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<|system|>
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the discovery of high - energy @xmath0-radiation from extragalactic compact objects has motivated many authors to consider the effects of @xmath0-ray absorption by @xmath0-@x... |
<|system|>
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the understanding of irreversible phenomena including nonequilibrium ( ne ) steady state is a long - standing problem of quantum statistical mechanics . with the recent exper... |
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electron scattering from nuclei is a common and powerful tool for studying the structure of nuclei .
the method relies on our superior understanding of quantum electrodynam... |
<|system|>
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debris disk systems provide a look at an intermediate stage of stellar system evolution .
they represent the transition between the early formation of stars and planets in ... |
<|system|>
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energy waste is a severe bottleneck in the supply of sustainable energy to any modern economy .
besides developing new energy sources , the global energy crisis can be alle... |
<|system|>
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the recent measurements of the vector charmonium radiative decays to light pseudoscalars , i.e. @xmath0 , @xmath1 and @xmath13 , @xmath14 and @xmath15 , have brought surprise... |
<|system|>
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it has long been known that phase transitions are uncommon in one - dimensional classical statistical mechanics .
an old argument by peierls shows that in models at non - z... |
<|system|>
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lynds 988e ( l988e = iras 21023 + 5002 ) was identified as one of six iras point sources ( l988a - f ) observed toward the l988 dark cloud , which is located on the edge of t... |
<|system|>
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epidemic models are classically phrased in ordinary differential equation ( ode ) systems for the host population divided in classes of susceptible individuals and infected o... |
<|system|>
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for its remarkable high tensile strength and ductility @xcite , mg - based long - period stacking ordered ( lpso ) structures are considered as light - weight structural all... |
<|system|>
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it has been known for some time that in the limit of arbitrarily large heavy quark masses that qcd has a symmetry which relates hadrons with two heavy quarks ( anti - quarks ... |
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supernova sn 1993j in m81 discovered by francisco garca of lugo , spain ( @xcite ) is a type iib supernova ( sn ) whose red giant progenitor probably had a mass of 12 - 16 w... |
<|system|>
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entanglement is a key quantum resource for quantum information processing and it plays a critical role in many important applications in quantum communication , such as quant... |
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stochastic processes made their appearance in research in physics long time ago and their theory has played an important role in the description of systems which do not behav... |
<|system|>
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classical novae are rather frequently observed in our galaxy ( liller & mayer 1987 , shafter 1997 ) , and have also been studied in external galaxies ; typically @xmath2 34 p... |
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we congratulate marek jeabek for organizing an excellent conference . we thank maria krawczyk for several useful discussions .
this research was partially supported by the ... |
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over the course of the last decade , network science has attracted an ever growing interest since it provides important insights on a large class of interacting complex syste... |
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in the last few years , several studies have established the existence of a statistical excess of line - of - sight companion galaxies around high redshift quasars . although... |
<|system|>
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the higgs mechanism is an essential part of the present day formulation of the standard model .
the u(1 ) gauge model coupled to scalars is a simplification of the gauge
... |
<|system|>
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the arecibo l - band feed array zone of avoidance ( alfa zoa ) survey searches for 21-cm line emission from neutral hydrogen ( h ) in galaxies behind the disk of the milky wa... |
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itamp is supported in part by a grant from the nsf to the smithsonian institution and harvard university .
vmm and glk were partially supported by faperj ( proceess nos .
... |
<|system|>
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two - dimensional ( 2d ) electron systems have been a fertile source of interesting physics over the past few decades , playing host to the fractional and integer quantum hal... |
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regular arrays of ultracold neutral atoms @xcite are a versatile tool for the quantum simulation @xcite of many - body physics @xcite .
recent experimental progress allo... |
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planck scale physics is an unknown frontier where gravitational and quantum effects are closely entwined . at this scale
, it might occur that lorentz covariance is jeopard... |
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multiple sequence alignment ( msa ) is one of the most fundamental tasks in bioinformatics .
while there are many attempts to handle comparative sequence analyses without r... |
<|system|>
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the motivation for this paper stems from an important , but seemingly forgotten 1982 report by prof .
marshall p. tulin presented during the @xmath0 symposium on naval hydr... |
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cosmic rays ( crs ) below the knee " in the galaxy are commonly believed to be accelerated at the shock of supernova remnants ( snrs ) . however
, whether the @xmath0-rays... |
<|system|>
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jet observables , event shapes and jet rates , revealed themselves as one of the richest laboratories to explore qcd .
being infrared and collinear safe ( irc ) , they can ... |
<|system|>
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the supermassive black - hole in the center of the milky way , located in the radio source sgr a * , is one of the most interesting astronomical objects : see ref .
@xcite... |
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structure growth via mergers is one of the main predictions of cdm type cosmologies .
however , what is predicted is the merger rates of dark matter halos , which are not d... |
<|system|>
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transport of molecules across cell membranes is an essential mechanism for life processes .
these molecules are often long and flexible , and the pores in the membranes are... |
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) by @xmath119 @xcite .
the lines represent the numerical results for the delta function ( i.e. , all nodes have same activity potential ) and power - law activity distrib... |
<|system|>
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gravity is a universal and fundamental force .
anything which has energy creates gravity and is affected by it , although the smallness of newton s constant @xmath1 often m... |
<|system|>
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in recent years , indirect evidence for the presence of convection in sunspot penumbral filaments has been growing ( e.g. , scharmer 2009 ) .
e.g. , the twisting motion of ... |
<|system|>
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the lattice provides a useful tool for studying the gluon propagator because it is a first principles treatment that can , in principle , access any momentum window .
there... |
<|system|>
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there is strong evidence that most giant elliptical galaxies should possess nuclear supermassive black holes , relics of an earlier quasar phase .
quasar counts and integra... |
<|system|>
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gauge / gravity duality has been a very insightful tool used to study many properties of strongly coupled non - abelian plasmas , especially after many indications that the q... |
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one of the most exciting yet observationally challenging scientific objectives of the large area telescope ( lat ) on board the _ fermi gamma - ray space telescope _
@xcite... |
<|system|>
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in the field of superconductivity , symmetry of the cooper - pair wavefunction in spin- , time- , and orbital - spaces has attracted much attention for the past few decades .... |
<|system|>
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string repetitions called runs and the lempel - ziv factorization are structures that are of a great importance for data compression and play a significant role in stringolog... |
<|system|>
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over the last decade , a great deal of effort has been devoted to show the importance of antiferromagnetic ( af ) dynamical correlations for the physical properties of high-@... |
<|system|>
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to solve a conformal field theory ( cft ) amounts to finding its spectrum and 3-point correlation functions , since higher point functions may be obtained using the operator ... |
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the standard model ( sm ) had been tested in many experiments at lep , slc and tevatron with a high accuracy .
in particular , the yield of lepton pairs produced mainly via... |
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there are many problems concerning electronic structure where attention is focussed on a small region of a larger system , at surfaces or defects in crystals being perhaps th... |
<|system|>
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there is strong observational evidence that active galactic nuclei ( agn ) play an important role in the formation and growth of galaxies ( e.g. @xcite ) .
most supermassiv... |
<|system|>
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there is already a considerable but widely varying literature on the application of category theory to the life and cognitive sciences such as the work of robert rosen ( @xc... |
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multiple astrophysical and cosmological observations have demonstrated that a significant fraction of the matter content of the universe is in the form of new particles not i... |
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there have been many reviews of positron physics over the years @xcite .
more recently @xcite and @xcite considered the subject with an emphasis on experimental measuremen... |
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a central goal of the gaia mission is to teach us how the galaxy functions and how it was assembled .
we can only claim to understand the structure of the galaxy when we ha... |
<|system|>
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nearly all gaseous objects that shine are also observed to generate gaseous flows .
this includes the jets of protostars , the stellar winds of massive o and b stars , the ... |
<|system|>
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as the most common stellar remnants , white dwarfs ( wd ) provide an invaluable tracer of the early evolution of the galaxy .
their current density and distribution reflect... |
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the southern ara ob1 association shows evidence of recent star formation that may have been triggered by a supernova event ( herbst & havlen 1977 , hereafter hh77 ; arnal et ... |
<|system|>
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the first galaxies and their environments differed substantially from those locally , often involving multiple interactions as seen in the _ hst _ ultra deep field ( e.g. , ... |
<|system|>
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low surface brightness ( lsb ) spiral galaxies are defined as having central disk surface brightnesses @xmath3 23 mag arcsec@xmath4 , indicating low stellar surface densitie... |
<|system|>
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the phase diagram structure of spin - glasses remains an open field of inquiry , since most approaches to the problem rely on approximations . any exact analytical result in ... |
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<|user|>
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the arecibo oh megamaser ( ohm ) survey selects candidates from the pscz redshift catalog ( saunders et al .
2000 ) with the criteria : ( 1 ) @xmath0 jy , ( 2 ) @xmath1 , a... |
<|system|>
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<|user|>
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the analysis of dynamic processes taking place in complex networks is a major research area with a wide range of applications in social , biological , and technological syste... |
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cassiopeia a is the brightest shell - type galactic supernova remnant ( snr ) in x - rays and radio , and the youngest snr observed in our galaxy .
the radius of the approx... |
<|system|>
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star and planet formation are connected through disks .
disk formation , long thought to be a trivial consequence of angular momentum conservation during core collapse and ... |
<|system|>
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<|user|>
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the complexity of a large variety of systems , from infrastructures to the cell , is rooted in a network of interactions between their constituents @xcite .
quantifying the... |
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at the 14th of september 2015 , the advanced ligo detectors registered for the first time a gravitational wave ( * ? ? ?
* ( abbott 2016 ) ) .
according to the analysis o... |
<|system|>
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the hall sensor array resides in the center of a printed circuit board ( pcb ) .
there is a hole in the pcb and the hall sensor is glued directly on a copper plate cold fin... |
<|system|>
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the layered ruthenate - cuprate compound rusr@xmath0gdcu@xmath0o@xmath1 ( ru-1212 ) is a subject of intense interest as a unique model system to study the interplay between s... |
<|system|>
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ram pressure ( and related processes ) by the intracluster medium ( icm ) can remove a galaxy s gas ( gunn & gott 1972 ) .
this process has been observed in various stages ... |
<|system|>
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chiral perturbation theory ( chpt ) provides a means of implementing , in the most general way , the constraints on low - energy processes of the symmetries of qcd @xcite . ... |
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characterizing the thermodynamic properties of matter composed of strongly interacting particles has been the premier objective of heavy ion collision experiments at the rela... |
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dichroism is a well known concept in classical optics where it denotes the property shown by certain materials of having absorption coefficients which depend on the state of ... |
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electronically tuned microwave oscillators are key components used in a wide variety of microwave communications systems @xcite . the phase of the output signal exhibits fluc... |
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let @xmath2 be independent and identically distributed ( i.i.d . ) @xmath3-variate random vectors generated from the following model : @xmath4 where @xmath5 is a @xmath3-dime... |
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we thank g. kohring , d. stauffer and c. tsallis for interesting discussions .
this work was performed within the sfb 341 kln
aachen jlich supported by the dfg .
[ ... |
<|system|>
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star - formation rates ( sfrs ) are among the most fundamental measurements for constraining the physics of galaxy formation and evolution .
the past decade has seen a mult... |
<|system|>
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one long - standing problem in the study of nuclear activity in galaxies is to understand how mass is transferred from galactic scales down to nuclear scales to feed the supe... |
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recent advances in the controlled fabrication and manipulation of ultra - low temperature trapped bose gases @xcite has finally made it possible to experimentally investigate... |
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according to the braneworld hypothesis , our observable universe can be considered as a three - dimensional space sheet ( a @xmath2-brane ) embedded in a larger spacetime wit... |
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the strong observational evidence for an accelerating universe @xcite has sparked a widespread search for a dynamical explanation . beyond a bare cosmological constant ,
a... |
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when imperative programmers think of lists , they commonly choose doubly linked lists , instead of the singly linked lists that logic and functional programmers use . in the ... |
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as hetnet provides flexible and efficient topology to boost spectral efficiency , it has recently aroused immense interest in both academia and industry . as illustrated in f... |
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open dielectric resonators have received great attention due to numerous applications @xcite , e.g. , as microlasers @xcite or as sensors @xcite , and as paradigms of open wa... |
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the characterization of states and operations at the quantum level plays a leading role in the development of quantum technology .
a state reconstruction technique is a met... |
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cosmological general relativity ( cgr ) is a 5-d time - space - velocity theory@xcite of the cosmos , for one dimension of cosmic time , three of space and one of the univers... |
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since quantum chromodynamics ( qcd ) was established as the fundamental theory of strong interaction @xcite , it has been an important problem in theoretical physics to clari... |
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the thermal spectra of neutron stars during thermonuclear x - ray bursts have been used during the last three decades in numerous attempts to measure the neutron - star masse... |
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the x - ray emission from normal elliptical galaxies has two major components : soft ( @xmath0 kev ) emission from diffuse gas and harder ( @xmath1 kev ) emission from popula... |
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supernova remnants ( snrs ) are believed to be the primary sites for cosmic ray acceleration up to the ` knee ' of the cosmic rays spectrum .
x - ray observations revealed ... |
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the diffuse galactic @xmath0-ray emission ( dge ) from the full sky has recently been analyzed and compared with the observations with the _ fermi _ large area telescope ( _ ... |
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stellar multiplicity plays a crucial role in many fields of astronomy . star formation and evolution , galactic chemical evolution , nuclear astrophysics , and cosmology
ar... |
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advection - dominated accretion flows ( hereafter adafs ) have been studied extensively ( e.g , narayan & yi 1994 , 1995 ; abramowicz et al .
1995 ; see narayan , mahadevan... |
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large scale magnetic fields are widespread in the universe . from galaxies to clusters of galaxies
coherent magnetic fields are detected , with intensities that range from ... |
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[ sec:1 ] * remark .
* notation @xmath0 is equivalent to @xmath1 where @xmath2 } _ { n\times 1 } \ , & \rho & = & \rho_{ij } & = & \underbrace { \left [ \begin{array}{c } \... |
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this paper investigates the connection between symplectic geometry and those parts of representation theory which revolve around the notion of categorification .
the existe... |
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here we show that if one uses an isotropic exchange interaction instead of the anisotropic interactions in the teleportation protocol one can also perform adiabatic teleporta... |
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decays of a bound state of a quark and its anti - quark , quarkonium , provide an excellent laboratory for studying qcd .
particularly , heavy quarkonia such as charmonium ... |
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the geodesics in a kerr metric are considered in the classical books on general relativity [ 13 ] .
some recent papers are devoted to more detailed study of geodesics on ke... |
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the state of the intergalactic medium ( igm ) at redshift @xmath17 remains under considerable debate .
significant transmitted flux in the ly@xmath3 forest at @xmath18 mea... |
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nature has provided us with a variety of neutrino sources , from the not yet observed 1.9 k cosmological background to the icecube pev neutrinos @xcite , whose origin is stil... |
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social media has evolved from friendship based networks to become a major source for the consumption of news ( nist , 2008 ) . on social media
, news is decentralised as it... |
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recent development in the cooling and trapping technique of atoms and the following success in achieving the bose - einstein condensation of alkali atoms@xcite have now opene... |
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the analysis and interpretation of ongoing and future neutrino oscillation experiments strongly rely on the nuclear modeling for describing the interaction of neutrinos and a... |
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the merger of two neutron stars , two black holes or a black hole and a neutron star are among the most important sources of gravitational waves ( gw ) , due to the huge ener... |
<|system|>
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the idea of quantum pumping , i.e. of producing a dc current at zero bias voltage by time periodic modulation of two system parameters , dates back to the work of thouless @x... |
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