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5,636 | # Chemist
## Education
### Formal education {#formal_education}
Jobs for chemists generally require at least a bachelor\'s degree in chemistry, which takes four years. However, many positions, especially those in research, require a Master of Science or a Doctor of Philosophy (PhD.). Most undergraduate programs emph... | 1,210 | Chemist | 1 |
5,636 | # Chemist
## Employment
Most chemists begin their lives in research laboratories. Many chemists continue working at universities. Other chemists may start companies, teach at high schools or colleges, take samples outside (as environmental chemists), or work in medical examiner offices or police departments (as foren... | 538 | Chemist | 2 |
5,636 | # Chemist
## Professional societies {#professional_societies}
Chemists may belong to professional societies specifically for professionals and researchers within the field of chemistry, such as the Royal Society of Chemistry in the United Kingdom, the American Chemical Society (ACS) in the United States, or the Insti... | 176 | Chemist | 3 |
5,642 | # Costume jewelry
thumb\|upright=1.2\|Swatch Bijoux Jewelry
**Costume or fashion jewelry** includes a range of decorative items worn for personal adornment that are manufactured as less expensive ornamentation to complement a particular fashionable outfit or garment as opposed to \"real\" (fine) jewelry, which is mor... | 327 | Costume jewelry | 0 |
5,642 | # Costume jewelry
## Historical expression {#historical_expression}
Costume jewelry can be characterized by the period in history in which it was made.
### Art Deco period (1920--1930s) {#art_deco_period_19201930s}
The Art Deco movement attempted to combine the harshness of mass production with the sensitivity of a... | 352 | Costume jewelry | 1 |
5,642 | # Costume jewelry
## General history {#general_history}
Costume jewelry has been part of the culture for almost 300 years. During the 18th century, jewelers began making pieces with inexpensive glass. In the 19th century, costume jewelry made of semi-precious material came into the market. Jewels made of semi-preciou... | 541 | Costume jewelry | 2 |
5,642 | # Costume jewelry
## Business and industry {#business_and_industry}
Costume jewelry is considered a discrete category of fashion accessory and displays many characteristics of a self-contained industry. Costume jewelry manufacturers are located throughout the world, with a particular concentration in parts of China a... | 359 | Costume jewelry | 3 |
5,645 | # Cult film
A **cult film**, also commonly referred to as a **cult classic**, is a film that has acquired a cult following. Cult films are known for their dedicated, passionate fanbase, which forms an elaborate subculture, members of which engage in repeated viewings, dialogue-quoting, and audience participation. Incl... | 541 | Cult film | 0 |
5,645 | # Cult film
## Definition
A cult film is any film that has a cult following, although the term is not easily defined and can be applied to a wide variety of films. Some definitions exclude films that have been released by major studios or have big budgets, that try specifically to become cult films, or become accepte... | 715 | Cult film | 1 |
5,645 | # Cult film
## General overview {#general_overview}
Cult films have existed since the early days of cinema. Film critic Harry Alan Potamkin traces them back to 1910s France and the reception of Pearl White, William S. Hart, and Charlie Chaplin, which he described as \"a dissent from the popular ritual\". *Nosferatu* ... | 1,352 | Cult film | 2 |
5,645 | # Cult film
## Transgression and censorship {#transgression_and_censorship}
Transgressive films as a distinct artistic movement began in the 1970s. Unconcerned with genre distinctions, they drew inspiration equally from the nonconformity of European art cinema and experimental film, the gritty subject matter of Itali... | 1,564 | Cult film | 3 |
5,645 | # Cult film
## Subcultural appeal and fandom {#subcultural_appeal_and_fandom}
Cult films can be used to help define or create groups as a form of subcultural capital; knowledge of cult films proves that one is \"authentic\" or \"non-mainstream\". They can be used to provoke an outraged response from the mainstream, w... | 1,324 | Cult film | 4 |
5,645 | # Cult film
## Types
### \"So bad it\'s good\" {#so_bad_its_good}
thumb\|thumbtime=103\|upright=1.5\|`{{center|''Plan 9 from Outer Space'', full film; runtime 01:19:03}}`{=mediawiki} The critic Michael Medved characterized examples of the \"so bad it\'s good\" class of low-budget cult film through books such as *The... | 1,131 | Cult film | 5 |
5,645 | # Cult film
## Types
### Art and exploitation {#art_and_exploitation}
Although seemingly at odds with each other, art and exploitation films are frequently treated as equal and interchangeable in cult fandom, listed alongside each other and described in similar terms: their ability to provoke a response. The most exp... | 1,118 | Cult film | 6 |
5,645 | # Cult film
## Mainstream popularity {#mainstream_popularity}
Mark Shiel explains the rising popularity of cult films as an attempt by cinephiles and scholars to escape the oppressive conformity and mainstream appeal of even independent film, as well as a lack of condescension in both critics and the films; Academic ... | 1,528 | Cult film | 7 |
5,653 | # Clarke's three laws
British science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke formulated three adages that are known as **Clarke\'s three laws**, of which the third law is the best known and most widely cited. They are part of his ideas in his extensive writings about the future.
## The laws {#the_laws}
[The laws](https://w... | 499 | Clarke's three laws | 0 |
5,661 | # Centime
**Centime** (from *centesimus*) is French for \"cent\", and is used in English as the name of the fraction currency in several Francophone countries (including Switzerland, Algeria, Belgium, Morocco and France).
In France, the usage of *centime* goes back to the introduction of the decimal monetary system u... | 343 | Centime | 0 |
5,662 | # Calendar year
A **calendar year** begins on the New Year\'s Day of the given calendar system and ends on the day before the following New Year\'s Day, and thus consists of a whole number of days.
The Gregorian calendar year, which is in use as civil calendar in most of the world, begins on January 1 and ends on Dec... | 529 | Calendar year | 0 |
5,689 | # College
upright=1.35\|thumb\| Corpus Christi College, one of the constituent colleges of the University of Cambridge in England A **college** (Latin: *collegium*) may be a tertiary educational institution (sometimes awarding degrees), part of a collegiate university, an institution offering vocational education, a f... | 477 | College | 0 |
5,689 | # College
## Overview
### Higher education {#higher_education}
Within higher education, the term can be used to refer to:
- A constituent part of a collegiate university, for example King\'s College, Cambridge, or of a federal university, for example King\'s College London.
- A liberal arts college, an independ... | 1,036 | College | 1 |
5,689 | # College
## Americas
### Canada
In Canadian English, the term \"college\" usually refers to a trades school, applied arts/science/technology/business/health school or community college. These are post-secondary institutions granting certificates, diplomas, associate degrees and (in some cases) bachelor\'s degrees. ... | 764 | College | 2 |
5,689 | # College
## Americas
### United States {#united_states}
In the United States, there were 5,916 post-secondary institutions (universities and colleges) `{{as of|2020|alt=as of 2020–21|post=,}}`{=mediawiki} having peaked at 7,253 in 2012--13 and fallen every year since. A \"college\" in the US can refer to a constitue... | 1,292 | College | 3 |
5,689 | # College
## Americas
### United States {#united_states}
#### Morrill Land-Grant Act {#morrill_land_grant_act}
In addition to private colleges and universities, the U.S. also has a system of government funded, public universities. Many were founded under the Morrill Land-Grant Colleges Act of 1862. A movement had ari... | 252 | College | 4 |
5,689 | # College
## Asia
### Bangladesh
In Bangladesh, educational institutions offering higher secondary (11th--12th grade) education are known as colleges.
### Hong Kong {#hong_kong}
In Hong Kong, the term \'college\' is used by tertiary institutions as either part of their names or to refer to a constituent part of th... | 849 | College | 5 |
5,689 | # College
## Asia
### Philippines
In the Philippines, colleges usually refer to institutions of learning that grant degrees but whose scholastic fields are not as diverse as that of a university (University of Santo Tomas, University of the Philippines, Ateneo de Manila University, De La Salle University, Far Eastern... | 550 | College | 6 |
5,689 | # College
## Africa
### South Africa {#south_africa}
Although the term \"college\" is hardly used in any context at any university in South Africa, some non-university tertiary institutions call themselves colleges. These include teacher training colleges, business colleges and wildlife management colleges. See: Lis... | 1,086 | College | 7 |
5,689 | # College
## Europe
### Portugal
Presently in Portugal, the term *colégio* (college) is normally used as a generic reference to a private (non-government) school that provides from basic to secondary education. Many of the private schools include the term *colégio* in their name. Some special public schools -- usuall... | 825 | College | 8 |
5,689 | # College
## Oceania
### Australia
In Australia a college may be an institution of tertiary education that is smaller than a university, run independently or as part of a university. Following a reform in the 1980s many of the formerly independent colleges now belong to a larger universities.
Referring to parts of ... | 357 | College | 9 |
5,697 | # Civil Rights Memorial
The **Civil Rights Memorial** is an American memorial in Montgomery, Alabama, created by Maya Lin. The names of 41 people are inscribed on the granite fountain as martyrs who were killed in the civil rights movement. The memorial is sponsored by the Southern Poverty Law Center.
## Design
The ... | 432 | Civil Rights Memorial | 0 |
5,697 | # Civil Rights Memorial
## Names included {#names_included}
### \"Civil Rights Martyrs\" {#civil_rights_martyrs}
The 41 names included in the Civil Rights Memorial are those of:
- Louis Allen
- Willie Brewster
- Benjamin Brown
- Johnnie Mae Chappell
- James Chaney
- Addie Mae Collins
- Vernon Dahmer
-... | 438 | Civil Rights Memorial | 1 |
5,706 | # Çevik Bir
**Çevik Bir** (born 1939) is a Turkish retired army general. He was a member of the Turkish General Staff in the 1990s. He took a major part in several important international missions in the Middle East and North Africa. He was born in Buca, İzmir Province, in 1939 and is married with one child.
He gradu... | 525 | Çevik Bir | 0 |
5,714 | # Cornish Nationalist Party
The **Cornish Nationalist Party** (**CNP**; *An Parti Kenethlegek Kernow*) is a political party founded in 1975. It initially campaigned for independence for Cornwall but later supported devolved powers under central UK control.
The CNP should not be confused other Cornish nationalist part... | 580 | Cornish Nationalist Party | 0 |
5,714 | # Cornish Nationalist Party
## Policy
### Original policies {#original_policies}
The Policy Statement of the CNP was published in 1975. The 1977 *Programme of the Cornish Nationalist Party* was laid out under multiple key points.
World and continental government
: The party promotes international federalism in wh... | 1,063 | Cornish Nationalist Party | 1 |
5,714 | # Cornish Nationalist Party
## Image
The CNP has had image problems, having been seen as similarly styled to nativist and far-right parties, the British National Party (BNP) and National Front (NF). During the 1970s, the party magazine *The Cornish Banner / An Baner Kernewek* published letters sympathetic to the NF a... | 151 | Cornish Nationalist Party | 2 |
5,719 | # Cutaway (filmmaking)
In film and video, a **cutaway** is the interruption of a continuously filmed action by inserting a view of something else. It is usually followed by a cut back to the first shot. A **cutaway scene** is the interruption of a scene with the insertion of another scene, generally unrelated or only ... | 477 | Cutaway (filmmaking) | 0 |
5,723 | # Constellations (journal)
***Constellations: An International Journal of Critical and Democratic Theory*** is a quarterly peer-reviewed academic journal of critical post-Marxist and democratic theory and successor of *Praxis International*.
*Constellations* is committed to publishing the best of contemporary critica... | 130 | Constellations (journal) | 0 |
5,726 | # Crane shot
In filmmaking and video production, a **crane shot** is a shot taken by a camera on a moving crane or jib. Filmmaker D. W. Griffith created the first crane for his 1916 epic film *Intolerance*, with famed special effects pioneer Eiji Tsuburaya later constructing the first iron camera crane which is still ... | 789 | Crane shot | 0 |
5,726 | # Crane shot
## Notable usage {#notable_usage}
- D. W. Griffith\'s *Intolerance* (1916) featured the first ever crane shot for a film.
- Atsuo Tomioka\'s 1935 film *The Chorus of a Million* featured the first iron camera crane, which was created and employed in the film in 1934 by Eiji Tsuburaya.
- Leni Riefens... | 535 | Crane shot | 1 |
5,739 | # Compiler
Compilation}} `{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2020}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Program execution}}`{=mediawiki}
In computing, a **compiler** is a computer program that translates computer code written in one programming language (the *source* language) into another language (the *target* language). The name \"compiler... | 492 | Compiler | 0 |
5,739 | # Compiler
## History
upright=1.5\|thumb \|A diagram of the operation of a typical multi-language, multi-target compiler Theoretical computing concepts developed by scientists, mathematicians, and engineers formed the basis of digital modern computing development during World War II. Primitive binary languages evolve... | 1,150 | Compiler | 1 |
5,739 | # Compiler
## History
Bell Labs started the development and expansion of C based on B and BCPL. The BCPL compiler had been transported to Multics by Bell Labs and BCPL was a preferred language at Bell Labs. Initially, a front-end program to Bell Labs\' B compiler was used while a C compiler was developed. In 1971, a ... | 928 | Compiler | 2 |
5,739 | # Compiler
## Compiler construction {#compiler_construction}
A compiler implements a formal transformation from a high-level source program to a low-level target program. Compiler design can define an end-to-end solution or tackle a defined subset that interfaces with other compilation tools e.g. preprocessors, assem... | 473 | Compiler | 3 |
5,739 | # Compiler
## Compiler construction {#compiler_construction}
### Three-stage compiler structure {#three_stage_compiler_structure}
thumb\|center\|upright=2.5\|Compiler design Regardless of the exact number of phases in the compiler design, the phases can be assigned to one of three stages. The stages include a front e... | 1,523 | Compiler | 4 |
5,739 | # Compiler
## Compiler construction {#compiler_construction}
### Three-stage compiler structure {#three_stage_compiler_structure}
#### Back end {#back_end}
The back end is responsible for the CPU architecture specific optimizations and for code generation.
The main phases of the back end include the following:
- ... | 190 | Compiler | 5 |
5,739 | # Compiler
## Compiled vis-à-vis interpreted languages {#compiled_vis_à_vis_interpreted_languages}
Higher-level programming languages usually appear with a type of translation in mind: either designed as compiled language or interpreted language. However, in practice there is rarely anything about a language that *re... | 332 | Compiler | 6 |
5,739 | # Compiler
## Types
One classification of compilers is by the platform on which their generated code executes. This is known as the *target platform.*
A *native* or *hosted* compiler is one whose output is intended to directly run on the same type of computer and operating system that the compiler itself runs on. Th... | 776 | Compiler | 7 |
5,743 | # Counting-out game
A **counting-out game** or **counting-out rhyme** is a simple method of \'randomly\' selecting a person from a group, often used by children for the purpose of playing another game. It usually requires no materials, and is achieved with spoken words or hand gestures. The historian Henry Carrington ... | 354 | Counting-out game | 0 |
5,759 | # Complex analysis
Complexity theory}} `{{More footnotes|date=March 2021}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Complex analysis sidebar}}`{=mediawiki}
**Complex analysis**, traditionally known as the **theory of functions of a complex variable**, is the branch of mathematical analysis that investigates functions of complex numbers. It i... | 266 | Complex analysis | 0 |
5,759 | # Complex analysis
## Complex functions {#complex_functions}
A complex function is a function from complex numbers to complex numbers. In other words, it is a function that has a (not necessarily proper) subset of the complex numbers as a domain and the complex numbers as a codomain. Complex functions are generally a... | 331 | Complex analysis | 1 |
5,759 | # Complex analysis
## Holomorphic functions {#holomorphic_functions}
Complex functions that are differentiable at every point of an open subset $\Omega$ of the complex plane are said to be *holomorphic on* `{{nowrap|<math>\Omega</math>.}}`{=mediawiki} In the context of complex analysis, the derivative of $f$ at $z_0$... | 544 | Complex analysis | 2 |
5,759 | # Complex analysis
## Major results {#major_results}
One of the central tools in complex analysis is the line integral. The line integral around a closed path of a function that is holomorphic everywhere inside the area bounded by the closed path is always zero, as is stated by the Cauchy integral theorem. The values... | 494 | Complex analysis | 3 |
5,776 | # Caving
**Caving**, also known as **spelunking** (United States and Canada) and **potholing** (United Kingdom and Ireland), is the recreational pastime of exploring wild cave systems (as distinguished from show caves). In contrast, speleology is the scientific study of caves and the cave environment.
The challenges ... | 657 | Caving | 0 |
5,776 | # Caving
## History
In the mid-19th century, John Birkbeck explored potholes in England, notably Gaping Gill in 1842 and Alum Pot in 1847--8, returning there in the 1870s. In the mid-1880s, Herbert E. Balch began exploring Wookey Hole Caves and in the 1890s, Balch was introduced to the caves of the Mendip Hills. One ... | 457 | Caving | 1 |
5,776 | # Caving
## Practice and equipment {#practice_and_equipment}
Hard hats are worn to protect the head from bumps and falling rocks. The caver\'s primary light source is usually mounted on the helmet in order to keep the hands free. Electric LED lights are most common. Many cavers carry two or more sources of light -- o... | 470 | Caving | 2 |
5,776 | # Caving
## Safety
`{{See also|Cave rescue}}`{=mediawiki} Caves can be dangerous places; hypothermia, falling, flooding, falling rocks and physical exhaustion are the main risks. Rescuing people from underground is difficult and time-consuming, and requires special skills, training, and equipment. Full-scale cave res... | 624 | Caving | 3 |
5,776 | # Caving
## Cave conservation {#cave_conservation}
Many cave environments are very fragile. Many speleothems can be damaged by even the slightest touch and some by impacts as slight as a breath. Research suggests that increased carbon dioxide levels can lead to \"a higher equilibrium concentration of calcium within t... | 514 | Caving | 4 |
5,776 | # Caving
## Caving organizations {#caving_organizations}
Cavers in many countries have created organizations for the administration and oversight of caving activities within their nations. The oldest of these is the French Federation of Speleology (originally Société de spéléologie) founded by Édouard-Alfred Martel i... | 152 | Caving | 5 |
5,785 | # Crime
In ordinary language, a **crime** is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other authority. The term *crime* does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition, though statutory definitions have been provided for certain purposes. The most popular view is that crime is a c... | 299 | Crime | 0 |
5,785 | # Crime
## Definition
The exact definition of crime is a philosophical issue without an agreed upon answer. Fields such as law, politics, sociology, and psychology define crime in different ways. Crimes may be variously considered as wrongs against individuals, against the community, or against the state. The crimina... | 349 | Crime | 1 |
5,785 | # Crime
## History
### Early history {#early_history}
Restrictions on behavior existed in all prehistoric societies. Crime in early human society was seen as a personal transgression and was addressed by the community as a whole rather than through a formal legal system, often through the use of custom, religion, or... | 637 | Crime | 2 |
5,785 | # Crime
## Criminal law {#criminal_law}
Virtually all countries in the 21st century have criminal law grounded in civil law, common law, Islamic law, or socialist law. Historically, criminal codes have often divided criminals by class or caste, prescribing different penalties depending on status. In some tribal socie... | 338 | Crime | 3 |
5,785 | # Crime
## Types
### White-collar crime {#white_collar_crime}
White-collar crime refers to financially motivated, nonviolent or non-directly violent crime committed by individuals, businesses and government professionals. The crimes are believed to be committed by middle- or upper-class individuals for financial gai... | 633 | Crime | 4 |
5,785 | # Crime
## Participants
### Criminal
A criminal is an individual who commits a crime. What constitutes a criminal can vary depending on the context and the law, and it often carries a pejorative connotation. Criminals are often seen as embodying certain stereotypes or traits and are seen as a distinct type of person... | 411 | Crime | 5 |
5,785 | # Crime
## Crime statistics {#crime_statistics}
Information and statistics about crime in a given jurisdiction are collected as crime estimates, typically produced by national or international agencies. Methods to collect crime statistics may vary, even between jurisdictions within the same nation. Under-reporting of... | 742 | Crime | 6 |
5,785 | # Crime
## Criminal justice {#criminal_justice}
### Corrections and punishment {#corrections_and_punishment}
Authorities may respond to crime through corrections, carrying out punishment as a means to censure the criminal act. Punishment is generally reserved for serious offenses. Individuals regularly engage in acti... | 374 | Crime | 7 |
5,785 | # Crime
## Causes and correlates {#causes_and_correlates}
Criminal behavior determinants include cost--benefit analysis, opportunity or crime of passion. A person that commits a criminal act typically believes that its benefits will outweigh the risk of being caught and punished. Negative economic factors, such as un... | 237 | Crime | 8 |
5,794 | # Central tendency
In statistics, a **central tendency** (or **measure of central tendency**) is a central or typical value for a probability distribution.
Colloquially, measures of central tendency are often called *averages.* The term *central tendency* dates from the late 1920s.
The most common measures of centra... | 643 | Central tendency | 0 |
5,794 | # Central tendency
## Solutions to variational problems {#solutions_to_variational_problems}
Several measures of central tendency can be characterized as solving a variational problem, in the sense of the calculus of variations, namely minimizing variation from the center. That is, given a measure of statistical disp... | 772 | Central tendency | 1 |
5,794 | # Central tendency
## Relationships between the mean, median and mode {#relationships_between_the_mean_median_and_mode}
For unimodal distributions the following bounds are known and are sharp:
: $\frac{| \theta - \mu |}{ \sigma } \le \sqrt{ 3 } ,$
```{=html}
<!-- -->
```
: $\frac{| \nu - \mu |}{ \sigma } \le \... | 102 | Central tendency | 2 |
5,796 | # Celebrity
**Celebrity** is a condition of fame and broad public recognition of a person or group due to the attention given to them by mass media. The word is also used to refer to famous individuals. A person may attain celebrity status by having great wealth, participation in sports or the entertainment industry, ... | 1,115 | Celebrity | 0 |
5,796 | # Celebrity
## Wealth
### *Forbes* Celebrity 100 {#forbes_celebrity_100}
*Forbes* magazine releases an annual *Forbes* Celebrity 100 list of the highest-paid celebrities in the world. The total earnings for all top celebrity 100 earners totaled \$4.5 billion in 2010 alone.
For instance, *Forbes* ranked media mogul ... | 752 | Celebrity | 1 |
5,796 | # Celebrity
## Famous for being famous {#famous_for_being_famous}
*Famous for being famous*, in popular culture terminology, refers to someone who attains celebrity status for no particular identifiable reason, or who achieves fame through association with a celebrity. The term is a pejorative, suggesting the target ... | 431 | Celebrity | 2 |
5,796 | # Celebrity
## Internet
Also known as being *internet famous*.
### Social networking and video hosting {#social_networking_and_video_hosting}
Most high-profile celebrities participate in social networking services and photo or video hosting platforms such as YouTube, Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, and Snapchat. Soci... | 717 | Celebrity | 3 |
5,797 | # Cluster sampling
thumb\|upright=1.3\|Cluster sampling. A group of twelve people are divided into pairs, and two pairs are then selected at random. In statistics, **cluster sampling** is a sampling plan used when mutually homogeneous yet internally heterogeneous groupings are evident in a statistical population. It i... | 627 | Cluster sampling | 0 |
5,797 | # Cluster sampling
## Applications of cluster sampling {#applications_of_cluster_sampling}
An example of cluster sampling is area sampling or geographical cluster sampling. Each cluster is a geographical area in an area sampling frame. Because a geographically dispersed population can be expensive to survey, greater ... | 377 | Cluster sampling | 1 |
5,797 | # Cluster sampling
## Advantages
- Can be cheaper than other sampling plans -- e.g. fewer travel expenses, and administration cost.
- Feasibility: This sampling plan takes large populations into account. Since these groups are so small, deploying any other sampling plan would be very costly.
- Economy: The regu... | 353 | Cluster sampling | 2 |
5,797 | # Cluster sampling
## More on cluster sampling {#more_on_cluster_sampling}
### Two-stage cluster sampling {#two_stage_cluster_sampling}
Two-stage cluster sampling, a simple case of multistage sampling, is obtained by selecting cluster samples in the first stage and then selecting a sample of elements from every samp... | 605 | Cluster sampling | 3 |
5,808 | # Casey at the Bat
\"**Casey at the Bat: A Ballad of the Republic, Sung in the Year 1888**\" is a mock-heroic poem written in 1888 by Ernest Thayer. It was first published in *The San Francisco Examiner* (then called *The Daily Examiner*) on June 3, 1888, under the pen name \"Phin\", based on Thayer\'s college nicknam... | 690 | Casey at the Bat | 0 |
5,808 | # Casey at the Bat
## Live performances {#live_performances}
left\|thumb\|upright=1.1\|1909 theatrical poster with DeWolf Hopper in A Matinee Idol DeWolf Hopper gave the poem\'s first stage recitation on August 14, 1888, at New York\'s Wallack Theatre as part of the comic opera *Prinz Methusalem* in the presence of t... | 381 | Casey at the Bat | 1 |
5,808 | # Casey at the Bat
## Recordings
The first recorded version of \"Casey at the Bat\" was made by Russell Hunting, speaking in a broad Irish accent, in 1893; an [1898 cylinder recording of the text made for the Columbia Graphophone label by Hunting](http://cylinders.library.ucsb.edu/search.php?queryType=@attr+1=1020&nu... | 532 | Casey at the Bat | 2 |
5,808 | # Casey at the Bat
## Adaptations
The poem has been adapted to diverse types of media:
### Books
- Ralph Andreano\'s 1965 book, *No Joy in Mudville*, laments the death of heroes in modern baseball.
- In the book *Faithful* by Steward O\'Nan and Stephen King, describing the 2004 season of the Boston Red Sox, a c... | 919 | Casey at the Bat | 3 |
5,808 | # Casey at the Bat
## Adaptations
### Theatre
- \"Casey at the Bat\" was adapted into a 1953 opera by American composer William Schuman.
- An orchestral adaptation by composer Frank Proto has been recorded by the Cincinnati Pops orchestra conducted by Erich Kunzel with baseball star Johnny Bench narrating.
- Th... | 73 | Casey at the Bat | 4 |
5,808 | # Casey at the Bat
## Derivations
For a relatively short poem apparently dashed off quickly (and denied by its author for years), \"Casey at the Bat\" had a profound effect on American popular culture. It has been recited, re-enacted, adapted, dissected, parodied, and subjected to just about every other treatment one... | 1,444 | Casey at the Bat | 5 |
5,808 | # Casey at the Bat
## Derivations
### Names
Casey Stengel describes in his autobiography how his original nickname \"K.C.\" (for his hometown, Kansas City, Missouri) evolved into \"Casey\". It was influenced not just by the name of the poem, which was widely popular in the 1910s, but also because he tended to strike ... | 69 | Casey at the Bat | 6 |
5,808 | # Casey at the Bat
## Contemporary culture {#contemporary_culture}
`{{In popular culture|date=May 2021}}`{=mediawiki}
### Video games {#video_games}
- The poem is referenced in the Super Nintendo Entertainment System game *EarthBound*, where a weapon is named the Casey Bat, which is the strongest weapon in the ga... | 409 | Casey at the Bat | 7 |
5,814 | # Chinese dominoes
**Chinese dominoes** are used in several tile-based games, namely, tien gow, pai gow, tiu u and kap tai shap. In Cantonese they are called `{{zh|cy=gwāt pái|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki} (`{{zh|c=骨牌|labels=no}}`{=mediawiki}), which literally means \"bone tiles\"; it is also the name of a northern Chinese... | 507 | Chinese dominoes | 0 |
5,814 | # Chinese dominoes
## Deck composition and ranking {#deck_composition_and_ranking}
Civil suit (文子)
------------------- ------------------------------------------------ -----
Rank Roll / Domino
1 (high) ... | 748 | Chinese dominoes | 1 |
5,814 | # Chinese dominoes
## Deck composition and ranking {#deck_composition_and_ranking}
### Variants
<File:挖花牌.JPG%7CHalf> of a Digging Flowers set. The other half is identical. <File:골패> 骨牌 삼재도 三才圖.jpg\|Dominoes from Korea
There are also sets with where the tiles have Xiangqi characters next to the pips. As Xiangqi also... | 697 | Chinese dominoes | 2 |
5,828 | # Cryptozoology
**Cryptozoology** is a pseudoscience and subculture that searches for and studies unknown, legendary, or extinct animals whose present existence is disputed or unsubstantiated, particularly those popular in folklore, such as Bigfoot, the Loch Ness Monster, Yeti, the chupacabra, the Jersey Devil, or the... | 1,077 | Cryptozoology | 0 |
5,828 | # Cryptozoology
## Terminology, history, and approach {#terminology_history_and_approach}
### Young Earth creationism {#young_earth_creationism}
A subset of cryptozoology promotes the pseudoscience of Young Earth creationism, rejecting conventional science in favor of a literal Biblical interpretation and promoting c... | 389 | Cryptozoology | 1 |
5,828 | # Cryptozoology
## Reception and pseudoscience {#reception_and_pseudoscience}
There is a broad consensus among academics that cryptozoology is a pseudoscience. The subculture is regularly criticized for reliance on anecdotal information and because in the course of investigating animals that most scientists believe a... | 1,128 | Cryptozoology | 2 |
5,828 | # Cryptozoology
## Organizations
There have been several organizations, of varying types, dedicated or related to cryptozoology. These include:
- International Fortean Organization -- a network of professional Fortean researchers and writers based in the United States
- International Society of Cryptozoology -- ... | 219 | Cryptozoology | 3 |
5,836 | # Geography of Colombia
The Republic of Colombia is situated largely in the north-west of South America, with some territories falling within the boundaries of Central America. It is bordered to the north-west by Panama; to the east by Brazil and Venezuela; to the south by Ecuador and Peru; and it shares maritime limi... | 595 | Geography of Colombia | 0 |
5,836 | # Geography of Colombia
## Main
### Andean region {#andean_region}
Near the Ecuadorian frontier, the Andes Mountains divide into three distinct, roughly parallel chains, called cordilleras, that extend northeastward almost to the Caribbean Sea. Altitudes reach more than 18700 ft, and mountain peaks are permanently co... | 710 | Geography of Colombia | 1 |
5,836 | # Geography of Colombia
## Main
### Caribbean region {#caribbean_region}
The Caribbean lowlands consist of all of Colombia north of an imaginary line extending northeastward from the Golfo de Urabá to the Venezuelan frontier at the northern extremity of the Cordillera Oriental. The semiarid Guajira Peninsula and Guaj... | 554 | Geography of Colombia | 2 |
5,836 | # Geography of Colombia
## Main
### Pacific region {#pacific_region}
The western third of the country is the most geographically complex. Starting at the shore of the Pacific Ocean in the west and moving eastward at a latitude of 5 degrees north, a diverse sequence of features is encountered. In the extreme west are ... | 739 | Geography of Colombia | 3 |
5,836 | # Geography of Colombia
## Climate
The striking variety in temperature and precipitation results principally from differences in elevation. Temperatures range from very hot at sea level to relatively cold at higher elevations but vary little with the season. At Bogotá, for example, the average annual temperature is 1... | 853 | Geography of Colombia | 4 |
5,836 | # Geography of Colombia
## Vegetation
Altitude affects not only temperature, but also vegetation. In fact, altitude is one of the most important influences on vegetation patterns in Colombia. The mountainous parts of the country can be divided into several vegetation zones according to altitude, although the altitude... | 534 | Geography of Colombia | 5 |
5,836 | # Geography of Colombia
## Environmental issues {#environmental_issues}
The main environmental issues affecting Colombia are deforestation; soil and water quality damage from overuse of pesticides; air pollution, especially in Bogota, from vehicle emissions and other main cities. The collateral damaged produced by at... | 401 | Geography of Colombia | 6 |
5,838 | # Politics of Colombia
Colombia is a presidential representative democratic republic with a multi-party system, where the President of Colombia is both head of state and head of government. The national government has separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The legislative power is held by the two cham... | 483 | Politics of Colombia | 0 |
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