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train_200 | What is described in this image? | Crystalline structures of PLA and the biocomposites were characterized by synchrotron radiation Wide-Angle X-ray Diffraction (WAXD) (Fig. 4). As the diffractogram described, «-form homocrystallites showed four crystalline diffraction peaks at 20 of 12.2°, 13.8°, 15.7° and 18.4° corresponding to 010, 110/200, 203 and 01... | |
train_201 | What is described in this image? | Figure 14. Experimental FORC diagram derived from Figure 13, in coercivity-bias coordinates: (a) 2D contour plot representation and (b) 3D Table 5. Statistical Analysis of the FORC Distributions from Figure 14 | Table 5. Statistical Analysis of the FORC Distributions from Figure 14 | ... | |
train_202 | What is described in this image? | However, we have already demonstrated, besides the smallness of the sample (about 10 mg), that the model considering an uniform temperature field [4-6], is not correct. For example, if we compare in Figure 1 the thermograms (DSC curves) with this assumption and an experimental one, even during a melting at 0.5 K/min (r... | |
train_203 | What is described in this image? | The nucleating effect of the MWCNTs is seen not only at high temperatures but also below the temperature of maximum crystallization rate (minimum in crystallization half time). This temperature range is generally not accessible by non-isothermal experiments with linear cooling as schematically shown in Fig. 11. If the ... | |
train_204 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 4 shows the room-temperature PL spectra of TiO2 powders calcined at various temperatures. It is known that PL spectrum is the result of the recombination of excited electrons Fig. 4. Room-temperature PL spectra of TiO2 powders calcined at various temperatures The PL intensities of TiO2 powders in the wavelength ra... | |
train_205 | What is described in this image? | Fig.
4 FT-IR characterization of bulk 2926-2916 cm-1) providing the qualitative measure of conformational disorder. A shift toward higher wavenumbers indicates an increase in the conformational disorder in the system. Fig. 4a showsthe FT-IR spectra of bulk C16MImBF4 and C16MImBF4-sg. In the band range of 3100-2800 cm-... | |
train_206 | What is described in this image? | The thermal mechanical properties of the dual cross-linking epoxy polymers were examined by DMTA. Fig. 4 shows the storage modulus (G') and tan delta (tan ô) curves of the as cured epoxy materials for both heating and cooling processes. Compared with the control sample, an obvious decrease in the modulus for FM67 aroun... | |
train_207 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 6. Temperature-modulated DSC of prepreg material pre-cured for 30 min at 180 °C, modulation amplitude 1.6 K, underlying heating rate 10 KJmin, modulation period 60 s; total, reversing and non-reversing signals. 9–14. The 30 min result was already shown in Fig. 6. | |
train_208 | What is described in this image? | Bitumen B4 has a completely different crude source from the other three bitumen types used in this study. Indeed, the observed topography images for B4 are also rather different compared with the rest, as shown in Figure 7. In this case, the bee-shaped microstructures are smaller, but more in quantity and surrounded by... | |
train_209 | What is described in this image? | The results of kind 2) are illustrated in Fig. 5. The chosen conditions were a linear heating and cooling rate q = 1 K/min, modulated with maximum heating and cooling rates of 1.18, 4.7, and 47 K/min, but at constant frequency (p = 80 s), corresponding to be the chosen maximum amplitudes Ar = 0.25, 1.0, and 10 K, respe... | |
train_210 | What is described in this image? | The theoretical enthalpy versus T curve for an Alo78Si022 alloy calculated by the FactSage software (Figure 5) has two thermal arrests, one at 579 °C (eutectic temperature) and another at 706 °C (liquidus temperature). The DSC detects a strong signal at the eutectic temperature (solidus) (Figure 6). Above this temperat... | |
train_211 | What is described in this image? | The DSC thermogram for the samples having solids content right side of F is relatively simple. In this case the samples do not form ice during cooling, the value is a glass-rubber transition Tx. A DSC thermogram in case of food samples containing ice is shown in Fig. 2 and different changes of states are marked on the ... | |
train_212 | What is described in this image? | In most cases, the stimuli-induced luminescent switching behavior originates from changes in the molecular packing structure, such as molecular conformation and intermolecular interactions. To understand the underlying molecular-level mechanism of THF vapor- and thermal-induced phase transition from I to II, we systema... | |
train_213 | What is described in this image? | MPBPET, so with one value for the apparent activation energy for the annihilation of physical ageing on first heating of about 280 kJ mol-1, independent of heating rate (Figure 10). For reheating one straight line is obtained for HNSPE and MPBPET corresponding to an apparent activation of about 475 kJ mol-1, also indep... | |
train_214 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 5. In vitro luciferase gene transfection efficiency of polymer/DNA complexes at different weight ratios for COS-7 cells in the presence of 10% FBS. complexes prepared at weight ratios of 1:1, 4:1 and 8:1 were selected for transfection studies. All the three cationic polymers show increased transfection activities ... | |
train_215 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 9. Schematic representation of the molecular packing of the 1:1 kC12-CTAB binary complex in the crystalline state moieties. Based on these results, we suggest the possible molecular structure for the complex that is shown in Fig. 9. We could assume also the similar structures for other previously studied 1 : 1 FA-... | |
train_216 | What is described in this image? | In order to investigate the long time performance of the prepared membranes, the permeability of neat and 20%MMMs were tested for 48 h. The results in Fig. 17 show that permeation of the gases through membranes changes slightly which is probably due to error of repeatability, measurements or changing membranes. Also, c... | |
train_217 | What is described in this image? | based Levenberg-Marquardt optimization program we developed previously for electron paramagnetic resonance (7). It was found that this model fits the DSC curves exceptionally well (Fig. 2). The results of least-squares simulations of all the DSC data are plotted in Fig. 3. Two parameters of the phase transition, Tm and... | |
train_218 | What is described in this image? | The relative effectiveness of the different polymers can also be evaluated by comparing the dependence of the growth rate on the polymer concentration at a fixed temperature. Fig. 6 shows the growth rate as a function of concentration at 90 ℃ for felodipine Fig. 6 Log growth rate of felodipine as a function of polymer ... | |
train_219 | What is described in this image? | Dopants with larger ionic radius (such as Ce4+) relative to that of Zr4+ have been found to stabilize t-phase to a lower temperature [32]. The mechanism of the stabilization can be attributed to the reduction in Ms temperature for t -> m-phase [33]. The stabilization effect of CeO2 became evident by observing the DSC c... | |
train_220 | What is described in this image? | To identify the nature of the phase transition, one characteristic composition, TAGS-85, was analyzed by hot-stage XRD in the temperature range from 30°C to 300°C, as shown in Fig. 2. In this figure, the low-temperature doublets, which are characteristic Fig. 2. Hot-stage XRD of TAGS-85. | |
train_221 | What is described in this image? | Filaments suitable for 3D printing were obtained by melt extrusion with a twin-screw extruder (Haake Reomix 600/610, Rezzato BS, Italy), using the two mixtures previously prepared with the rotomolding machine and reported in Table I [Figure 2(a)]. The number of subzones in the extruder is six, and the length of each zo... | |
train_222 | What is described in this image? | Figure 8. TG and DrTG curves of PLGA 50/50 copolymers | |
train_223 | What is described in this image? | WAXS diffractograms of the samples A to D are shown in Figure 1. ## Figure 1 (A) Waxs | |
train_224 | What is described in this image? | (10-293 Pa-s), we are able to obtain the entire viscosity curve of a glass-forming liquid only by DSC.91 An example is shown in Figure 20, where the viscosity-temperature relation of a borate melt is obtained by introducing the calorimetric T, Figure 20. Logarithmic viscosity (log10 7) as a function of the T | |
train_225 | What is described in this image? | miscible polymer pair Thermal diffusion between two miscible polymers results in an interfacial phase developing. With increasing diffusion time, the thickness of the interface will increase and the concentration will change. Thermal diffusion of two miscible polymers, PnBA and PVC, has been studied by M-t.d.s.c. for t... | |
train_226 | What is described in this image? | As it is shown, all of the model predictions are within a 95 % confidence level and can be used as a tool to predict the behaviour of key physicochemical properties of the PCCs. From an applicability perspective, the models can be utilized for an effective system design. While selecting a specific composition of the PC... | |
train_227 | What is described in this image? | X-ray diffraction measurements were performed on both unmodified and chemically modified L. cylindrica nanocrystals to ascertain the integrity of nanoparticle crystallinity. The chemically modified nanocrystals display the typical XRD pattern of cellulose I as shown in Fig. 3 with main diffraction signals at 20 = 14.8,... | |
train_228 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 2 MDSC scans of total heat flow during reheating for a PLA and b PLA/5% Babassu. Aged at temperatures and times indicated Figure 2 displays MDSC scans of total heat flow acquired during the second heating for PLA and PLA/5% Babassu, these scans were collected at different temperatures and aging times as illustrate... | |
train_229 | What is described in this image? | [26] yields values of 7-13 nm for the range of silica content investigated, therefore, some overlap of the interfacial regions is inevitable. Therefore, a simple computer simulation was done: spherical particles were placed randomly in a box with periodic boundary conditions and the volume fraction of the matrix lying ... | |
train_230 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 1 - Custom-made dynamic cyclic fatigue-testing device A custom-made DCF testing device was used (Egyptian patent number 265/2021) as shown in Figure 1.18 AutoCAD software was used to design an artificial stainless canal (25/0.06) plus 0.1-mm relief circumferentially, 16 mm in length. The angle of curvature was 90°... | |
train_231 | What is described in this image? | Table 1 tabulates the glass transition temperature, melting point, melting enthalpy, HWHM and crystallinity of pure PEO, PEO-LiCF-SO3, PEO-LiCF3SO3=EC and PEO=LiCF3SO3=EC=Al2O3 complexes. The T2 and Tm values of the pure PEO are - 63.0 °C and 71.2 °C respectively. The Tg and Tm values decrease to −69.0 °C and 61.0 °C w... | |
train_232 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 6. AC, versus composition for PS/PPO blends. | |
train_233 | What is described in this image? | X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) wide and narrow scan spectra of M-0 and M-3 membrane are presented in Fig. 3. For M-0 membrane (Fig. 3a), the presence three major emission peaks at 284.98 eV, 532.08 eV, and 167.88 eV were attributed to the presence of C 1s, O 1s, and $ 2p elements. Nevertheless, after blending w... | |
train_234 | What is described in this image? | Tgp, h and n are all fitted parameters that change with the degree of annealing (see Fig. 17). im must be bear in is in is ill is illustrale in Fig. 17. Almond one in | |
train_235 | What is described in this image? | The single crystal structural phase transitions and the sequence of diffraction experiments that were carried out on a crystal of C10PbI are shown in Fig. 6 and summarized in Table 2. The start point is the structure performed at room temperature of phase II (4d), and the end point is structure 4f of phase I. The struc... | |
train_236 | What is described in this image? | Figure 8. Self-healing tests for the PCL-PTMEG networks. (A) Typical engineering stress=strain curve for PCL203-PTMEG99 networks; (B) the variation tendency of healing efficiencies against the mass fraction of the PTMEG segment. healing are summarized in Table 5, and the efficiency of selfhealing is calculated by eq 6.... | |
train_237 | What is described in this image? | XRD patterns of samples are shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 1-XRD patterns of the as-cast C043-3Ct,Fe20Ta55B265Si5 (x=0,2 and 4) alloys | |
train_238 | What is described in this image? | IPNs with the PEMA networks at a fixed crosslink level (5 mol% TEGDM) but with varying PPG1025/TMP ratios are shown in Fig. 11. The weight fraction and T. data from peak resolution are shown in Table 2. Increasing crosslink density in the PU networks results in an increase of the To of PU-rich phase (Tg4). The highest ... | |
train_239 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 1. DMA - storage modulus as function of temperature, material 1. | |
train_240 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 5. Effect of heating rates on a peak temperature measured with different pans for corn starch containing 50% water. Fig. 5 shows the effect of heating rate on a peak temperature measured with different pans for corn starch containing 50% | |
train_241 | What is described in this image? | In order to obtain more information regarding the failure in flexural tests, fractured surfaces have been examined by SEM (Fig. 10). For all the samples, fiber fracture dominates the failure mechanism combined with resin yielding at the fracture zone. This suggests that tensile stresses are the main cause for failure [... | |
train_242 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 8. TGA cures of neat PES (a) and BaTiO3–PES composites with various volume fractions: 10% (b), 30% (c) and 50% (d). The TGA cures of neat PES and BaTiO3-PES composites with different concentration of BaTiO3 are shown in Fig. 8. The temperature of 5% weight loss is 506.00 ℃, 505.81 ℃, 506.6 ℃ and 505.71 ℃, respecti... | |
train_243 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 6. Loss modulus Eº as a function of temperature, parameter frequency, at a heating rate of 2 K/min. | |
train_244 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 7 shows the Arrhenius plot containing the frequencies of the maxima of the three relaxations. Included also are data from TSDC measurements at an equivalent frequency of 1.6 mHz, corresponding to a relaxation time of 100 s [24]. The relaxation at high frequencies is in very good agreement with the quasi-bulk a rel... | |
train_245 | What is described in this image? | In order to compare the volumetric and enthalpic responses, similar cooling and heating experiments were also performed using DSC. The normalized heat capacity (CPN) versus temperature curves obtained on cooling are shown in Fig. 6. As expected, and in agreement with dilatometric results, To decreases with decreasing c... | |
train_246 | What is described in this image? | The ATR-FTIR spectra of the electrospun Zein, CA and Zein/CA blends in the range of 800-4000 cm1 are demonstrated in Figure 3. As expected, the spectrum of Zein showed the characteristic bands corresponding to amide I, II, and III at 1643 (C=O stretching), 1531 (N-H bending and C-N stretching) DSC and TGA thermograms w... | |
train_247 | What is described in this image? | Degradation processes of the macromolecular lignin structure were not only affected by storage, but also by temperature and UV/Vis irradiation. Storing lignin purification fractions for 45 days at room temperature caused structural changes that were monitored by TLC. The solvent system used for the study was 90% ethano... | |
train_248 | What is described in this image? | Even at a low temperature rate of 0.7℃ min-1, however, all the onset points of the DMA tests are still higher than the DSC result of 144℃ obtained at a heating rate of 5℃ min-1, as seen in Fig. 7. Fig. 7. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) at 5℃ min -1. | |
train_249 | What is described in this image? | (+)-camphoric acid is shown in Fig. 8. The sample was heated at a rate of 2℃/min. The first endothermic peak at 110℃ was shown to be associated with metastable eutectic melting of CAR and (+)-camphoric acid, as new typical diffraction peaks of cocrystal appeared with an exothermic peak (20=10.5°, 13.7°, 14.2°, 17.5°, 1... | |
train_250 | What is described in this image? | Figure 12. (a) Number density of free-volume holes Nn' per mass unit as a function of the NB in propylene/ a-olefin copolymers. The lines are due to weighted fits of the data to a straight line that was constrained to pass through the value of PP. (b) Same as in Figure 12(a), but as a function of the DB. Figure 12. (a)... | |
train_251 | What is described in this image? | (glutaric acid), Figs. 8 and 9 (MgCl2.6H2O), Fig. 10 (erythritol), Fig. 11 (sebacic acid), and Fig. 12 (hydroquinone). Fig. 12 shows the enthalpy curves of hydroquinone. In the case of the T-history measurement, the measured melting temperature matches the value provided by the supplier. However, the DSC Fig. 12. Enth... | |
train_252 | What is described in this image? | TGA results demonstrated a higher amount of solvent remaining in Composite-MC + DMF (0.38%) mats compared with Composite-MC (0.09%). TGA results also confirmed that the amount of ceramic added to the starting solution prior to electrospinning was approximately the same weight percentage of ceramic in the mat after elec... | |
train_253 | What is described in this image? | (Fig. 2) of this monomer shows characteristic absorption bands at 1233 cm-1 (asymmetric stretching of C-O-C), 1029 cm-1 Fig. 2 FTIR spectrum of (a) Bz-DDS, (b) Bz-SUL, (c) Bz-OXY and (d) | |
train_254 | What is described in this image? | Meanwhile, the spectrum of I as a reference shows only an intensive singlet signal at 19.97 ppm. The 1H NMR spectrum shows several sets of resonance signals, which are well-assigned to all the protons of 5 as explicated in Figure 2, where the chemical shifts at 7.4-7.0 ppm are attributed to the aromatic protons on phen... | |
train_255 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 5. Relationship between temperature and In ß for Tg, Tx1, Tx1, and Tp2. than that for the second crystallization process. 3.3. Influence of heating rate on nucleation and grain growth Fig. 5 depicts the variation of Tg, Tx1, Tp1, Tx2, and Tp2 with In B for | |
train_256 | What is described in this image? | The cocrystal was composed of a luminescent molecule, 9,10-bis((E)-2-(pyridin-4-yl)vinyl)anthracene (BP4VA, Figure 1 a) and a halogenated conformer, 1,3,5-trifluoro-2,4,6triiodobenzene (FIB). BP4VA was prepared by simple synthetic procedures (Supporting Information, Scheme S1), spectra of I and II are shown in Figure 1... | |
train_257 | What is described in this image? | 3.4.1. Circular dichroism spectroscopy Far UV-CD spectroscopy is executed to assess the changes in the secondary structures of the protein upon interaction with PR/PG. The far UV-CD spectroscopy of HEWL in the presence, as well as the absence of PR/PG is presented in Fig. 5A and B respectively. It is observed, Fig. 5. ... | |
train_258 | What is described in this image? | Figure 4. Enthalpies of crystallization (AHc), cold crystallization (AHcc), with increasing PEO composition.62–64 The crystallization enthalpies during cooling (△Hc), the cold crystallization enthalpies during heating (AHcc), and the enthalpies of the exothermic signal prior to the main melting peak (AHexo) for the PLL... | |
train_259 | What is described in this image? | Figure 4. o-Ps lifetime T3 in propylene/a-olefin copolymers as a function of the content and type of a-olefin. The local free volume v estimated from T3 is also indicated. The solid lines through the data points act as a guide for the eye. As depicted in Figure 4 the o-Ps lifetime T3 and local free volume v estimated f... | |
train_260 | What is described in this image? | The thermal stability of CBZ was investigated using TGA and the results were shown in Fig. 1. The thermogravimetric profiles showed that CBZ was stable up to 160℃. | |
train_261 | What is described in this image? | Figure 3. Temperature dependence of the physical aging rate ß plotted for 2430 ± 120 nm thick PS films (filled circles) and for 29 ± 1 nm thick PS films (open triangles). Each data point corresponds to an average of 2-6 samples measured over an aging period of 360 min evaluated using B = - 1/ho dh/d(log t). The curve t... | |
train_262 | What is described in this image? | Similar observations can be made for EN AW-2024 in W-temper. Figure 10a shows that punching the sample after SHT results in a strong influence on the DSC curves and leads to a reduction of peak G, which represents the precipitation of clusters and/or GP-zones [30]. Regarding the peak temperatures, an even greater shift... | |
train_263 | What is described in this image? | (Tg). The Tx measured in this way is sometimes referred to as "calorimetric". Due to the fact that the sample is not exposed to external deformations, it is also called "static" Tg. Figure 4 shows changes in Tx as a function of crosslink density, for the uncrosslinked reference and the series of samples cured with vari... | |
train_264 | What is described in this image? | The curves for the second heating are shown in Fig. 6. Fig. 6 Curves of the second heating of DSC analysis. a PLA- | |
train_265 | What is described in this image? | Figure 4. Glass transitions (DSC) of the pure PVA and its nanocomposites According to Wunderlich's work, 35 if the glass transition of the rigid amorphous fraction is approximately equal to the glass transition of mobile amorphous part, the DSC curve should indicate a broadening of the glass transition. Profiles in Fig... | |
train_266 | What is described in this image? | Figure 9. Optical micrographs of the PCL-PTMEG specimen: (a) before healing treatment; (b) heated to 40 °C and kept for 2 h. The self-healing effect of the PTMEG-PCL dynamic network was also recorded by an optical microscope (Figure 9). First, the sample was scraped with a fresh razor blade and a crack was observed (Fi... | |
train_267 | What is described in this image? | Qualitatively, Figures 2c and 9 are mirror-images of each other, suggesting a relationship between normalized conductivity and reduced grain size. We thus plot on versus L, of both SEO(16-16) and SEO(4.9-5.5) in Figure 10. The data for SEO(16-16) and SEO(4.9-5.5) collapse on the same trend line. The solid curve in Figu... | |
train_268 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 10. The highest and the lowest cooling curve for the locations of 1a and 5a. The curves are drawn over the CCT diagram reported previously in Ref. [12]. In this section, the validity of the FDM analysis will be verified by comparing with the experimental results. Fig. 10 shows the highest and the lowest cooling cu... | |
train_269 | What is described in this image? | PALS (especially bulk-PALS) can be thought of as a highly sensitive form of absolute polymer dilatometry; the average free volume void size is quantitatively determined, regardless of silica loading, and the expansion coefficients are 10-20 times the total volume expansion coefficient because PALS is sensitive only to ... | |
train_270 | What is described in this image? | The tensile strength (Fig. 5) and tear strength (Fig. 6) have increased with an increase in the PP mass percentage in the blends. Fig. 6 Tear strength versus the PP level; TrS = 23.933 + 1.302 PP g | |
train_271 | What is described in this image? | Figure 2. Electron density contours from the crystal structure of the high-temperature form of C10Cd (adapted from ref 25). The high-temperature form of C10Cd is shown in Figure 2. | |
train_272 | What is described in this image? | Figure 1. Stress-strain curves of the modified polyurea. | |
train_273 | What is described in this image? | Materials and sample preparation 2.1 NTO and TZTN (Fig. 1) were synthesized according to literatures15,26 and anhydrous methanol were provided by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Beijing Co., Ltd. Fig. 1 Chemical structures of NTO and TZTN. | |
train_274 | What is described in this image? | For example, Figure 7 shows the TG and DTA curves in oxygen for 1 mg of powdered CA that contains diethyl phthalate plasticizer with those for a 1 mg chunk of the same | |
train_275 | What is described in this image? | Moreover, the cell morphologies on the fiber scaffolds were distinctively different when the 1-day culture and 7-day culture images were compared (Fig. 8): on day 1, the cells had a more Fig. 8. Confocal fluorescence microscopy images of human skin fibroblasts attached to PVDF-TrFE fibers after 1 and 7 days of cell cul... | |
train_276 | What is described in this image? | Examples of such time dependent heat flow rate measurements at very different time scales are shown in Fig. 1 for a Setaram Calvet calorimeter BT 2.15 and in Fig. 2 for a Mettler Toledo Flash DSC1. After a programmed step in temperature the resulting sample temperature, (a), the corresponding heating rate and the heat ... | |
train_277 | What is described in this image? | Figure 1 shows the raw data for a MDSC response for a sample of quenched PET using an underlying heating rate of 0.5℃ s-1. The two basic measurements are the heat flow, shown in Fig. 1(a), and the phase lag, shown in Fig. 1(b). It should be noted that in the experiments presented here, the heating rate is never negativ... | |
train_278 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 6 Particle size distribution of the PCM-modified plaster mixture-distribution curve | |
train_279 | What is described in this image? | The modulated DSC regime was applied to measure the modulated heat flow in both heating and cooling schedules. Modulated DSC requires the control of three experimental parameters, viz., the underlying heating rate, oscillation amplitude, and oscillation period, in order to obtain accurate, reproducible results. The und... | |
train_280 | What is described in this image? | All amorphous samples at a heating rate of 20℃/min showed a broad endotherm for water loss in the temperature range of 40-120℃, followed by glass transition onset in the temperature range of 145-149°C (Fig. 9ii). The use of pierced pan in DSC study ensured removal of water before the onset of Tg, and hence, the glass t... | |
train_281 | What is described in this image? | Figure 3 shows the DSC curve of water in Ph-PMO at capillary condensation state. The data show an exothermic peak at 228 K, which is attributed to the freezing of water, and an endothermic peak at 223 K due to melting of ice. On the other hand, the DSC curves of water in MCM-41 C14 at capillary condensation state showe... | |
train_282 | What is described in this image? | The integrated total diffraction intensity for each pattern as a function of temperature is plotted in Fig. 9. At about 150°C at which point there is no more form I present. The trend line of the most linear part of two curves was analysed (from 169 to 174°C) and a decline in form I of -5.41°C-1 as well as an increase ... | |
train_283 | What is described in this image? | The lack of H2–H3 phase transition with decreasing Ni content indicates good reversibility of the Li[NixCo,Mn2]O2 electrode, and is indeed reflected in the stability of host structure which well matched with smaller volume variation after cycling shown in Fig. 5. O2 (x = 1/3, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, 0.8 and 0.85), the variation... | |
train_284 | What is described in this image? | curve as a result of the removal of moisture and decomposition of the major components of the biomass such as hemicelluloses, cellulose and lignin. Besides the chemical composition, thermal analysis also depends on the structure and degree of crystallinity of the natural fibres [19]. TG curve for DSF is shown in Fig. 6... | |
train_285 | What is described in this image? | The melting temperature and the latent heat obtained by DSC are shown in Figs. 14 and 15, respectively. In Fig. 14, it could be seen | |
train_286 | What is described in this image? | From the results (Fig. 6), it can be seen that vABS presents higher IS than rABS, which may be ascribed to the higher amount of butadiene (rubber) present in vABS, as observed by rheological analyzes. The vABS/rABS blends presented higher IS than vABS. This result can be attributed to the synergistic effect of the blen... | |
train_287 | What is described in this image? | As can be seen from Figure 4, the thermal degradation process of all the hybrids has one stage as the PCEP. It can be found that the T_5% and T_10% of PCEP/OVPOSS hybrids are both lower than those of PCEP. The reason is probably due to the thermal decomposition temperature of OVPOSS is as շագայն ունվանում (ունիսա մեն ա... | |
train_288 | What is described in this image? | pentylbiphenyl-4-yl)-2-phenyl-2-(4-fluorophenyl)-2H-naphtho[1,2-b] pyran-5-carboxylate (1 in Fig. 1a), although other naphthopyrans were synthesized (Supplementary Fig. 2 and Supplementary Table 1). The chemical structure and the photo-induced conformational change of molecule I from the closed form to the open form ar... | |
train_289 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 12 presents the effect of annealing time on the crosssectional structure of UHMWPE microporous membranes at 116 °C and 111 ℃. At 116 ℃, the membranes show a similar lacy structure, however, the pore sizes increase with the annealing time. At high quenching temperature, no solidification of polymer-rich phase occur... | |
train_290 | What is described in this image? | Wide-angle XRD was performed on bulk PVdF-TrFF and PVdF-TrFE-filled AAO templates of 200, 40, and 15 nm pore diameter in reflection mode (Figure 5) such that the scattering vector is perpendicular to the template surface (i.e., parallel to the pore axis). Excess polymer on top of the AAO template was removed using reac... | |
train_291 | What is described in this image? | ~ 150 to 160 ℃, which coincides with an endothermic peak in the DSC data at ~145 ℃ (Fig. 10). Mass loss from the sample also begins at ~ 145 ℃ followed by further major mass loss and gas release occurring from 170 to 180 ℃ as observed in both TGA and MS data. The major decomposition event coincides with an endothermic ... | |
train_292 | What is described in this image? | The capabilities of the TM-DSC technique are illustrated in Fig. 1, which shows how a total heat flow decomposes into the reversing and nonreversing components for the asphalt under study (see Experimental). It is clearly seen that the reversing component determines the general nature of the change in the heat flow, an... | |
train_293 | What is described in this image? | 3.5. Interaction between gallic acid and zein The ATR-FTIR spectra of gallic acid, neat zein and gallic acid loaded zein fibres are presented in Fig. 4. Zein has exhibited characteristic peaks at 3291 cm-1 (N-H stretching vibrations), 2957 cm-1, 2871 cm-1, 2927 cm-1 and 2850 cm-1 (C=H stretching vibrations of aliphatic... | |
train_294 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 3 reports the DSC thermograms of the second heating curves of PLA based materials. Crystallization of PLA on cooling is negligible, whereas it crystallizes on heating producing a crystalline phase, through a cold crystallization process, which melts with a two peak endotherm; the double melting behaviour in PLA ca... | |
train_295 | What is described in this image? | were built as well. As shown in the left optical micrograph of Fig. 5, one finds the checkerboard grain structure for linear laser paths (specimen D2) well comparable to the specimen B4 built with the same set of SLM process parameters but 7 mm in diameter. Using the same SLM process parameters but circular scanning pa... | |
train_296 | What is described in this image? | Fig. 5. FTIR spectra of y-CuI annealed at different temperatures for 0.5 h (A) as-prepared, (B) 150 ℃, (C) 300 ℃, (D) 450 ℃ and (E) 550 ℃. Prolonged heat treatment may release iodine from the sample leading to iodine non-stoichiometry. Such nonstoichiometry induced structural changes are not observed from XRD patterns ... | |
train_297 | What is described in this image? | The microstructure/grain boundary maps of 2, 3, and 4 h heat-treated samples are shown in Fig. 10a-c. The twophase structure of S-ferrite (marked with white arrows) and characteristics of martensite are observed from the crystal orientation map. The 8-ferrite phase observed in Fig. 10a appeared incoherent with the mart... | |
train_298 | What is described in this image? | diatomite shape-stabilized PCMs, differential scanning analysis is carried out. The thermal property of binary fatty acid of capriclauric acid is shown in Fig. 5. The thermal property of capriclauric acid/diatomite D shape-stabilized PCMs is shown in Fig. 6, and the absorption ratio of binary fatty acids to diatomite D... | |
train_299 | What is described in this image? | Figure 1 shows the FTIR spectra for phosphorus-containing epoxy resins (PCEP), OVPOSS, and PCEP/3 wt % OVPOSS hybrid. The structure of OVPOSS and PCEP is shown in Schemes 1 and 2, respectively. The assignment of FTIR |
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