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train_100 | What is described in this image? | 3.2. The behaviors of phase transition of silica in diatomite 3.2.1. XRD analysis of the sintered samples Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) is one of the primary techniques used for tracking changes in the layer spacing and new phase formation of crystalline phase [15]. Fig. 5 shows the XRD patterns of diatomite calcined... | |
train_101 | What is described in this image? | which undoubtedly confirms that the material is X-ray amorphous (see Fig. 1a), similarly to a Cu44Zr47Al9 composition (d = 4 mm) [44]. The corresponding linear heating DSC curve exhibits typical features of a glass, including the glass transition (Tx = 671 K) followed by a two-stage crystallization sequence characteriz... | |
train_102 | What is described in this image? | Figure 7. Experimental plot of In Ti / B versus 1000/ Tp (for both two separated peaks (a) and (b)) straight regression lines of Ge10As20Te70, alloy (B in K s=1) | |
train_103 | What is described in this image? | Moreover, they are mechanically strong, solvent resistant, and environmentally stable. One major drawback of thermosetting polymers, including SMPs, lies in processing. By introducing catalyst to accelerate transesterification at high temperature, the resulted covalently cross-linked epoxy which was able to change its ... | |
train_104 | What is described in this image? | increase with decreasing cooling rate, as expected. The transition appears to be considerably broadened for the 16 nm film, consistent with the recent work of Nealey and coworkers.25 For the thicker films, no broadening is evident but at low cooling rates, two small peaks appear at temperatures higher than that for the... | |
train_105 | What is described in this image? | XRD did not show evidence of crystallinity on non-degraded BSPU1, as shown in Fig. 6a, where an amorphous halo with a maximum at 20 = 20° was observed. In the case of BSPU2 (Fig. 6b), two small peaks at 21.3° and 23.7° on top of this amorphous background were identified and related to crystalline domains in the PCL. XR... | |
train_106 | What is described in this image? | nanowires in aqueous dispersion. In this case, Tg (~78 °C) of the ~120 nm PS nanowires in aqueous dispersion shows a reduction of ~24.5 ℃ (Tg=Tg, bulk = ~-24.5 ℃) from that of bulk (~102.5 ℃). However, as for the PS nanowires confined in AAO template, no diameter dependence and a slight increase (~3 ℃) in Tg from that ... | |
train_107 | What is described in this image? | The changes of thermal effects with increase annealing time reflect dynamics of bitumen microstructure formation. The bitumen molecules during storage at room temperature after rapid cooling from the melt have time and kinetic conditions for the formation of supramolecular structures. Figure 4 illustrates that these pr... | |
train_108 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 2 is a comparative study of XRD patterns of pure PEO/PVP (a), its complexes with various salt concentrations (b)-(d) and NaBr salt (e). The comparative study reveals that the intensity of all crystalline peaks of PEO decreases gradually, upon the addition of salt to the polymer blend, suggesting a decrease in the ... | |
train_109 | What is described in this image? | The microstructures of the samples aged at 700-900 ℃ are shown in Fig. 15. Aging at these temperatures resulted in precipitation of fine acicular O-phase of different width inside B2-grains. O-phase precipitates can also be found on the B2-grains borders. The chemical composition of the B2-grain borders, measured by ED... | |
train_110 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 6 displays the densities of the sucrose esters and their corresponding epoxidized products. It shows that the densities of the sucrose esters are below 1.0 g cm-3, but that the densities of their epoxy products are above 1.0 g cm-3. For fully substituted Table 3 Fig. 6 sucrose esters, Fig. 6(a) shows that the dens... | |
train_111 | What is described in this image? | Figure 2. Chemical formulas of the reactants used for epoxy-anhydride curing. (Figure 2). The prior study showed that the fully substituted ESEFAs contain trace hydroxyls due to the presence of <30 wt % of hexaester and heptaester in the starting sucrose ester resins. Epoxidized sucrose soyate B6 (ESSB6) has additional... | |
train_112 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 3. FT-IR spectra of free curcumin (a), Cur-Lip (b), pure chitosan (c) and CS-Cur-Lip (d). Cur-Lip were determined to investigate the interaction among curcumin, liposome and chitosan. Fig. 3 showed the spectra of different samples. Peaks from 3387 to 3437 cm-1 (-OH and -- NH2 stretching) Lip (Fig. 3b), the peaks a... | |
train_113 | What is described in this image? | Figure 5 shows the DSC thermograms of PLANW and related nanocomposites after a cooling step at 10 ℃/min from the molten state. Despite the rigid nature of CNW, the addition of CNW-g- PLA in PLANW results in a noticeable change (decrease) in the glass transition of PLA (ca. 60 ℃), demonstrating that grafted PLA, Figure ... | |
train_114 | What is described in this image? | The crystallization volume fraction x at a temperature T during the crystallization can be written as AT/Atotal/ with AT representing the corresponding area of the specific temperature T, while Atotal represents the whole area of the crystallization peak in the DSC curve. According to the DSC traces, the relationship b... | |
train_115 | What is described in this image? | Variation in the value of Tg of the PPy–epoxy resin Figure 4. cribed well by Equation (1) with pc = 11 wt .- %. At higher PPy contents, ode reaches a value of 1 × 10-4 S . cm-1 at 20 wt .- %. Figure 4 shows the dependence of the DSC Tg on the weight fraction of PPy. T increases linearly with PPy wt .- % as expected in... | |
train_116 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 5 (A) Indexed SAED pattern for W-doped VO2 nanobelts along the patterns shown in Fig. 5. The fringe spacings observed in Fig. 5B patterns shown in Fig. 5. The fringe spacings observed in Fig. 5B | |
train_117 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 8 shows the results of the dew-point measurements. | |
train_118 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 1 shows TEM micrographs of samples II and III. Dark regions are assigned to the SEBS particles in which the characteristic domain structure of the block copolymer is seen (not so clear in Fig. 1 but obvious in Fig. 9). Average particle size in the ternary Fig. 9. TEM micrograph of PLA-h/PC/SEBS/EGMA = 60/20/15/5;... | |
train_119 | What is described in this image? | From TMDSC measurements during isothermal crystallization of iPS it is known that the rigid amorphous fraction is formed during isothermal crystallization [78]. On the other hand fast scanning data (Fig. 13) indicate the beginning of a continuous melting-recrystallization-remelting process in the vicinity of the anneal... | |
train_120 | What is described in this image? | The mass loss curve of FS is shown in Fig. 3. There are three well-resolved effects of mass loss on it, so we can use them to clarify the composition of the compound. As it can be seen from TGA curve, these effects take place in the temperature ranges of 300–500, 500–900 and 900–1050 K. The mass loss in the first step ... | |
train_121 | What is described in this image? | techniques, 66 see Appendix 6.1 for details. The T-junction and the microfluidic channels were arranged according to the geometry of Garstecki et al.64 All channels were 25 ± 5 µm in height. The channel of the aqueous phase was close to half the width (55 ± 5 um) of the organic phase channel (107 ± 5 um). Syringe pumps... | |
train_122 | What is described in this image? | and after different post-treatment is shown in Fig. 18. | |
train_123 | What is described in this image? | where Q is the heat flow rate, AHm is the enthalpy of fusion, dT/dt is the temperature scanning rate, mice is the mass of ice, m3q is the mass of water, and Cpice and Cpaq are heat capacities of ice and water, respectively. A two-phase envelope of ice-salt water is shown in figure 8 [15]. Using the inverse-lever rule, ... | |
train_124 | What is described in this image? | Shown in Figure 1 is a circuit board with only the connections laid out, no components attached. While some connections can be seen topically on the green substrate, other connections are within or underneath the board as the connections of various components cannot cross. The shapes and lines on the circuit board in F... | |
train_125 | What is described in this image? | Annealing time has little effect on Tg, Tx and Tp in the two bulk metallic glasses (Fig. 8(a), (b)). However, when the annealing time is long enough, Tg increases while Tx is decreasing. Wang et al. [49] studied the structural relaxation in Pd40Cu30Ni10Pd20 bulk metallic glass and proposed that this evolution observed ... | |
train_126 | What is described in this image? | C2A3, CA, CA2, CAg, and aluminum and calcium oxides, prepared by the same process for comparison, are shown in Fig. 3. The spray-dried aluminum nitrate is decomposed between 100° and 350°C, with two maxima for the weight loss rate, determined from Fig. 3. | |
train_127 | What is described in this image? | dissolved in P111i4FSI (0.5, 3.2 and 3.8 mol kg-1) at room temperature using a Ni working electrode are presented in Fig. 9. Fig. 9 Linear sweep voltammograms (1st cycle) for neat P111;4FSI and solutions of 0.5, 3.2 and 3.8 mol kg-4 LiFSI in P11114FSI at a Ni working electrode with a potential sweep rate of 20 mV s-1 ... | |
train_128 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 2 DSC measured transitions Figure 2 summarizes typical material transitions (properties) measured by DSC and indicates whether each is reversing or nonreversing. Note that several transitions, particularly polymer melting, contain both reversing and nonreversing characteristics. MDSCTM facilitates the separation o... | |
train_129 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 4. The melting DSC curves of the SA, CPCM 1, CPCM 2 and CPCM 3. The DSC results of SA, CPCM 1, CPCM 2 and CPCM 3 are presented in Fig. 4, Fig. 5 and Table 1. The latent heat data of the composites are compared with the data calculated from Eq. (1), and shown in Table 2. ΔΗραΜ represents the calculated latent heat ... | |
train_130 | What is described in this image? | The effect of increase in drug loading on the no is illustrated in Fig. 6. The trends observed for changes in no with the increase in drug loading could be interpreted based on the Tm and consequently the state of the drug in the polymer at the softening temperature. For instance, low melting IND was miscible with the ... | |
train_131 | What is described in this image? | content, which suggested that TAP acts not only as crosslinkers but also as chain extenders, similar to other covalent cross-linked systems reported.50 The schematic illustration for the structure of thermoset shape-memory polyimides is manifested as Figure 6. Figure 6. Schematic illustration of thermoset shape-memory ... | |
train_132 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 5 shows the temperature program of the ultrafast DSC This can be repeatedly confirmed from the cooling process of Fig. 5, as shown in Fig. 9. During the cooling process after heating at a rate of 100 °C s-1 (see Fig. 9(h)), the crystallization temperature reduced significantly. Further, the crystallization enthalp... | |
train_133 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 3 DSC curves of steel 1 obtained during heating (a) and cooling (b) with the heating/ cooling rates of 5 and 20 ℃ min-1; characteristic temperatures: Ty->8 temperature of o-ferrite formation, TPER | |
train_134 | What is described in this image? | 2.7. Tensile and Welding Properties. Figure 7 shows the stress-strain curves of the cured epoxies. All the samples Figure 7. Stress=strain curves of DER-1, TEP-1, and TEP-2. The picture on the right side is the digital photo of the test specimens. | |
train_135 | What is described in this image? | 3.2.2 1H-NMR. Fig. 3 displays the 1H-NMR spectra of SSF and ESSF. The spectrum of SSF shows the characteristic peaks of protons on double bonds (-CH=CH-) at 5.21-5.50 ppm, the peaks of protons on the carbons between double bonds (-CH=CH-CH2-CH=CH-) at 2.72-2.83 ppm, and the peaks of protons on the carbons next to doubl... | |
train_136 | What is described in this image? | Figure 3. Indium calibration run | |
train_137 | What is described in this image? | Before compression moulding, multilayer 0/90 bidirectional hybrid yarn prepregs were prepared by winding the hybrid yarn around a 19 × 19-cm steel rectangular frame (Fig. 2). A 0/90 bidirectional layup of the prepreg was chosen, due to the ease of the winding technique. Each prepreg had 12 layers of wound yarns, to ach... | |
train_138 | What is described in this image? | (Scheme 2). The structure of HODEAz (8) was confirmed by FTIR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The FTIR spectrum shows a strong absorption band at 2133 cm-1 due to asymmetric stretching vibration of azide group (N3) and also a shift of the carbonyl group band from 1707 to 1720 cm-1 due to the formation of a more electron with... | |
train_139 | What is described in this image? | The thermal properties for pure octadecane are given in different references which are collected by the National Institute of Standards (NIST) [24]. Table 2 shows the values used in this paper as reference. Fig. 1 shows the enthalpy of octadecane in function of temperature built with the reference values. Fig. 1. Entha... | |
train_140 | What is described in this image? | Tack showed an even stronger dependence on CT at both room temperature (23°C) and cold temperature (4℃) shown in Figure 2. At room temperature the tack was poor (i.e., maximum value) for CT = - 8°C (265 K) and good for CT s Figure 2 Tack as a function of calculated Tg-Dsc (using DSC component values and the Fox equatio... | |
train_141 | What is described in this image? | Lost heat is a systematic error that is addressed with calibration: i) for pan-style DSCs if and only if the carrier gas, heating rate, detector, sample container mass and thermal properties, and approximate sample mass are all consistent, and ii) Tian-Calvet DSCs if and only if heating rate, detector, sample container... | |
train_142 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 12. Effect of cold deformation on the TDS spectrum of pure iron. steel. The corresponding TDS spectra are shown in Fig. 12. The graphs are only shown up to 300 ℃ because there were no high temperature peaks present in the spectrum. The only peak observed was the low intensity peak detected at about 90 ℃. The heigh... | |
train_143 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 7 shows the TGA curves of PVDF, PEG1000, and e-spun PEG1000/PVDF composite nanofibers. It shows that PEG1000 degraded completely at 435 °C, while PVDF began its degradation at 470 °C. The e-spun PEG1000/PVDF composite nanofibers degraded in two stages: the first stage was below 440 °C and the second one was above ... | |
train_144 | What is described in this image? | Figure 12 Plots of loss modulus versus angular frequency for the PLA and PLA/MBS blends. Figure 12 displays the relationship between loss modulus and angular frequency of the PLA/MBS | |
train_145 | What is described in this image? | The ratio of these rates results in the diffusion factor DF (Eq. (5)). The evolution with reaction time of the heat flow diffusion factor DF and the heat capacity mobility factor DF* is shown in Fig. 6. Both factors, originating from two different experimental quantities, give quantitatively the same evolution and almo... | |
train_146 | What is described in this image? | Effect of operating temperature. Effect of operating temperature on permeability and selectivity of MMMs were studied from 25 ℃ to 65 °C at the pressure of 8 bar. Fig. 15 shows that permeability of all the tested gases increases with temperature. The reason can be deduced by looking at Arrhenius types of equation that... | |
train_147 | What is described in this image? | The plot of the heat of fusion values, as a function of the degree of crystallinity was constructed (Fig. 6) and extrapolation to 100% Fig. 6. Plot of the heat of fusion vs. degree of crystallinity for the polyesters under study. | |
train_148 | What is described in this image? | As said before, different samples of graphite/salt composites have been elaborated by uni-axial cold-compression. Graphite amount within the samples ranges from 5 to 20%wt. Each sample has been cycled at least 10 times in the DSC. Fig. 3 shows the Fig. 3. Measured compensation flux when heating (positive values) or coo... | |
train_149 | What is described in this image? | The effect of glycerol and oil in chitosan and galactomannan films was initially evaluated by FTIR analyses. Fig. 1a shows the FTIR spectra of the chitosan (CH) films containing 0, 0.5, 1.25 and 2.0% of glycerol (Gly). The broad band ranging between 3500 and 3100 cm™ is attributed to O-H stretching vibration that overl... | |
train_150 | What is described in this image? | By optimizing the synthesis conditions, the PMMA/paraffin microcapsule particles were finally obtained. However, the particles were easily agglomerated into lumps and no microcapsules were obtained under condition (a), as shown in Fig. 1a. It was thought that the poor stability of the reactants emulsion was probably th... | |
train_151 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 11. Effect of frequency on Tan d of epoxy (from left to right in transition interval: 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50, 100 Hz). Table 3 Effect of frequency on T of epoxy | |
train_152 | What is described in this image? | As shown in Fig. 2 the first intense peak in all Group A samples emerged at around 140 cm-1, followed by a very weak shoulder at 200 cm ¯ 1. The first intense peak in all Group A samples emerged at around 140 cm-1, followed by a very weak shoulder at 200 cm-1. These peaks confirm the existence of Bi3+ cations in [BiO3]... | |
train_153 | What is described in this image? | Additionally, the lithium ion transference number (tij+) had been determined by combining the measurements of impedance spectra and DC polarization at 60 °C. Results are shown in Fig. 5 and are summarized in Table 2 for both pure PEO and the composite electrolytes with 7.5 wt.% LLZO content. The value of the for the co... | |
train_154 | What is described in this image? | This appears at first sight to be a significant advance on the capabilities of conventional DSC. However, one must bear in mind certain assumptions that are inherently made. First, it is assumed that the average, for example, of heating at 7.3 K min- and cooling at -5.3 K min-1 will have exactly the same effect as heat... | |
train_155 | What is described in this image? | To further study the effect of these plasticizers on the transparency of the PLA. The UV-visible light transmittance of treated and plasticized PLA with TEC and ATBC were measured as shows in Figure 8a and Figure 8b. To further study the effect of these plasticizers on the transparency of the PLA. The UV-visible light ... | |
train_156 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 9 shows the plot of ln(M /Mo) versus T, for the CH2 carbon atom at 8 = 45 ppm for all compositions. The experimental data give a single exponential decay function. | |
train_157 | What is described in this image? | The values obtained (127-5 and 127-9℃) were similar to those obtained by DSC (121-3 and 123-1ºC) but the transitions were clearer (Figure 3). Figure 3. | |
train_158 | What is described in this image? | alloy, a thermal analysis of the sample produced at 55 J/mm3 VED was conducted by way of DSC. DSC-analysis was carried out at 5 ℃/min heating rate up to 1400 ℃. Two-phase transformation can be found on the obtained DSC-curve (Fig. 10, a): 1) an exothermal peak at 600-650 ℃ temperature range corresponding to the decompo... | |
train_159 | What is described in this image? | spectrum (see Fig. 1(a)). The determination of the kinetic parameters of this mobility give a value En = 45 kJ mol -1, not far from the value of the zero entropy line (ZEL) [41,42] (for Tmax = 173.2 K, E2ZEL = 37RTmax = 53 kJ mol-1). thermogram. Above this temperature, however, a new mobility appears as shown in Fig. 1... | |
train_160 | What is described in this image? | Microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC), which is a quantitative and rapid method, was used for comparison of the flammability of the cured DGEM/DDS and DGEBA/DDS. As illustrated in Fig. 9, the DGEM/ DDS showed lower peak heat release rate (PHRR) and total heat release (THR) than that of DGEBA/DDS, which were reduced u... | |
train_161 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 2 shows how well the new function fits the individual peaks of two different NiTi samples. Also a comparison with a standard Fraser- The asymmetry of the PW1 sample is less apparent. Both the onset and endset have comparable o values because the peak is more evenly distributed; however, the n and m values of the o... | |
train_162 | What is described in this image? | The thermal stability of these PEG samples was investigated using the TGA technique, and the measured curves are shown in Fig. 2. It can be seen from the results that the PEG samples behave a thermal decomposition starting in the temperature region from (523 to 623) K and ending at temperatures above 723 K. Also, the d... | |
train_163 | What is described in this image? | Figure 4 shows the first cycles of DSC- Figure 4. First DSC and dilatometry cycles (right) of Ti-14Nb in relation to the Ti–Nb phase diagrams (left). Dotted lines belong to the equilibrium &/B diagram. Gray areas represent the miscibility gaps in the metastable @/ B phase diagram. | |
train_164 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 8. Variation of the reduced isothermal cure rate, i., with the extent of cure, a, for EPO-1.0 at | |
train_165 | What is described in this image? | 3.4. Characterization of MMMs using differential scanning calorimetry The influence of the addition of MMTs on the glass transition temperature, T& of PEI/MMTs MMMs, is illustrated in Table 2, which shows that there are some changes in the To of the MMMs relative to the neat polymer. Since all of the temperatures were... | |
train_166 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 5. FTIR spectra of (a) pure Agar and Agar-RGO composite films with RGO concentrations of (b) 1 wt% and (c) 2 wt.% at various Temperatures. responsible during its transition, temperature-dependent FTIR spectra of Agar and its composites with different wt.% concentration of RGO have been recorded and are presented i... | |
train_167 | What is described in this image? | 3.5. Dynamic mechanical thermal testing DMTA is a technique for applying stress to a material and measuring its response. Since polymers are viscoelastic by nature, the analysis will give information about the storage modulus and the loss modulus. As the storage modulus is conceptually equivalent to the modulus of trad... | |
train_168 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 15. DSC scan of a very pure sample of sulphamerazine (3.6 mg). Heating rate, 2 deg min-1; program. dynamic purity V1.1. Found: purity, 99.81 mole%: ΔH. 45.8 kJ mole-1: For sulphamerazine, the DSC examination (Fig. 15) shows an endothermic reaction with a very sharp peak in the interesting temperature range. The re... | |
train_169 | What is described in this image? | Good linear relations can be found between the Qoil and the corresponding wax contents determined by both standard acetone method and Qoil/Qwax method (see Fig. 2). Fig. 2. The relationship between wax content and the Qoll- | |
train_170 | What is described in this image? | Figure 7. Plot of Y [ , In(a/ T2); +, In(dx /dt) p; ▼, In(a/ Tp); A, Figure 6 shows the variation of In(a/Tp) with 1/ Tp. The slope of this approximated formula gives the value of activation energy for crystallization Ec given in table 2. Figure 7 shows the variation of In(dx/dt)p, In(a/T2), In(a), In(a) Tp-To) | |
train_171 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 8. Stress-strain curves for the neat and modified PLA (a) and PBAT (b) films. As a matter of fact, the modified PLA with Joncryl strain hardens more easily then the unmodified counterpart (Fig. 8) | |
train_172 | What is described in this image? | Furthermore, the results of dielectric constant and impedance plots have been confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) study. Fig. 7(a-d) show the XRD patterns for CS:AgNt system and blend samples. Broad peaks were found in Fig. 7(a), which are ascribed to the amorphous nature of CS based electrolyte [23]. The peaks were f... | |
train_173 | What is described in this image? | Typical DSC behaviour of films from fish gelatin alone (G) or blended with lignin (G-L) are shown in Fig. 4. Films G exhibited thermal characteristics resembling those reported in a previous publication (Gómez-Estaca, Giménez, et al., 2009; Gómez-Estaca, Montero, et al., 2009) concerning a type A tuna-skin gelatin prep... | |
train_174 | What is described in this image? | In Fig. 1, an example of IR spectra for T5651-based sample is shown. In order to study the influence of the hard Fig. 1. FT-IR-spectrum of PU film (5651/1/0/31; code is described in Table 1). Detail of the Fig. 1, i.e., wavenumber region from 1600 to 1800 cm-1 was used for further analysis; see Fig. 2. Fig. 1. FT-IR-sp... | |
train_175 | What is described in this image? | The sequence of the interfacial reaction and the amount of elemental change can be gleaned from the EDS test data in Fig. 9. After 1 d of immersion, the small nuclei of HA or calcium phosphate can be detected on the surface of the powders. After 7 d, the powders are covered by HA and after 21 d the thickness of HA is s... | |
train_176 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 1. Total phenol content (a) and DPPH scavenging activities (b) of SSPS films with ZEO and MEO. Fig. 1 shows the total phenolic (TP) content of SSPS films incorporating ZEO and MEO. The TP content of pure SSPS used in this study was 11.3 mg GAE/100 g SSPS. TP content in the composite film significantly increased (P... | |
train_177 | What is described in this image? | Figure 22. FTIR spectra for PLGA 70/30 (syntheses 1 and 3) and PLGA 50/50 (syntheses 2 and 4). | |
train_178 | What is described in this image? | ~747 cm-1 corresponds to Li-coordinated TFSI anions in the crystal lattice. In the electrolyte spectrum, on the other hand, the single peak at 740 cm-1 (Fig. 5) has a slight asymmetric broadening and there is a small peak at 761 cm-1 attributed to PMMA. For the main feature the fitting procedure reveals peaks at ~740cm... | |
train_179 | What is described in this image? | after the starch sample was held at 10℃ below gelatinization onset temperature for 2 h (Fig. 5A). After further annealing the partially heated starch-water mixture at -7°C for 30 min, the glass transition temperature increased to -4.0℃ and became more evident (Fig. 5B). Gelatinization enthalpy was not changed after the... | |
train_180 | What is described in this image? | To gain more insight on the magnetic state, we performed zero-field as well as weak-transverse-field (WTF) uSR measurements up to 500 K. uSR measurements in the WTF configuration are used to determine the volume fractions of sample regions with and without static magnetic order. A persistent oscillation amplitude in WT... | |
train_181 | What is described in this image? | 3D-printed sample reported in Figure 8. In addition, the strain rate reached by PLA/HA composites is comparable to that of the conventional plastics used in FDM, that is, about 1 mm/ | |
train_182 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 2 Packing diagram of 1 in the HTP along (a) the a direction and (b) | |
train_183 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 1. One formal molecule of investigated crystal. | |
train_184 | What is described in this image? | DSC Studies. Thermoreversible study was further confirmed by DSC analysis. Figure 8 shows the heating and cooling curves of DSC analysis of the FEF-2- BM and DA cross-linked polymer. Figure 8a shows the first heating curve of the cross-linked polymer heated at -100 to 200 ℃. The curve "A" shows the first heating cycle.... | |
train_185 | What is described in this image? | * Determined from phase diagrams in Fig. 1a-j. The results from the Schrader equation are plotted in the form of the phase diagrams for the binary and pseudo-binary eutectic PCMs in order to determine the eutectic mass ratios and the eutectic point as shown in Fig. 1a-j. It is evident from the phase diagrams of the bin... | |
train_186 | What is described in this image? | Figure 7 SEM photographs of the impact fracture surface of PLA/MBS blends: (a) 100/0, (b) 95/5, (c) 93/7, (d) 90/10, As could be seen from Figure 7(a-c), the fracture surface of 100/0, 95/5, and 93/7 PLA/MBS blends showed relatively smooth, indicating that little plastic deformation had taken place during the impact te... | |
train_187 | What is described in this image? | 3.1. Characterization of the form-stable composite PCMs Fig. 2 shows the photos and SEM images of expanded VMT before and after CA-LA impregnation. As seen in Fig. 2(a) and (b), 3.1. Characterization of the form-stable composite PCMs Fig. 2 shows the photos and SEM images of expanded VMT before and after CA-LA impregna... | |
train_188 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 3. Normalized average tensile strength with standard deviation of GFRP bar specimens tested under different temperatures | |
train_189 | What is described in this image? | (80 ml min) from 300 K up to 500 K at a constant heating rate of 2 K min-1. The temperature was measured by a Pt-Pt/Rh thermocouple with the accuracy of ±0.5 K. Fig. 2 presents a comparison of the TG, DTG and DTA curves for HCC in the temperature range of 300-380 K. It can be seen from TG Fig. 2. TG, DTG and SDTA curve... | |
train_190 | What is described in this image? | To further confirm the structure of PSA, 1H NMR measurements were employed to characterize the product. Fig. 2 shows the 1H NMR spectra of PEPA, intermediate and PSA. A strong resonance signal at around 4.58 ppm in the spectra of PEPA, intermediate and PSA is similarly characteristic of the protons (labeled a) of methy... | |
train_191 | What is described in this image? | To explain these differences, attention must be paid to the filament deposition process in which the molten polymer is extruded from the nozzle and deposed on the already printed part (Figure 10). Moreover, to a lesser extent, filament stretching occurs also in the semimolten state due to the speed gradient between the... | |
train_192 | What is described in this image? | The degradation of both BSPUs samples was also evident by FTIR (Fig. 3). PCL hydrolysis was observed in the carbonyl region as this absorption shifted from 1728 cm-1 to 1712-1706 cm-1, which corresponds to hydrogen bonded C=O in the urethane. After alkaline or acidic hydrolysis, the BSPU1 carbonyl peak broadened while ... | |
train_193 | What is described in this image? | The specific volume of the amorphous phase Vg against Figure 6. Figure 6 shows the calculated specific amorphous volume Va which can be fitted by an exponential function with the parameters A = 1.168 (±0.006), B = - 0.083 (±0.006), and C=17.2 (±3). Va increases with increasing branching until saturation is reached at h... | |
train_194 | What is described in this image? | DSC analysis of Sn1_>Pb2Se reveal that the T decreases almost linearly at a rate of ~ - 3.2 K per x with increasing x up to ~0.2, the solubility limit of Pb (Figure 4). For example, Figure 4. Differential scanning calorimetry analysis of Sn __ Pb,Se (x = TS) that determines the phase transition phenomenon. PbSe alloyin... | |
train_195 | What is described in this image? | whose dimensions change drastically (~100% increase in length and 50% reduction in thickness) under mechanical stimulation (Figure 1 and Movie S1), similar to the malleable deformation of metals. However, it was confirmed by the single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SCXRD) studies that the visible deformation process is a ... | |
train_196 | What is described in this image? | The effect of heating rate on the transition in wool aged 52 days at 20℃ is shown in Figure 2. The transition decreases in size and temperature as the heating rate decreases. Similar effects were obtained for polystyrene, and the effect of heating rate on both materials is summarized in Figure 3. The values shown here ... | |
train_197 | What is described in this image? | Contour plots for E' and Tan (8) are shown in Fig. 18a-b. Using these contour plots, desired E' and Tan (8) corresponds to a particular annealing time, and temperature can be obtained for application requirements. Fig. 17 Normal probability plots for a) storage modulus and b) damping factor Fig. 18 Contour plots for a) | |
train_198 | What is described in this image? | The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of BR9000, HTPB and EHTPB were determined by DSC within the temperature range from -150 °C to 50 °C under nitrogen atmosphere (Fig. 11). The T2 of polydienes was greatly influenced by their chain microstructure and butadiene rubber (BR9000) with high cis-1,4 content possessed a ve... | |
train_199 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 8. Temperature of maximum intensity of the partial polarisation peaks, Tm. as a function of the corresponding polarisation temperature, Tp. The points on the lefthand side, with To between –140 and –110°C, correspond to the ß-relaxation of salicin (peaks in Fig. 5). The points with To between 8 and 30°C correspond... |
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