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10,834 | # Food preservation
## Traditional techniques {#traditional_techniques}
### Cooling
Cooling preserves food by slowing down the growth and reproduction of microorganisms and the action of enzymes that causes the food to rot. The introduction of commercial and domestic refrigerators drastically improved the diets of ma... | 941 | Food preservation | 1 |
10,834 | # Food preservation
## Traditional techniques {#traditional_techniques}
### *Kangina*
In rural Afghanistan, grapes are preserved in disc-shaped vessels made of mud and straw, called *kangina*. The vessels, which can preserve fresh grapes for up to 6 months, passively control their internal environments to restrict ga... | 368 | Food preservation | 2 |
10,834 | # Food preservation
## Modern industrial techniques {#modern_industrial_techniques}
Techniques of food preservation were developed in research laboratories for commercial applications.
### Aseptic processing {#aseptic_processing}
Aseptic processing works by placing sterilized food (typically by heat, see ultra-high... | 905 | Food preservation | 3 |
10,834 | # Food preservation
## Modern industrial techniques {#modern_industrial_techniques}
### Nonthermal plasma {#nonthermal_plasma}
This process subjects the surface of food to a \"flame\" of ionized gas molecules, such as helium or nitrogen. This causes micro-organisms to die off on the surface.
### High-pressure food p... | 459 | Food preservation | 4 |
10,837 | # Faith and rationality
**Faith and rationality** exist in varying degrees of conflict or compatibility. Rationality is based on reason or facts. Faith is belief in inspiration, revelation, or authority. The word *faith* sometimes refers to a belief that is held in spite of or against reason or empirical evidence, or ... | 653 | Faith and rationality | 0 |
10,842 | # F wave
In neuroscience, an **F wave** is one of several motor responses which may follow the direct motor response (M) evoked by electrical stimulation of peripheral motor or mixed (sensory and motor) nerves. F-waves are the second of two late voltage changes observed after stimulation is applied to the skin surface... | 716 | F wave | 0 |
10,842 | # F wave
## Measurements
Several measurements can be done on the F responses, including:
- *minimal and maximal F wave latencies (ms) -* frequently used in the assessment of demyelinating neuropathic conditions including Guillain-Barré syndrome.
- *chronodispersion -* difference in maximal and minimal latencies ... | 119 | F wave | 1 |
10,844 | # French materialism
**French materialism** is the name given to a handful of French 18th-century philosophers during the Age of Enlightenment, many of them clustered around the salon of Baron d\'Holbach. Although there are important differences between them, all of them were materialists who believed that the world w... | 69 | French materialism | 0 |
10,845 | # February
FEB}} `{{pp-move}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Calendar}}`{=mediawiki}
**February** is the second month of the year in the Julian and Gregorian calendars. The month has 28 days in common years and 29 in leap years, with the 29th day being called the *leap day*. February is the third and last month of meteorological wi... | 869 | February | 0 |
10,845 | # February
## Astronomy
February meteor showers include the Alpha Centaurids (appearing in early February), the March Virginids (lasting from February 14 to April 25, peaking around March 20), the Delta Cancrids (appearing December 14 to February 14, peaking on January 17), the Omicron Centaurids (late January throug... | 503 | February | 1 |
10,845 | # February
## Observances
### Fixed
- February 1
- Abolition of Slavery Day (Mauritius)
- Air Force Day (Nicaragua)
- Federal Territory Day (Kuala Lumpur, Labuan and Putrajaya, Malaysia)
- Heroes\' Day (Rwanda)
- Imbolc (Ireland, Scotland, Isle of Man, and some Neopagan groups in the N... | 775 | February | 2 |
10,846 | # February 1
| 3 | February 1 | 0 |
10,853 | # Fictional language
**Fictional languages** are the subset of constructed languages (conlangs) that have been created as part of a fictional setting (e.g. for use in a book, movie, television show, or video game). Typically they are the creation of one individual, while natural languages evolve out of a particular cu... | 867 | Fictional language | 0 |
10,853 | # Fictional language
## Internet-based fictional languages {#internet_based_fictional_languages}
**Internet-based fictional languages** are hosted along with their \"conworlds\" on the internet, and based at these sites, becoming known to the world through the visitors to these sites. Verdurian, the language of Mark ... | 53 | Fictional language | 1 |
10,857 | # Stage (stratigraphy)
In chronostratigraphy, a **stage** is a succession of rock strata laid down in a single age on the geologic timescale, which usually represents millions of years of deposition. A given stage of rock and the corresponding age of time will by convention have the same name, and the same boundaries.... | 564 | Stage (stratigraphy) | 0 |
10,869 | # Frequentist probability
thumb\|upright=0.9\|John Venn, who provided a thorough exposition of frequentist probability in his book, *The Logic of Chance*
**Frequentist probability** or **frequentism** is an interpretation of probability; it defines an event\'s probability (the *long-run probability*) as the limit of ... | 304 | Frequentist probability | 0 |
10,869 | # Frequentist probability
## Scope
The frequentist interpretation is a philosophical approach to the definition and use of probabilities; it is one of several such approaches. It does not claim to capture all connotations of the concept \'probable\' in colloquial speech of natural languages.
As an interpretation, it... | 285 | Frequentist probability | 1 |
10,869 | # Frequentist probability
## History
The frequentist view may have been foreshadowed by Aristotle, in *Rhetoric*, when he wrote: `{{Quote|
the probable is that which for the most part happens — [[Aristotle]] [[Rhetoric (Aristotle)|''Rhetoric'']]<ref name=aristorhetor>
{{cite book
|author = [[Aristotle]]
|title = Rh... | 720 | Frequentist probability | 2 |
10,869 | # Frequentist probability
## Alternative views {#alternative_views}
Probability theory is a branch of mathematics. While its roots reach centuries into the past, it reached maturity with the axioms of Andrey Kolmogorov in 1933. The theory focuses on the valid operations on probability values rather than on the initia... | 284 | Frequentist probability | 3 |
10,871 | # FM-2030
**FM-2030** (born **Fereidoun M. Esfandiary**; *فریدون اسفندیاری*; October 15, 1930 -- July 8, 2000) was a Belgian-born Iranian-American author, teacher, transhumanist philosopher, futurist, consultant, and Olympic athlete.
He became notable as a transhumanist with the book *Are You a Transhuman?: Monitorin... | 883 | FM-2030 | 0 |
10,871 | # FM-2030
## Death
FM-2030 died on July 8, 2000, from pancreatic cancer at a friend\'s apartment in Manhattan. He was placed in cryonic suspension at the Alcor Life Extension Foundation in Scottsdale, Arizona, where his body remains today. He did not yet have remote standby arrangements, so no Alcor team member was p... | 169 | FM-2030 | 1 |
10,874 | # West Flemish
**West Flemish** (*West-Vlams* or *West-Vloams* or *Vlaemsch* (in French Flanders), *West-Vlaams*, *flamand occidental*) is a collection of Low Franconian varieties spoken in western Belgium and the neighbouring areas of France and the Netherlands.
West Flemish is spoken by about a million people in th... | 640 | West Flemish | 0 |
10,874 | # West Flemish
## Grammar
### Plural form {#plural_form}
Plural forms in Standard Dutch most often add *-en*, but West Flemish usually uses *-s*, like the Low Saxon dialects and even more prominently in English in which *-en* has become very rare. Under the influence of Standard Dutch, *-s* is being used by fewer pe... | 436 | West Flemish | 1 |
10,880 | # Plurality voting
**Plurality voting** refers to electoral systems in which the candidates in an electoral district who poll more than any other (that is, receive a plurality) are elected.
Under single-winner plurality voting, and in systems based on single-member districts, plurality voting is called single member ... | 945 | Plurality voting | 0 |
10,880 | # Plurality voting
## Plurality voting procedures {#plurality_voting_procedures}
### Examples
#### Single-winner {#single_winner}
This is a general example for single-winner plurality voting (\"first-past-the-post\"), using population percentages taken from one state for illustrative purposes. `{{Tenn voting example... | 657 | Plurality voting | 1 |
10,880 | # Plurality voting
## Issues
### In all plurality systems {#in_all_plurality_systems}
#### Wasted votes {#wasted_votes}
Wasted votes are those cast for candidates or parties who did not get elected. Some number of wasted votes by this definition is practically unavoidable, but plurality systems suffer from large nu... | 1,467 | Plurality voting | 2 |
10,880 | # Plurality voting
## Issues
### In all plurality systems {#in_all_plurality_systems}
#### Manipulation charges {#manipulation_charges}
The presence of spoilers often gives rise to suspicions that manipulation of the slate has taken place. The spoiler may have received incentives to run. A spoiler may also drop out a... | 274 | Plurality voting | 3 |
10,880 | # Plurality voting
## Issues
### In some plurality systems {#in_some_plurality_systems}
#### Fewer political parties {#fewer_political_parties}
Duverger\'s law is a theory that constituencies that use first-past-the-post systems will eventually become a two-party system after enough time. The two dominating parties ... | 397 | Plurality voting | 4 |
10,880 | # Plurality voting
## Issues
### Issues specific to particular countries {#issues_specific_to_particular_countries}
#### Solomon Islands {#solomon_islands}
In August 2008, Sir Peter Kenilorea commented on what he perceived as the flaws of a first-past-the-post electoral system in the Solomon Islands: `{{Blockquote|'... | 617 | Plurality voting | 5 |
10,880 | # Plurality voting
## Voting system attributes and comparison to non-plurality systems {#voting_system_attributes_and_comparison_to_non_plurality_systems}
### Attributes and criteria {#attributes_and_criteria}
**Majority criterion:** Will a candidate always win who is ranked as the unique favorite by a majority of v... | 621 | Plurality voting | 6 |
10,880 | # Plurality voting
## International examples {#international_examples}
Plurality voting is used for local and/or national elections in 43 of the 193 countries that are members of the United Nations. It is particularly prevalent in the United Kingdom, the United States, Canada and India.
### General elections in the ... | 761 | Plurality voting | 7 |
10,883 | # Free trade area
A **free trade area** is the region encompassing a trade bloc whose member countries have signed a free trade agreement (FTA). Such agreements involve cooperation between at least two countries to reduce trade barriers, import quotas and tariffs, and to increase trade of goods and services with each ... | 288 | Free trade area | 0 |
10,883 | # Free trade area
## Legal aspects of free trade areas {#legal_aspects_of_free_trade_areas}
The formation of free trade areas is considered an exception to the most favored nation (MFN) principle in the World Trade Organization (WTO) because the preferences that parties to a free trade area exclusively grant each oth... | 330 | Free trade area | 1 |
10,883 | # Free trade area
## Economic aspects of free trade areas {#economic_aspects_of_free_trade_areas}
**Trade diversion and trade creation**
In general, *trade diversion* means that a free trade area would divert trade away from more efficient suppliers outside the area towards less efficient ones within the areas. Wher... | 389 | Free trade area | 2 |
10,883 | # Free trade area
## Databases on free trade areas {#databases_on_free_trade_areas}
Since there are hundreds of free trade areas currently in force and being negotiated (about 800 according to ITC\'s [Rules of Origin Facilitator](http://findrulesoforigin.org/home/agreements), counting also non-reciprocal trade arrang... | 397 | Free trade area | 3 |
10,887 | # Finagle's law
**Finagle\'s law of dynamic negatives** (also known as **Melody\'s law**, **Sod\'s Law** or **Finagle\'s corollary to Murphy\'s law**) is usually rendered as \"Anything that can go wrong, will---at the worst possible moment.\"
The term \"Finagle\'s law\" is often associated with John W. Campbell Jr., ... | 443 | Finagle's law | 0 |
10,893 | # Fencing
**Fencing** is a combat sport that features sword fighting. It consists of three primary disciplines: foil, épée, and sabre (also spelled *saber*), each with its own blade and set of rules. Most competitive fencers specialise in one of these disciplines. The modern sport gained prominence near the end of the... | 774 | Fencing | 0 |
10,893 | # Fencing
## History
Fencing traces its roots to the development of swordsmanship for duels and self-defence. Described as \"high-speed chess\", each bout begins and ends with a salute. Good sportsmanship and honor are stressed at every level of training and competition.
The oldest surviving treatise on western fenc... | 769 | Fencing | 1 |
10,893 | # Fencing
## Weapons
Each of the three weapons in fencing has its own rules and strategies.
### Foil
thumb\|upright=0.7\|Valid foil targets *Main article: Foil (fencing)* The foil is a light thrusting weapon with a maximum weight of 500 grams. The foil targets the torso, but not the arms or legs. The foil has a sma... | 549 | Fencing | 2 |
10,893 | # Fencing
## Equipment
### Protective clothing {#protective_clothing}
Most personal protective equipment for fencing is made of tough cotton or nylon. Kevlar was added to top level uniform pieces (jacket, breeches, underarm protector, lamé, and the bib of the mask) following the death of Vladimir Smirnov at the 1982... | 774 | Fencing | 3 |
10,893 | # Fencing
## Equipment
### Electric equipment {#electric_equipment}
A set of electric fencing equipment is required to participate in electric fencing. Electric equipment in fencing varies depending on the weapon with which it is used in accordance. The main component of a set of electric equipment is the body cord. ... | 657 | Fencing | 4 |
10,893 | # Fencing
## Techniques
Techniques or movements in fencing can be divided into two categories: offensive and defensive. Some techniques can fall into both categories (e.g. the beat). Certain techniques are used offensively, with the purpose of landing a hit on one\'s opponent while holding the right of way (foil and ... | 712 | Fencing | 5 |
10,893 | # Fencing
## Techniques
### Defensive
- Parry: Basic defence technique, block the opponent\'s weapon while it is preparing or executing an attack to deflect the blade away from the fencer\'s valid area and (in foil and sabre) to give fencer the right of way. Usually followed by a riposte, a return attack by the def... | 484 | Fencing | 6 |
10,893 | # Fencing
## In popular culture {#in_popular_culture}
One of the most notable films related to fencing is the 2015 Finnish-Estonian-German film *The Fencer*, directed by Klaus Härö, which is loosely based on the life of Endel Nelis, an accomplished Estonian fencer and coach. The film was nominated for the 73rd Golden... | 86 | Fencing | 7 |
10,894 | # The Free Software Definition
***The Free Software Definition*** is a policy document written by Richard Stallman and published by the Free Software Foundation (FSF). It defines free software as software that grants users the freedom to use, study, share, and modify the software. The term \"free\" is used in the sens... | 386 | The Free Software Definition | 0 |
10,909 | # Foonly
**Foonly Inc.** was an American computer company formed by Dave Poole in 1976, that produced a series of DEC PDP-10 compatible mainframe computers.
The first and most famous Foonly machine, the F1, was the computer used by Triple-I to create some of the computer-generated imagery in the 1982 film *Tron*.
##... | 691 | Foonly | 0 |
10,909 | # Foonly
## Peripherals
Standard equipment:
- Disk drives: 1--6 units, with choices of 160 MB Winchester or 300 MB removable
- Tape drives: 1--4 units, with choices of 800, 1600 & 6250 BPI
## Software
The Foonly machines, which could run the TENEX operating system, came with a derivative thereof, FOONEX.
## T... | 80 | Foonly | 1 |
10,923 | # Fontainebleau
**Fontainebleau** (`{{IPAc-en|'|f|ɒ|n|t|ɛ|n|b|l|əʊ}}`{=mediawiki} `{{respell|FON|ten|bloh}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{IPAc-en|USalso|-|b|l|uː}}`{=mediawiki} `{{respell|-|bloo}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{IPA|fr|fɔ̃tɛnblo|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-Baidax-Fontainebleau.wav}}`{=mediawiki}) is a commune in the metropolitan area of ... | 732 | Fontainebleau | 0 |
10,923 | # Fontainebleau
## History
### Modern period {#modern_period}
On 29 October 1807, Manuel Godoy, chancellor to the Spanish king, Charles IV and Napoleon signed the Treaty of Fontainebleau, which authorized the passage of French troops through Spanish territories so that they might invade Portugal.
On 20 June 1812, Po... | 417 | Fontainebleau | 1 |
10,923 | # Fontainebleau
## Tourism
Fontainebleau is a popular tourist destination; each year, 300,000 people visit the palace and more than 13 million people visit the forest.
### Forest of Fontainebleau {#forest_of_fontainebleau}
The forest of Fontainebleau surrounds the town and dozens of nearby villages. It is protected... | 375 | Fontainebleau | 2 |
10,923 | # Fontainebleau
## Notable people {#notable_people}
- Aga Khan IV, international business magnate
- Alfonso XIII, king of Spain, after his abdication
- Raoul Anglès (1887--1967), politician
- Arnold Bennett (1867--1931), writer, lived in Fontainebleau from 1908 to 1912
- Rosa Bonheur, a 19th-century artist
... | 482 | Fontainebleau | 3 |
10,945 | # Albert Park Circuit
The **Albert Park Circuit** is a motorsport street circuit around Albert Park Lake in the suburb of Albert Park in Melbourne. It is used annually as a circuit for the Formula One Australian Grand Prix, the supporting Supercars Championship Melbourne SuperSprint and other associated support races.... | 601 | Albert Park Circuit | 0 |
10,945 | # Albert Park Circuit
## Everyday access {#everyday_access}
During the nine months of the year when the track is not required for Grand Prix preparation or the race weekend, most of the track can be driven by ordinary street-registered vehicles either clockwise or anti-clockwise.
Only the sections between turns 3, 4... | 333 | Albert Park Circuit | 1 |
10,945 | # Albert Park Circuit
## History
### Albert Park Circuit (1953--1958) {#albert_park_circuit_19531958}
Prior to World War II, attempts were made to use Albert Park for motor racing. The first was in 1934 but failed due to opposition, and a second attempt for a motorcycle race in 1937 similarly failed. Finally in 1953... | 507 | Albert Park Circuit | 2 |
10,945 | # Albert Park Circuit
## Race lap records {#race_lap_records}
As of March 2024, the fastest official race lap records at the Albert Park Circuit are listed as:
Category Driver Vehicle Time Date
-----------------------------... | 346 | Albert Park Circuit | 3 |
10,963 | # Forgetting
**Forgetting** or **disremembering** is the apparent loss or modification of information already encoded and stored in an individual\'s short or long-term memory. It is a spontaneous or gradual process in which old memories are unable to be recalled from memory storage. Problems with remembering, learning... | 607 | Forgetting | 0 |
10,963 | # Forgetting
## Measurements
Forgetting can be measured in different ways all of which are based on recall:
### Recall
For this type of measurement, a participant has to identify material that was previously learned. The participant is asked to remember a list of material. Later on they are shown the same list of m... | 401 | Forgetting | 1 |
10,963 | # Forgetting
## Theories
The four main theories of forgetting apparent in the study of psychology are as follows:
### Cue-dependent forgetting {#cue_dependent_forgetting}
Cue-dependent forgetting (also, context-dependent forgetting) or retrieval failure, is the failure to recall a memory due to missing stimuli or c... | 394 | Forgetting | 2 |
10,963 | # Forgetting
## Theories
### Interference theories {#interference_theories}
Interference theory refers to the idea that when the learning of something new causes forgetting of older material on the basis of competition between the two. This essentially states that memory\'s information may become confused or combined... | 422 | Forgetting | 3 |
10,963 | # Forgetting
## Theories
### Trace decay theory {#trace_decay_theory}
Decay theory states that when something new is learned, a neurochemical, physical \"memory trace\" is formed in the brain and over time this trace tends to disintegrate, unless it is occasionally used. Decay theory states the reason we eventually f... | 742 | Forgetting | 4 |
10,963 | # Forgetting
## Social forgetting {#social_forgetting}
Psychologists have called attention to \"social aspects of forgetting\". Though often loosely defined, social amnesia is generally considered to be the opposite of collective memory. \"Social amnesia\" was first discussed by Russell Jacoby, yet his use of the ter... | 235 | Forgetting | 5 |
10,965 | # Fay Wray
**Vina Fay Wray** (September 15, 1907 -- August 8, 2004) was a Canadian-American actress best known for starring as Ann Darrow in the 1933 film *King Kong*. Through an acting career that spanned nearly six decades, Wray attained international recognition as an actress in horror films. She has been dubbed th... | 646 | Fay Wray | 0 |
10,965 | # Fay Wray
## Life and career {#life_and_career}
### Later career {#later_career}
Wray continued starring in films, including *The Richest Girl in the World*, but by the early 1940s, her appearances became less frequent. She retired in 1942 after her second marriage but due to financial exigencies she soon resumed he... | 588 | Fay Wray | 1 |
10,965 | # Fay Wray
## Death
Wray died in her sleep of natural causes on the night of August 8, 2004, in her apartment on Fifth Avenue Manhattan. She is interred at the Hollywood Forever Cemetery in Hollywood, California.
Two days after her death, the lights of the Empire State Building were lowered for 15 minutes in her mem... | 1,019 | Fay Wray | 2 |
10,965 | # Fay Wray
## Filmography
### Partial Television Credits {#partial_television_credits}
Year Title Role Notes
----------- --------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------... | 112 | Fay Wray | 3 |
10,971 | # Free-running sleep
**Free-running sleep** is a rare sleep pattern whereby the sleep schedule of a person shifts later every day. It occurs as the sleep disorder non-24-hour sleep--wake disorder or artificially as part of experiments used in the study of circadian rhythms and other rhythms in biology. Study subjects ... | 523 | Free-running sleep | 0 |
10,980 | # Four Freedoms
The **Four Freedoms** were goals articulated by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt on Monday, January 6, 1941. In an address known as the Four Freedoms speech (technically the **1941 State of the Union address**), he proposed four fundamental freedoms that people \"everywhere in the world\" ought to ... | 311 | Four Freedoms | 0 |
10,980 | # Four Freedoms
## Historical context {#historical_context}
In the 1930s many Americans, arguing that the involvement in World War I had been a mistake, were adamantly against continued intervention in European affairs. With the Neutrality Acts established after 1935, U.S. law banned the sale of armaments to countrie... | 645 | Four Freedoms | 1 |
10,980 | # Four Freedoms
## Opposition
The Four Freedoms Speech was popular, and the goals were influential in postwar politics. However, in 1941 the speech received heavy criticism from anti-war elements. Critics argued that the Four Freedoms were simply a charter for Roosevelt\'s New Deal, social reforms that had already cr... | 612 | Four Freedoms | 2 |
10,980 | # Four Freedoms
## In popular culture {#in_popular_culture}
- John Crowley\'s novel *Four Freedoms* (2009) is largely based on the themes of Roosevelt\'s speech.
- FDR commissioned sculptor Walter Russell to design a monument to be dedicated to the first hero of the war. The *Four Freedoms Monument* was created i... | 331 | Four Freedoms | 3 |
10,980 | # Four Freedoms
## Norman Rockwell\'s paintings {#norman_rockwells_paintings}
*Four Freedoms* (Rockwell)}} Roosevelt\'s speech inspired a set of four paintings by Norman Rockwell.
### Paintings
The members of the set, known collectively as *The Four Freedoms*, were published in four consecutive issues of *The Satur... | 242 | Four Freedoms | 4 |
10,990 | # Fimbulwinter
**Fimbulwinter** (from *\'\'\'Fimbulvetr\'\'\'*, `{{lit|lk=yes|mighty winter}}`{=mediawiki}) is the immediate prelude to the events of Ragnarök in Norse mythology.
## Etymology
comes from Old Norse, meaning \"awful, mighty winter\". The prefix *fimbul*, albeit with a largely unknown etymology, means \... | 216 | Fimbulwinter | 0 |
10,996 | # François d'Aguilon
thumb\|upright=1.1\|*Opticorum libri sex*, 1613 **François d\'Aguilon** (`{{IPA|fr|fʁɑ̃swa daɡilɔ̃}}`{=mediawiki}; also d\'Aguillon or in Latin **Franciscus Aguilonius**) (4 January 1567 -- 20 March 1617) was a Jesuit, mathematician, physicist, and architect from the Spanish Netherlands.
D\'Aguil... | 916 | François d'Aguilon | 0 |
10,997 | # Hyphanet
**Hyphanet** (until mid-2023: **Freenet**) is a peer-to-peer platform for censorship-resistant, anonymous communication. It uses a decentralized distributed data store to keep and deliver information, and has a suite of free software for publishing and communicating on the Web without fear of censorship.Tay... | 623 | Hyphanet | 0 |
10,997 | # Hyphanet
## Features and user interface {#features_and_user_interface}
Freenet served as the model for the Japanese peer to peer file-sharing programs Winny, Share and Perfect Dark, but this model differs from p2p networks such as Bittorrent and emule. Freenet separates the underlying network structure and protocol... | 475 | Hyphanet | 1 |
10,997 | # Hyphanet
## Content
Freenet\'s founders argue that true freedom of speech comes only with true anonymity and that the beneficial uses of Freenet outweigh its negative uses. Their view is that free speech, in itself, is not in contradiction with any other consideration---the information is not the crime. Freenet att... | 1,023 | Hyphanet | 2 |
10,997 | # Hyphanet
## Technical design {#technical_design}
### Protocol
The Freenet protocol uses a key-based routing protocol, similar to distributed hash tables. The routing algorithm changed significantly in version 0.7. Prior to version 0.7, Freenet used a heuristic routing algorithm where each node had no fixed location... | 862 | Hyphanet | 3 |
10,997 | # Hyphanet
## Technical design {#technical_design}
### Keys
Keys are hashes: there is no notion of semantic closeness when speaking of key closeness. Therefore, there will be no correlation between key closeness and similar popularity of data as there might be if keys did exhibit some semantic meaning, thus avoiding ... | 534 | Hyphanet | 4 |
10,997 | # Hyphanet
## Darknet versus opennet {#darknet_versus_opennet}
As of version 0.7, Freenet supports both \"darknet\" and \"opennet\" connections. Opennet connections are made automatically by nodes with opennet enabled, while darknet connections are manually established between users that know and trust each other. Fr... | 282 | Hyphanet | 5 |
10,997 | # Hyphanet
## Tools and applications {#tools_and_applications}
Unlike many other P2P applications Freenet does not provide comprehensive functionality itself. Freenet is modular and features an API called Freenet Client Protocol (FCP) for other programs to use to implement services such as message boards, file sharin... | 577 | Hyphanet | 6 |
10,997 | # Hyphanet
## Freesite
A \"freesite\" is a site hosted on the Freenet network. Because it contains only static content, it cannot contain any active content like server-side scripts or databases. Freesites are coded in HTML and support as many features as the browser viewing the page allows; however, there are some e... | 87 | Hyphanet | 7 |
11,003 | # Five-spice powder
**Five-spice powder** (`{{zh|t=五香粉|p=wǔxiāng fěn}}`{=mediawiki}) is a spice mixture of five or more spices---commonly star anise, cloves, Chinese cinnamon, Sichuan pepper, and fennel seeds---used predominantly in almost all branches of Chinese cuisine. The five flavors of the spices reflect the fiv... | 386 | Five-spice powder | 0 |
11,010 | # February 21
| 3 | February 21 | 0 |
11,016 | # Francisco Álvares
**Francisco Álvares** (c. 1465 -- 1536--1541) was a Portuguese missionary and explorer. In 1515 he traveled to Ethiopia as part of the Portuguese embassy to emperor Lebna Dengel accompanied by returning Ethiopian ambassador Matheus. The embassy arrived only in 1520 to Ethiopia where he joined long ... | 375 | Francisco Álvares | 0 |
11,016 | # Francisco Álvares
## Álvares\' writings {#álvares_writings}
In 1540, Luís Rodrigues published a version of Álvares account in a one volume folio, entitled *Verdadeira Informação das Terras do Preste João das Indias* (\"A True Relation of the Lands of Prester John of the Indies\"). C.F. Beckingham and G.W.B. Hunting... | 387 | Francisco Álvares | 1 |
11,018 | # Fifth Monarchists
thumb\|right\|upright=1.0\|Title page of *A Brief description of the Fifth Monarchy or Kingdome* (1653) by William Aspinwall.
The **Fifth Monarchists**, or **Fifth Monarchy Men**, were a Protestant sect with millennialist views active between 1649 and 1660 in the Commonwealth of England. The group... | 468 | Fifth Monarchists | 0 |
11,018 | # Fifth Monarchists
## Origins and the Commonwealth {#origins_and_the_commonwealth}
left\|thumb\|upright=0.8\|Major-General Thomas Harrison, Fifth Monarchist leader executed as a regicide in 1660
The outbreak of the Wars of the Three Kingdoms in 1639 led to an exponential increase in the dissemination of radical pol... | 868 | Fifth Monarchists | 1 |
11,018 | # Fifth Monarchists
## Notable members and sympathisers {#notable_members_and_sympathisers}
- Praise-God Barebone; gave his name to the 1653 Barebone\'s Parliament, arrested after the 1660 Restoration but later released and died in 1679;
- John Carew; executed as a regicide in 1661;
- Mary Cary (prophetess); di... | 469 | Fifth Monarchists | 2 |
11,025 | # February 20
| 3 | February 20 | 0 |
11,037 | # Freyr
**Freyr** (Old Norse: \'Lord\'), sometimes anglicized as **Frey**, is a widely attested god in Norse mythology, associated with kingship, fertility, peace, prosperity, fair weather, and good harvest. Freyr, sometimes referred to as Yngvi-Freyr, was especially associated with Sweden and seen as an ancestor of t... | 477 | Freyr | 0 |
11,037 | # Freyr
## Adam of Bremen {#adam_of_bremen}
Written c. 1080, one of the oldest written sources on pre-Christian Scandinavian religious practices is Adam of Bremen\'s *\[\[Gesta Hammaburgensis ecclesiae pontificum\]\]*. Adam claimed to have access to first-hand accounts on pagan practices in Sweden. He refers to Frey... | 333 | Freyr | 1 |
11,037 | # Freyr
## *Prose Edda* {#prose_edda}
When Snorri Sturluson was writing in 13th century Iceland, the indigenous Germanic gods were still remembered although they had not been openly worshiped for more than two centuries.
### *Gylfaginning*
In the *Gylfaginning* section of his *Prose Edda*, Snorri introduces Freyr a... | 1,000 | Freyr | 2 |
11,037 | # Freyr
## *Prose Edda* {#prose_edda}
### *Nafnaþulur*
In *Nafnaþulur* Freyr is said to ride the horse Blóðughófi (*Bloody Hoof*).
| 20 | Freyr | 3 |
11,037 | # Freyr
## *Poetic Edda* {#poetic_edda}
thumb\|right\|upright=1.36\|A detail from Gotland runestone G 181, in the Swedish Museum of National Antiquities in Stockholm. The three men are interpreted as Odin, Thor, and Freyr. Freyr is mentioned in several of the poems in the *Poetic Edda*. The information there is large... | 908 | Freyr | 4 |
11,037 | # Freyr
## *Ynglinga saga* {#ynglinga_saga}
Snorri Sturluson starts his epic history of the kings of Norway with *Ynglinga saga*, a euhemerized account of the Norse gods. Here Odin and the Æsir are men from Asia who gain power through their prowess in war and Odin\'s skills. But when Odin attacks the Vanir he bites o... | 1,148 | Freyr | 5 |
11,037 | # Freyr
## *Gesta Danorum* {#gesta_danorum}
The 12th Century Danish *Gesta Danorum* describes Freyr, under the name **Frø**, as the \"viceroy of the gods\".
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------... | 642 | Freyr | 6 |
11,037 | # Freyr
## Yngvi
A strophe of the Anglo-Saxon rune poem (c. 1100) records that:
: *Ing was first among the East Danes seen by men*
This may refer to the origins of the worship of **Ingui** in the tribal areas that Tacitus mentions in his *Germania* as being populated by the Inguieonnic tribes. A later Danish chro... | 272 | Freyr | 7 |
11,037 | # Freyr
## Archaeological record {#archaeological_record}
### Rällinge statuette {#rällinge_statuette}
In 1904, a Viking Age statuette identified as a depiction of Freyr was discovered on the farm Rällinge in Lunda, Södermanland parish in the province of Södermanland, Sweden. The depiction features a cross-legged se... | 648 | Freyr | 8 |
11,043 | # Front line
A **front line** (alternatively **front-line** or **frontline**) in military terminology is the position(s) closest to the area of conflict of an armed force\'s personnel and equipment, usually referring to land forces. When a front (an intentional or unintentional boundary) between opposing sides forms, ... | 442 | Front line | 0 |
11,052 | # List of presidents of FIFA
The following is a **list of presidents of the Fédération Internationale de Football Association** (FIFA), the world association football governing body.
Presidents Daniel Burley Woolfall, Rodolphe Seeldrayers, and Arthur Drewry died during their term in office.
The current president is ... | 774 | List of presidents of FIFA | 0 |
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