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9,333 | # Ethan Allen
## Family
Allen\'s widow Fanny gave birth to a son, Ethan Alphonso, on October 24, 1789. She eventually remarried. Allen\'s two youngest sons went on to graduate from West Point and serve in the United States Army. H. M. Allen was the seventh graduate, a member of the Class of 1804, and served until 181... | 843 | Ethan Allen | 11 |
9,333 | # Ethan Allen
## Publications
Allen is known to have written the following publications:
- The 1779 edition of Allen\'s *Narrative*.
- An 1849 edition of Allen\'s *Narrative*.
- A 2000 edition of Allen\'s *Narrative* available at [Amazon](https://www.amazon.com/dp/1583900098) in March 2009
-
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-
... | 72 | Ethan Allen | 12 |
9,336 | # Geography of Ecuador
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9,338 | # Politics of Ecuador
The **politics of Ecuador** are multi-party. The central government polity is a quadrennially elected presidential, unicameral representative democracy. The President of Ecuador is head of state and head of the army on a multi-party system, and leads a cabinet with further executive power. Legisl... | 424 | Politics of Ecuador | 0 |
9,338 | # Politics of Ecuador
## Judicial branch {#judicial_branch}
### The former Supreme Court of Ecuador {#the_former_supreme_court_of_ecuador}
New justices of the Supreme Court of Ecuador were elected by the sitting members of the court. A bare majority of Congress, acting in a special session called by former President... | 1,149 | Politics of Ecuador | 1 |
9,338 | # Politics of Ecuador
## Judicial branch {#judicial_branch}
### Constitutional Court of Ecuador {#constitutional_court_of_ecuador}
The Constitutional Court of Ecuador does not exercise legal revision, but rather constitutional control of situations where constitutional rights are violated. Also they are the sole body... | 108 | Politics of Ecuador | 2 |
9,338 | # Politics of Ecuador
## Executive branch {#executive_branch}
### Structure
The executive branch includes 28 ministries. Provincial governors and councilors, like mayors, aldermen and parish boards, are directly elected. Congress meets throughout the year except for recess in July and December. There are 20 seven-me... | 401 | Politics of Ecuador | 3 |
9,338 | # Politics of Ecuador
## Legislative branch {#legislative_branch}
Ecuador has a unicameral National Assembly (*Asamblea Nacional* in Spanish), and it has 137 primary (seat-holding) members (all of whom are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms). It is based on provincial constituencies, but it also has mem... | 265 | Politics of Ecuador | 4 |
9,340 | # Telecommunications in Ecuador
**Telecommunications in Ecuador** include telephone, radio, television, and the Internet.
Ecuador\'s state regulatory agency is the National Telecommunications Council (CONATEL), which is part of the Telecommunications Ministry (MINTEL).
## Telephones
- Fixed lines: 2.2 million lin... | 295 | Telecommunications in Ecuador | 0 |
9,340 | # Telecommunications in Ecuador
## Internet
- Internet hosts: 170,538 (2012).
- Internet users: 5.3 million, 56th in the world (2012); 35.1% of the population, 119th in the world.
- Fixed broadband: 825,732 subscribers, 59th in the world; 5.4 of population, 102nd in the world (2012).
- Mobile broadband: 3.4 m... | 753 | Telecommunications in Ecuador | 1 |
9,342 | # Armed Forces of Ecuador
The **Ecuadorian Armed Forces** (*Fuerzas Armadas del Ecuador*) is the national military force of Ecuador. The commander-in-chief is the President of Ecuador. The military is generally under civilian control, specifically the Ministry of National Defence. The Ecuadorian military of Ecuador ha... | 390 | Armed Forces of Ecuador | 0 |
9,342 | # Armed Forces of Ecuador
## History
Ecuador\'s military history dates far back to its first attempt to secure freedom from Spain in 1811. In 1822 Ecuadorian troops, alongside other rebel forces, scored a decisive victory over the Spanish royalist army at the Battle of Pichincha. Although assisted by Peruvian troops,... | 664 | Armed Forces of Ecuador | 1 |
9,342 | # Armed Forces of Ecuador
## Command structure {#command_structure}
- **The Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces** (*Comandante en Jefe de las Fuerzas Armadas*) is the President of the Republic. He exercises the political leadership of security and national defence and counts on the advice of the National Securit... | 328 | Armed Forces of Ecuador | 2 |
9,342 | # Armed Forces of Ecuador
## Branches
### Joint Command {#joint_command}
The command is in charge of the administration and coordination of the three military branches. The objectives of the command are to integrate the military branches with joint capabilities and interoperability, to address changes and new scenar... | 596 | Armed Forces of Ecuador | 3 |
9,348 | # Geography of Egypt
27 00 N 30 00 E type:country display=title The **geography of Egypt** relates to two regions: North Africa and West Asia.
Egypt has coastlines on the Mediterranean Sea, the River Nile, and the Red Sea. Egypt borders Libya to the west, Palestine and Israel to the east and Sudan to the south (with ... | 455 | Geography of Egypt | 0 |
9,348 | # Geography of Egypt
## Natural regions {#natural_regions}
### Nile Valley and Delta {#nile_valley_and_delta}
*Main article: Nile, Nile Delta*`{{No sources|section|date=May 2025|find=Egypt geography nile|find2=Nile delta}}`{=mediawiki} The Nile Valley and Delta, the most extensive oasis on earth, was created by the w... | 1,139 | Geography of Egypt | 1 |
9,348 | # Geography of Egypt
## Natural regions {#natural_regions}
### Western Desert {#western_desert}
The Western Desert covers an area of some 700,000 km^2^, thereby accounting for around two-thirds of Egypt\'s total land area. This immense desert to the west of the Nile spans the area from the Mediterranean Sea southwar... | 424 | Geography of Egypt | 2 |
9,348 | # Geography of Egypt
## Natural regions {#natural_regions}
### Eastern Desert {#eastern_desert}
*Main article: Eastern Desert*
The topographic features of the desert region east of the Nile differ from those to the west of the Nile. The Eastern Desert is relatively mountainous. The elevation rises abruptly from the ... | 604 | Geography of Egypt | 3 |
9,348 | # Geography of Egypt
## Extreme points {#extreme_points}
This is a list of the extreme points of Egypt, the points that are farther north, south, east or west than any other location.
- Northernmost point -- unnamed headland immediately north-west of Sidi Barrani, Matruh Governorate
- Easternmost point -- Ras Ha... | 178 | Geography of Egypt | 4 |
9,352 | # Telecommunications in Egypt
Egypt has long been the cultural and informational centre of the Middle East and North Africa, and Cairo is the region\'s largest publishing and broadcasting centre.
The telecommunications segment has benefited from effective competition and progressive government policies aimed at compr... | 792 | Telecommunications in Egypt | 0 |
9,352 | # Telecommunications in Egypt
## Telecommunication in Egypt {#telecommunication_in_egypt}
### Radio
: *See also Egyptian Radio and Television Union & List of radio stations in Egypt*
The first radio service in Egypt began in 1925. It is almost all government controlled, using 44 short-wave frequencies, 18 medium-... | 726 | Telecommunications in Egypt | 1 |
9,353 | # Transport in Egypt
**Transport in Egypt** is centered in Cairo and largely follows the pattern of settlement along the Nile. The Ministry of Transportation and other government bodies are responsible for transportation in Egypt, whether by sea, river, land or air.
With regards to rail, air and waterway travel, the ... | 758 | Transport in Egypt | 0 |
9,353 | # Transport in Egypt
## Waterways
### Suez Canal {#suez_canal}
The Suez Canal is a critical maritime corridor connecting the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, facilitating global trade since its completion in 1869. Built under the direction of Ferdinand de Lesseps, it established a direct shipping route between Europ... | 152 | Transport in Egypt | 1 |
9,353 | # Transport in Egypt
## Pipelines
As of 2018, Egypt\'s pipeline infrastructure includes 486 km of condensate pipelines, 74 km of condensate/gas pipelines, and an extensive 7,986 km network for natural gas. The country also operates 957 km of liquid petroleum gas pipelines, 5,225 km for crude oil, and 37 km designated... | 385 | Transport in Egypt | 2 |
9,358 | # Geography of El Salvador
El Salvador is a country in Central America. Situated at the meeting point of three tectonic plates, it is highly seismologically active and the location of numerous earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. The country has a tropical climate.`{{Infobox country geography
| name = El ... | 479 | Geography of El Salvador | 0 |
9,358 | # Geography of El Salvador
## Physical features {#physical_features}
<File:Panorámica> Volcán Izalco - panoramio.jpg\|View of Izalco (volcano) and Santa Ana Volcano from Cerro Verde
<File:Cerro> verde.jpg\|View of Cerro Verde, Izalco (volcano) and Coatepeque Caldera from Santa Ana Volcano
<File:San_Salvador_Panoram... | 644 | Geography of El Salvador | 1 |
9,358 | # Geography of El Salvador
## Climate
<File:Playa> de Corral de Mulas, Usulután, El Salvador - panoramio.jpg\|Corral de Mulas beach, Usulutan
<File:Playa> Los Cóbanos, El Salvador 000 0025.jpg\|Los Cobanos beach in Sonsonate
<File:2010.05.05.071335> Coco Bar El Sunzal El Salvador.jpg\|Sunzal beach, La Libertad, La ... | 717 | Geography of El Salvador | 2 |
9,362 | # Telecommunications in El Salvador
**Telecommunications in El Salvador** include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet, centered primarily around the capital, San Salvador.
## Radio and television {#radio_and_television}
- Radio stations: Hundreds of commercial radio broadcast stations ... | 313 | Telecommunications in El Salvador | 0 |
9,362 | # Telecommunications in El Salvador
## Internet
- Top-level domain: .sv
- Internet users: 3.8 million users, 59.4% of the population (2019).
- Fixed broadband: 235,403 subscriptions, 81st in the world; 3.9% of the population, 111th in the world (2012).
- Wireless broadband: 335,716, 104th in the world; 5.5% o... | 500 | Telecommunications in El Salvador | 1 |
9,363 | # Transport in El Salvador
El Salvador has transport links by road, rail, sea and air.
El Salvador has over 10,000 km of roads, and one passenger rail service. There are several seaports on the Pacific Ocean, and two international airports.
## Railways
A weekday passenger service links San Salvador and Apopa, a jou... | 344 | Transport in El Salvador | 0 |
9,367 | # History of Equatorial Guinea
The **History of Equatorial Guinea** is marked by centuries of colonial domination by the Portuguese, British and Spanish colonial empires, and by the local kingdoms.
## Pre-colonial history {#pre_colonial_history}
The first inhabitants of the region that is now Equatorial Guinea are b... | 412 | History of Equatorial Guinea | 0 |
9,367 | # History of Equatorial Guinea
## Colonial era {#colonial_era}
### Spanish colonial territory (1778--1968) {#spanish_colonial_territory_17781968}
*Main article: Spanish Guinea*
At the beginning of the 20th century, the plantations of Fernando Po were largely in the hands of a black Creole elite, later known as Ferna... | 1,051 | History of Equatorial Guinea | 1 |
9,367 | # History of Equatorial Guinea
## Colonial era {#colonial_era}
### Provincialisation and decolonisation {#provincialisation_and_decolonisation}
The post-war political history of the colony can be divided into three fairly distinct phases:
1. up to 1959, when its status was raised from \'colony\' to \'province\', ta... | 392 | History of Equatorial Guinea | 2 |
9,367 | # History of Equatorial Guinea
## Independence and Macias government (1968--1979) {#independence_and_macias_government_19681979}
In March 1968, under pressure from Equatoguinean nationalists and the United Nations, Spain announced that it would grant independence to Equatorial Guinea. A constitutional convention prod... | 522 | History of Equatorial Guinea | 3 |
9,367 | # History of Equatorial Guinea
## Obiang government (1979--present) {#obiang_government_1979present}
Although President Obiang signed a national anti-torture decree in 2006 to ban all forms of abuse and improper treatment in Equatorial Guinea and commissioned the renovation and modernization of Black Beach prison in ... | 368 | History of Equatorial Guinea | 4 |
9,368 | # Geography of Equatorial Guinea
The Republic of **Equatorial Guinea** is located in west central Africa. Bioko Island lies about 40 km from Cameroon. Annobón Island lies about 595 km southwest of Bioko Island. The larger continental region of Río Muni lies between Cameroon and Gabon on the mainland; it includes the i... | 761 | Geography of Equatorial Guinea | 0 |
9,370 | # Politics of Equatorial Guinea
The **politics of Equatorial Guinea** take place under an authoritarian regime where power has been centralized under President Teodoro Obiang Nguema since he seized power in a 1979 coup against his uncle, Francisco Macías Nguema. The regime party, Partido democrático de guinea ecuatori... | 1,285 | Politics of Equatorial Guinea | 0 |
9,370 | # Politics of Equatorial Guinea
## Legislative branch {#legislative_branch}
The Chamber of People\'s Representatives (*Cámara de Representantes del Pueblo*) has 100 members, elected for a five-year term by proportional representation in multi-member constituencies. Equatorial Guinea is a dominant-party state. This me... | 645 | Politics of Equatorial Guinea | 1 |
9,372 | # Telecommunications in Equatorial Guinea
**Telecommunications in Equatorial Guinea** include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, and the Internet.
## Radio and television {#radio_and_television}
- Radio stations:
- 1 state-owned radio station, and 1 private radio station owned by the president\'... | 310 | Telecommunications in Equatorial Guinea | 0 |
9,372 | # Telecommunications in Equatorial Guinea
## Internet
- Top-level domain: .gq
- Internet users:
- 95,649 users, 169th in the world; 13.9% of the population, 158th in the world (2012);
- 14,400 users, 200th in the world (2009).
- Fixed broadband: 1,372 subscriptions, 174th in the world; 0.2% of popul... | 316 | Telecommunications in Equatorial Guinea | 1 |
9,373 | # Transport in Equatorial Guinea
This article lists **transport in Equatorial Guinea**.
## Railways
There are currently no railways in Equatorial Guinea.
## Maps
- [1](http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/fullMaps_Af.nsf/luFullMap/7C43B0E43BE341668525711C0063A7F9/$File/govfr_REF_gnq210206.pdf?OpenElement)
## Highways
T... | 315 | Transport in Equatorial Guinea | 0 |
9,374 | # Armed Forces of Equatorial Guinea
The **Armed Forces of Equatorial Guinea** (*Fuerzas Armadas de Guinea Ecuatorial*; *Forces armées de la Guinée équatoriale*; *Forças Armadas da Guiné Equatorial*) consists of approximately 2,500 service members. The army has almost 1,400 soldiers, the navy 200 service members, and t... | 672 | Armed Forces of Equatorial Guinea | 0 |
9,374 | # Armed Forces of Equatorial Guinea
## Higher education and training {#higher_education_and_training}
On 6 November 2016, the Zimbabwe Defence Forces deployed a training contingent to the Equatorial Guinea to train the country\'s military officers on operational and logistic matters following an urgent request by the... | 82 | Armed Forces of Equatorial Guinea | 1 |
9,381 | # Economy of Eritrea
The **economy of Eritrea** has undergone extreme changes after the War of Independence. It experienced considerable growth in recent years, indicated by an improvement in gross domestic product in 2011 of 8.7 percent and in 2012 of 7.5% over 2011, and has a total of \$8.090 billion as of 2020. How... | 449 | Economy of Eritrea | 0 |
9,381 | # Economy of Eritrea
## Industries
### Agriculture, Forestry, and Fishing {#agriculture_forestry_and_fishing}
In 2004, agriculture employed nearly 80 percent of the population but accounted for only 12.4 percent of gross domestic product (GDP) in Eritrea. The agricultural sector has improved with the use of modern f... | 917 | Economy of Eritrea | 1 |
9,381 | # Economy of Eritrea
## Industries
### Tourism
Eritrea\'s lack of access to funds, the presence of large numbers of land mines, and the continued tensions that flare up between Eritrea and Ethiopia have deterred the development of a tourist industry in Eritrea. According to the World Tourism Organization, internation... | 163 | Economy of Eritrea | 2 |
9,381 | # Economy of Eritrea
## Currency, exchange rate, and inflation {#currency_exchange_rate_and_inflation}
The official currency is the Eritrean nakfa (ERN), introduced in November 1997. In early 2005, likely in an effort to increase foreign capital reserves, the Eritrean government decreed that all transactions in Eritr... | 488 | Economy of Eritrea | 3 |
9,382 | # Telecommunications in Eritrea
**Telecommunications in Eritrea** are under the authority of the Government of Eritrea.
## Infrastructure
The Eritrea Telecommunication Services Corporation, more commonly known as *EriTel*, is the sole operator of both landline and mobile telephone communication infrastructure in Eri... | 401 | Telecommunications in Eritrea | 0 |
9,383 | # Transport in Eritrea
**Transport in Eritrea** includes highways, airports and seaports, in addition to various forms of public and private vehicular, maritime and aerial transportation.
## Railways
As of 1999, there was a total of 317 kilometres of `{{RailGauge|950mm}}`{=mediawiki} (narrow gauge) rail line in Erit... | 578 | Transport in Eritrea | 0 |
9,388 | # Geography of Estonia
Between 57.3 and 59.5 latitude and 21.5 and 28.1 longitude, Estonia lies on the eastern coast of the Baltic Sea on the level northwestern part of the rising East European Platform. Estonia\'s continental mainland is bordered to the north by the Gulf of Finland (part of the Baltic Sea) across fro... | 639 | Geography of Estonia | 0 |
9,388 | # Geography of Estonia
## Flora
## Environmental issues {#environmental_issues}
One of the most burdensome legacies of the 1944--1991 Soviet occupation of Estonia is widespread environmental pollution. The worst offender in this regard was the Soviet army. Across military installations covering more than 800 km2 of ... | 519 | Geography of Estonia | 1 |
9,390 | # Politics of Estonia
**Politics in Estonia** takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Prime Minister of Estonia is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Legislative power is vested in the Estonian parliament. Executive power is exercised by the gover... | 366 | Politics of Estonia | 0 |
9,390 | # Politics of Estonia
## History
### Recent political developments {#recent_political_developments}
The leader of the Reform Party Andrus Ansip was the Prime Minister of Estonia from 2005 until 2014. By the end of his nine-year tenure he was the longest-serving prime minister in the European Union. In August 2011, Pr... | 451 | Politics of Estonia | 1 |
9,390 | # Politics of Estonia
## Institutions
The framework for the political institutions of Estonia is provided by the Constitution of Estonia (*Eesti Vabariigi põhiseadus*). The constitution follows the principle of separation of powers. Legislative power is wielded by the Parliament, executive power by the Government and... | 1,120 | Politics of Estonia | 2 |
9,390 | # Politics of Estonia
## Institutions
### National Audit Office {#national_audit_office}
The National Audit Office (*Riigikontroll*) is an independent public body that carries out audits concerning public spending and assets, including the use of European Union funds. It mainly reports to the Parliament, but can and ... | 1,048 | Politics of Estonia | 3 |
9,390 | # Politics of Estonia
## Policies
Mandate to implement policies is attained through elections. Political parties determine their program based on their platform and the input of members. Parties that get elected to a position of authority then have a chance to deliberate with other elected parties to decide which pol... | 748 | Politics of Estonia | 4 |
9,390 | # Politics of Estonia
## Policies
### Foreign relations and international treaties {#foreign_relations_and_international_treaties}
Foreign relations are managed mainly by the Parliament, the Government of the Republic (including various ministries) and the President of the Republic, who mostly serves a representative... | 401 | Politics of Estonia | 5 |
9,390 | # Politics of Estonia
## Policies
### National defence {#national_defence}
Estonia\'s national defence is based on initial self-defence capability and membership in NATO. Estonia\'s security policy utilizes a broad concept of security, similar to the concept of total defence in several Nordic countries, in which all ... | 279 | Politics of Estonia | 6 |
9,392 | # Telecommunications in Estonia
The National Telecommunications act in the second period of Estonian independence granted a monopoly on international and local fixed line telephony to Estonian Telecom (Eesti Telecom). In the process of privatization, a concession was granted to liberalize mobile, CATV and packet-switc... | 246 | Telecommunications in Estonia | 0 |
9,393 | # Transport in Estonia
**Transport in Estonia** relies mainly on road and rail networks.
## Roads
- Total: 57,565 km (including 16,465 km of national roads)
- Paved: 12,926 km (including 99 km of limited-access roads)
### National roads {#national_roads}
National roads form the core of Estonian road network. T... | 653 | Transport in Estonia | 0 |
9,393 | # Transport in Estonia
## Light rail {#light_rail}
There has been a growing tram network in Tallinn, Estonia since 1888, when traffic was started by horse-powered trams. The first line was electrified on October 28, 1925. The first electric trams were built by Dvigatel, Ltd., in Tallinn before World War II and for so... | 414 | Transport in Estonia | 1 |
9,400 | # Demographics of Ethiopia
The **demographics of Ethiopia** encompass the demographic features of inhabitants in Ethiopia, including ethnicity, languages, population density, education level, health, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population. The Official Ethiopian Statistics Services... | 854 | Demographics of Ethiopia | 0 |
9,400 | # Demographics of Ethiopia
## Vital statistics {#vital_statistics}
Registration of vital events in Ethiopia is incomplete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates:
Year Population (thousands) Live births (thousands) Deaths (thousands) Natural change (thousands) CB... | 1,206 | Demographics of Ethiopia | 1 |
9,400 | # Demographics of Ethiopia
## Vital statistics {#vital_statistics}
### Demographic and Health Surveys {#demographic_and_health_surveys}
Crude Birth Rate (CBR), Total Fertility Rate (TFR) and Wanted Fertility Rate (WFR):
year crude birth rate (CBR)
------- ------------------------ ------- -------
... | 138 | Demographics of Ethiopia | 2 |
9,400 | # Demographics of Ethiopia
## Ethnic groups {#ethnic_groups}
Ethiopia\'s population is highly diverse, containing over 80 different ethnic groups, the four largest of which are the Oromo, Amhara, Somali and Tigrayans. According to the Ethiopian national census of 2007, the Oromo are the largest ethnic group in Ethiop... | 445 | Demographics of Ethiopia | 3 |
9,401 | # Politics of Ethiopia
The **politics of Ethiopia** are the activities associated with the governance of Ethiopia. The government is structured as a federal parliamentary republic with both a President and Prime Minister. The legislature is multicameral, with a house of representatives and a council. The term **politi... | 382 | Politics of Ethiopia | 0 |
9,401 | # Politics of Ethiopia
## Recent history {#recent_history}
In May 1991, a coalition of rebel forces under the name Tigrayan People\'s Liberation Front (TPLF) overthrew the dictatorship of President Mengistu Haile Mariam. In July 1991, the TPLF, the Oromo Liberation Front (OLF), the Ogaden National Liberation Front, W... | 682 | Politics of Ethiopia | 1 |
9,401 | # Politics of Ethiopia
## Political parties and elections {#political_parties_and_elections}
In the 2015 general election, Opposition parties lost the only seat which they still held in the House of Peoples\' Representatives. The Ethiopian People\'s Revolutionary Democratic Front and its allies won all 547 seats.
Po... | 826 | Politics of Ethiopia | 2 |
9,401 | # Politics of Ethiopia
## International organization participation {#international_organization_participation}
ACP, AfDB, ECA, FAO, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), ISO, ITU, NAM, OAU, OPCW, United Nations, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, ... | 207 | Politics of Ethiopia | 3 |
9,403 | # Telecommunications in Ethiopia
**Telecommunications in Ethiopia** is a monopoly in the control of Ethio telecom, formerly the Ethiopian Telecommunications Corporation (ETC). As of 2012, 20.524 million cellular phones and 797,500 main line phones were in use.
## Overview
The telephone system in Ethiopia consists of... | 345 | Telecommunications in Ethiopia | 0 |
9,403 | # Telecommunications in Ethiopia
## Current status {#current_status}
According to the ETC, the average rural inhabitant of Ethiopia has to walk 30 kilometers to the nearest phone. The ETC announced 7 September 2006 a program to improve national coverage, and reduce the average distance to 5 kilometers.
Since 2008 CD... | 346 | Telecommunications in Ethiopia | 1 |
9,404 | # Transport in Ethiopia
**Transport in Ethiopia** is overseen by the Ministry of Transport and Communications. Over the last years, the Ethiopian federal authorities have significantly increased funding for rail and road construction to build an infrastructure, that allows better economic development.
## Railways
th... | 378 | Transport in Ethiopia | 0 |
9,404 | # Transport in Ethiopia
## Roads
Road projects now`{{When|date=February 2024}}`{=mediawiki} represent around a quarter of the annual infrastructure budget of the Ethiopian federal government. Additionally, through the Road Sector Development Program (RSDP), the government has earmarked \$4 billion to construct, repai... | 873 | Transport in Ethiopia | 1 |
9,404 | # Transport in Ethiopia
## Airports
As of 2021, Ethiopia has 57 airports, of which 17 have paved runways . The Addis Ababa Airport is the largest airport in Ethiopia and one of Africa\'s biggest and busiest. It is the main hub of Ethiopian Airlines, the national airline that serves destinations in Ethiopia and throug... | 166 | Transport in Ethiopia | 2 |
9,407 | # Europa Island
**Europa Island** (*Île Europa*, `{{IPA|fr|il øʁɔpa|pron}}`{=mediawiki}), in Malagasy **Nosy Ampela** is a 28 km2 low-lying tropical atoll in the Mozambique Channel, about a third of the way from southern Madagascar to southern Mozambique. The island had never been inhabited until 1820, when the French... | 595 | Europa Island | 0 |
9,424 | # Ericsson
(`{{lit|Telephone Stock Company of LM Ericsson}}`{=mediawiki}), commonly known as **Ericsson** (`{{IPA|sv|ˈêːrɪkˌsɔn|-|LL-Q9027 (swe)-Moonhouse-Ericsson.wav}}`{=mediawiki}), is a Swedish multinational networking and telecommunications company headquartered in Stockholm, Sweden. Ericsson has been a major con... | 856 | Ericsson | 0 |
9,424 | # Ericsson
## History
### Further development {#further_development}
Ericsson introduced the world\'s first fully automatic mobile telephone system, MTA, in 1956. It released one of the world\'s first hands-free speaker telephones in the 1960s. In 1954, it released the Ericofon. Ericsson crossbar switching equipment ... | 814 | Ericsson | 1 |
9,424 | # Ericsson
## History
### Acquisitions and cooperation {#acquisitions_and_cooperation}
Around 2000, companies and governments began to push for standards for mobile Internet. In May 2000, the European Commission created the Wireless Strategic Initiative, a consortium of four telecommunications suppliers in Europe -- ... | 1,275 | Ericsson | 2 |
9,424 | # Ericsson
## Research and development {#research_and_development}
Ericsson has structured its R&D in three levels depending on when products or technologies will be introduced to customers and users.`{{better source needed|date=July 2019}}`{=mediawiki} Its research and development organization is part of \'Group Fun... | 289 | Ericsson | 3 |
9,424 | # Ericsson
## Products and services {#products_and_services}
Ericsson\'s business includes technology research, development, network systems and software development, and running operations for telecom service providers. and software Ericsson offers end-to-end services for all major mobile communication standards, an... | 434 | Ericsson | 4 |
9,424 | # Ericsson
## Divested businesses {#divested_businesses}
Sony Ericsson Mobile Communications AB (Sony Ericsson) was a joint venture with Sony that merged the previous mobile telephone operations of both companies. It manufactured mobile telephones, accessories and personal computer (PC) cards. Sony Ericsson was respo... | 766 | Ericsson | 5 |
9,432 | # The Time in Between
***The Time in Between*** is a novel by Canadian author David Bergen. It deals with a man, who mysteriously returns to Vietnam, where he had been a soldier earlier in his life, followed by his children, who also go to Vietnam to search for him. The novel was the recipient of the Scotiabank Giller... | 574 | The Time in Between | 0 |
9,433 | # Spain in Flames
***Spain in Flames*** is a 1937 compilation film made by Helen van Dongen during the Spanish Civil War. Hal Erickson has written that the film \"\... is remarkable in its willingness to offer both sides of the conflict \-- though its sympathies are firmly with the Loyalists.\" The film consists of tw... | 255 | Spain in Flames | 0 |
9,447 | # Egyptian Lover
**Gregory James Broussard** (born August 31, 1963), better known by his stage name **Egyptian Lover**, is an American musician, vocalist, producer and DJ, and was a part of the L.A. dance music, electro, and rap scene in the early 1980s.
## History
The Egyptian Lover was born in Los Angeles, Califor... | 620 | Egyptian Lover | 0 |
9,450 | # Electrical telegraph
**Electrical telegraphy** is point-to-point distance communicating via sending electric signals over wire, a system primarily used from the 1840s until the late 20th century. It was the first electrical telecommunications system and the most widely used of a number of early messaging systems cal... | 495 | Electrical telegraph | 0 |
9,450 | # Electrical telegraph
## History
### Precursors
Prior to the electric telegraph, visual systems were used, including beacons, smoke signals, flag semaphore, and optical telegraphs for visual signals to communicate over distances of land.
An auditory predecessor was West African talking drums. In the 19th century, ... | 964 | Electrical telegraph | 1 |
9,450 | # Electrical telegraph
## History
### First working systems {#first_working_systems}
The first working telegraph was built by the English inventor Francis Ronalds in 1816 and used static electricity. At the family home on Hammersmith Mall, he set up a complete subterranean system in a 175 yd long trench as well as an... | 902 | Electrical telegraph | 2 |
9,450 | # Electrical telegraph
## Commercial telegraphy {#commercial_telegraphy}
### Cooke and Wheatstone system {#cooke_and_wheatstone_system}
The first commercial electrical telegraph was the Cooke and Wheatstone system. A demonstration four-needle system was installed on the Euston to Camden Town section of Robert Stephe... | 838 | Electrical telegraph | 3 |
9,450 | # Electrical telegraph
## Commercial telegraphy {#commercial_telegraphy}
### Expansion
As well as the rapid expansion of the use of the telegraphs along the railways, they soon spread into the field of mass communication with the instruments being installed in post offices. The era of mass personal communication had ... | 1,473 | Electrical telegraph | 4 |
9,450 | # Electrical telegraph
## Commercial telegraphy {#commercial_telegraphy}
### Oceanic telegraph cables {#oceanic_telegraph_cables}
right\|thumb\|upright=1.51\|Major telegraph lines in 1891 *Main article: Transatlantic telegraph cable, Submarine communications cable* Soon after the first successful telegraph systems we... | 491 | Electrical telegraph | 5 |
9,450 | # Electrical telegraph
## Commercial telegraphy {#commercial_telegraphy}
### Cable and Wireless Company {#cable_and_wireless_company}
thumb\|upright=1.51\|The Eastern Telegraph Company network in 1901 *Main article: Cable & Wireless plc* Cable & Wireless was a British telecommunications company that traced its origin... | 107 | Electrical telegraph | 6 |
9,450 | # Electrical telegraph
## Telegraphy and longitude {#telegraphy_and_longitude}
Main article § Section: `{{Section link|History of longitude|Land surveying and telegraphy}}`{=mediawiki}.
The telegraph was very important for sending time signals to determine longitude, providing greater accuracy than previously availa... | 362 | Electrical telegraph | 7 |
9,450 | # Electrical telegraph
## Telegraphy in war {#telegraphy_in_war}
The ability to send telegrams brought obvious advantages to those conducting war. Secret messages were encoded, so interception alone would not be sufficient for the opposing side to gain an advantage. There were also geographical constraints on interce... | 867 | Electrical telegraph | 8 |
9,450 | # Electrical telegraph
## Telegraphy in war {#telegraphy_in_war}
### Second World War {#second_world_war}
World War II revived the \'cable war\' of 1914--1918. In 1939, German-owned cables across the Atlantic were cut once again, and, in 1940, Italian cables to South America and Spain were cut in retaliation for Ital... | 428 | Electrical telegraph | 9 |
9,457 | # Election
`{{Elections}}`{=mediawiki} `{{politics}}`{=mediawiki}
An **election** is a formal group decision-making process whereby a population chooses an individual or multiple individuals to hold public office.
Elections have been the usual mechanism by which modern representative democracy has operated since the... | 721 | Election | 0 |
9,457 | # Election
## Electorate
### Suffrage
The question of who may vote is a central issue in elections. The electorate does not generally include the entire population; for example, many countries prohibit those who are under the age of majority from voting. All jurisdictions require a minimum age for voting.
In Austra... | 787 | Election | 1 |
9,457 | # Election
## Campaigns
When elections are called, politicians and their supporters attempt to influence policy by competing directly for the votes of constituents in what are called campaigns. Supporters for a campaign can be either formally organized or loosely affiliated, and frequently utilize campaign advertisin... | 504 | Election | 2 |
9,457 | # Election
## Undemocratic or unfair {#undemocratic_or_unfair}
thumb\|upright=1.35\|Buenos Aires 1892: \"The rival voters were kept back by an armed force of police out of sight to others. Only batches of two or three were allowed to enter the polling office at a time. Armed sentries guarded the gates and the doors.\... | 518 | Election | 3 |
9,457 | # Election
## Undemocratic or unfair {#undemocratic_or_unfair}
### Shams
alt=\|thumb\|upright=1.2\|The 2024 Economist Intelligence Unit *Democracy Index* map
A **sham election**, or **show election**, is an election that is held purely for show; that is, without any significant political choice or real impact on the... | 626 | Election | 4 |
9,457 | # Election
## Aristocratic
Some scholars argue that the predominance of elections in modern liberal democracies masks the fact that they are actually aristocratic selection mechanisms that deny each citizen an equal chance of holding public office. Such views were expressed as early as the time of Ancient Greece by A... | 426 | Election | 5 |
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