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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#1 | .7 million editors.[3] It has the largest number of entries in the world of any Chinese-language online encyclopedia.[4]
Baidu officially stated that the Baidu Encyclopedia also serves as the information storage space provided by Baidu for netizens. Baidu Baike advocates "equality, collaboration, sharing, and freedom" ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#2 | cluded the entry corresponding to the search term, its link will usually be ranked at the top of the search page.[6]
Baidu Baike has been criticised for its censorship, copyright violations, commercialist practices and unsourced or inaccurate information.[7][8][9][10][11] Only registered users can edit the articles. In... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#3 | y
[edit]Baidu Baike was founded by Robin Li in April 2006, following the Chinese government's decision to censor Wikipedia in 2005.[2][12] The beta version of Baidu Baike was launched on 20 April 2006.[2] 5 to 20 April was used for a period of internal testing. According to the serial number in the entry address bar, t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#4 | buns), orchid cultivation (deleted due to typos), Yandang Mountain, Lingfeng, Dalongqiu, Wudafusong and Red Food. After 20 days, it had more than 300,000 registered users and more than 100,000 articles, surpassing the number in Chinese Wikipedia.[13]
During the conference WWW2008 of the World Wide Web Consortium, Baidu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#5 | oducts."[14] When searching with the search engine Baidu, the link to the corresponding entry in Baidu Baike, if it exists, will be put as the first result or one of the first results.[15] The Chinese government has cut off access to the Chinese Wikipedia for residents of mainland China since 2019.[16][17]
In 2015, the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#6 | their biographies and provide personally verified information.[18]
In March 2021, Chinese netizens claimed that South Korean netizens changed their entries related to Chinese history on a large scale through the historical version comparison function of Baidu Baike. Baidu Baike stipulates that the historical version fu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#7 | ional users with a level 6 encyclopedia and a pass rate of over 85%. Open, ordinary users no longer have the right to view historical versions of entries and use the historical version comparison function. Baidu Encyclopedia officially claims that this is to "ensure that the majority of netizens obtain the accuracy of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#8 | sted an announcement on Baidu Baike that it would end support for the dedicated Baidu Baike application on 30 June to focus on "better user experiences".[3] Also in 2024, it was announced that AI features would be integrated into the platform.[20]
As of 2024, Baidu Baike had over 27 million articles, with its homepage ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#9 | ts are at least nominally reviewed prior to publication.[10] A 2016 article in Securities Times suggested that the review process is for the most part machine automated.[21]
In Baidu Baike's articles, headings, bolding text styles and hyperlinks are supported. Each heading can be listened to (播报; lit. 'broadcast') sepa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#10 | es and viewing an article's history. Users can access multiple editing functions, including:
- an image upload system where files weighing less than 2 MB can be added to encyclopedia articles;
- a categorization system called "open category", where an article can be categorized into up to 5 categories; and
- a separate... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#11 | with other names being redirected to the article.[22] Words or phrases with multiple meanings often have only a single article which covers all of the topics.[23] Many (but not all) articles have infoboxes containing important information, similar to Wikipedia.[24]
Baidu Baike has a system of ranking articles as "high ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#12 | bly for the health of the encyclopedia's volunteers, but this may actually be to ease management of the auditing process for edits.[10]
Prior to 2018 Baidu Baike lacked an equivalent of Wikipedia talk pages for individual articles.[26] Discussion pages for individual Baidu Baike articles was later implemented in Novemb... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#13 | ce.[27]
By 2014, Baidu Baike was assigning QR codes to individual articles, allowing Baidu Baike articles to be linked from physical locations.[28] By 2016, nearly 100,000 physical Baidu Baike QR codes had been placed in over 200 locations across China.[29]
Around 2016 Baidu Baike allowed users to send virtual "flowers... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#14 | 6 Baidu Baike also implemented a feature allowing users to create short videos for articles to summarise their contents.[30] In 2024, an AI chatbot was added allowing users to have simulated conversations with historical figures.[31]
Copyright
[edit]The copyright policy is outlined on the Help page in the terms of use ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#15 | u. It also states that the content must not violate intellectual property law and that content using the Creative Commons and/or GNU Free Documentation License (GFDL) must respect the limitations of such licenses.[32][irrelevant citation] Despite this, Baidu has received criticism for violating the GFDL license when us... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#16 | ]Like other online encyclopedias, a relatively small proportion of the users contribute the majority of the content.[33] According to a survey published in 2011, the majority of responding editors (72.2%) were male, and 66.7% of the contributors were between the ages of 18 and 35, with only 4.8% over the age of 45.[25]... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#17 | east a bachelor's degree.[34] There are a few organized groups within the Baidu Baike community. The Baike Elite Team consists of about 340 core contributors that are directed by Baidu and serve as community liaisons. There is also a group of campus ambassadors made of students and an expert team with over 2,500 member... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#18 | ng and creating articles, reaching a higher rank at certain experience point levels, with 15 ranks total as of 2014. Alongside experience points, users also accumulate "gift points" for the same actions, which allow users to acquire physical goods (ranging from cheap items like snacks and stationery, all the way up to ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#19 | ed 2,500 experience points and have the vast majority (>85%) of their edits approved by Baidu can be manually elevated by Baidu employees to the rank of "core" user, giving them special privileges (such as having a logo on their ID marking them as a core user), with groups of "core users", forming "tadpole teams". Memb... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#20 | ts of Baidu Baike become embroiled in edit wars due to conflicts over article content.[27][11]
Baidu Baike allows expert editors such as academics to verify their real identity.[35]
As of 2024, it has around 7.7 million registered users.[3]
Influence and partnerships
[edit]Baidu Baike ranks highly in the search results... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#21 | [36] Baidu Baike is widely used within China,[33] often where people go first to look up information.[11] It has been cited in thousands of academic papers, though considerably less so than Wikipedia or the Encyclopædia Britannica.[37] Baidu Baike engages in partnerships with cultural institutions in China and abroad t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#22 | t three years.[38] In early 2018, partnerships were expanded to cover 1,000 Spanish cities and tourist sites, including the Camino de Santiago, the Sagrada Família and the Prado Museum.[39][40] In 2022, it collaborated with the Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology and Chinese Academy of Sciences t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#23 | ntity of information it contains,[42] but it has been criticised for being censored (which is mandated by the Chinese government),[43] copyright violations [43][44] as well as a lack of accuracy and commercialisation.[11]
Censorship
[edit]Critics of the encyclopedia note that it censors its content in accordance with t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#24 | ensor content on their encyclopedia in accordance to relevant laws and regulations such as the Cybersecurity Law of the People's Republic of China and the National Intelligence Law.[47][48][49] All editors must register accounts using their real names before editing, and administrators review all edits before they beco... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#25 | s CEO Li Yanhong (as well as some businesses affiliated with Baidu), are entirely locked and not allowed to be edited by ordinary volunteers. In 2013, articles about politically sensitive events, such as the Cultural Revolution or the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, were entirely absent. Articles that contain certai... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#26 | 2013, Citizen Lab released a report saying that censorship is known to take place on Baidu Baike but "identifying outright instances or patterns in censorship can be difficult due to the (mostly) user-generated nature and oversight of the content."[45]
More broadly, the review process has been criticised as opaque and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#27 | [edit]Baidu Baike users have copied significant numbers of articles from Wikipedia into Baidu Baike without properly attributing it to its original source, violating the terms of Wikipedia's license.[10] In 2007, Florence Devouard, then chair of the Board of Trustees of the Wikimedia Foundation, said that "They [Baidu ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#28 | ers of the Chinese Wikipedia created a list of entries allegedly infringing Wikipedia's copyright.[2] The Wikimedia Foundation decided not to pursue any legal action.[44] In response to criticism, Baidu stressed that Baike is a platform for user-generated content.[43] In addition to copying Wikipedia, some Baidu Baike ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#29 | on
[edit]In addition to copyright concerns, criticism of Baidu Baike mainly focuses on its academic merits and lack of neutrality. The former is manifested in the lack of detailed and clear source references for the entries it contains, leading to the accuracy of its content being questioned.[8][33][50] The quality of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#30 | nsidered notable by Wikipedia standards,[7] with an article in the People's Daily (the official newspaper of the Chinese Communist Party) from 2016 stating that the website had many "junk" entires.[11] According to Zhang (2014), the fact that contributors receive monetarily valuable rewards merely for the act of editin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#31 | in The Point, Chenxin Jiang unfavourably compared Baidu Baike's reliability to Wikipedia, stating that the website was a "virtual quagmire of arbitrary opinions and what one might call fake facts." and that "much of [Baidu Baike's content] is bizarre or just plain wrong", noting several instances of clear errors or dub... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#32 | "), some of which were widely copied by other Chinese websites.[9] As of 2013, the average article has been edited around 3.5 times.[51] Like other online wiki-like encyclopedias, the contributors to Baidu Baike vary in their knowledge and the quality of their contributions.[33] Students often treat the information con... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#33 | any members of the general public.[11] Over time, Baidu Baike has attempted to improve the standards of encyclopedia entries.[52]
Analyses of its coverage of history,[26] as well as medical information,[53][54][55] have considered its coverage generally inferior to that of the English Wikipedia. In a 2018 journal artic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#34 | part, but noted that it displayed an overt nationalistic bias, and (in contrast to the Chinese Wikipedia entry) largely omitted the academic controversy over the number of casualties, supporting the higher casualty numbers preferred by the PRC government.[56]
In 2012, a Chinese gynaecologist attempted to correct inform... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#35 | After a media outcry. Baidu implemented a system allowing only licensed medical professionals to edit articles about medical topics.[10][11]
Around 2012, a list was created for "10 prestigious schools in China", which became the subject of controversy and edit warring, with universities being added or removed by indivi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#36 | citing no clear criteria exist for the listing.[57][11]
In 2014, there was edit warring over the entry regarding Paraxylene following an industrial accident involving the chemical, with users repeatedly changing the entry to inaccurately say the substance was "highly toxic" when it was only mildly toxic, with students ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#37 | icised after it erroneously described the substance as having "anti-cancer" properties when it was actually carcinogenic (cancer-causing).[59]
A 2016 article in the People's Daily criticised Baidu Baike for having articles that promoted pseudoscientific concepts, such as human levitation,[11] with a 2017 Science and Te... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#38 | as pseudoscience.[60] In 2017, Baidu Baike was criticised for having a long entry dedicated to the concept of "earthquake clouds" (a type of cloud that purportedly appears before earthquakes) treating the existence of these clouds as factual, which was only cited to a single fake reference, when the concept is widely r... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#39 | ke clouds", bringing the concept to wider attention. Following pressure from the Chinese Academy of Sciences and China Association for Science and Technology, the entry was corrected by experts.[61][62]
Also in 2017, Baidu Baike was criticised for erroneously putting an image of fraudster Wu Ying illustrating the artic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#40 | inating from Baidu Baike in 2009, where users created articles about fictional creatures that were homonyms of Chinese profanities (Grass Mud Horse for example being a homophone for "fuck your mother").[64] According to Zhang (2014), Baidu Baike suffers from having a large number of hoax articles, which are often disgu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#41 | ail" hoax from 2010, in which a fictitious Chinese professor was claimed to oppose China's high-speed-rail using the same speech style as a prominent real opponent of the Three Gorges Dam project, claiming that a ficitious "Xiaerxiefu force" and "Steven King effect" made high-speed rail extremely dangerous. After the h... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#42 | e being debunked at the time (with the author admitting to the hoax), the hoax remained in Baidu Baike until July 2011, when it was quoted by a newspaper, following which the entry was deleted. In 2013, China Central Television erroneously claimed in a documentary that the Soviet campaign during the Prague Spring was c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#43 | . According to Zhang, outside of political topics, the auditing for content is lax, meaning that non-explicitly political hoaxes often go undetected.[10]
In 2015, Southern Metropolis Daily reported that a security guard had pretended to be the bodyguard portrayed by Jet Li in the 1994 film The Bodyguard from Beijing, c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#44 | edly defraud people. He later claimed that he merely used the name of the bodyguard in the film as a stage name.[65] In 2021, The Paper reported that a scammer had a Baidu Baike entry that falsely described him as "head of the Office of the Leading Group for the Development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#45 | elopment and Reform Commission" subsequently put out a warning that the information was fake and that the individual did not hold the positions claimed.[66] In 2022, a hoax article about a fictitious entertainer "Wang Junyi" was deleted from Baidu Baike. The hoax had been circulating on the Chinese internet since 2016,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#46 | Baidu Baike suffers from problems with promotional editing, with overt promotional and advertisting material regularly inserted into articles despite pre-publication auditing. Zhang recounted that in the entries regarding cervical ectropion, lupus erythematosus and genital warts, editors affiliated with hospitals regul... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#47 | tion of only allowing medical professionals to edit medicine-related articles, Baidu's partners inserted their own promotional content into relevant articles.[10] Black market paid editing companies exist to add promotional content to Baidu Baike on behalf of clients, including editing existing articles as well as crea... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#48 | ed crackdowns on paid editing, removing articles and getting Taobao to remove listings on its website offering paid editing services.[69] In 2016, in response to complaints that SEO and third-party vendors were soliciting payments to fix errors on Baidu Baike or promote certain rankings, Baidu Baike clarified that it i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#49 | ally was revealed to be a Ponzi scheme, was repeatedly edited to remove negative information, presenting the company as a low-risk investment.[11]
Litigation
[edit]Baidu Baike has been the subject of a number of legal cases. In 2010, the head of rival wiki-like encyclopedia Baike.com Pan Haidong made a post to Weibo en... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#50 | ina) gave to its own services, including Baidu Baike over those of rival companies. Baidu sued Pan in response, with Baidu eventually winning the resulting court case, with the court ordering Pan to pay 120,000 yuan to Baidu.[70] In 2011, Baidu was sued by writer Zhang Yiyi for his Baidu Baike entry containing what he ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#51 | akes things out of nothing and attracts disdain, in order to achieve the purpose of attracting people's attention".[71] In 2015 Baidu was sued after a Chinese woman lost nearly 500,000 yuan to a scammer after calling a fake customer support number listed on Baidu Baike.[72] Prior to 2015, it had been successfully sued ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#52 | m college and did not write his own material" being repeatedly inserted into his biography. He demanded that Baidu Baike remove the biography and disallow one from being created again.[73] In 2017, writer Zhang Yiyi again sued Baidu over the lack of the inclusion of his novels in his encyclopedia entry.[74][52] In 2019... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#53 | of late "playwright, screenwriter, and composer" Zhao Zhong in 2013 which was left unaltered on the page for five years.[75]
See also
[edit]- Chinese encyclopedias
- List of online encyclopedias
- Ruwiki (Wikipedia fork), a fork of the Russian Wikipedia
- Chinese Wikipedia
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- ^ Dorfman, Zach (23 December 2020). "Tech Giants... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#75 | "比百度百科靠谱的维基百科_手机网易网" [Wikipedia is more reliable than Baidu Encyclopedia]. NetEase. Retrieved 4 February 2025.
- ^ Yang, Zhuyuan (2024), "Production Methods and Labor Relations in Network User Labor", The Prospect of Labor in Cyberspace, Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, pp. 157–206, doi:10.1007/978-981-97-8756-2_5... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#76 | online "encyclopedia" also requires historical heights]. Science and Technology Daily. Retrieved 8 February 2025.
- ^ Sun, Fei; Yang, Fuchun; Zheng, Shusen (18 January 2021). "Evaluation of the Liver Disease Information in Baidu Encyclopedia and Wikipedia: Longitudinal Study". Journal of Medical Internet Research. 23 (... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#77 | Xi; Wang, Chunhui; Li, Zhipeng; Zhang, Hu (24 May 2024). "Assessment of medical information on irritable bowel syndrome information in Wikipedia and Baidu Encyclopedia: comparative study". PeerJ. 12: e17264. doi:10.7717/peerj.17264. ISSN 2167-8359. PMC 11129691. PMID 38803580.
- ^ Ma, Ming; Yin, Saifu; Zhu, Mengli; Fan... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#78 | lopedia and Wikipedia: Comparative Study". Journal of Medical Internet Research. 24 (8): e37339. doi:10.2196/37339. ISSN 1438-8871. PMC 9399830. PMID 35943768.
- ^ Schneider, Florian (May 2018). "Mediated Massacre: Digital Nationalism and History Discourse on China's Web". The Journal of Asian Studies. 77 (2): 429–452.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#79 | Universities" created by netizens was modified more than 30 times]. Yangtze River Daily (长江日报). 2 February 2015. Retrieved 1 February 2025 – via Xinhua News Agency.
- ^ "保卫PX词条清华学生：望公众更理性—新闻—科学网" [Tsinghua students defend Paraxylene article: Hope the public will be more rational]. news.sciencenet.cn. 14 April 2014. Ret... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#80 | , it has never been solved]. China News Service. 26 October 2017. Retrieved 3 February 2025.
- ^ Yuanyuan, Liu (16 August 2017). "生物共振检测：国外被爆伪科学 国内却成香饽饽-中国科技网" [Bioresonance testing: It was exposed as pseudoscience abroad, but it has become popular in China]. Science and Technology Daily. Retrieved 8 February 2025.
- ^... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#81 | rieved 4 February 2025.
- ^ "中科院等勘误 百度百科将"地震云"修改为"误传"-中国科技网" [The Chinese Academy of Sciences and others corrected Baidu Encyclopedia and changed "earthquake cloud" to "misinformation"]. Beijing Evening News. 14 August 2017. Retrieved 8 February 2025 – via Science and Technology Daily.
- ^ "百度疑认错人：集资诈骗5亿女案犯配图变成他人" [Bai... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#82 | s.sina.cn. 13 January 2017. Retrieved 1 February 2025.
- ^ "Hoax dictionary entries about legendary obscene beasts". 11 February 2009. Archived from the original on 12 February 2009. Retrieved 2 October 2015.
- ^ "保安假冒"中南海保镖"行骗 自称只是艺名" [Security guard pretends to be "Zhongnanhai bodyguard" and claims it's just a stage ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#83 | " [This scammer who caused the National Development and Reform Commission to issue a warning statement has his own encyclopedia entry + standard photo]. The Paper. 22 May 2021. Retrieved 1 February 2025 – via news.sina.cn.
- ^ "多个平台被忽悠！太能编了，一个杜撰出来的明星，"混迹演艺圈"多年都没被发" [Multiple platforms were fooled! Too good at making up... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#84 | uly 2022. Archived from the original on 14 June 2023. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
- ^ "网络百科要权威，人人参与还不够-新华网" [For online encyclopedias to be authoritative, it is not enough for everyone to participate]. Xinhua News Agency. 7 May 2019. Archived from the original on 31 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2021.
- ^ "百度百科协调淘宝... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#85 | ducts]. China News Service. 27 July 2017. Retrieved 3 February 2025.
- ^ "卖给头条的互动百科也曾是百度的死对头 | 界面 · 财经号" [Hudong Baike, which was sold to Toutiao, was once Baidu's arch-enemy]. Jiemian News. 16 September 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2025.
- ^ "百度再陷侵权官司 作家状告百度百科索赔2100万 - Baidu 百度" [Baidu is involved in copyright infringem... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#86 | February 2025.
- ^ sina_mobile (27 August 2015). "市民告"百度"索赔50万" [Citizens sued Baidu for 500,000 yuan]. Yangcheng Evening News. Retrieved 1 February 2025 – via news.sina.cn.
- ^ Huang, Shaojie; Mozur, Paul (2 September 2015). "Chinese Comedian Suing Baidu Over Biographical Entry". The New York Times. Retrieved 30 Janua... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baidu_Baike#87 | du Encyclopedia to court]. China News Service. 28 December 2017. Retrieved 3 February 2025.
- ^ Cui, Fandi (22 August 2019). "'China's Wikipedia' Sued Over Playwright's Distorted Entry". #SixthTone. Retrieved 30 January 2025.
External links
[edit]- Media related to Baidu Baike at Wikimedia Commons
- Official website (i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wikis#0 | History of wikis
The history of wikis began in 1994, when Ward Cunningham gave the name "WikiWikiWeb" to the knowledge base, which ran on his company's website at c2.com, and the wiki software that powered it. The wiki went public in March 1995, the date used in anniversary celebrations of the wiki's origins.[1] c2.com... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wikis#1 | history for each page. He chose "WikiWikiWeb" as the name based on his memories of the "Wiki Wiki Shuttle" at Honolulu International Airport, and because "wiki" is the Hawaiian word for "quick".[2]
Wiki software has some conceptual origins in the version control and hypertext systems used for documentation and software... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wikis#2 | roposed "memex" system in 1945, the collaborative hypertext database ZOG in 1972, the NoteCards system from Xerox, the Apple hypertext system HyperCard. As was typical of these earlier systems, Cunningham's motive was technical: to facilitate communication between software developers.
Many alternative wiki applications... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wikis#3 | re added to the software and as the growing body of users developed a unique "wiki culture". By 2000, WardsWiki had developed a great deal of content outside its original stated purpose, which led to the spinoff of content into sister sites, most notably MeatballWiki.[3]
The website Wikipedia, a free content encycloped... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wikis#4 | y (it was in the top ten most popular sites in 2007[5]) played a large part in introducing wikis to the general public.[4] There now exist at least hundreds of thousands of wiki websites, and they have become increasingly prevalent in corporations and other organizations.[4]
Hypertext editing: pre-1994
[edit]A distant ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wikis#5 | ween documents. In a 1945 essay in Atlantic Monthly titled "As We May Think", Bush described an imaginary future user interface: "Before him are the two items to be joined, projected onto adjacent viewing positions… The user taps a single key, and the items are permanently joined… Thereafter, at any time, when one of t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wikis#6 | , when numerous items have been thus joined together to form a trail, they can be reviewed in turn…"[6] This vision, though it has been described as predicting the World Wide Web, resembles wikis more than the web in one important way: the system being described is self-contained, not a loose network.
In 1972 Kristo Iv... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wikis#7 | wiki-idea, in terms of systemic social interaction. Information turns into knowledge as a net of contributions and negotiations converge about a core concept, or entity. The emphasis is on a dynamically documented "agreement in the context of maximum possible disagreement," akin to the discussions in talk pages and the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wikis#8 | he ZOG multi-user database system, developed in 1972 by researchers at Carnegie-Mellon University. The ZOG interface consisted of text-only frames, each containing a title, a description, a line with standard ZOG commands, and a set of selections (hypertext links) leading to other frames.
Two members of the ZOG team, D... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wikis#9 | anagement System (KMS). KMS was a collaborative tool based on direct manipulation, permitting users to modify the contents of frames, freely intermixing text, graphics and images, any of which could be linked to other frames. Because the database was distributed and accessible from any workstation on a network, changes... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wikis#10 | Three notable hypertext-based systems emerged in the 1980s, that may have been inspired by ZOG, KMS and/or one another: the NoteCards system, developed in 1984 and released by Xerox in 1985; Janet Walker's Symbolics Document Examiner, created in 1985 for the operation manuals of Symbolics computers; and Bill Atkinson's... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wikis#11 | , that the wiki idea was influenced by his experience using HyperCard: he was shown the software by fellow programmer Kent Beck, before its official release (it was still called "WildCard" at the time), and, in his words, was "blown away" by it.[9][1]
Cunningham used HyperCard to make a stack holding three kinds of inf... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_wikis#12 | Patterns, People and Projects listed on the front page of his original wiki, the WikiWikiWeb.) Cunningham made a single card that would serve for all uses. It had three fields: Name, Description and Links. Cunningham configured the system so that links could be created to cards that did not exist yet; creating such a l... |
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