id int64 39 11.1M | section stringlengths 3 4.51M | length int64 2 49.9k | title stringlengths 1 182 | chunk_id int64 0 68 |
|---|---|---|---|---|
2,113 | # Axiom of regularity
## Regularity and Russell\'s paradox {#regularity_and_russells_paradox}
Naive set theory (the axiom schema of unrestricted comprehension and the axiom of extensionality) is inconsistent due to Russell\'s paradox. In early formalizations of sets, mathematicians and logicians have avoided that con... | 754 | Axiom of regularity | 3 |
2,113 | # Axiom of regularity
## Regularity in the presence of urelements {#regularity_in_the_presence_of_urelements}
Urelements are objects that are not sets, but which can be elements of sets. In ZF set theory, there are no urelements, but in some other set theories such as ZFA, there are. In these theories, the axiom of r... | 91 | Axiom of regularity | 4 |
2,115 | # AppleTalk
**AppleTalk** is a discontinued proprietary suite of networking protocols developed by Apple Computer for their Macintosh computers. AppleTalk includes a number of features that allow local area networks to be connected with no prior setup or the need for a centralized router or server of any sort. Connect... | 909 | AppleTalk | 0 |
2,115 | # AppleTalk
## History
### AppleTalk Personal Network {#appletalk_personal_network}
Just prior to its release in early 1985, AppleBus was renamed **AppleTalk**. Initially marketed as **AppleTalk Personal Network**, it comprised a family of network protocols and a physical layer.
The physical layer had a number of li... | 440 | AppleTalk | 1 |
2,115 | # AppleTalk
## History
### PhoneNet and other adaptors {#phonenet_and_other_adaptors}
Slow but inexpensive, AppleTalk became widely popular.`{{r|satchell19870817}}`{=mediawiki} A thriving third-party market for AppleTalk devices developed over the next few years. One particularly notable example was an alternate adap... | 748 | AppleTalk | 2 |
2,115 | # AppleTalk
## History
### AppleTalk Phase II and other developments {#appletalk_phase_ii_and_other_developments}
A significant re-design was released in 1989 as **AppleTalk Phase II**. In many ways, Phase II can be considered an effort to make the earlier version (never called Phase I) more generic. LANs could now s... | 382 | AppleTalk | 3 |
2,115 | # AppleTalk
## History
### The capital-I Internet {#the_capital_i_internet}
From the beginning of AppleTalk, users wanted to connect the Macintosh to TCP/IP network environments. In 1984, Bill Croft at Stanford University pioneered the development of IP packets encapsulated in DDP as part of the SEAGATE (Stanford Eth... | 532 | AppleTalk | 4 |
2,115 | # AppleTalk
## Design
The AppleTalk design rigorously followed the OSI model of protocol layering. Unlike most of the early LAN systems, AppleTalk was not built using the archetypal Xerox XNS system. The intended target was not Ethernet, and it did not have 48-bit addresses to route. Nevertheless, many portions of th... | 268 | AppleTalk | 5 |
2,115 | # AppleTalk
## Addressing
An AppleTalk address was a four-byte quantity. This consisted of a two-byte network number, a one-byte node number, and a one-byte socket number. Of these, only the network number required any configuration, being obtained from a router. Each node dynamically chose its own node number, accor... | 389 | AppleTalk | 6 |
2,115 | # AppleTalk
## Protocols
### AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol {#appletalk_address_resolution_protocol}
The AppleTalk Address Resolution Protocol (AARP) resolves AppleTalk addresses to link layer addresses. It is functionally equivalent to ARP and obtains address resolution by a method very similar to ARP.
AARP... | 835 | AppleTalk | 7 |
2,115 | # AppleTalk
## Protocols
### AppleTalk Echo Protocol {#appletalk_echo_protocol}
The AppleTalk Echo Protocol (AEP) was a transport layer protocol designed to test the reachability of network nodes. AEP generates packets to be sent to the network node and is identified in the Type field of a packet as an AEP packet. Th... | 440 | AppleTalk | 8 |
2,115 | # AppleTalk
## Physical implementation {#physical_implementation}
The initial default hardware implementation for AppleTalk was a high-speed serial protocol known as *LocalTalk* that used the Macintosh\'s built-in RS-422 ports at 230.4 kbit/s. LocalTalk used a splitter box in the RS-422 port to provide an upstream an... | 376 | AppleTalk | 9 |
2,115 | # AppleTalk
## Networking model {#networking_model}
+--------------+-------------------------------------------+
| OSI Model | Corresponding AppleTalk layers |
+==============+===========================================+
| Application | Apple Filing Protocol (AFP) |
+--------------+------... | 579 | AppleTalk | 10 |
2,120 | # Aliphatic compound
In organic chemistry, hydrocarbons (compounds composed solely of carbon and hydrogen) are divided into two classes: aromatic compounds and **aliphatic compounds** (`{{IPAc-en|ˌ|æ|l|ᵻ|ˈ|f|æ|t|ᵻ|k}}`{=mediawiki}; G. *aleiphar*, fat, oil). Aliphatic compounds can be saturated (in which all the C-C bo... | 260 | Aliphatic compound | 0 |
2,125 | # Algebraic extension
In mathematics, an **algebraic extension** is a field extension `{{math|''L''/''K''}}`{=mediawiki} such that every element of the larger field `{{mvar|L}}`{=mediawiki} is algebraic over the smaller field `{{mvar|K}}`{=mediawiki}; that is, every element of `{{mvar|L}}`{=mediawiki} is a root of a n... | 634 | Algebraic extension | 0 |
2,137 | # Aster CT-80
The **Aster CT-80** is a 1982 personal computer developed by the small Dutch company MCP (later renamed to Aster Computers), was sold in its first incarnation as a kit for hobbyists. Later it was sold ready to use. It consisted of several Eurocard PCB\'s with DIN 41612 connectors, and a backplane all bas... | 764 | Aster CT-80 | 0 |
2,137 | # Aster CT-80
## Company
Aster computers was based in the small town of Arkel near the town of Gorinchem. Initially Aster computer b.v. was called MCP (Music print Computer Product), because it was specialized in producing computer assisted printing of sheet music. The director of the company was interested in Microp... | 1,281 | Aster CT-80 | 1 |
2,137 | # Aster CT-80
## Unreleased add ons {#unreleased_add_ons}
To enhance and modernize the Aster CT-80 the company also designed three alternative video display adapters to supplement or replace the TRS-80 compatible video card, (due to the modular nature of the Aster it was simply a matter of changing the video card, an... | 724 | Aster CT-80 | 2 |
2,151 | # Anton Drexler
**Anton Drexler** (13 June 1884 -- 24 February 1942) was a German far-right political agitator for the *Völkisch* movement in the 1920s. He founded the German Workers\' Party (DAP), the pan-German and anti-Semitic antecedent of the Nazi Party (NSDAP). Drexler mentored his successor in the NSDAP, Adolf ... | 813 | Anton Drexler | 0 |
2,161 | # Artistic License
The **Artistic License** is an open-source license used for certain free and open-source software packages, most notably the standard implementation of the Perl programming language and most CPAN modules, which are dual-licensed under the Artistic License and the GNU General Public License (GPL).
#... | 621 | Artistic License | 0 |
2,163 | # Aeolus
In Greek mythology, **Aiolos**, transcribed as **Aeolus** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|iː|ə|l|ə|s}}`{=mediawiki}; *Αἴολος* `{{IPA|grc|ǎi̯.olos|}}`{=mediawiki}; *label=\[\[Modern Greek\]\]* `{{IPA|el|ˈe.olos||Ell-Aiolos.ogg}}`{=mediawiki}) refers to three characters. These three are often difficult to tell apart, and even th... | 220 | Aeolus | 0 |
2,179 | # Autobiography
An **autobiography**, sometimes informally called an **autobio**, is a self-written account of one\'s own life, providing a personal narrative that reflects on the author\'s experiences, memories, and insights. This genre allows individuals to share their unique perspectives and stories, offering reade... | 496 | Autobiography | 0 |
2,179 | # Autobiography
## Related forms {#related_forms}
### Spiritual autobiography {#spiritual_autobiography}
Spiritual autobiography is an account of an author\'s struggle or journey towards God, followed by conversion a religious conversion, often interrupted by moments of regression. The author re-frames their life as... | 428 | Autobiography | 1 |
2,179 | # Autobiography
## History
### The classical period: Apologia, oration, confession {#the_classical_period_apologia_oration_confession}
In antiquity such works were typically entitled *apologia*, purporting to be self-justification rather than self-documentation. The title of John Henry Newman\'s 1864 Christian confe... | 988 | Autobiography | 2 |
2,179 | # Autobiography
## History
### 20th and 21st centuries {#th_and_21st_centuries}
From the 17th century onwards, \"scandalous memoirs\" by supposed libertines, serving a public taste for titillation, have been frequently published. Typically pseudonymous, they were (and are) largely works of fiction written by ghostwri... | 205 | Autobiography | 3 |
2,193 | # Arcology
thumb\|upright=1.3\|Concept design for the NOAH (New Orleans Arcology Habitat) proposal, designed by E. Kevin Schopfer **Arcology**, a portmanteau of \"architecture\" and \"ecology\", is a field of creating architectural design principles for very densely populated and ecologically low-impact human habitats... | 495 | Arcology | 0 |
2,193 | # Arcology
## Similar real-world projects {#similar_real_world_projects}
Arcosanti is an experimental \"arcology prototype\", a demonstration project under construction in central Arizona since 1970. Designed by Paolo Soleri, its primary purpose is to demonstrate Soleri\'s personal designs, his application of princip... | 336 | Arcology | 1 |
2,193 | # Arcology
## In popular culture {#in_popular_culture}
Most proposals to build real arcologies have failed due to financial, structural or conceptual shortcomings. Arcologies are therefore found primarily in fictional works.
- In Robert Silverberg\'s *The World Inside*, most of the global population of 75 billion ... | 270 | Arcology | 2 |
2,218 | # Additive synthesis
**Additive synthesis** is a sound synthesis technique that creates timbre by adding sine waves together.
The timbre of musical instruments can be considered in the light of Fourier theory to consist of multiple harmonic or inharmonic *partials* or overtones. Each partial is a sine wave of differe... | 432 | Additive synthesis | 0 |
2,218 | # Additive synthesis
## Definitions
Harmonic additive synthesis is closely related to the concept of a Fourier series which is a way of expressing a periodic function as the sum of sinusoidal functions with frequencies equal to integer multiples of a common fundamental frequency. These sinusoids are called harmonics,... | 794 | Additive synthesis | 1 |
2,218 | # Additive synthesis
## Implementation methods {#implementation_methods}
### Wavetable synthesis {#wavetable_synthesis}
In the case of harmonic, quasi-periodic musical tones, wavetable synthesis can be as general as time-varying additive synthesis, but requires less computation during synthesis. As a result, an effic... | 145 | Additive synthesis | 2 |
2,218 | # Additive synthesis
## Additive analysis/resynthesis {#additive_analysisresynthesis}
It is possible to analyze the frequency components of a recorded sound giving a \"sum of sinusoids\" representation. This representation can be re-synthesized using additive synthesis. One method of decomposing a sound into time var... | 451 | Additive synthesis | 3 |
2,218 | # Additive synthesis
## History
Harmonic analysis was discovered by Joseph Fourier, who published an extensive treatise of his research in the context of heat transfer in 1822. The theory found an early application in prediction of tides. Around 1876, William Thomson (later ennobled as Lord Kelvin) constructed a mech... | 589 | Additive synthesis | 4 |
2,218 | # Additive synthesis
## History
### Timeline
The following is a timeline of historically and technologically notable analog and digital synthesizers and devices implementing additive synthesis.
Research implementation or publication Commercially available Company or institution Synthesizer or syn... | 687 | Additive synthesis | 5 |
2,222 | # Argentine cuisine
**Argentine cuisine** is described as a blending of cultures, from the Indigenous peoples of Argentina who focused on ingredients such as humita, potatoes, cassava, peppers, tomatoes, beans, and yerba mate, to Mediterranean influences brought by the Spanish during the colonial period. This was comp... | 348 | Argentine cuisine | 0 |
2,222 | # Argentine cuisine
## History
Amerindians lived in Argentina thousands of years before European explorers arrived. They mostly lived off of hunting, gathering, and fishing. Generally, the most common crops at this time were maize, potatoes, common beans, quinoa, and squash.
The Argentinian native people could be di... | 614 | Argentine cuisine | 1 |
2,222 | # Argentine cuisine
## Typical foods {#typical_foods}
Most regions of Argentina are known for their beef-oriented diet. Grilled meat from the *asado* (barbecue) is a staple, with steak and beef ribs especially common. The term *asado* itself refers to long strips of flank-cut beef ribs.
Popular items such as *choriz... | 871 | Argentine cuisine | 2 |
2,222 | # Argentine cuisine
## Ingredients
Argentine cuisine uses locally-grown cereals, grains, oil seeds, fruits and vegetables, as well as meat.
Meat products have been dominant in the country since the 16th century. The country is regarded as a major beef, pork and poultry producing and consuming country. Certain areas ... | 1,127 | Argentine cuisine | 3 |
2,222 | # Argentine cuisine
## Regional differences {#regional_differences}
### Mesopotamia
The humid and verdant area of north-east Argentina known as Mesopotamia, comprising the provinces of Chaco, Corrientes, Misiones and Formosa is another area heavily influenced by Native Americans, particularly by the Guaraní tribe. Ab... | 572 | Argentine cuisine | 4 |
2,222 | # Argentine cuisine
## Alcoholic beverages {#alcoholic_beverages}
Though wine (*vino*) has traditionally been the most popular alcoholic beverage in Argentina, beer (*cerveza*; the Italian *birra* is frequently used) in recent decades has competed with wine in popularity. Breweries appeared in Argentina at the end of... | 587 | Argentine cuisine | 5 |
2,222 | # Argentine cuisine
## Non-alcoholic specialties {#non_alcoholic_specialties}
Argentines enjoy a wide variety of non-alcoholic infusions (although now and then both \"families\" are mixed; the *yerbiao* for example, is mate mixed with *caña* or gin). Among these, *mate* has long been the most widely enjoyed; in 2006,... | 280 | Argentine cuisine | 6 |
2,222 | # Argentine cuisine
## Popular short-order dishes {#popular_short_order_dishes}
Common *restoranes* or *restaurantes* and *rotiserias* (grill restaurants) nearly anywhere in Argentina today serve (into the small hours) quickly prepared meals that in the course of the 20th century came to be known as *minutas*, \"shor... | 388 | Argentine cuisine | 7 |
2,230 | # Analysis of algorithms
*Pandoc failed*: ```
Error at (line 120, column 3):
unexpected '-'
|-_
^
`` | 18 | Analysis of algorithms | 0 |
2,233 | # Ælle of Sussex
**Ælle** (also **Aelle** or **Ella**) is recorded in much later medieval sources as the first king of the South Saxons, reigning in what is now called Sussex, England, from 477 to perhaps as late as 514.
According to the *Anglo-Saxon Chronicle*, Ælle and three of his sons are said to have landed at a... | 876 | Ælle of Sussex | 0 |
2,233 | # Ælle of Sussex
## Reign
If the dates given by the *Anglo-Saxon Chronicle* are accurate to within half a century, then Ælle\'s reign lies in the middle of the Anglo-Saxon expansion, and prior to the final conquest of the Britons. It also seems consistent with the dates given to assume that Ælle\'s battles predate Mo... | 603 | Ælle of Sussex | 1 |
2,236 | # Acadia University
**Acadia University** is a public, predominantly undergraduate university located in Wolfville, Nova Scotia, Canada, with some graduate programs at the master\'s level and one at the doctoral level. The enabling legislation consists of the Acadia University Act and the Amended Acadia University Act... | 753 | Acadia University | 0 |
2,236 | # Acadia University
## Research
Acadia has over 15 research centres and 6 research chairs. Undergraduate students have the opportunity to participate in many research opportunities in a small university setting.
The Division of Research & Graduate Studies is separate from the faculties and oversees graduate students... | 808 | Acadia University | 1 |
2,236 | # Acadia University
## Historic buildings {#historic_buildings}
Seminary House, also known as just \"Sem\", is a Second Empire style-building constructed in 1878 as a home for women attending the university. It was designated a National Historic Site of Canada in 1997 as Canada\'s oldest facility associated with the ... | 387 | Acadia University | 2 |
2,236 | # Acadia University
## People
### List of presidents and vice chancellors {#list_of_presidents_and_vice_chancellors}
- John Pryor, 1846--1850
- John Cramp, 1851--1853 (and 1856--1869)
- Edmund Crawley, 1853--1856
- John Cramp, 1856--1869
- Artemas Wyman Sawyer, 1869--1896
- Thomas Trotter, 1897--1906
- ... | 460 | Acadia University | 3 |
2,237 | # Steel-string acoustic guitar
The **steel-string acoustic guitar** is a modern form of guitar that descends from the gut-strung Romantic guitar, but is strung with steel strings for a brighter, louder sound. Like the modern classical guitar, it is often referred to simply as an **acoustic guitar**, or sometimes as a ... | 1,291 | Steel-string acoustic guitar | 0 |
2,237 | # Steel-string acoustic guitar
## Construction
### Assembly
The steel-string acoustic guitar evolved from the gut-string Romantic guitar, and because steel strings have higher tension, heavier construction is required overall. One innovation is a metal bar called a truss rod, which is incorporated into the neck to st... | 511 | Steel-string acoustic guitar | 1 |
2,237 | # Steel-string acoustic guitar
## Music and players {#music_and_players}
Until the 1960s, the predominant forms of music played on the flat-top, steel-string guitar remained relatively stable and included acoustic blues, country, bluegrass, folk, and several genres of rock. The concept of playing solo steel-string gu... | 281 | Steel-string acoustic guitar | 2 |
2,238 | # Antipope John XXIII
**Baldassarre Cossa** (died 22 December 1419) was Pisan antipope as **John XXIII** (1410--1415) during the Western Schism. The Catholic Church today regards him as an antipope in opposition to Pope Gregory XII, whom it recognizes as the rightful successor of Saint Peter. John XXIII was also an op... | 482 | Antipope John XXIII | 0 |
2,238 | # Antipope John XXIII
## Role in the Western Schism {#role_in_the_western_schism}
### Council of Pisa {#council_of_pisa}
Cardinal Cossa was one of the seven cardinals who, in May 1408, withdrew their allegiance from Pope Gregory XII, stating that he had broken his solemn oath not to create new cardinals without cons... | 893 | Antipope John XXIII | 1 |
2,238 | # Antipope John XXIII
## Fictional depictions {#fictional_depictions}
John is portrayed by Steven Waddington in the 2016 television series *Medici: Masters of Florence*.
The 1932 thriller *Safe Custody* by Dornford Yates, references John. Listing the members of an objectionable family, a character in the story says,... | 215 | Antipope John XXIII | 2 |
2,244 | # Cobble Hill Tunnel
The **Cobble Hill Tunnel** (also known as the **Atlantic Avenue Tunnel**) is an abandoned Long Island Rail Road (LIRR) tunnel beneath Atlantic Avenue in Brooklyn, New York City, running through the neighborhoods of Downtown Brooklyn and Cobble Hill. When open, it ran for about 2517 ft between Colu... | 590 | Cobble Hill Tunnel | 0 |
2,244 | # Cobble Hill Tunnel
## Dormancy
Walt Whitman wrote of the tunnel:
> The old tunnel, that used to lie there under ground, a passage of Acheron-like solemnity and darkness, now all closed and filled up, and soon to be utterly forgotten, with all its reminiscences; however, there will, for a few years yet be many dear... | 382 | Cobble Hill Tunnel | 1 |
2,244 | # Cobble Hill Tunnel
## Rediscovery
Having fallen from public notice, the tunnel was rediscovered in 1980 by then 20-year-old Bob Diamond, who entered from a manhole he located at Atlantic Avenue and Court Street, crawled a distance of 70 ft underground through a filled-in section of tunnel less than 2 ft high, and l... | 175 | Cobble Hill Tunnel | 2 |
2,245 | # Annapolis Valley
The **Annapolis Valley** is a valley and region in the province of Nova Scotia, Canada. It is located in the western part of the Nova Scotia peninsula, formed by a trough between two parallel mountain ranges along the shore of the Bay of Fundy. Statistics Canada defines the Annapolis Valley as an ec... | 532 | Annapolis Valley | 0 |
2,245 | # Annapolis Valley
## Economy
The Valley has traditionally been built on a diversified agricultural industry, with a wide range of output ranging from livestock to fruit trees and berries. The last quarter-century has also seen the development of a wine industry, with such notable wineries as Gaspereau Vineyards winn... | 391 | Annapolis Valley | 1 |
2,282 | # Alexis Korner
**Alexis Andrew Nicholas Koerner** (19 April 1928 -- 1 January 1984), known professionally as **Alexis Korner**, was a British blues musician and radio broadcaster, who has sometimes been referred to as \"a founding father of British blues\". A major influence on the sound of the British music scene in... | 318 | Alexis Korner | 0 |
2,282 | # Alexis Korner
## The 1960s {#the_1960s}
In 1961, Korner and Davies formed Blues Incorporated, initially a loose-knit group of musicians with a shared love of electric blues and R&B music. The group included, at various times, Charlie Watts, Jack Bruce, Ginger Baker, Long John Baldry, Graham Bond, Danny Thompson and... | 638 | Alexis Korner | 1 |
2,282 | # Alexis Korner
## 1970s
### CCS period {#ccs_period}
In 1970, Korner and Thorup formed a big-band ensemble, CCS -- short for \"The Collective Consciousness Society\" -- which had several hit singles produced by Mickie Most, including a version of Led Zeppelin\'s \"Whole Lotta Love\", which was used as the theme for... | 336 | Alexis Korner | 2 |
2,282 | # Alexis Korner
## Family life and death {#family_life_and_death}
In 1950, Korner married Roberta Melville (died 2021), daughter of art critic Robert Melville. He had a daughter, singer Sappho Gillett Korner (died 2006), and two sons, guitarist Nicholas \'Nico\' Korner (died 1989) and sound engineer Damian Korner (di... | 88 | Alexis Korner | 3 |
2,296 | # Adrenal gland
The **adrenal glands** (also known as **suprarenal glands**) are endocrine glands that produce a variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids aldosterone and cortisol. They are found above the kidneys. Each gland has an outer cortex which produces steroid hormones and an inner medulla. The... | 840 | Adrenal gland | 0 |
2,296 | # Adrenal gland
## Structure
### Blood supply {#blood_supply}
The adrenal glands have one of the greatest blood supply rates per gram of tissue of any organ: up to 60 small arteries may enter each gland. Three arteries usually supply each adrenal gland:
- The superior suprarenal artery, a branch of the inferior ph... | 253 | Adrenal gland | 1 |
2,296 | # Adrenal gland
## Function
The adrenal gland secretes a number of different hormones which are metabolised by enzymes either within the gland or in other parts of the body. These hormones are involved in a number of essential biological functions.
### Corticosteroids
Corticosteroids are a group of steroid hormones... | 1,026 | Adrenal gland | 2 |
2,296 | # Adrenal gland
## Function
### Catecholamines
Also called epinephrine and norepinephrine, adrenaline and noradrenaline, respectively, are catecholamines -- water-soluble compounds that have a structure made of a catechol group and an amine group. The adrenal glands are responsible for most of the adrenaline that cir... | 281 | Adrenal gland | 3 |
2,296 | # Adrenal gland
## Gene and protein expression {#gene_and_protein_expression}
The human genome includes approximately 20,000 protein coding genes and 70% of these genes are expressed in the normal adult adrenal glands. Only some 250 genes are more specifically expressed in the adrenal glands compared to other organs ... | 750 | Adrenal gland | 4 |
2,296 | # Adrenal gland
## Clinical significance {#clinical_significance}
The normal function of the adrenal gland may be impaired by conditions such as infections, tumors, genetic disorders and autoimmune diseases, or as a side effect of medical therapy. These disorders affect the gland either directly (as with infections o... | 742 | Adrenal gland | 5 |
2,296 | # Adrenal gland
## History
Bartolomeo Eustachi, an Italian anatomist, is credited with the first description of the adrenal glands in 1563--4. However, these publications were part of the papal library and did not receive public attention, which was first received with Caspar Bartholin the Elder\'s illustrations in 1... | 279 | Adrenal gland | 6 |
2,322 | # Audio signal processing
**Audio signal processing** is a subfield of signal processing that is concerned with the electronic manipulation of audio signals. Audio signals are electronic representations of sound waves---longitudinal waves which travel through air, consisting of compressions and rarefactions. The energ... | 511 | Audio signal processing | 0 |
2,322 | # Audio signal processing
## Applications
Processing methods and application areas include storage, data compression, music information retrieval, speech processing, localization, acoustic detection, transmission, noise cancellation, acoustic fingerprinting, sound recognition, synthesis, and enhancement (e.g. equaliz... | 513 | Audio signal processing | 1 |
2,326 | # April 27
| 3 | April 27 | 0 |
2,335 | # Adamic language
The **Adamic language**, according to Jewish tradition (as recorded in the *midrashim*) and some Christians, is the language spoken by Adam (and possibly Eve) in the Garden of Eden. It is variously interpreted as either the language used by God to address Adam (the divine language), or the language i... | 525 | Adamic language | 0 |
2,335 | # Adamic language
## Early modern period {#early_modern_period}
### Proponents
Elizabethan scholar John Dee makes references to a language he called \"Angelical\", which he recorded in his private journals and those of scryer Edward Kelley. Dee\'s journals did not describe the language as \"Enochian\", instead prefe... | 319 | Adamic language | 1 |
2,335 | # Adamic language
## Modern period {#modern_period}
### Latter Day Saint movement {#latter_day_saint_movement}
Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter Day Saint movement, in his revision of the Bible, declared the Adamic language to have been \"pure and undefiled\". Some Mormons believe it to be the language of God. Glo... | 425 | Adamic language | 2 |
2,339 | # Avery Hopwood
**James Avery Hopwood** (May 28, 1882 -- July 1, 1928) was an American playwright of the Jazz Age. He had four plays running simultaneously on Broadway in 1920, namely \"The Gold Diggers,\" \"The Bat\" and \"Spanish Love\" and \"Ladies\' Night (In a Turkish Bath)\".
## Early life {#early_life}
Hopwoo... | 750 | Avery Hopwood | 0 |
2,340 | # Antipope Felix II
**Antipope Felix II**, an Archdeacon of Rome, was installed as Pope in 355 AD after the Emperor Constantius II banished the reigning Pope, Liberius, for refusing to subscribe to a sentence of condemnation against Saint Athanasius.
## Biography
In May 357 AD the Roman laity, which had remained fai... | 637 | Antipope Felix II | 0 |
2,341 | # Alkaloid
**Alkaloids** are a broad class of naturally occurring organic compounds that contain at least one nitrogen atom. Some synthetic compounds of similar structure may also be termed alkaloids.
Alkaloids are produced by a large variety of organisms including bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. They can be pu... | 432 | Alkaloid | 0 |
2,341 | # Alkaloid
## History
Alkaloid-containing plants have been used by humans since ancient times for therapeutic and recreational purposes. For example, medicinal plants have been known in Mesopotamia from about 2000 BC. The *Odyssey* of Homer referred to a gift given to Helen by the Egyptian queen, a drug bringing obli... | 303 | Alkaloid | 1 |
2,341 | # Alkaloid
## Classifications
Compared with most other classes of natural compounds, alkaloids are characterized by a great structural diversity. There is no uniform classification. Initially, when knowledge of chemical structures was lacking, botanical classification of the source plants was relied on. This classifi... | 1,626 | Alkaloid | 2 |
2,341 | # Alkaloid
## Properties
Most alkaloids contain oxygen in their molecular structure; those compounds are usually colorless crystals at ambient conditions. Oxygen-free alkaloids, such as nicotine or coniine, are typically volatile, colorless, oily liquids. Some alkaloids are colored, like berberine (yellow) and sangui... | 262 | Alkaloid | 3 |
2,341 | # Alkaloid
## Distribution in nature {#distribution_in_nature}
Alkaloids are generated by various living organisms, especially by higher plants -- about 10 to 25% of those contain alkaloids. Therefore, in the past the term \"alkaloid\" was associated with plants.
The alkaloids content in plants is usually within a f... | 820 | Alkaloid | 4 |
2,341 | # Alkaloid
## Biological role {#biological_role}
Alkaloids are among the most important and best-known secondary metabolites, i.e. biogenic substances not directly involved in the normal growth, development, or reproduction of the organism. Instead, they generally mediate ecological interactions, which may produce a ... | 333 | Alkaloid | 5 |
2,341 | # Alkaloid
## Applications
### In medicine {#in_medicine}
Medical use of alkaloid-containing plants has a long history, and, thus, when the first alkaloids were isolated in the 19th century, they immediately found application in clinical practice. Many alkaloids are still used in medicine, usually in the form of sal... | 294 | Alkaloid | 6 |
2,346 | # Albion, Michigan
**Albion** is a city in Calhoun County in the south central region of the Lower Peninsula of the U.S. state of Michigan. The population was 7,700 at the 2020 census. Albion is part of the Battle Creek Metropolitan Statistical Area.
The earliest English-speaking settlers also called this area *The F... | 876 | Albion, Michigan | 0 |
2,346 | # Albion, Michigan
## Geography
According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 4.51 sqmi, of which 4.41 sqmi is land and 0.10 sqmi is water. Albion is 42.24 degrees north of the equator and 84.75 degrees west of the prime meridian.
## Climate
## Demographics
### 2010 population by gender/age... | 343 | Albion, Michigan | 1 |
2,363 | # Alessandro Scarlatti
**Pietro Alessandro Gaspare Scarlatti** (2 May 1660 -- 22 October 1725) was an Italian Baroque composer, known especially for his operas and chamber cantatas. He is considered the most important representative of the Neapolitan school of opera.
Nicknamed by his contemporaries \"the Italian Orph... | 272 | Alessandro Scarlatti | 0 |
2,363 | # Alessandro Scarlatti
## Life
Scarlatti was born in Palermo (or in Trapani), then part of the Kingdom of Sicily. He received his first musical education in his family in Palermo. He is generally said to have been a pupil of Giacomo Carissimi in Rome, and some theorize that he had some connection with northern Italy ... | 371 | Alessandro Scarlatti | 1 |
2,363 | # Alessandro Scarlatti
## Music
Scarlatti\'s music forms an important link between the early Baroque Italian vocal styles of the 17th century, with their centers in Florence, Venice and Rome, and the classical school of the 18th century. Scarlatti\'s style, however, is more than a transitional element in Western musi... | 660 | Alessandro Scarlatti | 2 |
2,363 | # Alessandro Scarlatti
## Recordings
- Philharmonia Baroque Orchestra, Nicholas McGegan. (2016). *La Gloria di Primavera*. Philharmonia Baroque Orchestra. Diana Moore, Suzana Ograjensek, Nicholas Phan, Clint van der Linde, Douglas Williams, Philharmonia Chorale.
- Akademie für alte Musik Berlin, René Jacobs. (200... | 337 | Alessandro Scarlatti | 3 |
2,372 | # ALF Tales
***ALF Tales*** is a 30-minute Saturday morning animated series that aired on NBC from September 10, 1988, to December 9, 1989. The show is a spin-off of *ALF: The Animated Series* that featured characters from that series playing various characters from fairy tales. The fairy tale parody was usually alter... | 344 | ALF Tales | 0 |
2,380 | # Accelerated Graphics Port
**Accelerated Graphics Port** (**AGP**) is a parallel expansion card standard, designed for attaching a video card to a computer system to assist in the acceleration of 3D computer graphics. It was originally designed as a successor to PCI-type connections for video cards. Since 2004, AGP w... | 432 | Accelerated Graphics Port | 0 |
2,380 | # Accelerated Graphics Port
## History
The AGP slot first appeared on x86-compatible system boards based on Socket 7 Intel P5 Pentium and Slot 1 P6 Pentium II processors. Intel introduced AGP support with the i440LX Slot 1 chipset on August 26, 1997, and a flood of products followed from all the major system board ve... | 565 | Accelerated Graphics Port | 1 |
2,380 | # Accelerated Graphics Port
## Versions
+---------------+---------+-----------+-------+-------------+-------------+
| Specification | Voltage | Clock | Speed | Transfers/\ | Rate (MB/s) |
| | | | | clock | |
+===============+=========+===========+=======+===... | 391 | Accelerated Graphics Port | 2 |
2,380 | # Accelerated Graphics Port
## Versions
### Unofficial variations {#unofficial_variations}
A number of non-standard variations of the AGP interface have been produced by manufacturers.
#### Internal AGP interface {#internal_agp_interface}
Ultra-AGP, Ultra-AGPII: It is an internal AGP interface standard used by SiS ... | 380 | Accelerated Graphics Port | 3 |
2,380 | # Accelerated Graphics Port
## Compatibility
AGP cards are backward and forward compatible within limits. 1.5 V-only keyed cards will not go into 3.3 V slots and vice versa, though \"Universal\" cards exist which will fit into either type of slot. There are also unkeyed \"Universal\" slots that will accept either typ... | 686 | Accelerated Graphics Port | 4 |
2,380 | # Accelerated Graphics Port
## Protocol
An AGP bus is a superset of a 66 MHz conventional PCI bus and, immediately after reset, follows the same protocol. The card must act as a PCI target, and optionally may act as a PCI master. (AGP 2.0 added a \"fast writes\" extension which allows PCI writes from the motherboard ... | 1,078 | Accelerated Graphics Port | 5 |
2,380 | # Accelerated Graphics Port
## Protocol
### AGP responses {#agp_responses}
While asserting GNT#, the motherboard may instead indicate via the ST bits that a data phase for a queued request will be performed next. There are four queues: two priorities (low- and high-priority) for each of reads and writes, and each is ... | 567 | Accelerated Graphics Port | 6 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.