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17,439 | # K-Meleon
## Customization
Customization of K-Meleon\'s interface is possible using text-format configuration files called configs. The menus, keyboard shortcuts, and more can all be customized via K-Meleon\'s configuration files. These configs can call upon macros, a type of extension that can be opened in a text e... | 282 | K-Meleon | 2 |
17,439 | # K-Meleon
## Legacy Windows versions {#legacy_windows_versions}
K-Meleon supports a range of legacy software and hardware. Version 76 supports Windows XP (2001) and Windows Vista (2006). Windows XP and its Windows Embedded POSReady 2009 variant have been unsupported since 2019. The latest major browser releases to s... | 605 | K-Meleon | 3 |
17,442 | # Katsuhiro Otomo
is a Japanese manga artist, screenwriter, animator, and film director. He first rose to prominence as a pioneer founder of the New Wave in the 1970s. He is best known as the creator of *Akira*, both the original 1982 manga series and the 1988 animated film adaptation. In 2005, Otomo was decorated a *... | 353 | Katsuhiro Otomo | 0 |
17,442 | # Katsuhiro Otomo
## Career
### Manga
On October 4, 1973, Otomo published his first work, a manga adaptation of Prosper Mérimée\'s short story *Mateo Falcone*, titled *A Gun Report*.
In 1979, after writing multiple short-stories for the magazine *Weekly Manga Action*, Otomo created his first science-fiction work, t... | 607 | Katsuhiro Otomo | 1 |
17,442 | # Katsuhiro Otomo
## Career
### Film
At the age of 25, Otomo spent about 5 million yen to make a 16 mm live-action film about an hour long. He said that making this private film showed him roughly how to make and direct movies. In 1982, Otomo made his anime debut, working as character designer for the animated film *... | 443 | Katsuhiro Otomo | 2 |
17,442 | # Katsuhiro Otomo
## Style
Otomo said that when he started his professional career in the late 1970s, \"almost all manga was gekiga like *Golgo 13*. So it was all gekiga or sports manga, nothing to do with science fiction.\" Remembering how much he loved science fiction as a child, Otomo wanted to recreate that kind ... | 560 | Katsuhiro Otomo | 3 |
17,442 | # Katsuhiro Otomo
## Legacy
It was around the 1979 publication of his *Short Peace* short story collection that Otomo\'s work became influential in Japan. Artists influenced by him and his work include Hisashi Eguchi, Naoki Urasawa, Naoki Yamamoto, Makoto Aida and Hiroya Oku. When talking in 1997 about the future of ... | 626 | Katsuhiro Otomo | 4 |
17,445 | # Kittiwake
The **kittiwakes** (genus ***Rissa***) are two closely related seabird species in the gull family Laridae, the black-legged kittiwake (*Rissa tridactyla*) and the red-legged kittiwake (*Rissa brevirostris*). The epithets \"black-legged\" and \"red-legged\" are used to distinguish the two species in North A... | 397 | Kittiwake | 0 |
17,449 | # Kimberly Beck
**Kimberly Beck** is a former American actress, model and singer. She is best known for her role as Trish Jarvis in Joseph Zito\'s *Friday the 13th: The Final Chapter* (1984). Her other film roles include Alfred Hitchcock\'s *Marnie* (1964), Luc Besson\'s *The Big Blue* (1988), George T. Miller\'s *Fro... | 373 | Kimberly Beck | 0 |
17,449 | # Kimberly Beck
## Filmography
### Film
Year Title Role Notes
------ -------------------------------------- --------------------------- -------------------------------------
1958 *Torpedo Run* Dede Doyle Uncre... | 440 | Kimberly Beck | 1 |
17,466 | # Karen Kain
**Karen Alexandria Kain** `{{post-nominals|country=CAN|CC|OOnt}}`{=mediawiki} (born March 28, 1951) is a Canadian former ballet dancer and was the Artistic Director of the National Ballet of Canada from 2005 to 2021.
## Early training and childhood {#early_training_and_childhood}
Kain\'s mother enrolled... | 461 | Karen Kain | 0 |
17,466 | # Karen Kain
## Awards
In 1973, she won silver in the women\'s competition and the first prize for best pas de deux (with Frank Augustyn) at the second International Ballet Competition in Moscow dancing the Bluebird pas de deux from Sleeping Beauty. In 1976, she was appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada (OC) an... | 459 | Karen Kain | 1 |
17,479 | # Lynx
A **lynx** (`{{IPAc-en|l|ɪ|ŋ|k|s}}`{=mediawiki} `{{respell|links}}`{=mediawiki}; `{{plural form}}`{=mediawiki}: **lynx** or **lynxes**) is any of the four extant species (the Canada lynx, Iberian lynx, Eurasian lynx and the bobcat) within the medium-sized wild cat genus ***Lynx***. The name origi... | 328 | Lynx | 0 |
17,479 | # Lynx
## Species
All living species of *Lynx* are thought to descend from *Lynx issiodorensis,* which first appeared during the early Pliocene in Africa, around 4 million years ago, shortly afterwards dispersing into Eurasia. The bobcat is thought to have arisen from a dispersal across the Bering Land Bridge during ... | 963 | Lynx | 1 |
17,479 | # Lynx
## Distribution and habitat {#distribution_and_habitat}
The lynx inhabits high altitude forests with dense cover of shrubs, reeds, and tall grass. Although this cat hunts on the ground, it can climb trees and can swim swiftly, catching fish.
### Europe and Asia {#europe_and_asia}
The Eurasian lynx ranges fro... | 450 | Lynx | 2 |
17,516 | # Location parameter
In statistics, a **location parameter** of a probability distribution is a scalar- or vector-valued parameter $x_0$, which determines the \"location\" or shift of the distribution. In the literature of location parameter estimation, the probability distributions with such parameter are found to be... | 584 | Location parameter | 0 |
17,519 | # Larry Wall
**Larry Arnold Wall** (born September 27, 1954) is an American computer programmer, linguist, and author known for creating the Perl programming language and the patch tool.
## Early life and education {#early_life_and_education}
Wall grew up in Los Angeles and Bremerton, Washington. He started higher e... | 448 | Larry Wall | 0 |
17,532 | # Lorisidae
**Lorisidae** (or sometimes **Loridae**) is a family of strepsirrhine primates. The **lorisids** are all slim arboreal animals and comprise the lorises, pottos, and angwantibos. Lorisids live in tropical, central Africa as well as in south and southeast Asia.
## Classification
There are five genera and s... | 510 | Lorisidae | 0 |
17,542 | # Logrolling
**Logrolling** is the trading of favors, or *quid pro quo*, such as vote trading by legislative members to obtain passage of actions of interest to each legislative member. In organizational analysis, it refers to a practice in which different organizations promote each other\'s agendas, each in the expec... | 1,132 | Logrolling | 0 |
17,542 | # Logrolling
## Concept and origin {#concept_and_origin}
### Logrolling to reach the optimal decision {#logrolling_to_reach_the_optimal_decision}
Decisions reach an optimum only when they are unanimous, when votes are not coerced and everyone has veto power (Buchanan and Tullock 1962). Unanimous votes, however, are n... | 1,042 | Logrolling | 1 |
17,542 | # Logrolling
## Concept and origin {#concept_and_origin}
### Minimum winning coalitions and logrolling {#minimum_winning_coalitions_and_logrolling}
A minimum winning coalition is the smallest number of votes required to win the passage of a piece of legislation. Minimum winning coalitions demonstrate the importance o... | 1,370 | Logrolling | 2 |
17,542 | # Logrolling
## Concept and origin {#concept_and_origin}
### Summary
The reality is that transaction costs are high, and most voters, who are ignorant of political issues and the political process, see little incentive to attempt to influence their local legislator\'s political decisions (Holcombe 2006). It is also d... | 169 | Logrolling | 3 |
17,542 | # Logrolling
## Other usages {#other_usages}
*Spy Magazine* ran a feature entitled \"Logrolling in Our Time\" that cited suspicious or humorous examples of mutually admiring book jacket blurbs by pairs of authors. *Private Eye* magazine regularly draws attention to alleged logrolling by authors in \"books of the year... | 105 | Logrolling | 4 |
17,544 | # Playing by ear
*Playing by Ear* }} **Playing** or **learning by ear** is the ability of a performing musician to reproduce a piece of music they have heard, without having seen it notated in any form of sheet music. It is considered to be a desirable skill among musical performers, especially for those that play in ... | 514 | Playing by ear | 0 |
17,544 | # Playing by ear
## Existence in musical traditions {#existence_in_musical_traditions}
In most instances, traditions in which music is primarily learned by ear do not use musical notation in any form. Some examples are early Blues guitarists and pianists, Romani fiddlers, and folk music guitarists. One particularly p... | 359 | Playing by ear | 1 |
17,570 | # Linear equation
In mathematics, a **linear equation** is an equation that may be put in the form $a_1x_1+\ldots+a_nx_n+b=0,$ where $x_1,\ldots,x_n$ are the variables (or unknowns), and $b,a_1,\ldots,a_n$ are the coefficients, which are often real numbers. The coefficients may be considered as parameters of the equat... | 359 | Linear equation | 0 |
17,570 | # Linear equation
## Two variables {#two_variables}
A linear equation in two variables `{{mvar|x}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{mvar|y}}`{=mediawiki} can be written as $ax+by+c=0,$ where `{{mvar|a}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{mvar|b}}`{=mediawiki} are not both `{{math|0}}`{=mediawiki}.
If `{{mvar|a}}`{=mediawiki} and `{{mvar|b}}`{=... | 366 | Linear equation | 1 |
17,570 | # Linear equation
## Two variables {#two_variables}
### Equation of a line {#equation_of_a_line}
There are various ways of defining a line. In the following subsections, a linear equation of the line is given in each case.
#### Slope--intercept form or Gradient-intercept form {#slopeintercept_form_or_gradient_inter... | 836 | Linear equation | 2 |
17,575 | # Limousine liberal
**Limousine liberal** and **latte liberal** are pejorative U.S. political terms used to illustrate perceived hypocritical behavior by affluent political liberals and other left-leaning people of upper class or upper middle class status. Related terms are Champagne socialist, silver-spoon socialist,... | 476 | Limousine liberal | 0 |
17,617 | # Longitude
thumb\|upright=0.9\|right\|A graticule on the Earth as a sphere or an ellipsoid. The lines from pole to pole are lines of constant longitude, or meridians. The circles parallel to the Equator are circles of constant latitude, or parallels. The graticule shows the latitude and longitude of points on the sur... | 356 | Longitude | 0 |
17,617 | # Longitude
## History
The concept of longitude was first developed by ancient Greek astronomers. Hipparchus (2nd century BC) used a coordinate system that assumed a spherical Earth, and divided it into 360° as we still do today. His prime meridian passed through Alexandria. He also proposed a method of determining l... | 574 | Longitude | 1 |
17,617 | # Longitude
## History
### The Chronometer {#the_chronometer}
thumb\|upright=1.2\|The clockwork in John Harrison\'s H4 marine chronometer on display at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich In response to the problems of navigation, a number of European maritime powers offered prizes for a method to determine longitude at... | 507 | Longitude | 2 |
17,617 | # Longitude
## Determination
The main conventional methods for determining longitude are listed below. With one exception (magnetic declination), they all depend on a common principle, which is to determine the time for an event or measurement and to compare it with the time at a different location. Longitude, being ... | 715 | Longitude | 3 |
17,617 | # Longitude
## Values
Longitude is given as an angular measurement with 0° at the Prime Meridian, ranging from −180° westward to +180° eastward. The Greek letter λ (lambda) is used to denote the location of a place on Earth east or west of the Prime Meridian.
Each degree of longitude is sub-divided into 60 minutes, ... | 348 | Longitude | 4 |
17,617 | # Longitude
## Length of a degree of longitude {#length_of_a_degree_of_longitude}
The length of a degree of longitude (east--west distance) depends only on the radius of a circle of latitude. For a sphere of radius `{{mvar|a}}`{=mediawiki} that radius at latitude `{{mvar|φ}}`{=mediawiki} is `{{math|''a'' [[cosine|cos... | 374 | Longitude | 5 |
17,630 | # Lunar Society of Birmingham
The **Lunar Society of Birmingham** was a British dinner club and informal learned society of prominent figures in the Midlands Enlightenment, including industrialists, natural philosophers and intellectuals, who met regularly between 1765 and 1813 in Birmingham. At first called the Lunar... | 577 | Lunar Society of Birmingham | 0 |
17,630 | # Lunar Society of Birmingham
## Development
### Origins 1755--1765 {#origins_17551765}
The origins of the Lunar Society lie in a pattern of friendships that emerged in the late 1750s. Matthew Boulton and Erasmus Darwin met some time between 1757 and 1758, possibly through family connections, as Boulton\'s mother\'s... | 1,313 | Lunar Society of Birmingham | 1 |
17,630 | # Lunar Society of Birmingham
## Development
### Decline 1789--1813 {#decline_17891813}
The outbreak of the French Revolution in 1789 caused political strains between members of the society, but it was the Priestley riots of 1791 in Birmingham itself that saw a decisive falling off of the society\'s spirit and activi... | 221 | Lunar Society of Birmingham | 2 |
17,630 | # Lunar Society of Birmingham
## Modern Lunar Societies {#modern_lunar_societies}
Among memorials to the Society and its members are the Moonstones; two statues of Watt and a statue of *Boulton, Watt and Murdoch* by William Bloye; and the museum at Soho House -- all in Birmingham.
A new Lunar Society was formed in B... | 405 | Lunar Society of Birmingham | 3 |
17,636 | # Law of noncontradiction
In logic, the **law of noncontradiction** (**LNC**; also known as the **law of contradiction**, **principle of non-contradiction** (**PNC**), or the **principle of contradiction**) states that for any given proposition, the proposition and its negation cannot both be simultaneously true, e.g.... | 307 | Law of noncontradiction | 0 |
17,636 | # Law of noncontradiction
## Interpretations
One difficulty in applying the law of non-contradiction is ambiguity in the propositions. For instance, if it is not explicitly specified as part of the propositions A and B, then *A* may be *B* at one time, and not at another. A and B may in some cases be made to sound mu... | 904 | Law of noncontradiction | 1 |
17,636 | # Law of noncontradiction
## Interpretations
### Plato\'s synthesis {#platos_synthesis}
Plato\'s version of the law of non-contradiction states that \"The same thing clearly cannot act or be acted upon in the same part or in relation to the same thing at the same time, in contrary ways\" (The *Republic* (436b)). In t... | 1,009 | Law of noncontradiction | 2 |
17,636 | # Law of noncontradiction
## In popular culture {#in_popular_culture}
The *Fargo* episode \"The Law of Non-Contradiction\", which takes its name from the law, was noted for its several elements relating to the law of non-contradiction, as the episode\'s main character faces several paradoxes. For example, she is stil... | 115 | Law of noncontradiction | 3 |
17,637 | # Law of excluded middle
In logic, the **law of excluded middle** or the **principle of excluded middle** states that for every proposition, either this proposition or its negation is true. It is one of the three laws of thought, along with the law of noncontradiction and the law of identity; however, no system of log... | 493 | Law of excluded middle | 0 |
17,637 | # Law of excluded middle
## History
### Bertrand Russell and *Principia Mathematica* {#bertrand_russell_and_principia_mathematica}
The principle was stated as a theorem of propositional logic by Russell and Whitehead in *Principia Mathematica* as:
$\mathbf{*2\cdot11}. \ \ \vdash . \ p \ \vee \thicksim p$.
So just ... | 1,002 | Law of excluded middle | 1 |
17,637 | # Law of excluded middle
## History
### Formalists versus Intuitionists {#formalists_versus_intuitionists}
From the late 1800s through the 1930s, a bitter, persistent debate raged between Hilbert and his followers versus Hermann Weyl and L. E. J. Brouwer. Brouwer\'s philosophy, called intuitionism, started in earnest... | 741 | Law of excluded middle | 2 |
17,637 | # Law of excluded middle
## History
### Intuitionist definitions of the law (principle) of excluded middle {#intuitionist_definitions_of_the_law_principle_of_excluded_middle}
The following highlights the deep mathematical and philosophic problem behind what it means to \"know\", and also helps elucidate what the \"la... | 435 | Law of excluded middle | 3 |
17,637 | # Law of excluded middle
## Examples
For example, if *P* is the proposition:
: *Socrates is mortal.*
then the law of excluded middle holds that the logical disjunction:
: *Either Socrates is mortal, or it is not the case that Socrates is mortal.*
is true by virtue of its form alone. That is, the \"middle\" po... | 614 | Law of excluded middle | 4 |
17,637 | # Law of excluded middle
## Criticisms
The Catuṣkoṭi (tetralemma) is an ancient alternative to the law of excluded middle, which examines all four possible assignments of truth values to a proposition and its negation. It has been important in Indian logic and Buddhist logic as well as the ancient Greek philosophical... | 513 | Law of excluded middle | 5 |
17,640 | # Line of scrimmage
In gridiron football, a **line of scrimmage** is an invisible transverse line (across the width of the field) beyond which a team cannot cross until the next play has begun. Its location is based on the spot where the ball is placed after the end of the most recent play and following the assessment... | 519 | Line of scrimmage | 0 |
17,647 | # Laurales
The **Laurales** are an order of flowering plants. They are magnoliids, related to the Magnoliales.
The order includes about 2500--2800 species from 85 to 90 genera, which comprise seven families of trees and shrubs. Most of the species are tropical and subtropical, though a few genera reach the temperate ... | 435 | Laurales | 0 |
17,651 | # Lamiales
The **Lamiales** (also known as the **mint order**) are an order of flowering plants in the asterids clade of the Eudicots. Under the APG IV system of flowering plant classification the order consists of 24 families, and includes about 23,810 species and 1,059 genera with representatives found all over the ... | 723 | Lamiales | 0 |
17,654 | # Letterboxing (hobby)
**Letterboxing** is an outdoor hobby that combines elements of orienteering, art, and puzzle solving. Letterboxers hide small, weatherproof boxes in publicly accessible places (like parks) and distribute clues to finding the box in printed catalogs, on one of several websites, or by word of mout... | 677 | Letterboxing (hobby) | 0 |
17,654 | # Letterboxing (hobby)
## Types
There are now many different kinds of letterboxes, each with some specific distinction. While purists recognise only those letterboxes planted in the wild, many new variations exist. The kinds include:
Traditional box
: A normal letterbox, hidden and uses clue to find it.
```{=html... | 1,096 | Letterboxing (hobby) | 1 |
17,654 | # Letterboxing (hobby)
## Questing
**Questing** is a game played across a community or geographic place. Originally coined in the US, it is similar to the concept of letterboxing where clues lead to sealed boxes to be found in a type of treasure hunt.
Vital Communities, a non-profit organization in White River Junct... | 126 | Letterboxing (hobby) | 2 |
17,658 | # Legal technicality
The term **legal technicality** is a casual or colloquial phrase referring to a technical aspect of law. The phrase is not a term of art in the law; it has no exact meaning, nor does it have a legal definition. In public perception, it typically refers to \"procedural rules that can dictate the ou... | 684 | Legal technicality | 0 |
17,659 | # Lionhead Studios
**Lionhead Studios Limited** was a British video game developer founded in July 1997 by Peter Molyneux, Mark Webley, Tim Rance, and Steve Jackson. The company is best known for the *Black & White* and *Fable* series. Lionhead started as a breakaway from developer Bullfrog Productions, which was also... | 296 | Lionhead Studios | 0 |
17,659 | # Lionhead Studios
## History
### Founding
Peter Molyneux founded Bullfrog Productions in 1987, which was later acquired by Electronic Arts (EA) in 1995. Around 1996, Molyneux had contemplated leaving Bullfrog, as he felt limited in his creative freedom under Electronic Arts. He along with Lionhead\'s eventual co-fo... | 468 | Lionhead Studios | 1 |
17,659 | # Lionhead Studios
## History
### Early years {#early_years}
Word about Lionhead began spreading quickly. Within the first month, companies including Sega, Nintendo, Eidos, GTI, and Lego had arranged meetings. One day, \"a major Japanese console manufacturer\" had come to present plans for a \"next generation console... | 839 | Lionhead Studios | 2 |
17,659 | # Lionhead Studios
## History
### Acquisition by Microsoft {#acquisition_by_microsoft}
In 2005, Lionhead released two titles: *Black & White 2* and *The Movies*. Around this time, Lionhead had roughly 220 employees. These titles did not achieve a massive impact in sales (Molyneux described *The Movies* as \"a disaste... | 595 | Lionhead Studios | 3 |
17,659 | # Lionhead Studios
## History
### Molyneux\'s departure {#molyneuxs_departure}
By early 2012, Lionhead were suffering what had been described as \"Black Monday\". Several Lionhead veterans, dissatisfied with the way the company was heading, resigned on the same day. According to McCormack, Molyneux \"lost it\" and or... | 678 | Lionhead Studios | 4 |
17,674 | # Leading question
A **leading question** is a question that suggests a particular answer and contains information the examiner is looking to have confirmed. The use of leading questions in court to elicit testimony is restricted in order to reduce the ability of the examiner to direct or influence the evidence presen... | 367 | Leading question | 0 |
17,674 | # Leading question
## United States {#united_states}
While each state has its own rules of evidence, many states model their rules on the Federal Rules of Evidence, which themselves relate closely to the common-law mode of examination. Rule 611(c) of the Federal Rules of Evidence provides that:
Leading questions are... | 424 | Leading question | 1 |
17,676 | # Relativist fallacy
The **relativist fallacy**, also known as the **subjectivist fallacy**, is claiming that something is true for one person but not true for someone else, when in fact that thing is an objective fact. The fallacy rests on the law of noncontradiction. The fallacy applies only to objective facts, or w... | 604 | Relativist fallacy | 0 |
17,690 | # Equivocation
In logic, **equivocation** (\"calling two different things by the same name\") is an informal fallacy resulting from the use of a particular word or expression in multiple senses within an argument.
It is a type of ambiguity that stems from a phrase having two or more distinct meanings, not from the gr... | 172 | Equivocation | 0 |
17,694 | # No true Scotsman
**No true Scotsman** or **appeal to purity** is an informal fallacy in which one modifies a prior claim in response to a counterexample by asserting the counterexample is excluded by definition. Rather than admitting error or providing evidence to disprove the counterexample, the original claim is c... | 429 | No true Scotsman | 0 |
17,696 | # Slippery slope
*The Slippery Slope*\|the film\|Slippery Slope{{!}}*Slippery Slope*}} `{{Use dmy dates|date=May 2024}}`{=mediawiki} In a **slippery slope argument**, a course of action is rejected because the slippery slope advocate believes it will lead to a chain reaction resulting in an undesirable end or ends. Th... | 504 | Slippery slope | 0 |
17,696 | # Slippery slope
## Types of argument {#types_of_argument}
Different writers have classified slippery slope arguments in different and often contradictory ways, but there are two basic types of argument that have been described as slippery slope arguments. One type has been called *the causal slippery slope*, and the... | 560 | Slippery slope | 1 |
17,696 | # Slippery slope
## Metaphor and its alternatives {#metaphor_and_its_alternatives}
The metaphor of the \"slippery slope\" dates back at least to Cicero\'s essay *Laelius de Amicitia* (XII.41). The title character Gaius Laelius Sapiens uses the metaphor to describe the decline of the Republic upon the impending electi... | 642 | Slippery slope | 2 |
17,696 | # Slippery slope
## Defining features of slippery slope arguments {#defining_features_of_slippery_slope_arguments}
Given the disagreement over what constitutes a genuine slippery slope argument, it is to be expected that there are differences in the way they are defined. Lode says that \"although all SSAs share certa... | 589 | Slippery slope | 3 |
17,714 | # Roxen (lake)
**Roxen** (`{{IPA|sv|ˈrɔ̌ksɛn}}`{=mediawiki}) is a medium-sized lake in south-central Sweden, east of Lake Vättern, part of the waterpath Motala ström and the Göta Canal. South of Lake Roxen is the city Linköping.
Roxen, especially the western parts, is very good for birdwatching. There are natural res... | 59 | Roxen (lake) | 0 |
17,717 | # Locomotive
Road locomotive\|other uses}} `{{More citations needed|date=August 2022}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Use dmy dates|date=August 2023}}`{=mediawiki}
thumb\|upright=1.2\|A Victorian Railways R class steam locomotive in Australia thumb\|upright=1.2\|A China Railways HXD1D electric locomotive in China `{{train topics}}`... | 1,139 | Locomotive | 0 |
17,717 | # Locomotive
## Classifications
### Electric
An electric locomotive is a locomotive powered only by electricity. Electricity is supplied to moving trains with a (nearly) continuous conductor running along the track that usually takes one of three forms: an overhead line, suspended from poles or towers along the track... | 776 | Locomotive | 1 |
17,717 | # Locomotive
## Classifications
### Electric
#### Alternating current {#alternating_current}
The first practical AC electric locomotive was designed by Charles Brown, then working for Oerlikon, Zürich. In 1891, Brown had demonstrated long-distance power transmission, using three-phase AC, between a hydro-electric pla... | 890 | Locomotive | 2 |
17,717 | # Locomotive
## Classifications
### Electric
#### Atomic--electric
In the early 1950s, Lyle Borst of the University of Utah was given funding by various US railroad line and manufacturers to study the feasibility of an electric-drive locomotive, in which an onboard atomic reactor produced the steam to generate the el... | 236 | Locomotive | 3 |
17,717 | # Locomotive
## Use
There are three main uses of locomotives in rail transport operations: hauling passenger trains, freight trains, and switching (UK English: shunting).
Freight locomotives are normally designed to deliver high starting tractive effort and high sustained power. This allows them to start and move lo... | 506 | Locomotive | 4 |
17,717 | # Locomotive
## Operational role `{{anchor|role}}`{=mediawiki} {#operational_role}
Locomotives occasionally work in a specific role, such as:
- **Train engine** is the technical name for a locomotive attached to the front of a railway train to haul that train. Alternatively, where facilities exist for push-pull op... | 248 | Locomotive | 5 |
17,721 | # Lysator
**Lysator** is an academic computer club at Linköping University, Sweden with almost 600 members. It is an independent non-profit society, separate from the students\' union and the faculties of the university.
## History
Lysator was founded on 29 March 1973. The first computer used at Lysator was a Datasa... | 127 | Lysator | 0 |
17,726 | # Library of Alexandria
Alexandria Library}} `{{Redirect|Great Library|the library of Quebec in Montreal|Grande Bibliothèque|the library of Baghdad during the Islamic Golden Age|House of Wisdom}}`{=mediawiki} `{{pp-move}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Good article}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Use dmy dates|date=October 2019}}`{=mediawiki}
Th... | 573 | Library of Alexandria | 0 |
17,726 | # Library of Alexandria
## Historical background {#historical_background}
The Library of Alexandria was not the first library of its kind. A long tradition of libraries existed in both Greece and in the ancient Near East. The earliest recorded archive of written materials comes from the ancient Sumerian city-state of... | 410 | Library of Alexandria | 1 |
17,726 | # Library of Alexandria
## Under Ptolemaic patronage {#under_ptolemaic_patronage}
### Founding
The Library was one of the largest and most significant libraries of the ancient world, but details about it are a mixture of history and legend. The earliest known surviving source of information on the founding of the Li... | 440 | Library of Alexandria | 2 |
17,726 | # Library of Alexandria
## Under Ptolemaic patronage {#under_ptolemaic_patronage}
### Early expansion and organization {#early_expansion_and_organization}
thumb\|upright=1.5\|Map of ancient Alexandria. The Mouseion was located in the royal Broucheion quarter (listed on this map as \"Bruchium\") in the central part of... | 436 | Library of Alexandria | 3 |
17,726 | # Library of Alexandria
## Under Ptolemaic patronage {#under_ptolemaic_patronage}
### Early scholarship {#early_scholarship}
The Library of Alexandria was not affiliated with any particular philosophical school; consequently, scholars who studied there had considerable academic freedom. They were, however, subject to... | 824 | Library of Alexandria | 4 |
17,726 | # Library of Alexandria
## Under Ptolemaic patronage {#under_ptolemaic_patronage}
### Later scholarship and expansion {#later_scholarship_and_expansion}
The third head librarian, Eratosthenes of Cyrene (lived c. 280--c. 194 BC), is best known today for his scientific works, but he was also a literary scholar. Erato... | 507 | Library of Alexandria | 5 |
17,726 | # Library of Alexandria
## Under Ptolemaic patronage {#under_ptolemaic_patronage}
### Peak of literary criticism {#peak_of_literary_criticism}
Aristophanes of Byzantium (lived c. 257--c. 180 BC) became the fourth head librarian sometime around 200 BC. According to a legend recorded by the Roman writer Vitruvius, Ar... | 663 | Library of Alexandria | 6 |
17,726 | # Library of Alexandria
## Decline
### After Ptolemy VIII\'s expulsions {#after_ptolemy_viiis_expulsions}
Ptolemy VIII Physcon\'s expulsion of the scholars from Alexandria brought about a shift in the history of Hellenistic scholarship. The scholars who had studied at the Library of Alexandria and their students con... | 519 | Library of Alexandria | 7 |
17,726 | # Library of Alexandria
## Decline
### Burning by Julius Caesar {#burning_by_julius_caesar}
In 48 BC, during Caesar\'s Civil War, Julius Caesar was besieged at Alexandria. His soldiers set fire to some of the Egyptian ships docked in the Alexandrian port while trying to clear the wharves to block the fleet belonging ... | 696 | Library of Alexandria | 8 |
17,726 | # Library of Alexandria
## Decline
### Roman period and destruction {#roman_period_and_destruction}
Very little is known about the Library of Alexandria during the time of the Roman Principate (27 BC -- 284 AD). The emperor Claudius (ruled 41--54 AD) is recorded to have built an extension to the Library, but it seems... | 894 | Library of Alexandria | 9 |
17,726 | # Library of Alexandria
## Successors to the Mouseion {#successors_to_the_mouseion}
### Serapeum
The Serapeum is often called the \"Daughter Library\" of Alexandria. For much of the late fourth century AD it was probably the largest collection of books in the city of Alexandria. In the 370s and 380s, the Serapeum wa... | 885 | Library of Alexandria | 10 |
17,726 | # Library of Alexandria
## Collection
It is not possible to determine the collection\'s size in any era with certainty. Papyrus scrolls constituted the collection, and although codices were used after 300 BC, the Alexandrian Library is never documented as having switched to parchment, perhaps because of its strong li... | 303 | Library of Alexandria | 11 |
17,726 | # Library of Alexandria
## Legacy
### In antiquity {#in_antiquity}
The Library of Alexandria was one of the largest and most prestigious libraries of the ancient world, but it was far from the only one. By the end of the Hellenistic Period, almost every city in the Eastern Mediterranean had a public library and so d... | 673 | Library of Alexandria | 12 |
17,728 | # Line Islands
The **Line Islands**, **Teraina Islands** or **Equatorial Islands** (*Aono Raina*) are a chain of 11 atolls (with partly or fully enclosed lagoons, except Vostok and Jarvis) and coral islands (with a surrounding reef) in the central Pacific Ocean, south of the Hawaiian Islands. Eight of the atolls are p... | 561 | Line Islands | 0 |
17,728 | # Line Islands
## List of atolls, islands and reefs {#list_of_atolls_islands_and_reefs}
Geographically, the Line Islands is divided into three subgroups: the Northern, Central, and Southern Line Islands (however, the Central Line Islands are sometimes grouped with the Southern Line Islands). The table below lists the... | 335 | Line Islands | 1 |
17,728 | # Line Islands
## Time zone realignment {#time_zone_realignment}
On 23 December 1994, the Republic of Kiribati announced a change of time zone for the Line Islands, to take effect from 31 December 1994. This adjustment effectively moved the International Date Line more than 1000 km to the east within Kiribati, which ... | 331 | Line Islands | 2 |
17,731 | # LiveScript (programming language)
**LiveScript** is a functional programming language that transpiles to JavaScript. It was created by Jeremy Ashkenas, the creator of CoffeeScript, along with Satoshi Muramaki, George Zahariev, and many others. (The name may be a homage to the beta name of JavaScript; for a few month... | 298 | LiveScript (programming language) | 0 |
17,743 | # Low Saxon
**Low Saxon** (*Nedersaksisch*), also known as **West Low German** (*Westniederdeutsch*) are a group of Low German dialects spoken in parts of the Netherlands, northwestern Germany and southern Denmark (in North Schleswig by parts of the German-speaking minority). It is one of two dialect groups, the other... | 397 | Low Saxon | 0 |
17,758 | # Mass media in Laos
**Mass media in Laos** are based on a network of telephone lines, radiotelephone communications, and mobile phone infrastructure.
## Infrastructure and statistics {#infrastructure_and_statistics}
In 1997 there were 25,000 telephone lines in use, and in 2007 there were 850,000 mobile cellular sub... | 110 | Mass media in Laos | 0 |
17,759 | # Transport in Laos
`{{Use mdy dates|date=March 2013}}`{=mediawiki} This article concerns the systems of **transportation in Laos**. Laos is a country in Asia, which possesses a number of modern transportation systems, including several highways and a number of airports. As a landlocked country, Laos possesses no port... | 411 | Transport in Laos | 0 |
17,759 | # Transport in Laos
## Highways
In Laos, there are 59,963 km of roadway, with 1.45% paved with concrete, 12.03% with asphalt concrete and 75.77% with double bituminous surface treatment and 10.75% with gravel road. Right-hand traffic (RHT) is observed in Laos.
Laos constructed a new highway in 2007 connecting Savann... | 579 | Transport in Laos | 1 |
17,763 | # Geography of Latvia
Latvia lies on the eastern shores of the Baltic Sea on the level northwestern part of the rising East European platform, between Estonia and Lithuania. About 98% of the country lies under 200 m elevation. With the exception of the coastal plains, the ice age divided Latvia into three main regions... | 326 | Geography of Latvia | 0 |
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