unions to be recognized... | united states marriage | 1 | What are the objections to federally recognized civil unions as opposed to same sex marriages? -- (united states marriage)
<p>My understanding is that gay rights groups want to have the same benefits that are afforded to opposite marriage supporters. Opposite marriage supporters, for the most part, don't want the term ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
540 | Could raising the tax on the wealthy, without cutting spending, balance the federal budget in the US? | <p>Some of the stalemate over the Fiscal Cliff has been over whether to raise the tax rate on the wealthy in order to raise additional revenue.</p>

<p>One argument that is frequently made is that the main problem is not <em>revenue</em>, it is the level of <em>spending</em>. More specifically, that no amount ... | united states taxes budget | 1 | Could raising the tax on the wealthy, without cutting spending, balance the federal budget in the US? -- (united states taxes budget)
<p>Some of the stalemate over the Fiscal Cliff has been over whether to raise the tax rate on the wealthy in order to raise additional revenue.</p>

<p>One argument that is frequ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
546 | Does lowering the capital gains tax encourage investment and increase economic growth? | <p>Capital gains are taxed lower than other types of incomes in several nations.The rationale I have heard for this is that a lower tax on capital gains is supposed to encourage investment and increase the economic growth. </p>

<p>Is there any hard data on whether this effect exists and how large it is? </p>&#... | economy taxes | 1 | Does lowering the capital gains tax encourage investment and increase economic growth? -- (economy taxes)
<p>Capital gains are taxed lower than other types of incomes in several nations.The rationale I have heard for this is that a lower tax on capital gains is supposed to encourage investment and increase the economic... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
550 | Prohibition on incestual marriage vs same sex marriage - what does the data say? | <p>Two of the related arguments made by people who oppose same-sex marriage (especially those who do it on the basis of "marriage is for raising kids"):</p>

<ol>
<li><p>The slippery slope argument. Usually goes "if you let two guys marry, why not 2 siblings?"</p></li>
<li><p>A similar but opposite dire... | policy marriage same sex marriage | 1 | Prohibition on incestual marriage vs same sex marriage - what does the data say? -- (policy marriage same sex marriage)
<p>Two of the related arguments made by people who oppose same-sex marriage (especially those who do it on the basis of "marriage is for raising kids"):</p>

<ol>
<li><p>The slippery slope... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
551 | What legal benefits do married couples enjoy in US, and what is the rationale for those benefits? | <p>What legal benefits do married couples enjoy in United States, and what is the rationale for those benefits?</p>

<ul>
<li>If it's economic, then why aren't those benefits extended to any set of room-mates? </li>
<li>If it's custody-related why aren't those benefits extended to unmarried parents?</l... | united states marriage | 1 | What legal benefits do married couples enjoy in US, and what is the rationale for those benefits? -- (united states marriage)
<p>What legal benefits do married couples enjoy in United States, and what is the rationale for those benefits?</p>

<ul>
<li>If it's economic, then why aren't those benefits extende... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
562 | How is a political party radicalised, and what are the effects? | <p>In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the British <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Party_%28UK%29" rel="nofollow">Labour Party</a> was seen by many as having retreated from the centre ground of British politics into an obsession with left-wing ideological purity. In 1981, a significant number of centrist me... | republican party | 1 | How is a political party radicalised, and what are the effects? -- (republican party)
<p>In the late 1970s and early 1980s, the British <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Party_%28UK%29" rel="nofollow">Labour Party</a> was seen by many as having retreated from the centre ground of British politics into an obs... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
566 | List of countries that includes how much of the workforce is employed by the government | <p>Where can I find a list of European/World countries by government workers per capita or as a percentage of total workforce? I can't seem to find it on Eurostat. It would be interesting to see the effects of this policy and find a correlation between count of government workers and how "rich" the country is.</p>
 | government labor | 1 | List of countries that includes how much of the workforce is employed by the government -- (government labor)
<p>Where can I find a list of European/World countries by government workers per capita or as a percentage of total workforce? I can't seem to find it on Eurostat. It would be interesting to see the effects of ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
567 | Why does Italy have so many political parties? | <p>It's a bit of a running joke but Italy has many political parties and this causes its governments to be unstable.</p>

<p>For example currently it has <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Italy#Major_parties">six major political parties</a> plus dozens of minor players.</p>
... | voting parties italy | 1 | Why does Italy have so many political parties? -- (voting parties italy)
<p>It's a bit of a running joke but Italy has many political parties and this causes its governments to be unstable.</p>

<p>For example currently it has <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Italy#Major_partie... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
570 | What is the rationale behind having different voting ages? | <p>In some countries you can vote for one arm of the parliament at one age (say 18 years) and for the other at a different age (say 25).</p>

<p>Is there a rationale or is it merely tradition?</p>

<p>For example this happens in <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voting_age#I" rel="nofollow">Italy</a... | election italy | 1 | What is the rationale behind having different voting ages? -- (election italy)
<p>In some countries you can vote for one arm of the parliament at one age (say 18 years) and for the other at a different age (say 25).</p>

<p>Is there a rationale or is it merely tradition?</p>

<p>For example this happens... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
571 | When is legalization a better alternative? | <p>While prohibition never worked with alcohol, and legalization of soft drugs seeming more and more acceptable to the general public, there are clearly plenty of examples of cases in which prohibition works.</p>

<p>For example, it's illegal to steal and I don't think there is any strong support for the legali... | law legislation | 1 | When is legalization a better alternative? -- (law legislation)
<p>While prohibition never worked with alcohol, and legalization of soft drugs seeming more and more acceptable to the general public, there are clearly plenty of examples of cases in which prohibition works.</p>

<p>For example, it's illegal to st... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
577 | Why do party's candidature requirements exist in some countries? | <p>The Republic by the Spanish Wikipedia is:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p><em>Republic (from latin res publica, «the politic, the public»), in a wide sense, is a politic system based on the law's empire, the law ( the constitution) and the <strong>equality before the law</strong> as a way to <strong>stop the poss... | election democracy republic | 1 | Why do party's candidature requirements exist in some countries? -- (election democracy republic)
<p>The Republic by the Spanish Wikipedia is:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p><em>Republic (from latin res publica, «the politic, the public»), in a wide sense, is a politic system based on the law's empire, the law ( th... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
580 | What is the Overton window? | <p>I have heard of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overton_window" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Overton Window</a> on Wikipedia and <a href="https://skeptics.stackexchange.com/q/5063/96">in a question on Skeptics StackExchange</a>.</p>

<p>Wikpedia says:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>The Overton win... | policy political theory society | 1 | What is the Overton window? -- (policy political theory society)
<p>I have heard of the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overton_window" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Overton Window</a> on Wikipedia and <a href="https://skeptics.stackexchange.com/q/5063/96">in a question on Skeptics StackExchange</a>.</p>

<p>... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
581 | Why do political bodies often sit in semicircles? | <p>It is quite common for legislative bodies to sit in "semi circles". </p>

<p><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/bqmOwm.jpg" alt="European Parliament"><sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2009_European_Parliament_Composition.svg" rel="noreferrer">source</a></sup></p>

<p>I can see how, for... | ideology political system society | 1 | Why do political bodies often sit in semicircles? -- (ideology political system society)
<p>It is quite common for legislative bodies to sit in "semi circles". </p>

<p><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/bqmOwm.jpg" alt="European Parliament"><sup><a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2009_European_Parliam... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
584 | Why didn't Americans Elect field a candidate in the 2012 U.S. presidential election? | <p><a href="http://www.americanselect.org/" rel="nofollow">Americans Elect</a> was trying to get an alternative candidate on the ballot in the 2012 presidential election. The party was to hold a completely online convention to elect a party ticket to run. However, the party ended up not fielding a candidate and not sh... | united states election president electronic voting third party | 1 | Why didn't Americans Elect field a candidate in the 2012 U.S. presidential election? -- (united states election president electronic voting third party)
<p><a href="http://www.americanselect.org/" rel="nofollow">Americans Elect</a> was trying to get an alternative candidate on the ballot in the 2012 presidential electi... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
586 | Do/did non-dictatorial Communist societies exist? | <p>I've often heard the following two points of view:</p>

<ul>
<li><p>Communism is a failed philosophy, and it has always failed (e.g. USSR, China, Cuba etc...). Therefore it's simply wrong.</p></li>
<li><p>Communism has never been applied correctly, but that's for historical reasons and not intrinsic ... | society communism marxism history | 1 | Do/did non-dictatorial Communist societies exist? -- (society communism marxism history)
<p>I've often heard the following two points of view:</p>

<ul>
<li><p>Communism is a failed philosophy, and it has always failed (e.g. USSR, China, Cuba etc...). Therefore it's simply wrong.</p></li>
<li><p>Communi... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
590 | Do dog-whistle politics only refer to racist and right-leaning statements? | <p>I don't think I have ever heard the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog-whistle_politics" rel="noreferrer">term applied</a> to statements on the left. Supposedly racists can understand a hidden meaning or applied to the Christian right, but the majority of voters cannot hear when certain phrases are used.</p>&... | united states terminology | 1 | Do dog-whistle politics only refer to racist and right-leaning statements? -- (united states terminology)
<p>I don't think I have ever heard the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog-whistle_politics" rel="noreferrer">term applied</a> to statements on the left. Supposedly racists can understand a hidden meaning or ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
594 | Transition from parliamentary to presidential Republic? | <p>Did any country in recent century successfully transitioned from parliamentary to presidential Republic (both of them reasonably unambiguously democratic - I'm pretty open as far as inclusiveness)?</p>
 | parliament political system president republic political transitions | 1 | Transition from parliamentary to presidential Republic? -- (parliament political system president republic political transitions)
<p>Did any country in recent century successfully transitioned from parliamentary to presidential Republic (both of them reasonably unambiguously democratic - I'm pretty open as far as inclu... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
595 | Must all democratic countries have a constitution? | <p>It seems to me that all democratic countries, e.g. republics and representative monarchies, also have a constitution of sorts.</p>

<p>On the other hand, what defines a democratic country is the "power to the people" ergo the ability to decide, directly or indirectly, what laws are passed.</p>

<p>So... | democracy constitution law history | 1 | Must all democratic countries have a constitution? -- (democracy constitution law history)
<p>It seems to me that all democratic countries, e.g. republics and representative monarchies, also have a constitution of sorts.</p>

<p>On the other hand, what defines a democratic country is the "power to the people" e... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
602 | What are Jobbik's views on the Polish-Hungarian friendship? | <p><strong>Clarification.</strong> I think this question is confusing to the answerers for some reason. I would like to make it clear that this question is <em>not</em> about the validity of the Hungarian Turanic ideology. It's also not a request for papers on Turanism. Please read the question before answering it.</p>... | nationalism conservatism | 1 | What are Jobbik's views on the Polish-Hungarian friendship? -- (nationalism conservatism)
<p><strong>Clarification.</strong> I think this question is confusing to the answerers for some reason. I would like to make it clear that this question is <em>not</em> about the validity of the Hungarian Turanic ideology. It's al... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
605 | Why did Somalia fail as a state, and what keeps it from coming back? | <p>When considering a list of <a href="https://www.globalpolicy.org/nations-a-states/failed-states.html" rel="noreferrer">"failed"</a> states, Yemen, Afghanistan, and Somalia are usually considered the textbook examples (see <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragile_States_Index#2012" rel="noreferrer">Fragile Stat... | africa statehood somalia | 1 | Why did Somalia fail as a state, and what keeps it from coming back? -- (africa statehood somalia)
<p>When considering a list of <a href="https://www.globalpolicy.org/nations-a-states/failed-states.html" rel="noreferrer">"failed"</a> states, Yemen, Afghanistan, and Somalia are usually considered the textbook examples (... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
606 | Why did "third world" fall out of favor? | <p>When I was younger, there were "first world" (i.e. rich) and "third world" (i.e poor) countries. This was a relic of cold war theory, but I never really heard about "second world" as a normal term.</p>

<p>Nowadays, the terms "emerging economies" and "developing nations" seem to be the appellation of choice... | terminology | 1 | Why did "third world" fall out of favor? -- (terminology)
<p>When I was younger, there were "first world" (i.e. rich) and "third world" (i.e poor) countries. This was a relic of cold war theory, but I never really heard about "second world" as a normal term.</p>

<p>Nowadays, the terms "emerging economies" and... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
607 | Why does the EU keep Turkey out? | <p>Turkey has applied for membership in the EU several times, but unlike Greece, it has never been admitted. What are the reasons that the EU has given for denying membership to this large and influential country?</p>
 | european union europe turkey | 1 | Why does the EU keep Turkey out? -- (european union europe turkey)
<p>Turkey has applied for membership in the EU several times, but unlike Greece, it has never been admitted. What are the reasons that the EU has given for denying membership to this large and influential country?</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
614 | Is there evidence that the Mercator Projection map leads to real European colonial tendencies? | <p>The classic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercator_projection" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Mercator Projection</a> has been around since 1569 as a sailing map. However, in order to represent lines of constant course for sailing vessels as straight lines on the map, the areas around the poles were significantly... | geopolitics | 1 | Is there evidence that the Mercator Projection map leads to real European colonial tendencies? -- (geopolitics)
<p>The classic <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercator_projection" rel="nofollow noreferrer">Mercator Projection</a> has been around since 1569 as a sailing map. However, in order to represent lines of... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
622 | What is the political significance of FEC fundraising deadlines? | <p>Every so often, I receive mass emails from political campaigns urging me to make a donation in advance of an FEC fundraising deadline. They claim that it's really important for them to reach some monetary goal by the deadline in order for the campaign to succeed.</p>

<p>How much of this is actually true, an... | united states campaigning fec | 1 | What is the political significance of FEC fundraising deadlines? -- (united states campaigning fec)
<p>Every so often, I receive mass emails from political campaigns urging me to make a donation in advance of an FEC fundraising deadline. They claim that it's really important for them to reach some monetary goal by the ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
627 | Where can I read about the Princelings in depth? | <p>I'm looking for a comprehensive study of the Chinese <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princelings" rel="nofollow">Princelings</a>. Is there a book or a thorough article (or a series of articles) in which I could find this? It would be best if the text were pleasant to read, but the most important thing for me i... | communism china | 1 | Where can I read about the Princelings in depth? -- (communism china)
<p>I'm looking for a comprehensive study of the Chinese <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princelings" rel="nofollow">Princelings</a>. Is there a book or a thorough article (or a series of articles) in which I could find this? It would be best if... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
630 | What are the criteria for avoiding the fiscal cliff? | <p>One of the biggest items in the news is that we will go off the "Fiscal cliff" (large amount of tax increases and spending cuts) if Congress doesn't come to an agreement of some kind.</p>

<p>My question is: </p>

<p><strong>What is it that Congress has to agree to in order to avoid the fiscal cliff... | united states debt congress | 1 | What are the criteria for avoiding the fiscal cliff? -- (united states debt congress)
<p>One of the biggest items in the news is that we will go off the "Fiscal cliff" (large amount of tax increases and spending cuts) if Congress doesn't come to an agreement of some kind.</p>

<p>My question is: </p>

... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
633 | How is it that a corporation would not derive rights from the people inside it. (speech in particular) | <p>This is a political issue that I genuinely don't understand very well.</p>

<p>I don't have to go very far to hear opposition to the fact that currently corporations are protected under the first amendment. </p>

<p>I have always been confused by this. I was under the assumption that when ever a co... | united states corporations | 1 | How is it that a corporation would not derive rights from the people inside it. (speech in particular) -- (united states corporations)
<p>This is a political issue that I genuinely don't understand very well.</p>

<p>I don't have to go very far to hear opposition to the fact that currently corporations are prot... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
637 | Do municipal and state police have to cooperate with federal police? | <p>To what level do local/state police have to cooperate with federal police when state law differs from national law, especially regarding the recent legalization of recreational marijuana in Washington and Colorado?</p>

<ul>
<li>Do more local police have to arrest and prosecute the offenders?</li>
<l... | united states police federalism drugs fbi | 1 | Do municipal and state police have to cooperate with federal police? -- (united states police federalism drugs fbi)
<p>To what level do local/state police have to cooperate with federal police when state law differs from national law, especially regarding the recent legalization of recreational marijuana in Washington ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
639 | Are all retroactive laws, ex post facto laws? | <p>In the United States, Congress' seeming inability to pass a fiscal cliff bill before the 1/1/13 12:00 AM deadline has sparked discussion that Congress could potentially pass a bill sometime in January and make its effects retroactive to the 1/1/13 12:00 AM deadline, thus eliminating any effect that their delay would... | united states constitution congress | 1 | Are all retroactive laws, ex post facto laws? -- (united states constitution congress)
<p>In the United States, Congress' seeming inability to pass a fiscal cliff bill before the 1/1/13 12:00 AM deadline has sparked discussion that Congress could potentially pass a bill sometime in January and make its effects retroact... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
642 | Is legalization of marijuana legal in the United States? | <p>The question posed here is whether the states' partial nullification of the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) is legal. Under the supremacy clause, federal law and statute should trump state law, but essentially what is occurring today (2012) is states passing laws neutering the CSA's power over marijuana, but states... | united states constitution | 1 | Is legalization of marijuana legal in the United States? -- (united states constitution)
<p>The question posed here is whether the states' partial nullification of the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) is legal. Under the supremacy clause, federal law and statute should trump state law, but essentially what is occurring... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
647 | What are the limits of the second amendment? | <p>The second amendment of the US constitution states:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free
 State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be
 infringed.</p>
</blockquote>

<p>As far as I understand, the part about... | united states constitution guns second amendment | 1 | What are the limits of the second amendment? -- (united states constitution guns second amendment)
<p>The second amendment of the US constitution states:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free
 State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, sha... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
650 | What legal impediments might there be to alternate voting systems? | <p>Most jurisdictions in the US use first-past-the-post voting. This appears to me to be a historical artifact; I'm not aware of any legal impediments on a federal level that would prevent states or municipalities from using any voting system they want, so long as it treats all votes equally. Are there any such federal... | united states voting voting systems | 1 | What legal impediments might there be to alternate voting systems? -- (united states voting voting systems)
<p>Most jurisdictions in the US use first-past-the-post voting. This appears to me to be a historical artifact; I'm not aware of any legal impediments on a federal level that would prevent states or municipalitie... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
657 | What are the political challenges in defeating organized crime? | <p>Fighting organized crime is in the best interests of everybody and after all, for politicians, less crime will make your electorate happier.</p>

<p>On the other hand, countries have been wildly unsuccessful in getting rid of it. For example, see the <a href="http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/investigate/organized... | law history crime | 1 | What are the political challenges in defeating organized crime? -- (law history crime)
<p>Fighting organized crime is in the best interests of everybody and after all, for politicians, less crime will make your electorate happier.</p>

<p>On the other hand, countries have been wildly unsuccessful in getting rid... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
663 | Is there a video online that shows the congressional session which confirms the US Presidential Election? | <p>Normally the sessions of United States congress are available online for review by the public. Are the session(s) which involve the certification of the results of the US Presidential Elections (of 2012) available online? What day was the session held? Which of the two bodies certified it? (I believe its a joint ses... | united states congress | 1 | Is there a video online that shows the congressional session which confirms the US Presidential Election? -- (united states congress)
<p>Normally the sessions of United States congress are available online for review by the public. Are the session(s) which involve the certification of the results of the US Presidential... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
673 | Which party did the US citizens who don't pay federal income taxes vote for in 2012? | <blockquote>
 <p>"A democracy cannot exist as a permanent form of government. It can only exist until the majority discovers it can vote itself largess out of the public treasury" - <em>unknown (frequently attributed to Alexander Fraser Tytler or Alexis de Tocqueville).</em></p>
</blockquote>

<p>Based... | united states voting polling | 1 | Which party did the US citizens who don't pay federal income taxes vote for in 2012? -- (united states voting polling)
<blockquote>
 <p>"A democracy cannot exist as a permanent form of government. It can only exist until the majority discovers it can vote itself largess out of the public treasury" - <em>unknown (f... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
674 | Is it allowed to protest peacefully against the government on certain issues in India? | <p>In the light of recent wave of <a href="https://www.google.co.in/#q=protest+against+delhi+gang+rape&hl=en&safe=off&tbo=u&source=univ&tbm=nws&sa=X&ei=L_vkUMOHEM3MrQf8-IC4AQ&ved=0CDEQqAI&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_cp.r_qf.&bvm=bv.1355534169,d.bmk&fp=40d3396fbb925556&bpcl=40... | protests india civil rights | 1 | Is it allowed to protest peacefully against the government on certain issues in India? -- (protests india civil rights)
<p>In the light of recent wave of <a href="https://www.google.co.in/#q=protest+against+delhi+gang+rape&hl=en&safe=off&tbo=u&source=univ&tbm=nws&sa=X&ei=L_vkUMOHEM3MrQf8-IC4... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
680 | US Politics, any grass root like campaign fighting the new tax increase | <p>I just found out from my employer that our social security tax just increase by 2%, which were never publicized as much in the media. I live in NY, a very liberal state, so it would make sense why it was kept hidden.</p>

<p>So are there any campaigns anyone know or any petition I can sign to voice my outrag... | democracy campaigning liberalism grassroots | 1 | US Politics, any grass root like campaign fighting the new tax increase -- (democracy campaigning liberalism grassroots)
<p>I just found out from my employer that our social security tax just increase by 2%, which were never publicized as much in the media. I live in NY, a very liberal state, so it would make sense why... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
685 | What exactly was in the 2012 fiscal cliff deal? | <p>So what exactly was in the 2012 fiscal cliff deal that congress passed at the beginning of 2013?</p>

<p>I understand that they further extended the Bush tax cuts for people making less than $400 thousand to $500 thousand per year, and the sequester postponed for a bit, but was there anything else significan... | united states budget | 1 | What exactly was in the 2012 fiscal cliff deal? -- (united states budget)
<p>So what exactly was in the 2012 fiscal cliff deal that congress passed at the beginning of 2013?</p>

<p>I understand that they further extended the Bush tax cuts for people making less than $400 thousand to $500 thousand per year, and... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
688 | Which US states give proportional Presidential electoral college votes to candidates? | <p>The US Presidential election uses an "electoral college" system, where each state gets a certain number of "electors" (votes), and those electors cast the official votes for President. Each state's law determines how those electors are selected, and which candidate they vote for. </p>

<p>Some states are "pr... | united states voting voting systems electoral college | 1 | Which US states give proportional Presidential electoral college votes to candidates? -- (united states voting voting systems electoral college)
<p>The US Presidential election uses an "electoral college" system, where each state gets a certain number of "electors" (votes), and those electors cast the official votes fo... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
700 | How far does in loco parentis extend for schools in the United States? | <p>To my personal opinion, In the United States schools have adopted the position that they have <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_loco_parentis" rel="noreferrer"><em>in loco parentis</em></a> authority over students, at the moment the students leave the company of their parents. </p>

<blockquote>
... | united states constitution civil rights | 1 | How far does in loco parentis extend for schools in the United States? -- (united states constitution civil rights)
<p>To my personal opinion, In the United States schools have adopted the position that they have <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_loco_parentis" rel="noreferrer"><em>in loco parentis</em></a> auth... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
706 | Why are US laws written in such convoluted formats? | <p>In recent times, the fiscal cliff has become a hot topic in the United States, and its resolution was applauded by both parties in Congress. However, upon reading parts of the actual <a href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-112hr8eas/pdf/BILLS-112hr8eas.pdf" rel="nofollow">American Taxpayer Relief Act of 2012</a... | united states congress | 1 | Why are US laws written in such convoluted formats? -- (united states congress)
<p>In recent times, the fiscal cliff has become a hot topic in the United States, and its resolution was applauded by both parties in Congress. However, upon reading parts of the actual <a href="http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/BILLS-112hr8eas... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
715 | Do E.U. employees pay tax on their salaries? | <p>Do they pay tax in Belgium, their country of origin or a special E.U. tax?</p>
 | european union taxes belgium | 1 | Do E.U. employees pay tax on their salaries? -- (european union taxes belgium)
<p>Do they pay tax in Belgium, their country of origin or a special E.U. tax?</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
724 | Would Third Party Candidates in the United States fare better under a proportional representation split of electoral votes? | <p>One major difficulty in winning election as a third party candidate is the first-past-the-post , winner-take-all system of allocating votes in the electoral college. It tends to support a primary candidate and one challenger, but third party candidates have less ability to get elected.</p>

<p>If the electo... | united states electoral college | 1 | Would Third Party Candidates in the United States fare better under a proportional representation split of electoral votes? -- (united states electoral college)
<p>One major difficulty in winning election as a third party candidate is the first-past-the-post , winner-take-all system of allocating votes in the electoral... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
726 | Is the abortion debate as divisive outside the US as it is inside? | <p>In the United States, abortion is a highly polarizing issue:</p>

<ul>
<li>We have political organizations with substantial influence on the major parties, </li>
<li>it is a regular topic of debate amongst candidates (less so now than in the past, but it was still the focus of many ads in the last Pr... | international abortion | 1 | Is the abortion debate as divisive outside the US as it is inside? -- (international abortion)
<p>In the United States, abortion is a highly polarizing issue:</p>

<ul>
<li>We have political organizations with substantial influence on the major parties, </li>
<li>it is a regular topic of debate amongst ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
727 | How would the trillion-dollar coin save the United States' economy? | <p>Recently I read in a news post that the Treasury Department is able to order the coinage of a coin made of platinum with a value of 1,000,000,000,000 USD, or 1 trillion US dollars.
You can read about this subject <a href="http://www.businessinsider.com/suddenly-lots-of-influential-people-are-talking-about-the-tr... | united states economy | 1 | How would the trillion-dollar coin save the United States' economy? -- (united states economy)
<p>Recently I read in a news post that the Treasury Department is able to order the coinage of a coin made of platinum with a value of 1,000,000,000,000 USD, or 1 trillion US dollars.
You can read about this subject <a hr... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
736 | What are the most known examples of weighed voting that are practiced in democratic countries? | <p>From <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/a/735/101">Yannis' answer</a> to <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/667/what-are-the-reasons-against-plural-voting">What are the reasons against plural voting?</a>:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>...similarly to how <strong>forms of weighted vot... | voting systems egalitarianism | 1 | What are the most known examples of weighed voting that are practiced in democratic countries? -- (voting systems egalitarianism)
<p>From <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/a/735/101">Yannis' answer</a> to <a href="https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/667/what-are-the-reasons-against-plural-voting">Wha... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
746 | Are there any notable Gay Rights groups advocating "Get the Government out of marriage" solution to same-sex marriage? | <p>One of the main arguments made in favor the of US (or non-US) Government recognizing same-sex marriage is the "equality" one - that heterosexual couples have unequal rights with same-sex couples in that the former can have their marriages recognized by the state and the latter can not, and such recognition confers r... | marriage same sex marriage lgbt+ | 1 | Are there any notable Gay Rights groups advocating "Get the Government out of marriage" solution to same-sex marriage? -- (marriage same sex marriage lgbt+)
<p>One of the main arguments made in favor the of US (or non-US) Government recognizing same-sex marriage is the "equality" one - that heterosexual couples have un... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
747 | Hypothetical challenge to the 22nd Amendment | <p>What if, for whatever odd reason (disregarding the extreme unlikeliness of this ever happening), a two-term President of the United States was elected to a third term by popular write-in vote? What would happen?</p>

<p>The laws don't seem to cover this so well (most likely because the probability of it hap... | united states constitution presidential term | 1 | Hypothetical challenge to the 22nd Amendment -- (united states constitution presidential term)
<p>What if, for whatever odd reason (disregarding the extreme unlikeliness of this ever happening), a two-term President of the United States was elected to a third term by popular write-in vote? What would happen?</p>
&... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
756 | What percentage of federal U.S. government employees are considered non-essential during a governmnent shutdown? | <p>There have been two U.S. government shutdowns in recent history, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_government_shutdown_of_1995_and_1996">Nov 1995</a> and Dec 1995. Looming government shutdowns seem to be a bit of a joke as <a href="http://the-american-catholic.com/2011/04/07/oh-no-not-the-n... | united states budget government shutdown | 1 | What percentage of federal U.S. government employees are considered non-essential during a governmnent shutdown? -- (united states budget government shutdown)
<p>There have been two U.S. government shutdowns in recent history, <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_federal_government_shutdown_of_1995_and_1... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
760 | What are the practical effects of having too large a debt load? | <p>My understanding is that Japan <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_public_debt">has a debt-to-gdp ratio</a> of approximately 200%. It is considered to be one of the worst in the world.</p>

<p>The United States is only in the 100% range. What effects would be noticed in the economy a... | economy debt | 1 | What are the practical effects of having too large a debt load? -- (economy debt)
<p>My understanding is that Japan <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_public_debt">has a debt-to-gdp ratio</a> of approximately 200%. It is considered to be one of the worst in the world.</p>

<p>The United... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
761 | Does depreciation count in scoring a budget proposal? | <p>I'm going to be meeting with my Congressman soon about a modest proposal I have that could be a big deal. My Congressman (Frank Wolf) is a big proponent of telecommuting already, and is quite aware of all the great benefits that it brings.</p>

<p>I want to bring to his attention (or rather his LA's attenti... | united states taxes budget | 1 | Does depreciation count in scoring a budget proposal? -- (united states taxes budget)
<p>I'm going to be meeting with my Congressman soon about a modest proposal I have that could be a big deal. My Congressman (Frank Wolf) is a big proponent of telecommuting already, and is quite aware of all the great benefits that i... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
762 | What exactly do political aides do? | <p>Whenever you read about the history of any recent politician (or at least, American politicians) it says "They were an aide in the Clinton administration" or something similar. What exactly do these aides do? Clearly it's some sort of progression path to actually holding the office, and seems similar to the typical ... | terminology | 1 | What exactly do political aides do? -- (terminology)
<p>Whenever you read about the history of any recent politician (or at least, American politicians) it says "They were an aide in the Clinton administration" or something similar. What exactly do these aides do? Clearly it's some sort of progression path to actually ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
765 | Could the US legally adopt Indonesia's 'religion in schools' setup? | <p>There have been <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/07/world/asia/in-indonesia-science-may-give-way-to-religion.html?_r=0" rel="noreferrer">recent news stories</a> about Indonesia's plan to increase religious teaching in schools. This intrigues me, as here in the United States, schools can't force students to w... | united states religion bill of rights | 1 | Could the US legally adopt Indonesia's 'religion in schools' setup? -- (united states religion bill of rights)
<p>There have been <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2013/01/07/world/asia/in-indonesia-science-may-give-way-to-religion.html?_r=0" rel="noreferrer">recent news stories</a> about Indonesia's plan to increase rel... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
766 | Is it illegal for a U.S. government to put up a "Christmas" tree? | <p>I have occasionally heard that it may be illegal for a U.S. government to put up a "Christmas" tree.</p>

<p>Is this true? If yes, what is the motivation for this? I have heard that separation between church and state might be interpreted as such in the USA (for example, a government-sponsored crucifix in a ... | united states religion | 1 | Is it illegal for a U.S. government to put up a "Christmas" tree? -- (united states religion)
<p>I have occasionally heard that it may be illegal for a U.S. government to put up a "Christmas" tree.</p>

<p>Is this true? If yes, what is the motivation for this? I have heard that separation between church and sta... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
771 | Does any other governmental body have constituencies similar to Seanad Éireann? | <p>Seanad Éireann (the Irish Senate) has rather unusual (unique?) constituencies.</p>

<ul>
<li>Three senators are <a href="http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/government_in_ireland/elections_and_referenda/national_elections/election_of_university_candidates_to_the_seanad.html" rel="nofollow">elected by gr... | election voting systems republic of ireland | 1 | Does any other governmental body have constituencies similar to Seanad Éireann? -- (election voting systems republic of ireland)
<p>Seanad Éireann (the Irish Senate) has rather unusual (unique?) constituencies.</p>

<ul>
<li>Three senators are <a href="http://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/government_in_irel... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
772 | Why did Marx believe that mass industrialisation was a prerequisite for the proletarian revolution? | <p>Apparently, Marx believed that mass industrialisation was a prerequisite for the proletarian revolution. Why did he believe this?</p>
 | communism marxism | 1 | Why did Marx believe that mass industrialisation was a prerequisite for the proletarian revolution? -- (communism marxism)
<p>Apparently, Marx believed that mass industrialisation was a prerequisite for the proletarian revolution. Why did he believe this?</p>
 | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
781 | Is there any functional difference between "Middle East" and "Near East"? | <p>Commonly in foreign policy debates, the countries in and around Israel are referred to as the "Middle East". I heard an expert on the topic speak as a representative of a think tank that used the term "Near East" in their name. </p>

<p>Are these terms directly analogous, or is there some functional differe... | terminology foreign policy | 1 | Is there any functional difference between "Middle East" and "Near East"? -- (terminology foreign policy)
<p>Commonly in foreign policy debates, the countries in and around Israel are referred to as the "Middle East". I heard an expert on the topic speak as a representative of a think tank that used the term "Near East... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
795 | In the US, is it forbidden to label food as GMO-free? | <p>There is an ongoing debate about genetically modified organisms (GMO). For example, <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/07/prop-37-defeated-californ_n_2088402.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">California voters rejected mandatory labeling of GMO-food</a>. On a somewhat related note, in the US, it is apparen... | united states gmo | 1 | In the US, is it forbidden to label food as GMO-free? -- (united states gmo)
<p>There is an ongoing debate about genetically modified organisms (GMO). For example, <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/11/07/prop-37-defeated-californ_n_2088402.html" rel="nofollow noreferrer">California voters rejected mandatory l... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
807 | Why is France involved in Mali? | <p>This month France has sent ground troops to and bombed northern Mali. This feels like the first time in a while that a country besides the US has stuck its neck out to fight violent Islamist groups that were operating in a foreign country. France has historical ties to Mali, but are there pragmatic reasons for the... | france africa | 1 | Why is France involved in Mali? -- (france africa)
<p>This month France has sent ground troops to and bombed northern Mali. This feels like the first time in a while that a country besides the US has stuck its neck out to fight violent Islamist groups that were operating in a foreign country. France has historical ti... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
815 | Is setting a "low bar" on qualifications for elected office similar around the world? | <p>In the United States the official qualifications for becoming president, as laid out in the Constitution, are incredibly low. The only requirements are that:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>No Person except a natural born Citizen, or a Citizen of the United
 States, at the time of the Adoption of this Const... | election election requirements | 1 | Is setting a "low bar" on qualifications for elected office similar around the world? -- (election election requirements)
<p>In the United States the official qualifications for becoming president, as laid out in the Constitution, are incredibly low. The only requirements are that:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>N... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
817 | Does the US republican party have a demographics problem? | <p>I've read in various articles that, among voters for the U.S. Republican Party, middle-aged white men are (strongly) over-represented, whereas among voters for the U.S. Democratic Party, voters from other groups (African-Americans, Hispanics, women, young people) are over-represented. Then I have read the subsequent... | united states voting republican party demographics | 1 | Does the US republican party have a demographics problem? -- (united states voting republican party demographics)
<p>I've read in various articles that, among voters for the U.S. Republican Party, middle-aged white men are (strongly) over-represented, whereas among voters for the U.S. Democratic Party, voters from othe... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
826 | In the US, why is there such a long time between the elections and inauguration? | <p>In the United States, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_2012">elections were on 6 November 2012</a>, but <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_of_Barack_Obama">inauguration only on 20 January 2013</a>, more than two months later.
In France, the <a ... | united states election | 1 | In the US, why is there such a long time between the elections and inauguration? -- (united states election)
<p>In the United States, the <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election,_2012">elections were on 6 November 2012</a>, but <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_inauguration_... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
831 | What is the oldest law still in force? | <p>In particular, what is the oldest piece of written law (whether statute, constitution, decree or similar) that is still in force somewhere in the world?</p>

<p>Alongside that, what is the oldest law still in force which has been shown to still be relevant?</p>
 | law | 1 | What is the oldest law still in force? -- (law)
<p>In particular, what is the oldest piece of written law (whether statute, constitution, decree or similar) that is still in force somewhere in the world?</p>

<p>Alongside that, what is the oldest law still in force which has been shown to still be relevant?</p>... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
838 | What would it take for the U.S. to ratify the Convention on the Rights of the Child? | <p>Together with Somalia and South Sudan, the U.S. has <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_ratification_of_the_Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" rel="nofollow noreferrer">not ratified the Convention on the Rights of the Child</a>. I think the reasons for Somalia and South Sudan are quite clear — Somalia has n... | united states foreign policy human rights | 1 | What would it take for the U.S. to ratify the Convention on the Rights of the Child? -- (united states foreign policy human rights)
<p>Together with Somalia and South Sudan, the U.S. has <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_ratification_of_the_Convention_on_the_Rights_of_the_Child" rel="nofollow noreferrer">not rat... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
845 | What are the practical implications of the claims for Antarctica? | <p>Several countries maintain <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_claims_in_Antarctica" rel="nofollow noreferrer">territorial claims in Antarctica</a>:</p>

<p><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/pz5QR.png" alt="Claims for Antarctica"></p>

<p>What are the practical implications of those c... | territory | 1 | What are the practical implications of the claims for Antarctica? -- (territory)
<p>Several countries maintain <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_claims_in_Antarctica" rel="nofollow noreferrer">territorial claims in Antarctica</a>:</p>

<p><img src="https://i.stack.imgur.com/pz5QR.png" alt="Claim... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
847 | What are the political reasons for a strong Euroscepticism in Britain? | <p>Britain is fairly heavily "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroscepticism_in_the_United_Kingdom">Eurosceptic</a>":</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>Within Europe overall, a positive to neutral opinion of the EU dominated, with about 46% of citizens having a positive opinion and only 16% having a negative opi... | united kingdom european union europe | 1 | What are the political reasons for a strong Euroscepticism in Britain? -- (united kingdom european union europe)
<p>Britain is fairly heavily "<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euroscepticism_in_the_United_Kingdom">Eurosceptic</a>":</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>Within Europe overall, a positive to neutral opi... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
848 | What makes California a Democratic state? | <p>So, back in the 60s & 70s, California gave us Richard Nixon. In the 80s, President Reagan hailed from the state. At least as late as 1984, California was considered a safe Republican state. During my politically active life, however (I started caring late 80s and was eligible to vote in the early 90s), Califo... | united states presidential election democratic party california | 1 | What makes California a Democratic state? -- (united states presidential election democratic party california)
<p>So, back in the 60s & 70s, California gave us Richard Nixon. In the 80s, President Reagan hailed from the state. At least as late as 1984, California was considered a safe Republican state. During my... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
857 | Has the British Monarch ever exercised their right to revoke land "ownership" rights for personal use? | <p>As I understand the British monarchy, all land in the United Kingdom is owned by the monarch. Owners of houses and businesses and the like within the United Kingdom are merely granted the use of the land by the reigning monarch, and are subject to return the land to the monarch if called to do so.</p>

<p>I... | united kingdom constitutional monarchy property | 1 | Has the British Monarch ever exercised their right to revoke land "ownership" rights for personal use? -- (united kingdom constitutional monarchy property)
<p>As I understand the British monarchy, all land in the United Kingdom is owned by the monarch. Owners of houses and businesses and the like within the United Kin... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
858 | Did any countries precede Nepal in introducing a 3rd legal gender? | <p>From <a href="http://www.scotsman.com/news/international/nepal-to-offer-third-gender-status-1-2752129">this article in The Scotsman</a>:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>Nepal’s government will begin issuing citizenship certificates with the category “third gender” for people who do not wish to be identified as ma... | nepal lgbt+ gender | 1 | Did any countries precede Nepal in introducing a 3rd legal gender? -- (nepal lgbt+ gender)
<p>From <a href="http://www.scotsman.com/news/international/nepal-to-offer-third-gender-status-1-2752129">this article in The Scotsman</a>:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>Nepal’s government will begin issuing citizenship cert... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
862 | Why is redistricting not an automated process? | <p>What is the reason that redistricting is not automatic? Is it just a legacy of a time when it was impossible?</p>

<p>The definition of gerrymandering is:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>In the process of setting electoral districts, gerrymandering is a practice that attempts to establish a political adva... | united states gerrymandering voting districts | 1 | Why is redistricting not an automated process? -- (united states gerrymandering voting districts)
<p>What is the reason that redistricting is not automatic? Is it just a legacy of a time when it was impossible?</p>

<p>The definition of gerrymandering is:</p>

<blockquote>
 <p>In the process of set... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
865 | What is a "councilmanic tax"? | <p>In my hometown there is an election next month for several propositions put forth. The second proposition would require any "new councilmanic tax" to be approved by the city council with a majority+1 vote. </p>

<p>The <a href="http://www.spokanecity.org/_documents/election/2013-Special-Elections-Voters-Guid... | united states voting taxes local government | 1 | What is a "councilmanic tax"? -- (united states voting taxes local government)
<p>In my hometown there is an election next month for several propositions put forth. The second proposition would require any "new councilmanic tax" to be approved by the city council with a majority+1 vote. </p>

<p>The <a href="ht... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
871 | How was the US able to create a Department of Education at the Federal level? | <p>Looking through <a href="http://www.usconstitution.net/xconst_A1Sec8.html" rel="noreferrer">Article 1, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution</a> (that part of the document that enumerates the powers of the Congress), there is nothing that talks about Congress' role in education. Traditionally, this has been one of tho... | united states constitution federalism education | 1 | How was the US able to create a Department of Education at the Federal level? -- (united states constitution federalism education)
<p>Looking through <a href="http://www.usconstitution.net/xconst_A1Sec8.html" rel="noreferrer">Article 1, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution</a> (that part of the document that enumerates t... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
874 | Is there any possibility to have a democracy inherently discourage lobbying? | <p>Can a democratic system be structured in a way that doesn't rely on ethics or brute-force, police-state-esque measures to disable lobbying?</p>

<p>Is there a way to inherently make lobbying unattractive/unfeasible without external control?</p>

<p>Any level of a democracy may be altered to result in... | democracy voting systems corruption lobbying | 1 | Is there any possibility to have a democracy inherently discourage lobbying? -- (democracy voting systems corruption lobbying)
<p>Can a democratic system be structured in a way that doesn't rely on ethics or brute-force, police-state-esque measures to disable lobbying?</p>

<p>Is there a way to inherently make ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
877 | What are the advantages of a VAT over a normal sales tax? | <p>In the United States, most consumers are used to paying a sales tax - a couple of percentage points per dollar of goods sold - that are used to fund government. By contrast, Europeans pay a "VAT" - a value added tax - a more complicated scheme by which each time a product changes hands in the business development c... | taxes | 1 | What are the advantages of a VAT over a normal sales tax? -- (taxes)
<p>In the United States, most consumers are used to paying a sales tax - a couple of percentage points per dollar of goods sold - that are used to fund government. By contrast, Europeans pay a "VAT" - a value added tax - a more complicated scheme by ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
880 | What is the status of the proposed extension of passenger railroads in the US? | <p>From a European perspective, I have the impression that in most of the USA, intercity passenger rail travel is mestly a touristic endeavour, and not used for "ordinary" intercity travel as it is in Europe and Asia (including in those parts of Russia that are as sparsely populated as parts of the US, so it's not excl... | united states railroad infrastructure | 1 | What is the status of the proposed extension of passenger railroads in the US? -- (united states railroad infrastructure)
<p>From a European perspective, I have the impression that in most of the USA, intercity passenger rail travel is mestly a touristic endeavour, and not used for "ordinary" intercity travel as it is ... | habedi/stack-exchange-dataset |
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