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in December 2022 values. 61% 58% 59% 68% 56% 65% In Camp Addis Ababa Total Hosts Refugees Figure 5.4: Shares of food expenditure Refugees’ Aspirations 45 Expenditures for in-camp refugees is almost half that of hosts, despite the sizeable food aid and cash transfers (in selected camps) the WFP and UNHCR provide. The si...
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These tariff rate modifications are essential for this analysis as suggested by the substantial differences between the tariff rates available in the GTAP 8 database, especially those implied for Jordan, Iraq, Lebanon, and Syria (Figure 1), and the updated tariff rates, presented by country, product, and source in Appe...
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by the migration episode. These include the minors age and sex, the parent ’ s and grand- parent ’ s education pre-migration, and a wealth index constructed with retrospective in- formation on the household conditions pre-migration. 14 Grandparent ’ s education is used a proxy for living standards that is unaffected by...
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Language barriers, mental health challenges, and uncertain futures are identi­fied as major obstacles to integration. The study highlights the importance of tailored interventions, such as psycho­logical support and more dedicated teaching time, to foster refugee students ’ academic and social inclusion. This paper is ...
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Macro International, Demographic and Health Surveys, Beltsville, MD. <!-- PAGE 33 --> 8. **Comparison with Monitoring Results for India** A recent monitoring study for Indian households (World Bank, 2002; Balakrishnan, et al., 2002; Parikh, et al., 2001) has provided useful comparative information about survey su...
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14 Source: Authors ’ calculations based on data from the High Frequency Surveys of Ethiopia (2017), Nigeria (2018), Somalia (2017), South Sudan (2017) and Sudan (2017). 5. 2 Composition of poverty Unpacking the headline numbers further, important patterns emerge about the composition of multidimensional poverty among f...
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_UNHCR Discussion Paper –15 June 2013_ humanitarian mine action programme with local and international humanitarian agencies. Despite these positive developments there are still no activities related to survey and clearance, marking, or fencing being undert...
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Many detainees are facing ill ‐ treatment. Females are subjected to sexual harassment by security officers. According to UNHCR, there are 2. 7 million people of concern in Sudan (includes refugees, asylum ‐ seekers, IDPs, returned refugees, returned IDPs, stateless persons, and other concern), a lower number than 2015....
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##### **September/ October 2023 report** ###### Venezuela **trafficking networks.** After bilateral meeting between the Protection Cluster, the WGTiP and the FSL Cluster, a focal group was organized on October 10th. A total of 7 participants from UN Agen cies, AoRs, and local NGOs participated. WG members active...
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Due to the variations in weight and height ratios among children and adolescents according to gender and age, the benchmarks for determining nutritional status are specifically tailored to these factors. We adhere to WHO guidelines to calculate the standardized BMI values for minors. A BMI exceeding one standard deviat...
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Some data sources (such as registration systems and population censuses) are more appropriate for estimating stocks of asylum-seekers, refugees and IDPs at a particular point in time, while other data sources (such as population tracking systems and border crossings) are more appropriate for estimating flows over a spe...
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### 4.1 Operational Risk: Financial Management The CAT DDO facility will be the sole financing instrument for this operation. Disbursement is contingent on the government declaring a state of emergency following a qualifying natural hazard event and on the existence of an adequate crisis preparedness program. The CAT ...
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As we theorize, the positive externalities for local communities (in the form of improved service delivery), generated by Uganda ’ s integrative approach to hosting refugees, generally balance out these fears, which do not generate a backlash against refugees and inclusive migration policies. Improving basic services i...
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26 percent of refugees and their host children are too short for their age. Children in Addis Ababa have lower shares of stunting, but stunting rates are still high for OCP refugees (27 percent) and their hosts (24 percent) (Annex D, Table D.3). Overall, stunting rates are higher for boys than girls among both refugees...
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The cooperative medical scheme's claims database was accessed under a data-sharing agreement with the Ministry of Health to assess hospitalization rates and out-of-pocket expenditure patterns for the target population before the project intervention. These administrative records provided a cost baseline used in the eco...
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20 between 1948 and 1965, with increases in the percentage of adults with religious education in the cohorts born after this date. There is also wide geographical dispersion in the prevalence of madrassa education in Pakistan. Although all districts report that less than 2. 5 percent of children in the relevant age gro...
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lending operations database in each fiscal year. In sections 2 and 3 all operations that are IDA financed are considered. This includes development policy of outcome ratings provided by the World Bank's Independent Evaluation Group (IEG). The portfolio review examines how the IDA portfolio has evolved since 2001, ...
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sanitation including a lack of latrines, and fragile livelihood strategies; others reside in shared and overcrowded rental accommodation, or with relatives. **Returnees** : In 2016, more than 600,000 documented and undocumented Afghans returned from Pakistan and Iran including 372,577 registered refugees who returned ...
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due to armed conflict but for more idiosyncratic reasons. We check robustness of this approach in two ways: (i) using all of the refugee stock observations available in the data set, and (ii) computing refugee flows as the positive time differences in refugee stocks from year to year (setting negative time differences to z...
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such as education and caste. We also construct measures of social proximity between a migrant ’ s place of birth and each possible destination, using detailed available data on ethnicity, caste, language, and religion. We also investigate a number of factors that may influence the choice of migration destination but hav...
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This study aims to assess the consequences of forced migration on ethnic diversity and conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa. We combine a unique dataset on refugee camps with individual data from the Afrobarometer Surveys across 23 African countries for the 2005 — 2016 period. We construct two standard measures of ethnic div...
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community sampling were listed, and 12 households were randomly chosen and surveyed per EA. SESRE also selected 12 refugee and host households per EA, treating EAs as the Primary Sampling Unit and households as the Secondary Sampling Unit. (i) The distinct sampling designs and objectives of the two surveys render chall...
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4 Internal Conflicts and Refugees A particularly serious aspect of internal conflicts is the human suffering they generate. This is not only those who are killed or injured in conflict but the large number of people who are forced to leave their homes. The issue of refugees has received particular attention in Western medi...
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problems. Previous literature has shown that immigrants are more likely to move to locations where they have a network of peers from the same country. We show below that this is true among Venezuelans in Peru as well. Our main interest is on β1, which represent the impact of the labor market conditions in centro poblad...
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Maps of soil salinity and waterlogging risk were produced by the national agricultural research institute using a combination of soil profile data from the national soil database and satellite-derived vegetation stress indicators. These maps were reviewed during site selection to identify agricultural plots within the ...
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seekers. 81 There are several challenges associated with using central population registers to estimate refugee and asylum-seeker populations, including: consistency of the definition of refugees with the definition in the 1951 Convention and 1967 Protocol; difficulty and cost of establishing and maintaining a populati...
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The employment arm also significantly improves cognitive function as measured through an index of memory and basic arithmetic tests, a finding consistent with a large psychol- ogy literature documenting the relationship between cognitive processes and depression (Semkovska et al., 2019). As with physical health, improvem...
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countries covered in this study. We next turn to analyzing the factors that helped or hindered the return of Syrian refugees until early 2018. 3 Data and Empirical Strategy Return migration decisions are potentially influenced by expected payoffs in both the country of origin and country of asylum, as well as the individ...
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Programs designed to enhance employment among young people can focus on the supply side of the labor market, including skills training programs for both wage employment and entrepreneurship training; or programs to augment demand, such as wage subsidies, public works, and community service programs; or programs to help...
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Table 2 reports average daily hours in the three locations for a representative sample of 4,612 individuals drawn from 600 households in rural, peri-urban and urban areas of seven Bangladeshi regions A previous paper by the authors (Dasgupta, et al., 2004) has documented extensive indoor air-quality monitoring in the ...
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14 displacement. 55 % of the returnees reported to have been employed before the crisis and 36 % in June 2014. Over time the employment situation among the displaced has improved steadily and by December 2014 more people reported being employed than prior to the crisis. All the returnees were able to regain employment ...
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WDI data on electricity consumption only encompass output from power plants and hence may underestimate the intensity and volume of night lights in countries with a strong reliance on private generators. What about the economy of Somalia? National accounts data for Somalia have been non-existing since 1991, when the c...
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9 this oversubscribed list. Selection into the training group was based on a “ vulnerability score ” that gave priority to younger, female and unemployed individuals. Despite this approach, intake was “ fuzzy ”- participants were ordered by their vulnerability score, with the most vulnerable entering up until capacity....
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6. Robustness Checks 6. 1. Sample attrition Many challenges were encountered during survey implementation, due to the context – the densely populated and impoverished communities in and around Monrovia are difficult settings in which to find and track respondents — as well as the transience of a young study population....
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For the remaining one-to-many relations, we keep these ethnicities in the Afrobarometer as such and consider them as a single ethnic group. Some manual treatment can even further improve 4
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Do people run away from their home country when a conflict breaks out? Does the seriousness of the conflict matter in this decision? In which phase of the conflict do they leave? When do refugees come back to their home country? In order to answer these questions, we look at the impact of conflict incidence on 21We will re...
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education. In addition, information on their registration status is recorded, including refugee status, arrival and, where applicable, return date, and sub-district-level location information for last residence in Syria and current residence in the country of asylum. It also identifies kinship of individuals within each...
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Table 5: Coverage of Published Data on Location, Accommodation and Demographics 2015 Population end- 2015 (millions) Urban or Rural Location Accommodatio n Age Sex Refugees and people in refugee-like situations 16. 1 85 % 83 % 58 % 68 % Other people of concern to UNHCR 47. 8 (including 37. 5 IDPs) 70 % 47 % 25 % 39 % U...
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The observations of positive events contain more information than the non-event observations We therefore sample asymmetrically: We sample all of the transition events and 1. 0 % of the non-transition events. 3. 4 Disaggregated Independent Variables Local level data on land, population, and elevation is available in th...
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Existing research shows that due to the number of factors involved, no climatic or environmental hazards inevitably result in migrations. Many authors note that even if disasters become more frequent in the future, political efforts and measures of protection will be able to lessen the need to emigrate provided that th...
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17 Figure 10: Children aged 7-12 attending school (%) Source: Listening to Displaced People Survey, 2014 and 2015. 5. Challenges Faced by Returnees The results suggest that returnees were less affected by the crisis than IDPs and refugees. This is reflected in data on asset and livestock ownership, but also in the info...
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UNHCR (2021a) projects that the number of returnees will reach 141, 000 in 2021, up from 41, 000 in 2020. There are no datasets such as the one used in this study to explore the impact of post-2015 returnees on social cohesion and it is not possible to determine the degree to which our findings our applicable to this n...
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Survey instruments enable detailed questions to be asked about the characteristics and situations of households, and if they identify displaced populations based on self-reported migration history (including patterns and causes) they can enable the disaggregation of detailed data by displacement status. Additionally, m...
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List of acronyms CAR Central African Republic DHS Demographic and Health Surveys DRC Democratic Republic of Congo DTM Displacement Tracking Matrix FCS Fragile and Conflict-affected Situations GIDD Global Internal Displacement Database GIS Geographic Information Systems IASC Inter-Agency Standing Committee ICRC Internat...
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Introducing the UCDP Georeferenced Event Dataset. Journal of Peace Research. 1989-2019. 50 (4). Taylor, J., M. Filipski, and M. Alloush (2016). Economic impact of refugees. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113 (27), 7449 – 53. United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (2020). Global Trends: Forced Di...
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assignment process was conducted to assign the trainees to the first or second round of training. 9 Of those entered into the random selection, 1273 young women were assigned to the first round of training, with the remaining 808 to serve as a control group (the control group would participate in the second round of tr...
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27 Source: Listening to Displaced People Survey, 2014. 7. Conclusion The 2012 crisis in northern Mali led to widespread displacement. The welfare of the displaced – and those who returned – is monitored by combining a baseline survey with structured monthly follow-up interviews carried out by mobile phone. This innovat...
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4 In this study, we apply their techniques to understand gender differences among adults as well. 2. 2 Intrahousehold analyses of multidimensional poverty The literature on multidimensional poverty measurement and intrahousehold analysis is limited. Espinoza-Delgado and Klasen (2018) propose an individual-based multidi...
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**Appendix Table A3: LFS Sample Composition by Quarter and Region** | Region | Q1 2019 | Q2 2019 | Q3 2019 | Q4 2019 | |---|---|---|---|---| | Northern | 2,418 | 2,391 | 2,340 | 2,306 | | Central | 3,102 | 3,088 | 3,074 | 3,051 | | Southern | 4,211 | 4,187 | 4,190 | 4,168 | | Coastal | 1,890 | 1,878 | 1,855 | 1,843 | ...
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18 Figure 11: Timing of Return (%) Source: Listening to Displaced People Survey, 2014. 94 % of the returnees were displaced inside Mali and 6 % outside the country. 67 % went to Bamako, 11 % in Koulikoro, 9 % to Ségou, 5 % to Mopti and 3 % went elsewhere (Kidal, Gao and Sikasso). The majority returned between June and ...
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Figure 3: Ethnic Fractionalization and Ethnic Polarization Ethnicity. A major task for the construction of our dataset is the combining of data on ethnicity from various sources. Indeed, linking ethnic groups is challenging as ethnic identities are socially constructed and there are different definitions, categorizatio...
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ethnic group e at time t. It can also be expressed as one minus the Herfindahl index (Alesina et al., 2016). The EP index gives more weight to intergroup differences at the expense of within group homo- geneity. It can be defined as (Esteban and Ray, 1994, 1999; Montalvo and Reynal-Querol, 2005) 14 EPjt = Nrt X e = 1 (...
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Another ex- planation of these results could be the vulnerability of the Colombian population who in many cases has also a long history of internal forced displacement and violence. V. D Social Cohesion We also delve into the differences in secondary outcomes among Colombian and Venezue- lan adolescents concerning soci...
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Data on community characteristics were not collected. Due to confidentiality policies we only know the province in which a respondent currently resides, but not the administrative unit below the province level. This prevents us from merging the RDHS data with secondary data on geographical conflict intensity. Moreover,...
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In the ALTA study, perception of tenure security is asked on a scale from 1 to 5, ranging from "not at all likely [to involuntarily lose land]" to 'extremely likely [to involuntarily lose land]", in line with the joint module by FAO, World Bank, and UN-Habitat (2019). In the ALTA study, the non-response rates at the i...
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1) _Food consumption._ We include the value of food consumed from all possible sources, as measured in POF. This includes food acquired for consumption at home, which is collected in the household questionnaire of frequent acquisitions (POF 3). Food consumed at home can be acquired via monetary means, obtained through ...
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than 500, 000 refugees, together accounting for half of all refugees and people in refugee-like situations (excluding Palestine refugees). Major refugee hosting countries are typically the neighbors of countries of origin. For example, Syria ’ s neighbors (Turkey, Lebanon, and Jordan) together accounted for 27 percent ...
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19 As property prices in the worst affected areas reduced the most, low income households responded by moving into low-rent housing being offered in these locations. On the other hand, middle income households moved away to avoid risk, and the wealthy, for whom insurance and self-protection was the most affordable, did...
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Figure 1: Data and Descriptive Statistics: Clusters, Refugee Camps, and Conflicts Revised refugee diversity indices. We first use Afrobarometer data to construct standard indices of diversity, namely the EF and the EP indices (Bazzi et al., 2019; Esteban and Ray, 1994). The EF index describes the probability that two r...
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humanitarian emergencies and protracted refugee status. Forced displacement is a pressing issue in the country, a result of conflict, drought, flood, economic instability, and political instability in neighboring countries (Martin, 2010; UNHCR, 2020d; IPCC, 2019). As of year-end 2023, more than 922,000 refugees and asy...
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13 Proposition 7 State-Level Effects of Population Size: The risk of civil war events at a location varies with the size of the population of the country to which the location belongs, controlling for the local effects. 3 Research Design 3. 1 Unit of Analysis To distinguish between the different theoretical statements ...
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**4)** **Slope** is measured by the area weighted average of slope categories. This variable is calculated based on data from the Harmonized World Soil Database version 1.2 with eight slope classes: 1 for least steep (elevation of 0-0.5 percent) and 8 for most steep slope (elevation greater than 45 percent). **5)** **...
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However, it also highlights the APC’s limited capacity to collect protection data and build up a more robust and comprehensive protection analysis. The main challenges have been identified as limited humanitarian access, sensitivity related to some protection thematic, a lack of information sharing among different agen...
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is largest in the Somali domain (where it increases to 89 compared 76 percent for males). A similar pattern is observed regarding being comfortable with having a refugee neighbor. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Eritrean Somali South Sudanese Addis Ababa All Hosts Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree Percen...
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11 the region. Third, again due to cultural closeness, the nature of these variations is known across the region. 9 Additional measures: We collected usual socio-economic and demographic information, including: age, gender, marital status and education. In addition, we collected data on self- reported risk preference a...
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capital, and concentration in low wage jobs. Furthermore, most of these jobs are in the service sector which potentially could have freed up time, especially for Peruvian women to be more engaged in the labor market, as well as lowered the costs for these types of goods and services. Venezuelans also might have expande...
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Beneficiary assessments confirmed that the most significant barrier to cooperative membership for women was the requirement to present land title documentation as proof of agricultural practice. Since women in the project area rarely hold formal land title independently of their husbands, this requirement effectively e...
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of difficulty, ranging from those suitable for children as young as 2 and a half years old to more complex items for individuals over 18 years old. 19 The Peabody Vocabulary Test is calibrated with a mean standard score of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, placing scores between 85 and 115 within the average range. T...
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However, we can- not exclude the possibility that refugees would sort non-randomly into areas with particular ethnic characteristics. 19 In order to address this potential endogeneity, we implement an instrumental variable (IV) ap- proach. We are particularly concerned about certain ethnic groups from certain countries...
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Second, the Turkish LFS asks respondents whether they had previously lived in a different province (one of Turkey ’ s 81 NUTS 3 regions), and if so in what year they moved to their current province. We estimate the impact of refugees on the probability a native moved to a subregion in the past year. Table 9 reports OLS...
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that are at a maximum distance of 80 km from the 7, 547 clusters. 12 Figure 1 shows the locations of these refugee camps and clusters. Clusters are represented in green, while clusters in the vicinity of a refugee camp are represented in red. Refugee camps are designated with a red + sign. There are some important limi...
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and girls. Maternal and reproductive health services remain underdeveloped in some areas, struggling to be fully effective due to a lack of material and financial support. **5.2** **Social inclusion** The most significant differences or restrictions in terms of socio-economic development affecting refugees with parti...
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The SEIS was designed as a nationally representative survey of households with at least one member holding refugee or asylum-seeker status, and the sampling frame was constructed from UNHCR's biometric registration database. SEIS enumeration areas were selected with probability proportional to size, stratified by settl...
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Third, the EPAG program was designed around the girls'needs: service providers held both morning and afternoon sessions, to accommodate the participants'busy schedules; trainings were held in the communities where the girls reside; and every site offered free childcare. Fourth, frequent and unannounced monitoring visit...
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By 2002, ReproSalud had reached over 123, 000 women and 66, 000 men. Qualitative and quantitative evaluation data suggest that the community-based PLA approach had a positive impact on attitudes and behaviors related to gender based violence (Rogow and Bruce 2000; Ferrando, Serrano, and Pure, 2002, cited in Boender et ...
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4 The article employs a unique data source from Jordan, the 2010 Jordan Labor Market Panel Survey (JLMPS 2010), which includes information on parents ’ schooling for every adult in the sample, along with the 2010 School Census produced by the Jordanian Ministry of Education (Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, 2010). The scho...
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Finally, we show using the IPUMS dataset that children born in the United States to men born in China are more likely to be boys, but this finding does not hold for children born to women from China." A very clear pattern emerges from the third of a million births in the one percent sample of the 1990 Chinese census. ...
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14 3. ANALYSIS Has the increase in Syrian refugees impacted the welfare and socioeconomic conditions of the host community? Summary statistics in the previous section showed clear trends of increasing poverty among recent migrants throughout the country, both near the Syrian border and across rest of the country. While...
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4 In this study, we apply their techniques to understand gender differences among adults as well. 2. 2 Intrahousehold analyses of multidimensional poverty The literature on multidimensional poverty measurement and intrahousehold analysis is limited. Espinoza-Delgado and Klasen (2018) propose an individual-based multidi...
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REGIONAL BUREAU FOR SOUTHERN AFRICA ###### **POPULATION OF CONCERN IN SOUTHERN AFRICA REGION** 30 September 2022 **PoCs IN SOUTHERN** **AFRICA REGION*** **521,512** **REF** **41,283** **REF** **13,762** **ASY** **1,291** **ASY** **5,526,022** **IDP** **REF** **ASY** **OOC** **RET** **KEY FIGURES** ## **8,...
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3. 5 Forecasts of Program Impacts The forecasters were mainly researchers working on topics in migration and development eco- nomics, or those with expertise in humanitarian program implementation, and were asked to predict effects on the program ’ s primary outcomes. For round 1, a total of 61 individuals, comprising ...
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the standard ethnic diversity indices to include the annual variation in refugee ethnicities. 8 We then construct a measure of proximity between the clusters in the host country and refugees in surrounding camps by defining an 80-km buffer around each cluster. 9 To control for unobserved heterogeneity and changes withi...
{ "entities": { "named_data": [ "Armed Conflict Location and Event Data", "Uppsala Conflict Data", "Ethnic Power Relations- Ethnicity of Refugees (EPR-ER) 2019 dataset" ], "descriptive_data": [ "UNHCR refugee camp data" ], "vague_data": [] }, "entity_descriptions": { ...
month placement and support phase in which the trainees were supported in their transition to self or wage employment. Upon recruitment, the participants are assigned to a"Job Skills (JS)"track or a"Business Development Services (BDS)"track. When possible, the participant's track preference was honored; however, the de...
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Notably, while we cannot rule out that time outside due to employment may play a role (e. g., fresh air may boost one ’ s mood), our time-use data indicates that the average refugee already spends at least three hours outside per day, with no measurable difference between employed and cash arms. As we are powered to det...
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this marginal progress. In 2020, the COVID pandemic closed markets, albeit relatively briefly, and this immediately decreased job opportunities. While most reentered the labor market, many changed their work situation, and some permanently exited the workforce or reduced working hours. At the same time, more and more p...
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If many people migrate to a specific location, such as the capital city, this is likely to affect wages, incomes, and access to amenities in that location. 7 This would generate a potential endogeneity bias due to the fact that incomes and amenities in that location result in part from the decision of many migrants to lo...
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- This report includes all referrals data for the period January to December 2016 - Data was collected from 11 sites; 6 Urban (Amman, Zarqa, Mafraq, Irbid, Ramtha, and south Mobile Medical Unit), 4 camps (Zaatri, Azraq, Cyber City and King Abdullah Park), and Ruwaishid. - Data was captured on-site daily then compiled...
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7 UNHCR Pakistan PA 2016 participants reported regularly experienced arrest, detention, threats of deportation and extortion (Punjab: 24% female / 17% male; KP: 4% female / 5% male; Sindh: female 7% /male 10%; Baluchistan: 7% female / 4% male) 8 Locations that reported Police Harassment to be the most common safety ...
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Humanitarian organizations such as UNHCR and OCHA as well as international organizations such as IOM are also involved in the collection of data on IDPs, often involving international and local 59 OCHA is the part of the United Nations Secretariat responsible for bringing together humanitarian actors to ensure a cohere...
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The age categories are 15 – 19, 20 – 24, 25 – 29, 30 – 34, 35 – 39, 40 – 44, 45 – 49, 50 – 54, 55 – 59, and 60 – 64 years. There are 183 groups since we exclude groups containing less than 40 observations. 24 An additional advantage of the IV approach is that it helps deal with measurement problems. Despite the improve...
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14 Bearing in mind that this data is then translated to semi-annual data, i. e. the specific month is not used, among those who reported the starting month of their different jobs, the probability of starting a job in a given half-year was approximately 50 percent. We, therefore, think that a random assignment that giv...
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The most recent labor force survey from Liberia mirrors these statistics: there are roughly 1. 1 million people in the workforce, of whom 195, 000 (about 18 percent) are engaged in wage employment; the remaining 900, 000-plus workers (82 percent) are considered in vulnerable employment, working for themselves or workin...
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4 single caregivers, are an extremely vulnerable group and especially so if principal applicant is a woman or girl. Moreover, poverty gaps between male and female principal applicant ’ s for these households remain after humanitarian assistance is received. To understand how gender differentiates the poverty experience...
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**Annex 8: SIGAF Configuration and Reporting Requirements** The SIGAF installation at the PIU uses Version 4.2 of the government's integrated financial management system. Key configuration parameters include: project budget structure mapped to the loan disbursement categories; reporting hierarchy linking district acco...
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Restrictive norms perpetuated by men continue to severely restrict women ’ s access to the formal labor market. Fortunately, the Jordanian government has worked in recent years to address this problem. For example, in the amendment made to the Jordanian labor law in 2019, the provision of childcare services was made ma...
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The Women ’ s Empowerment in Agriculture Index (WEAI) (Alkire et al. 2012) uses individual-level data, and the linked Gender Parity Index reflects inequalities across women and men ’ s deprivation scores within the same household. Alkire, Apablaza and Jung (2014) design and implement an exploratory individual-level MPI...
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**Annex 3: Flood Hazard Maps — Data Sources and Update Schedule** Flood hazard maps were derived from three hydrological datasets: (i) daily streamflow records from 18 gauge stations maintained by the national water authority for the period 1990–2022; (ii) a 12.5-meter resolution digital elevation model produced from ...
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15 Source: Authors ’ calculations based on data from the High Frequency Surveys of Ethiopia (2017), Nigeria (2018), Somalia (2017), South Sudan (2017) and Sudan (2017). As the Sudanese sample surveys IDPs living in the Abu Shouk and El Salam camps, we must understand these deprivations with the background that these se...
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Using a survey of 4,500 manufacturing firms for the year 2010-11, this paper estimates the impact of electricity shortages on firm productivity in Pakistan. We match firm-level data from the Census of Manufacturing Industry conducted by the Pakistan Bureau of Statistics with district-level power shortage data reported...
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violent conflict. Besley and Mueller (2015a) argue that foreign investors seem to know that growth volatility changes with strong executive constraints and therefore react significantly to their adoption. In summary, the literature suggests that a lack of constraints on executive power at the country level could play a k...
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