id int64 39 11.1M | section stringlengths 3 4.51M | length int64 2 49.9k | title stringlengths 1 182 | chunk_id int64 0 68 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
26,479 | # Richie Benaud
## Peak years and captaincy {#peak_years_and_captaincy}
After a break in the international calendar of a year, the 1957--58 tour to South Africa heralded the start of a phase of three international seasons when Benaud was at his peak. The tour saw his bowling talents come to the fore when he took 106 ... | 749 | Richie Benaud | 3 |
26,479 | # Richie Benaud
## Later career {#later_career}
Benaud took over when Australian cricket was in a low phase with a young team. His instinctive, aggressive captaincy and daring approach to cricket -- and his charismatic nature and public relations ability -- revitalised cricket interest in Australia. This was exhibite... | 1,350 | Richie Benaud | 4 |
26,479 | # Richie Benaud
## Later career {#later_career}
Upon his return, Benaud advised the Australian Cricket Board that it would be in the better interests of the team if Simpson continued as captain for the remainder of the season. Benaud took 3/116 to complement scores of 43 and 90 on his return in the Third Test in Sydn... | 481 | Richie Benaud | 5 |
26,479 | # Richie Benaud
## Cricket career highlights {#cricket_career_highlights}
- Early in his career, he hit 100 runs against the West Indies in 78 minutes, the third fastest Test century of all time (in terms of minutes at the crease, not balls faced) and the second fastest by an Australian. \*Benaud was in charge for ... | 1,284 | Richie Benaud | 6 |
26,479 | # Richie Benaud
## Death
In November 2014, at age 84, Benaud announced that he had been diagnosed with skin cancer. He died in his sleep on 10 April 2015.
Prime Minister Tony Abbott offered his family a state funeral; his widow, Daphne, declined, respecting his wishes for a private funeral.
Benaud was buried on 15 ... | 277 | Richie Benaud | 7 |
26,480 | # Radio Research Project
The **Radio Research Project** was a social research project funded by the Rockefeller Foundation to look into the effects of mass media on society.
In 1937, the Rockefeller Foundation started funding research to find the effects of new forms of mass media on society, especially radio. Severa... | 512 | Radio Research Project | 0 |
26,514 | # Roald Hoffmann
**Roald Hoffmann** (born **Roald Safran**; July 18, 1937) is a Polish-American theoretical chemist who won the 1981 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He has also published plays and poetry. He is the Frank H. T. Rhodes Professor of Humane Letters Emeritus at Cornell University.
## Early life {#early_life}
#... | 442 | Roald Hoffmann | 0 |
26,514 | # Roald Hoffmann
## Personal life {#personal_life}
### Education and academic credentials {#education_and_academic_credentials}
Hoffmann graduated in 1955 from New York City\'s Stuyvesant High School, where he won a Westinghouse science scholarship. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree at Columbia University (Colu... | 363 | Roald Hoffmann | 1 |
26,514 | # Roald Hoffmann
## Artistic interests {#artistic_interests}
### *The World Of Chemistry* with Roald Hoffmann {#the_world_of_chemistry_with_roald_hoffmann}
In 1988 Hoffmann became the series host in a 26-program PBS education series by Annenberg/CPB, *The World of Chemistry*, opposite with series demonstrator Don Sh... | 676 | Roald Hoffmann | 2 |
26,515 | # Rhotic consonant
In phonetics, **rhotic consonants**, or \"R-like\" sounds, are liquid consonants that are traditionally represented orthographically by symbols derived from the Greek letter rho (Ρ and ρ), including `{{angle bracket|R}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{angle bracket|r}}`{=mediawiki} in the Latin script and `{{angle... | 264 | Rhotic consonant | 0 |
26,515 | # Rhotic consonant
## Types
The most typical rhotic sounds found in the world\'s languages are the following:
- **Trill** (popularly known as **rolled r**): The airstream is interrupted several times as one of the organs of speech (usually the tip of the tongue or the uvula) vibrates, closing and opening the air p... | 1,069 | Rhotic consonant | 1 |
26,515 | # Rhotic consonant
## Rhotics and rhoticity in the world\'s languages {#rhotics_and_rhoticity_in_the_worlds_languages}
### English
English has rhotic and non-rhotic accents. Rhotic speakers pronounce a historical `{{IPA|/r/}}`{=mediawiki} in all instances, while non-rhotic speakers only pronounce `{{IPA|/r/}}`{=medi... | 862 | Rhotic consonant | 2 |
26,515 | # Rhotic consonant
## Rhotics and rhoticity in the world\'s languages {#rhotics_and_rhoticity_in_the_worlds_languages}
### French
Final ⟨r⟩ is generally not pronounced in words ending in ⟨-er⟩. The R in *parce que* (\"because\") is not pronounced in informal speech.
### Malay (including Indonesian) {#malay_including... | 828 | Rhotic consonant | 3 |
26,515 | # Rhotic consonant
## Rhotics and rhoticity in the world\'s languages {#rhotics_and_rhoticity_in_the_worlds_languages}
### Berber languages {#berber_languages}
Syllable-final `{{IPA|/r/}}`{=mediawiki} is lost in many varieties of Rif Berber and is lengthened before `{{IPA|/a/}}`{=mediawiki} to `{{IPA|[aː]}}`{=mediawi... | 60 | Rhotic consonant | 4 |
26,520 | # Rob Roy (cocktail)
The **Rob Roy** is a cocktail consisting primarily of whisky and vermouth, created in 1894 by a bartender at the Waldorf Astoria in Manhattan, New York City. The drink was named in honor of the premiere of *Rob Roy*, an operetta by composer Reginald De Koven and lyricist Harry B. Smith loosely bas... | 240 | Rob Roy (cocktail) | 0 |
26,526 | # Referential transparency
In analytic philosophy and computer science, **referential transparency** and **referential opacity** are properties of linguistic constructions, and by extension of languages. A linguistic construction is called *referentially transparent* when for any expression built from it, replacing a ... | 273 | Referential transparency | 0 |
26,526 | # Referential transparency
## History
The concept originated in Alfred North Whitehead and Bertrand Russell\'s *Principia Mathematica* (1910--1913):
> A proposition as the vehicle of truth or falsehood is a particular occurrence, while a proposition considered factually is a class of similar occurrences. It is the p... | 464 | Referential transparency | 1 |
26,526 | # Referential transparency
## Formal definitions {#formal_definitions}
There are three fundamental properties concerning substitutivity in formal languages: referential transparency, definiteness, and unfoldability.
Let's denote syntactic equivalence with ≡ and semantic equivalence with =.
### Referential transpare... | 613 | Referential transparency | 2 |
26,531 | # Roland Corporation
is a Japanese multinational manufacturer of electronic musical instruments, electronic equipment, and software. It was founded by Ikutaro Kakehashi in Osaka on 18 April 1972. In 2005, its headquarters relocated to Hamamatsu in Shizuoka Prefecture. It has factories in Malaysia, Taiwan, Japan, and t... | 804 | Roland Corporation | 0 |
26,531 | # Roland Corporation
## History
### 2010s {#s_4}
In 2018, Roland launched a subscription service called Roland Cloud. Users of the service can download and emulate a number of Roland synthesizers (modelled through a proprietary paradigm called *ACB*) and drum machines in audio plugin formats. This collection also inc... | 145 | Roland Corporation | 1 |
26,531 | # Roland Corporation
## Brands
Roland markets products under a number of brand names, each of which is used on products geared toward a different niche.
- The **Roland** brand is used on a wide range of products including synthesizers, digital pianos, electronically enhanced accordions, electronic drum systems, da... | 447 | Roland Corporation | 2 |
26,537 | # Rose
A **rose** is either a woody perennial flowering plant of the genus ***Rosa*** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|oʊ|z|ə}}`{=mediawiki}), in the family Rosaceae (`{{IPAc-en|r|oʊ|ˈ|z|eɪ|s|iː|ˌ|iː}}`{=mediawiki}), or the flower it bears. There are over three hundred species and tens of thousands of cultivars. They form a group of p... | 804 | Rose | 0 |
26,537 | # Rose
## Botany
### Species
The genus *Rosa* is composed of 140--180 species and divided into four subgenera:
- *Hulthemia* (formerly *Simplicifoliae*, meaning \"with single leaves\") containing two species from Southwest Asia, *Rosa persica* and *Rosa berberifolia*, which are the only roses without compound leav... | 330 | Rose | 1 |
26,537 | # Rose
## Uses
Roses are best known as ornamental plants grown for their flowers in the garden and sometimes indoors. They have also been used for commercial perfumery and commercial cut flower crops. Some are used as landscape plants, for hedging and for other utilitarian purposes such as game cover and slope stabil... | 575 | Rose | 2 |
26,537 | # Rose
## Uses
### Food and drink {#food_and_drink}
Rose hips, usually from *R. canina*, are high in vitamin C, and are edible raw after the removal of the irritant hairs. Hips can be made into jam, jelly, marmalade, and soup, or brewed for tea. They are also pressed and filtered to make rose hip syrup. Rose hips are... | 358 | Rose | 3 |
26,537 | # Rose
## Uses
### Art and symbolism {#art_and_symbolism}
The long cultural history of the rose has led to it being used often as a symbol. In ancient Greece, the rose was closely associated with the goddess Aphrodite. In the *Iliad*, Aphrodite protects the body of Hector using the \"immortal oil of the rose\" and th... | 655 | Rose | 4 |
26,540 | # Romano Mussolini
**Romano Bruno Mussolini** (26 September 1927 -- 3 February 2006) was an Italian jazz pianist, painter, and film producer. He was the fourth child and youngest son of Benito Mussolini.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Romano Mussolini grew up in Villa Carpena, his family\'s ... | 291 | Romano Mussolini | 0 |
26,543 | # Rosmalen
**Rosmalen** (`{{IPA|nl|ˈrɔsmaːlə(n)}}`{=mediawiki}) is a town in the province of North Brabant, in the south of the Netherlands. The town is located 6 kilometers east of the city of \'s-Hertogenbosch (Den Bosch) and has been part of that municipality since 1996. Its population is around 37,240 on 1 January... | 203 | Rosmalen | 0 |
26,546 | # Ruslan Khasbulatov
**Ruslan Imranovich Khasbulatov** (*Русла́н Имранович Хасбула́тов*, *translit=Xasbolati Imrani khant Ruslan*; 22 November 1942 -- 3 January 2023) was a Russian economist and politician and the former chairman of Parliament of Russia of Chechen descent who played a central role in the events leadin... | 399 | Ruslan Khasbulatov | 0 |
26,546 | # Ruslan Khasbulatov
## Political career {#political_career}
### \"Professor Khasbulatov\'s peacekeeping mission\" {#professor_khasbulatovs_peacekeeping_mission}
In 1994, he organized the so-called \"Peacekeeping Mission of Professor Khasbulatov\". He traveled to Chechnya, trying to organize negotiations between the ... | 526 | Ruslan Khasbulatov | 1 |
26,559 | # Rise of the Triad
Rott}} `{{about|the 1995 video game|the 2013 video game|Rise of the Triad (2013 video game){{!}}`{=mediawiki}*Rise of the Triad* (2013 video game)}} `{{more citations needed|date=August 2013}}`{=mediawiki}
***Rise of the Triad: Dark War**\'\' is a first-person shooter video game, developed and pub... | 963 | Rise of the Triad | 0 |
26,559 | # Rise of the Triad
## Development history {#development_history}
### Original concept {#original_concept}
*Rise of the Triad* began its life as a follow-up to *Wolfenstein 3D* (though it reportedly shares some similarities with director Tom Hall\'s \"Doom Bible\", which laid out Hall\'s conception of the video game... | 684 | Rise of the Triad | 1 |
26,559 | # Rise of the Triad
## Release
### Game releases {#game_releases}
As with most Apogee games, the game was distributed as shareware, with the first episode released for free. The shareware episode, which contains ten original levels, is titled *Rise of the Triad: The HUNT Begins*. This version has some limitations, i... | 861 | Rise of the Triad | 2 |
26,559 | # Rise of the Triad
## Reception
Scott Miller estimates that the game eventually sold around 110,000 copies.
A reviewer for *Next Generation* assessed that *Rise of the Triad* is an entertaining but ultimately undistinguished *Doom* replica which fails to rank with the best of the genre. Remarking that the game \"ha... | 147 | Rise of the Triad | 3 |
26,560 | # Rurik
Russian ship *Rurik*\|the dynasty\|Rurik dynasty\|other people with the given name Rurik or Ryurik\|Rurik (given name)}} `{{protection padlock|small=yes}}`{=mediawiki}
**Rurik** (also spelled **Rorik**, **Riurik** or **Ryurik**; *Rjurikŭ*; *\[\[Hrøríkʀ\]\]*; died 879) was a Varangian chieftain of the Rus\' wh... | 917 | Rurik | 0 |
26,560 | # Rurik
## Gallery
<File:Calling> of varangians 01.jpg\|Calling of the Varangians miniature in the *Radziwiłł Chronicle* (15th century) <File:Rurik> titularnik.jpg\|Image of Rurik in the *Tsarsky titulyarnik* (1672) <File:Prizvanievaryagov.jpg>\|`{{center|Rurik and his brothers [[Sineus and Truvor]] arrive at Ladoga.... | 78 | Rurik | 1 |
26,563 | # Marine archaeology in the Gulf of Khambhat
thumb\|upright=1.25\|Global sea levels during the Last Ice Age (South Asia) **Marine Archeology in the Gulf of Khambhat** - earlier known as Gulf of Cambay - centers around controversial findings made in December 2000 by the National Institute of Ocean Technology (NIOT) und... | 415 | Marine archaeology in the Gulf of Khambhat | 0 |
26,563 | # Marine archaeology in the Gulf of Khambhat
## Follow-up excavations {#follow_up_excavations}
A follow-up investigation was conducted by NIOT in November 2001, which included dredging to recover artifacts and sonar scans to detect structures. Among the artifacts recovered were a piece of wood, pottery shards, weathe... | 764 | Marine archaeology in the Gulf of Khambhat | 1 |
26,565 | # Robert Siodmak
**Robert Siodmak** (`{{IPAc-en|s|i|ˈ|ɒ|d|.|m|æ|k}}`{=mediawiki}; 8 August 1900 -- 10 March 1973) was a German Jewish film director. His career spanned some 40 years, working extensively in the United States and France, as well as in his native country. Though he worked in many genres, he was best know... | 468 | Robert Siodmak | 0 |
26,565 | # Robert Siodmak
## Hollywood career {#hollywood_career}
Beginning in 1941, he first turned out several B-films and programmers for various studios before he gained a seven-year contract with Universal Studios in 1943. The best of those early films are the thriller *Fly by Night* in 1942, with Richard Carlson and Nan... | 880 | Robert Siodmak | 1 |
26,565 | # Robert Siodmak
## Return to Europe {#return_to_europe}
Before leaving for Europe in 1952, following the problematic production *The Crimson Pirate* for Norma Productions (distributed through Warner Bros.) and producer Harold Hecht, his third and last film with Burt Lancaster (Siodmak dubbed the chaotic experience \... | 746 | Robert Siodmak | 2 |
26,565 | # Robert Siodmak
## Later career {#later_career}
Siodmak\'s return to Hollywood filmmaking in 1967 with the wide-screen western *Custer of the West* was another disappointment, receiving mostly negative reviews from critics and failing to generate box-office appeal. Siodmak ended his career with a six-hour, two-part ... | 432 | Robert Siodmak | 3 |
26,570 | # Red Faction (video game)
***Red Faction*** is a first-person shooter video game developed by Volition and published by THQ for PlayStation 2 and Microsoft Windows in 2001, and Macintosh platforms in 2001 and 2002. A version for the N-Gage was developed by Monkeystone Games, and the mobile version was developed by Bl... | 386 | Red Faction (video game) | 0 |
26,570 | # Red Faction (video game)
## Plot
*Red Faction* takes place on Mars around the year 2075. Earth\'s minerals are being depleted and humans need more of them to survive. The vast Ultor Corporation runs the mining operation on Mars. The living conditions are deplorable, human rights for the miners are few, and a diseas... | 737 | Red Faction (video game) | 1 |
26,570 | # Red Faction (video game)
## Reception
\| EPD_PC = 7/10 \| EPD_PS2 = 8.5/10 \| EuroG_N-G = 5/10 \| EuroG_PC = 7/10 \| EuroG_PS2 = 9/10 \| GI_N-G = 5.75/10 \| GI_PC = 8.75/10 \| GI_PS2 = 9/10 \| GameRev_PC = B \| GameRev_PS2 = B \| GSpot_N-G = 3.4/10 \| GSpot_PC = 7.9/10 \| GSpot_PS2 = 8.8/10 \| GSpy_N-G = `{{Rating|... | 1,087 | Red Faction (video game) | 2 |
26,572 | # Rennet
**Rennet** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|ɛ|n|ᵻ|t}}`{=mediawiki}) is a complex set of enzymes produced in the stomachs of ruminant mammals. Chymosin, its key component, is a protease enzyme that curdles the casein in milk. In addition to chymosin, rennet contains other enzymes, such as pepsin and a lipase.
Rennet has tradi... | 263 | Rennet | 0 |
26,572 | # Rennet
## Extraction of calf rennet {#extraction_of_calf_rennet}
Calf rennet is extracted from the inner mucosa of the fourth stomach chamber (the abomasum) of young, nursing calves as part of livestock butchering. These stomachs are a byproduct of veal production. Rennet extracted from older calves (grass-fed or g... | 423 | Rennet | 1 |
26,587 | # Rhythm guitar
In music performances, **rhythm guitar** is a guitar technique and role that performs a combination of two functions: to provide all or part of the rhythmic pulse in conjunction with other instruments from the rhythm section (e.g., drum kit, bass guitar); and to provide all or part of the harmony, i.e.... | 325 | Rhythm guitar | 0 |
26,587 | # Rhythm guitar
## Rock and pop {#rock_and_pop}
### Rock and pop rhythms {#rock_and_pop_rhythms}
Most rhythms in rock and blues are based on 4/4 time with a backbeat; however, many variations are possible. A backbeat is a syncopated accentuation on the \"off\" beat. In a simple 4/4 rhythm these are beats 2 and 4. Em... | 812 | Rhythm guitar | 1 |
26,587 | # Rhythm guitar
## Rock and pop {#rock_and_pop}
### Equipment
A rhythm guitarist usually aims to generate a strong rhythmic and chordal sound, in contrast to the lead guitarist\'s goal of producing sustained, often higher-pitched melody lines, that listeners can distinguish above the other instruments. As a result, r... | 248 | Rhythm guitar | 2 |
26,587 | # Rhythm guitar
## Jazz
Rhythm guitar has been especially important in the development of jazz. The guitar took over the role previously occupied by the banjo to provide rhythmic chordal accompaniment.
Early jazz guitarists like Freddie Green tended to emphasize the percussive quality of the instrument. The ability ... | 815 | Rhythm guitar | 3 |
26,587 | # Rhythm guitar
## Funk
Funk utilized the same extended chords found in bebop jazz, such as minor chords with added sevenths and elevenths, or dominant seventh chords with altered ninths. However, unlike bebop jazz, with its complex, rapid-fire chord changes, funk virtually abandoned chord changes, creating static si... | 483 | Rhythm guitar | 4 |
26,703 | # Statistic
A **statistic** (singular) or **sample statistic** is any quantity computed from values in a sample which is considered for a statistical purpose. Statistical purposes include estimating a population parameter, describing a sample, or evaluating a hypothesis. The average (or mean) of sample values is a sta... | 697 | Statistic | 0 |
26,737 | # Substitution splice
thumbtime=1\|thumb\|The earliest known use of the effect, in the 1895 film *The Execution of Mary Queen of Scots* thumb\|thumbtime=16\|alt=Complete 30 second Mutoscope reel of Sherlock Holmes Baffled. Sherlock Holmes enters a parlour to find it being burgled. When confronted, the villain disappea... | 642 | Substitution splice | 0 |
26,753 | # Signature
A **signature** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|s|ɪ|ɡ|n|ɪ|tʃ|əɹ|,_|ˈ|s|ɪ|ɡ|n|ə|tʃ|əɹ}}`{=mediawiki}; from *signare*, \"to sign\") is a depiction of someone\'s name, nickname, or even a simple \"X\" or other mark that a person writes on documents as a proof of identity and intent. Signatures are often, but not always, handwr... | 694 | Signature | 0 |
26,753 | # Signature
## Function and types {#function_and_types}
### Detection of forged signatures {#detection_of_forged_signatures}
Handwriting experts say \"it is extremely difficult for anyone to be able to figure out if a signature or other very limited writing sample has been forged.\" High volume review of signatures, ... | 806 | Signature | 1 |
26,753 | # Signature
## Copyright
Under British law, the appearance of signatures (not the names themselves) may be protected under copyright law.
Under United States copyright law, \"titles, names \[I c\...\]; mere variations of typographic ornamentation, lettering, or coloring\" are not eligible for copyright; however, the... | 148 | Signature | 2 |
26,764 | # International System of Units
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 301, column 2):
unexpected ' '
| colspan="5" | '''Notes'''
^
`` | 23 | International System of Units | 0 |
26,788 | # Spirotrich
The **spirotrichs** are a large and diverse group of ciliate protozoa. They typically have prominent oral cilia in the form of a series of polykinetids, called the adoral zone of membranelles, beginning anterior to the oral cavity and running down to the left side of the mouth. There may also be one or tw... | 355 | Spirotrich | 0 |
26,792 | # Samuel Butler (poet)
Samuel Butler}} `{{About|the 17th-century poet, author of ''Hudibras''|the 19th-century novelist, author of ''Erewhon''|Samuel Butler (novelist)}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2019}}`{=mediawiki} `{{more citations needed|date=March 2011}}`{=mediawiki} `{{infobox person
|name = Samuel... | 886 | Samuel Butler (poet) | 0 |
26,792 | # Samuel Butler (poet)
## *Hudibras*
*Hudibras* is directed against religious sectarianism. The poem was very popular in its time, and several of its phrases have passed into the dictionary. It was sufficiently popular to spawn imitators. *Hudibras* takes some of its characterization from *Don Quixote* but, unlike th... | 290 | Samuel Butler (poet) | 1 |
26,794 | # List of science fiction and fantasy artists
This is a **list of science fiction and fantasy artists**, notable and well-known 20th- and 21st-century artists who have created book covers or interior illustrations for books, or who have had their own books or comic books of fantastic art with science fiction or fantas... | 668 | List of science fiction and fantasy artists | 0 |
26,794 | # List of science fiction and fantasy artists
## H
- Michael Hague (born 1948)
- Frank Hampson (1918--1985)
- Joan Hanke-Woods (1945--2013) (Hugo)
- David A. Hardy (born 1936)
- John Harris (born 1948)
- Teddy Harvia (Hugo)
- Stephen Hickman (1949--2021)
- Mike Hinge (1931-2003)
- Hidetaka Tenjin (b... | 600 | List of science fiction and fantasy artists | 1 |
26,794 | # List of science fiction and fantasy artists
## V
- Boris Vallejo (born 1941)
- Ed Valigursky (1926-2009)
- Jason Van Hollander (born 1949) (World Fantasy)
- Charles Vess (born 1951) (World Fantasy)
- H. R. Van Dongen (born 1920)
## W
- Ron Walotsky (1943--2002)
- James Warhola (born 1955)
- Kevin ... | 109 | List of science fiction and fantasy artists | 2 |
26,798 | # Saxhorn
The **saxhorn** is a family of valved brass instruments that have conical bores and deep cup-shaped mouthpieces. The saxhorn family was developed by Adolphe Sax, who is also known for creating the saxophone family. The sound of the saxhorn has a characteristic mellow tone quality and blends well with other b... | 369 | Saxhorn | 0 |
26,798 | # Saxhorn
## The saxhorn family {#the_saxhorn_family}
### Ranges of individual members {#ranges_of_individual_members}
The saxhorn is based on the same three-valve system as most other valved brass instruments. Each member of the family is named after the root note produced by the second partial with no valves actuat... | 447 | Saxhorn | 1 |
26,800 | # Sonic Team
, doing business as `{{Nihongo foot|'''Sonic Team'''|ソニックチーム|Sonikku chīmu|lead=yes|group=lower-alpha}}`{=mediawiki}, is a Japanese video game developer owned by Sega. Sonic Team is best known for its *Sonic the Hedgehog* series and games such as *Nights into Dreams* and *Phantasy Star Online*.
The initi... | 334 | Sonic Team | 0 |
26,800 | # Sonic Team
## History
### 1990: Formation and *Sonic the Hedgehog* {#formation_and_sonic_the_hedgehog}
In 1984, programmer Yuji Naka was hired into Sega\'s Consumer Development division. His first project was *Girl\'s Garden*, which he and Hiroshi Kawaguchi created as part of their training process. For his next g... | 395 | Sonic Team | 1 |
26,800 | # Sonic Team
## History
### 1994--1998: Re-establishment and new intellectual properties {#re_establishment_and_new_intellectual_properties}
Shortly after the release of *Sonic the Hedgehog*, Naka, Yasuhara, and a number of other Japanese developers relocated to California to join Sega Technical Institute (STI), a de... | 471 | Sonic Team | 2 |
26,800 | # Sonic Team
## History
### 1999--2003: Dreamcast, Sonic Team USA and formation into an actual company {#dreamcast_sonic_team_usa_and_formation_into_an_actual_company}
In 1999, shortly after the release of *Sonic Adventure*, twelve Sonic Team members relocated to San Francisco to establish Sonic Team USA, while other... | 449 | Sonic Team | 3 |
26,800 | # Sonic Team
## History
### 2004--present: Reintegration and recent years {#present_reintegration_and_recent_years}
In 2004, the Japanese company Sammy acquired a controlling interest in Sega and formed Sega Sammy Holdings. Prior to the merger, Sega began the process of re-integrating its subsidiaries into the main c... | 491 | Sonic Team | 4 |
26,800 | # Sonic Team
## Sonic Team USA / Sega Studios USA {#sonic_team_usa_sega_studios_usa}
Sonic Team USA, later Sega Studios USA, was a division of Sega and of Sonic Team while Sonic Team was a subsidiary company. It was founded when twelve Sonic Team members, including Takashi Iizuka, relocated to San Francisco, Californ... | 445 | Sonic Team | 5 |
26,800 | # Sonic Team
## Games
Sonic Team has developed a number of video games, with many of them becoming bestsellers. The studio is best known for its *Sonic the Hedgehog* series of platform games, which account for the majority of Sonic Team\'s work; the 1991 release of *Sonic the Hedgehog* is considered one of the most i... | 334 | Sonic Team | 6 |
26,819 | # Soundness
In logic and deductive reasoning, an argument is **sound** if it is both valid in form and has no false premises. Soundness has a related meaning in mathematical logic, wherein a formal system of logic is sound if and only if every well-formed formula that can be proven in the system is logically valid wit... | 281 | Soundness | 0 |
26,819 | # Soundness
## Use in mathematical logic {#use_in_mathematical_logic}
### Logical systems {#logical_systems}
In mathematical logic, a logical system has the soundness property if every formula that can be proved in the system is logically valid with respect to the semantics of the system. In most cases, this comes d... | 661 | Soundness | 1 |
26,822 | # Steve Reich
**Stephen Michael Reich** (`{{IPAc-en|r|aɪ|ʃ}}`{=mediawiki} `{{respell|RYSHE}}`{=mediawiki}; born October 3, 1936) is an American composer best known as a pioneer of minimal music in the mid to late 1960s. Reich\'s work is marked by its use of repetitive figures, slow harmonic rhythm, and canons. Reich d... | 263 | Steve Reich | 0 |
26,822 | # Steve Reich
## Early life {#early_life}
Reich was born in New York City to Jewish parents, the Broadway lyricist June Sillman and Leonard Reich. When he was one year old, his parents divorced, and Reich divided his time between New York and California. He is the half-brother of writer Jonathan Carroll. He was given... | 282 | Steve Reich | 1 |
26,822 | # Steve Reich
## Career
### 1960s
Reich\'s early forays into composition involved experimentation with twelve-tone composition, but he found the rhythmic aspects of the number twelve more interesting than the pitch aspects. Reich also composed film soundtracks for *Plastic Haircut* (1963), *Oh Dem Watermelons* (1965... | 1,002 | Steve Reich | 2 |
26,822 | # Steve Reich
## Career
### 1970s {#s_1}
In June 1970, Reich travelled to the University of Ghana to study polyrhythmic music for five weeks with the Ewe master drummer Gideon Alorwoyie. From this experience, as well as A. M. Jones\'s *Studies in African Music* about the music of the Ewe people, Reich drew inspiratio... | 621 | Steve Reich | 3 |
26,822 | # Steve Reich
## Career
### 1980s {#s_2}
Reich\'s work took on a darker character in the 1980s with the introduction of historical themes as well as themes from his Jewish heritage. *Tehillim* (1981), Hebrew for *psalms*, is the first of Reich\'s works to draw explicitly on his Jewish background. The work is in four ... | 725 | Steve Reich | 4 |
26,822 | # Steve Reich
## Career
### 2010s {#s_5}
Reich premiered a piece, *WTC 9/11*, written for String Quartet and Tape (a similar instrumentation to that of *Different Trains*) in March 2011. This was a response to the September 11 attacks and used recordings from emergency services and from family members who were in New... | 406 | Steve Reich | 5 |
26,822 | # Steve Reich
## Legacy
The American composer and critic Kyle Gann has said that Reich \"may \... be considered, by general acclamation, America\'s greatest living composer\". Writing in *The Guardian*, music critic Andrew Clements has suggested that Reich is one of \"a handful of living composers who can legitimatel... | 472 | Steve Reich | 6 |
26,822 | # Steve Reich
## Works
### Compositions
- *Pitch Charts* variable instrumentation (1963)
- Soundtrack for *Plastic Haircut* tape (1963)
- *Music for two or more pianos* (1964)
- *Livelihood* (1964)
- *It\'s Gonna Rain* tape (1965)
- Soundtrack for *Oh Dem Watermelons* tape (1965)
- *Come Out* tape (196... | 979 | Steve Reich | 7 |
26,822 | # Steve Reich
## Works
### Filmography
- *Phase to Face*, a film documentary about Steve Reich by Eric Darmon & Franck Mallet (EuroArts, 2011) [DVD](https://web.archive.org/web/20110426210115/http://www2.euroarts | 26 | Steve Reich | 8 |
26,829 | # Category of sets
In the mathematical field of category theory, the **category of sets**, denoted by **Set**, is the category whose objects are sets. The arrows or morphisms between sets *A* and *B* are the functions from *A* to *B*, and the composition of morphisms is the composition of functions.
Many other catego... | 504 | Category of sets | 0 |
26,829 | # Category of sets
## Foundations for the category of sets {#foundations_for_the_category_of_sets}
In Zermelo--Fraenkel set theory the collection of all sets is not a set; this follows from the axiom of foundation. One refers to collections that are not sets as proper classes. One cannot handle proper classes as one ... | 466 | Category of sets | 1 |
26,872 | # SI base unit
\[\[<File:SI> base units.svg\|thumb\|right\|266px\| `{{Center|The seven SI base units}}`{=mediawiki}
Name Base quantity
----- --------- ---------------------------
s second time
m metre length
kg mass
A ampere electric current
K kelvin ... | 1,000 | SI base unit | 0 |
26,872 | # SI base unit
## 2019 revision of the SI {#revision_of_the_si}
thumb\|upright=1.35\|The SI system after 1983, but before the 2019 revision: Dependence of base unit definitions on other base units (for example, the metre is defined as the distance travelled by light in a specific fraction of a second), with the const... | 514 | SI base unit | 1 |
26,876 | # SI derived unit
**SI derived units** are units of measurement derived from the seven SI base units specified by the International System of Units (SI). They can be expressed as a product (or ratio) of one or more of the base units, possibly scaled by an appropriate power of exponentiation (see: Buckingham π theorem)... | 567 | SI derived unit | 0 |
26,876 | # SI derived unit
## By field of application {#by_field_of_application}
### Kinematics
+----------------------------------------+-----------+----------------------+----------------------+
| Name | Symbol | Quantity | Expression in terms\ |
| ... | 1,050 | SI derived unit | 1 |
26,876 | # SI derived unit
## By field of application {#by_field_of_application}
### Photometry
+--------------------------+---------+-------------------+----------------------+
| Name | Symbol | Quantity | Expression in terms\ |
| | | | of SI ba... | 192 | SI derived unit | 2 |
26,876 | # SI derived unit
## Other units used with SI {#other_units_used_with_si}
Some other units such as the hour, litre, tonne, bar, and electronvolt are not SI units, but are widely used in conjunction with SI units.
## Supplementary units`{{anchor|SI supplementary unit}}`{=mediawiki} {#supplementary_units}
Until 1995,... | 68 | SI derived unit | 3 |
26,893 | # Telecommunications in Sweden
This article covers **telecommunications in Sweden**.
## Telecommunications
Sweden liberalized its telecommunications industry starting in 1980s and being formally liberalized in 1993. This was three years ahead of USA and five years before the European common policy introduced in Janu... | 878 | Telecommunications in Sweden | 0 |
26,893 | # Telecommunications in Sweden
## Radio
- broadcast stations: AM 1, FM 124, shortwave 0 (2008)
- radio sets: 8.25 million (1997)
- broadcast media: Broadcast media: publicly owned TV broadcaster operates 2 terrestrial networks plus regional stations; multiple privately owned TV broadcasters operating nationally... | 227 | Telecommunications in Sweden | 1 |
26,898 | # Sect
A **sect** is a subgroup of a religious, political, or philosophical belief system, typically emerging as an offshoot of a larger organization. Originally, the term referred specifically to religious groups that had separated from a main body, but it can now apply to any group that diverges from a larger organi... | 622 | Sect | 0 |
26,898 | # Sect
## In Buddhism {#in_buddhism}
The *Macmillan Encyclopedia of Religion* distinguishes three types of classification of Buddhism, separated into \"Movements\", \"Nikāyas\" and \"Doctrinal schools\":
- Schools:
- Theravada, primarily in South Asia and Southeast Asia;
- Mahāyāna, primarily in East A... | 656 | Sect | 1 |
26,911 | # Sprung rhythm
**Sprung rhythm** is a poetic rhythm designed to imitate the rhythm of natural speech. It is constructed from feet in which the first syllable is stressed`{{dubious|reason=Does sprung rhythm really have this first-syllable limitation? Isn't this confusing it with 'rove-over'?|date=August 2022}}`{=medi... | 222 | Sprung rhythm | 0 |
26,912 | # Sapindales
**Sapindales** `{{IPAc-en|s|æ|p|ᵻ|n|ˈ|d|eɪ|l|iː|z}}`{=mediawiki} is an order of flowering plants. Well-known members of Sapindales include citrus; maples, horse-chestnuts, lychees and rambutans; mangos and cashews; frankincense and myrrh; mahogany and neem. The APG III system of 2009 includes it in the cl... | 230 | Sapindales | 0 |
26,913 | # Solanales
The **Solanales** are an order of flowering plants, included in the asterid group of the eudicots. Well-known members of Solanales include potatoes, eggplants, tomatoes, chili peppers, tobacco, petunias, nightshades, morning glory, and sweet potato. Some older sources used the name **Polemoniales** for thi... | 217 | Solanales | 0 |
26,914 | # Sheepshead (card game)
**Sheepshead** is an American trick-taking card game derived from Bavaria\'s national card game, Schafkopf (lit. \'sheep\'s head\'), hence it is sometimes called **American Schafkopf**. Sheepshead is most commonly played by five players, but variants exist to allow for two to eight players. Th... | 271 | Sheepshead (card game) | 0 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.