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<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: diffusive acceleration at newtonian shock fronts is an extensively studied phenomenon . detailed discussions of the current status of the investigations can be found in som...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: a plethora of observations concur that the universe at present enters a phase of accelerated expansion . in fact , most cosmologists accept that over 70% of the universe co...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: transmission through multiple transmit and multiple receive antennas , or the so - called multiple - input multiple - output ( mimo ) technology , is known as an efficient me...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: in vancouver a popular form of chinese luncheon is `` dim sum '' in which small quantities of a large variety of foods may be tasted . this review is a `` dim sum '' of par...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the first two exact solution of einstein s field equations were obtained by schwarzschild [ 1 ] , soon after einstein introduced general relativity ( gr ) . the first solut...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: for reliable realization of quantum feedback control , it is indispensable to take into consideration some real - world limitations , such as incomplete knowledge of the phys...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the central regions of the dwarf spiral galaxy ngc 4395 show most of the common signatures of nuclear activity . the optical and ultraviolet ( uv ) spectra reveal prominen...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: crosslinked polymer hydrogels are completely interconnected polymer networks that combine high water content with high porosity , forming macroscopic molecules that have appl...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the off - shell three - gluon vertex has been under investigation for more than three decades . by an analysis of the nonabelian gauge ward identities , ball and chiu@xcite i...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: understanding physical properties of the high-@xmath11 galaxies beyond @xmath13 is very important , because such galaxies are not only building blocks of lower-@xmath11 galax...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: in future experiments , the determination of the leptonic cp phase @xmath4 is one of the most important aim in elementary particle physics . a lot of effort have been dedic...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: there have been a number of calculations @xcite using light - front coordinates @xcite as a convenient means of attacking field - theoretic problems nonperturbatively , par...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the hungarian - made automated telescope network ( hatnet ; bakos et al . 2004 ) survey , has been one of the main contributors to the discovery of transiting exoplanets ( ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: a _ latin bitrade _ @xmath5 is a pair of partial latin squares which are disjoint , occupy the same set of non - empty cells , and whose corresponding rows and columns contai...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: instrumentation is a technique whereby existing code is modified in order to observe or modify its behaviour . it has a lot of different applications , such as profiling , ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: this is the fifth in a series of papers@xcite investigating the properties of strongly correlating liquids,@xcite i.e. , liquids that have strong correlations between their c...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: plasma tails of comets and their time variations potentially provide crucial information on solar winds and magnetic fields in the solar system ( e.g. , * ? ? ? * ; * ? ? ?...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: this paper concerns the problem of the high probability state transfer ( hpst ) @xcite between different nodes of the spin 1/2 chain , which becomes a popular problem due to ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the `` nodal defect '' of an eigenfunction of a schrdinger operator is closely related to the difference between the upper bound on the number of nodal domains given by coura...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: conjugated organic materials have a variety of applications . they are already being used in organic light emitting diodes ( oleds ) and organic thin - film transistors.@xcit...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the bulk of the chemical elements heavier than iron are thought to be produced by neutron induced reactions in the astrophysical s- and r - processes @xcite . a tiny fracti...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: we consider a gas of electrons with @xmath3 spin states confined to a one dimensional wire , experiencing an external potential @xmath4 , where @xmath5 is the coordinate alon...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: although conspicous inss such as the crab and vela pulsars have been observed from the very beginning of the mission , hst started to play a key role on the study of the opti...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: models of particle physics including weak scale supersymmetry ( susy ) are amongst the most promising candidates@xcite for new physics at the tev scale . of this class of mod...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: cosmological observations coming from type ia supernovae @xcite , cosmic microwave background radiation @xcite and the large scale structure @xcite , provide evidences that t...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: in a bidirectional relay network , two users exchange information via a relay node @xcite . several protocols have been proposed for such a network under the practical half...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: einstein s general theory of relativity ( gtr ) has proved to be one of the most successful physical theories ever formulated . as a theory of the gravitational interaction ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: a study of disorder in condensed matter systems is useful from two perspectives . disorder is inherent in most condensed matter systems and often has profound effects on th...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: we study packings of @xmath1-joins in plane graphs . let @xmath0 be a graph and @xmath1 an even - size subset @xmath1 of its vertices . @xmath1-join _ is a subgraph @xmat...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: a global economic crisis , such as the recent 2008 - 2009 crisis , is certainly due to a large number of factors . in today s global economy , with strong economic relation...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: most of the galaxies of the local universe shine by effect of stellar and interstellar gas emissions , predominantly in the optical band . typically , the emitted spectra a...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: almost all of the current semiconductor devices are based on manipulating electronic charges . the arising field of spintronics proposes to use the spin degree of freedom o...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: as the instrumentation for millimeter - wave telescopes improves , it becomes progressively more straightforward to study individual molecular clouds in other galaxies . re...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: recently , there is increasing evidence of the excess of the 130gev gamma - ray line from the galactic center ( gc ) in the four - year fermi data @xcite . this may be int...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: hidden in batse s superb gamma - ray burst lightcurves in different energy bands are temporal and spectral signatures of the fundamental physical processes which produced the...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: chiral lagrangian for low lying pseudoscalar mesons@xcite@xcite as the most successful effective field theory is now widely used in various strong , weak and electromagnetic ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: consider that alice holds the qubit system and bob holds the qutrit system . like in the @xmath26-qubit scenario here also the following two cases are possible : ( a - i ) ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: recently , the study of the dynamics of @xmath3 on the @xmath2-character variety of @xmath5 for a compact hyperbolizable @xmath6-manifold @xmath0 with nonempty boundary and n...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: psr b1706 - 44 is a young ( @xmath6 yr ) , energetic 102 ms pulsar originally discovered by @xcite . it is one of several sources with spin down ages 10@xmath710@xmath8...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: it is widely believed that accretion disks around kerr black holes exist in many astrophysical environments , ranging from active galactic nuclei to some stellar binary syste...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: in unified models for radio sources , bl lac objects are the low - power radio galaxies whose jets are the most highly beamed along our line of sight ( e.g. browne 1983 ; an...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: cepheid variables have been used to determine galactic distances for many decades ( e.g. @xcite , @xcite and references therein ) . the relationship between their period of...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: multiple - input multiple - output ( mimo ) systems with large number ( e.g. , tens ) of transmit and receive antennas , referred to as ` large - mimo systems , ' are of inte...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the knowledge of the dynamics of disk galaxies is essential in order to understand their structure and history . unfortunately , disk galaxies are difficult systems to mode...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the role of electron - phonon ( @xmath2-ph ) interaction in the high-@xmath3 superconductivity has received considerable attention since the discovery of oxygen isotope effec...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the peculiar electronic properties of graphene first observed experimentally by geim et al . @xcite and zhang et al . @xcite can accurately be described by massless two di...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: different cosmological probes seem to point toward a consensus scenario characterized by a universe which is experiencing an accelerated expansion . standard candles ( snia...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: was discovered as part of the hamburg / eso quasar survey and was first identified as a gravitational lens candidate by wisotzki et al . ( @xcite ) . it consists of two l...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: stars form out of gas in the densest areas of molecular clouds . early studies of molecular cloud structure ( e.g. @xcite ) concluded that a division into discrete clumps ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: [ [ an - intriguing - discrepancy . ] ] an intriguing discrepancy . + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + there is an intriguing and longrunning discrepanc...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: one of the most pervasive tendencies of humans is putting things in ranking order . in human societies these tendencies are reflected in their social interactions and network...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: recent advances in nanoscience are expanding the limits of phononic thermal transport , both in the low conductance and high conductance side @xcite . the highest thermal c...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: working out a quantitative description of the properties of dense strongly interacting matter produced in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions presents one of the most fasc...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: single layer graphene is a zero - gap semiconductor whose low energy quasiparticles obey the massless dirac equation @xcite . at charge neutrality , the fermi surface redu...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: many high energy scattering experiments probe hadron structure very close to the light - cone . hence correlation functions probed in such experiments have a particularly s...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: any quantum theory of gravity will have to propose a prescription to deal with the unavoidable @xcite nonlinearities that plague ctcs . this requires some sort of modifica...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: energy spectra and colour - colour diagrams ( cd ) are often used to study neutron - star low - mass x - ray binaries ( ns - lmxbs ; e.g. , * ? ? ? the evolution of the ene...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: non - gaussianity from the simplest inflation models , that are based on a slowly rolling scalar field , is very small @xcite ; however , a very large class of more general ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: recently the manifolds of exceptional holonomy attracted much attention . these are 7dimensional manifolds of @xmath5 holonomy and 8dimensional manifolds of @xmath7 holonomy ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: cosmological inflation @xcite @xcite @xcite @xcite was proposed to address the horizon problem , flatness problem and monopole problem in the context of big bang cosmology . ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: alice is a general - purpose heavy ion experiment designed to study the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark gluon plasma ( qgp ) in nucleus - nucleus collisi...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: we study the statistics of the exchange of energy between two subvolumes @xmath1 and @xmath2 of a quantum system . we assume that no degrees of freedom leave or enter @xmat...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: in standard cosmology , the acoustic oscillations imprinted in the matter power spectrum at recombination have a length scale that can be accurately calculated based on measu...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: let @xmath0 and @xmath1 be the caldern zygmund singular integral operator . the commutator @xmath2 $ ] generated by @xmath3 and @xmath1 is defined as @xmath2(f)(x)=b(x)t(f...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: we perform numerical simulations of the deformation and failure of defected monolayer graphene using the lammps molecular dynamics simulator package @xcite . the carbon - ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the total energy formula obtained by sun is @xmath1 \label{uv}\ ] ] where @xmath2 is the total energy per atom , @xmath3 and @xmath4 are the equilibrium bulk modulus and equi...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: for self - contain the bwma relations have been given in the appendix a through the graphs for three states . denoting the eigenvalues of a braiding matrix @xmath15 with thre...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: phenomenology of models based on extra spatial dimensions @xcite is quite popular now . besides offering a solution to the hierarchy problem of the standard model @xcite ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: as we all know , chiral symmetry breaking was originally explained quite well by nambu - jona - lasinio ( njl ) model as early as 1961 @xcite . like in superconductivity , ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the process of the energy interchange between radiation and matter provided by compton scattering is relevant in many areas of physics . for example , in cosmology it keeps...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: electron - electron interaction is responsible for very many phenomena studied by the different fields of physics ranging from astrophysics to biophysics . amongst them ato...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the problem of diffusion in a given velocity field has both theoretical and practical relevance in many different fields of science and engineering as , e.g. , transport proc...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: several decades of experimental and theoretical work on electron scattering have provided a wealth of information on nuclear structure and dynamics @xcite . in these experime...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the authors thank s. dittmaier for useful discussions . 99 s. l. glashow , nucl . * 22 * ( 1961 ) 579 ; s. weinberg , phys . * 19 * ( 1967 ) 1264 ; a. salam , proc . ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: in recent years , gaussian filters have assumed a central role in image filtering and techniques for accurate measurement @xcite . the implementation of the gaussian filter...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: in the last few years there has been another wave of excitement regarding the question of neutrino masses . this is largely due to the many new experiments testing neutrino...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: when matter is exposed to intense laser fields , high harmonics ( hhs ) of the incident radiation may be produced . usually , only odd harmonics are obtained even when the ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: there has been considerable interest in the localized solutions of the einstein s equations with nonlinear field sources in recent years ( @xcite , @xcite , @xcite , @xcite ,...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: stars form in dense , cold molecular clouds . measuring the molecular gas content of the clouds is very important if we are to estimate the star formation efficiency and re...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the _ @xmath0-cube _ @xmath4 , or @xmath0-dimensional hypercube , has been extensively studied . nevertheless , many open questions remain . et al . _ wrote a comprehensi...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: here we give the details of the calculation of the proximity induced amplitudes @xmath146 . because the superconductor is only weakly coupled through the tunnel barrier @xm...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the chemical peculiar ( cp ) stars of the upper main sequence display abundances that deviate significantly from the standard ( solar ) abundance distribution . the existen...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: considering observable effects from wormholes or ringholes is not new . more than a decade ago some of such effects were already predicted by several author [ 1,2 ] . in pa...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: electron spins confined in carbon nanotube@xcite ( cnt ) quantum dots@xcite ( qd ) are considered attractive for quantum information storage and processing due to the absence...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: physics of ultracold atoms is fascinating in many respects . the ways how these systems can be manipulated in magnetic and optical traps open possibilities to an enormous n...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: in this study we suggest a new family of spherical mass distribution models that generalizes models by an & evans ( 2006 , hereafter ae ) and models by kuzmin et al . @xcite ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the contact pattern among individuals in a population is an essential factor for the spread of infectious diseases . in deterministic models , the transmission is usually m...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: non - axisymmetric deformations of rapidly rotating self - gravitating bodies are a rather generic phenomenon in nature and could appear in a variety of astrophysical scenari...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: in most history of our universe , gravity has been the dominant force in determining cosmological evolutions . due to the onset of gravitational instability , primordial fluc...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the theoretical results of atomic parity non - conservation ( pnc ) when combined with the experimental results is an important probe of physics beyond the standard model of ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: one of the active areas of high energy physics research is the study of thermodynamic properties of interacting hadronic matter in the extreme conditions of temperature and/o...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the use of symmetry methods to understand bound states has an ancient origin and has given many of its fruits in atomic and subatomic physics - the work of marcos moshinsky i...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: let @xmath7 be the tropical semifield , where the tropical sum @xmath8 is taking the maximum @xmath9 , and the tropical product @xmath10 is taking the ordinary sum @xmath11 ....
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the discrete dipole approximation ( dda ) provides a flexible and general method to calculate scattering and absorption of light by objects of arbitrary geometry @xcite . t...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: entanglement is considered to be the key resource of the rapidly developing fields of quantum information processing and quantum computation , for an introduction see e.g. @...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: a shift of finite type ( sft ) is a dynamical system defined by finitely many local transition rules . these systems have been studied for their own sake @xcite , and they ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: it is well known that an essential characteristic of compounds forming liquid crystals is the rod - like shape of their constituent molecules , with an high length to breadth...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: the enrichment of the intergalactic medium ( igm ) with heavy elements has , over the past decade , become a key tool in understanding star and galaxy formation by providing ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: dynamic traffic assignment ( dta ) is the descriptive modeling of time - varying flows on traffic networks consistent with traffic flow theory and travel choice principles . ...
<|system|> You are a helpful assistant that summarizes text and tables clearly, accurately, and concisely. <|user|> Summarize the following text: collimated outflows / jets are produced from active galactic nuclei , compact stars in x - ray binaries , and young stellar objects ( ysos ) ( e.g. , krolik 1999 ; mirabel & ...