id int64 39 11.1M | section stringlengths 3 4.51M | length int64 2 49.9k | title stringlengths 1 182 | chunk_id int64 0 68 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
10,221 | # Euphrates
## Course
The Euphrates is the longest river of West Asia. It emerges from the confluence of the Kara Su or Western Euphrates (450 km) and the Murat Su or Eastern Euphrates (650 km) 10 km upstream from the town of Keban in southeastern Turkey. Daoudy and Frenken put the length of the Euphrates from the so... | 473 | Euphrates | 1 |
10,221 | # Euphrates
## Course
### Tributaries
In Syria, three rivers add their water to the Euphrates; the Sajur, the Balikh and the Khabur. These rivers rise in the foothills of the Taurus Mountains along the Syro--Turkish border and add comparatively little water to the Euphrates. The Sajur is the smallest of these tributa... | 394 | Euphrates | 2 |
10,221 | # Euphrates
## Climate change {#climate_change}
In 2021, the Iraqi Ministry of Water Resources reported that the Euphrates river could dry out by 2040 due to climate change and droughts.
## Natural history {#natural_history}
The Euphrates flows through a number of distinct vegetation zones. Although millennia-long ... | 487 | Euphrates | 3 |
10,221 | # Euphrates
## River
thumb\|upright=1.3\|Map (in French) showing the locations of dams and barrages built in the Syro--Turkish part of the Euphrates basin\|alt=Refer to caption
The Hindiya Barrage on the Iraqi Euphrates, based on plans by British civil engineer William Willcocks and finished in 1913, was the first m... | 571 | Euphrates | 4 |
10,221 | # Euphrates
## River
### Environmental and social effects {#environmental_and_social_effects}
The construction of the dams and irrigation schemes on the Euphrates has had a significant impact on the environment and society of each riparian country. The dams constructed as part of GAP -- in both the Euphrates and the ... | 752 | Euphrates | 5 |
10,221 | # Euphrates
## History
### Palaeolithic to Chalcolithic periods {#palaeolithic_to_chalcolithic_periods}
The early occupation of the Euphrates basin was limited to its upper reaches; that is, the area that is popularly known as the Fertile Crescent. Acheulean stone artifacts have been found in the Sajur basin and in ... | 369 | Euphrates | 6 |
10,221 | # Euphrates
## History
### Ancient history {#ancient_history}
During the Jemdet Nasr (3600--3100 BCE) and Early Dynastic periods (3100--2350 BCE), southern Mesopotamia experienced a growth in the number and size of settlements, suggesting strong population growth. These settlements, including Sumero-Akkadian sites li... | 516 | Euphrates | 7 |
10,221 | # Euphrates
## History
### Modern era {#modern_era}
After World War I, the borders in Southwest Asia were redrawn in the Treaty of Lausanne (1923), when the Ottoman Empire was partitioned. Clause 109 of the treaty stipulated that the three riparian states of the Euphrates (at that time Turkey, France for its Syrian m... | 595 | Euphrates | 8 |
10,229 | # Equidae
**Equidae** (commonly known as the **horse family**) is the taxonomic family of horses and related animals, including asses, zebras, and many extinct species known only from fossils. The family evolved more than 50 million years ago, in the Eocene epoch, from a small, multi-toed ungulate into larger, single-... | 413 | Equidae | 0 |
10,273 | # Embryo drawing
**Embryo drawing** is the illustration of embryos in their developmental sequence. In plants and animals, an embryo develops from a zygote, the single cell that results when an egg and sperm fuse during fertilization. In animals, the zygote divides repeatedly to form a ball of cells, which then forms ... | 265 | Embryo drawing | 0 |
10,273 | # Embryo drawing
## Famous embryo illustrators {#famous_embryo_illustrators}
### Ernst Haeckel (1834--1919) {#ernst_haeckel_18341919}
Haeckel\'s illustrations show vertebrate embryos at different stages of development, which exhibit embryonic resemblance as support for evolution, recapitulation as evidence of the Bi... | 753 | Embryo drawing | 1 |
10,273 | # Embryo drawing
## Famous embryo illustrators {#famous_embryo_illustrators}
### Wilhelm His (1831--1904) {#wilhelm_his_18311904}
Wilhelm His was one of Haeckel\'s most authoritative and primary opponents advocating physiological embryology. His *Anatomie menschlicher Embryonen* (Anatomy of human embryos) employs a s... | 691 | Embryo drawing | 2 |
10,273 | # Embryo drawing
## Opposition to Haeckel {#opposition_to_haeckel}
Haeckel encountered numerous oppositions to his artistic depictions of embryonic development during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Haeckel\'s opponents believe that he de-emphasizes the differences between early embryonic stages in... | 423 | Embryo drawing | 3 |
10,273 | # Embryo drawing
## Haeckel\'s proponents (past and present) {#haeckels_proponents_past_and_present}
Although Charles Darwin accepted Haeckel\'s support for natural selection, he was tentative in using Haeckel\'s ideas in his writings; with regard to embryology, Darwin relied far more on von Baer\'s work. Haeckel\'s ... | 746 | Embryo drawing | 4 |
10,278 | # List of explosives used during World War II
Almost all the common explosives listed here were mixtures of several common components:
- Ammonium picrate
- TNT (Trinitrotoluene)
- PETN (Pentaerythritol tetranitrate)
- RDX
- Powdered aluminium.
This is only a partial list; there were many others. Many of th... | 330 | List of explosives used during World War II | 0 |
10,285 | # Eligible receiver
In gridiron football, not all players on offense are entitled to receive a forward pass: only an **eligible pass receiver** may legally catch a forward pass, and only an eligible receiver may advance beyond the neutral zone if a forward pass crosses into the neutral zone. If the pass is received by... | 360 | Eligible receiver | 0 |
10,285 | # Eligible receiver
## Professional football {#professional_football}
In both American and Canadian professional football, every player on the defensive team is considered eligible. The offensive team must have at least seven players lined up on the line of scrimmage. Of the players on the line of scrimmage, only the... | 936 | Eligible receiver | 1 |
10,289 | # Emsworth
**Emsworth** is a town in the Borough of Havant in the county of Hampshire, on the south coast of England near the border with West Sussex. It lies at the north end of an arm of Chichester Harbour, a large and shallow inlet from the English Channel, and is equidistant between Portsmouth and Chichester.
Ems... | 1,003 | Emsworth | 0 |
10,289 | # Emsworth
## History
### Modern
By 1901 the population of Emsworth was about 2,000. It grew rapidly during the 20th century to about 5,000 by the middle of the century. In 1906 construction began on the post office, with local cricketer George Wilder laying an inscribed brick. The renamed Emsworth Recreation Ground ... | 787 | Emsworth | 1 |
10,289 | # Emsworth
## Politics
The town is part of the Havant constituency, which since the 1983 election has been a Conservative seat. The current Member of Parliament (MP) is Alan Mak. The town is represented at Havant Borough Council by councillors Richard Kennett and Lulu Bowerman of the Conservative Party and Grainne Ra... | 342 | Emsworth | 2 |
10,303 | # Evaporation
**Evaporation** is a type of vaporization that occurs on the surface of a liquid as it changes into the gas phase. A high concentration of the evaporating substance in the surrounding gas significantly slows down evaporation, such as when humidity affects rate of evaporation of water. When the molecules ... | 784 | Evaporation | 0 |
10,303 | # Evaporation
## Factors influencing the rate of evaporation {#factors_influencing_the_rate_of_evaporation}
Note: Air is used here as a common example of the surrounding gas; however, other gases may hold that role.
Concentration of the substance evaporating in the air: If the air already has a high concentration of... | 427 | Evaporation | 1 |
10,303 | # Evaporation
## Thermodynamics
Evaporation is an endothermic process, since heat is absorbed during evaporation.
## Applications
- Industrial applications include many printing and coating processes; recovering salts from solutions; and drying a variety of materials such as lumber, paper, cloth and chemicals.
- ... | 352 | Evaporation | 2 |
10,315 | # Edwin Howard Armstrong
**Edwin Howard Armstrong** (December 18, 1890 -- February 1, 1954) was an American electrical engineer and inventor who developed FM (frequency modulation) radio and the superheterodyne receiver system.
He held 42 patents and received numerous awards, including the first Medal of Honor awarde... | 770 | Edwin Howard Armstrong | 0 |
10,315 | # Edwin Howard Armstrong
## Early work {#early_work}
### Regenerative circuit {#regenerative_circuit}
Armstrong began working on his first major invention while still an undergraduate at Columbia. In late 1906, Lee de Forest had invented the three-element (triode) \"grid Audion\" vacuum-tube. How vacuum tubes worked... | 743 | Edwin Howard Armstrong | 1 |
10,315 | # Edwin Howard Armstrong
## Early work {#early_work}
### Superheterodyne circuit {#superheterodyne_circuit}
The United States entered WWI in April 1917. Later that year Armstrong was commissioned as a captain in the U.S. Army Signal Corps, and assigned to a laboratory in Paris, France to help develop radio communicat... | 493 | Edwin Howard Armstrong | 2 |
10,315 | # Edwin Howard Armstrong
## Early work {#early_work}
### Super-regeneration circuit {#super_regeneration_circuit}
The regeneration legal battle had one serendipitous outcome for Armstrong. While he was preparing apparatus to counteract a claim made by a patent attorney, he \"accidentally ran into the phenomenon of su... | 158 | Edwin Howard Armstrong | 3 |
10,315 | # Edwin Howard Armstrong
## Wide-band FM radio {#wide_band_fm_radio}
\"Static\" interference -- extraneous noises caused by sources such as thunderstorms and electrical equipment -- bedeviled early radio communication using amplitude modulation and perplexed numerous inventors attempting to eliminate it. Many ideas f... | 1,335 | Edwin Howard Armstrong | 4 |
10,315 | # Edwin Howard Armstrong
## Wide-band FM radio {#wide_band_fm_radio}
Armstrong felt the FM band reassignment had been inspired primarily by a desire to cause a disruption that would limit FM\'s ability to challenge the existing radio industry, including RCA\'s AM radio properties that included the NBC radio network, ... | 568 | Edwin Howard Armstrong | 5 |
10,315 | # Edwin Howard Armstrong
## Death
The numerous protracted patent fights caused Armstrong\'s health to suffer and his behavior grew erratic. On one occasion he came to believe that someone had poisoned his food and insisted on having his stomach pumped. According to *They Made America* -- authored by Sir Harold Evans ... | 857 | Edwin Howard Armstrong | 6 |
10,315 | # Edwin Howard Armstrong
## Honors
In 1917, Armstrong was the first recipient of the IRE\'s (now IEEE) Medal of Honor.
For his wartime work on radio, the French government gave him the Legion of Honor in 1919. He was awarded the 1941 Franklin Medal, and in 1942 received the AIEEs Edison Medal \"for distinguished con... | 401 | Edwin Howard Armstrong | 7 |
10,315 | # Edwin Howard Armstrong
## Patents
E. H. Armstrong patents:
- : \"Frequency Modulation Multiplex System\"
- : \"Radio Signaling\"
- : \"Frequency-Modulated Carrier Signal Receiver\"
- : \"Frequency Modulation Signaling System\"
- : \"Means for Receiving Radio Signals\"
- : \"Method and Means for Tr... | 281 | Edwin Howard Armstrong | 8 |
10,332 | # Educational psychology
**Educational psychology** is the branch of psychology concerned with the scientific study of human learning. The study of learning processes, from both cognitive and behavioral perspectives, allows researchers to understand individual differences in intelligence, cognitive development, affect... | 389 | Educational psychology | 0 |
10,332 | # Educational psychology
## History
As a field of study, educational psychology is fairly new and was not considered a specific practice until the 20th century. Reflections on everyday teaching and learning allowed some individuals throughout history to elaborate on developmental differences in cognition, the nature ... | 607 | Educational psychology | 1 |
10,332 | # Educational psychology
## History
### Before 1890 {#before_1890}
Philosophers of education such as Juan Vives, Johann Pestalozzi, Friedrich Fröbel, and Johann Herbart had examined, classified and judged the methods of education centuries before the beginnings of psychology in the late 1800s.
#### Juan Vives {#juan... | 555 | Educational psychology | 2 |
10,332 | # Educational psychology
## History
### 1890--1920
There were three major figures in educational psychology in this period: William James, G. Stanley Hall, and John Dewey. These three men distinguished themselves in general psychology and educational psychology, which overlapped significantly at the end of the 19th c... | 1,246 | Educational psychology | 3 |
10,332 | # Educational psychology
## History
### 1920--present
The number of people receiving a high school and college education increased dramatically from 1920 to 1960. Because very few jobs were available to teens coming out of eighth grade, there was an increase in high school attendance in the 1930s. The progressive mov... | 707 | Educational psychology | 4 |
10,332 | # Educational psychology
## Perspectives
### Behavioral
Applied behavior analysis, a research-based science utilizing behavioral principles of operant conditioning, is effective in a range of educational settings. For example, teachers can alter student behavior by systematically rewarding students who follow classr... | 782 | Educational psychology | 5 |
10,332 | # Educational psychology
## Perspectives
### Developmental
Developmental psychology, and especially the psychology of cognitive development, opens a special perspective for educational psychology. This is so because education and the psychology of cognitive development converge on a number of crucial assumptions. Fir... | 377 | Educational psychology | 6 |
10,332 | # Educational psychology
## Perspectives
### Constructivist
Constructivism is a category of learning theory in which emphasis is placed on the agency and prior \"knowing\" and experience of the learner, and often on the social and cultural determinants of the learning process. Educational psychologists distinguish in... | 820 | Educational psychology | 7 |
10,332 | # Educational psychology
## Conditioning and learning {#conditioning_and_learning}
To understand the characteristics of learners in childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and old age, educational psychology develops and applies theories of human development. Often represented as stages through which people pass as they m... | 362 | Educational psychology | 8 |
10,332 | # Educational psychology
## Conditioning and learning {#conditioning_and_learning}
### Motivation
Motivation is an internal state that activates, guides and sustains behavior. Motivation can have several impacting effects on how students learn and how they behave towards subject matter:
- Provide direction towards... | 563 | Educational psychology | 9 |
10,332 | # Educational psychology
## Technology
Instructional design, the systematic design of materials, activities, and interactive environments for learning, is broadly informed by educational psychology theories and research. For example, in defining learning goals or objectives, instructional designers often use a taxono... | 281 | Educational psychology | 10 |
10,332 | # Educational psychology
## Applications
### Teaching
Research on classroom management and pedagogy is conducted to guide teaching practice and form a foundation for teacher education programs. The goals of classroom management are to create an environment conducive to learning and to develop students\' self-managem... | 605 | Educational psychology | 11 |
10,334 | # Epistle to the Laodiceans
The **Epistle to the Laodiceans** is a possible writing of Paul the Apostle, the original existence of which is inferred from an instruction in the Epistle to the Colossians that the congregation should send their letter to the believing community in Laodicea, and likewise obtain a copy of ... | 332 | Epistle to the Laodiceans | 0 |
10,334 | # Epistle to the Laodiceans
## Mention in Colossians 4:16 {#mention_in_colossians_416}
Paul, the earliest known Christian author, wrote several letters (or epistles) in Greek to various churches. Paul apparently dictated all his epistles through a secretary (or amanuensis), but wrote the final few paragraphs of each ... | 605 | Epistle to the Laodiceans | 1 |
10,334 | # Epistle to the Laodiceans
## Works purporting to be the lost text {#works_purporting_to_be_the_lost_text}
thumb\|right\|upright=1.3\|The top half of the first page of the Latin Epistle to the Laodiceans in the Fulda manuscript
### Marcionite Epistle to the Laodiceans {#marcionite_epistle_to_the_laodiceans}
Accord... | 656 | Epistle to the Laodiceans | 2 |
10,359 | # Amiga Enhanced Chip Set
The **Enhanced Chip Set** (**ECS**) is the second generation of the Amiga computer\'s chipset, offering minor improvements over the original chipset (OCS) design. ECS was introduced in 1990 with the launch of the Amiga 3000. Another version was developed around 1994 but was unreleased due to ... | 266 | Amiga Enhanced Chip Set | 0 |
10,361 | # European Space Operations Centre
thumb\|upright=1.2\|Signal received at ESOC from Rosetta (January 2014), the first comet landing mission
The **European Space Operations Centre** (**ESOC**) serves as the main mission control centre for the European Space Agency (ESA) and is located in Darmstadt, Germany. ESOC\'s pr... | 755 | European Space Operations Centre | 0 |
10,361 | # European Space Operations Centre
## Employees
At ESOC, ESA employs approximately 800, comprising some 250 permanent staff and about 550 contractors. Staff from ESOC are routinely dispatched to work at other ESA establishments, ESTRACK stations, the ATV Control Centre (Toulouse), the Columbus Control Centre (Oberpfa... | 53 | European Space Operations Centre | 1 |
10,372 | # Entire function
In complex analysis, an **entire function**, also called an **integral function,** is a complex-valued function that is holomorphic on the whole complex plane. Typical examples of entire functions are polynomials and the exponential function, and any finite sums, products and compositions of these, s... | 1,010 | Entire function | 0 |
10,372 | # Entire function
## `{{anchor|order of an entire function}}`{=mediawiki} Order and type {#order_and_type}
The **order** (at infinity) of an entire function $f(z)$ is defined using the limit superior as:
$\rho = \limsup_{r\to\infty}\frac{\ln \left (\ln\| f \|_{\infty, B_r} \right ) }{\ln r},$
where $B_r$ is the dis... | 613 | Entire function | 1 |
10,372 | # Entire function
## Other examples {#other_examples}
According to J. E. Littlewood, the Weierstrass sigma function is a \'typical\' entire function. This statement can be made precise in the theory of random entire functions: the asymptotic behavior of almost all entire functions is similar to that of the sigma func... | 341 | Entire function | 2 |
10,378 | # European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
The **European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts** (**ECMWF**) is an independent intergovernmental organisation supported by most of the nations of Europe. It is based at three sites: Shinfield Park, Reading, United Kingdom; Bologna, Italy; and Bonn, Germany... | 517 | European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts | 0 |
10,378 | # European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts
## Work and projects {#work_and_projects}
### Forecasting
Numerical weather prediction (NWP) requires input of meteorological data, collected by satellites and earth observation systems such as automatic and crewed weather stations, aircraft (including commercial ... | 849 | European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts | 1 |
10,385 | # Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS
The **Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System** (**Joint STARS**) is a retired United States Air Force (USAF) airborne ground surveillance, battle management and command and control aircraft. It tracked ground vehicles and some aircraft, collected imagery, ... | 286 | Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS | 0 |
10,385 | # Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS
## Design
The E-8C is an aircraft modified from the Boeing 707-300 series commercial airliner. The E-8 carries specialized radar, communications, operations and control subsystems. The most prominent external feature is the 40 ft (12 m) canoe-shaped radome under the forward fuselage... | 649 | Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS | 1 |
10,385 | # Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS
## Operational history {#operational_history}
`{{more citations needed|section|date=November 2023}}`{=mediawiki}
The two E-8A development aircraft were deployed in 1991 to participate in Operation Desert Storm under the direction of USAF Colonel Harry H. Heimple, Program Director, ... | 952 | Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS | 2 |
10,385 | # Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS
## Operational history {#operational_history}
### Retirement
The USAF began an analysis of alternatives (AOA) in March 2010 for its next generation GMTI radar aircraft fleet. The study was completed in March 2012 and recommended buying a new business jet-based ISR aircraft, such as ... | 384 | Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS | 3 |
10,385 | # Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS
## Variants
E-8A
: Original platform configuration
TE-8A
: Single aircraft with mission equipment removed, used for flight crew training.
YE-8B
: Single aircraft, was to be a U.S. Navy Boeing E-6 Mercury but transferred to the U.S. Air Force as a development aircraft before ... | 420 | Northrop Grumman E-8 Joint STARS | 4 |
10,388 | # Eric Cheney
**Eric Cheney** (5 January 1924 -- 30 December 2001) was an English motorcycle racer, designer and independent constructor. He was known as one of the best motorcycle frame designers of his era, concentrating mainly in the off-road competition aftermarket.
## Early life {#early_life}
Cheney attended a ... | 676 | Eric Cheney | 0 |
10,400 | # History of Esperanto
L. L. Zamenhof developed Esperanto in the 1870s and \'80s. *Unua Libro*, the first print discussion of the language, appeared in 1887. The number of Esperanto speakers have increased gradually since then, without much support from governments and international organizations. Its use has, in some... | 467 | History of Esperanto | 0 |
10,400 | # History of Esperanto
## *Unua Libro* to Declaration of Boulogne (1887--1905) {#unua_libro_to_declaration_of_boulogne_18871905}
*Unua Libro* was published in 1887. At first the movement grew most in the Russian empire and eastern Europe, but soon spread to western Europe and beyond: to Argentina in 1889; to Canada i... | 340 | History of Esperanto | 1 |
10,400 | # History of Esperanto
## Declaration of Boulogne to present (1905--present) {#declaration_of_boulogne_to_present_1905present}
The World Esperanto Congress has been held every year since 1905, except during the two world wars and the COVID-19 pandemic.
The autonomous territory of Neutral Moresnet, between Belgium an... | 673 | History of Esperanto | 2 |
10,400 | # History of Esperanto
## Evolution of the language {#evolution_of_the_language}
The Declaration of Boulogne(1905) limited changes to Esperanto. That declaration stated, among other things, that the basis of the language should remain the *italics=yes* (\"Foundation of Esperanto\", a group of early works by Zamenhof)... | 493 | History of Esperanto | 3 |
10,400 | # History of Esperanto
## Dialects, reform projects and derived languages {#dialects_reform_projects_and_derived_languages}
Esperanto has not fragmented into regional dialects through natural language use. This may be because it is the language of daily communication for only a small minority of its speakers. However... | 385 | History of Esperanto | 4 |
10,400 | # History of Esperanto
## Timeline of Esperanto {#timeline_of_esperanto}
- 1859: L. L. Zamenhof, the creator of Esperanto, is born in Białystok, Russia (now Poland).
- 1873: The Zamenhof family moves to Warsaw.
- 1878: Zamenhof celebrates the completion of his universal language project, *Lingwe Uniwersala*, wi... | 1,088 | History of Esperanto | 5 |
10,409 | # Eve Arden
**Eve Arden** (born **Eunice Mary Quedens**, April 30, 1908 -- November 12, 1990) was an American film, radio, stage and television actress. She performed in leading and supporting roles for nearly six decades.
Beginning her film career in 1929 and on Broadway in the early 1930s, Arden\'s first major role... | 304 | Eve Arden | 0 |
10,409 | # Eve Arden
## Career
### Film
She made her film debut under her real name in the backstage musical *Song of Love* (1929), as a wisecracking, homewrecking showgirl who becomes a rival to the film\'s star, singer Belle Baker. The film was one of Columbia Pictures\' earliest successes. In 1933, she relocated to New Yo... | 403 | Eve Arden | 1 |
10,409 | # Eve Arden
## Career
### Radio and television {#radio_and_television}
Arden\'s ability with witty scripts made her a natural talent for radio. She was a regular on Danny Kaye\'s short-lived but memorably zany comedy-variety show in 1946, which also featured swing bandleader Harry James and gravel-voiced character ac... | 823 | Eve Arden | 2 |
10,409 | # Eve Arden
## Death
On November 12, 1990, Arden died at home at age 82. According to her death certificate, she died of cardiac arrest and arteriosclerotic heart disease. She is buried in the Westwood Village Memorial Park Cemetery, Westwood, Los Angeles, California.
## Legacy
Arden published an autobiography, *Th... | 843 | Eve Arden | 3 |
10,416 | # Emperor Bidatsu
was the 30th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.
The years of reign of Bidatsu start in 572 and end in 585; however, there are no certain dates for this emperor\'s life or reign. The names and sequence of the early emperors were not confirmed as \"traditional\" until ... | 585 | Emperor Bidatsu | 0 |
10,417 | # Emperor Yōmei
was the 31st Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.
Yōmei\'s reign spanned the years from 585 until his death in 587.
## Traditional narrative {#traditional_narrative}
He was called `{{Nihongo|Tachibana no Toyohi no Mikoto|橘豊日尊}}`{=mediawiki} in the *Kojiki*. He was also... | 615 | Emperor Yōmei | 0 |
10,418 | # Emperor Sushun
was the 32nd Emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.
Sushun\'s reign spanned the years from 587 through 592.
## Traditional narrative {#traditional_narrative}
Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (his *imina*) was Hatsusebe*-shinnō*, also k... | 437 | Emperor Sushun | 0 |
10,419 | # Empress Suiko
(554 -- 15 April 628) was the 33rd monarch of Japan, and the country\'s first and longest-reigning empress regnant, according to the traditional order of succession.
Suiko reigned from 593 until her death in 628.
## Traditional narrative {#traditional_narrative}
Before her ascension to the Chrysanth... | 910 | Empress Suiko | 0 |
10,419 | # Empress Suiko
## Spouse and children {#spouse_and_children}
Empress Suiko, born as Princess Nukatabe (額田部皇女), was the daughter of Emperor Kinmei and his consort (Hi), Soga no Kitashihime. Princess Nukatabe had five full sisters and seven full brothers among which the eldest would become Emperor Yōmei.
She married ... | 116 | Empress Suiko | 1 |
10,422 | # Emperor Kōtoku
was the 36th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.
The years of his reign lasted from 645 through 654.
## Traditional narrative {#traditional_narrative}
Before Kōtoku\'s ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (*imina*) was `{{nihongo|Karu|軽}}`{=mediaw... | 734 | Emperor Kōtoku | 0 |
10,422 | # Emperor Kōtoku
## Consorts and children {#consorts_and_children}
Empress: Princess Hashihito (間人皇女, d | 13 | Emperor Kōtoku | 1 |
10,425 | # Emperor Kōbun
was the 39th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.
Kōbun\'s reign lasted only a few months in 672.
## Traditional narrative {#traditional_narrative}
Emperor Kōbun was named the 39th emperor by the Meiji government in 1870; and since the late 19th century, he is known by... | 679 | Emperor Kōbun | 0 |
10,427 | # Empress Jitō
was the 41st monarch of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.
Jitō\'s reign spanned the years from 686 through 697.
In the history of Japan, Jitō was the third of eight women to take on the role of empress regnant. The two female monarchs before Jitō were Suiko and Kōgyoku/Saimei. T... | 696 | Empress Jitō | 0 |
10,427 | # Empress Jitō
## Poetry
The *Man\'yōshū* includes poems said to have been composed by Jitō. This one was composed after the death of the Emperor Tenmu:
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------... | 172 | Empress Jitō | 1 |
10,428 | # Emperor Monmu
was the 42nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession.
Monmu\'s reign spanned the years from 697 through 707.
## Traditional narrative {#traditional_narrative}
Before his ascension to the Chrysanthemum Throne, his personal name (*imina*) was Karu*-shinnō*.
He was a grandso... | 534 | Emperor Monmu | 0 |
10,430 | # Empress Genshō
was the 44th monarch of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Her reign spanned the years 715 through 724.
Genshō was the fifth of eight women to take on the role of empress regnant, and the only one in the history of Japan to have inherited her title from another empress regnant r... | 799 | Empress Genshō | 0 |
10,430 | # Empress Genshō
## Genealogy
Empress Genshō, born Princess Hidaka (氷高皇女), was the eldest child of Empress Genmei (元明天皇) and her husband, Crown Prince Kusakabe (草壁皇子). She had one younger brother, Prince Karu (珂瑠皇子), later known as Emperor Monmu (文武天皇), and one younger sister, Imperial Princess Kibi (吉備内親王).
Empress... | 151 | Empress Genshō | 1 |
10,432 | # Emperor Junnin
was the 47th emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. The seventh son of Prince Toneri and a grandson of Emperor Tenmu, his reign spanned the years 758 to 764.
## Traditional narrative {#traditional_narrative}
Before his ascension to the throne, his name (*imina*) was Ōi-n... | 586 | Emperor Junnin | 0 |
10,432 | # Emperor Junnin
## Ancestry
`{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Emperor Junnin'''
|2= 2. [[Prince Toneri]]
|3= 3. Tagima no Yamashiro
|4= 4. [[Emperor Ten... | 67 | Emperor Junnin | 1 |
10,434 | # Emperor Heizei
, also known as *Heijō-tennō*, was the 51st emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Heizei\'s reign lasted from 806 to 809.
## Traditional narrative {#traditional_narrative}
Heizei was the eldest son of the Emperor Kanmu and empress Fujiwara no Otomuro. Heizei had three e... | 487 | Emperor Heizei | 0 |
10,434 | # Emperor Heizei
## Traditional narrative {#traditional_narrative}
### Era of Heizei\'s reign {#era_of_heizeis_reign}
The years of Heizei\'s reign are encompassed within one era name (*nengō*).
- *Daidō* (806--810)
## Kugyō
is a collective term for the very few most powerful men attached to the court of the Empe... | 363 | Emperor Heizei | 1 |
10,434 | # Emperor Heizei
## Ancestry
`{{ahnentafel
|collapsed=yes |align=center
|boxstyle_1=background-color: #fcc;
|boxstyle_2=background-color: #fb9;
|boxstyle_3=background-color: #ffc;
|boxstyle_4=background-color: #bfc;
|1= 1. '''Emperor Heizei'''
|2= 2. [[Emperor Kanmu]] (737-806)
|3= 3. [[Fujiwara no Otomuro]] (760-790... | 89 | Emperor Heizei | 2 |
10,435 | # Emperor Saga
`{{nihongo|'''Emperor Saga'''|嵯峨天皇|Saga-tennō|October 3, 786 – August 24, 842}}`{=mediawiki} was the 52nd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Saga\'s reign lasted from 809 to 823.
## Traditional narrative {#traditional_narrative}
Saga was the second son of Emperor Kanmu... | 683 | Emperor Saga | 0 |
10,435 | # Emperor Saga
## Consorts and children {#consorts_and_children}
Saga had 49 children with at least 30 different women. Many of the children received the surname Minamoto, thereby removing them from royal succession.
- Empress: Tachibana no Kachiko (橘嘉智子), also known as `{{Nihongo|Empress Danrin|檀林皇后|Danrin-kōgō}}... | 728 | Emperor Saga | 1 |
10,436 | # Emperor Junna
was the 53rd emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Junna reigned from 823 to 833.
## Traditional narrative {#traditional_narrative}
Junna had six empresses and imperial consorts and 13 imperial sons and daughters. His personal name (*imina*) was `{{nihongo|Ōtomo|大伴}}`{=m... | 753 | Emperor Junna | 0 |
10,439 | # Emperor Sukō
(25 May 1334 -- 31 January 1398) was the third of the Emperors of Northern Court during the Period of the Northern and Southern Courts in Japan. According to pre-Meiji scholars, his reign spanned the years from 1348 through 1351.
## Genealogy
His personal name was originally **Masuhito** (益仁), but was... | 363 | Emperor Sukō | 0 |
10,440 | # Emperor Go-Kōgon
was the 4th of the Emperors of Northern Court during the Period of the Northern and Southern Courts. According to pre-Meiji scholars, his reign spanned the years from 1352 through 1371.
This Nanboku-chō \"sovereign\" was named after his father Emperor Kōgon and *go-* (後), translates literally as \"... | 579 | Emperor Go-Kōgon | 0 |
10,441 | # Emperor Go-En'yū
(11 January 1359 -- 6 June 1393) was the 5th of the Emperors of Northern Court during the period of two courts in Japan. According to pre-Meiji scholars, his reign spanned the years from 1371 through 1382.
This Nanboku-chō \"sovereign\" was named after the 10th century Emperor En\'yū and *go-* (後),... | 410 | Emperor Go-En'yū | 0 |
10,442 | # Emperor Suizei
, also known as `{{Nihongo||神沼河耳命|''Kamununakawamimi no Mikoto''}}`{=mediawiki}, was the second legendary emperor of Japan according to the traditional order of succession. Very little is known about this Emperor due to a lack of material available for further verification and study. Suizei is known a... | 604 | Emperor Suizei | 0 |
10,443 | # Emperor Annei
, also known as `{{Nihongo||師木津日子玉手見命|''Shikitsuhikotamatemi no Mikoto''}}`{=mediawiki} was the third legendary emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Very little is known about this Emperor due to a lack of material available for further verification and study. Annei is kn... | 521 | Emperor Annei | 0 |
10,445 | # Emperor Kōshō
, also known as `{{Nihongo||真津日子訶恵志泥命|''Mimatsuhikokaeshine no Mikoto''}}`{=mediawiki} was the fifth legendary emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Very little is known about this Emperor due to a lack of material available for further verification and study. Kōshō is kno... | 493 | Emperor Kōshō | 0 |
10,446 | # Emperor Kōan
, also known as `{{Nihongo||大倭帯日子国押人命|''Yamatotarashihikokunioshihito no Mikoto''}}`{=mediawiki} was the sixth legendary emperor of Japan, according to the traditional order of succession. Very little is known about this Emperor due to a lack of material available for further verification and study. Kōa... | 317 | Emperor Kōan | 0 |
10,446 | # Emperor Kōan
## Known information {#known_information}
The existence of at least the first nine Emperors is disputed due to insufficient material available for further verification and study. Kōan is thus regarded by historians as a \"legendary Emperor\", and is considered to have been the fifth of eight Emperors w... | 324 | Emperor Kōan | 1 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.