ai4data/datause-train-v1 · Datasets at Hugging Face

input stringlengths 112 2.1k	output dict
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| 72. Gender. The project is aligned the with Gender strategy 2024-2030 and specifically responds to two priority areas of the strategy (i) expand and enable economic opportunities and (ii) advances in women’s participation in decisio...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| resilience: learning from the ecological wisdom of living with floods in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Landsc Urban Plan 155:69–78 McElwee P et al (2017) Flood vulnerability among rural households in the red River Delta of Vietnam: impli...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "FLOPROS" ], "acronym": [ "FLOPROS" ], "datatype": [ "database" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Vietnam", "Mumbai" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acro...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| eligible expenditures, and other details will be defined in an updated DCRM Manual for Phase II, approval of which by the World Bank is a disbursement condition. The sub-component will: (a) fund data collection to measure strains on sch...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "data collection to measure strains on schools, health facilities, and water points in the RHDs" ], "datatype": [ "collection" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Policy Research Working Paper 7388 ### Abstract As part of a national experiment in 2008, Chengdu pre fecture implemented ambitious property rights reforms, including complete registration of all land together with measures to ease ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "regular household panel" ], "producer": [ "Statistics Bureau" ], "datatype": [ "panel" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ], "geography": [ "China" ] }, "relations": [ { ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| represent riverine and coastal flood hazard for Vietnam considering climate change. Second, we examine how exposure to floods differs based on socioeconomic characteristics, with an explicit focus on poverty. Our results indicate that c...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "current and future flood data", "current population and poverty data" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive", "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background", "background" ], "geography": [ "Vietnam" ] }, "relations": [ {...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| their accommodation in the coming months should there be need for collective accommodation facilities to create additional space for newcomers. Participants also expressed significant financial strain in covering the costs of their acco...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "respondents" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "respondents", "tail": "vague" } }, { "has_usage": { "head": "respondent...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank Socio-economic Inclusion of Refugees & Host Communities in Rwanda Project Phase II (P509677) \|Data source\|BDF records on beneficiaries and loan amounts.\| \|---\|---\| \|Methodology for Data<br>Collection\|Accessed from loa...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "BDF records on beneficiaries and loan amounts", "Project MIS", "Project Progress Reports" ], "producer": [ "BDF" ], "datatype": [ "records", "system", "Report" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named", "desc...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| 26.9 percent in Markazi, and 46 percent in Djibouti-Ville. [10] Livelihood opportunities in refugee villages are scarcer than in the capital, exacerbating food security challenges, and even highly educated refugees struggle to find empl...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Djibouti Education Statistics for Refugees", "Annuaire Statistique 2023/2024", "Regional Report Draft" ], "producer": [ "UNHCR", "Ministry of Education and Vocational Training of the Republic of Djibouti" ], "timeframe": [ "2024", ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Figure A1. Access to infrastructure: Varying the cutoff and spatial lag model Panel A Household has electricity Panel B Household has radio a. Varying cutoff a. Varying cutoff b. Spatial lag model **b. Spatial la...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "DHS individual-level data" ], "acronym": [ "DHS" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "DHS individual-level data", "tail": "DHS" } },...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| ###### III.2 Country level analysis The impacts of SLR on coastal wetlands were also estimated for individual countries. Table 2 summarizes our results by presenting the 10 most vulnerable countries. Estimates indicate large effects...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "GLWD Coastal Wetlands" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "Argentina, Iran, China and Mexico", "Vietnam", "China", "Libya, Egypt, Mauritania, India and Argentina", "Libya and Egypt...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| after the 2005 floods, it was slow to arrive and the amount delivered was inadequate to support losses suffered (Patankar 2015). Given that poor people have consumption closer to subsistence, a substantial loss from floods in the absenc...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "qualitative focus groups across the country (in An Giang, Kien Giang, Kon Tum, Hoa Binh, and Bac Nih)" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Vietnam" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_sp...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| _Note:_ This figure shows the mine locations and the district in which the mines are located. The baseline specification is shown in the following equation: Y�� - β�active_district�� - ∝�� g� �λX�� ε�� 3� The outcome for individual ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "individual-level data" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "individual-level data", "tail": "descriptive" } }, { "has_usage": ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| by the recipient (such as limited/restricted competitive bidding, request for quotations/shopping, direct contracting), will be consistent with the requirements set out in paragraphs 5.3 and 5.4 d. as appropriate. 13. **Publication (adv...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "United Nations Development Business online" ], "acronym": [ "UNDB online" ], "producer": [ "World Bank" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| 6. Summary and Conclusions In this paper, we have constructed a spatial panel database of cyclone tracks and coastal landfalls in Bangladesh, West Bengal and Odisha. For 1960-2016, our tracking data come from the Bangladesh Meteorol...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "spatial panel database", "Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD)", "India Meteorological Department (IMD)", "country reports in the global IBTrACS database" ], "acronym": [ "BMD", "IMD" ], "producer": [ "Bangladesh Meteorolog...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| guarantee scheme that are<br>operational 1 year after the intervention.\| \|Frequency\|Quarterly\| \|Data source\|Project MIS and Project Progress Reports.\| \|Methodology for Data<br>Collection\|Monitoring project implementation including repor...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Project MIS", "Project Progress Reports", "BDF data", "BRD data" ], "datatype": [ "Reports" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named", "vague", "vague" ], "usage": [ "primary", "primary", "support...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| ZRHCP Zambia Refugee and Host Communities Project	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| at the country level. Our overall environmental indicator is the mean of the five thematic indicators. [9] We use log values for the analysis because the size distributions of country indicators and resource allocations are extremely 8 ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Bank lending" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "Bank lending", "tail": "descriptive" } }, { "has_usage": { "head": ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank Costa Rica Results in Education (CORE) (P181174) F. Lessons Learned and Reflected in the Project Design 41. **Education technology policies and projects should be developed with a clear purpose, strategy, and visi...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Costa Rica Results in Education", "Moldova Governance e-Transformation Project (P121231)" ], "acronym": [ "P121231" ], "producer": [ "World Bank", "World Bank" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named" ], "usage": [ ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| # PROTECTION BRIEF CZECHIA ### JULY- SEPTEMBER 2024 ## Operational Context Based on the number of Ukrainian refugees who applied for an extension of Temporary Protection in 2024 (320,000), the figures of Temporary Protection hol...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Protection Monitoring interviews", "Ministry of the Interior" ], "producer": [ "Ministry of the Interior" ], "timeframe": [ "2024" ], "datatype": [ "interviews" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive", "named" ], ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| students registered in online English learning app <br> <br>\|IRI 3.1.3 Number of students registered in online English learning app** <br> <br>\| \|Description\|Students registered in the online app will be measured in real time.\| \|Fre...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "online English learning app", "Administrative records from MEP Department for Technical Secondary Education" ], "acronym": [ "MEP" ], "producer": [ "The English learning app", "MEP Department for Technical Secondary Education" ], "ti...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| and so on), and nearby households. A key social infrastructure priority is schools, which are massively overcrowded and lack classroom capacity; teacher accommodation; and appropriate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). Energy for sc...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "2010 census", "2022 census" ], "timeframe": [ "2010", "2022" ], "datatype": [ "census", "census" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named" ], "usage": [ "background", "background" ], "geograph...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| and gold production was booming. The first gold rush occurred between 1892 and 1901, and the second after World War I. Gold production decreased at the dawn of independence in 1957, and remained low until the 1980s. Over the last 20 yea...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "official Ghana statistics" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Ghana" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "official Ghana statistics", "tail": "de...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| (GSS). [2] Point coordinates (global positioning system [GPS]) for the surveyed DHS clusters [3] allow us to match all individuals to one or several mineral mines. We do this in two ways. First, we calculate distance spans from an exact...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "DHS", "GLSS" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named" ], "usage": [ "primary", "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "DHS", "tail": "named" } }, { "has_usage": { ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| price increasing profitability and extending life length. The expansion across artisanal small-, medium-, and large-scale mining contributed to an increase in total production that rose from 541,147 oz in 1990 to 3,119,823 oz in 2009 ac...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Policy Research Working Paper 6277 #### Abstract Scientific evidence indicates that global warming could well lead to a sea-level rise of 1 meter or more in the 21 [st] century. This paper seeks to quantify how a 1-meter sea-level r...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Global Lakes and Wetlands Database" ], "datatype": [ "Database" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "East Asia", "Middle East and North Africa", "East Asia, China and Vietnam",...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Bank's response. We begin by constructing an overall indicator of environmental problems from our thematic indicators. Using regression analysis, we find a strong relationship between countries’ general indicator values and the scale of...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "thematic indicators" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "thematic indicators", "tail": "descriptive" } }, { "has_usage": {...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| in housing prices (Daniel, Florax, and Rietveld 2009). In Ho Chi Minh City, for instance, qualitative surveys suggest flood-prone areas can be much cheaper than non-flood-prone areas for the same quality of accommodation (World Bank and...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "qualitative surveys", "a household survey in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania" ], "producer": [ "Erman et al." ], "timeframe": [ "2019" ], "datatype": [ "surveys", "survey" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive", "named" ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| flood risks. Indeed, large coastal cities are likely to be risk hotspots. Hallegatte et al. (2013) estimate the flood risks in the world’s 136 largest coastal cities. They show that population and asset growth, climate change and subsid...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "high-resolution flood and population data" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "high-resolution flood and population data", "tail": "vague" } ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank Integrated Community Resilience Project (P506969) PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT support nutritional consumption needs - accompanied with SBCC to promote human development behavior change good practices; (ii) financial in...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Social Registry" ], "producer": [ "World Bank" ], "datatype": [ "Registry" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ], "geography": [ "Djibouti" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_produce...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| through the project grievance redress mechanism that are resolved (Percentage). Economic and Financial Analysis 69. Results of Economic Analysis without Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Accounting. The results of the economic analysis indic...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Environmental Externalities Accounting Tool" ], "acronym": [ "EX-ACT" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "Environmental Externalities Accounting T...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| direct and indirect human actions. Fifth, we have not estimated the net present value of the coastal wetland loss over a period of time. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 summarizes the data sources and descr...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "World Vector Shoreline" ], "producer": [ "National Geospatial Intelligence Agency" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_producer": { "head": "World Vector Shoreline", ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| more progressive approach to refugee inclusion.** There is a general recognition in Government that a shift to self-reliance and a move away from humanitarian support is required. Zambia’s Eighth National Development Plan (8NDP) has a v...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Eighth National Development Plan" ], "acronym": [ "8NDP" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Zambia" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "Eighth Natio...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| to build resilience in districts experiencing large refugee inflows. A pilot to reduce gender-based violence (GBV) and violence against children (VAC) also contributed to social cohesion. A 2022 World Bank study on forced displacement r...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "2022 World Bank study on forced displacement" ], "producer": [ "World Bank" ], "timeframe": [ "2022" ], "datatype": [ "study" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| will be implemented as per a simplified procedure set out in a project CERC Manual. National and World Bank emergency response procedures for procurement and disbursement would apply, and component activities will be carried out in line...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "data on refugees" ], "producer": [ "UNHCR" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ], "geography": [ "Uganda" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_producer": { "head": "data on refugees", ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| zones by constructing a buffer around each storm polyline whose width is the storm’s radial distance from center to the zone of maximum wind speed. For high-resolution location of landfalls, we construct a coastal boundary polyline for ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "our database" ], "datatype": [ "database" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Bangladesh" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "our database", ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Some coastal zones in our study area invest significant resources in damage prevention via polder construction and other measures, while others offer compensation once cyclone-related damage has occurred. Incorporation of controls from ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "cyclone panel database" ], "datatype": [ "database" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ], "geography": [ "Bangladesh" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "cyclone pane...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| 1. Introduction Natural disasters are estimated to cause an average of over $300 billion in direct asset losses every year; this estimate increases to $520 billion when considering the well-being (or consumption) losses experien...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "high-resolution flood and population data" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "Bangladesh and Nigeria", "Vietnam" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Table 7: Land values and rental price by ownership status and region Region Tenure Total Central Eastern Northern Western _Mailo_ / Customary Freehold Parcels held under ownership Self-assessed land value (USD/acre; medi...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "2005/06 UNHS III" ], "acronym": [ "UNHS III" ], "timeframe": [ "2005/06" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "2005/06 UNHS III", ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| _Note:_ Figure 5 shows the main treatment coefficients ( _active*mine_ ) using the baseline estimation strategy (with DHS individual-level data; see table 4 for more information) in the top panel, but with different cutoffs (10 km, 20 k...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "DHS individual-level data" ], "acronym": [ "DHS" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "DHS individual-level data", "tail": "DHS" } },...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| similar instrument.\| \|Frequency\|Annual.\| \|Data source\|Annual survey.\| \|Methodology for Data<br>Collection\|Survey.\| \|Responsibility for Data<br>Collection\|MINEMA.\| \|**Increase in social cohesion score between refugees and host community ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Annual survey" ], "producer": [ "MINEMA" ], "timeframe": [ "Annual" ], "datatype": [ "survey" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_producer": { ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Act of 2010) that will enhance opportunities for protection and solutions for self-reliance. [16] To assist policy delivery, the Government has established an interagency National Steering Committee chaired by the Office of the Vice Pre...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Meheba Local Area Plan" ], "producer": [ "GRZ" ], "timeframe": [ "2023" ], "datatype": [ "Report" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Zambia", "Africa" ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| 2024 CRITICAL FUNDING NEEDS IN EUROPE ###### Ukraine Situation As the full-scale war in Ukraine continues unabated, ongoing hostilities are heavily impacting civilians, with 3.7 million people currently internally displaced. [1]...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Regional Refugee Response Plan" ], "acronym": [ "RRP" ], "producer": [ "UNHCR" ], "datatype": [ "Plan" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "EUROPE", "Ukraine...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| women as of 29 September 2024 [1] and children [2] ## 98% 34% of Protection Monitoring respondents are Temporary Protection holders ## 34% of Protection Monitoring respondents are of respondents consider accommodation as Temporary Prote...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Protection Monitoring respondents" ], "producer": [ "Ministry of the Interior, Czechia" ], "timeframe": [ "2024" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_producer": {...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| incorporate our long-run panel of cyclone data may contribute important insights about climate change adaptation on the coastal “front line”. 23	{ "entities": { "name": [ "long-run panel of cyclone data" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "long-run panel of cyclone data", "tail": "descriptive" } }, ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Figure A2 Using GLSS: Employment and wages Panel A Woman working in services Panel B Log wages (woman) Panel C Man working in mining Panel D Log wages (man) _Note:_ The four panels show the regression results from fo...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "GLSS" ], "acronym": [ "GLSS" ], "datatype": [ "sample" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "GLSS", "tail": "GLSS" } },...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| vulnerable freshwater marshes and China represents 79.1% of all vulnerable GLWD Coastal Wetlands within EAP. Within MENA, 92.7% of all regional vulnerable saline wetlands are in Libya and Egypt. On the whole, our results suggest a signi...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "global spatial datasets", "SRTM elevation data" ], "acronym": [ "SRTM" ], "datatype": [ "elevation data" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive", "named" ], "usage": [ "background", "supporting" ], "geogra...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| the wealth of the farmers. If farmers become poorer because of bad rainfall, CRRA utility would suggest that they would be even more risk averse the next year as a second shock would cause greater disutility. I start by examining whethe...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "rainfall data", "a panel of various rainfall indicators for the period 1961–2004 for each weather station" ], "timeframe": [ "1961–2004" ], "datatype": [ "panel" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive", "named" ], "usage": [ ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| of renewable energy and/or improved cooking systems for public institutions, which will be incorporated into Component 1. Component 2 will be organized around two sub-components, as described below. 33. _Sub-component 2.1: Restoration o...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "DRDIP II Environmental and Social Assessment", "DRDIP II Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA)" ], "timeframe": [ "2024", "2024" ], "datatype": [ "Assessment", "Assessment" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named" ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank Zambia Refugee and Host Communities Project (P503941) \|Col1\|implementing entities, and timelines required to translate these measures into actionable outcomes\| \|---\|---\| \|Frequency\|Biannual\| \|Data Source\|Consultation ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Zambia Refugee and Host Communities Project", "Consultation records", "minutes of project progress report", "Attendance lists of stakeholders consulted", "project progress report", "Ministry of Education records" ], "acronym": [ "P503941...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank’s Environment Strategy focuses on both the threat to biodiversity from human encroachment, and the value of biodiversity resources for human populations. Our indicator for this two-way relationship in each country is its ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "estimates of reef ecosystems at risk", "total human population in critical biodiversity areas" ], "specificity": [ "vague", "vague" ], "usage": [ "background", "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| UNHCR Czechia continued to conduct Protection Monitoring while also consulting different groups of refugees though focus group discussions on protection risks and priority needs. Specific challenges in accessing rights were reported. Th...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Protection Monitoring" ], "producer": [ "UNHCR" ], "timeframe": [ "2024" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_producer": { "head": "Protection Monit...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| limited understanding of the importance of climate adaptation for their livelihoods and there is a need for better government aid after flood events (Le Dang et al. 2014; McElwee et al. 2017). In urban areas, private adaptive capacity m...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Flood Hazard Maps for Vietnam" ], "datatype": [ "Maps" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "Vietnam" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "Flood Hazard Ma...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| from coefficients on dummies for longer-term possession (5-12 and > 12 years, respectively) as discussed earlier. Relevant regression results and tests for relationships between coefficients, presented in table 5, lead us to conclude th...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| if people consider insurance as an investment, as in Karni and Safra (1987). One might think that this type of bias would have spillover effects (which I do not observe), but may also be present at the individual level if people believe...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| participation, few disputes, and at reasonable cost. Coverage was almost complete, allowing issuance of long-term or permanent contracts for most of the land. 3.1 Descriptive statistics Table 1 reports descriptive statistics on hous...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| confirms that the coefficient for electricity access is negative using the treatment distance 20 km. However, with a treatment distance of 10 km, the effect is marginally positive and insignificant. If we use a treatment distance of 50 ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "two last DHS surveys" ], "acronym": [ "DHS" ], "datatype": [ "surveys" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "two last DHS surveys", ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| contain the marketing restricted sample, which is restricted only to villages where at least one person purchased insurance in the following year. All regressions contain state fixed effects. Errors are clustered at the weather-station ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "BASIX" ], "producer": [ "Authors" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_producer": { "head": "BASIX", "tail": "Authors" } }, { "has_specifici...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| exposure of wetlands to a 1 m SLR. Low elevation wetlands are within the Low Elevation Coastal Zone [17] . For the area calculation, grids representing cell areas in square kilometers at different resolutions were created, using the len...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "GLWD-3", "DTM", "DIVA database", "Coastal zone with elevation derived from SRTM" ], "datatype": [ "database" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named", "named", "vague" ], "usage": [ "background", "back...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Economics of Disasters and Climate Change There is a significant amount of uncertainty with regard to how much sea level will rise. For that reason we model three future climate scenarios per return period: a low, medium, and high scena...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "flood hazard maps derived under current climate conditions for different return periods" ], "datatype": [ "maps" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| are at approximately 90m spatial resolution, the global wetlands data are compiled from a range of sources resulting in generalized areas. Also, the correspondence 20 Tol 2007 drew on the Global Vulnerability Analysis and other country ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "global wetlands data", "Global Vulnerability Analysis" ], "datatype": [ "Analysis" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive", "named" ], "usage": [ "background", "supporting" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specifici...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| .77. One point of concern with these results is that there are many cases where there are multiple purchasers of insurance in a certain village in one year and then zero in the next year. Although this could be the result of people simp...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "BASIX data" ], "acronym": [ "BASIX" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "BASIX data", "tail": "BASIX" } }, { "has_specific...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Refugees (UNHCR), has determined that Uganda’s refugee protection framework remains adequate for the purposes of the WHR. The Refugees Act Cap 312 and the 2010 Refugee Regulations provide a strong legal and regulatory framework for refu...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| and feedback mechanism will also be established to enable individuals to report concerns or complaints if they feel unfairly treated or adversely impacted by the project. The SEP has been disclosed on the MINEMA and World Bank websites....	{ "entities": { "name": [ "SEP" ], "acronym": [ "SEP" ], "producer": [ "MINEMA" ], "datatype": [ "Plan" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "SEP",...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank Economic Review 705 One important clarification of these results is that most potential buyers living in a village that had experienced payouts would have also experienced uninsured rainfall shocks during the same season....	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| African migration to Israel According to UNHCR, the Middle East and North Africa host a fifth of the world's refugees, excluding the considerable and growing population of Palestinian refugees. [5] Syria and Lebanon, Israel's northe...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "UNRWA" ], "acronym": [ "UNRWA" ], "producer": [ "United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East" ], "timeframe": [ "2009" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank Uganda Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project Phase II (P510476) Monitoring and Evaluation Plan: PDO Indicators by PDO Outcomes PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT \|Improve access to basic social and economic...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Project MIS" ], "producer": [ "The World Bank" ], "datatype": [ "database" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ], "geography": [ "Uganda" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_pro...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| To show the robustness of these results, we have tried three alternative strategies for each of the outcomes. In row 2, we drop the sample that lives 20 to 40 km away, since they might be affected by the mine; in row 3, we drop the samp...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "DHS data" ], "acronym": [ "DHS" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "DHS data", "tail": "DHS" } }, { "has_specificity":...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| to their Grade; Indicator 4: Percentage of technical stream secondary education students with micro-credentials registering English proficiency (all these indicators will be disaggregated by gender and by indigenous and refugee/migrant ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Indicator 4: Percentage of technical stream secondary education students with micro-credentials registering English proficiency" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "Costa Rica" ] }, "relatio...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| models. By modeling changes in river discharge and inundation areas, they show that a high-concentration climate change scenario could lead to a large increase in flood frequencies in Southeast Asia, India, East and Central Africa, and ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "IPCC’s Fifth Assessment report" ], "acronym": [ "IPCC" ], "producer": [ "IPCC" ], "datatype": [ "report" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Southeast Asia, In...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| efficiency of land use and leaving landlords as well as occupants worse off. The continued importance of agriculture for economic development and poverty reduction in Uganda implies that, in addition to exploring the magnitude of possib...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| comments. All remaining errors are my own. A supplemental appendix to this article [is available at https://academic.oup.com/wber.](https://academic.oup.com/wber) 1 CIA World Factbook: India; Indiastat.com. © The Author 2016. Published ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "CIA World Factbook", "Indiastat.com" ], "acronym": [ "CIA" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named" ], "usage": [ "background", "background" ], "geography": [ "India" ] }, "relations": [ { "has...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| IDA Credits and Grants”, dated October 15, 2006, and revised in January 2011 and as of July 1, 2016 (Anti-Corruption Guidelines), and beneficiary ownership disclosure requirements. The project will use the Systematic Tracking of Exchang...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Systematic Tracking of Exchanges in Procurement" ], "datatype": [ "System" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "Systematic Tracking of Excha...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| fuel combustion (CO2), land-use change (CO2) and other sources (methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N20), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC’s), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)). We draw our emissions estimates from the World Reso...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Climate Analysis and Indicators database" ], "producer": [ "World Resources Institute" ], "datatype": [ "database" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_producer":...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| ship-to-shore radio after 1900, aircraft observation after 1940, and satellite observation after 1960. Measurement error has undoubtedly fallen over the years, but we cannot judge whether earlier technologies imparted any systematic bia...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "BMD", "IMD", "IBTrACS" ], "acronym": [ "BMD", "IMD", "IBTrACS" ], "datatype": [ "database", "database", "database" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named", "named" ], "usage": [ "s...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank Uganda Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project Phase II (P510476) PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT Knowledge and technology transfer from TSPs to CRPs will be crucial for long-term sustainability at scale. Trai...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "national wealth ranking data" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ], "geography": [ "Uganda" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "national wealth ranking data", "tai...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| ### Protection Risk III Access to work: 10% of respondents who are unemployed reported challenges in accessing employment, mainly due to language barriers, a lack of opportunities, as well as a lack of education recognition, caring ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Focus group discussions", "protection monitoring" ], "producer": [ "UNHCR" ], "specificity": [ "vague", "vague" ], "usage": [ "background", "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_producer": { "h...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| 2019, nine safety net programs covered different groups), inadequacy, and unpredictability. Djibouti’s social protection system is currently inadequate to shield poor and vulnerable people from adverse lifecycle impacts or encourage des...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| World 0 2 4 6 8 Billions Figure 2 _. Global population headcounts exposed to different levels of flood risk_ By regionally disaggregating global exposure headcounts, it becomes apparent that flood risks are particularly prev...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Global population headcounts" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "East Asia", "South Asia", "Sub-Saharan Africa", "Europe and Central Asia", "Middle East and North Africa"...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| are people with disabilities and 17% are older people . Among older people around 50% are persons with disabilities which exacerbate the risks that this category of refugees faces. This briefing note aims to provide an overview ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Socio-Economic Insights Survey" ], "acronym": [ "SEIS" ], "producer": [ "IMPACT Initiative" ], "timeframe": [ "August 2024" ], "datatype": [ "Survey" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "back...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| normal good, then increased wealth would result in greater insurance demand. [18] Although the BASIX data set does not offer the opportunity to test the direct effects of a cash payment separately from an insurance payout, there are a n...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "BASIX data set" ], "acronym": [ "BASIX" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "BASIX data set", "tail": "BASIX" } }, { "h...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| wetland service and valuation methods used, with the average annual wetland value reported to be approximately USD 2,800 ha [-1] yr [-1] at 1995 USD (see Brander et al. 2006 for details). However, Brander et al. (2006) pointed out that ...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Figure 3: Coastal cyclone landfalls in Bangladesh, West Bengal and Odisha: Median locations by period, 178 cyclonic storms, 1877-2016 Sources: BMD, IMD, IBTrACS **Figure 4: Coastal cyclone landfalls in Bangladesh, West Benga...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| reflect the same rank-order as the lending opportunities in Appendix 1. 9. Interpretation of Results: Ethiopia vs. Nigeria We provide an illustrative interpretation of our results by comparing the cases of Ethiopia and Nigeria in Ta...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "environmental problem indicator" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Ethiopia", "Nigeria", "Ethiopia and Nigeria", "Sub-Saharan Africa" ] }, "relations": [ { "...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Vermeer, M. and S. Rahmstorf. 2009. Global sea level linked to global temperature. _Proceedings_ _of the National Academy of Sciences_ 106 (51), 21527-32. VLIZ. 2011. Maritime Boundaries Geodatabase, version 6.1. Available online at [ht...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Maritime Boundaries Geodatabase" ], "acronym": [ "VLIZ" ], "producer": [ "VLIZ" ], "timeframe": [ "2011" ], "datatype": [ "database" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Bank. [43] Multifaceted challenges such as refugee impacts on host communities and assisting of refugees to achieve self-reliance require a combination of policy and investment. The approach is aligned with lessons from the 2023 World D...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "2023 World Development Report" ], "producer": [ "World Bank" ], "timeframe": [ "2023" ], "datatype": [ "Report" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Zambia" ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| MEP reforms are geared towards sustainability** . [22] An important consideration of the reform program is that the planned interventions do not require a level of investment that would put inordinate fiscal pressure regarding the MEP b...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| 43.7 60.5 24.5 Number of trees per acre 71.1 99.8 15.1 79.7 138.3 12.8 Planted coffee trees during the past 5 years 8.7 11.7 2.8 7.3 12.8 1.1 Planted fruit trees during the past 5 years 16.2 21.2 6.5 12.3 20.9 2.6 Planted soil fertility...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "2005/06 UNHS III" ], "acronym": [ "UNHS III" ], "producer": [ "Own computation" ], "timeframe": [ "2005/06" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acrony...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Economics of Disasters and Climate Change and can be identified from the results of this paper. An important constraint is that for such development to be feasible, they should be paired with transportation investments, which maintain a...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "surveys in Tan Chau district" ], "datatype": [ "surveys" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Vietnam" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "surv...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Phase II. A minimum of US$50 million under the sub-component will be allocated to economic infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, markets, and storage facilities to support income generation and deepen integration with economic opportu...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| with effective stakeholder engagement, procurement, and contract management capabilities. C. Project Beneficiaries 38. There are two cohorts of primary beneficiaries under the project: (a) refugees and former refugees who will benef...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Zambia national registry" ], "datatype": [ "registry" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "Zambia" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "Zambia national r...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| large-scale gold mines in Ghana. We find that a new large-scale gold mine changes economic outcomes, such as access to employment and cash earnings. In addition, it raises local wages and expenditure on housing and energy. An important ...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "2010 Ghana population census" ], "timeframe": [ "2010" ], "datatype": [ "census" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Ghana" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_time...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| GoR has progressive laws and policies on forced displacement.** The World Bank, in consultation with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), has confirmed that Rwanda’s refugee protection framework is adequate for the...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "data.unhcr.org", "global Refugee Self-Reliance Initiative index" ], "producer": [ "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees" ], "datatype": [ "index" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named" ], "usage": [ "backgr...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank Costa Rica Results in Education (CORE) (P181174) can contribute meaningfully to environmental conservation and sustainable development while meeting the challenges posed by climate change. **MEP Management Structure a...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Costa Rica Results in Education" ], "acronym": [ "CORE" ], "producer": [ "The World Bank" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "Costa Rica" ] }, "relations": [ { ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| The World Bank Socio-economic Inclusion of Refugees & Host Communities in Rwanda Project Phase II (P509677) health facilities and market-linked skills training. [7] The 2024 Rwanda FinScope survey also showed relatively low takeup o...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Rwanda FinScope survey", "2022 Census" ], "timeframe": [ "2024", "2022" ], "datatype": [ "survey", "Census" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named" ], "usage": [ "background", "background" ], ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| safety nets were key recommendations from the Climate Change Development Report (2024) for Djibouti. 3. Low human capital further constrains economic and climate resilience and limits opportunities for inclusive growth. Djibouti...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Climate Change Development Report", "Women, Business, and the Law Index" ], "producer": [ "World Bank" ], "timeframe": [ "2024", "2022" ], "datatype": [ "Report" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named" ], ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| ______________________________________________________________________________ Table 4.1: Trend Tests for Thematic Shares Climate Pollution Land Biodiversity [8] Water Policy Other Time 0.318 -0.167 0.639 0.074 0.008 -1.071 0.19...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| ESCP. WHR funds re-allocated to the CERC may only be used to benefit refugees and host communities. E. Role of Partners Table 4: Role of Partners \|Partner\|Nature of Involvement/Description\| \|---\|---\| \|UNHCR\|MINEMA works with UNH...	{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Jun. (2020). Coastal Development between Opportunity and Disaster Risk: A Multisectoral Risk Assessment for Vietnam. Policy Research Working Paper; No. 9352. World Bank, Washington Bright, E. A., Rose, A. N. & Urban, M. L. _Landscan 201...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Landscan 2015 High-Resolution Global Population Data Set", "Facebook Connectivity Lab and Center for International Earth Science Information Network - CIESIN", "multi-temporal global population grids at 250 m resolution" ], "producer": [ "Oak Ridge Nation...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| EA were randomly sampled. As table 1 illustrates, 5,530 of the sample households were involved in agricultural activities. Of these, about 31%, or 1,728 with 5,448 parcels, are mixed owner/occupants who operated at least one parcel unde...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "Information on crop output" ], "timeframe": [ "July - December 2004 and January - June 2005" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_timeframe": { "head": "Information on ...
specificity: named \| descriptive \| vague usage: primary \| supporting \| background \| Table 3.1: Distribution of Country Probabilities of Project Success, by Region \|Region\|Min\|Median\|Max\| \|---\|---\|---\|---\| \|Sub-Saharan Africa\|0\|64\|100\| \|Middle East, North Africa\|0\|71\|100\| \|South Asia\|69\|71\|100\| \|East Asia, Pacif...	{ "entities": { "name": [ "all World Bank projects approved since FY 1998", "all AAA since FY 2000", "project database" ], "producer": [ "World Bank", "World Bank" ], "timeframe": [ "since FY 1998", "since FY 2000" ], "datatype": [ "projects"...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | 72. **Gender.** The project is aligned the with Gender strategy 2024-2030 and specifically responds to two priority areas of the strategy (i) expand and enable economic opportunities and (ii) advances in women’s participation in decisio...

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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | resilience: learning from the ecological wisdom of living with floods in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. Landsc Urban Plan 155:69–78 McElwee P et al (2017) Flood vulnerability among rural households in the red River Delta of Vietnam: impli...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "FLOPROS" ], "acronym": [ "FLOPROS" ], "datatype": [ "database" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Vietnam", "Mumbai" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acro...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | eligible expenditures, and other details will be defined in an updated DCRM Manual for Phase II, approval of which by the World Bank is a disbursement condition. The sub-component will: (a) fund data collection to measure strains on sch...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "data collection to measure strains on schools, health facilities, and water points in the RHDs" ], "datatype": [ "collection" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Policy Research Working Paper 7388 ### **Abstract** As part of a national experiment in 2008, Chengdu pre fecture implemented ambitious property rights reforms, including complete registration of all land together with measures to ease ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "regular household panel" ], "producer": [ "Statistics Bureau" ], "datatype": [ "panel" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ], "geography": [ "China" ] }, "relations": [ { ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | represent riverine and coastal flood hazard for Vietnam considering climate change. Second, we examine how exposure to floods differs based on socioeconomic characteristics, with an explicit focus on poverty. Our results indicate that c...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "current and future flood data", "current population and poverty data" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive", "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background", "background" ], "geography": [ "Vietnam" ] }, "relations": [ {...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | their accommodation in the coming months should there be need for collective accommodation facilities to create additional space for newcomers. Participants also expressed significant financial strain in covering the costs of their acco...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "respondents" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "respondents", "tail": "vague" } }, { "has_usage": { "head": "respondent...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Socio-economic Inclusion of Refugees & Host Communities in Rwanda Project Phase II (P509677) |Data source|BDF records on beneficiaries and loan amounts.| |---|---| |Methodology for Data Collection|Accessed from loa...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "BDF records on beneficiaries and loan amounts", "Project MIS", "Project Progress Reports" ], "producer": [ "BDF" ], "datatype": [ "records", "system", "Report" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named", "desc...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | 26.9 percent in Markazi, and 46 percent in Djibouti-Ville. [10] Livelihood opportunities in refugee villages are scarcer than in the capital, exacerbating food security challenges, and even highly educated refugees struggle to find empl...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Djibouti Education Statistics for Refugees", "Annuaire Statistique 2023/2024", "Regional Report Draft" ], "producer": [ "UNHCR", "Ministry of Education and Vocational Training of the Republic of Djibouti" ], "timeframe": [ "2024", ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **Figure A1. Access to infrastructure: Varying the cutoff and spatial lag model** **Panel A Household has electricity** **Panel B Household has radio** **a. Varying cutoff** **a. Varying cutoff** **b. Spatial lag model** **b. Spatial la...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "DHS individual-level data" ], "acronym": [ "DHS" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "DHS individual-level data", "tail": "DHS" } },...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | ###### **III.2 Country level analysis** The impacts of SLR on coastal wetlands were also estimated for individual countries. Table 2 summarizes our results by presenting the 10 most vulnerable countries. Estimates indicate large effects...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "GLWD Coastal Wetlands" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "Argentina, Iran, China and Mexico", "Vietnam", "China", "Libya, Egypt, Mauritania, India and Argentina", "Libya and Egypt...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | after the 2005 floods, it was slow to arrive and the amount delivered was inadequate to support losses suffered (Patankar 2015). Given that poor people have consumption closer to subsistence, a substantial loss from floods in the absenc...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "qualitative focus groups across the country (in An Giang, Kien Giang, Kon Tum, Hoa Binh, and Bac Nih)" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Vietnam" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_sp...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | _Note:_ This figure shows the mine locations and the district in which the mines are located. The baseline specification is shown in the following equation: Y�� - β�active_district�� - ∝�� g� �λX�� ε�� 3� The outcome for individual ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "individual-level data" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "individual-level data", "tail": "descriptive" } }, { "has_usage": ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | by the recipient (such as limited/restricted competitive bidding, request for quotations/shopping, direct contracting), will be consistent with the requirements set out in paragraphs 5.3 and 5.4 d. as appropriate. 13. **Publication (adv...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "United Nations Development Business online" ], "acronym": [ "UNDB online" ], "producer": [ "World Bank" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **6. Summary and Conclusions** In this paper, we have constructed a spatial panel database of cyclone tracks and coastal landfalls in Bangladesh, West Bengal and Odisha. For 1960-2016, our tracking data come from the Bangladesh Meteorol...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "spatial panel database", "Bangladesh Meteorological Department (BMD)", "India Meteorological Department (IMD)", "country reports in the global IBTrACS database" ], "acronym": [ "BMD", "IMD" ], "producer": [ "Bangladesh Meteorolog...

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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | at the country level. Our overall environmental indicator is the mean of the five thematic indicators. [9] We use log values for the analysis because the size distributions of country indicators and resource allocations are extremely 8 ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Bank lending" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "Bank lending", "tail": "descriptive" } }, { "has_usage": { "head": ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Costa Rica Results in Education (CORE) (P181174) **F. Lessons Learned and Reflected in the Project Design** 41. **Education technology policies and projects should be developed with a clear purpose, strategy, and visi...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Costa Rica Results in Education", "Moldova Governance e-Transformation Project (P121231)" ], "acronym": [ "P121231" ], "producer": [ "World Bank", "World Bank" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named" ], "usage": [ ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | # **PROTECTION BRIEF** **CZECHIA** ### JULY- SEPTEMBER 2024 ## Operational Context Based on the number of Ukrainian refugees who applied for an extension of Temporary Protection in 2024 (320,000), the figures of Temporary Protection hol...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Protection Monitoring interviews", "Ministry of the Interior" ], "producer": [ "Ministry of the Interior" ], "timeframe": [ "2024" ], "datatype": [ "interviews" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive", "named" ], ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "online English learning app", "Administrative records from MEP Department for Technical Secondary Education" ], "acronym": [ "MEP" ], "producer": [ "The English learning app", "MEP Department for Technical Secondary Education" ], "ti...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | and so on), and nearby households. A key social infrastructure priority is schools, which are massively overcrowded and lack classroom capacity; teacher accommodation; and appropriate water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH). Energy for sc...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "2010 census", "2022 census" ], "timeframe": [ "2010", "2022" ], "datatype": [ "census", "census" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named" ], "usage": [ "background", "background" ], "geograph...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | and gold production was booming. The first gold rush occurred between 1892 and 1901, and the second after World War I. Gold production decreased at the dawn of independence in 1957, and remained low until the 1980s. Over the last 20 yea...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "official Ghana statistics" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Ghana" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "official Ghana statistics", "tail": "de...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | (GSS). [2] Point coordinates (global positioning system [GPS]) for the surveyed DHS clusters [3] allow us to match all individuals to one or several mineral mines. We do this in two ways. First, we calculate distance spans from an exact...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "DHS", "GLSS" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named" ], "usage": [ "primary", "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "DHS", "tail": "named" } }, { "has_usage": { ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | price increasing profitability and extending life length. The expansion across artisanal small-, medium-, and large-scale mining contributed to an increase in total production that rose from 541,147 oz in 1990 to 3,119,823 oz in 2009 ac...

{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Policy Research Working Paper 6277 #### **Abstract** Scientific evidence indicates that global warming could well lead to a sea-level rise of 1 meter or more in the 21 [st] century. This paper seeks to quantify how a 1-meter sea-level r...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Global Lakes and Wetlands Database" ], "datatype": [ "Database" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "East Asia", "Middle East and North Africa", "East Asia, China and Vietnam",...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Bank's response. We begin by constructing an overall indicator of environmental problems from our thematic indicators. Using regression analysis, we find a strong relationship between countries’ general indicator values and the scale of...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "thematic indicators" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "thematic indicators", "tail": "descriptive" } }, { "has_usage": {...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | in housing prices (Daniel, Florax, and Rietveld 2009). In Ho Chi Minh City, for instance, qualitative surveys suggest flood-prone areas can be much cheaper than non-flood-prone areas for the same quality of accommodation (World Bank and...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "qualitative surveys", "a household survey in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania" ], "producer": [ "Erman et al." ], "timeframe": [ "2019" ], "datatype": [ "surveys", "survey" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive", "named" ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | flood risks. Indeed, large coastal cities are likely to be risk hotspots. Hallegatte et al. (2013) estimate the flood risks in the world’s 136 largest coastal cities. They show that population and asset growth, climate change and subsid...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "high-resolution flood and population data" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "high-resolution flood and population data", "tail": "vague" } ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Integrated Community Resilience Project (P506969) PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT support nutritional consumption needs - accompanied with SBCC to promote human development behavior change good practices; (ii) financial in...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Social Registry" ], "producer": [ "World Bank" ], "datatype": [ "Registry" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ], "geography": [ "Djibouti" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_produce...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | through the project grievance redress mechanism that are resolved (Percentage). **Economic and Financial Analysis** 69. **Results of Economic Analysis without Greenhouse Gas (GHG) Accounting.** The results of the economic analysis indic...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Environmental Externalities Accounting Tool" ], "acronym": [ "EX-ACT" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "Environmental Externalities Accounting T...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | direct and indirect human actions. Fifth, we have not estimated the net present value of the coastal wetland loss over a period of time. The remainder of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 summarizes the data sources and descr...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "World Vector Shoreline" ], "producer": [ "National Geospatial Intelligence Agency" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_producer": { "head": "World Vector Shoreline", ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | more progressive approach to refugee inclusion.** There is a general recognition in Government that a shift to self-reliance and a move away from humanitarian support is required. Zambia’s Eighth National Development Plan (8NDP) has a v...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Eighth National Development Plan" ], "acronym": [ "8NDP" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Zambia" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "Eighth Natio...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | to build resilience in districts experiencing large refugee inflows. A pilot to reduce gender-based violence (GBV) and violence against children (VAC) also contributed to social cohesion. A 2022 World Bank study on forced displacement r...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "2022 World Bank study on forced displacement" ], "producer": [ "World Bank" ], "timeframe": [ "2022" ], "datatype": [ "study" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | will be implemented as per a simplified procedure set out in a project CERC Manual. National and World Bank emergency response procedures for procurement and disbursement would apply, and component activities will be carried out in line...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "data on refugees" ], "producer": [ "UNHCR" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ], "geography": [ "Uganda" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_producer": { "head": "data on refugees", ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | zones by constructing a buffer around each storm polyline whose width is the storm’s radial distance from center to the zone of maximum wind speed. For high-resolution location of landfalls, we construct a coastal boundary polyline for ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "our database" ], "datatype": [ "database" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Bangladesh" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "our database", ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Some coastal zones in our study area invest significant resources in damage prevention via polder construction and other measures, while others offer compensation once cyclone-related damage has occurred. Incorporation of controls from ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "cyclone panel database" ], "datatype": [ "database" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ], "geography": [ "Bangladesh" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "cyclone pane...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **1.** **Introduction** Natural disasters are estimated to cause an average of over $300 billion in direct asset losses every year; this estimate increases to $520 billion when considering the well-being (or consumption) losses experien...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "high-resolution flood and population data" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "Bangladesh and Nigeria", "Vietnam" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **Table 7: Land values and rental price by ownership status and region** **Region** **Tenure** Total Central Eastern Northern Western _Mailo_ / Customary Freehold **Parcels held under ownership** Self-assessed land value (USD/acre; medi...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "2005/06 UNHS III" ], "acronym": [ "UNHS III" ], "timeframe": [ "2005/06" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "2005/06 UNHS III", ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | _Note:_ Figure 5 shows the main treatment coefficients ( _active*mine_ ) using the baseline estimation strategy (with DHS individual-level data; see table 4 for more information) in the top panel, but with different cutoffs (10 km, 20 k...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "DHS individual-level data" ], "acronym": [ "DHS" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "DHS individual-level data", "tail": "DHS" } },...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Annual survey" ], "producer": [ "MINEMA" ], "timeframe": [ "Annual" ], "datatype": [ "survey" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_producer": { ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Act of 2010) that will enhance opportunities for protection and solutions for self-reliance. [16] To assist policy delivery, the Government has established an interagency National Steering Committee chaired by the Office of the Vice Pre...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Meheba Local Area Plan" ], "producer": [ "GRZ" ], "timeframe": [ "2023" ], "datatype": [ "Report" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Zambia", "Africa" ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | 2024 CRITICAL FUNDING NEEDS IN EUROPE ###### **Ukraine Situation** As the full-scale war in Ukraine continues unabated, ongoing hostilities are heavily impacting civilians, with **3.7 million people currently internally displaced.** [1]...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Regional Refugee Response Plan" ], "acronym": [ "RRP" ], "producer": [ "UNHCR" ], "datatype": [ "Plan" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "EUROPE", "Ukraine...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | women as of 29 September 2024 [1] and children [2] ## 98% 34% of Protection Monitoring respondents are Temporary Protection holders ## 34% of Protection Monitoring respondents are of respondents consider accommodation as Temporary Prote...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Protection Monitoring respondents" ], "producer": [ "Ministry of the Interior, Czechia" ], "timeframe": [ "2024" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_producer": {...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "long-run panel of cyclone data" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "long-run panel of cyclone data", "tail": "descriptive" } }, ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **Figure A2 Using GLSS: Employment and wages** **Panel A Woman working in services** **Panel B Log wages (woman)** **Panel C Man working in mining** **Panel D Log wages (man)** _Note:_ The four panels show the regression results from fo...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "GLSS" ], "acronym": [ "GLSS" ], "datatype": [ "sample" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "GLSS", "tail": "GLSS" } },...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | vulnerable freshwater marshes and China represents 79.1% of all vulnerable GLWD Coastal Wetlands within EAP. Within MENA, 92.7% of all regional vulnerable saline wetlands are in Libya and Egypt. On the whole, our results suggest a signi...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "global spatial datasets", "SRTM elevation data" ], "acronym": [ "SRTM" ], "datatype": [ "elevation data" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive", "named" ], "usage": [ "background", "supporting" ], "geogra...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | the wealth of the farmers. If farmers become poorer because of bad rainfall, CRRA utility would suggest that they would be even more risk averse the next year as a second shock would cause greater disutility. I start by examining whethe...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "rainfall data", "a panel of various rainfall indicators for the period 1961–2004 for each weather station" ], "timeframe": [ "1961–2004" ], "datatype": [ "panel" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive", "named" ], "usage": [ ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | of renewable energy and/or improved cooking systems for public institutions, which will be incorporated into Component 1. Component 2 will be organized around two sub-components, as described below. 33. _Sub-component 2.1: Restoration o...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "DRDIP II Environmental and Social Assessment", "DRDIP II Environmental and Social Assessment (ESA)" ], "timeframe": [ "2024", "2024" ], "datatype": [ "Assessment", "Assessment" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named" ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Zambia Refugee and Host Communities Project (P503941) |Col1|implementing entities, and timelines required to translate these measures into actionable outcomes| |---|---| |Frequency|Biannual| |Data Source|Consultation ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Zambia Refugee and Host Communities Project", "Consultation records", "minutes of project progress report", "Attendance lists of stakeholders consulted", "project progress report", "Ministry of Education records" ], "acronym": [ "P503941...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | The World Bank’s Environment Strategy focuses on both the threat to biodiversity from human encroachment, and the value of biodiversity resources for human populations. Our indicator for this two-way relationship in each country is its ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "estimates of reef ecosystems at risk", "total human population in critical biodiversity areas" ], "specificity": [ "vague", "vague" ], "usage": [ "background", "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | UNHCR Czechia continued to conduct Protection Monitoring while also consulting different groups of refugees though focus group discussions on protection risks and priority needs. Specific challenges in accessing rights were reported. Th...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Protection Monitoring" ], "producer": [ "UNHCR" ], "timeframe": [ "2024" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_producer": { "head": "Protection Monit...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | limited understanding of the importance of climate adaptation for their livelihoods and there is a need for better government aid after flood events (Le Dang et al. 2014; McElwee et al. 2017). In urban areas, private adaptive capacity m...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Flood Hazard Maps for Vietnam" ], "datatype": [ "Maps" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "Vietnam" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "Flood Hazard Ma...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | from coefficients on dummies for longer-term possession (5-12 and > 12 years, respectively) as discussed earlier. Relevant regression results and tests for relationships between coefficients, presented in table 5, lead us to conclude th...

{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | if people consider insurance as an investment, as in Karni and Safra (1987). One might think that this type of bias would have spillover effects (which I do not observe), but may also be present at the individual level if people believe...

{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | participation, few disputes, and at reasonable cost. Coverage was almost complete, allowing issuance of long-term or permanent contracts for most of the land. **3.1 Descriptive statistics** Table 1 reports descriptive statistics on hous...

{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | confirms that the coefficient for electricity access is negative using the treatment distance 20 km. However, with a treatment distance of 10 km, the effect is marginally positive and insignificant. If we use a treatment distance of 50 ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "two last DHS surveys" ], "acronym": [ "DHS" ], "datatype": [ "surveys" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "two last DHS surveys", ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | contain the marketing restricted sample, which is restricted only to villages where at least one person purchased insurance in the following year. All regressions contain state fixed effects. Errors are clustered at the weather-station ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "BASIX" ], "producer": [ "Authors" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_producer": { "head": "BASIX", "tail": "Authors" } }, { "has_specifici...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | exposure of wetlands to a 1 m SLR. Low elevation wetlands are within the Low Elevation Coastal Zone [17] . For the area calculation, grids representing cell areas in square kilometers at different resolutions were created, using the len...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "GLWD-3", "DTM", "DIVA database", "Coastal zone with elevation derived from SRTM" ], "datatype": [ "database" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named", "named", "vague" ], "usage": [ "background", "back...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Economics of Disasters and Climate Change There is a significant amount of uncertainty with regard to how much sea level will rise. For that reason we model three future climate scenarios per return period: a low, medium, and high scena...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "flood hazard maps derived under current climate conditions for different return periods" ], "datatype": [ "maps" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | are at approximately 90m spatial resolution, the global wetlands data are compiled from a range of sources resulting in generalized areas. Also, the correspondence 20 Tol 2007 drew on the Global Vulnerability Analysis and other country ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "global wetlands data", "Global Vulnerability Analysis" ], "datatype": [ "Analysis" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive", "named" ], "usage": [ "background", "supporting" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specifici...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | .77. One point of concern with these results is that there are many cases where there are multiple purchasers of insurance in a certain village in one year and then zero in the next year. Although this could be the result of people simp...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "BASIX data" ], "acronym": [ "BASIX" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "BASIX data", "tail": "BASIX" } }, { "has_specific...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Refugees (UNHCR), has determined that Uganda’s refugee protection framework remains adequate for the purposes of the WHR. The Refugees Act Cap 312 and the 2010 Refugee Regulations provide a strong legal and regulatory framework for refu...

{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | and feedback mechanism will also be established to enable individuals to report concerns or complaints if they feel unfairly treated or adversely impacted by the project. The SEP has been disclosed on the MINEMA and World Bank websites....

{ "entities": { "name": [ "SEP" ], "acronym": [ "SEP" ], "producer": [ "MINEMA" ], "datatype": [ "Plan" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "SEP",...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | The World Bank Economic Review 705 One important clarification of these results is that most potential buyers living in a village that had experienced payouts would have also experienced uninsured rainfall shocks during the same season....

{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **African migration to Israel** According to UNHCR, the Middle East and North Africa host a fifth of the world's refugees, excluding the considerable and growing population of Palestinian refugees. [5] Syria and Lebanon, Israel's northe...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "UNRWA" ], "acronym": [ "UNRWA" ], "producer": [ "United Nations Relief and Works Agency for Palestine Refugees in the Near East" ], "timeframe": [ "2009" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Uganda Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project Phase II (P510476) **Monitoring and Evaluation Plan: PDO Indicators by PDO Outcomes** PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT |Improve access to basic social and economic...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Project MIS" ], "producer": [ "The World Bank" ], "datatype": [ "database" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ], "geography": [ "Uganda" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_pro...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | To show the robustness of these results, we have tried three alternative strategies for each of the outcomes. In row 2, we drop the sample that lives 20 to 40 km away, since they might be affected by the mine; in row 3, we drop the samp...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "DHS data" ], "acronym": [ "DHS" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "DHS data", "tail": "DHS" } }, { "has_specificity":...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | to their Grade; Indicator 4: Percentage of technical stream secondary education students with micro-credentials registering English proficiency (all these indicators will be disaggregated by gender and by indigenous and refugee/migrant ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Indicator 4: Percentage of technical stream secondary education students with micro-credentials registering English proficiency" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "Costa Rica" ] }, "relatio...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | models. By modeling changes in river discharge and inundation areas, they show that a high-concentration climate change scenario could lead to a large increase in flood frequencies in Southeast Asia, India, East and Central Africa, and ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "IPCC’s Fifth Assessment report" ], "acronym": [ "IPCC" ], "producer": [ "IPCC" ], "datatype": [ "report" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Southeast Asia, In...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | efficiency of land use and leaving landlords as well as occupants worse off. The continued importance of agriculture for economic development and poverty reduction in Uganda implies that, in addition to exploring the magnitude of possib...

{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | comments. All remaining errors are my own. A supplemental appendix to this article [is available at https://academic.oup.com/wber.](https://academic.oup.com/wber) 1 CIA World Factbook: India; Indiastat.com. © The Author 2016. Published ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "CIA World Factbook", "Indiastat.com" ], "acronym": [ "CIA" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named" ], "usage": [ "background", "background" ], "geography": [ "India" ] }, "relations": [ { "has...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | IDA Credits and Grants”, dated October 15, 2006, and revised in January 2011 and as of July 1, 2016 (Anti-Corruption Guidelines), and beneficiary ownership disclosure requirements. The project will use the Systematic Tracking of Exchang...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Systematic Tracking of Exchanges in Procurement" ], "datatype": [ "System" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "Systematic Tracking of Excha...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | fuel combustion (CO2), land-use change (CO2) and other sources (methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N20), hydrofluorocarbons (HFC’s), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), and sulfur hexafluoride (SF6)). We draw our emissions estimates from the World Reso...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Climate Analysis and Indicators database" ], "producer": [ "World Resources Institute" ], "datatype": [ "database" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_producer":...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | ship-to-shore radio after 1900, aircraft observation after 1940, and satellite observation after 1960. Measurement error has undoubtedly fallen over the years, but we cannot judge whether earlier technologies imparted any systematic bia...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "BMD", "IMD", "IBTrACS" ], "acronym": [ "BMD", "IMD", "IBTrACS" ], "datatype": [ "database", "database", "database" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named", "named" ], "usage": [ "s...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Uganda Development Response to Displacement Impacts Project Phase II (P510476) PROJECT APPRAISAL DOCUMENT Knowledge and technology transfer from TSPs to CRPs will be crucial for long-term sustainability at scale. Trai...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "national wealth ranking data" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ], "geography": [ "Uganda" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_specificity": { "head": "national wealth ranking data", "tai...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | ### Protection Risk III **Access to work:** 10% of respondents who are unemployed reported challenges in accessing employment, mainly due to language barriers, a lack of opportunities, as well as a lack of education recognition, caring ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Focus group discussions", "protection monitoring" ], "producer": [ "UNHCR" ], "specificity": [ "vague", "vague" ], "usage": [ "background", "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_producer": { "h...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | 2019, nine safety net programs covered different groups), inadequacy, and unpredictability. Djibouti’s social protection system is currently inadequate to shield poor and vulnerable people from adverse lifecycle impacts or encourage des...

{ "entities": { "name": [] }, "relations": [] }

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **World** 0 2 4 6 8 Billions **Figure 2** _**. Global population headcounts exposed to different levels of flood risk**_ By regionally disaggregating global exposure headcounts, it becomes apparent that flood risks are particularly prev...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Global population headcounts" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "East Asia", "South Asia", "Sub-Saharan Africa", "Europe and Central Asia", "Middle East and North Africa"...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **are people with disabilities** and **17% are older people** . Among older people around 50% are persons with disabilities which exacerbate the risks that this category of refugees faces. This briefing note aims to provide an overview ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Socio-Economic Insights Survey" ], "acronym": [ "SEIS" ], "producer": [ "IMPACT Initiative" ], "timeframe": [ "August 2024" ], "datatype": [ "Survey" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "back...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | normal good, then increased wealth would result in greater insurance demand. [18] Although the BASIX data set does not offer the opportunity to test the direct effects of a cash payment separately from an insurance payout, there are a n...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "BASIX data set" ], "acronym": [ "BASIX" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "supporting" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acronym": { "head": "BASIX data set", "tail": "BASIX" } }, { "h...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | wetland service and valuation methods used, with the average annual wetland value reported to be approximately USD 2,800 ha [-1] yr [-1] at 1995 USD (see Brander et al. 2006 for details). However, Brander et al. (2006) pointed out that ...

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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **Figure 3: Coastal cyclone landfalls in Bangladesh, West Bengal and Odisha:** **Median locations by period, 178 cyclonic storms, 1877-2016** **Sources: BMD, IMD, IBTrACS** **Figure 4: Coastal cyclone landfalls in Bangladesh, West Benga...

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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | reflect the same rank-order as the lending opportunities in Appendix 1. **9. Interpretation of Results: Ethiopia vs. Nigeria** We provide an illustrative interpretation of our results by comparing the cases of Ethiopia and Nigeria in Ta...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "environmental problem indicator" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Ethiopia", "Nigeria", "Ethiopia and Nigeria", "Sub-Saharan Africa" ] }, "relations": [ { "...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Vermeer, M. and S. Rahmstorf. 2009. Global sea level linked to global temperature. _Proceedings_ _of the National Academy of Sciences_ 106 (51), 21527-32. VLIZ. 2011. Maritime Boundaries Geodatabase, version 6.1. Available online at [ht...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Maritime Boundaries Geodatabase" ], "acronym": [ "VLIZ" ], "producer": [ "VLIZ" ], "timeframe": [ "2011" ], "datatype": [ "database" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Bank. [43] Multifaceted challenges such as refugee impacts on host communities and assisting of refugees to achieve self-reliance require a combination of policy and investment. The approach is aligned with lessons from the 2023 World D...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "2023 World Development Report" ], "producer": [ "World Bank" ], "timeframe": [ "2023" ], "datatype": [ "Report" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Zambia" ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | MEP reforms are geared towards sustainability** . [22] An important consideration of the reform program is that the planned interventions do not require a level of investment that would put inordinate fiscal pressure regarding the MEP b...

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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | 43.7 60.5 24.5 Number of trees per acre 71.1 99.8 15.1 79.7 138.3 12.8 Planted coffee trees during the past 5 years 8.7 11.7 2.8 7.3 12.8 1.1 Planted fruit trees during the past 5 years 16.2 21.2 6.5 12.3 20.9 2.6 Planted soil fertility...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "2005/06 UNHS III" ], "acronym": [ "UNHS III" ], "producer": [ "Own computation" ], "timeframe": [ "2005/06" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_acrony...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Economics of Disasters and Climate Change and can be identified from the results of this paper. An important constraint is that for such development to be feasible, they should be paired with transportation investments, which maintain a...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "surveys in Tan Chau district" ], "datatype": [ "surveys" ], "specificity": [ "descriptive" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Vietnam" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "surv...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Phase II. A minimum of US$50 million under the sub-component will be allocated to economic infrastructure, such as roads, bridges, markets, and storage facilities to support income generation and deepen integration with economic opportu...

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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | with effective stakeholder engagement, procurement, and contract management capabilities. **C. Project Beneficiaries** 38. There are two cohorts of primary beneficiaries under the project: (a) refugees and former refugees who will benef...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Zambia national registry" ], "datatype": [ "registry" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "Zambia" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_datatype": { "head": "Zambia national r...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | large-scale gold mines in Ghana. We find that a new large-scale gold mine changes economic outcomes, such as access to employment and cash earnings. In addition, it raises local wages and expenditure on housing and energy. An important ...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "2010 Ghana population census" ], "timeframe": [ "2010" ], "datatype": [ "census" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "background" ], "geography": [ "Ghana" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_time...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | GoR has progressive laws and policies on forced displacement.** The World Bank, in consultation with the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR), has confirmed that Rwanda’s refugee protection framework is adequate for the...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "data.unhcr.org", "global Refugee Self-Reliance Initiative index" ], "producer": [ "United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees" ], "datatype": [ "index" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named" ], "usage": [ "backgr...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Costa Rica Results in Education (CORE) (P181174) can contribute meaningfully to environmental conservation and sustainable development while meeting the challenges posed by climate change. **MEP Management Structure a...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Costa Rica Results in Education" ], "acronym": [ "CORE" ], "producer": [ "The World Bank" ], "specificity": [ "named" ], "usage": [ "primary" ], "geography": [ "Costa Rica" ] }, "relations": [ { ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **The World Bank** Socio-economic Inclusion of Refugees & Host Communities in Rwanda Project Phase II (P509677) health facilities and market-linked skills training. [7] The 2024 Rwanda FinScope survey also showed relatively low takeup o...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Rwanda FinScope survey", "2022 Census" ], "timeframe": [ "2024", "2022" ], "datatype": [ "survey", "Census" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named" ], "usage": [ "background", "background" ], ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | safety nets were key recommendations from the Climate Change Development Report (2024) for Djibouti. 3. **Low human capital further constrains economic and climate resilience and limits opportunities for inclusive** **growth.** Djibouti...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Climate Change Development Report", "Women, Business, and the Law Index" ], "producer": [ "World Bank" ], "timeframe": [ "2024", "2022" ], "datatype": [ "Report" ], "specificity": [ "named", "named" ], ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **______________________________________________________________________________** **Table 4.1: Trend Tests for Thematic Shares** Climate Pollution Land Biodiversity [8] Water Policy Other Time 0.318 -0.167 0.639 0.074 0.008 -1.071 0.19...

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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | ESCP. WHR funds re-allocated to the CERC may only be used to benefit refugees and host communities. **E. Role of Partners** **Table 4: Role of Partners** |Partner|Nature of Involvement/Description| |---|---| |UNHCR|MINEMA works with UNH...

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specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | Jun. (2020). Coastal Development between Opportunity and Disaster Risk: A Multisectoral Risk Assessment for Vietnam. Policy Research Working Paper; No. 9352. World Bank, Washington Bright, E. A., Rose, A. N. & Urban, M. L. _Landscan 201...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Landscan 2015 High-Resolution Global Population Data Set", "Facebook Connectivity Lab and Center for International Earth Science Information Network - CIESIN", "multi-temporal global population grids at 250 m resolution" ], "producer": [ "Oak Ridge Nation...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | EA were randomly sampled. As table 1 illustrates, 5,530 of the sample households were involved in agricultural activities. Of these, about 31%, or 1,728 with 5,448 parcels, are mixed owner/occupants who operated at least one parcel unde...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "Information on crop output" ], "timeframe": [ "July - December 2004 and January - June 2005" ], "specificity": [ "vague" ], "usage": [ "background" ] }, "relations": [ { "has_timeframe": { "head": "Information on ...

specificity: named | descriptive | vague usage: primary | supporting | background | **Table 3.1: Distribution of Country Probabilities** **of Project Success, by Region** |Region|Min|Median|Max| |---|---|---|---| |Sub-Saharan Africa|0|64|100| |Middle East, North Africa|0|71|100| |South Asia|69|71|100| |East Asia, Pacif...

{ "entities": { "name": [ "all World Bank projects approved since FY 1998", "all AAA since FY 2000", "project database" ], "producer": [ "World Bank", "World Bank" ], "timeframe": [ "since FY 1998", "since FY 2000" ], "datatype": [ "projects"...