id int64 39 11.1M | section stringlengths 3 4.51M | length int64 2 49.9k | title stringlengths 1 182 | chunk_id int64 0 68 |
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34,633 | # 13th century
## Events
### 1201--1209
- 1202: Introduction of *\[\[Liber Abaci\]\]* by Fibonacci.
- 1202: Battle of Basian occurs on July 27, between Kingdom of Georgia and Seljuks.
- 1202: Battle of Mirebeau occurs on August 1, between Arthur I of Brittany and John of England.
- 1204: Islamization of Beng... | 828 | 13th century | 1 |
34,633 | # 13th century
## Events
### 1250s {#s_4}
- By 1250, Pensacola culture, through trade, begins influencing Coastal Coles Creek culture.
- 1250: The Mamluk dynasty is founded in Egypt.
- 1250: Death of Emperor Frederick II on December 13th.
- 1257: Baab Mashur Malamo established the Sultanate of Ternate in Malu... | 480 | 13th century | 2 |
34,633 | # 13th century
## Events
### 1290--1300 {#section_1}
- The Mamluk Dynasty comes to an end and is replaced by the Khalji dynasty.
- 1290: By the Edict of Expulsion, King Edward I of England orders all Jews to leave the Kingdom of England.
- 1291: The Swiss Confederation of Uri, Schwyz, and Unterwalden forms.
- ... | 560 | 13th century | 3 |
34,634 | # 1787
| 2 | 1787 | 0 |
34,640 | # 1980
`{{Year nav|1980}}`{=mediawiki} `{{C20 year in topic}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Year article header|1980}}`{=mediawiki} `{{horizontal TOC|nonum=yes|align=center|limit=3}}`{=mediawiki}
## Events
### January
- January 4 -- U.S. President Jimmy Carter proclaims a grain embargo against the USSR with the support of the ... | 1,081 | 1980 | 0 |
34,640 | # 1980
## Events
### May
- May 1 -- \"About that Urban Renaissance\...\", an article by journalist Dan Rottenberg in *Chicago*, contains the first recorded use of the word \"yuppie\".
- May 2 -- Referendum on system of government held in Nepal.
- May 4 -- Yugoslav President Josip Broz Tito dies. The largest sta... | 935 | 1980 | 1 |
34,640 | # 1980
## Events
### September
- September 1 -- Terry Fox is forced to end his Marathon of Hope run outside of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, after finding out that the cancer has spread to his lungs.
- September 2 -- Ford Europe launches the Escort MK3, a new front-wheel-drive hatchback.
- September 3 -- Zimbab... | 1,073 | 1980 | 2 |
34,640 | # 1980
## Births and deaths {#births_and_deaths}
## Nobel Prizes {#nobel_prizes}
- Physics -- James Watson Cronin, Val Logsdon Fitch
- Chemistry -- Paul Berg, Walter Gilbert, Frederick Sanger
- Medicine -- Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset, George D | 38 | 1980 | 3 |
34,642 | # 397
Year **397** (**CCCXCVII**) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. In the Roman Empire, it was known as the **Year of the Consulship of Caesarius and Atticus** (or, less frequently, **year 1150 *Ab urbe condita***). The denomination 397 for this year has been used since the early medieval... | 405 | 397 | 0 |
34,643 | # 4th century
The **4th century** was the time period from 301 CE (represented by the Roman numerals CCCI) to 400 CE (CD) in accordance with the Julian calendar. In the West, the early part of the century was shaped by Constantine the Great, who became the first Roman emperor to adopt Christianity. Gaining sole reign ... | 497 | 4th century | 0 |
34,643 | # 4th century
## Events
- Early 4th century -- Former audience hall now known as the Basilica, Trier, Germany, is built.
- Early 4th century -- The Gupta Empire is established.
- 301: Armenia first to adopt Christianity as state religion.
- 304--439: The Sixteen Kingdoms in China begins.
- 306--337: Constan... | 509 | 4th century | 1 |
34,644 | # 12th century
The **12th century** is the period from 1101 to 1200 in accordance with the Julian calendar. In the history of European culture, this period is considered part of the High Middle Ages and overlaps with what is often called the {{\"\'}}Golden Age\' of the Cistercians\". The Golden Age of Islam experience... | 551 | 12th century | 0 |
34,644 | # 12th century
## Events
### 1120s {#s_1}
- 1120: On January 16, the Council of Nablus, a council of ecclesiastic and secular lords in the crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem, establishes the first written laws for the kingdom.
- 1120: On November 25, William Adelin, the only legitimate son of King Henry I of England, ... | 1,197 | 12th century | 1 |
34,644 | # 12th century
## Events
### 1160s {#s_5}
- 1161: the Song dynasty Chinese navy, employing gunpowder bombs launched from trebuchets, defeats the enormous Jin dynasty navy in the East China Sea in the Battle of Tangdao and on the Yangtze River in the Battle of Caishi.
- 1161: Kilij Arslan II, Sultan of Rum, makes ... | 672 | 12th century | 2 |
34,644 | # 12th century
## Events
### 1180s {#s_7}
- 1180: The Portuguese Navy defeats a Muslim fleet off the coast of Cape Espichel.
- 1180--1185: the Genpei War in Japan.
- 1181: Parakramabahu the Great conducts a large-scale raid on Burma, after a ship transporting a Sinhalese princess to the Khmer Empire is attacked... | 757 | 12th century | 3 |
34,644 | # 12th century
## Events
### Undated
- China is under the Northern Song dynasty. Early in the century, Zhang Zeduan paints *Along the River During the Qingming Festival*. It will later end up in the Palace Museum, Beijing.
- In southeast Asia, there is conflict between the Khmer Empire and the Champa. Angkor Wat ... | 613 | 12th century | 4 |
34,645 | # 11th century
The **11th century** is the period from 1001 (represented by the Roman numerals MI) through 1100 (MC) in accordance with the Julian calendar, and the 1st century of the 2nd millennium.
In the history of Europe, this period is considered the early part of the High Middle Ages. There was, after a brief a... | 314 | 11th century | 0 |
34,645 | # 11th century
## Overview
In European history, the 11th century is regarded as the beginning of the High Middle Ages, an age subsequent to the Early Middle Ages. The century began while the *translatio imperii* of 962 was still somewhat novel and ended in the midst of the Investiture Controversy. It saw the final Ch... | 870 | 11th century | 1 |
34,645 | # 11th century
## Events
### 1001--1009
- 1001: Mahmud of Ghazni, Muslim leader of Ghazni, begins a series of raids into Northern India; he finishes in 1027 with the destruction of Somnath.
- c\. 1001: Norsemen, led by Leif Eriksson, establish short-lived settlements in and around Vinland in North America.
- 1... | 860 | 11th century | 2 |
34,645 | # 11th century
## Events
### 1030s {#s_2}
- 1030: Stephen I of the Kingdom of Hungary defeats Conrad II of the Holy Roman Empire; after the war, Conrad had ceded the lands between the rivers Leitha and Fischa to Hungary in the summer of 1031.
- 1030: the Battle of Stiklestad (Norway): Olav Haraldsson loses to his... | 1,022 | 11th century | 3 |
34,645 | # 11th century
## Events
### 1070s {#s_6}
- 1070: the death of Athirajendra Chola and the ascension of Kulothunga Chola I marks the transition between the Medieval Cholas and the Chalukya Cholas.
- 1071: Defeat of the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of Manzikert by the Seljuk army of Alp Arslan, ending three centu... | 852 | 11th century | 4 |
34,645 | # 11th century
## Events
### 1090--1100 {#section_1}
- 1091: Normans from the Duchy of Normandy take control of Malta and surrounding islands.
- 1091: the Byzantine Empire under Alexios I Komnenos and his Cuman allies defeat Pechenegs at the Battle of Levounion
- 1093: Vikramaditya VI, ruler of the Western Ch... | 461 | 11th century | 5 |
34,645 | # 11th century
## Events
### Undated
- King Anawrahta of Myanmar made a pilgrimage to Ceylon, returning to convert his country to Theravada Buddhism.
- The Tuareg migrate to the Aïr region.
- Kanem-Bornu expands southward into modern Nigeria.
- The first of seven Hausa city-states are founded in Nigeria.
- ... | 76 | 11th century | 6 |
34,645 | # 11th century
## Gallery
<File:AlfonsoVI> of Castile.jpg\|Alfonso VI of Castile <File:Heinrich> III und Agnes Speyer.jpg\|Empress Agnes, German Queen who became regent of the Holy Roman Empire <File:Basilios> II.jpg\|Basil II of the Byzantine Empire. <File:Canute> and Ælfgifu.jpg\|Angels crowning Canute the Great as... | 889 | 11th century | 7 |
34,645 | # 11th century
## Inventions, discoveries, introductions {#inventions_discoveries_introductions}
### Science and technology {#science_and_technology}
- Early 11th century -- Fan Kuan paints *Travelers among Mountains and Streams*. Northern Song dynasty. It is now kept at National Palace Museum, Taipei, Taiwan (Rep... | 940 | 11th century | 8 |
34,645 | # 11th century
## Inventions, discoveries, introductions {#inventions_discoveries_introductions}
### Literature
- 1000 -- *The Remaining Signs of Past Centuries* is written by Abū Rayhān al-Bīrūnī.
- c\. 1000 -- The *Al-Tasrif* is written by the Andalusian physician and scientist Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi (Abulcasi... | 567 | 11th century | 9 |
34,660 | # 1564
`{{C16 year in topic}}`{=mediawiki} Year **1564** (**MDLXIV**) was a leap year starting on Saturday of the Julian calendar.
## Events
### January--March
- January 26 -- Livonian War -- Battle of Ula: A Lithuanian surprise attack results in a decisive defeat of the numerically superior Russian forces.
- F... | 968 | 1564 | 0 |
34,660 | # 1564
## Events
### Date unknown {#date_unknown}
- The first recorded report is made of a \"rat king\".
- *approx. date* -- Idris Alooma starts to rule the Kanem-Bornu Empire.
- The first Scottish Psalter is published.
| 38 | 1564 | 1 |
34,660 | # 1564
## Births
- January 1 -- Šurhaci, Chinese prince (d. 1611)
- February 15 -- Galileo Galilei, Italian astronomer and physicist (d. 1642)
- February 26 (baptized) -- Christopher Marlowe, English dramatist and poet (d. 1593)
- March 7 -- Pierre Coton, French Jesuit and royal confessor (d. 1626)
- March ... | 430 | 1564 | 2 |
34,660 | # 1564
## Deaths
- January 9 -- Margaret Howard, Duchess of Norfolk (b. 1540)
- February 18 -- Michelangelo, Italian artist, architect and sculptor (b. 1475)
- February 19 -- Guillaume Morel, French classical scholar (b. 1505)
- March 5 -- Isabella Losa, Spanish scholar (b. 1491)
- March 27 -- Lütfi Pasha, ... | 288 | 1564 | 3 |
34,678 | # 500 (card game)
**500** or **Five Hundred** is a trick-taking game developed in the United States from Euchre. Euchre was extended to a 10 card game with bidding and a Misère contract similar to Russian Preference, producing a cutthroat three-player game like Preference and a four-player game played in partnerships ... | 614 | 500 (card game) | 0 |
34,678 | # 500 (card game)
## Bidding
After the deal, players call in turn, electing either to bid or to pass. A bid indicates the combined number of tricks the bidder believes they and their partner will take and the suit that will be trump for that hand, or that there will be no trump suit. For instance, a bid of \"seven sp... | 664 | 500 (card game) | 1 |
34,678 | # 500 (card game)
## Bidding
### Non-standard bids {#non_standard_bids}
- *J5* is a special version of no-trump where a jack replaces the ace as the highest card of its respective suit, keeping the rules in line with a suited game. The joker remains the only trump card, and the normal agreed-upon rules of its use s... | 629 | 500 (card game) | 2 |
34,678 | # 500 (card game)
## Play
The game focuses on tricks. The lead starts with the player who won the bidding. Players must follow suit if they can (this includes the left bower or any other card that is considered a trump, if trump is led). If a player no longer has any cards of the suit that is led, they may play any c... | 900 | 500 (card game) | 3 |
34,678 | # 500 (card game)
## Variations
### Breach rule (related to the set rule) {#breach_rule_related_to_the_set_rule}
Breach indicates that a non-bidding team intends to breach the contract of a bidding team by at least one more trick than is actually necessary to break the contract. As opposed to the Setting rule, Breach... | 444 | 500 (card game) | 4 |
34,678 | # 500 (card game)
## Versions for 2--6 players {#versions_for_26_players}
Variations exist, with appropriate additions or deductions to the deck for playing three, five or six-handed 500. Three-handed uses no teams, five-handed teams rotate and each player takes a turn without a partner, six-handed can be played as e... | 998 | 500 (card game) | 5 |
34,678 | # 500 (card game)
## Score keeping {#score_keeping}
The goal is for the team who wins the bid to take at least as many tricks as they bid. If the high bid is 8`{{hearts}}`{=mediawiki}, then the team wins the hand if they take 8, 9, or all 10 tricks and are awarded points according to the table below. There are no bon... | 705 | 500 (card game) | 6 |
34,678 | # 500 (card game)
## Score keeping {#score_keeping}
### Other scoring variations {#other_scoring_variations}
These are options that may be agreed upon amongst players at the outset, or regional variations of the usually-assumed rules.
- 6-trick bids are considered inkles, raising the minimum bid to 7`{{spades}}`{=... | 381 | 500 (card game) | 7 |
34,678 | # 500 (card game)
## Bidding conventions {#bidding_conventions}
Similarly to bridge there are possible bidding conventions in 500. It is considered standard to bid 6NT whenever one holds the joker.John McLeod states it is allowed in Saint Paul, Minnesota to bid \"no trumps\" (for instance 6 no trumps) if one holds st... | 482 | 500 (card game) | 8 |
34,678 | # 500 (card game)
## Strategy
### Bidding {#bidding_1}
Bids are typically made with the consideration that one will be receiving cards from the kitty and playing with a partner (except for misère and open misère) who hopefully will also be able to win a certain number of tricks. While the number of tricks one feel o... | 689 | 500 (card game) | 9 |
34,685 | # 1648
`{{C17 year in topic}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Year article header|1648}}`{=mediawiki}
The year 1648 has been suggested as possibly the last time in which the overall human population declined, coming towards the end of a broader period of global instability which included the collapse of the Ming dynasty and the Thir... | 978 | 1648 | 0 |
34,685 | # 1648
## Events
### Date unknown {#date_unknown}
- In India, building of the Red Fort in Shahjahanabad is completed.
- The epic poem *Padmavati* is written by Alaol.
- Sabbatai Zevi declares himself the Messiah at Smyrna.
- George Fox founds the Religious Society of Friends (Quakers) in England.
- The Dutc... | 82 | 1648 | 1 |
34,685 | # 1648
## Births
### January--March {#januarymarch_1}
- January 1 -- Matthijs Wulfraet, Dutch painter (d. 1727)
- January 14 -- Clara Elisabeth von Platen, German noblewoman (d. 1700)
- February 1 -- Elkanah Settle, English poet and playwright (d. 1724)
- February 23 -- Arabella Churchill, English mistress o... | 873 | 1648 | 2 |
34,685 | # 1648
## Deaths
- January 14 -- Caspar Barlaeus, Dutch polymath (b. 1584)
- January 15 -- St. Francisco Fernandez de Capillas, Spanish saint (b. 1607)
- January 20 -- Countess Palatine Magdalene Catherine of Zweibrücken and Duchess of Birkenfeld (b. 1607)
- January 23 -- Francisco de Rojas Zorrilla, Spanish ... | 489 | 1648 | 3 |
34,686 | # 1572
`{{C16 year in topic}}`{=mediawiki} Year **1572** (**MDLXXII**) was a leap year starting on Tuesday of the Julian calendar.
## Events
### January--March
- January 16 -- Thomas Howard, 4th Duke of Norfolk, is tried for treason, for his part in the Ridolfi plot to restore Catholicism in England. He is execut... | 1,006 | 1572 | 0 |
34,686 | # 1572
## Events
### Date unknown {#date_unknown}
- The Neo-Inca State in Vilcabamba, Peru, the last independent remnant of the Inca Empire, is conquered by Spain.
- Girolamo Mercuriale from Forlì (Italy) writes the work *De morbis cutaneis* (\"On the diseases of the skin\"), the first scientific tract on dermato... | 86 | 1572 | 1 |
34,686 | # 1572
## Births
- January 7 -- Antoine de Gaudier, French Jesuit writer (d. 1622)
- January 11 -- Elizabeth Wriothesley, Countess of Southampton, English countess (d. 1655)
- January 22 -- John Donne, English poet and soldier (d. 1631),
- February 1 -- Ellen Marsvin, Danish noble, landowner and county admini... | 544 | 1572 | 2 |
34,686 | # 1572
## Deaths
`{{multiple image
| align = right
| image1 = Gorum Johannes van Hoornaar.jpg
| width1 = 100
| alt1 =
| caption1 =
| image2 = Martyrs de Gorkum.jpg
| width2 = 100
| alt2 =
| caption2 =
| footer = Saint [[John of Cologne]] and [[Martyrs of Gorkum]] died on [[July 7]], 1572
}}`{=mediawiki}
- Janu... | 608 | 1572 | 3 |
34,687 | # 1623
| 2 | 1623 | 0 |
34,692 | # 1490s
The **1490s** decade ran from January 1, 1490, to December 31, 1499 | 14 | 1490s | 0 |
34,693 | # 1640s
The **1640s** decade ran from January 1, 1640, to December 31, 1649 | 14 | 1640s | 0 |
34,695 | # 1770s
<File:1770s> montage.jpg\|thumb\|335x335px\|From top left, clockwise: Englishmen and sailor James Cook concludes his inaugural and embarks on his second voyage, leaving a trail of significant milestones along its way such as the discovery of New Caledonia, Australia, Tahiti, the Antarctic Circle, and becoming ... | 451 | 1770s | 0 |
34,696 | # 1780s
<File:1780s> montage.jpg\|thumb\|335x335px\|From top left, clockwise: The fall of the Bastille propelled the start of the French Revolutionary War, a war that will eventually influence global politics by the birth of democracy in governments, and conceive the idea of republicanism worldwide; The first hydrogen... | 364 | 1780s | 0 |
34,697 | # 1789
| 2 | 1789 | 0 |
34,710 | # 1700s (decade)
The **1700s** decade ran from January 1, 1700, to December 31, 1709.
The decade is marked by a shift in the political structure of the Indian subcontinent, and the decline of the Mughal Empire | 37 | 1700s (decade) | 0 |
34,719 | # 1690
| 2 | 1690 | 0 |
34,720 | # 1764
| 2 | 1764 | 0 |
34,721 | # 1760s
<File:1760s> montage.png\|thumb\|335x335px\|From top left, clockwise: English Explorer James Cook commenced his first voyage around the world, becoming the first known Europeans to reach the east coast of Australia; victory at the Battle of Buxar and subsequent Treaty of Allahabad marked start of the political... | 398 | 1760s | 0 |
34,723 | # 1282
upright=1.35\|thumb\|The War of the Sicilian Vespers: Rebels massacre French soldiers (c. 1822) Year **1282** (**MCCLXXXII**) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.
## Events
### By place {#by_place}
#### Europe
- March -- Welsh forces under Prince Dafydd ap Gruffydd, brother of Ll... | 1,032 | 1282 | 0 |
34,723 | # 1282
## Events
### By topic {#by_topic}
#### Markets
- The form for the Trial of the Pyx, during which it is confirmed that newly minted coins conform to required standards, is established.
- The first evidence is discovered of the existence of consolidated public debt in Bruges, confirming the expansion of use... | 321 | 1282 | 1 |
34,723 | # 1282
## Deaths
- January 8 -- Hōjō Yoshimasa, Japanese nobleman (b. 1243)
- February 22 -- Guiscardo Suardi, Italian prelate and bishop
- February 24 -- Philippe Mouskes, French bishop and writer
- March 2 -- Agnes of Bohemia, Bohemian princess (b. 1211)
- March 22 -- Benvenutus Scotivoli, Italian priest ... | 315 | 1282 | 2 |
34,728 | # 1730s
The **1730s** decade ran from January 1, 1730, to December 31, 1739 | 14 | 1730s | 0 |
34,729 | # 1740s
<File:1740s> montage.jpg\|thumb\|335x335px\|From top left, clockwise: The War of Jenkins\' Ear, a conflict between the British and Spanish Empires lasting from 1739 to 1748. The War of the Austrian Succession from 1740 to 1748, caused by the death of Emperor Charles VI in 1740. The siege of Trichinopoly, a con... | 359 | 1740s | 0 |
34,730 | # 1790s
<File:1790s> montage.jpg\|thumb\|335x335px\|From top left, clockwise: Atlantic slave trade and abolitionism gain momentum over Europe and the Americas, as bans began to be enacted in countries such as Denmark-Norway (1803), the United Kingdom (1807), and Union States of the United States (1808) in the subseque... | 465 | 1790s | 0 |
34,731 | # 1890s
The **1890s** (pronounced \"eighteen-nineties\") was a decade of the Gregorian calendar that began on January 1, 1890, and ended on December 31, 1899.
In American popular culture, the decade would later be nostalgically referred to as the \"gay nineties\" (\"*gay\"* meaning carefree or cheerful). In the Briti... | 820 | 1890s | 0 |
34,731 | # 1890s
## Politics and wars {#politics_and_wars}
### Colonization
Harbin founded as a Russian city within Manchuria, founded to serve as the center of construction and the main junction and administration center of the Russian-built Chinese Eastern Railway. The location for the city was largely chosen strategically... | 1,414 | 1890s | 1 |
34,731 | # 1890s
## Politics and wars {#politics_and_wars}
### Wars and conflicts {#wars_and_conflicts}
During 1895, the Doukhobors, a pacifist Christian sect of the Russian Empire, attempt to resist a number of laws and regulations forced on them by the Russian government. They are mostly active in the South Caucasus, where ... | 1,246 | 1890s | 2 |
34,731 | # 1890s
## Economics in the United States {#economics_in_the_united_states}
- 1892: The Homestead strike in Homestead, Pennsylvania. Labor dispute between the Amalgamated Association of Iron and Steel Workers (the AA) and the Carnegie Steel Company starting in June 1892. The union negotiated national uniform wage s... | 1,069 | 1890s | 3 |
34,731 | # 1890s
## Economics in the United States {#economics_in_the_united_states}
- 1894: Cripple Creek miners\' strike, a five-month strike by the Western Federation of Miners (WFM) in Cripple Creek, Colorado, United States. In January 1894, Cripple Creek mine owners J. J. Hagerman, David Moffat and Eben Smith, who toge... | 791 | 1890s | 4 |
34,731 | # 1890s
## Economics in the United States {#economics_in_the_united_states}
```{=html}
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```
- 1896--1897: Leadville Colorado, Miners\' Strike. The union local in the Leadville mining district was the Cloud City Miners\' Union (CCMU), Local 33 of the Western Federation of Miners. In 1896, representatives of ... | 932 | 1890s | 5 |
34,731 | # 1890s
## Science and technology {#science_and_technology}
### Technology
- 1890s: Bike boom sweeps Europe and America with hundreds of bicycle manufacturers in the biggest bicycle craze to date.
- 1890: Clément Ader of Muret, France creates his Ader Éole. \"Ader claimed that while he was aboard the Ader Eole h... | 636 | 1890s | 6 |
34,731 | # 1890s
## Science and technology {#science_and_technology}
### Technology
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
- 1893--1894: The Kinetoscope, an early motion picture exhibition device invented by Thomas Edison and developed by William Kennedy Dickson, is introduced to the public. (It was in development since 1889 and a number ... | 1,624 | 1890s | 7 |
34,731 | # 1890s
## Science and technology {#science_and_technology}
### Technology
- Henri Becquerel discovered radioactivity.
- Swedish scientist Svante Arrhenius and US geologist Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin independently suggested that human CO~2~ emissions might cause global warming.
-
- 1894: Argon was discovered... | 111 | 1890s | 8 |
34,731 | # 1890s
## Popular culture {#popular_culture}
- Settlement movement based on Jane Addams\' Hull House in Chicago.
- Hale Johnson was a major leader of the American temperance movement.
- Department of Scientific Temperance Instruction, under Mary Hunt, achieved *de facto* control over all alcohol education in t... | 505 | 1890s | 9 |
34,731 | # 1890s
## People
### Politics
- Charles Albert Gobat, Secretary-general Inter-Parliamentary Union
- Henri Morel, Director World Intellectual Property Organization
- Gustave Moynier, President International Committee of the Red Cross
- Julio Argentino Roca, 9th and 14th President of Argentina.
- Grover Cle... | 155 | 1890s | 10 |
34,733 | # 1688
| 2 | 1688 | 0 |
34,736 | # 620s
The **620s** decade ran from January 1, 620, to December 31, 629 | 14 | 620s | 0 |
34,738 | # 10th century
The **10th century** was the period from 901 (represented by the Roman numerals CMI) through 1000 (M) in accordance with the Julian calendar, and the last century of the 1st millennium.
In China, the Song dynasty was established, with most of China reuniting after the fall of the Tang dynasty and the f... | 368 | 10th century | 0 |
34,738 | # 10th century
## Events
### Asia
- Buddhist temple construction commences at Bagan, Burma
- Seafarers and merchants from Champa had contacts with Brunei and Ma-i.
- 907: Zhu Quanzhong deposes Emperor Ai of Tang and establishes a new Later Liang dynasty.
- 907: Sumbing volcano erupts, according to Rukam inscr... | 500 | 10th century | 1 |
34,738 | # 10th century
## Events
### Europe
- Viking groups settle in northern France.
- 907: Three German armies led by Luitpold, Margrave of Bavaria, which entered the Hungarian territory in order to expel the Hungarians from the Carpathian Basin, is annihilated by the Hungarian army at the Battle of Pressburg.
- Fou... | 571 | 10th century | 2 |
34,740 | # 8th century
thumb\|upright=1.5\|Eastern Hemisphere at the beginning of the 8th century
The **8th century** is the period from 701 (represented by the Roman numerals DCCI) through 800 (DCCC) in accordance with the Julian Calendar.
In the historiography of Europe the phrase **the long 8th century** is sometimes used... | 1,640 | 8th century | 0 |
34,740 | # 8th century
## Events
## Inventions, discoveries, introductions {#inventions_discoveries_introductions}
- Heavy plow in use in the Rhine valley.
- Horse collar in use in Northern Europe in 8th or 9th century --- perhaps introduced from Asia.
- Mid 8th century -- papermaking introduced from China to Arabs.
- ... | 93 | 8th century | 1 |
34,741 | # 6th century
The **6th century** is the period from 501 through 600 in line with the Julian calendar.
In the West, the century marks the end of Classical Antiquity and the beginning of the Middle Ages. The collapse of the Western Roman Empire late in the previous century left Europe fractured into many small Germani... | 344 | 6th century | 0 |
34,741 | # 6th century
## Events
- Early 6th century -- Ah Suytok Tutul Xiu founds Uxmal.
- Early 6th century -- Archangel ivory, panel of a diptych probably from the court workshop at Constantinople, is made. It is now kept at The British Museum, London.
- Early 6th century -- Vienna Genesis, from \"Book of Genesis\", ... | 1,092 | 6th century | 1 |
34,742 | # 5th century
The **5th century** is the time period from AD 401 (represented by the Roman numerals CDI) through AD 500 (D) in accordance with the Julian calendar. The 5th century is noted for being a period of migration and political instability throughout Eurasia.
It saw the collapse of the Western Roman Empire, wh... | 321 | 5th century | 0 |
34,742 | # 5th century
## Events
- 380 -- 415: Chandragupta II reigns over the golden age of the Gupta Empire.
- 399 -- 412: The Chinese Buddhist monk Faxian sails through the Indian Ocean and travels throughout Sri Lanka and India bring and gather Buddhist scriptures.
- 401: Kumarajiva, a Buddhist monk and translator o... | 799 | 5th century | 1 |
34,743 | # 3rd century
The **3rd century** was the period from AD 201 (represented by the Roman numerals CCI) to AD 300 (CCC) in accordance with the Julian calendar.
In this century, the Roman Empire saw a crisis, starting with the assassination of the Roman Emperor Severus Alexander in 235, plunging the empire into a period ... | 652 | 3rd century | 0 |
34,743 | # 3rd century
## Events
- The Kingdom of Funan reaches its zenith.
- The Goths move from Gothiscandza to Ukraine, giving birth to the Chernyakhov culture.
- *Menorahs and Ark of the Covenant*, wall painting in a Jewish catacomb, Villa Torlonia (Rome), are made.
- The Coptic period begins.
- Siddhartha in th... | 401 | 3rd century | 1 |
34,743 | # 3rd century
## Inventions, discoveries, introductions {#inventions_discoveries_introductions}
- Sarnath becomes a center of Buddhist arts in India.
- Diffusion of maize as a food crop from Mexico into North America begins | 32 | 3rd century | 2 |
34,744 | # 2nd century
The **2nd century** is the period from AD 101 (represented by the Roman numerals CI) through AD 200 (CC) in accordance with the Julian calendar. It is considered part of the Classical era, epoch, or historical period.
Early in the century, the Roman Empire attained its greatest expansion under the emper... | 507 | 2nd century | 0 |
34,744 | # 2nd century
## Events
- AD 96 -- 180: Five Good Emperors of Rome: Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius and Marcus Aurelius.
- 100 -- 200: The Grand Anicut, an ancient dam, is constructed by a Chola king.
- 101 -- 102, 105 -- 106: The Dacian Wars. After two conflicts, Dacia is annexed as a Roman province.
- ... | 485 | 2nd century | 1 |
34,747 | # 1797
| 2 | 1797 | 0 |
34,757 | # 1573
Year **1573** (**MDLXXIII**) was a common year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar.
## Events
### January--March
- January 25 (22nd day of 12th month of Genki 3 -- At the Battle of Mikatagahara in Japan, Takeda Shingen defeats Tokugawa Ieyasu.
- January 28
- Articles of the Warsaw Confedera... | 1,072 | 1573 | 0 |
34,757 | # 1573
## Events
### Date unknown {#date_unknown}
- Sarsa Dengel, emperor of Ethiopia, defeats the Oromo in a battle near Lake Zway.
- The first Spanish galleon, laden with silver for the porcelain and silk trade with the Ming Dynasty of China, lands at Manila in the Philippines. This occasion marks the beginning... | 131 | 1573 | 1 |
34,757 | # 1573
## Births
- January 10 -- Simon Marius, German astronomer (d. 1624)
- January 18 -- Ambrosius Bosschaert, still life painter of the Dutch Golden Age (d. 1621)
- January 20 -- Alexander, Duke of Schleswig-Holstein-Sonderburg (d. 1627)
- January 22 -- Ludwig Camerarius, German politician (d. 1651)
- Ja... | 546 | 1573 | 2 |
34,757 | # 1573
## Deaths
- January 1
- Hans Boije af Gennäs, Swedish commander
- Johann Pfeffinger, German theologian (b. 1493)
- January 12 -- William Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Effingham, English Lord High Admiral (b. 1510)
- February 7 -- Hedwig Jagiellon, Electress of Brandenburg (b. 1513)
- March 2 ... | 343 | 1573 | 3 |
34,758 | # 1570s
The **1570s** decade ran from January 1, 1570, to December 31, 1579 | 14 | 1570s | 0 |
34,759 | # 1574
`{{C16 year in topic}}`{=mediawiki} \_\_NOTOC\_\_ Year **1574** (**MDLXXIV**) was a common year starting on Friday of the Julian calendar.
## Events
### January--March
- January 22 -- Mohammed II becomes the new Sultan of Morocco upon the death of his father, Abdallah al-Ghalib.
- January 27 -- At Agra, ... | 713 | 1574 | 0 |
34,759 | # 1574
## Births
- January 17 -- Robert Fludd, English Rosicrucian and Paracelsian physicist (d. 1637)
- February 17 -- Pedro Téllez-Girón, 3rd Duke of Osuna, Spanish nobleman and politician (d. 1624)
- March 4 -- Carl Gyllenhielm, Swedish soldier and politician (d. 1650)
- March 5 -- William Oughtred, Englis... | 467 | 1574 | 1 |
34,759 | # 1574
## Deaths
- January 26 -- Martin Helwig, German cartographer of Silesia (b. 1516)
- January 30 -- Damião de Góis, Portuguese philosopher (b. 1502)
- March 4 -- Anna II, Princess-Abbess of Quedlinburg, German noblewoman, reigning from 1516 until her death (b. 1504)
- March 27 -- Takeda Nobutora, Japanes... | 400 | 1574 | 2 |
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