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##### **September/ October 2023 report**
###### Venezuela
edits to some of the objectives and to the
timeline stipulated.
**IV. GPC Townhall**
**On October 18th a Townhall was**
**organized by the Global Protection**
**Cluster (GPC) with Field Operations.**
HRP 2024 key messages/instructions
were discussed and... | {
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2023c; Peters and Golden, 2019). Over 90 percent of South Sudanese refugees in Ethiopia are in the Gambella region, a multi-ethnic region dominated by two ethnic groups: the agro-pastoralist Anywaa (Anyuak) and pastoralist Nuer (Hagos 2021). While these groups have a long history of peaceful coexistence, they also have... | {
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These 25 were included in the surveys but have been dropped from the analysis because they were not assigned randomly. 10 The reasons given for not entering the training included: 1) they were back in school, 2) they had moved to a distant location, 3) they were seriously ill, 4) they had found full-time work, 5) they ... | {
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Afrobarometer finds that the vast majority of Malians want their country to remain a single and unified nation and that the attempt by armed groups to create a breakaway state in Mali ’ s northern territories is decisively rejected. See Afrobarometer Policy Paper 10 (Dec 2013). This difference with the Afrobarometer su... | {
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Colombian and Venezuelan migrant children and adolescents. VII Discussion In this study, we analyze novel and unique data on forcibly displaced migrants and hosts, focusing on children and adolescents, to highlight the disparities in human development between them. The structure our analysis in two parts. In the first ... | {
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Due to our research design and the complexity of introducing a third grouping who would play outgroup in the behavioral experiments regardless of partner identity, we exclude PRL from the main analyses presented here. 5 Data were also collected six months after the end of the training but this was heavily disrupted due... | {
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19 As property prices in the worst affected areas reduced the most, low income households responded by moving into low-rent housing being offered in these locations. On the other hand, middle income households moved away to avoid risk, and the wealthy, for whom insurance and self-protection was the most affordable, did... | {
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The JLMPS sample is restricted, after matching it to the 2010 school census, to individuals born in Jordan who are aged 25 to 70 in 2010 and who have nonmissing information on age, subdistrict of birth, years of schooling, father ’ s schooling, mother ’ s schooling, and local supply of schools in subdistrict of birth. ... | {
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The FAO estimates of the hunger rate combine aggregate food balance sheets for every country with
representative household consumption expenditure surveys (HCES) available for 129 developing
countries. [1] These HCES are already being used to monitor global poverty trends (Chen and Ravallion | {
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Keywords: HIV, AIDS, behavioural surveillance survey, humanitarian emergency,
conflict, post-conflict, refugee, IDP, methodology and quality
Correspondence: Paul B. Spiegel, MD, MPH, UNHCR, Case Postale 2500, Geneva 1211,
Switzerland. Tel: 41 22 739 8289. Fax: 41227397366. E-mail: spiegel@unhcr.org
ISSN 1744-1692 pri... | {
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from UNHCR items valued using SESRE prices Food expenditure (UNHCR in-kind + cash): aggregate food expenditure from UNHCR items valued using SESRE prices plus the cash equivalent transfers Annexes 126 Food aid data received from WFP Food aid information received information from the WFP includes five food items and the... | {
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2 Background Information 2. 1 Characteristics of West Bank and Gaza ’ s labor markets The labor markets of the West Bank and Gaza exhibit features typical of the broader Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, but also have attributes that are highly unique. Additionally, important differences exist between the Wes... | {
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This database lists seven categories: refugees, asylum-seekers, returned refugees, internally displaced persons (IDPs), returned IDPs, stateless persons and others of concern. For each group the database provides yearly information about their composition by loca- tion of residence and origin. We exploit only the data ... | {
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10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Hosts Refugees Hosts Refugees Hosts Refugees In camp Addis Ababa Total 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Hosts Refugees Hosts Refugees Refugees Hosts In camp Addis Ababa Total Sanitation problem Long waiting time Shortage of health professionals Too expensive Shortage/unavailability of medicines ... | {
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include the rice price — which appears with the wrong sign but is only marginally significant — and elevation and population density — which are no longer significant. Comparing Tables 7 and 5, we find that in the smaller NLSS 2002 / 3 dataset none of the anticipated consumption variables is statistically significant. Othe... | {
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No data on religiosity was collected as part of the census and a more recent and detailed household survey that includes information on time-use elicits little variation — everyone reports high mosque attendance and regular prayers. An alternative, suggested by David Evans at Harvard University, which we pursue here, i... | {
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34 Any statistics on the imputed welfare will based on the set of imputed welfares for each household. The estimator takes the form, with R denotes the number of simulation: ܪ ൌ 1 ܴ ݄ ሺݕ ሻ ோ ୀ ଵ where ݄ ሺݕሻ is a function that converts the vector y with (log) incomes for all households into a poverty measure (... | {
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Page 9 of 51 Figure 2: Prevalence of NSE by categories of occupations ISCO. (Mid-2010s) Source: Own calculations based on Household surveys When these results are analyzed by the type of NSE, we find significant differences between the trends in Part-time and Temporary employment. On the one hand, there is a stable or ... | {
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On average, the tax-to-GDP ratio in Sub-Saharan Africa is around 21 percent, compared with the OECD average of about 32 percent. In Tanzania and Uganda, the total tax share drops to about 10 percent. Historical data suggests that the tax share of many European countries did not reach 15 percent of GDP until World War I... | {
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Chew et al. (2018) use a baseline convolutional neural network model on a gridded population sampling frame to select a sample of households in Nigeria and Guatemala. The authors found this technique to be on par with human canvassing in terms of accuracy, and to outperform other machine learning models based on crowds... | {
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Wages: the earnings measure we use is the response to the question “ how much did you earn from your main job activity during the last month? ” In the LFS 2011 there is further information on how much of that income was irregular, for example a bonus payment, but the LFS 2014 no longer provides that breakdown. There is... | {
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**Annex 10: Social Assessment Summary**
Beneficiary assessments, stakeholder consultations, and a desk review of secondary sources were conducted between September and November of the preparation year to inform the social assessment. Key findings from the beneficiary assessments include: (i) 61 percent of households i... | {
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This study aims to assess the consequences of forced migration on ethnic diversity and conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa. We combine a unique dataset on refugee camps with individual data from the Afrobarometer Surveys across 23 African countries for the 2005 — 2016 period. We construct two standard measures of ethnic div... | {
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20 capacity to offer these services. Many may be at risk of violence or trafficking. These are very important aspects from the perspective of welfare economists interested in measuring well ‐ being but these measurements are complex and not usually included in multidimensional indicators of deprivation or poverty. The ... | {
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most recent year in our CRU dataset). We begin by computing average annual rainfall
and temperature for the nine datasets (CRU; 8 GCMs). Then we use a least-squares fit
generates nine benchmark annual datasets - CRU and eight GCMs - for each of the 372 | {
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**Annex 11: GIS-Supported Targeting Methodology**
Beneficiary targeting in rural subcomponents relied on GIS to overlay poverty incidence maps, displacement flow data, and existing service facility locations. Spatial clustering algorithms were applied to identify communities with the highest unmet need scores within e... | {
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A UNESCO report written during the height of Liberia ’ s second civil war reported that Liberia had one of the lowest gender parity scores globally, and girls were disproportionately represented in the number of out-of-school children in Liberia. This disruption in education presaged lifelong consequences for this coho... | {
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of Stunting among under-five Children in Ethiopia: A Multilevel Mixed-effects Analysis of 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey Data. In BMC Pediatrics 19 (1). BioMed Central Ltd. .org/10.1186/s12887-019-1545-0 Ginn, T., Resstack, R., Dempster, H., Arnold-Femandez, E., Miller, S., Guerrero, M., and Kanyamanza, B... | {
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Wages: the earnings measure we use is the response to the question “ how much did you earn from your main job activity during the last month? ” In the LFS 2011 there is further information on how much of that income was irregular, for example a bonus payment, but the LFS 2014 no longer provides that breakdown. There is... | {
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The UNCRPD defines a person with disability “ _as those who have long-term physical, psychosocial, intellectual or sensory_
_impairments which, in interaction with various barriers, may hinder their full and effective participation in society on an equal_
_basis with others_ ”. However, obtaining accurate data on perso... | {
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GIS layers depicting soil type, slope gradient, and land cover were used by the project's environmental specialist to conduct a preliminary erosion risk assessment for all proposed earthworks sites. Sites classified as having a high erosion risk under the GIS analysis were required to submit an erosion and sediment con... | {
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The Refugees and Host Communities Household Survey expanded the national Household Consumption and Informal Sector Survey to include a representative sample of refugees and host communities, including Sudanese and host communities located in the east of the country. The remainder of this note is organized as follows. S... | {
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Produced by the Research Support Team Abstract The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The pa... | {
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“relaxed” definition of labor force participation includes anyone who is available to work. The “strict” definition of labor force participation includes only those who are available to work and also actively searching for work. Employment-to- population ratio is the share of working-age people who are employed. 41 In ... | {
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Papaioannou, 2016; Berman et al., 2017; Harari and Ferrara, 2018; Eberle et al., 2020; McGuirk and Burke, 2020b). As a further robustness check, we also use data on conflict incidence and intensity from the UCDP, which uses a more conservative definition of conflict. The UCDP dataset is manually curated and compiled wi... | {
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14 people may also gain from conflict in terms of income and wealth and this may explain why some people do not move. The defining attributes of the alternative choices are very different from any other model and the task of economics is to understand what these defining attributes should be. In terms of independent va... | {
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Table 2: Ethnic composition of IDPs, refugees, returnees in the North Ethnicity IDPs in Bamako (%) Refugees Niger (%) Refugees Mauritania (%) Returnees (%) Total I + R + R (%) Ethnic composition of the North (%) Songhai 75 21- 71 43 45 Kel Tamasheq 12 56 69 12 38 32 Arab 3- 28 4 11 3 Peulh 4 21- 6 4 7 Other 6 11 3 7 4 ... | {
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The data on total gross profits and net sales acquired from the Turkish Ministry of Science, Industry and Technology are compiled from administrative taxation data and was provided upon request by the ministry. The key difference from the Chamber of Commerce data is that the sales and profits data include all businesses i... | {
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of the groups and the distances between them. For instance, (Bazzi et al., 2019) shows that polariza- tion increases ethnic attachment. Others have highlighted the reduction in trust, either interpersonal trust or institutional trust Alesina and Ferrara (2002); Beugelsdijk and Klasing (2016). To assess the importance o... | {
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60 80 100 Camp Hosts Female Camp Refugees Female Elementary occupations Machine operators/assemblers Craf/related trade workers Skilled agricultural workers Service/sales workers Clerical support workers Tech/associate professionals Managers/professionals Percent Figure 3.8: Female occupations Source: World Bank Staff ... | {
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The 355 municipalities are grouped into 25 GGD areas, each covering a population of approximately 600,000 inhabitants. The GGD borders are visible in figure 5 which visualizes the hospital admissions. The data is combined with demographic statistics (2019) obtained from the Dutch Central Bureau of Statistics.
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In doing so, this paper also relates to recent research using firm-level data to document effects of foreign acquisitions on firm performance, including Arnold and Javorcik (2009), Bloom et al.
In order to estimate equations (1), (2) and (3), we use data from the Orbis database
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5 interviewed (i. e., on the premises when the enumerators began their interviews) were included in this survey. Enumerators selected households within the catchment area randomly. Among households with an age-eligible child present (i. e., 0-35 months or 36-72 months), enumerators explained the purpose of the study an... | {
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8 households in each. To select a starting point the enumerator used a code of the day16 and chose every second house in rural areas and every fifth house in urban areas. The selection of individuals within the household to answer the questionnaire was conducted as follows: the head of household (male or female) was se... | {
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In contrast, the self-assessed entrepreneurial score is based on questions asking how well the respondent believes she could perform a series of six tasks related to starting or running a business, and can be considered a task-oriented measure of self-efficacy. The aggregate measure of entrepreneurial ability increased... | {
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Nevertheless, we believe that this analysis provides suggestive 13As mentioned earlier, this is per capita income for the three months prior to the ENIGH survey.
CADENA now offers weather index insurance for a variety of perils (e.g., drought, flood, hail), as well as area-based yield index insurance, which 2Sub... | {
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For a detailed definition see section 4 Household size Number of people included in the case records of each PA in Individual ProGress dataset Wage Income 1 if the household receives income from employment and / or daily or irregular work Income from remittances 1 if the household receives income from remittances Incom... | {
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obtained from the multilevel logistic model. Thus, I am confident that I did not lose substantial statistical information by dichotomizing this variable. 6. 2 Independent Variables 6. 2. 1 Socio-Demographic Variables I control for standard socio-demographic variables that can affect citizens ’ acceptance of government ’ ... | {
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These include topics like labor, finance (e. g., credit, debt, banking), agriculture / livestock / fishery, and education whereas FDP datasets are relatively rich in health, food insecurity, and water and sanitation in addition to coping strategies and protection. Furthermore, a large majority of questionnaires for the... | {
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The weight given to each province in constructing the synthetic control is based on pre-treatment outcomes. We use the pre-treatment average of the outcome dimension, Y, the unemployment rate, employment rate and the import and export per capita of the province to determine the degree of similarity between control grou... | {
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_replications. Contemporaneous cross-unit correlations are generated by computing the cross-correlations of residuals from_ _AR(I) regression of the first difference of Gross State Product for 20 U.S. states from 1963 to 1986 and of Gross Domestic_ _Product for 24 O.E. C.D. economies from 1960 to 1991._
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<!-- PAGE 10 -->
ILRI, and the World Bank (as part of the LDIA and LSMS-ISA projects [2] ) to start the survey
validation work that is documented in this paper.
2.2 _Milk production recall methods_
Using data from two microenterprise surveys in Sri Lanka, De Mel et al. (2009) find that
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market outcomes (Kotsadam and Tolonen 2016). Mining is also associated with more economic
activity measured by nightlights (Benshaul-Tolonen, 2019; Mamo et al, 2019).
Kotsadam and Tolonen (2016) use DHS data from Africa, and find that mine openings cause
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displaced due to armed conflict, situations of generalized violence and violations of human rights. 28 Data on IDPs monitored by IDMC are disaggregated and currently published separately for conflict-induced displacement and disaster-induced displacement. 29 At the country level the IOM ’ s Displacement Tracking Matrix... | {
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12 crop products (e. g., wheat, potatoes) and the value of five livestock products (i. e., milk, egg, butter, hides, and honey) sold in the market. 14 Several other data sources were utilized. First, the Ethiopian refugee camps location data set from the Humanitarian Data Exchange (HDX) 15 and the total number of refug... | {
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However, should ASM respond to large-scale activities, either by increasing or decreasing activity in the close geographic area, we will end up estimating the impact of these sectors jointly. In a later stage, should the opportunity arise, we encourage researchers to try to disentangle the effects of small-scale and la... | {
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The authors argue that Croats listened to Serbian radio for its consumption value but reacted negatively to national- istic messages intended for Serbian ears. Election results and street surveys are used to elicit preference for extremist nationalist parties among Croats who are able to listen to Serbian radio and tho... | {
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12 employment status and education level also significant at 10 %. Marital status and education are important predictors of attrition. As we might expect, these imbalances suggest some threats that, if left uncorrected, could undermine the parallel trends assumption of difference-in-difference estimators. That said, we... | {
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not better positioned to work in the formal private or public sector, their participation in trade and service relates to economic 47 This analysis uses the relaxed definition to measure the current employment status of the host community and refugees. 48 As the previous chapter highlighted, most of refugees engaged in... | {
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Since the poverty headcount only reflects the proportion of poor people, it is usually complemented by a measure of the depth of deprivation, the poverty gap, which estimates the average gap between poor individuals and the poverty line. All poverty measures constructed in such a way are based on an underlying welfare ... | {
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Addis Ababa Eritrean Somali South Sudanese Addis Ababa Eritrean Somali South Sudanese Addis Ababa Has hand washing place/item Water available Detergent available Hosts Refugees Percent Figure D.15: Hand washing facility Source: World Bank Staff based on SESRE 2023. Annexes 105 Table D.5: Labor force statistics by surve... | {
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Each respondent was presented with three vignettes, where key aspects of the sce- narios were randomly varied across respondents. These three vignettes were designed to probe the impact of different pull and push factors on the refugees ’ return deci- sion, allowing us to go beyond the data limitations of the above anal... | {
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used in the Skills Profile Survey (SPS) and SESRE, we find similar patterns in some of the indicators common in both surveys among in camp refugees such as demographic composition, primary and secondary net enrollments, housing condition, access to basic infrastructures, employment and attitude of hosts toward refugees... | {
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8 permits and subsequently for the right to work. In practice, this is a long and cumbersome process and by late 2015 at most several thousand had been issued. 14 The economic impact of Syrian refugees in Turkey extends beyond changes in the potential labor supply of informal workers in important ways. There has been e... | {
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### Financial Management Risk and Mitigation
The overall FM risk is rated **Substantial** due to the multiplicity of implementing agencies and the limited capacity of district-level accountants. Key mitigation measures include: (i) appointment of a dedicated FM specialist at the central PIU; (ii) mandatory use of the ... | {
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The upcoming section provides an overview of the situation facing Venezuelan migrants in Colombia, setting the stage for understanding the context within which our study is situated. Section three offers a comprehensive description of the VenRePS-Kids study, covering aspects such as the sampling frame, the instrument u... | {
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This assistance is crucial and has been reported to support a meal a day, a better roof, and dignity for Syrians who have fled to Jordan. 8 The JD ‐ HV database has detailed information on expenditure, sources of income, and indicators of household ‐ level welfare, for example, as reflected by recourse to coping mechan... | {
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An alternative version of the database that has been mapped to the United Nations (2006, 2009) Trends in International Migrant Stock database is available from the authors. These data are standardized over time in terms of the years to which they refer. { Table 3 here} Calculating Missing Gender Splits Although common ... | {
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III THE VENREPS-KIDS STUDY In this section, we offer a detailed overview of the VenRePs-kids Study, covering its de- sign, implementation, the questionnaire utilized, and the primary outcomes that will be employed to evaluate the human development disparities between forcibly displaced children and adolescents and thei... | {
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Anderson, J. (2011): “ The Gravity Model, ” Annual Review in Economics, 3 (1), 133 – 160. Angrist and Pischke (2009). Mostly Harmless Econometrics, Princeton University Press. AFAD (Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency of Turkey) (2013). Syrian Refugees in Turkey, 2013: Field Survey Results. Republic of Turkey ... | {
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Formula (5) can be decomposed into two parts: eδs, which measures the average income level in district s, and eηszh ≡ eβs (Eh s − Es) + eχs (Hh s − Hs) which captures individual-specific variation in income. Migration models predict that, other things being equal, the choice of migration destination should depend on g E... | {
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The resulting migration matrices should be viewed as work in progress, but they are an important step in an ongoing global effort to improve migration data. The matrices can be readily updated as additional or superior information surfaces, and they can easily be extended to include future census rounds. Bilateral data... | {
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UNHCR has adapted a policy of structured provision of health services for different
nationalities in order to maintain affordable access to secondary and tertiary referral
services. Essential secondary and tertiary referrals are available to eligible refugees of all
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Despite notable disparities in the characteristics of our sample compared to the VenRePS and RAMV samples, understanding the interaction of these attributes within a frame- work of self-selection among migrants into Medellin is challenging. Moreover, it is cru- cial to note two primary distinctions between our survey a... | {
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The Afrobarometer data reveal that technical capacity and not corruption or lack of accountability may be the reason local governments are not successful in transforming revenues into better public goods and services for better welfare outcomes.
Employment estimates in the artisanal gold-mining sector vary considerabl... | {
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Since the set of household members at baseline have subsequently moved, and usually not as a unit, the 2004 round results in more than 2, 700 household interviews (from the baseline sample of 912 households). Although the KHDS is a panel of respondents and the concept of a ‘ household ’ after 10-13 years is a vague not... | {
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-- PAGE 12 --> For the decomposition analysis of emissions intensity, we obtain annual country-level total passenger and freight transport traveled by road and rail from the World Road Statistics and the International Transport Forum databases.
The level of urbanization, and the value added from agriculture, manufactu... | {
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Our research complements and extends the findings of Demirci, Foster and Kirdar (2022), who investigated health and nutrition disparities between native children and Syrian refugee children aged 0 to 5 years in T ¨ urkiye, using data from the Demographic and Health Survey. The authors document find no significant diffe... | {
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4 The only publicly available sources of data to document patterns of enrollment and available educational options for Pakistani families are household-based surveys. These are the official 1998 Census of Population (Government of Pakistan) 3, the 1991, 1998, and 2001 rounds of the Pakistan Integrated Household Survey4... | {
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cents. The universe of blocks (“ manzanas ”) was stratified by socioeconomic strata and a representative sample of blocks was selected at random without replacement. To en- sure a sample representative of Colombian children by age group, stratum, and sex, we followed a multi-stage random sampling process. 8 As mentione... | {
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However, permit-holding status is neither sufficient for, nor necessary to, working in Israel. As of 2019Q4, just under a fifth of West Bank residents had the right to work in Israel and the occupied territories, but almost a quarter among them were not commuting across the border for work. The vast majority of such in... | {
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14 3. ANALYSIS Has the increase in Syrian refugees impacted the welfare and socioeconomic conditions of the host community? Summary statistics in the previous section showed clear trends of increasing poverty among recent migrants throughout the country, both near the Syrian border and across rest of the country. While... | {
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17 Revealingly, in Betts et al. ’ s (2013) survey of refugees in Uganda, 96 % of all interviewed households in the capital and 70 % outside the capital said they owned and used a mobile phone. They use this mobile phone to communicate with customers and suppliers, to get market information and to transfer money. Half o... | {
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The paper extends the GTAP 8 database by separating Lebanon, Jordan, Syria, Iraq, and West Bank and Gaza from the rest of the Western Asia aggregate and Algeria and Libya from the rest of North Africa. Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, UAE, and Oman are aggregated into a GCC composite group. In addition, the 57 sec... | {
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15 Source: Authors ’ calculations based on data from the High Frequency Surveys of Ethiopia (2017), Nigeria (2018), Somalia (2017), South Sudan (2017) and Sudan (2017). As the Sudanese sample surveys IDPs living in the Abu Shouk and El Salam camps, we must understand these deprivations with the background that these se... | {
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21 Table 6: Percentage of displaced individuals deprived in selected indicators by gender Ethiopia South Sudan Sudan Male Female Male Female Male Female Years of schooling 55 78 * * * 36 63 * * * 32 46 * * * School attendance 16 19 * * 21 29 23 23 Early marriage 3 13 * * * 8 75 * * * 6 50 * * * Unemployment 7 5 * * * 2... | {
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Page 12 of 51 Figure 6: Temporary employment by age group. (Mid-1990s / Mid-2010s) Source: Own calculations based on Household surveys. In the case of temporary employment, there is evidence of increasing female participation in the five countries analyzed, with large variations in several cases. Indeed, in the five co... | {
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15 resulting in government forces recapturing rebel held territory, establishment of a rebel base or headquarters, rebel activity that is not battle related (e. g. presence or the killing of civilians), and territorial transfers. The dataset consists of 4, 145 battle events for the 1960 – 2004 period. In the present an... | {
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NASA EOSDIS Land Processes DAAC. World Bank, 2018. Somalia drought impact and needs assessment: synthesis report (English). World Bank Group, Washington, D.C.
I consider 10 years of daily data for US Treasury zero rates (provided by Bloomberg):
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Notes: The graph plots local means of post-secondary school outcomes by ENLACE test
score ventile in grade 12. The solid line shows a linear fit estimated using the grouped data.
Panel (a) reports the probability of college enrollment; (b) reports the probability of being
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Using data from the Armenia Land Tenure and Area study - a study designed specifically for this analysis - we compare the implications of the use of a proxy respondent versus the recommended self-respondent approach and the use of aggregated land data versus parcel-level land data (recommended).
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20 Future prospects There are now a wide variety of survey instruments that are being designed for or adapted to measure income or consumption among FDP populations. Home visits initially designed by the UNHCR to question FDPs for protection purposes are being revised to ask questions on income and consumption, becomin... | {
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reason to believe that the provision of services by donors and non-state actors could either strengthen or weaken citizens ’ deference to government. I will identify the conditions under which these two scenarios are likely to occur. On the one hand, citizens may be less likely to support the government with deference ... | {
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1 POST-CONFLICT TRANSITIONS WORKING PAPER NO. 16 Population Size, Concentration, and Civil War. A Geographically Disaggregated Analysis * Håvard Hegre Centre for the Study of Civil War, PRIO (CSCW) Clionadh Raleigh CSCW, PRIO & University of Colorado at Boulder Abstract Why do larger countries have more armed conflict?... | {
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They have also been piloted ahead of data collection to test their validity and reliability. Results in table 4 indicate that assignment to NVSP has no impact on the three indicators for soft skills among selected youth for specifications 1 & 2 (see the 𝛿 estimate for columns 1, 2, & 3). The leadership skills measure ... | {
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29 evaluations have been conducted (Renton et al., 2000; Shaw, 2000; Shaw, 2002a; Shaw, 2002b; Paine et al., 2002; White, Greene and Murphy, 2003; Interagency working Group, 2003). For example, the Medical Research Council (from the United Kingdom) conducted an external evaluation of program effectiveness in the Gambia... | {
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The most recent labor force survey from Liberia mirrors these statistics: there are roughly 1. 1 million people in the workforce, of whom 195, 000 (about 18 percent) are engaged in wage employment; the remaining 900, 000-plus workers (82 percent) are considered in vulnerable employment, working for themselves or workin... | {
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No data on religiosity was collected as part of the census and a more recent and detailed household survey that includes information on time-use elicits little variation — everyone reports high mosque attendance and regular prayers. An alternative, suggested by David Evans at Harvard University, which we pursue here, i... | {
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10 Finally, we divide the communities based on land scarcity before the 1993 conflict in order to explore the possible role of posterior rules regarding land provision to returnees. Respondents in communities that had more and less pre-war land available have broadly similar attitudes towards return. 4. Research design... | {
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This allowed for consistent ranking the households into welfare quintiles and cross- tabulation of welfare status with household characteristics and indicators derived from the survey data. The imputation was carried out using s2sc algorithm in STATA. | {
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