id int64 39 11.1M | section stringlengths 3 4.51M | length int64 2 49.9k | title stringlengths 1 182 | chunk_id int64 0 68 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
10,701 | # Politics of the Faroe Islands
The **politics of the Faroe Islands**, an autonomous country (*land*) of the Kingdom of Denmark, function within the framework of a parliamentary, representative democratic dependency, whereby the Prime Minister of the Faroe Islands is the head of government, and of a multi-party system... | 651 | Politics of the Faroe Islands | 0 |
10,704 | # Transport in the Faroe Islands
The Faroe Islands is served by an internal transport system based on roads, ferries, and helicopters. As of the 1970s, the majority of the population centres of the Faroe Islands have been joined to a single road network, connected by bridges and tunnels.
International transport, both... | 754 | Transport in the Faroe Islands | 0 |
10,704 | # Transport in the Faroe Islands
## Roads
`{{see also|List of tunnels of the Faroe Islands}}`{=mediawiki} Roads have become the main method of transportation on the islands, replacing boats. In 2021, there were 16,289 petrol cars, 9,795 diesel cars, and 567 electric cars. Google Street View became available for some ... | 655 | Transport in the Faroe Islands | 1 |
10,709 | # Geography of Finland
The **geography of Finland** is characterized by its northern position, its ubiquitous landscapes of intermingled boreal forests and lakes, and its low population density. Finland can be divided into three areas: archipelagoes and coastal lowlands, a slightly higher central lake plateau and upla... | 284 | Geography of Finland | 0 |
10,709 | # Geography of Finland
## Relief and geology {#relief_and_geology}
### Geology
The bedrock of Finland belong to the Baltic Shield and was formed by a succession of orogenies in Precambrian time. The oldest rocks of Finland, those of Archean age, are found in the east and north. These rocks are chiefly granitoids and... | 911 | Geography of Finland | 1 |
10,709 | # Geography of Finland
## Climate
Latitude is the principal influence on Finland\'s climate. Because of Finland\'s northern location, winter is the longest season. Only in the south coast is summer as long as winter. On the average, winter lasts from early December to mid March in the archipelago and the southwestern... | 571 | Geography of Finland | 2 |
10,709 | # Geography of Finland
## Area and boundaries {#area_and_boundaries}
**Area:**\
*total:* 338145 km2\
*land:* 303815 km2\
*water:* 34330 km2
**Area -- comparative:** slightly smaller than Germany, Montana, and Newfoundland and Labrador
**Land boundaries:**\
*total:* 2563 km\
*border countries:* Norway 709 km, Sweden... | 457 | Geography of Finland | 3 |
10,712 | # Economy of Finland
The **economy of Finland** is a highly industrialised, mixed economy with a per capita output similar to that of western European economies such as France, Germany, and the United Kingdom. The largest sector of Finland\'s economy is its service sector, which contributes 72.7% to the country\'s gro... | 380 | Economy of Finland | 0 |
10,712 | # Economy of Finland
## History
Being geographically distant from Western and Central Europe in relation to other Nordic countries, Finland struggled behind in terms of industrialization apart from the production of paper, which partially replaced the export of timber solely as a raw material towards the end of the n... | 944 | Economy of Finland | 1 |
10,712 | # Economy of Finland
## History
### European Union {#european_union}
Finland joined the European Union in 1995. The central bank was given an inflation-targeting mandate until Finland joined the euro zone. The growth rate has since been one of the highest of the OECD countries. Finland has topped many indicators of n... | 106 | Economy of Finland | 2 |
10,712 | # Economy of Finland
## Data
The following table shows the main economic indicators in 1980--2017. Inflation under 2% is in green. Estimates begin after 2021.
+------+----------------+-----------------+------------------------+----------------------------+-------------+-----------------+---------------+-------------... | 1,062 | Economy of Finland | 3 |
10,712 | # Economy of Finland
## Agriculture
Finland\'s climate and soils make growing crops a particular challenge. The country lies between 60° and 70° north latitude - as far north as Alaska - and has severe winters and relatively short growing seasons that are sometimes interrupted by frosts. However, because the Gulf Str... | 743 | Economy of Finland | 4 |
10,712 | # Economy of Finland
## Agriculture
### Forestry
Forests play a key role in the country\'s economy, making it one of the world\'s leading wood producers and providing raw materials at competitive prices for the crucial wood processing industries. As in agriculture, the government has long played a leading role in for... | 893 | Economy of Finland | 5 |
10,712 | # Economy of Finland
## Industry
Since the 1990s, Finnish industry, which for centuries had relied on the country\'s vast forests, has become increasingly dominated by electronics and services, as globalization led to a decline of more traditional industries. Outsourcing resulted in more manufacturing being transferr... | 711 | Economy of Finland | 6 |
10,712 | # Economy of Finland
## Companies
Notable companies in Finland include Nokia, the former market leader in mobile telephony; Stora Enso, the largest paper manufacturer in the world; Neste Oil, an oil refining and marketing company; UPM-Kymmene, the third largest paper manufacturer in the world; Aker Finnyards, the man... | 434 | Economy of Finland | 7 |
10,712 | # Economy of Finland
## Household income and consumption {#household_income_and_consumption}
Finland\'s income is generated by the approximately 1.8 million private sector workers, who make an average 25.1 euro per hour (before the median 60% tax wedge) in 2007. According to a 2003 report, residents worked on average... | 476 | Economy of Finland | 8 |
10,712 | # Economy of Finland
## Gross domestic product {#gross_domestic_product}
### Euro Membership {#euro_membership}
The American economist and *The New York Times* columnist Paul Krugman has suggested that the short term costs of euro membership to the Finnish economy outweigh the large gains caused by greater integrati... | 468 | Economy of Finland | 9 |
10,712 | # Economy of Finland
## Public policy {#public_policy}
Finnish politicians have often emulated other Nordics and the Nordic model. Nordic\'s have been free-trading and relatively welcoming to skilled migrants for over a century, though in Finland immigration is a relatively new phenomenon. This is due largely to Finl... | 552 | Economy of Finland | 10 |
10,712 | # Economy of Finland
## Taxation
Tax is collected mainly from municipal income tax, state income tax, state value added tax, customs fees, corporate taxes and special taxes. There are also property taxes, but municipal income tax pays most of municipal expenses. Taxation is conducted by a state agency, Verohallitus, ... | 664 | Economy of Finland | 11 |
10,712 | # Economy of Finland
## Occupational and income structure {#occupational_and_income_structure}
Finland\'s export-dependent economy continuously adapted to the world market; in doing so, it changed Finnish society as well. The prolonged worldwide boom, beginning in the late 1940s and lasting until the first oil crisis... | 574 | Economy of Finland | 12 |
10,713 | # Telecommunications in Finland
**Telecommunications in Finland**, as indicated by a 2022 European Commission index, highlight the country\'s significant role in the EU\'s digital sector. Finland has a high concentration of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) specialists and robust training programs, leadin... | 789 | Telecommunications in Finland | 0 |
10,713 | # Telecommunications in Finland
## Radio and television {#radio_and_television}
There is a national public radio and television company Yleisradio (Yle), which was previously funded by television license fees, but nowadays via the YLE tax. and two major private media companies, Alma Media and Sanoma, with national TV... | 146 | Telecommunications in Finland | 1 |
10,714 | # Transport in Finland
The **transport system of Finland** is well-developed. Factors affecting traffic include the sparse population and long distance between towns and cities, and the cold climate with waterways freezing and land covered in snow for winter.
The extensive road system is utilized by most internal car... | 287 | Transport in Finland | 0 |
10,714 | # Transport in Finland
## Roads
Road transport in Finland is the most popular method of transportation, particularly in rural areas where the railway network does not extend to. `{{As of|2011}}`{=mediawiki} there are 78162 km of public roads, of which 51016 km are paved. The main road network comprises over 13329 km ... | 674 | Transport in Finland | 1 |
10,714 | # Transport in Finland
## Rail transport {#rail_transport}
### Railways
*Main article: Rail transport in Finland* The Finnish railway network consists of a total of 5919 km of railways built with `{{RailGauge|1524mm|allk=on}}`{=mediawiki}. 3072 km of track is electrified. In 2010, passengers made 13.4 million long-d... | 683 | Transport in Finland | 2 |
10,714 | # Transport in Finland
## Water transport {#water_transport}
The Finnish Maritime Administration is responsible for the maintenance of Finland\'s waterway network. Finland\'s waterways includes some 7600 km of coastal fairways and 7900 km of Finland waterways (on rivers, canals, and lakes). Saimaa Canal connects Lake... | 308 | Transport in Finland | 3 |
10,722 | # Telecommunications in France
**Telecommunications in France** are highly developed. France is served by an extensive system of automatic telephone exchanges connected by modern networks of fiber-optic cable, coaxial cable, microwave radio relay, and a domestic satellite system; cellular telephone service is widely a... | 429 | Telecommunications in France | 0 |
10,723 | # Transport in France
**Transportation in France** relies on one of the densest networks in the world with 146 km of road and 6.2 km of rail lines per 100 km^2^. It is built as a web with Paris at its center. Rail, road, air and water are all widely developed forms of transportation in France.
## History
The first i... | 557 | Transport in France | 0 |
10,723 | # Transport in France
## Railways
### Trams
In spite of the closure of most of France\'s first generation tram systems in earlier years, a fast-growing number of France\'s major cities have modern tram or light rail networks, including Paris, Lyon (Lyon having the biggest one), Toulouse, Montpellier, Saint-Étienne, S... | 636 | Transport in France | 1 |
10,723 | # Transport in France
## Roads
There are \~950000 km of roads in France. The French motorway network or autoroute system consists largely of toll roads, except around large cities, in Brittany, in parts of Normandy, in the Ardennes and in Alsace. It is a network totalling 12,000 km of motorways operated by private co... | 584 | Transport in France | 2 |
10,723 | # Transport in France
## Roads
### Electric roads {#electric_roads}
*Main article: Electric road* France plans to invest 30 to 40 billion euro by 2035 in an electric road system spanning 8,800 kilometers that recharges electric cars, buses and trucks while driving. Two projects for assessment of electric road technol... | 538 | Transport in France | 3 |
10,723 | # Transport in France
## Waterways and canals {#waterways_and_canals}
The French natural and man-made waterways network is the largest in Europe extending to over 8500 km of which (**VNF**, *Navigable Waterways of France*), the French navigation authority, manages the navigable sections. Some of the navigable rivers ... | 433 | Transport in France | 4 |
10,727 | # French Guinea
Guinea \|flag_s1 = Flag of Guinea.svg \|image_flag = Flag of France.svg \|flag = Flag of France \|flag_type = Flag \|image_map = French west africa guinea.png \|image_map_caption = **Green**: French Guinea\
**Lime**: French West Africa\
**Dark gray**: Other French possessions\
**Darkest gray**: French ... | 335 | French Guinea | 0 |
10,739 | # Geography of French Polynesia
**French Polynesia** is located in Oceania. It is a group of six archipelagos in the South Pacific Ocean, about halfway between South America and Australia. Its area is about 4,167 km^2^ (around 130 islands), of which 3,827 km^2^ is land and 340 km^2^ is (inland) water. It has a coastli... | 348 | Geography of French Polynesia | 0 |
10,740 | # Demographics of French Polynesia
Demographic features of the population of French Polynesia include population density, ethnicity, religious affiliations and other aspects.
## Population
### Structure of the population {#structure_of_the_population}
Age Group Male Female Total \%
----------- ---... | 812 | Demographics of French Polynesia | 0 |
10,740 | # Demographics of French Polynesia
## Languages
- French (official) 73.5%
- Tahitian (official) 20.1%
- Marquesan 2.6%
- Austral languages 1.2%
- Paumotu 1%
- other 1 | 28 | Demographics of French Polynesia | 1 |
10,741 | # Politics of French Polynesia
**Politics of French Polynesia** takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic French overseas collectivity, whereby the President of French Polynesia is the head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government. Legisla... | 632 | Politics of French Polynesia | 0 |
10,742 | # Economy of French Polynesia
The **economy of French Polynesia** is one of a developed country with a service sector accounting for 75%. French Polynesia\'s GDP per capita is around \$22,000, one of the highest in the Pacific region.
## History
### Past economy {#past_economy}
Before French colonisation, the Polyn... | 800 | Economy of French Polynesia | 0 |
10,742 | # Economy of French Polynesia
## Agriculture
Most Polynesians in agriculture farm traditional products like taro, ufi, casava and sweet potato to feed themselves and small surplus are sold for monetary income alongside a small fishing activity. Farmers of Asian origin tends to produce European and Asian vegetables fo... | 498 | Economy of French Polynesia | 1 |
10,742 | # Economy of French Polynesia
## Electricity
French Polynesia\'s electricity production in 2004 was 477 GWh. In 1998 59.72% of French Polynesia\'s electricity came from fossil fuel with the remainder from hydropower.
## Currency
French Polynesia uses the Comptoirs Francais du Pacifique franc (CFPF), with 1 CFP fran... | 118 | Economy of French Polynesia | 2 |
10,743 | # Telecommunications in French Polynesia
This article is about communications systems in French Polynesia.
The Honotua fiber optic cable connected Tahiti to Hawaii in 2010, increasing Internet speeds to 20 gigabits per second from 500 megabits per second. The cable will also connect to Moorea and the Leeward Islands ... | 55 | Telecommunications in French Polynesia | 0 |
10,744 | # Transport in French Polynesia
**Railways:** 0 km
**Highways:**\
*total:* 2590 km\
*paved:* 1735 km\
*unpaved:* 855 km (1999)
**Ports and harbours:** Mataura, Papeete, Rikitea, Uturoa
**Merchant marine:**\
*total:* 10 ships (`{{GT|1,000|disp=long}}`{=mediawiki} or over) totaling `{{GT|17,537}}`{=mediawiki}/`{{DWT|... | 108 | Transport in French Polynesia | 0 |
10,762 | # Geography of French Guiana
**French Guiana** is an overseas region of France, located on the northern coast of South America between Suriname and Brazil. The country is part of Caribbean South America and borders the North Atlantic Ocean. It has low-lying plains with small mountains to the south. Its climate is spli... | 451 | Geography of French Guiana | 0 |
10,765 | # Economy of French Guiana
The **economy of French Guiana** is tied closely to that of mainland France through subsidies and imports. Besides the French space center at Kourou, fishing and forestry are the most important economic activities in French Guiana. The large reserves of tropical hardwoods, not fully exploite... | 183 | Economy of French Guiana | 0 |
10,766 | # Telecommunications in French Guiana
There are telecommunications in French Guiana.
## Telephones
In 1923, there were 117 telephones in use, with 241 miles of wire. The number of telephones was approximately 6,800 by 1975, approximately 13,700 by 1982 and 18,100 by 1989. There were 47,000 telephone main lines in us... | 205 | Telecommunications in French Guiana | 0 |
10,767 | # Transport in French Guiana
**Transport in French Guiana** consists of transport by road, boat, bus, and airplane. There is a railway line within the Guiana Space Centre to transport spacecraft. The road network is mainly concentrated in the coastal region. The interior of Guiana is accessed by plane or boat. There i... | 579 | Transport in French Guiana | 0 |
10,779 | # Frequency
*Frequencies* (film)\|the album\|Frequencies (album){{!}}*Frequencies* (album)\|other uses\|Frequency (disambiguation)}} `{{Infobox physical quantity
| name = Frequency
| image = ลูกตุ้มธรรมชาติ.gif
| caption = A [[pendulum]] making 25 complete [[oscillations]] in 60 s, a frequency of 0.41{{overline|6... | 782 | Frequency | 0 |
10,779 | # Frequency
## In wave propagation `{{anchor|Frequency of waves}}`{=mediawiki} {#in_wave_propagation}
For periodic waves in nondispersive media (that is, media in which the wave speed is independent of frequency), frequency has an inverse relationship to the wavelength, *λ* (lambda). Even in dispersive media, the fre... | 683 | Frequency | 1 |
10,779 | # Frequency
## Examples
### Light
thumb\|upright=2\|Complete spectrum of electromagnetic radiation with the visible portion highlighted
Visible light is an electromagnetic wave, consisting of oscillating electric and magnetic fields traveling through space. The frequency of the wave determines its color: 400 THz (`... | 486 | Frequency | 2 |
10,779 | # Frequency
## Aperiodic frequency {#aperiodic_frequency}
**Aperiodic frequency** is the rate of incidence or occurrence of non-cyclic phenomena, including random processes such as radioactive decay. It is expressed with the unit reciprocal second (s^−1^) or, in the case of radioactivity, with the unit becquerel.
It... | 81 | Frequency | 3 |
10,781 | # Film festival
A **film festival** is an organized, extended presentation of films in one or more cinemas or screening venues, usually annually and in a single city or region. Some film festivals show films outdoors or online.
Films may be of recent date and depending upon the festival\'s focus, can include internat... | 607 | Film festival | 0 |
10,781 | # Film festival
## Notable film festivals {#notable_film_festivals}
The \"Big Five\" film festivals are considered to be Venice, Cannes, Berlin, Toronto, and Sundance.
The Toronto International Film Festival is the most popular festival in North America. *Time* wrote it had \"grown from its place as the most influen... | 509 | Film festival | 1 |
10,781 | # Film festival
## Notable film festivals {#notable_film_festivals}
### North American film festivals {#north_american_film_festivals}
Tribeca Festival, one of the most prestigious in North America, ranks first worldwide in terms of audience attendance and 11th in terms of media attendance.
The San Francisco Interna... | 961 | Film festival | 2 |
10,781 | # Film festival
## Notable film festivals {#notable_film_festivals}
### European festivals {#european_festivals}
The most important European film festivals are the Venice Film Festival (late summer to early autumn), the Cannes Film Festival (late spring to early summer), and the Berlin International Film Festival (la... | 686 | Film festival | 3 |
10,781 | # Film festival
## Festival administration {#festival_administration}
### Business model {#business_model}
Although there are notable for-profit festivals such as SXSW, most festivals operate on a nonprofit membership-based model, with a combination of ticket sales, membership fees, and corporate sponsorship constit... | 403 | Film festival | 4 |
10,787 | # Cinema of Italy
The **cinema of Italy** (*cinema italiano*, `{{IPA|it|ˈtʃiːnema itaˈljaːno|pron}}`{=mediawiki}) comprises the films made within Italy or by Italian directors. Since its beginning, Italian cinema has influenced film movements worldwide. Italy is one of the birthplaces of art cinema and the stylistic a... | 822 | Cinema of Italy | 0 |
10,787 | # Cinema of Italy
## History
### 1890s
thumb\|thumbtime=1\|left\|Video of *Il finto storpio al Castello Sforzesco* (\"The fake cripple at the Castello Sforzesco\") by Italo Pacchioni (1896)
The history of Italian cinema began a few months after the French Lumière brothers, who made the first public screening of a f... | 566 | Cinema of Italy | 1 |
10,787 | # Cinema of Italy
## History
### 1900s {#s_1}
In the early years of the 20th century, the phenomenon of itinerant cinemas developed throughout Italy, providing literacy of the visual medium. This innovative form of spectacle ran out, in a short time, a number of optical attractions such as magic lanterns, cinematogra... | 481 | Cinema of Italy | 2 |
10,787 | # Cinema of Italy
## History
### 1910s {#s_2}
In the 1910s, the Italian film industry developed rapidly. In 1912, the year of the greatest expansion, 569 films were produced in Turin, 420 in Rome and 120 in Milan. Popular early Italian actors included Emilio Ghione, Alberto Collo, Bartolomeo Pagano, Amleto Novelli, L... | 1,169 | Cinema of Italy | 3 |
10,787 | # Cinema of Italy
## History
### 1910s {#s_2}
#### Futurist cinema (1910s) {#futurist_cinema_1910s}
Italian futurist cinema was the oldest movement of European avant-garde cinema. Italian futurism, an artistic and social movement, impacted the Italian film industry from 1916 to 1919. It influenced Russian Futurist ci... | 282 | Cinema of Italy | 4 |
10,787 | # Cinema of Italy
## History
### 1920s {#s_3}
With the end of World War I, Italian cinema went through a period of crisis due to many factors such as production disorganization, increased costs, technological backwardness, loss of foreign markets and inability to cope with international competition, in particular wit... | 499 | Cinema of Italy | 5 |
10,787 | # Cinema of Italy
## History
### 1930s {#s_4}
The sound cinema arrived in Italy in 1930, three years after the release of *The Jazz Singer* (1927), and immediately led to a debate on the validity of spoken cinema and its relationship with the theatre. Some directors enthusiastically face the new challenge. The advent... | 963 | Cinema of Italy | 6 |
10,787 | # Cinema of Italy
## History
### 1930s {#s_4}
#### Fascist propaganda (1930s--1940s) {#fascist_propaganda_1930s1940s}
In the fascist propaganda cinema, at the beginning, the representations of the squads and the first fascist actions were rare. *The Old Guard* (1934), by Alessandro Blasetti evokes the supposed vitali... | 781 | Cinema of Italy | 7 |
10,787 | # Cinema of Italy
## History
### 1940s {#s_5}
#### Neorealism (1940s--1950s) {#neorealism_1940s1950s}
By the end of World War II, the Italian \"neorealist\" movement had begun to take shape. Neorealist films typically dealt with the working class (in contrast to the *Telefoni Bianchi*), and were shot on location. Ma... | 834 | Cinema of Italy | 8 |
10,787 | # Cinema of Italy
## History
### 1940s {#s_5}
#### Animation (1940s--present) {#animation_1940spresent}
The pioneer of the Italian cartoon was Francesco Guido, better known as Gibba. Immediately after the end of World War II, he produced the first animated medium-length film of Italian cinema entitled *L\'ultimo sciu... | 742 | Cinema of Italy | 9 |
10,787 | # Cinema of Italy
## History
### 1950s {#s_6}
Starting from the mid-1950s, Italian cinema freed itself from neorealism by tackling purely existential topics, films with different styles and points of view, often more introspective than descriptive. Thus we are witnessing a new flowering of filmmakers who contribute i... | 724 | Cinema of Italy | 10 |
10,787 | # Cinema of Italy
## History
### 1950s {#s_6}
#### Commedia all\'Italiana (1950s--1970s) {#commedia_allitaliana_1950s1970s}
Commedia all\'italiana (\"Comedy in the Italian way\") is an Italian film genre born in Italy in the 1950s and developed in the following 1960s and 1970s. It is widely considered to have started... | 1,271 | Cinema of Italy | 11 |
10,787 | # Cinema of Italy
## History
### 1950s {#s_6}
#### Sword-and-sandal (a.k.a. Peplum) (1950s--1960s) {#sword_and_sandal_a.k.a._peplum_1950s1960s}
Sword-and-sandal, also known as *peplum* (*pepla* plural), is a subgenre of largely Italian-made historical, mythological, or Biblical epics mostly set in the Greco-Roman ant... | 499 | Cinema of Italy | 12 |
10,787 | # Cinema of Italy
## History
### 1960s {#s_7}
#### Spaghetti Western (1960s--1970s) {#spaghetti_western_1960s1970s}
On the heels of the sword-and-sandal craze, a related genre, the Spaghetti Western arose and was popular both in Italy and elsewhere. These films differed from traditional westerns by being filmed in E... | 1,065 | Cinema of Italy | 13 |
10,787 | # Cinema of Italy
## History
### 1960s {#s_7}
#### Franco and Ciccio (1960s--1980s) {#franco_and_ciccio_1960s1980s}
Franco and Ciccio were a comedy duo formed by Italian actors Franco Franchi (1928--1992) and Ciccio Ingrassia (1922--2003), particularly popular in the 1960s and 1970s. Together, they appeared in 116 fi... | 752 | Cinema of Italy | 14 |
10,787 | # Cinema of Italy
## History
### 1970s {#s_8}
In the 1970s the work done by the director Lina Wertmüller was influential, who together with the well-established actors Giancarlo Giannini and Mariangela Melato, gave life to successful films such as *The Seduction of Mimi* (1972), *Love and Anarchy* (1973) and *Swept A... | 822 | Cinema of Italy | 15 |
10,787 | # Cinema of Italy
## History
### 1980s {#s_9}
The 1980s was a period of decline for Italian filmmaking. In 1985, only 80 films were produced (the least since the postwar period) and the total number of audience decreased from 525 million in 1970 to 123 million. It is a physiological process that invests, in the same ... | 589 | Cinema of Italy | 16 |
10,787 | # Cinema of Italy
## History
### 1990s {#s_10}
The economic crisis that emerged in the 1980s began to ease over the next decade. Nonetheless, the 1992--93 and 1993--94 seasons marked an all-time low in the number of films made, in the national market share (15 per cent), in the total number of viewers (under 90 milli... | 490 | Cinema of Italy | 17 |
10,787 | # Cinema of Italy
## History
### 2010s {#s_12}
Paolo Sorrentino\'s *The Great Beauty* (*La Grande Bellezza*) won the 2014 Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film.
The two highest-grossing Italian films in Italy have both been directed by Gennaro Nunziante and starred Checco Zalone: *Sole a catinelle* (2013) wit... | 455 | Cinema of Italy | 18 |
10,787 | # Cinema of Italy
## 100 Italian films to be saved {#italian_films_to_be_saved}
The list of the 100 Italian films to be saved (*100 film italiani da salvare*) was created with the aim to report \"100 films that have changed the collective memory of the country between 1942 and 1978\". The project was established in 2... | 585 | Cinema of Italy | 19 |
10,787 | # Cinema of Italy
## Italian Academy Award winners {#italian_academy_award_winners}
Italy is the most awarded country at the Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film, with 14 wins, 3 Special Awards and 31 nominations. Winners with the year of the ceremony:
- *Shoeshine* (1947), by Vittorio De Sica (Honorary A... | 645 | Cinema of Italy | 20 |
10,790 | # Cinema of Japan
The `{{Nihongo|'''cinema of Japan'''|日本映画|Nihon eiga}}`{=mediawiki}, also known domestically as `{{Nihongo|'''''hōga'''''|邦画|extra="domestic cinema"}}`{=mediawiki}, has a history that spans more than 100 years. Japan has one of the oldest and largest film industries in the world; as of 2022, it was t... | 350 | Cinema of Japan | 0 |
10,790 | # Cinema of Japan
## History
### Early silent era {#early_silent_era}
The kinetoscope, first shown commercially by Thomas Edison in the United States in 1894, was first shown in Japan in November 1896. The Vitascope and the Lumière Brothers\' Cinematograph were first presented in Japan in early 1897, by businessmen ... | 1,206 | Cinema of Japan | 1 |
10,790 | # Cinema of Japan
## History
### 20th century {#th_century}
The 1930s also saw increased government involvement in cinema, which was symbolized by the passing of the Film Law, which gave the state more authority over the film industry, in 1939. The government encouraged some forms of cinema, producing propaganda film... | 416 | Cinema of Japan | 2 |
10,790 | # Cinema of Japan
## History
### 20th century {#th_century}
#### American occupation {#american_occupation}
After the surrender of Japan in 1945, wartime controls and restrictions on the Japanese film industry were abolished, and the Supreme Commander for the Allied Powers (SCAP) established the Civil Information and... | 532 | Cinema of Japan | 3 |
10,790 | # Cinema of Japan
## History
### 20th century {#th_century}
#### Golden Age {#golden_age}
The 1950s are widely considered the Golden Age of Japanese cinema. Three Japanese films from this decade (*Rashomon*, *Seven Samurai* and *Tokyo Story*) appeared in the top ten of *Sight & Sound*{{\'}}s critics\' and directors\'... | 1,218 | Cinema of Japan | 4 |
10,790 | # Cinema of Japan
## History
### 20th century {#th_century}
#### Golden Age {#golden_age}
Teshigahara\'s *Woman in the Dunes* (1964) won the Special Jury Prize at the Cannes Film Festival, and was nominated for Best Director and Best Foreign Language Film Oscars. Masaki Kobayashi\'s *Kwaidan* (1965) also picked up th... | 821 | Cinema of Japan | 5 |
10,790 | # Cinema of Japan
## History
### 20th century {#th_century}
#### Heisei period {#heisei_period}
Because of economic recessions, the number of movie theaters in Japan had been steadily decreasing since the 1960s. The number of cinemas was under 2,000 in 1993 compared to more than 7,000 in 1960. The 1990s saw the rever... | 1,394 | Cinema of Japan | 6 |
10,790 | # Cinema of Japan
## History
### Reiwa period {#reiwa_period}
The 2020 Japanese epic disaster drama film Fukushima 50, released on 6 March 2020, directed by Setsurō Wakamatsu and written by Yōichi Maekawa. The film is based on the book by Ryusho Kadota, titled *On the Brink: The Inside Story of Fukushima Daiichi*, an... | 623 | Cinema of Japan | 7 |
10,790 | # Cinema of Japan
## Box office {#box_office}
+------+---------------+-----------+---------------+-----------+
| Year | Gross\ | Domestic\ | Admissions\ | Source(s) |
| | (in billions\ | share | (in millions) | |
| | of yen) | | | |
+======+====... | 114 | Cinema of Japan | 8 |
10,798 | # Formalist film theory
**Formalist film theory** is an approach to film theory that is focused on the formal or technical elements of a film: i.e., the lighting, scoring, sound and set design, use of color, shot composition, and editing. This approach was proposed by Hugo Münsterberg, Rudolf Arnheim, Sergei Eisenstei... | 189 | Formalist film theory | 0 |
10,810 | # Fantasy (psychology)
In psychoanalytic theory, **fantasy** is a broad range of mental experiences, mediated by the faculty of imagination in the human brain, and marked by an expression of certain desires through vivid mental imagery. Fantasies are generally associated with scenarios that are impossible or unlikely ... | 804 | Fantasy (psychology) | 0 |
10,810 | # Fantasy (psychology)
## Klein and unconscious fantasy {#klein_and_unconscious_fantasy}
Melanie Klein extended Freud\'s concept of fantasy to cover the developing child\'s relationship to a world of internal objects. In her thought, this kind of \"play activity inside the person is known as \'unconscious phantasy\' ... | 285 | Fantasy (psychology) | 1 |
10,810 | # Fantasy (psychology)
## Lacan, fantasy, and desire {#lacan_fantasy_and_desire}
Lacan engaged from early on with \"the phantasies revealed by Melanie Klein \... the *imago* of the mother \... this shadow of the *bad internal objects*\" --- with the Imaginary. Increasingly, however, it was Freud\'s idea of fantasy as... | 517 | Fantasy (psychology) | 2 |
10,815 | # Franc
The **franc** is any of various units of currency. One franc is typically divided into 100 centimes. The name is said to derive from the Latin inscription *francorum rex* (King of the Franks) used on early French coins and until the 18th century, or from the French *franc*, meaning \"frank\" (and \"free\" in c... | 509 | Franc | 0 |
10,815 | # Franc
## Belgian franc and Luxembourg franc {#belgian_franc_and_luxembourg_franc}
The conquest of most of western Europe by Revolutionary and Napoleonic France led to the franc\'s wide circulation. Following independence from the Kingdom of the Netherlands, the new Kingdom of Belgium in 1832 adopted its own Belgian... | 579 | Franc | 1 |
10,821 | # Francium
**Francium** is a chemical element; it has symbol **Fr** and atomic number 87. It is extremely radioactive; its most stable isotope, francium-223 (originally called *actinium K* after the natural decay chain in which it appears), has a half-life of only 22 minutes. It is the second-most electropositive elem... | 305 | Francium | 0 |
10,821 | # Francium
## Characteristics
Francium is one of the most unstable of the naturally occurring elements: its longest-lived isotope, francium-223, has a half-life of only 22 minutes. The only comparable element is astatine, whose most stable natural isotope, astatine-219 (the alpha daughter of francium-223), has a half... | 344 | Francium | 1 |
10,821 | # Francium
## Compounds
As a result of francium\'s instability, its salts are only known to a small extent. Francium coprecipitates with several caesium salts, such as caesium perchlorate, which results in small amounts of francium perchlorate. This coprecipitation can be used to isolate francium, by adapting the rad... | 407 | Francium | 2 |
10,821 | # Francium
## Isotopes
There are 37 known isotopes of francium ranging in atomic mass from 197 to 233.`{{NUBASE2020|ref}}`{=mediawiki} Francium has seven metastable nuclear isomers. Francium-223 and francium-221 are the only isotopes that occur in nature, with the former being far more common.
Francium-223 is the mo... | 456 | Francium | 3 |
10,821 | # Francium
## History
As early as 1870, chemists thought that there should be an alkali metal beyond caesium, with an atomic number of 87. It was then referred to by the provisional name *eka-caesium*.
### Erroneous and incomplete discoveries {#erroneous_and_incomplete_discoveries}
In 1914, Stefan Meyer, Viktor F. ... | 526 | Francium | 4 |
10,821 | # Francium
## History
### Perey\'s analysis {#pereys_analysis}
Eka-caesium was discovered on January 7, 1939, by Marguerite Perey of the Curie Institute in Paris, when she purified a sample of actinium-227 which had been reported to have a decay energy of 220 keV. Perey noticed decay particles with an energy level be... | 380 | Francium | 5 |
10,821 | # Francium
## Production
Francium can be synthesized by a fusion reaction when a gold-197 target is bombarded with a beam of oxygen-18 atoms from a linear accelerator in a process originally developed at the physics department of the State University of New York at Stony Brook in 1995. Depending on the energy of the ... | 467 | Francium | 6 |
10,830 | # Football team
A **football team** is a group of players selected to play together in the various team sports known as football. Such teams could be selected to play in a match against an opposing team, to represent a **football club**, group, state or nation, an all-star team or even selected as a hypothetical team ... | 471 | Football team | 0 |
10,834 | # Food preservation
thumb\|upright=1.5\|alt=Man holding a small pastry inside plastic wrappings\|A food scientist is preparing a meal for astronauts in space. **Food preservation** includes processes that make food more resistant to microorganism growth and slow the oxidation of fats. This slows down the decomposition... | 908 | Food preservation | 0 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.