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25,946 | # Renzo Piano
## Projects under construction or in development {#projects_under_construction_or_in_development}
- Jerome L. Greene Science Center for Mind Brain Behavior. part of the new Manhattanville Campus of Columbia University in Upper Manhattan, New York City (with SOM). Besides the Greene science center, the... | 651 | Renzo Piano | 9 |
25,960 | # Rotary dial
A **rotary dial** is a component of a telephone or a telephone switchboard that implements a signaling technology in telecommunications known as pulse dialing. It is used when initiating a telephone call to transmit the destination telephone number to a telephone exchange as a succession of individual di... | 379 | Rotary dial | 0 |
25,960 | # Rotary dial
## History
From as early as 1836 onward, various suggestions and inventions of dials for sending telegraph signals were reported. After the first commercial telephone exchange was installed in 1878, the need for an automated, user-controlled method of directing a telephone call became apparent. By 1891,... | 619 | Rotary dial | 1 |
25,960 | # Rotary dial
## Construction
A rotary dial typically features a circular construction. The shaft that actuates the mechanical switching mechanism is driven by the finger wheel, a disk that has ten finger holes aligned close to the circumference. The finger wheel may be transparent or opaque permitting the viewing of... | 970 | Rotary dial | 2 |
25,960 | # Rotary dial
## Construction
### Britain
In the United Kingdom the letter \"O\" was combined with the digit \"0\" rather than \"6\". In large cities the seven-digit numbers comprised three letters for the exchange name, followed by four numbers.
### Australia
Before 1960 Australian rotary dial telephones had each ... | 350 | Rotary dial | 3 |
25,960 | # Rotary dial
## Alphanumeric dialing {#alphanumeric_dialing}
In addition to the ten digits, the faceplate is often printed with letters corresponding to each position. In North America, traditional dials have letter codes displayed with the numbers under the finger holes in the following pattern: 1, 2 ABC, 3 DEF, 4 ... | 284 | Rotary dial | 4 |
25,983 | # Regular semantics
**Regular semantics** is a computer hardware consistency model. It describes a type of guarantee provided by a processor register that is shared by several processor cores in a parallel machine or in a network of computers working together. Regular semantics are defined for a variable with a single... | 750 | Regular semantics | 0 |
25,986 | # Robert Langlands
**Robert Phelan Langlands**, `{{post-nominals|country=CAN|CC|FRS|FRSC}}`{=mediawiki} (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|æ|ŋ|l|ə|n|d|z}}`{=mediawiki}; born October 6, 1936) is a Canadian mathematician. He is best known as the founder of the Langlands program, a vast web of conjectures and results connecting representat... | 271 | Robert Langlands | 0 |
25,986 | # Robert Langlands
## Research
Langlands\' Ph.D. thesis was on the analytical theory of Lie semigroups, but he soon moved into representation theory, adapting the methods of Harish-Chandra to the theory of automorphic forms. His first accomplishment in this field was a formula for the dimension of certain spaces of a... | 848 | Robert Langlands | 1 |
25,986 | # Robert Langlands
## Personal life {#personal_life}
Langlands has been married to Charlotte Lorraine Cheverie (b 1935) since 1957. They have four children (2 daughters and 2 sons). He holds Canadian and American citizenships.
Langlands spent a year in Turkey in 1967--68, where his office at the Middle East Technica... | 99 | Robert Langlands | 2 |
26,000 | # Ray tracing (graphics)
In 3D computer graphics, **ray tracing** is a technique for modeling light transport for use in a wide variety of rendering algorithms for generating digital images.
On a spectrum of computational cost and visual fidelity, ray tracing-based rendering techniques, such as ray casting, recursive... | 271 | Ray tracing (graphics) | 0 |
26,000 | # Ray tracing (graphics)
## History
The idea of ray tracing comes from as early as the 16th century when it was described by Albrecht Dürer, who is credited for its invention. Dürer described multiple techniques for projecting 3-D scenes onto an image plane. Some of these project chosen geometry onto the image plane,... | 613 | Ray tracing (graphics) | 1 |
26,000 | # Ray tracing (graphics)
## Algorithm overview {#algorithm_overview}
Optical ray tracing describes a method for producing visual images constructed in 3-D computer graphics environments, with more photorealism than either ray casting or scanline rendering techniques. It works by tracing a path from an imaginary eye t... | 710 | Ray tracing (graphics) | 2 |
26,000 | # Ray tracing (graphics)
## Detailed description of ray tracing computer algorithm and its genesis {#detailed_description_of_ray_tracing_computer_algorithm_and_its_genesis}
### What happens in nature (simplified) {#what_happens_in_nature_simplified}
In nature, a light source emits a ray of light which travels, event... | 892 | Ray tracing (graphics) | 3 |
26,000 | # Ray tracing (graphics)
## Detailed description of ray tracing computer algorithm and its genesis {#detailed_description_of_ray_tracing_computer_algorithm_and_its_genesis}
### Disadvantages
A serious disadvantage of ray tracing is performance (though it can in theory be faster than traditional scanline rendering dep... | 753 | Ray tracing (graphics) | 4 |
26,000 | # Ray tracing (graphics)
## Detailed description of ray tracing computer algorithm and its genesis {#detailed_description_of_ray_tracing_computer_algorithm_and_its_genesis}
### Example
As a demonstration of the principles involved in ray tracing, consider how one would find the intersection between a ray and a sphere... | 724 | Ray tracing (graphics) | 5 |
26,000 | # Ray tracing (graphics)
## Bounding volumes {#bounding_volumes}
Enclosing groups of objects in sets of bounding volume hierarchies (BVH) decreases the amount of computations required for ray tracing. A cast ray is first tested for an intersection with the bounding volume, and then if there is an intersection, the vo... | 319 | Ray tracing (graphics) | 6 |
26,000 | # Ray tracing (graphics)
## Interactive ray tracing`{{anchor|In real time}}`{=mediawiki} {#interactive_ray_tracing}
The first implementation of an interactive ray tracer was the LINKS-1 Computer Graphics System built in 1982 at Osaka University\'s School of Engineering, by professors Ohmura Kouichi, Shirakawa Isao an... | 1,407 | Ray tracing (graphics) | 7 |
26,007 | # Mass racial violence in the United States
In the broader context of racism in the United States, **mass racial violence in the United States** consists of ethnic conflicts and race riots, along with such events as:
- Racially based targeted attacks against African Americans by White Americans which took place bef... | 327 | Mass racial violence in the United States | 0 |
26,007 | # Mass racial violence in the United States
## History
### Racial and ethnic cleansing {#racial_and_ethnic_cleansing}
Racial and ethnic cleansing was committed on a large scale after the end of the American revolution during the early period of time in the history of the United States, particularly against American ... | 954 | Mass racial violence in the United States | 1 |
26,007 | # Mass racial violence in the United States
## History
### Lynching era and race riots (1878--1939) {#lynching_era_and_race_riots_18781939}
Lynching is defined as \"a form of violence in which a mob, under the pretext of administering justice without a trial, executes a presumed offender, often after inflicting tortu... | 822 | Mass racial violence in the United States | 2 |
26,007 | # Mass racial violence in the United States
## History
### Modern era (1972--present) {#modern_era_1972present}
Today racial violence has changed dramatically, because openly violent acts of racism are less prevalent, but acts of police brutality and the mass incarceration of racial minorities are continuing to be ma... | 500 | Mass racial violence in the United States | 3 |
26,007 | # Mass racial violence in the United States
## Timeline of events {#timeline_of_events}
### Nativist period (1700s--1860) {#nativist_period_1700s1860}
- 1811: German Coast uprising (Louisiana)
- 1814: Anti-Hispanic race riot with sailors, (Boston)
- 1823: Nativist launch raid on Irish neighborhood, (Boston)
- ... | 751 | Mass racial violence in the United States | 4 |
26,007 | # Mass racial violence in the United States
## Timeline of events {#timeline_of_events}
### Post--Civil War and Reconstruction period (1865--1877) {#postcivil_war_and_reconstruction_period_18651877}
- 1866: New Orleans massacre of 1866 (New Orleans), July 30
- 1866: Owyhee River Massacre; a group of traveling Chi... | 534 | Mass racial violence in the United States | 5 |
26,007 | # Mass racial violence in the United States
## Timeline of events {#timeline_of_events}
### Jim Crow period (1877--1914) {#jim_crow_period_18771914}
- 1877: Group of white men burn down Chinese workers bunkhouse, robs and murders them, (Chico, California)
- 1878: Reno Chinatown burnt to the ground, Reno, Nevada
-... | 1,602 | Mass racial violence in the United States | 6 |
26,007 | # Mass racial violence in the United States
## Timeline of events {#timeline_of_events}
### World wars, interwar period, and post war period (1914--1954) {#world_wars_interwar_period_and_post_war_period_19141954}
- 1915: Leyden riot. Anti-Protestant riots; Catholics riot over ministers criticizing parochial schools... | 1,348 | Mass racial violence in the United States | 7 |
26,007 | # Mass racial violence in the United States
## Timeline of events {#timeline_of_events}
### Civil rights movement (1955--1973) {#civil_rights_movement_19551973}
- 1956: Mansfield School Integration Incident 400 pro-segregationists brandishing weapons and racist signage prevent 12 black children from entering Mansfi... | 1,153 | Mass racial violence in the United States | 8 |
26,007 | # Mass racial violence in the United States
## Timeline of events {#timeline_of_events}
### Since 1990 {#since_1990}
- 1990: Wynwood riot (Puerto Ricans rioted after a jury acquitted six officers accused of beating a Puerto Rican drug dealer to death)
- 1991: Crown Heights riot -- between West Indian immigrants a... | 429 | Mass racial violence in the United States | 9 |
26,011 | # Receptive aphasia
**Wernicke\'s aphasia**, also known as **receptive aphasia**, **sensory aphasia**, **fluent aphasia**, or **posterior aphasia**, is a type of aphasia in which individuals have difficulty understanding written and spoken language. Patients with Wernicke\'s aphasia demonstrate fluent speech, which is... | 404 | Receptive aphasia | 0 |
26,011 | # Receptive aphasia
## Signs and symptoms {#signs_and_symptoms}
The following are common symptoms seen in patients with Wernicke\'s aphasia:
- *Impaired comprehension*: deficits in understanding (receptive) written and spoken language. This is because Wernicke\'s area is responsible for assigning meaning to the la... | 1,323 | Receptive aphasia | 1 |
26,011 | # Receptive aphasia
## Causes
The most common cause of Wernicke\'s aphasia is stroke. Strokes may occur when blood flow to the brain is completely interrupted or severely reduced. This has a direct effect on the amount of oxygen and nutrients being able to supply the brain, which causes brain cells to die within minu... | 334 | Receptive aphasia | 2 |
26,011 | # Receptive aphasia
## Diagnosis
Aphasia is usually first recognized by the physician who treats the person for his or her brain injury. Most individuals will undergo a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) scan to confirm the presence of a brain injury and to identify its precise location. In ... | 334 | Receptive aphasia | 3 |
26,011 | # Receptive aphasia
## Treatment
There is currently no standardized treatment for Wernicke\'s Aphasia, meaning treatment varies from patient to patient depending on the severity of the lesion and the resulting deficits. In some patients, the first step of action is to attempt to treat the possible causes for the apha... | 681 | Receptive aphasia | 4 |
26,011 | # Receptive aphasia
## Treatment
### Restorative therapy approach {#restorative_therapy_approach}
Neuroplasticity is a central component to restorative therapy to compensate for brain damage. This approach is especially useful in Wernicke\'s aphasia patients that have had a stroke to the left brain hemisphere.
*Schu... | 924 | Receptive aphasia | 5 |
26,039 | # Photek
**Rupert Parkes** (born 6 September 1971), known as **Photek**, is a Los Angeles-based British electronic music DJ/record producer, and TV and film score composer. Photek was born and raised in Ipswich, Suffolk, England.
Photek has contributed music to several film, TV and video game productions, such as *Bl... | 671 | Photek | 0 |
26,039 | # Photek
## Discography
- *Modus Operandi* (1997)
- *Form & Function* (1998)
- *Solaris* (2000)
- *Form & Function Vol | 21 | Photek | 1 |
26,042 | # Revelation
**Revelation**, or **divine revelation**, is the disclosing of some form of truth or knowledge through communication with a deity (god) or other supernatural entity or entities in the view of religion and theology.
## Types
### Individual revelation {#individual_revelation}
Thomas Aquinas believed in t... | 827 | Revelation | 0 |
26,042 | # Revelation
## Methods
### Non-verbal propositional {#non_verbal_propositional}
One school of thought holds that revelation is non-verbal and non-literal, yet it may have propositional content. People were divinely inspired by God with a message but not in a verbal-like sense.
Rabbi Abraham Joshua Heschel wrote, \"... | 107 | Revelation | 1 |
26,042 | # Revelation
## Epistemology
Members of Abrahamic religions, including Judaism, Christianity and Islam, believe that God exists and can in some way reveal his will to people. Members of those religions distinguish between true prophets and false prophets, and there are documents offering criteria by which to distingu... | 1,226 | Revelation | 2 |
26,042 | # Revelation
## In various religions {#in_various_religions}
### Christianity
#### Latter Day Saint movement {#latter_day_saint_movement}
The Latter Day Saint movement teaches that the movement began with a revelation from God, which began a process of restoring the gospel of Jesus Christ to the earth. Latter Day Sai... | 986 | Revelation | 3 |
26,042 | # Revelation
## In various religions {#in_various_religions}
### Islam
Muslims believe that God (Arabic: ألله *Allah*) revealed his final message to all of existence through Muhammad via the angel Gabriel. Muhammad is considered to have been the Seal of the Prophets and the last revelation, the Qur\'an, is believed b... | 358 | Revelation | 4 |
26,042 | # Revelation
## In various religions {#in_various_religions}
### Judaism
The term *revelation* is used in two senses in Jewish theology; (1) what in rabbinical language is called *Gilluy Shekinah*, a manifestation of God by some wondrous act of his which overawes man and impresses him with what he sees, hears, or oth... | 1,098 | Revelation | 5 |
26,042 | # Revelation
## Revealed religion {#revealed_religion}
**Revealed religions** have religious texts which they view as divinely or supernaturally revealed or inspired. For instance, Orthodox Jews, Christians, and Muslims believe that the *Torah* was received from God on biblical Mount Sinai. Most Christians believe th... | 404 | Revelation | 6 |
26,055 | # Radical Dreamers
***Radical Dreamers*** is a 1996 text-based visual novel adventure video game developed and published by Square for the Satellaview, a satellite peripheral for the Super Famicom. It forms part of the *Chrono* series, acting as a side story to the 1995 game *Chrono Trigger*. A version of the game is ... | 524 | Radical Dreamers | 0 |
26,055 | # Radical Dreamers
## Characters and story {#characters_and_story}
*Radical Dreamers* features three protagonists---Serge, Kid, and Magil---who seek out treasure as venturesome, reputable thieves. The young adult narrator, Serge, is a drifting musician who met Kid by chance three years ago in a remote town. Serge enj... | 809 | Radical Dreamers | 1 |
26,055 | # Radical Dreamers
## Development
*Radical Dreamers* was developed by Square, the company which had previously developed *Chrono Trigger*. Masato Kato wrote *Radical Dreamers* after *Chrono Trigger*{{\'}}s release, feeling that *Trigger* concluded with \"unfinished business\". He composed the main story and drafted t... | 484 | Radical Dreamers | 2 |
26,055 | # Radical Dreamers
## Release
*Radical Dreamers* was announced in early 1996 as part of a collection of four titles produced by Square for the Satellaview platform. It was first released for broadcast starting February 3 that year. Subsequent broadcast periods were held through until March 8, with Square commenting t... | 710 | Radical Dreamers | 3 |
26,059 | # Roller hockey
**Roller hockey** is a form of hockey played on a dry surface using wheeled skates. It can be played with traditional roller skates (quad skates) or with inline skates and use either a ball or puck. Combined, roller hockey is played in nearly 60 countries worldwide.
There are three major variants of o... | 918 | Roller hockey | 0 |
26,059 | # Roller hockey
## Roller hockey brands {#roller_hockey_brands}
Many of the same brands that make ice hockey equipment also make roller hockey skates including Bauer, Easton, Mission, Tron and many more. There are also some brands that specialize in roller hockey like el Leon de Oro (Spain), Tour, Alkali, Revision an... | 71 | Roller hockey | 1 |
26,073 | # Right ascension
**Right ascension** (abbreviated **RA**; symbol **`{{mvar|α}}`{=mediawiki}**) is the angular distance of a particular point measured eastward along the celestial equator from the Sun at the March equinox to the (hour circle of the) point in question above the Earth. When paired with declination, thes... | 673 | Right ascension | 0 |
26,073 | # Right ascension
## Effects of precession {#effects_of_precession}
The Earth\'s axis traces a small circle (relative to its celestial equator) slowly westward about the celestial poles, completing one cycle in about 26,000 years. This movement, known as precession, causes the coordinates of stationary celestial obje... | 477 | Right ascension | 1 |
26,078 | # Robert E. Howard
Reh}} `{{Use American English|date=July 2022}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2024}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Infobox writer
| birth_name = Robert Ervin Howard
| image = Robert E Howard suit.jpg
| caption = Howard in 1934
| alt = Professional photograph of Rob... | 648 | Robert E. Howard | 0 |
26,078 | # Robert E. Howard
## Biography
### Early years {#early_years}
Howard was born January 22, 1906, in Peaster, Texas, the only son of a traveling country physician, Dr. Isaac Mordecai Howard, and his wife, Hester Jane Ervin Howard. His early life was spent wandering through a variety of Texas cowtowns and boomtowns: D... | 361 | Robert E. Howard | 1 |
26,078 | # Robert E. Howard
## Biography
### First writings {#first_writings}
Voracious reading, along with a natural talent for prose writing and the encouragement of teachers, created in Howard an interest in becoming a professional writer. From the age of nine he began writing stories, mostly tales of historical fiction ce... | 644 | Robert E. Howard | 2 |
26,078 | # Robert E. Howard
## Biography
### Professional writer {#professional_writer}
Howard spent his late teens working odd jobs around Cross Plains, all of which he hated. In 1924, Howard returned to Brownwood to take a stenography course at Howard Payne College, this time boarding with his friend Lindsey Tyson instead o... | 644 | Robert E. Howard | 3 |
26,078 | # Robert E. Howard
## Biography
### Sword and sorcery {#sword_and_sorcery}
In August 1926, Howard quit his exhausting job at the drug store and, in September, returned to Brownwood to complete his bookkeeping course. It was during this August that he began working on the story that would become \"The Shadow Kingdom\"... | 994 | Robert E. Howard | 4 |
26,078 | # Robert E. Howard
## Biography
### Lovecraft Circle {#lovecraft_circle}
In August 1930 Howard wrote a letter to *Weird Tales* praising a recent reprint of H. P. Lovecraft\'s \"The Rats in the Walls\" and discussing some of the obscure Gaelic references used within. Editor Farnsworth Wright forwarded the letter to Lo... | 580 | Robert E. Howard | 5 |
26,078 | # Robert E. Howard
## Biography
### Conan
Early 1932 saw Howard taking one of his frequent trips around Texas. He traveled through the southern part of the state with his main occupation being, in his own words, \"the wholesale consumption of tortillas, enchiladas and cheap Spanish wine.\" In Fredericksburg, while ov... | 1,130 | Robert E. Howard | 6 |
26,078 | # Robert E. Howard
## Biography
### Conan
Howard probably began to work on the novel in February 1934, starting to write *Almuric* (a non-Conan, sword and planet science fiction novel) but abandoned it half way. This was followed by another abortive attempt at a novel, this time a Conan novel that later became *Drums... | 473 | Robert E. Howard | 7 |
26,078 | # Robert E. Howard
## Biography
### New markets {#new_markets}
In spring 1933, Howard started to place work with Otis Adelbert Kline, a former pulp writer, as his agent. Kline encouraged him to try writing in other genres in order to expand into different markets. Kline\'s agency was successful in finding outlets for... | 657 | Robert E. Howard | 8 |
26,078 | # Robert E. Howard
## Biography
### Novalyne Price {#novalyne_price}
Howard is known to have had only one girlfriend in his life, Novalyne Price. Price was an ex-girlfriend of Tevis Clyde Smith, one of Howard\'s best friends, whom she had known since high school; Smith and Price had remained friends after their relat... | 526 | Robert E. Howard | 9 |
26,078 | # Robert E. Howard
## Biography
### Death
By 1936, almost all of Howard\'s fiction writing was being devoted to westerns. The novel *A Gent from Bear Creek* was due to be published by Herbert Jenkins in England, and by all accounts it looked as if he was finally breaking out of the pulps and into the more prestigious... | 568 | Robert E. Howard | 10 |
26,078 | # Robert E. Howard
## Health
Robert E. Howard\'s health, especially his mental health, has been the focus of the biographical and critical analysis of his life. In terms of physical health, Howard had a weak heart, which he treated by taking Digoxin. The precise nature of Howard\'s mental health has been much debated... | 702 | Robert E. Howard | 11 |
26,078 | # Robert E. Howard
## Writing
Howard\'s first published poem was *The Sea*, in an early 1923 issue of local newspaper *The Baylor United Statement*. His first published story was \"Spear and Fang\", sold in late November 1924 and published in the July 1925 issue of the pulp magazine *Weird Tales*. However, Howard\'s ... | 664 | Robert E. Howard | 12 |
26,078 | # Robert E. Howard
## Writing
### Criticism
Criticism of Robert E. Howard and his work often turns towards biographical details and \"backhanded `{{nowrap|compliment[s]."<ref>{{Harvtxt|Finn|2006|p=234}}</ref>}}`{=mediawiki} Some imply that Howard was an uneducated idiot savant and that his success was due more to luc... | 890 | Robert E. Howard | 13 |
26,078 | # Robert E. Howard
## Legacy
Robert E. Howard\'s legacy extended after his death in 1936. Howard\'s most famous character, Conan the Barbarian, has a pop-culture imprint that has been compared to such icons as Tarzan of the Apes, Count Dracula, Sherlock Holmes, and James Bond. Howard\'s critical reputation suffered a... | 810 | Robert E. Howard | 14 |
26,085 | # Ringwood Brewery
**Ringwood Brewery** is a brand of beer owned by Carlsberg Marston\'s Brewing Company, and was formerly a small brewery on the edge of the New Forest in Hampshire, England, near the Dorset border. It produced mainly cask ales and some bottled beers.
The emblem for the brewery is a boar.
## History... | 1,103 | Ringwood Brewery | 0 |
26,085 | # Ringwood Brewery
## Beers
### Permanent ales {#permanent_ales}
- Razorback (previously Best Bitter) -- 3.6% - Bitter - Launched 1978, rebranded 2015
- Forty Niner -- 4.9% - Golden Ale - Launched 1978
- Old Thumper -- 5.1% - Strong Ale, used to be as strong as 6%, then 5.8%, now 5.1% - Launched 1979\<ref name... | 334 | Ringwood Brewery | 1 |
26,085 | # Ringwood Brewery
## Pubs
All pubs were transferred to Marston\'s after the brewery was purchased in 2007 | 18 | Ringwood Brewery | 2 |
26,089 | # Real ale
**Real ale** is the name coined by the Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA) for ale that is \"brewed from traditional ingredients, matured by secondary fermentation in the container from which it is dispensed, and served without the use of extraneous carbon dioxide\".
## Cask and bottle-conditioned beers {#cask_a... | 406 | Real ale | 0 |
26,096 | # Romantic nationalism
thumb\|right\|upright=1.15\|*Liberty Leading the People,* embodying the Romantic view of the French Revolution of 1830, also known as the July Revolution; its painter Eugène Delacroix also served as an elected deputy thumb\|right\|upright=1.15\|Brudeferd i Hardanger (Bridal procession in Hardang... | 380 | Romantic nationalism | 0 |
26,096 | # Romantic nationalism
## Brief history {#brief_history}
### Nationalism and revolution {#nationalism_and_revolution}
thumb\|upright=1.6\|Romanticized painting of the Battle of Rancagua during the Chilean War of Independence by Pedro Subercaseaux In the Balkans, Romantic views of a connection with classical Greece, ... | 1,150 | Romantic nationalism | 1 |
26,096 | # Romantic nationalism
## German Romantic nationalism {#german_romantic_nationalism}
The Romantic movement was essential in spearheading the upsurge of German nationalism in the 19th century and especially the popular movement aiding the resurgence of Prussia after its defeat to Napoleon in the 1806 Battle of Jena. J... | 737 | Romantic nationalism | 2 |
26,096 | # Romantic nationalism
## Polish nationalism and messianism {#polish_nationalism_and_messianism}
Romanticism played an essential role in the national awakening of many Central European peoples lacking their own national states, not least in Poland, which had recently failed to restore its independence when Russia\'s ... | 371 | Romantic nationalism | 3 |
26,096 | # Romantic nationalism
## Arts
thumb\|left\|upright=1.15\|Church of the Savior on Blood, St Petersburg, 1883--1907
After the 1870s \"national romanticism\", as it is more usually called, became a familiar movement in the arts. Romantic musical nationalism is exemplified by the work of Bedřich Smetana, especially the... | 568 | Romantic nationalism | 4 |
26,105 | # Remembrance of the Dead
**Remembrance of the Dead** (*Dodenherdenking*) is held annually on 4 May in the Netherlands. It commemorates all civilians and members of the armed forces of the Kingdom of the Netherlands who have died in wars or peacekeeping missions since the beginning of the Second World War.
## Definit... | 368 | Remembrance of the Dead | 0 |
26,118 | # Roof
A **roof** (`{{plural form}}`{=mediawiki}: **roofs** or **rooves**) is the top covering of a building, including all materials and constructions necessary to support it on the walls of the building or on uprights, providing protection against rain, snow, sunlight, extremes of temperature, and wind. A roof is pa... | 658 | Roof | 0 |
26,118 | # Roof
## Parts
There are two parts to a roof: its supporting structure and its outer skin, or uppermost weatherproof layer. In a minority of buildings, the outer layer is also a self-supporting structure.
The roof structure is generally supported upon walls, although some building styles, for example, geodesic and ... | 1,208 | Roof | 1 |
26,118 | # Roof
## Functions
A roof assembly has more than one function. It may provide any or all of the following functions:\
1. To shed water i.e., prevent water from standing on the roof surface. Water standing on the roof surface increases the live load on the roof structure, which is a safety issue. Standing water also ... | 557 | Roof | 2 |
26,118 | # Roof
## Functions
### Drainage
The primary job of most roofs is to keep out water. The large area of a roof repels a lot of water, which must be directed in some suitable way, so that it does not cause damage or inconvenience.
Flat roof of adobe dwellings generally have a very slight slope. In a Middle Eastern cou... | 714 | Roof | 3 |
26,118 | # Roof
## Gallery of roof shapes {#gallery_of_roof_shapes}
<File:Five> roofs of Toji-ji, Kyoto.jpg\|Five roofs of Toji-ji, Kyoto <File:Thai-roof.jpg%7CPitched> roof with decorated gable, Chiang Mai, Thailand <File:Valsta> säteri.jpg\|Säteri roof (with vertical break in pitch), Sweden <File:mount-gilead-ohio-jail.jpg%... | 196 | Roof | 4 |
26,119 | # Podocarpus latifolius
***Podocarpus latifolius*** (**real yellowwood**, **broad-leaved yellowwood**, or **South African yellowwood**, *Opregte-geelhout*, *Mogôbagôba*, *Umcheya*, *Umkhoba*) is a large evergreen tree up to 35 m high and 3 m trunk diameter, in the conifer family Podocarpaceae; it is the type species o... | 486 | Podocarpus latifolius | 0 |
26,123 | # Real-time operating system
A **real-time operating system** (**RTOS**) is an operating system (OS) for real-time computing applications that processes data and events that have critically defined time constraints. A RTOS is distinct from a time-sharing operating system, such as Unix, which manages the sharing of sys... | 370 | Real-time operating system | 0 |
26,123 | # Real-time operating system
## Scheduling
In typical designs, a task has three states:
1. Running (executing on the CPU);
2. Ready (ready to be executed);
3. Blocked (waiting for an event, I/O for example).
Most tasks are blocked or ready most of the time because generally only one task can run at a time per CP... | 472 | Real-time operating system | 1 |
26,123 | # Real-time operating system
## Intertask communication and resource sharing {#intertask_communication_and_resource_sharing}
A multitasking operating system like Unix is poor at real-time tasks. The scheduler gives the highest priority to jobs with the lowest demand on the computer, so there is no way to ensure that ... | 756 | Real-time operating system | 2 |
26,123 | # Real-time operating system
## Interrupt handlers and the scheduler {#interrupt_handlers_and_the_scheduler}
Since an interrupt handler blocks the highest priority task from running, and since real-time operating systems are designed to keep thread latency to a minimum, interrupt handlers are typically kept as short ... | 341 | Real-time operating system | 3 |
26,123 | # Real-time operating system
## Memory allocation {#memory_allocation}
Memory allocation is more critical in a real-time operating system than in other operating systems.
First, for stability there cannot be memory leaks (memory that is allocated but not freed after use). The device should work indefinitely, without... | 207 | Real-time operating system | 4 |
26,137 | # Rabbinical Assembly
The **Rabbinical Assembly** (**RA**) is the international association of Conservative rabbis. The RA was founded in 1901 to shape the ideology, programs, and practices of the Conservative movement. It publishes prayerbooks and books of Jewish interest, and oversees the work of the Committee on Je... | 619 | Rabbinical Assembly | 0 |
26,137 | # Rabbinical Assembly
## Publications
The RA has also published prayer books for Shabbat and weekdays, most recently Siddur Sim Shalom and *Or Hadash: A Commentary on Siddur Sim Shalom* by Reuven Hammer.
It has also published prayer books for Rosh Hashanah and Yom Kippur, most recently Mahzor Lev Shalem. The RA has ... | 275 | Rabbinical Assembly | 1 |
26,137 | # Rabbinical Assembly
## Leadership
The Rabbinical Assembly has been served by a variety of volunteer presidents over the course of its history. Below is a listing of those who served as presidents during the 21st century:
- Vernon Kurtz (2000-2002)
- Reuven Hammer (2002-2004)
- Perry Rank (2004-2006)
- Alvi... | 90 | Rabbinical Assembly | 2 |
26,139 | # Retroposon
**Retroposons** are repetitive DNA fragments which are inserted into chromosomes after they had been reverse transcribed from any RNA molecule.
## Difference between retroposons and retrotransposons {#difference_between_retroposons_and_retrotransposons}
In contrast to retrotransposons, retroposons never... | 236 | Retroposon | 0 |
26,147 | # Outline of religion
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to religion:
**Religion** -- organized collection of beliefs, cultural systems, and world views that relate humanity to an order of existence. Many religions have narratives, symbols, and sacred histories that are intended to ... | 1,054 | Outline of religion | 0 |
26,151 | # Raven
A **raven** is any of several large-bodied passerine bird species in the genus *Corvus*. These species do not form a single taxonomic group within the genus. There is no consistent distinction between crows and ravens; the two names are assigned to different species chiefly by size.
The largest raven species ... | 325 | Raven | 0 |
26,154 | # Roman Inquisition
The **Roman Inquisition**, formally `{{Langnf|la|'''Suprema Congregatio Sanctae Romanae et Universalis Inquisitionis'''|the '''Supreme Sacred Congregation of the Roman and Universal Inquisition'''}}`{=mediawiki}, was a system of partisan tribunals developed by the Holy See of the Catholic Church, d... | 592 | Roman Inquisition | 0 |
26,154 | # Roman Inquisition
## Notable subjects of investigation {#notable_subjects_of_investigation}
### Copernicus
Nicolaus Copernicus circulated for scholarly discussion his hypothesis of a cosmos that was heliocentric and an Earth that rotated around its own axis, first, in 1514 in a manuscript essay, \"*De hypothesibus... | 654 | Roman Inquisition | 1 |
26,154 | # Roman Inquisition
## Inquisition in Italy and Malta {#inquisition_in_italy_and_malta}
The Inquisition in Malta (1561 to 1798) is generally considered to have been gentler.
Italian historian Andrea Del Col estimates that out of 51,000--75,000 cases judged by Inquisition in Italy after 1542, around 1,250 resulted in... | 723 | Roman Inquisition | 2 |
26,162 | # Real-Time Streaming Protocol
The **Real-Time Streaming Protocol** (**RTSP**) is an application-level network protocol designed for multiplexing and packetizing multimedia transport streams (such as interactive media, video and audio) over a suitable transport protocol. RTSP is used in entertainment and communication... | 284 | Real-Time Streaming Protocol | 0 |
26,162 | # Real-Time Streaming Protocol
## Protocol directives {#protocol_directives}
While similar in some ways to HTTP, RTSP defines control sequences useful in controlling multimedia playback. While HTTP is stateless, RTSP has a state; an identifier is used when needed to track concurrent sessions. Like HTTP, RTSP uses TCP... | 824 | Real-Time Streaming Protocol | 1 |
26,162 | # Real-Time Streaming Protocol
## Protocol directives {#protocol_directives}
### TEARDOWN
: A TEARDOWN request is used to terminate the session. It stops all media streams and frees all session-related data on the server.
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
C->S: TEARDOWN rtsp://example.com/media.mp4 RTSP/1.0
CS... | 563 | Real-Time Streaming Protocol | 2 |
26,162 | # Real-Time Streaming Protocol
## RTSP Encryption and RTSPS {#rtsp_encryption_and_rtsps}
There are several different methods for encrypting RTSP command messages and the RTP Video and Audio data.
RTSP 2.0 (RFC7826) defines several methods for encryption and introduces a new <rtsps://> URL and many of these have been... | 560 | Real-Time Streaming Protocol | 3 |
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