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The household head interviews also provided an opportunity to gather useful household-level information (including assets, housing characteristics, and household head characteristics) to be used as control variables in our analysis. The baseline survey was conducted before participants were informed of the outcome of t... | {
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the West Bank and Gaza. Out of all the estimated coefficients for each period for both outcomes (job loss and job gain), we only find a negative effect on job gain in 2019Q4, which is very small in magnitude (1 percentage point). Taken altogether, the results presented in this section bolster our confidence that we are... | {
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The poverty map for 2009 is the result of collaboration between the World Bank and INSTAT (National Statistics Institute) and uses data from the 2009 census and the 2010 ELIM. One major methodological difference between the two maps is that the map of 1998 is based on a consumption model that considers urban and rural ... | {
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Power shortage data are reported annually by distribution companies (DISCO) to NEPRA and are published in the DISCO Performance Evaluation Report. The latest evaluation report includes shortage data at the DISCO level from year 2010-2011 to year 2014-2015.
Source: DISCO Performance Evaluation Report 2014-2015 by NEPRA... | {
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E Nigeria Somalia Sudan Host community Refugees Host community IDP Host community IDP Host community IDP No earners 40 % 51 % 62 % 50 % 32 % 64 % 7 % 45 % Remittance recipients only 7 % 8 % 76 % 69 % 16 % 37 %-- Female single earner 12 % 52 % 23 % 37 % 35 % 70 % 24 % 55 % Male single earner 8 % 23 % 4 % 14 % 24 % 50 % ... | {
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Some data sources (such as registration systems and population censuses) are more appropriate for estimating stocks of asylum-seekers, refugees and IDPs at a particular point in time, while other data sources (such as population tracking systems and border crossings) are more appropriate for estimating flows over a spe... | {
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Beneficiary assessments conducted in the southern provinces highlighted that women-headed households faced compounded barriers to accessing project services due to mobility constraints related to caregiving responsibilities and social norms discouraging women from attending mixed-gender community meetings. In response,... | {
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Markandya and Pedroso-Galinato (2007) dealt with cross-sectional data of 208 countries for 2000. The underlying production function was assumed to take a nested CES form. The results indicated a relatively high elasticity of substitutability between different types of capital; for example, loss of natural capital could... | {
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market access Level two 0.2065*** (0.0607) Level three 0.2358** (0.0788) Level four 0.3559*** (0.0769) Distance to Zone city (Km) 0.0022*** (0.0006) Market accessibility indicator -0.0792* (0.0330) Observations 742 737 742 Chi-square test 0.0000 0.0000 0.0000 R2 0.2517 0.2435 0.2128 Source: World Bank Staff based on SE... | {
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UNHCR regularly publishes statistical reports, including “ Global Trends ”, “ Mid-Year Trends ”, “ Asylum Trends ” and “ Statistical Yearbook ”. Additionally, UNHCR hosts interagency information sharing portals for significant emergencies. 87 These portals provide data on populations of concern at regional and country ... | {
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Figure 18: Significant Refugee Returns by Country of Origin 1991 – 2015 Source: UNHCR Statistical Online Population Database, UNHCR Global Trends 2015 Note: Countries selected based on their cumulative returns of refugees over the period 1991-2015. Return does not necessarily lead to the full reintegration of a person ... | {
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of trade with government. Because the dataset used for this study is cross- sectional rather than longitudinal, I am unable to examine whether citizens adjust their beliefs and behavior to relative changes in service delivery. I was only able to test whether there are associations between the absolute service quality a... | {
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This paper analyzes data from the initial wave of VenRePS-Kids, conducted from Oc- tober to December 2022, to outline key demographics and stylized facts about forcibly displaced children and adolescents. Initially, we examine the human development dis- parities of forcibly displaced Venezuelan children and adolescents... | {
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(24 percent) with higher livestock ownership relative to other domains. Somalis are also more likely to work for private households, including household services, construction, and agricultural work. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Camp Hosts Camp Refugees Employed Unemployed, searching Unemployed, not searching Inact... | {
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The assumption of perfect implementation, however, is quite strong as interviewers have shown a preference for selecting respondents willing to participate in the survey (Alt, 1991), and a number of other studies found that data collected with random walk designs exhibit differences from known population statistics on ... | {
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Figure 1: Data and Descriptive Statistics: Clusters, Refugee Camps, and Conflicts Revised refugee diversity indices. We first use Afrobarometer data to construct standard indices of diversity, namely the EF and the EP indices (Bazzi et al., 2019; Esteban and Ray, 1994). The EF index describes the probability that two r... | {
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**Component 2 Update: Infrastructure Works**
Civil works under 12 of the 14 contracted sites are progressing on schedule. ESMF compliance audits conducted in March found that all sites met the LMP requirements for worker accommodation and wage payment, but two sites required corrective action on dust and noise managem... | {
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of trade with government. Because the dataset used for this study is cross- sectional rather than longitudinal, I am unable to examine whether citizens adjust their beliefs and behavior to relative changes in service delivery. I was only able to test whether there are associations between the absolute service quality a... | {
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This study aims to assess the consequences of forced migration on ethnic diversity and conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa. We combine a unique dataset on refugee camps with individual data from the Afrobarometer Surveys across 23 African countries for the 2005 — 2016 period. We construct two standard measures of ethnic div... | {
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12 One could think of Jordan ’ s growth of local supply of public basic and secondary schools as a progressive public investment in human capital that increases the human capital production for children of marginal parents in terms of income and educational attainment. Those are parents who would have chosen higher inv... | {
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16 { Tables 4 and 5 here} Among the first six categories that are based on raw census data, three categories (raw scaled, R & R not scaled, and R & R scaled) are constructed through the summation of bilateral raw numbers and disaggregations of some aggregate categories in the original censuses. Since these categories t... | {
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26 value of consumption flow of durable goods. 22 While monetary poverty can measure temporal resource holdings, multidimensional poverty, as a more comprehensive measure, includes chronic and exacerbating sources of poverty. This difference explains the existence of mismatches between individuals identified as monetar... | {
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assemble annual observations as follows for each grid square: the first 40 from the CRU
scores). We do this for both future periods, as well as for the historical CRU data (here
of rainfall and temperature for the past (from the benchmark CRU series that we have
table presents average R [2] scores for the bivariate ... | {
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In settings with clearly distinguishable individual structures, these methods can also be reasonably accurate for the purposes of rapid estimation of displaced population (Checchi, et al. 2013). 101 The use of unmanned drones is also becoming more popular as the cost of this technology falls. This technique has been us... | {
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13 Commission for Reception, Truth and Reconciliation (CAVR). 7 This information has been collected from deponents to the Commission ‘ s statement-taking process. 8 We make use of data on the number of killings that occurred during the war in order to derive patterns and variation of violence in Timor Leste over time a... | {
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9 3. 1 Data Sources We use three different types of data to verify our estimates and determine how sensitive they are to changes in definition and the year of the survey. Two sources are nationally representative, but date from 2001 or before, the third is data from a census of households carried out by the authors in ... | {
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**Appendix C: Robustness to DHS Cluster Geocoding Uncertainty**
The standard DHS jitter algorithm displaces cluster centroids by up to 5 km (urban) or 10 km (rural). To assess sensitivity of our results to this measurement error, we implement a simulation in which each DHS cluster centroid is displaced 1,000 times by ... | {
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4 to 32 percent (see Table A1 in appendix). The total number of internally displaced people (IDP) outnumbers the stock of refugees in SSA and in the world but overall has followed a similar trend compared to the number of refugees (by country of origin). 1 Major civil wars in Central Africa mainly explained the peak in... | {
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0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Percent Worse Same Better Figure 5.8: Perceived changes in household living standards Source: World Bank Staff based on SESRE 2023. Note: The survey asks how the household living standard has changed compared to last year and the last five years. a. Last 5 years b. Last 1 year Refugees’... | {
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The model includes ϐixed effects for grade, school, and language spoken. 14 The results are presented in Table 3. We then narrow our focus to foreign students who joined Italian schools after February 2022, speciϐically comparing Ukrainian refugees to other newly arrived foreign students. This approach allows us to exa... | {
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approximated by wealth measured by the EMDHS asset index; and e)mothers' education. Note that the alternative
The asterisks indicate the significance level: *** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1. Standard errors in parentheses. Regressions take sample
design and household weights into account by using Stata's svy command. Da... | {
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Typically, registers have evolved over time (from parish records, for example). They were never developed specifically to record international migration information, and they vary considerably across countries. For example, the laws under which individuals are classified as migrants and the conditions under which they ... | {
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The LMP appended to the ESMF specifies that all contractors must submit workforce management plans prior to mobilization, detailing recruitment procedures, wage payment schedules, and the mechanism through which workers may raise concerns without fear of retaliation. Contractors employing more than fifty workers are re... | {
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Management Information System (EMIS) (UNHCR, 2020), and a separate chapter on refugee education is included in the annual education statistics report of the MoE. The GoE included expanding primary and secondary education for refugees in the national five-year Education Sector Development Programme VI (ESDP), covering 2... | {
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the intensity of conflicts, and iv) population density in refugee host countries by region. Appendix B presents the list of variables along with description and summary statistics. 5. Empirical strategy To estimate the impact of refugee inflow19 on host community ’ s livelihood strategy choice, we use the following bas... | {
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Protection monitoring data from the last four cycles indicate that freedom of movement restrictions remain the most frequently reported protection incident, accounting for 34 percent of cases. The Protection Monitoring Tool was updated in cycle 5 to include an additional question distinguishing between formal governmen... | {
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the World Bank's Poverty and Inequality Platform (PIP). PIP is managed jointly by the Data and
Research Groups in the World Bank's Development Economics Division. It reports both poverty
measures and inequality measures, including the Gini Index for 168 countries from 1968 to 2022. The
Gini index is based on primary... | {
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Individual characteristics Age, sex, education, language skill, years in exile SESRE Household characteristics Gender of household head, household size, head education level, access to electricity, productive asset ownership, food insecurity experience SESRE Community characteristics Community economic development stat... | {
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These may include skills on how to write a CV, prepare for job interviews, business and entrepreneurial skills to start a business, etc. In this regard, the mechanism for improving social cohesion values appears to have come from inter-community volunteering activities, rather than improvements in soft skills. (c) IMPA... | {
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17 Revealingly, in Betts et al. ’ s (2013) survey of refugees in Uganda, 96 % of all interviewed households in the capital and 70 % outside the capital said they owned and used a mobile phone. They use this mobile phone to communicate with customers and suppliers, to get market information and to transfer money. Half o... | {
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area probability sample. Specifically, we first stratify the sample according to the main sub-national unit of government (state, province, region, etc.) and by urban or rural location. Area stratifi- cation reduces the likelihood that distinctive ethnic or language groups are left out of the sample. Afrobarometer occa... | {
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decreased satisfaction. For example, using the German Socio-Economic Panel Survey (SOEP),
Two studies that use the German SOEP data (D'Ambrosio and Frick, 2007 and 2012) find that
using a set of European panel surveys concludes that absolute income is more important than
Current global counts rely on combining each ... | {
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Another way to view the connection between low return on education and youth frustrations is that the rapid intergenerational mobility in education has failed to yield similar mobility in either income or social status. This delinking between educational and occupational mobility has been documented for Egypt by Binzel... | {
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In principle, individual registration of IDPs is not used to determine the ‘ status ’ of an IDP, since IDPs have the same rights and entitlements as other citizens and do not need to apply or be granted a special legal status. 66 Rather, registration of IDPs can provide a basis for: (a) establishing the number, locatio... | {
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Nassar, R., J. Mastrogiacomo, W. Bateman-Hemphill et al. 2021. Advances in quantifying
power plant CO2 emissions with OCO-2. Remote Sensing of Environment. 264: 112579.
Nordhaus, W., A. Azam et al. 2006. The G-Econ Database on Gridded Output: Methods and
Data. Yale University.
Ye, X., T. Lauvaux, E. Kort, T. Oda, S. ... | {
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14 3. Refugees as Agents of Their Own Destiny 3. 1 The Composition of Africa ’ s Refugee Population and Its Consequences One of the first elements that catch the eye in Figure 6 is the difference in the composition of the refugee population in Africa compared to the rest of the world. The share of children and women am... | {
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For a detailed definition see section 4 Household size Number of people included in the case records of each PA in Individual ProGress dataset Wage Income 1 if the household receives income from employment and / or daily or irregular work Income from remittances 1 if the household receives income from remittances Incom... | {
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**4.1 Identification Strategy**
Our identification relies on variation in distance from each DHS cluster to the nearest gold mine, interacted with an indicator for whether the mine was actively extracting gold in the year the DHS cluster was surveyed. The key assumption is that, conditional on district fixed effects, ... | {
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with Disabilities in Addis Ababa. Briefing Note. UNICEF. (2019). Birth Registration for Every Child by 2030: Are WE on Track? New York. UNICEF. (2021). Education in South Sudan. Briefing Note. Vemuru, V., Sarkar, A., and Woodhouse, A.F. (2020). Impact of Refugees on Hosting Communities in Ethiopia: A Social Analysis. W... | {
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Migration and Economic Mobility in Tanzania: Evidence from a Tracking Survey Kathleen Beegle The World Bank Joachim De Weerdt EDI, Tanzania Stefan Dercon Oxford University, UK We thank Karen Macours, David McKenzie, and seminar participants at the Massachusetts Avenue Development Seminar, Oxford University and the Worl... | {
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Acknowledging the need for change, the South Sudanese Government signed the UNCRPD in February 2023. However,
substantial steps remain, including ratifying the optional protocol, establishing a national monitoring mechanism, and
effectively realising and implementing the principles of the UNCRPD.
Moreover, the African... | {
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The sample households are located within varying distance from the nearest refugee camp (approx. 67 to 76, 665 meters) (see Figure 3). 12DRDIP aims to improve access to basic social services, expand economic opportunities, and enhance environmental management for communities hosting refugees through providing funding f... | {
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REFodet = αod + γe + τt + β1Conflictot − 1 + β2Conflictet − 1 + β3Distanceed + ϵodet, (5) where REFodet is the stock of refugees of ethnic group e from country o in country d at year t. As we have data on yearly refugee stocks and would like to estimate the changes in these stocks over time using a gravity model, we in... | {
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Deciding on whether to flee or not to flee a conflict (the migration choice) can be an individual or household choice and risk coping strategies may include temporary migration, shuttling between places, migration of only selected members of the households or migration of the whole household. This implies that individu... | {
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21 Table 6: Percentage of displaced individuals deprived in selected indicators by gender Ethiopia South Sudan Sudan Male Female Male Female Male Female Years of schooling 55 78 * * * 36 63 * * * 32 46 * * * School attendance 16 19 * * 21 29 23 23 Early marriage 3 13 * * * 8 75 * * * 6 50 * * * Unemployment 7 5 * * * 2... | {
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Both treatment and control group respondents report equally high confidence in their ability to return to school “ should [she] decide to do so. ” These findings from the quantitative impact evaluation complement the results from a set of qualitative focus group discussions that were held with participants at the end o... | {
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The ESMF screening form requires the subproject proposer to answer a series of yes/no questions covering potential impacts on biodiversity, cultural heritage, land acquisition, labor rights, community health, and flood risk. Responses trigger a risk classification that determines the level of environmental and social d... | {
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street vending (48 % of those with at least 1 IGA), food processing for sale, including baking, cooking, and drying (16 %), and home production of crops, livestock, and fish (11 %). It is important to note that the EPAG program was not targeted toward the most vulnerable segments of Liberian society, but rather toward ... | {
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Protection monitoring in settlement areas revealed that the most common protection incidents relate to intra-community disputes over land boundaries and natural resource access, followed by documentation denial and cases of gender-based violence. Protection monitoring findings are disaggregated by sex, age, and legal s... | {
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<!-- PAGE 5 -->
tracks ownership of state business entities with at least 10 percent stake in over 90 countries, including
Romania. The first part of the paper examines whether the degree of ownership and control levels of SOEs
matter for differences in performances-in terms of employment, average wages, assets per wor... | {
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GIS-enabled monitoring of road rehabilitation subprojects allowed the PIU to track physical progress at the segment level using georeferenced inspection records uploaded by field engineers. Each road segment was assigned a unique GIS identifier linked to the MIS contract record, allowing financial and physical progress... | {
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29 evaluations have been conducted (Renton et al., 2000; Shaw, 2000; Shaw, 2002a; Shaw, 2002b; Paine et al., 2002; White, Greene and Murphy, 2003; Interagency working Group, 2003). For example, the Medical Research Council (from the United Kingdom) conducted an external evaluation of program effectiveness in the Gambia... | {
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The MHPSS technical working group convened three times during the reporting period to review the integration of psychosocial support into primary health care delivery. Discussions focused on staff caseload thresholds, supervision ratios for community-based MHPSS workers, and referral criteria for cases requiring clinic... | {
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The information was provided to the family either by a resident of the village or from family members who remained in their village in Syria. As part of this survey, we also collected information on the vulnerability of the sur- veyed refugees using the subset of common questions from the VAF and VASyr surveys. Since t... | {
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There is one limit to our approximation in Equation 4. The ethnic composition of refugees in each year t for a given origin – destination pair of countries obtained from the EPR-ER database is assumed to be homogeneous across camps of the same origin – destination pair of countries for the refugees at year t. This may ... | {
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set that satisfies this requirement is the World Value Survey (WVS) spanning the years from 1990 to 2011, that is, a period covering about 20 years.
in the WVS regarding immigrants are quite different from those of the ESS. Moreover, they are not available for all years, so we end up with only two countries from t... | {
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These tariff rate modifications are essential for this analysis as suggested by the substantial differences between the tariff rates available in the GTAP 8 database, especially those implied for Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon, and Syria (Figure 1), and the updated tariff rates, presented by country, product, and source in Appe... | {
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In aggregate, we expect to observe a negative relationship between the percentage of the population that reports displacement, but at the individual level we expect that experience with hosting may, in certain circumstances, be positively associated with perceptions of social cohesion, regarding perceptions of relation... | {
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the degree to which the global response should include a development element. We find that the average stood at around 10. 3 years at the end of 2015, with a median duration of 4 years, and significant sensitivity to a few situations. Such numbers re-emphasize the importance of effective humanitarian interventions on the... | {
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They can be viewed and downloaded at [https://doi.org/10.48529/2ZH0-JF55](https://doi.org/10.48529/2ZH0-JF55) or, currently, [https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/4218.](https://microdata.worldbank.org/index.php/catalog/4218) The citation is Andr´ee (2021). 6There are also country-specific data gathered by... | {
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17 Figure 10: Children aged 7-12 attending school (%) Source: Listening to Displaced People Survey, 2014 and 2015. 5. Challenges Faced by Returnees The results suggest that returnees were less affected by the crisis than IDPs and refugees. This is reflected in data on asset and livestock ownership, but also in the info... | {
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An alternative version of the database that has been mapped to the United Nations (2006, 2009) Trends in International Migrant Stock database is available from the authors. These data are standardized over time in terms of the years to which they refer. { Table 3 here} Calculating Missing Gender Splits Although common ... | {
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80 100 Addis Hosts Male Addis Refugees Male Addis Hosts Female Addis Refugees Female Self-employed Employee Public NGO/RRS Private household Unpaid Percent Figure 3.23: Work type by gender Source: World Bank Staff based on SESRE 2023. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Addis Hosts Male Addis Refugees Male Addis Hosts Fem... | {
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Page 28 of 51 Figure 20: Part-time employment by age groups. (Early 2000s / Mid-2010s) Source: Own calculations based on Household surveys Figure 21: Temporary employment by age groups. (Early 2000s / Mid-2010s) Source: Own calculations based on Household surveys A less clear picture is observed in the case of temporar... | {
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In 42 % of interviewed families, two children were attending school in displacement,
followed by families with three kids attending schools (35 %) and four kids attending school
(29 %). 16 % of families have one child at school, while in 10 % of families five children
attend the school in displacement.
Five families h... | {
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**Coordination and advocacy.** In response to the significant conflict-driven internal
displacement that has occurred, UNHCR has begun scaling up protection coordination in
areas where new IDP responses are now underway. UNHCR and partners are also taking
pragmatic approaches to address the mixed nature of displacement... | {
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1 POST-CONFLICT TRANSITIONS WORKING PAPER NO. 16 Population Size, Concentration, and Civil War. A Geographically Disaggregated Analysis * Håvard Hegre Centre for the Study of Civil War, PRIO (CSCW) Clionadh Raleigh CSCW, PRIO & University of Colorado at Boulder Abstract Why do larger countries have more armed conflict?... | {
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14 Source: Authors ’ calculations based on data from the High Frequency Surveys of Ethiopia (2017), Nigeria (2018), Somalia (2017), South Sudan (2017) and Sudan (2017). 5. 2 Composition of poverty Unpacking the headline numbers further, important patterns emerge about the composition of multidimensional poverty among f... | {
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Using Afrobarometer ’ s geocoded surveys, we focus on clusters as our unit of observation. 10 Our sample consists of 7, 547 such locations and 76, 518 individuals in 23 countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. “ The sampling universe normally includes all citizens age 18 and older. As a standard practice, they [we] exclude peo... | {
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services or institutional support Lack of freedom or mobility Lack of community/family networks Insecurity or discrimination Figure D.16: Top 3 difficulties with being a refugee by survey domains Source: World Bank Staff based on SESRE 2023. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Hosts Refugees Hosts Refugees Hosts Refugees ... | {
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C Details on outcome measures Outcome Variable Descriptions Psychological Well-being PHQ9 The standardized total score of 9 questions from the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ9) Life Satisfaction Index A standardized average of survey responses to four questions from Di- ener ’ s standardized scale, responses made a... | {
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14 3. ANALYSIS Has the increase in Syrian refugees impacted the welfare and socioeconomic conditions of the host community? Summary statistics in the previous section showed clear trends of increasing poverty among recent migrants throughout the country, both near the Syrian border and across rest of the country. While... | {
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Produced by the Research Support Team Abstract The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The pa... | {
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Papaioannou, 2016; Berman et al., 2017; Harari and Ferrara, 2018; Eberle et al., 2020; McGuirk and Burke, 2020b). As a further robustness check, we also use data on conflict incidence and intensity from the UCDP, which uses a more conservative definition of conflict. The UCDP dataset is manually curated and compiled wi... | {
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Specifically, a 1 percent increase of the refugees ’ presence5 leads to a 2. 7 and 15. 9 percent increase in the diversification of livelihood activities as a secondary occupation and value of livestock product sale, respectively. It should be noted that this analysis is taking place during a period where refugees in E... | {
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random variation, seasonal variation, and measurement error. Furthermore the FAO forces any CV to lie
motivation for this second approach, which is purely illustrative, is that the FAO derives this mean from
The third and final component needed to replicate the FAO calculations is to use the sample average of
daily ... | {
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10,000 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 Hosts Refugees Hosts Refugees Hosts Refugees Eritrean Somali South Sudanese Figure D.28: Value of productive assets in households with business Source: World Bank Staff based on SESRE 2023. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Percent 70 80 90 100 Hosts Refugees Hosts Refugees Hosts Refugees Er... | {
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than 500, 000 refugees, together accounting for half of all refugees and people in refugee-like situations (excluding Palestine refugees). Major refugee hosting countries are typically the neighbors of countries of origin. For example, Syria ’ s neighbors (Turkey, Lebanon, and Jordan) together accounted for 27 percent ... | {
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Surveys of employers consistently find that more than hard, technical skills, employers value these harder-to-quantify skills of honesty and integrity, problem-solving ability, work ethic, communication skills, the ability to work productively with others, responsibility and dependability (Blom and Hobbs 2007). The AGI... | {
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In aggregate, we expect to observe a negative relationship between the percentage of the population that reports displacement, but at the individual level we expect that experience with hosting may, in certain circumstances, be positively associated with perceptions of social cohesion, regarding perceptions of relation... | {
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10 Last, specific adjustments are made in the case of Germany and the Republic of Korea. For Germany, bilateral data are available only by nationality. However, these data fail to take adequate account of the large number of ethnic Germans who arrived from other countries between 1944 and 1950 (mainly expellees) and th... | {
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In a mortality study in Iraq, Galway et al. (2012) used GIS and Google earth imagery for household sampling. The method used gridded population data for selection of clusters. The first cluster sampling stage of their study used the ‘ Create Spatially Balanced Points ’ (CSBP) function in the ArcGIS (v10) software. Boo ... | {
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33 recommendations (Jewkes, 2000). Their efforts contributed to the Employment of Educators Act and new Department of Education guidelines, both of which were introduced in 2000. These regulations mandate dismissal of educators found guilty of sexual or physical assault, or of having a sexual relationship with a studen... | {
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2 1. Introduction The most common sampling approach for cross-sectional household surveys in the developing world is a stratified two-stage design (Grosh and Munoz, 1996). Following stratification based on administrative boundaries, clusters are selected in the first stage with probability proportional to size from a n... | {
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vices. Our findings reveal significant delays in the physical and cognitive development of Venezuelan minors compared to their Colombian peers. Specifically, we observe a 0. 3 standard deviation difference in Body Mass Index (BMI), indicative of nutritional status, and a 12-percentage point difference in the Peabody Vo... | {
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stipend money, and they were formed into small groups or"EPAG teams", each with a coach or mentor, to foster support networks and boost attendance. 3. Methodology 3. 1. Research design The impact evaluation of the EPAG project uses a randomized controlled trial, in which eligible applicants to the program were randomly... | {
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"descriptive_data": ... |
Nevertheless, censuses are the only nation-wide source of population data for potentially providing estimates of displaced populations, especially those in non-camp settings, and often provide a basis for sampling frames for survey instruments (UNHCR 2016). Capturing displacement situations in official statistics also ... | {
"entities": {
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5. 5 Ethnic diversity at different levels Despite the use of sampling weights in the construction of the diversity indices, we have no guarantee that our diversity indices are representative at the local level. Although similar ethnic diversity indices have been used at the local level (Nunn and Wantchekon, 2011; Rohne... | {
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In 2008, trained enumerators conducted face-to-face interviews in local languages with 26, 513 respondents across 19 countries. 5 The sample is designed as a representative cross-section of all citizens of voting age in a given country. The dataset used for this paper has a multilevel structure; individuals are nested ... | {
"entities": {
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"Afrobarometer"
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their earnings on household expenses than men. Most of these studies have focused on adult women, specifically married women with children. It is not known whether the same holds true for young women, who may have other spending priorities, have less experience in managing households, and have younger children. Given t... | {
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"named_data": "A data mention with a proper name: dataset, survey, database, index, census, registry, or information system.",
"descriptive_data": "A data mention ... |
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