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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T5_%28language_model%29#16 | ersity Press. ISBN 978-1-009-38943-3.
- ^ "config.json · google-t5/t5-11b at main". huggingface.co. 2020-04-24. Retrieved 2024-09-17.
- ^ Shaw, Peter; Uszkoreit, Jakob; Vaswani, Ashish (2018-04-12), Self-Attention with Relative Position Representations, arXiv:1803.02155
- ^ a b "t5x/docs/models.md at main · google-rese... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T5_%28language_model%29#17 | onfig.json · google/t5-v1_1-xl at main". huggingface.co. 2020-11-19. Retrieved 2024-09-17.
- ^ "config.json · google/t5-v1_1-xxl at main". huggingface.co. 2020-11-19. Retrieved 2024-09-17.
- ^ Lester, Brian; Al-Rfou, Rami; Constant, Noah (2021-09-02), The Power of Scale for Parameter-Efficient Prompt Tuning, arXiv:2104... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T5_%28language_model%29#18 | h Simple and Efficient Sparsity, arXiv:2101.03961
- ^ "SwitchTransformers". huggingface.co. Retrieved 2024-08-05.
- ^ Sanh, Victor; Webson, Albert; Raffel, Colin; Bach, Stephen H.; Sutawika, Lintang; Alyafeai, Zaid; Chaffin, Antoine; Stiegler, Arnaud; Scao, Teven Le (2022-03-17), Multitask Prompted Training Enables Zer... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T5_%28language_model%29#19 | - ^ Xue, Linting; Barua, Aditya; Constant, Noah; Al-Rfou, Rami; Narang, Sharan; Kale, Mihir; Roberts, Adam; Raffel, Colin (2022-03-25). "ByT5: Towards a Token-Free Future with Pre-trained Byte-to-Byte Models". Transactions of the Association for Computational Linguistics. 10: 291–306. arXiv:2105.13626. doi:10.1162/tacl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T5_%28language_model%29#20 | g, Xuezhi; Dehghani, Mostafa; Brahma, Siddhartha; Webson, Albert; Gu, Shixiang Shane; Dai, Zhuyun; Suzgun, Mirac; Chen, Xinyun (2024). "Scaling Instruction-Finetuned Language Models". Journal of Machine Learning Research. 25 (70): 1–53. arXiv:2210.11416. ISSN 1533-7928.
- ^ Longpre, Shayne; Hou, Le; Vu, Tu; Webson, Alb... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T5_%28language_model%29#21 | on: Designing Data and Methods for Effective Instruction Tuning". Proceedings of the 40th International Conference on Machine Learning. PMLR: 22631–22648. arXiv:2301.13688.
- ^ a b google-research/FLAN, Google Research, 2024-08-03, retrieved 2024-08-05
- ^ "google/flan-t5-xl · Hugging Face". huggingface.co. 2024-01-04.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T5_%28language_model%29#22 | ng, Sharan; Lester, Brian; Gaffney, Colin; Mohiuddin, Afroz; Hawthorne, Curtis; Lewkowycz, Aitor; Salcianu, Alex; Zee, Marc van; Austin, Jacob (2023). "Scaling Up Models and Data with t5x and seqio". Journal of Machine Learning Research. 24 (377): 1–8. ISSN 1533-7928.
- ^ a b Tay, Yi; Dehghani, Mostafa; Tran, Vinh Q.; ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T5_%28language_model%29#23 | ning Paradigms, arXiv:2205.05131
- ^ "Training great LLMs entirely from ground up in the wilderness as a startup". Yi Tay. Retrieved 2024-10-18.
- ^ Sutawika, Lintang; Komatsuzaki, Aran; Raffel, Colin (2024-04-15). "Pile-T5". EleutherAI Blog. Retrieved 2024-05-05.
- ^ "Imagen: Text-to-Image Diffusion Models". imagen.re... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T5_%28language_model%29#24 | google Collection". huggingface.co. 2024-07-31. Retrieved 2024-10-16.
Notes
[edit]- ^
import torch from transformers import AutoConfig, AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM def count_parameters(model): enc = sum(p.numel() for p in model.encoder.parameters()) dec = sum(p.numel() for p in model.decoder.parameters()) total = enc + dec r... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T5_%28language_model%29#25 | fig.from_pretrained(f"google-t5/{name}") torch_dtype = torch.float16 model = AutoModelForSeq2SeqLM.from_config(config, torch_dtype=torch_dtype) total, enc, dec = count_parameters(model) print(f"Total number of parameters in {name}: {total}") print(f"Total number of parameters in encoder: {enc}") print(f"Total number of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T5_%28language_model%29#26 | rameters(model): enc = sum(p.numel() for p in model.encoder.parameters()) dec = sum(p.numel() for p in model.decoder.parameters()) total = enc + dec return total, enc, dec for name in ["small", "base", "large", "xl", "xxl"]: print(f"Model: {name}") config = AutoConfig.from_pretrained(f"google/t5-v1_1-{name}") torch_dty... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T5_%28language_model%29#27 | odel) print(f"Total number of parameters in {name}: {total}") print(f"Total number of parameters in encoder: {enc}") print(f"Total number of parameters in decoder: {dec}") del model |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_Language_Toolkit#0 | Natural Language Toolkit
The Natural Language Toolkit, or more commonly NLTK, is a suite of libraries and programs for symbolic and statistical natural language processing (NLP) for English written in the Python programming language. It supports classification, tokenization, stemming, tagging, parsing, and semantic rea... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_Language_Toolkit#1 | at the University of Pennsylvania.[5] NLTK includes graphical demonstrations and sample data. It is accompanied by a book that explains the underlying concepts behind the language processing tasks supported by the toolkit,[6] plus a cookbook.[7]
NLTK is intended to support research and teaching in NLP or closely relate... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_Language_Toolkit#2 | [8] NLTK has been used successfully as a teaching tool, as an individual study tool, and as a platform for prototyping and building research systems. There are 32 universities in the US and 25 countries using NLTK in their courses.
Library highlights
[edit]- Discourse representation[9]
- Lexical analysis: Word and text... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_Language_Toolkit#3 | n
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Project site on SourceForge". 9 July 2001.
- ^ "Release 3.9.1". 19 August 2024. Retrieved 23 August 2024.
- ^ "NLTK License". NLTK Project. Retrieved 14 February 2015.
- ^ "NLTK Courses". Google Docs. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
- ^ "Preface". www.nltk.org. Retrieved 15 June 2016.
- ^... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_Language_Toolkit#4 | 9-9.
- ^ Perkins, Jacob (2010). Python Text Processing with NLTK 2.0 Cookbook. Packt Publishing. ISBN 978-1849513609.
- ^ Bird, Steven; Klein, Ewan; Loper, Edward; Baldridge, Jason (2008). "Multidisciplinary instruction with the Natural Language Toolkit" (PDF). Proceedings of the Third Workshop on Issues in Teaching Co... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_Language_Toolkit#5 | al=
(help) - ^ "NLTK :: Sample usage for drt". www.nltk.org. Retrieved 14 July 2022. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#0 | Wiki
A wiki (/ˈwɪki/ ⓘ WICK-ee) is a form of hypertext publication on the internet which is collaboratively edited and managed by its audience directly through a web browser. A typical wiki contains multiple pages that can either be edited by the public or limited to use within an organization for maintaining its inter... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#1 | meaning "quick".[1]
Wikis are powered by wiki software, also known as wiki engines. Being a form of content management system, these differ from other web-based systems such as blog software or static site generators in that the content is created without any defined owner or leader. Wikis have little inherent structur... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#2 | ight markup language and sometimes edited with the help of a rich-text editor.[3] There are dozens of different wiki engines in use, both standalone and part of other software, such as bug tracking systems. Some wiki engines are free and open-source, whereas others are proprietary. Some permit control over different fu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#3 | s without enforcing access control. Further rules may be imposed to organize content. In addition to hosting user-authored content, wikis allow those users to interact, hold discussions, and collaborate.[4]
There are hundreds of thousands of wikis in use, both public and private, including wikis functioning as knowledg... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#4 | tware, WikiWikiWeb, originally described wiki as "the simplest online database that could possibly work".[5] "Wiki" (pronounced [wiki][note 1]) is a Hawaiian word meaning "quick".[6][7][8]
The online encyclopedia project Wikipedia is the most popular wiki-based website, as well being one of the internet's most popular ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#5 | f hundreds of wikis, with each one pertaining to a specific language, making it the largest reference work of all time.[10] The English-language Wikipedia has the largest collection of articles, standing at 6,998,163 as of May 2025.[11]
Characteristics
In their 2001 book The Wiki Way: Quick Collaboration on the Web, Cu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#6 | edit any page or to create new pages within the wiki website, using only a standard 'plain-vanilla' Web browser without any extra add-ons."
- "Wiki promotes meaningful topic associations between different pages by making page link creation intuitively easy and showing whether an intended target page exists or not."
- "... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#7 | eeks to involve the typical visitor/user in an ongoing process of creation and collaboration that constantly changes the website landscape."
Editing
Source editing
Some wikis will present users with an edit button or link directly on the page being viewed. This will open an interface for writing, formatting, and struct... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#8 | n as wikitext, wiki markup, or wikicode), or a visual editor. For example, in a source editor, starting lines of text with asterisks could create a bulleted list.
The syntax and features of wiki markup languages for denoting style and structure can vary greatly among implementations. Some allow the use of HTML and CSS ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#9 | tures in Wonderland rendered in wiki markup:
Visual editing
While wiki engines have traditionally offered source editing to users, in recent years some implementations have added a rich text editing mode. This is usually implemented, using JavaScript, as an interface which translates formatting instructions chosen from... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#10 | s from the technical detail of markup editing and making it easier for them to change the content of pages. An example of such an interface is the VisualEditor in MediaWiki, the wiki engine used by Wikipedia. WYSIWYG editors may not provide all the features available in wiki markup, and some users prefer not to use the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#11 | ade to wiki pages, and may store every version of the page permanently. This allows authors to revert a page to an older version to rectify a mistake, or counteract a malicious or inappropriate edit to its content.[15]
These stores are typically presented for each page in a list, called a "log" or "edit history", avail... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#12 | e of when it was stored, and the name of the person who created it, alongside a link to view that specific revision. A diff (short for "difference") feature may be available, which highlights the changes between any two revisions.
Edit summaries
The edit history view in many wiki implementations will include edit summa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#13 | edit summary is a short piece of text which summarizes and perhaps explains the change, for example "Corrected grammar" or "Fixed table formatting to not extend past page width". It is not inserted into the article's main text.
Navigation
Traditionally, wikis offer free navigation between their pages via hypertext link... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#14 | table of contents pages, hierarchical categorization via a taxonomy, or other forms of ad hoc content organization. Wiki implementations can provide one or more ways to categorize or tag pages to support the maintenance of such index pages, such as a backlink feature which displays all pages that link to a given page. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#15 | d amongst, and some offer full text search of all stored content.
Navigation between wikis
Some wiki communities have established navigational networks between each other using a system called WikiNodes. A WikiNode is a page on a wiki which describes and links to other, related wikis. Some wikis operate a structure of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#16 | e wiki is one which has agreed to have certain content delegated to it.[16] WikiNode networks act as webrings which may be navigated from one node to another to find a wiki which addresses a specific subject.
Linking to and naming pages
The syntax used to create internal hyperlinks varies between wiki implementations. ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#17 | zed and the spaces between them removed. In this system, the phrase "camel case" would be rendered as "CamelCase". In early wiki engines, when a page was displayed, any instance of a camel case phrase would be transformed into a link to another page named with the same phrase.
While this system made it easy to link to ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#18 | required abnormally capitalizing one of the letters (e.g. "WiKi" instead of "Wiki"). Some wiki implementations attempt to improve the display of camel case page titles and links by reinserting spaces and possibly also reverting to lower case, but this simplistic method is not able to correctly present titles of mixed c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#19 | f France".
To avoid this problem, the syntax of wiki markup gained free links, wherein a term in natural language could be wrapped in special characters to turn it into a link without modifying it. The concept was given the name in its first implementation, in UseModWiki in February 2001.[18] In that implementation, li... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#20 | f later wiki engines.
It is typically possible for users of a wiki to create links to pages that do not yet exist, as a way to invite the creation of those pages. Such links are usually differentiated visually in some fashion, such as being colored red instead of the default blue, which was the case in the original Wik... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#21 | started developing it in 1994, and installed it on the Internet domain c2.com on March 25, 1995. Cunningham gave it the name after remembering a Honolulu International Airport counter employee telling him to take the "Wiki Wiki Shuttle" bus that runs between the airport's terminals, later observing that "I chose wiki-w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#22 | nspired by his having used Apple's hypertext software HyperCard, which allowed users to create interlinked "stacks" of virtual cards.[22] HyperCard, however, was single-user, and Cunningham was inspired to build upon the ideas of Vannevar Bush, the inventor of hypertext, by allowing users to "comment on and change one ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#23 | t programming patterns, and to harness people's natural desire to talk and tell stories with a technology that would feel comfortable to those not used to "authoring".[22]
Wikipedia became the most famous wiki site[clarification needed], launched in January 2001 and entering the top ten most popular websites in 2007. I... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#24 | tion, intranets, and documentation, initially for technical users. Some companies use wikis as their collaborative software and as a replacement for static intranets, and some schools and universities use wikis to enhance group learning. On March 15, 2007, the word wiki was listed in the online Oxford English Dictionar... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#25 | and the software that powers them, and the latter definition is still occasionally in use.[2]
By 2014, Ward Cunningham's thinking on the nature of wikis had evolved, leading him to write[25] that the word "wiki" should not be used to refer to a single website, but rather to a mass of user-editable pages or sites so tha... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#26 | e hosted and edited in more than one location in a manner similar to distributed version control, the idea of a single discrete "wiki" no longer made sense.[26]
Implementations
The software which powers a wiki may be implemented as a series of scripts which operate an existing web server, a standalone application serve... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#27 | me wikis use flat file databases to store page content, while others use a relational database,[27] as indexed database access is faster on large wikis, particularly for searching.
Hosting
Wikis can also be created on wiki hosting services (also known as wiki farms), where the server-side software is implemented by the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#28 | ices offer private, password-protected wikis requiring authentication to access. Free wiki farms generally contain advertising on every page.
Trust and security
Access control
The four basic types of users who participate in wikis are readers, authors, wiki administrators and system administrators. System administrator... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#29 | in content and, through having elevated privileges, are granted additional functions (including, for example, preventing edits to pages, deleting pages, changing users' access rights, or blocking them from editing).[28]
Controlling changes
Wikis are generally designed with a soft security philosophy in which it is easy... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#30 | m to be very open while providing a means to verify the validity of recent additions to the body of pages. Most wikis offer a recent changes page which shows recent edits, or a list of edits made within a given time frame.[29] Some wikis can filter the list to remove edits flagged by users as "minor" and automated edit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#31 | nal content control, allowing remote monitoring and management of a page or set of pages to maintain quality. A person willing to maintain pages will be alerted of modifications to them, allowing them to verify the validity of new editions quickly.[31] Such a feature is often called a watchlist.
Some wikis also impleme... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#32 | stem can prevent edits from going live until they have been reviewed.[32]
Wikis may allow any person on the web to edit their content without having to register an account on the site first (anonymous editing), or require registration as a condition of participation.[33] On implementations where an administrator is abl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#33 | ing while allowing it for registered users.[34]
Trustworthiness and reliability of content
Critics of publicly editable wikis argue that they could be easily tampered with by malicious individuals, or even by well-meaning but unskilled users who introduce errors into the content. Proponents maintain that these issues w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#34 | es, in which users typically use peer-reviewed journals or university textbooks as sources, have led to the idea of expert-moderated wikis.[35] Wiki implementations retaining and allowing access to specific versions of articles has been useful to the scientific community, by allowing expert peer reviewers to provide li... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#35 | hanged to something deliberately incorrect or a hoax, offensive material or nonsense is added, or content is maliciously removed, can be a major problem. On larger wiki sites it is possible for such changes to go unnoticed for a long period.
In addition to using the approach of soft security for protecting themselves, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#36 | pedia, the bot ClueBot NG uses machine learning to identify likely harmful changes, and reverts these changes within minutes or even seconds.[37]
Disagreements between users over the content or appearance of pages may cause edit wars, where competing users repetitively change a page back to a version that they favor. S... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#37 | page would be most appropriate.[4]
Some wikis may be subject to external structures of governance which address the behavior of persons with access to the system, for example in academic contexts.[27]
Harmful external links
As most wikis allow the creation of hyperlinks to other sites and services, the addition of mali... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#38 | ut the Blaster Worm was edited to include a hyperlink to a malicious website, and users of vulnerable Microsoft Windows systems who followed the link had their systems infected with the worm.[4] Some wiki engines offer a blacklist feature which prevents users from adding hyperlinks to specific sites that have been plac... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#39 | on the World Wide Web[38] and ranks in the top 10 among all Web sites in terms of traffic.[39] Other large wikis include the WikiWikiWeb, Memory Alpha, Wikivoyage, and previously Susning.nu, a Swedish-language knowledge base. Medical and health-related wiki examples include Ganfyd, an online collaborative medical refer... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#40 | within enterprises. They are often used as internal documentation for in-house systems and applications. Some companies use wikis to allow customers to help produce software documentation.[41] A study of corporate wiki users found that they could be divided into "synthesizers" and "adders" of content. Synthesizers' fre... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#41 | re by being able to accomplish their immediate work.[42] From a study of thousands of wiki deployments, Jonathan Grudin concluded careful stakeholder analysis and education are crucial to successful wiki deployment.[43]
In 2005, the Gartner Group, noting the increasing popularity of wikis, estimated that they would bec... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#42 | t.[45][46][unreliable source] Wikis have also been used in the academic community for sharing and dissemination of information across institutional and international boundaries.[47] In those settings, they have been found useful for collaboration on grant writing, strategic planning, departmental documentation, and com... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#43 | ors to make students proficient in collaborative work, inspiring even greater interest in wikis being used in the classroom.[4]
Wikis have found some use within the legal profession and within the government. Examples include the Central Intelligence Agency's Intellipedia, designed to share and collect intelligence ass... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#44 | of detainees in Guantánamo Bay;[49] and the wiki of the United States Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit, used to post court rules and allow practitioners to comment and ask questions. The United States Patent and Trademark Office operates Peer-to-Patent, a wiki to allow the public to collaborate on finding prior... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#45 | e on the design and planning of a local park. Cornell Law School founded a wiki-based legal dictionary called Wex, whose growth has been hampered by restrictions on who can edit.[34]
In academic contexts, wikis have also been used as project collaboration and research support systems.[50][51]
City wikis
A city wiki or ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#46 | i is sometimes also used for wikis that cover not just a city, but a small town or an entire region. Such a wiki contains information about specific instances of things, ideas, people and places. Such highly localized information might be appropriate for a wiki targeted at local viewers, and could include:
- Details of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#47 | a specific shop
- Statistical information about a specific road in a city
- Flavors of ice cream served at a local ice cream parlor
- A biography of a local mayor and other persons
Growth factors
A study of several hundred wikis in 2008 showed that a relatively high number of administrators for a given content size is ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#48 | s controls tends to fuel new user registration; and that a higher ratio of administrators to regular users has no significant effect on content or population growth.[56]
Legal environment
Joint authorship of articles, in which different users participate in correcting, editing, and compiling the finished product, can a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#49 | ers, some of whose identities may be unknown due to pseudonymous or anonymous editing.[4] Some copyright issues can be alleviated through the use of an open content license. Version 2 of the GNU Free Documentation License includes a specific provision for wiki relicensing, and Creative Commons licenses are also popular... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#50 | ness necessity and the inherent nature of a wiki.
Wikis and their users can be held liable for certain activities that occur on the wiki. If a wiki owner displays indifference and forgoes controls (such as banning copyright infringers) that they could have exercised to stop copyright infringement, they may be deemed to... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#51 | it, such as advertising revenue, from infringing activities.[4] In the United States, wikis may benefit from Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act, which protects sites that engage in "Good Samaritan" policing of harmful material, with no requirement on the quality or quantity of such self-policing.[57] It has ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#52 | research policies, could pose legal risks.[58] When defamation occurs on a wiki, theoretically, all users of the wiki can be held liable, because any of them had the ability to remove or amend the defamatory material from the "publication". It remains to be seen whether wikis will be regarded as more akin to an interne... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#53 | ] It has been recommended that trademark owners monitor what information is presented about their trademarks on wikis, since courts may use such content as evidence pertaining to public perceptions, and they can edit entries to rectify misinformation.[59]
Conferences
Active conferences and meetings about wiki-related t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#54 | ed WikiSym until 2014), an academic conference dedicated to research about wikis and open collaboration.
- SMWCon, a bi-annual conference for users and developers of Semantic MediaWiki.[61]
- TikiFest, a frequently held meeting for users and developers of Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware.[62]
- Wikimania, an annual conference d... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#55 | tChangesCamp (2006–2012), an unconference on wiki-related topics.
- RegioWikiCamp (2009–2013), a semi-annual unconference on "regiowikis", or wikis on cities and other geographic areas.[63]
See also
Notes
- ^ The realization of the Hawaiian /w/ phoneme varies between [w] and [v], and the realization of the /k/ phoneme ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#56 | witi], ['viki], and ['viti]. See Hawaiian phonology for more details.
References
- ^ "Wiki | Definition & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com. Retrieved May 19, 2025.
- ^ a b Mitchell, Scott (July 2008), Easy Wiki Hosting, Scott Hanselman's blog, and Snagging Screens, MSDN Magazine, archived from the original on Ma... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#57 | 07, archived from the original on April 24, 2008, retrieved April 10, 2008
- ^ a b c d e f g Black, Peter; Delaney, Hayden; Fitzgerald, Brian (2007), Legal Issues for Wikis: The Challenge of User-generated and Peer-produced Knowledge, Content and Culture (PDF), vol. 14, eLaw J., archived from the original (PDF) on Dece... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#58 | etrieved April 10, 2008.
- ^ "Hawaiian Words; Hawaiian to English". mauimapp.com. Archived from the original on September 14, 2008. Retrieved September 19, 2008.
- ^ Hasan, Heather (2012), Wikipedia, 3.5 million articles and counting, New York : Rosen Central, p. 11, ISBN 9781448855575, archived from the original on Oc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#59 | ary of the Hawaiian language to which is appended an English-Hawaiian vocabulary and a chronological table of remarkable events, Henry M. Whitney, p. 514, archived from the original on August 15, 2014, retrieved June 1, 2014
- ^ "Alexa Top Sites". Archived from the original on March 2, 2015. Retrieved December 1, 2016.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#60 | Ward (2001). The Wiki Way: Quick Collaboration on the Web. Addison-Wesley. p. 16. ISBN 978-0-201-71499-9.
- ^ "Wiki Design Principles". Archived from the original on April 30, 2002. Retrieved April 30, 2002.
- ^ Dohrn, Hannes; Riehle, Dirk (2011). "Design and implementation of the Sweble Wikitext parser: Unlocking the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#61 | i:10.1145/2038558.2038571. ISBN 978-1-4503-0909-7.
- ^ a b Ebersbach 2008, p. 178
- ^ "Frequently Asked Questions". WikiNodes. Archived from the original on August 10, 2007.
- ^ Bäckström, A., & Wändin, L. (2005). Spatial Hypertext Editing Tools for Wiki Web Systems.
- ^ Adams, Clifford (April 26, 2001). "UseModWiki/Ol... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#62 | Etymology of Wiki". WikiWikiWeb. Archived from the original on March 17, 2007. Retrieved March 9, 2007.
- ^ Cunningham, Ward (February 25, 2008). "Wiki History". WikiWikiWeb. Archived from the original on June 21, 2002. Retrieved March 9, 2007.
- ^ a b Bill Venners (October 20, 2003). "Exploring with Wiki: A Conversati... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#63 | - ^ Cunningham, Ward (July 26, 2007). "Wiki Wiki Hyper Card". WikiWikiWeb. Archived from the original on April 6, 2007. Retrieved March 9, 2007.
- ^ Diamond, Graeme (March 1, 2007). "March 2007 update". Oxford English Dictionary. Archived from the original on January 7, 2011. Retrieved March 16, 2007.
- ^ Ward Cunningh... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#64 | " (Tweet). Retrieved March 18, 2019 – via Twitter.
- ^ "Smallest Federated Wiki". wiki.org. Archived from the original on September 28, 2015. Retrieved September 28, 2015.
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Sources
- Ebersbach, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#79 | 07), Wikipatterns, John Wiley & Sons, ISBN 978-0-470-22362-8
- Tapscott, Don (2008), Wikinomics: How Mass Collaboration Changes Everything, Portfolio Hardcover, ISBN 978-1-59184-193-7
External links
- Exploring with Wiki, an interview with Ward Cunningham
- Murphy, Paula (April 2006). Topsy-turvy World of Wiki. Univers... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiki#80 | rix, a website for comparing wiki software and hosts
- wikiteam on GitHub |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#0 | Baidu Baike
Baidu Baike (/ˈbaɪduː ˈbaɪkə/; Chinese: 百度百科; pinyin: Bǎidù Bǎikē; lit. 'Baidu Encyclopedia', also known as Baidu Wiki[1]) is a semi-regulated Chinese-language collaborative online encyclopedia owned by the Chinese technology company Baidu.[2] Modelled after Wikipedia, the beta version was launched on 20 Ap... |
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