abstract_id stringlengths 10 10 | sentences list | labels list | confs list |
|---|---|---|---|
train_0900 | [
"The Request For Proposal (RFP) process can be agile and efficient.",
"At a high level, the key to achieving this is to specify requirements just in time and containing just enough detail.",
"This paper applies the following XP practices and concepts to the RFP process: acceptance tests, business value, iterati... | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
1
] | [
1,
0.833299994468689,
0.5555999875068665,
0.6111000180244446,
0.6111000180244446
] |
train_0901 | [
"The continuous developments in information and communication technology have recently led to the appearance of distributed computing environments, which comprise several, and different sources of large volumes of data and several computing units.",
"The most prominent example of a distributed environment is the ... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
4,
4
] | [
0.5676000118255615,
0.5676000118255615,
0.5676000118255615,
0.5676000118255615,
0.4323999881744385,
0.4323999881744385
] |
train_0902 | [
"As known, adventure and experience about lesson, entertainment, and knowledge can be gained by only reading a book.",
"Even it is not directly done, you can know more about this life, about the world.",
"We offer you this proper and easy way to gain those all.",
"We offer many book collections from fictions ... | [
0,
0,
3,
3,
1
] | [
1,
1,
0.6111000180244446,
0.6111000180244446,
0.41670000553131104
] |
train_0903 | [
"This paper provides an energy-harvesting, shoe-mounted system for medical sensing using piezoelectric transducers for generating power.",
"The electronics are integrated inside a conventional consumer shoe, measuring the pressure of the wearer's foot exerted on the sole at six locations.",
"The electronics are... | [
0,
0,
0,
0
] | [
0.6215999722480774,
0.6215999722480774,
0.4323999881744385,
0.6215999722480774
] |
train_0904 | [
"Reviews and other evaluations are used by consumers to decide what goods to buy and by firms to choose whom to trade with, hire, or promote.",
"However, because potential reviewers are not compensated for submitting reviews and may have reasons to omit relevant information in their reviews, reviews may be biased... | [
0,
0,
1,
4,
4,
4,
4
] | [
0.8421000242233276,
0.7894999980926514,
0.7894999980926514,
0.26669999957084656,
0.631600022315979,
0.631600022315979,
0.8421000242233276
] |
train_0905 | [
"We propose two efficient approximations to standard convolutional neural networks: Binary-Weight-Networks and XNOR-Networks.",
"In Binary-WeightNetworks, the filters are approximated with binary values resulting in 32× memory saving.",
"In XNOR-Networks, both the filters and the input to convolutional layers a... | [
2,
0,
1,
1,
4,
1,
4,
4,
0,
1
] | [
0.5612000226974487,
0.3797000050544739,
0.6202999949455261,
0.5864999890327454,
0.5906999707221985,
0.2363000065088272,
0.8227999806404114,
0.7537999749183655,
0.4666999876499176,
0.5569999814033508
] |
train_0906 | [
"The ultimate goal of an information provider is to satisfy the user information needs.",
"That is, to provide the user with the right information, at the right time, through the right means.",
"A prerequisite for developing personalised services is to rely on user profiles representing users’ information needs... | [
2,
0,
0,
2,
4
] | [
0.4124000072479248,
0.5875999927520752,
0.7526000142097473,
0.6495000123977661,
0.49480000138282776
] |
train_0907 | [
"We believe that the field of organization theory is adrift.",
"In sailing jargon, we are “in irons”—stalled and making little headway toward understanding organizations and their place in our lives.",
"We first attempt to diagnose our maladies and then, in this light, offer three broad research questions that ... | [
0,
0,
1,
4,
4,
4
] | [
1,
1,
0.6154000163078308,
0.20509999990463257,
0.20509999990463257,
0.5896999835968018
] |
train_0908 | [
"This paper presents an effective method to simulate the ink diffusion process in real time that yields realistic visual effects.",
"Our algorithm updates the dynamic ink volume using a hybrid grid-particle method: the fluid velocity field is calculated with a low-resolution grid structure, whereas the highly det... | [
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4,
4,
4,
3
] | [
0.421099990606308,
0.8158000111579895,
0.8158000111579895,
0.421099990606308,
1,
0.6053000092506409,
0.7894999980926514,
0.6053000092506409,
0.421099990606308,
1
] |
train_0909 | [
"cleverhans is a software library that provides standardized reference implementations of adversarial example construction techniques and adversarial training.",
"The library may be used to develop more robust machine learning models and to provide standardized benchmarks of models’ performance in the adversarial... | [
0,
1,
0,
2,
1,
1,
4,
4
] | [
1,
0.5946000218391418,
0.7838000059127808,
0.40540000796318054,
0.40540000796318054,
0.3783999979496002,
0.40540000796318054,
0.40540000796318054
] |
train_0910 | [
"The field of cyber security is faced with ever-expanding amounts of data and a constant barrage of cyber attacks.",
"Within this space, we have designed BubbleNet as a cyber security dashboard to help network analysts identify and summarize patterns within the data.",
"This design study faced a range of intere... | [
0,
2,
1,
1,
4,
4
] | [
1,
0.6388999819755554,
0.583299994468689,
1,
0.7778000235557556,
0.583299994468689
] |
train_0911 | [
"This research study proposes Hybrid Encryption System using new public key algorithm and private key algorithm.",
"A hybrid cryptosystem is one which combines the convenience of a public-key cryptosystem with the efficiency of a symmetrickey cryptosystem.",
"Here, we propose a provably two way secured data enc... | [
0,
0,
2,
1,
1,
4
] | [
1,
1,
0.4000000059604645,
0.6000000238418579,
0.4571000039577484,
0.8285999894142151
] |
train_0912 | [
"Trajectory planning for serial 6 degree of freedom (DOF) machinery systems is demanding due to complex kinematic structure which affects the machinery tool fame, position, orientation and singularity.",
"These three characteristics represent the key elements for production planning and layout design of the manuf... | [
0,
0,
1,
0,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | [
0.6053000092506409,
0.6053000092506409,
0.39469999074935913,
0.6053000092506409,
0.39469999074935913,
0.5788999795913696,
0.7894999980926514,
0.6053000092506409,
0.39469999074935913,
0.39469999074935913
] |
train_0913 | [
"Missing data is a well-recognized problem impacting all domains.",
"State-of-theart framework to minimize missing data bias is multiple imputation, for which the choice of an imputation model remains nontrivial.",
"We propose a multiple imputation model based on overcomplete deep denoising autoencoders, capabl... | [
0,
0,
2,
4
] | [
1,
0.8173999786376953,
0.42170000076293945,
0.4260999858379364
] |
train_0914 | [
"In this article, we present a real-time 3D hybrid beamforming approach for 5G wireless networks.",
"One of the key concepts in 5G cellular systems is the small cell network, which settles the high mobile traffic demand and provides uniform user-experienced data rates.",
"The overall capacity of the small cell ... | [
0,
2,
2,
1,
4
] | [
0.6000000238418579,
0.4000000059604645,
0.6000000238418579,
0.800000011920929,
0.6000000238418579
] |
train_0915 | [
"Traditional methods of computer vision and machine learning cannot match human performance on tasks such as the recognition of handwritten digits or traffic signs.",
"Our biologically plausible, wide and deep artificial neural network architectures can.",
"Small (often minimal) receptive fields of convolutiona... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
4,
1,
2,
4
] | [
1,
0.6470999717712402,
0.6176000237464905,
0.6176000237464905,
1,
0.3824000060558319,
0.42309999465942383,
0.2353000044822693,
0.3824000060558319
] |
train_0916 | [
"Twitter sentiment analysis has become widely popular.",
"However, stable Twitter sentiment classification performance remains elusive due to several issues: heavy class imbalance in a multi-class problem, representational richness issues for sentiment cues, and the use of diverse colloquial linguistic patterns."... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
4,
4,
4
] | [
0.8055999875068665,
0.6111000180244446,
0.6111000180244446,
0.3889000117778778,
0.6111000180244446,
0.8055999875068665,
0.41670000553131104,
0.6111000180244446
] |
train_0917 | [
"This paper presents a survey on hate speech detection.",
"Given the steadily growing body of social media content, the amount of online hate speech is also increasing.",
"Due to the massive scale of the web, methods that automatically detect hate speech are required.",
"Our survey describes key areas that ha... | [
0,
0,
2,
1,
4
] | [
0.6053000092506409,
0.7419000267982483,
0.39469999074935913,
0.7894999980926514,
0.6053000092506409
] |
train_0918 | [
"Reearch into virtual environments on the one hand and artificial intelligence and artificial life on the other has largely been carried out by two different groups of people with different preoccupations and interests, but some convergence is now apparent between the two fields.",
"Applications in which activity... | [
0,
0,
0,
2,
4
] | [
1,
0.7838000059127808,
0.6485999822616577,
0.4323999881744385,
0.4323999881744385
] |
train_0919 | [
"In this paper, we use data augmentation to improve performance of deep neural network (DNN) embeddings for speaker recognition.",
"The DNN, which is trained to discriminate between speakers, maps variable-length utterances to fixed-dimensional embeddings that we call x-vectors.",
"Prior studies have found that... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
0,
2,
4
] | [
0.567300021648407,
0.7980999946594238,
0.7980999946594238,
0.42309999465942383,
0.40380001068115234,
0.3653999865055084,
0.42309999465942383,
0.39419999718666077,
0.7674000263214111
] |
train_0920 | [
"Backpropagation and contrastive Hebbian learning are two methods of training networks with hidden neurons.",
"Backpropagation computes an error signal for the output neurons and spreads it over the hidden neurons.",
"Contrastive Hebbian learning involves clamping the output neurons at desired values and lettin... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.771399974822998,
1,
0.8285999894142151,
0.6000000238418579,
0.628600001335144,
0.8285999894142151
] |
train_0921 | [
"We describe a parsing system based upon a language model for English that is, in turn, based upon assigning probabilities to possible parses for a sentence.",
"This model is used in a parsing system by nding the parse for the sentence with the highest probability.",
"This system outperforms previous schemes.",... | [
0,
1,
0,
4
] | [
0.40540000796318054,
0.8108000159263611,
0.40540000796318054,
1
] |
train_0922 | [
"The paper provides an overview of the development of intelligent data analysis in medicine from a machine learning perspective: a historical view, a state-of-the-art view, and a view on some future trends in this subfield of applied artificial intelligence.",
"The paper is not intended to provide a comprehensive... | [
2,
2,
2,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.583299994468689,
0.7778000235557556,
0.41670000553131104,
0.583299994468689,
0.8055999875068665,
0.41670000553131104,
0.583299994468689
] |
train_0923 | [
"With rapid progress and significant successes in a wide spectrum of applications, deep learning is being applied in many safety-critical environments.",
"However, deep neural networks (DNNs) have been recently found vulnerable to well-designed input samples called adversarial examples.",
"Adversarial perturbat... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
2,
1,
1,
1
] | [
1,
0.766700029373169,
0.6000000238418579,
0.6000000238418579,
0.6000000238418579,
0.6000000238418579,
0.6000000238418579,
0.6000000238418579,
0.3666999936103821
] |
train_0924 | [
"Spreadsheets are among the most widely used programming systems in the world.",
"Individuals and businesses use spreadsheets for a wide variety of applications, ranging from performing simple calculations to building complex financial models.",
"In this article, we first discuss how spreadsheet programs are ac... | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | [
0.8378000259399414,
0.6215999722480774,
0.6215999722480774,
0.6215999722480774,
0.40540000796318054,
0.40540000796318054
] |
train_0925 | [
"In this study, we have assessed the validity and reliability of an automated labeling system that we have developed for subdividing the human cerebral cortex on magnetic resonance images into gyral based regions of interest (ROIs).",
"Using a dataset of 40 MRI scans we manually identified 34 cortical ROIs in eac... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.8188999891281128,
0.8188999891281128,
0.3962000012397766,
0.5774000287055969,
0.5774000287055969,
0.5774000287055969,
0.42260000109672546,
0.6340000033378601
] |
train_0926 | [
"Automated classification of text into predefined categories has always been considered as a vital method to manage and process a vast amount of documents in digital forms that are widespread and continuously increasing.",
"This kind of web information, popularly known as the digital/electronic information is in ... | [
0,
0,
0,
2,
0,
2,
1,
4
] | [
0.800000011920929,
0.800000011920929,
0.6000000238418579,
0.4000000059604645,
0.6000000238418579,
0.75,
0.6000000238418579,
0.4000000059604645
] |
train_0927 | [
"Departing from the comprehensive reviews carried out in the field, we identify the key challenges that agent-based methodology faces when modeling coupled socio-ecological systems.",
"Focusing primarily on the papers presented in this thematic issue, we review progress in spatial agent-based models along the lin... | [
0,
0,
1,
3
] | [
1,
0.571399986743927,
0.6571000218391418,
0.771399974822998
] |
train_0928 | [
"Currently, Belgium is introducing an electronic version of its identity card.",
"In this article, we shortly describe the card, and give a brief introduction to its cryptographic features.",
"In particular, we focus on the Public-Key Infrastructure (PKI) associated with the card."
] | [
0,
1,
4
] | [
0.800000011920929,
0.4000000059604645,
0.20000000298023224
] |
train_0929 | [
"In this paper, we address the problems of contour detection, bottom-up grouping, object detection and semantic segmentation on RGB-D data.",
"We focus on the challenging setting of cluttered indoor scenes, and evaluate our approach on the recently introduced NYU-Depth V2 (NYUD2) dataset (Silberman et al., ECCV, ... | [
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1
] | [
0.548799991607666,
0.43689998984336853,
0.6407999992370605,
0.548799991607666,
0.8446999788284302,
0.7961000204086304,
0.6407999992370605,
0.7961000204086304,
0.8446999788284302,
0.43689998984336853
] |
train_0930 | [
"A genetic algorithm, GENEsYs, is applied to an NP-complele problem, the 0/1 multiple knapsack problem.",
"The partitioning of the search space resulting from this highly constrained problem may include substantially large infeasible regions.",
"Our implementation allows for the breeding and participation of in... | [
0,
0,
2,
2,
1,
4
] | [
0.5896999835968018,
0.5896999835968018,
0.7949000000953674,
0.41029998660087585,
1,
1
] |
train_0931 | [
"We develop a new approach that uses the ordered weighted averaging (OWA) operator in the selection of financial products.",
"In doing so, we introduce the ordered weighted averaging distance (OWAD) operator and the ordered weighted averaging adequacy coefficient (OWAAC) operator.",
"These aggregation operators... | [
2,
1,
1,
2,
4,
4,
4,
3
] | [
0.7838000059127808,
0.5676000118255615,
0.5676000118255615,
1,
0.5946000218391418,
0.5946000218391418,
1,
1
] |
train_0932 | [
"The highest accuracy object detectors to date are based on a two-stage approach popularized by R-CNN, where a classifier is applied to a sparse set of candidate object locations.",
"In contrast, one-stage detectors that are applied over a regular, dense sampling of possible object locations have the potential to... | [
0,
0,
2,
4,
2,
1,
1,
4,
3
] | [
0.628600001335144,
0.800000011920929,
0.428600013256073,
0.4000000059604645,
0.571399986743927,
0.6000000238418579,
0.428600013256073,
0.800000011920929,
0.6000000238418579
] |
train_0933 | [
"The technology acceptance model proposes that perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness predict the acceptance of information technology.",
"Since its inception, the model has been tested with various applications in tens of studies and has become a most widely applied model of user acceptance and usage.",
... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
4,
4,
3,
3
] | [
1,
1,
1,
0.5896999835968018,
0.6154000163078308,
0.7949000000953674,
0.41029998660087585,
1
] |
train_0934 | [
"We present an end-to-end system for augmented and virtual reality telepresence, called Holoportation.",
"Our system demonstrates high-quality, real-time 3D reconstructions of an entire space, including people, furniture and objects, using a set of new depth cameras.",
"These 3D models can also be transmitted i... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.800000011920929,
0.800000011920929,
0.6000000238418579,
0.6000000238418579,
0.6000000238418579,
0.6000000238418579
] |
train_0935 | [
"This paper explores a simple and efficient baseline for text classification.",
"Our experiments show that our fast text classifier fastText is often on par with deep learning classifiers in terms of accuracy, and many orders of magnitude faster for training and evaluation.",
"We can train fastText on more than... | [
0,
2,
1
] | [
0.7768999934196472,
0.3865000009536743,
0.3903999924659729
] |
train_0936 | [
"This paper presents a method for measuring the semantic similarity of texts, using corpus-based and knowledge-based measures of similarity.",
"Previous work on this problem has focused mainly on either large documents (e.g. text classification, information retrieval) or individual words (e.g. synonymy tests).",
... | [
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.6075000166893005,
0.42260000109672546,
0.5160999894142151,
0.6075000166893005
] |
train_0937 | [
"In classification, it is often difficult or expensive to obtain completely accurate and reliable labels.",
"Indeed, labels may be polluted by label noise, due to e.g. insufficient information, expert mistakes, and encoding errors.",
"The problem is that errors in training labels that are not properly handled m... | [
0,
0,
2,
1,
4
] | [
1,
1,
0.4000000059604645,
0.800000011920929,
0.6000000238418579
] |
train_0938 | [
"This study involved developing a computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) system for discriminating the grades of breast cancer tumors in ultrasound (US) images.",
"Histological tumor grades of breast cancer lesions are standard prognostic indicators.",
"Tumor grade information enables physicians to determine appropriat... | [
0,
0,
2,
0,
4,
4,
1,
2
] | [
0.7894999980926514,
0.7894999980926514,
0.421099990606308,
0.421099990606308,
0.631600022315979,
0.421099990606308,
0.5788999795913696,
0.39469999074935913
] |
train_0939 | [
"This paper describes an algorithm for Successive Approximation Register (SAR) ADCs with overlapping steps that allow comparison decision errors (due to, such as DAC incomplete settling) to be digitally corrected.",
"We generalize this non-binary search algorithm, and clarify which decision errors it can digitall... | [
0,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.8108000159263611,
0.5676000118255615,
0.8108000159263611,
0.40540000796318054
] |
train_0940 | [
"In this paper, we propose <italic>DeepCut</italic>, a method to obtain pixelwise object segmentations given an image dataset labelled weak annotations, in our case bounding boxes.",
"It extends the approach of the well-known <italic>GrabCut</italic> <xref ref-type=\"bibr\" rid=\"ref1\">[1]</xref> method to inclu... | [
0,
1,
0,
1,
4
] | [
0.4323999881744385,
0.5676000118255615,
0.4323999881744385,
0.7585999965667725,
0.5676000118255615
] |
train_0941 | [
"The enormous amount of information stored in unstructured texts cannot simply be used for further processing by computers, which typically handle text as simple sequences of character strings.",
"Therefore, specific (pre-)processing methods and algorithms are required in order to extract useful patterns.",
"Te... | [
0,
0,
0,
2,
0,
2
] | [
1,
1,
0.628600001335144,
0.428600013256073,
0.37139999866485596,
0.22859999537467957
] |
train_0942 | [
"A technique for software system behavior specification appropriate for use in designing systems with concurrency is presented.",
"The technique is based upon a generalized ability to define events, or significant occurrences in a software system, and then indicate whatever constraints the designer might wish to ... | [
0,
0,
1,
4
] | [
0.7778000235557556,
0.583299994468689,
0.41670000553131104,
0.44440001249313354
] |
train_0943 | [
"Dynamic voltage (IR) drop, unlike the static voltage drop depends on the switching activity of the design, and hence it is vector dependent.",
"In this paper we have highlighted the pitfalls in the common design closure methodology that addresses static IR drop well, but often fails to bound the impact of dynami... | [
0,
0,
2,
1,
1,
4
] | [
1,
0.5555999875068665,
0.41670000553131104,
0.6388999819755554,
0.6388999819755554,
1
] |
train_0944 | [
"This paper takes the stance that some cases of information systems development can be considered knowledge creating activities, and, in those cases, information systems development can be a legitimate research method.",
"In these cases not only is knowledge created about the development process itself but also a... | [
0,
0,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.6340000033378601,
0.6340000033378601,
0.7886999845504761,
0.5774000287055969,
0.8188999891281128
] |
train_0945 | [
"The increasing advances in hardware technology for sensor processing and mobile technology has resulted in greater access and availability of sensor data from a wide variety of applications.",
"For example, the commodity mobile devices contain a wide variety of sensors such as GPS, accelerometers, and other kind... | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
4,
1
] | [
0.7778000235557556,
0.5555999875068665,
0.666700005531311,
0.666700005531311,
0.44440001249313354,
0.44440001249313354
] |
train_0946 | [
"Objective methods for assessing perceptual image quality traditionally attempted to quantify the visibility of errors (differences) between a distorted image and a reference image using a variety of known properties of the human visual system.",
"Under the assumption that human visual perception is highly adapte... | [
2,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.40310001373291016,
0.40310001373291016,
0.7921000123023987,
0.4341000020503998
] |
train_0947 | [
"The Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) is an extremely powerful sequence model that is often difficult to train.",
"The Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is a specific RNN architecture whose design makes it much easier to train.",
"While wildly successful in practice, the LSTM’s architecture appears to be ad-hoc so it... | [
0,
0,
0,
2,
1,
4
] | [
1,
1,
0.8205000162124634,
0.41029998660087585,
0.5896999835968018,
0.5896999835968018
] |
train_0948 | [
"As the Internet becomes the critical information infrastructure for both personal and business applications, survivable routing protocols need to be designed that maintain the performance of those services in the presence of failures.",
"This paper examines the survivability of interdoamin routing protocols in t... | [
0,
0,
4
] | [
0.8485000133514404,
0.3939000070095062,
0.6061000227928162
] |
train_0949 | [
"We describe a graphical system for automatically generating multiple 2D diagrams of ligand-protein interactions from 3D coordinates.",
"The diagrams portray the hydrogen-bond interaction patterns and hydrophobic contacts between the ligand(s) and the main-chain or side-chain elements of the protein.",
"The sys... | [
0,
1,
1,
1
] | [
0.5871999859809875,
0.7797999978065491,
0.7797999978065491,
0.44040000438690186
] |
train_0950 | [
"Automated diagnosis of glaucoma disease has been studied for years.",
"A great amount of research work in this field has been focused on the analysis of retinal fundus images to localize, detect and evaluate the optic disc.",
"An open fundus image database with accurate gold standards of the optic nerve head h... | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
4
] | [
1,
1,
0.5906999707221985,
0.41350001096725464,
0.3840000033378601
] |
train_0951 | [
"This study examines the effect of five factors on the adoption of electronic commerce among small and medium enterprises in Brunei Darussalam.",
"A review of the literature shows that owner characteristics such as lack of perceived relative advantage, lack of knowledge, and perceived lack of trust are significan... | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.6215999722480774,
0.6215999722480774,
0.5676000118255615,
0.7838000059127808,
0.6215999722480774,
0.40540000796318054,
0.5946000218391418,
0.7838000059127808,
0.6215999722480774
] |
train_0952 | [
"Popcorn kernels are a natural, edible, and inexpensive material that has the potential to rapidly expand with high force upon application of heat.",
"Although this transition is irreversible, it carries potential for several robotic applications.",
"Here, we examine relevant characteristics of three types of k... | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
1,
4,
4
] | [
1,
0.8234999775886536,
0.32350000739097595,
0.5587999820709229,
0.7940999865531921,
0.5881999731063843,
0.6176000237464905
] |
train_0953 | [
"Clustering is an unsupervised technique of Data Mining.",
"It means grouping similar objects together and separating the dissimilar ones.",
"Each object in the data set is assigned a class label in the clustering process using a distance measure.",
"This paper has captured the problems that are faced in real... | [
0,
0,
0,
2,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.7949000000953674,
0.5896999835968018,
0.41029998660087585,
0.41029998660087585,
0.41029998660087585,
0.6154000163078308,
0.5896999835968018
] |
train_0954 | [
"The recent increase in reported incidents of surveillance and security breaches compromising users' privacy call into question the current model, in which third-parties collect and control massive amounts of personal data.",
"Bit coin has demonstrated in the financial space that trusted, auditable computing is p... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.8055999875068665,
0.8055999875068665,
0.41670000553131104,
0.583299994468689,
0.3889000117778778,
0.583299994468689
] |
train_0955 | [
"There has been a flowering of scholarly interest in the literature review as a research method in the information systems discipline.",
"We feel privileged to contribute to this conversation and introduce the work of the authors represented in this special issue.",
"Some of the highlights include three new met... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
4
] | [
1,
0.800000011920929,
0.6000000238418579,
1,
0.800000011920929,
0.4000000059604645
] |
train_0956 | [
"A genetic algorithm-based clustering technique, called GA-clustering, is proposed in this article.",
"The searching capability of genetic algorithms is exploited in order to search for appropriate cluster centres in the feature space such that a similarity metric of the resulting clusters is optimized.",
"The ... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.6111000180244446,
0.8055999875068665,
0.6111000180244446,
0.8055999875068665,
0.41670000553131104,
0.41670000553131104,
0.41670000553131104
] |
train_0957 | [
"This paper presents a large-scale system for the recognition and semantic disambiguation of named entities based on information extracted from a large encyclopedic collection and Web search results.",
"It describes in detail the disambiguation paradigm employed and the information extraction process from Wikiped... | [
1,
1,
1
] | [
0.4000000059604645,
0.800000011920929,
1
] |
train_0958 | [
"This paper introduces the Multi-Genre Natural Language Inference (MultiNLI) corpus, a dataset designed for use in the development and evaluation of machine learning models for sentence understanding.",
"At 433k examples, this resource is one of the largest corpora available for natural language inference (a.k.a.... | [
0,
0,
1,
4
] | [
0.40310001373291016,
0.40310001373291016,
0.5968999862670898,
1
] |
train_0959 | [
"In ATM cash replenishment banks want to use less resources (e.g., cash kept in ATMs, trucks for loading cash) for meeting fluctuated customer demands.",
"Traditionally, forecasting procedures such as exponentially weighted moving average are applied to daily cash withdraws for individual ATMs.",
"Then, the for... | [
0,
0,
0,
4,
2,
4
] | [
0.5881999731063843,
0.7646999955177307,
0.5881999731063843,
0.6765000224113464,
0.6176000237464905,
0.5881999731063843
] |
train_0960 | [
"This paper gives a basic review and a summary of recent developments for leaky-wave antennas (LWAs).",
"An LWA uses a guiding structure that supports wave propagation along the length of the structure, with the wave radiating or “leaking” continuously along the structure.",
"Such antennas may be uniform, quasi... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
1
] | [
0.5758000016212463,
0.7576000094413757,
0.7576000094413757,
0.3939000070095062,
0.5758000016212463,
0.42419999837875366
] |
train_0961 | [
"Model checking is an automatic verification technique for hardware and software systems that are finite state or have finite state abstractions.",
"It has been used successfully to verify computer hardware, and it is beginning to be used to verify computer software as well.",
"As the number of state variables ... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1
] | [
0.7949000000953674,
0.6154000163078308,
0.6154000163078308,
0.6154000163078308,
0.41029998660087585,
0.5896999835968018
] |
train_0962 | [
"In this letter, we develop a gaussian process model for clustering.",
"The variances of predictive values in gaussian processes learned from a training data are shown to comprise an estimate of the support of a probability density function.",
"The constructed variance function is then applied to construct a se... | [
0,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.6000000238418579,
0.628600001335144,
0.771399974822998,
0.771399974822998,
0.771399974822998
] |
train_0963 | [
"Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks grow rapidly and become one of the fatal threats to the Internet.",
"Automatically detecting DDoS attack packets is one of the main defense mechanisms.",
"Conventional solutions monitor network traffic and identify attack activities from legitimate network traffic b... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
2,
1,
4,
4,
4
] | [
1,
0.833299994468689,
0.44440001249313354,
0.44440001249313354,
0.5555999875068665,
0.3889000117778778,
0.3889000117778778,
0.22220000624656677,
1,
0.6111000180244446
] |
train_0964 | [
"The use of machine learning algorithms frequently involves careful tuning of learning parameters and model hyperparameters.",
"Unfortunately, this tuning is often a “black art” requiring expert experience, rules of thumb, or sometimes bruteforce search.",
"There is therefore great appeal for automatic approach... | [
0,
0,
0,
2,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.6061000227928162,
0.6061000227928162,
0.42419999837875366,
0.42419999837875366,
0.8181999921798706,
0.6061000227928162,
0.3635999858379364
] |
train_0965 | [
"In this paper, we examine and compare De Morgan-, Kleene-, and Boolean-disjunctive and conjunctive normal forms and consider their role in fuzzy settings.",
"In particular, we show that there are normal forms and truth tables for classical fuzzy propositional logic and interval-valued fuzzy propositional logic t... | [
0,
0,
2,
4,
3,
3
] | [
0.6061000227928162,
0.6061000227928162,
0.42419999837875366,
0.3939000070095062,
0.8181999921798706,
0.8181999921798706
] |
train_0966 | [
"We present a system that complements virtual reality experiences with passive props, yet still allows modifying the virtual world at runtime.",
"The main contribution of our system is that it does not require any actuators; instead, our system employs the user to reconfigure and actuate otherwise passive props."... | [
0,
0,
4,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.8108000159263611,
0.5946000218391418,
0.40540000796318054,
0.8108000159263611,
1,
0.7838000059127808
] |
train_0967 | [
"The Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm comprises a heterogenous mix of connected devices connected to the Internet.",
"This promises a a wealth of opportunity for a large collection of distributed applications and services.",
"However, the IoT introduces significant changes to the Internet model, largely in the... | [
0,
0,
0,
2,
1,
1
] | [
1,
1,
1,
0.39469999074935913,
0.6053000092506409,
0.6053000092506409
] |
train_0968 | [
"The ability to perform pixel-wise semantic segmentation in real-time is of paramount importance in mobile applications.",
"Recent deep neural networks aimed at this task have the disadvantage of requiring a large number of floating point operations and have long run-times that hinder their usability.",
"In thi... | [
0,
0,
1,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.5896999835968018,
0.5896999835968018,
0.5896999835968018,
0.7949000000953674,
0.5896999835968018,
0.5896999835968018
] |
train_0969 | [
"This paper presents the development of several models of a deep convolutional auto-encoder in the Caffe deep learning framework and their experimental evaluation on the example of MNIST dataset.",
"We have created five models of a convolutional auto-encoder which differ architecturally by the presence or absence... | [
2,
1,
1,
4,
4,
4
] | [
0.37139999866485596,
0.542900025844574,
0.6000000238418579,
1,
0.542900025844574,
1
] |
train_0970 | [
"Data embedding is used in many machine learning applications to create low-dimensional feature representations, which preserves the structure of data points in their original space.",
"In this paper, we examine the scenario of a heterogeneous network with nodes and content of various types.",
"Such networks ar... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
2,
4
] | [
1,
0.7778000235557556,
0.7778000235557556,
0.5555999875068665,
0.7778000235557556,
0.5555999875068665,
0.3889000117778778,
0.6111000180244446,
0.7778000235557556,
0.5555999875068665
] |
train_0971 | [
"In this paper, a new type of 3D bin packing problem (BPP) is proposed, in which a number of cuboidshaped items must be put into a bin one by one orthogonally.",
"The objective is to find a way to place these items that can minimize the surface area of the bin.",
"This problem is based on the fact that there is... | [
0,
2,
1,
4,
4,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.6111000180244446,
0.6111000180244446,
0.6111000180244446,
0.583299994468689,
0.3889000117778778,
0.3889000117778778,
0.6111000180244446,
1
] |
train_0972 | [
"Two important classes of information systems, Workflow Management Systems (WfMSs) and Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, have been used to support e-business process redesign, integration, and management.",
"While both technologies can help with business process automation, data transfer, and informatio... | [
1,
0,
0,
2,
2,
1,
4
] | [
0.5896999835968018,
0.7949000000953674,
0.7949000000953674,
0.6154000163078308,
0.5896999835968018,
0.5896999835968018,
0.41029998660087585
] |
train_0973 | [
"The purpose of this study was to explore the impact of Digital storytelling (DST) on the academic achievement, critical thinking, and learning motivation of senior high school students learning English as a foreign language.",
"The one-year study adopted a pretest and posttest quasi-experimental design involving... | [
0,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4,
3
] | [
0.7949000000953674,
0.41029998660087585,
0.41029998660087585,
0.6154000163078308,
0.41029998660087585,
0.41029998660087585,
1,
0.41029998660087585
] |
train_0974 | [
"This work presents the use of click graphs in improving query intent classifiers, which are critical if vertical search and general-purpose search services are to be offered in a unified user interface.",
"Previous works on query classification have primarily focused on improving feature representation of querie... | [
2,
2,
2,
1,
1,
4,
4,
4
] | [
0.39469999074935913,
0.6053000092506409,
0.421099990606308,
0.5788999795913696,
0.7894999980926514,
0.421099990606308,
0.421099990606308,
0.5788999795913696
] |
train_0975 | [
"We present a fractal technique for addressing geometric analogy problems from the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices test of general intelligence.",
"In this method, an image is represented fractally, capturing its inherent selfsimilarity.",
"We apply these fractal representations to problems from the Raven... | [
0,
0,
1,
1
] | [
0.567300021648407,
0.567300021648407,
0.6345999836921692,
0.625
] |
train_0976 | [
"A broad range of well-structured problems--embracing forms of diagnosis, catalog selection, and skeletal planning--are solved in 'expert systems\" by the methods of heuristic classification.",
"These programs have a characteristic inference structure that systematically relates data to a pre-enumerated set of so... | [
1,
0,
2,
4,
4,
4,
3
] | [
0.41670000553131104,
0.3889000117778778,
0.5555999875068665,
0.44440001249313354,
0.22220000624656677,
0.3889000117778778,
0.6388999819755554
] |
train_0977 | [
"The next generation of music recommendation systems will be increasingly intelligent and likely take into account user behavior for more personalized recommendations.",
"In this work we consider user behavior when making recommendations with features extracted from a user’s history of listening events.",
"We i... | [
0,
2,
1,
4,
1,
4
] | [
0.6000000238418579,
0.4000000059604645,
0.800000011920929,
0.800000011920929,
0.6000000238418579,
0.6000000238418579
] |
train_0978 | [
"For Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) to become more widely used in power systems and the future smart grids, ANN based algorithms must be capable of scaling up as they try to identify and control larger and larger parts of a power system.",
"This paper goes through the process of scaling up an ANN based identifi... | [
0,
2,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.8055999875068665,
0.833299994468689,
0.6111000180244446,
0.41670000553131104,
0.6388999819755554
] |
train_0979 | [
"Merchants selling products on the Web often ask their customers to review the products that they have purchased and the associated services.",
"As e-commerce is becoming more and more popular, the number of customer reviews that a product receives grows rapidly.",
"For a popular product, the number of reviews ... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
0,
2,
2,
1,
1
] | [
1,
1,
0.8108000159263611,
1,
1,
1,
0.8108000159263611,
0.40540000796318054,
0.3783999979496002,
0.8108000159263611
] |
train_0980 | [
"Hate speech in the form of racist and sexist remarks are a common occurrence on social media.",
"For that reason, many social media services address the problem of identifying hate speech, but the definition of hate speech varies markedly and is largely a manual effort (BBC, 2015; Lomas, 2015).",
"We provide a... | [
0,
2,
2,
4,
4
] | [
0.7949000000953674,
0.5896999835968018,
0.6154000163078308,
0.5896999835968018,
0.5896999835968018
] |
train_0981 | [
"This article presents results from a Delphi study on the future impact of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems on Supply Chain Management (SCM).",
"The Delphi study was conducted with 23 Dutch supply chain executives of European multinationals.",
"Findings from this exploratory study were threefold.",
... | [
0,
0,
4,
4,
4,
1,
0,
4,
0,
0
] | [
0.8108000159263611,
0.5946000218391418,
0.8108000159263611,
0.40540000796318054,
0.5946000218391418,
0.40540000796318054,
0.40540000796318054,
0.40540000796318054,
0.8108000159263611,
0.6215999722480774
] |
train_0982 | [
"Since the rst shape-from-shading (SFS) technique was developed by Horn in the early 1970s, many di erent approaches have emerged.",
"In this paper, six well-known SFS algorithms are implemented and compared.",
"The performance of the algorithms was analyzed on synthetic images using mean and standard deviation... | [
0,
2,
1,
1,
4,
4,
4
] | [
1,
0.4323999881744385,
0.5946000218391418,
0.4323999881744385,
0.7838000059127808,
1,
0.6215999722480774
] |
train_0983 | [
"0957-4174/$ see front matter 2011 Elsevier Ltd. A doi:10.1016/j.eswa.2011.09.058 ⇑ Tel.",
": +1 905 606 1175; fax: +1 905 286 4756.",
"E-mail address: leo.guelman@rbc.com Gradient Boosting (GB) is an iterative algorithm that combines simple parameterized functions with ‘‘poor’’ performance (high prediction err... | [
0,
3,
0,
0,
3,
2,
3,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.6330000162124634,
0.44040000438690186,
0.41280001401901245,
0.41280001401901245,
0.2824000120162964,
0.44040000438690186,
0.367000013589859,
0.41280001401901245,
0.41280001401901245,
0.41280001401901245
] |
train_0984 | [
"Over one billion people live in the world’s 200,000 slums and informal settlements.",
"We used data generated from mobile phones to better understand one of the largest slums, Kibera located in Nairobi, Kenya.",
"Using call logs from June 2008 June 2009 and theories from human geography, economics, sociology, ... | [
0,
4,
1,
4
] | [
0.6129000186920166,
0.3871000111103058,
0.6129000186920166,
0.6129000186920166
] |
train_0985 | [
"Graph is an important data representation which appears in a wide diversity of real-world scenarios.",
"Effective graph analytics provides users a deeper understanding of what is behind the data, and thus can benefit a lot of useful applications such as node classification, node recommendation, link prediction, ... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
4,
4,
1,
4
] | [
0.8055999875068665,
0.6111000180244446,
0.6111000180244446,
0.41670000553131104,
0.41670000553131104,
0.3889000117778778,
0.6111000180244446,
0.41670000553131104,
0.583299994468689
] |
train_0986 | [
"An Automated Teller Machine (ATM) is a safety-critical and real-time system that is highly complicated in design and implementation.",
"This paper presents the formal design, specification, and modeling of the ATM system using a denotational mathematics known as Real-Time Process Algebra (RTPA).",
"The concept... | [
0,
2,
1,
1,
1,
4,
1,
1
] | [
0.7838000059127808,
0.4323999881744385,
0.5676000118255615,
0.5946000218391418,
0.3783999979496002,
0.7838000059127808,
0.3783999979496002,
0.40540000796318054
] |
train_0987 | [
"Data warehousing systems enable enterprise managers to acquire and integrate information from heterogeneous sources and to query very large databases efficiently.",
"Building a data warehouse requires adopting design and implementation techniques completely different from those underlying information systems.",
... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.6215999722480774,
0.4323999881744385,
0.40540000796318054,
0.5946000218391418,
0.4323999881744385,
0.4323999881744385
] |
train_0988 | [
"A variety of simple graphical filters are available to camera phone users to enhance their photos on the fly; these filters often stylize, saturate or age a photo.",
"In this paper, we present a combination of large-scale data analysis and small scale in-depth interviews to understand filter-work.",
"We look a... | [
0,
0,
2,
1,
1,
1,
4,
4,
4,
4
] | [
1,
0.41029998660087585,
0.41029998660087585,
0.7949000000953674,
0.6154000163078308,
0.6154000163078308,
0.5896999835968018,
0.7949000000953674,
0.5896999835968018,
0.5896999835968018
] |
train_0989 | [
"This paper proposes a person tracking framework using a scanning low-resolution thermal infrared (IR) sensor colocated with a wide-angle RGB camera.",
"The low temporal and spatial resolution of the low-cost IR sensor make it unable to track moving people and prone to false detections of stationary people.",
"... | [
2,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.41029998660087585,
0.41029998660087585,
0.41029998660087585,
0.5896999835968018,
0.7949000000953674,
0.6154000163078308,
0.8205000162124634,
0.5896999835968018,
0.6154000163078308
] |
train_0990 | [
"The debate about online privacy gives testimony of Web users’ concerns.",
"Privacy concerns make consumers adopt data protection features, guide their appreciation for existing features, and can steer their consumption choices amongst competing businesses.",
"However, approaches to measure privacy concern are ... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
4,
4,
4
] | [
1,
0.8055999875068665,
0.41670000553131104,
0.41670000553131104,
0.6111000180244446,
0.41670000553131104,
0.6111000180244446,
0.41670000553131104,
0.3889000117778778
] |
train_0991 | [
"Most word embedding models typically represent each word using a single vector, which makes these models indiscriminative for ubiquitous homonymy and polysemy.",
"In order to enhance discriminativeness, we employ latent topic models to assign topics for each word in the text corpus, and learn topical word embedd... | [
0,
2,
1,
1,
1,
4,
4
] | [
0.800000011920929,
0.6000000238418579,
0.800000011920929,
0.6000000238418579,
0.6000000238418579,
0.800000011920929,
0.4000000059604645
] |
train_0992 | [
"The article addresses the well-known Capacitated Vehicle Routing Problem (CVRP), in the special case where the demand of a customer consists of a certain number of two-dimensional weighted items.",
"The problem calls for the minimization of the cost of transportation needed for the delivery of the goods demanded... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.5896999835968018,
0.7949000000953674,
0.41029998660087585,
0.41029998660087585,
0.8205000162124634,
0.6154000163078308
] |
train_0993 | [
"Currently there are many practical tools or theoretical methods to plan and dimension GSM or UMTS radio networks but overlooks the algorithms for core networks because of its complexity.",
"This paper introduces an algorithm for traffic and throughput dimensioning for Nb, Mc and Nc interfaces in UMTS core networ... | [
0,
2,
1,
2
] | [
0.6111000180244446,
0.6111000180244446,
0.583299994468689,
0.41670000553131104
] |
train_0994 | [
"We present a library that provides optimized implementations for deep learning primitives.",
"Deep learning workloads are computationally intensive, and optimizing the kernels of deep learning workloads is difficult and time-consuming.",
"As parallel architectures evolve, kernels must be reoptimized for new pr... | [
0,
0,
0,
0,
3,
0,
2,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.8158000111579895,
0.7894999980926514,
1,
0.6053000092506409,
0.39469999074935913,
0.421099990606308,
0.39469999074935913,
0.6053000092506409,
0.6053000092506409,
0.421099990606308
] |
train_0995 | [
"Market basket analysis (also known as association-rule mining) is a useful method of discovering customer purchasing patterns by extracting associations or co-occurrences from stores’ transactional databases.",
"Because the information obtained from the analysis can be used in forming marketing, sales, service, ... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
4,
3
] | [
1,
1,
0.3939000070095062,
0.6061000227928162,
0.6363999843597412,
0.5758000016212463
] |
train_0996 | [
"OBJECTIVES To provide an overview and tutorial of natural language processing (NLP) and modern NLP-system design.",
"TARGET AUDIENCE",
"This tutorial targets the medical informatics generalist who has limited acquaintance with the principles behind NLP and/or limited knowledge of the current state of the art."... | [
2,
2,
1,
1,
1,
4,
4
] | [
1,
0.5896999835968018,
0.41029998660087585,
0.7949000000953674,
0.3846000134944916,
0.41029998660087585,
1
] |
train_0997 | [
"Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been applied to visual tasks since the late 1980s.",
"However, despite a few scattered applications, they were dormant until the mid-2000s when developments in computing power and the advent of large amounts of labeled data, supplemented by improved algorithms, contribut... | [
0,
0,
2,
1,
1
] | [
0.7838000059127808,
0.7838000059127808,
0.4323999881744385,
0.8108000159263611,
0.5946000218391418
] |
train_0998 | [
"Deep learning has allowed a paradigm shift in pattern recognition, from using hand-crafted features together with statistical classifiers to using general-purpose learning procedures for learning data-driven representations, features, and classifiers together.",
"The application of this new paradigm has been par... | [
0,
1,
2,
1,
1,
1,
4
] | [
0.8181999921798706,
0.42419999837875366,
0.7576000094413757,
1,
1,
0.7878999710083008,
0.6061000227928162
] |
train_0999 | [
"The grocery industry evolved from mom-and-pop stores to mega-markets to online grocery buying, with many different forms along the way.",
"The global market for groceries in 2000 is over $2 trillion.",
"The online grocery segment of the market is expected to reach $34 billion by 2002, a thirty-three fold incre... | [
0,
0,
0,
1,
1,
4,
4,
4,
4,
4
] | [
0.8158000111579895,
0.6053000092506409,
0.6053000092506409,
0.39469999074935913,
0.631600022315979,
0.421099990606308,
0.39469999074935913,
0.421099990606308,
0.421099990606308,
0.421099990606308
] |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.