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18,836 | # Middle Ages
## Late Middle Ages {#late_middle_ages}
### Controversy within the Church {#controversy_within_the_church}
During the tumultuous 14th century, disputes within the leadership of the Church led to the Avignon Papacy of 1309--1376, also called the \"Babylonian Captivity of the Papacy\" (a reference to the ... | 416 | Middle Ages | 20 |
18,836 | # Middle Ages
## Late Middle Ages {#late_middle_ages}
### Scholars, intellectuals, and exploration {#scholars_intellectuals_and_exploration}
During the Later Middle Ages, theologians such as John Duns Scotus (d. 1308) and William of Ockham (d. c. 1348) led a reaction against intellectualist scholasticism, objecting t... | 727 | Middle Ages | 21 |
18,836 | # Middle Ages
## Late Middle Ages {#late_middle_ages}
### Late medieval art and architecture {#late_medieval_art_and_architecture}
thumb\|upright=0.8\|left\|February scene from the 15th-century illuminated manuscript Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry
The Late Middle Ages in Europe correspond to Italy\'s Trecento an... | 392 | Middle Ages | 22 |
18,836 | # Middle Ages
## Modern perceptions {#modern_perceptions}
thumb\|upright=0.8\|Medieval illustration of the spherical Earth in a 14th-century copy of *L\'Image du monde*
The medieval period is frequently caricatured as a \"time of ignorance and superstition\" that placed \"the word of religious authorities over perso... | 355 | Middle Ages | 23 |
18,849 | # Marxist film theory
**Marxist film theory** is an approach to film theory centered on concepts that make a political understanding of the medium possible. `{{FV|date=December 2023|reason=Cited source never references "Marxist film theory"}}`{=mediawiki} An individual studying a Marxist representation in a film, migh... | 341 | Marxist film theory | 0 |
18,875 | # Mental event
A **mental event** is any event that happens within the mind of a conscious individual. Examples include thoughts, feelings, decisions, dreams, and realizations. These events often make up the conscious life that are associated with cognitive function.
Some believe that mental events are not limited to... | 658 | Mental event | 0 |
18,880 | # Monopolistic competition
`{{Economics sidebar}}`{=mediawiki} **Monopolistic competition** is a type of imperfect competition such that there are many producers competing against each other but selling products that are differentiated from one another (e.g., branding, quality) and hence not perfect substitutes. For m... | 528 | Monopolistic competition | 0 |
18,880 | # Monopolistic competition
## Characteristics
There are eight characteristics of monopolistic competition (MC):
- Companies are price setters.
- Free movement of resources from one company to another.
- Product differentiation.
- Many companies.
- Freedom of entry and exit.
- Independent decision making.... | 810 | Monopolistic competition | 1 |
18,880 | # Monopolistic competition
## Inefficiency
There are two sources of inefficiency in the MC market structure. The first source of inefficiency is that, at its optimum output, the company charges a price that exceeds marginal costs. The MC company maximises profits where marginal revenue equals marginal cost. Since the... | 451 | Monopolistic competition | 2 |
18,880 | # Monopolistic competition
## Problems
Monopolistically-competitive companies are inefficient, it is usually the case that the costs of regulating prices for products sold in monopolistic competition exceed the benefits of such regulation. A monopolistically-competitive company might be said to be marginally ineffici... | 471 | Monopolistic competition | 3 |
18,885 | # Morton Downey Jr.
**Morton Downey Jr.** (December 9, 1932 -- March 12, 2001), born **Sean Morton Downey**, was an American television talk show host and actor who pioneered the \"trash TV\" format in the late 1980s on his program *The Morton Downey Jr. Show*.
## Early life {#early_life}
Downey\'s roots were in sho... | 813 | Morton Downey Jr. | 0 |
18,885 | # Morton Downey Jr.
## Career
### Celebrity, cancellation, and bankruptcy {#celebrity_cancellation_and_bankruptcy}
The success of the show made Downey a pop culture celebrity, leading to appearances on *Saturday Night Live* in 1988, WrestleMania V in 1989 in which he traded insults with Roddy Piper and Brother Love o... | 433 | Morton Downey Jr. | 1 |
18,885 | # Morton Downey Jr.
## Career
### Later career {#later_career}
In 1990, Downey resurfaced on CNBC with an interview program called *Showdown*, which was followed by three attempted talk radio comebacks: first in 1992 on Washington, D.C. radio station WWRC; then in 1993 on Dallas radio station KGBS, where he would scr... | 705 | Morton Downey Jr. | 2 |
18,885 | # Morton Downey Jr.
## Legacy
In 1998, a Golden Palm Star on the Palm Springs, California, Walk of Stars was dedicated to him.
## Death
In June 1996, while being treated for pneumonia, Downey was diagnosed with lung cancer and had part of his right lung removed. His views on tobacco use changed substantially, going... | 220 | Morton Downey Jr. | 3 |
18,889 | # Microphotonics
**Microphotonics** is a branch of technology that deals with directing light on a microscopic scale and is used in optical networking. Particularly, it refers to the branch of technology that deals with wafer-level integrated devices and systems that emit, transmit, detect, and process light along wit... | 359 | Microphotonics | 0 |
18,901 | # Modus tollens
In propositional logic, ***modus tollens*** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|oʊ|d|ə|s|_|ˈ|t|ɒ|l|ɛ|n|z}}`{=mediawiki}) (**MT**), also known as ***modus tollendo tollens*** (Latin for \"mode that by denying denies\") and **denying the consequent**, is a deductive argument form and a rule of inference. *Modus tollens* is ... | 509 | Modus tollens | 0 |
18,901 | # Modus tollens
## Formal notation {#formal_notation}
The *modus tollens* rule can be stated formally as:
$$\frac{P \to Q, \neg Q}{\therefore \neg P}$$
where $P \to Q$ stands for the statement \"P implies Q\". $\neg Q$ stands for \"it is not the case that Q\" (or in brief \"not Q\"). Then, whenever \"$P \to Q$\" a... | 488 | Modus tollens | 1 |
18,901 | # Modus tollens
## Correspondence to other mathematical frameworks {#correspondence_to_other_mathematical_frameworks}
### Probability calculus {#probability_calculus}
*Modus tollens* represents an instance of the law of total probability combined with Bayes\' theorem expressed as:
$\Pr(P)=\Pr(P\mid Q)\Pr(Q)+\Pr(P\m... | 425 | Modus tollens | 2 |
18,906 | # Microfluidics
**Microfluidics** refers to a system that manipulates a small amount of fluids (10^−9^ to 10^−18^ liters) using small channels with sizes of ten to hundreds of micrometres. It is a multidisciplinary field that involves molecular analysis, molecular biology, and microelectronics. It has practical applic... | 404 | Microfluidics | 0 |
18,906 | # Microfluidics
## Various kinds of microfluidic flows {#various_kinds_of_microfluidic_flows}
Microfluidic flows need only be constrained by geometrical length scale -- the modalities and methods used to achieve such a geometrical constraint are highly dependent on the targeted application. Traditionally, microfluidi... | 910 | Microfluidics | 1 |
18,906 | # Microfluidics
## Various kinds of microfluidic flows {#various_kinds_of_microfluidic_flows}
### Particle detection microfluidics {#particle_detection_microfluidics}
One potential application area involves particle detection in fluids. Particle detection of small fluid-borne particles down to about 1 μm in diameter ... | 372 | Microfluidics | 2 |
18,906 | # Microfluidics
## Various kinds of microfluidic flows {#various_kinds_of_microfluidic_flows}
### Microfluidic-assisted magnetophoresis {#microfluidic_assisted_magnetophoresis}
One application for microfluidic devices is the separation and sorting of different fluids or cell types. Microfluidic devices have been inte... | 441 | Microfluidics | 3 |
18,906 | # Microfluidics
## Key application areas {#key_application_areas}
Microfluidic structures include micropneumatic systems, i.e. microsystems for the handling of off-chip fluids (liquid pumps, gas valves, etc.), and microfluidic structures for the on-chip handling of nanoliter (nl) and picoliter (pl) volumes. To date, ... | 819 | Microfluidics | 4 |
18,906 | # Microfluidics
## Key application areas {#key_application_areas}
### Cellular biophysics {#cellular_biophysics}
By rectifying the motion of individual swimming bacteria, microfluidic structures can be used to extract mechanical motion from a population of motile bacterial cells. This way, bacteria-powered rotors can... | 904 | Microfluidics | 5 |
18,906 | # Microfluidics
## Key application areas {#key_application_areas}
### Fuel cells {#fuel_cells}
Microfluidic fuel cells can use laminar flow to separate the fuel and its oxidant to control the interaction of the two fluids without the physical barrier that conventional fuel cells require.
### Astrobiology
To underst... | 470 | Microfluidics | 6 |
18,906 | # Microfluidics
## Key application areas {#key_application_areas}
### Future directions {#future_directions}
#### Microfluidics for personalized cancer treatment {#microfluidics_for_personalized_cancer_treatment}
Personalized cancer treatment is a tuned method based on the patient\'s diagnosis and background. Microf... | 752 | Microfluidics | 7 |
18,929 | # Mount Logan
**Mount Logan** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|l|oʊ|g|ən}}`{=mediawiki} `{{respell|LOH|ghən}}`{=mediawiki}) is the highest mountain in Canada and the second-highest peak in North America after Denali (McKinley). The mountain was named after Sir William Edmond Logan, a Canadian geologist and founder of the Geological Surv... | 490 | Mount Logan | 0 |
18,929 | # Mount Logan
## Ascent attempts {#ascent_attempts}
### First ascent {#first_ascent}
In 1922, a geologist approached the Alpine Club of Canada with the suggestion that the club send a team to the mountain to reach the summit for the first time. An international team of Canadian, British and American climbers was ass... | 823 | Mount Logan | 1 |
18,929 | # Mount Logan
## Proposed renaming {#proposed_renaming}
Following the death of Pierre Trudeau, former Prime Minister of Canada, in 2000, then Prime Minister Jean Chrétien, a close friend of Trudeau, proposed renaming the mountain Mount Trudeau. However opposition from Yukoners, mountaineers, geologists, Trudeau\'s po... | 112 | Mount Logan | 2 |
18,939 | # Emergency contraception
**Emergency contraception** (**EC**) is a birth control measure, used after sexual intercourse to prevent pregnancy.
There are different forms of EC. Emergency contraceptive pills (ECPs), sometimes simply referred to as emergency contraceptives (ECs), or the **morning-after pill**, are medic... | 726 | Emergency contraception | 0 |
18,939 | # Emergency contraception
## Emergency contraceptive pills {#emergency_contraceptive_pills}
### Effectiveness
Ulipristal acetate, and mid-dose mifepristone are both more effective than levonorgestrel, which is more effective than the Yuzpe method.
The effectiveness of emergency contraception is expressed as a percen... | 434 | Emergency contraception | 1 |
18,939 | # Emergency contraception
## Emergency contraceptive pills {#emergency_contraceptive_pills}
### Safety
The most common side effect reported by users of emergency contraceptive pills was nausea, reported by 14 to 23% of levonorgestrel-only users and 50.5% of Yuzpe regimen users. Vomiting is much less common and unusua... | 523 | Emergency contraception | 2 |
18,939 | # Emergency contraception
## Intrauterine device {#intrauterine_device}
An effective emergency contraception measure is the copper-T intrauterine device (IUD) which is generally recommended up to 5 days after unprotected intercourse or up to 5 days after probable ovulation. Some studies have found it to be effective ... | 471 | Emergency contraception | 3 |
18,939 | # Emergency contraception
## Mechanism of action {#mechanism_of_action}
The primary mechanism of action of progestogen-only emergency contraceptive pills is to prevent fertilization by inhibition of ovulation. The best available evidence is that they do not have any post-fertilization effects such as the prevention o... | 375 | Emergency contraception | 4 |
18,939 | # Emergency contraception
## History
In 1966, gynecologist John McLean Morris and biologist Gertrude Van Wagenen at the Yale School of Medicine, reported the successful use of oral high-dose estrogen pills as post-coital contraceptives in women and rhesus macaque monkeys, respectively. A few different drugs were stud... | 702 | Emergency contraception | 5 |
18,939 | # Emergency contraception
## History
### United States {#united_states}
#### DES
- In 1971, a *New England Journal of Medicine* editorial calling attention to previously published studies on the use of DES as a postcoital contraceptive at Yale University, and a large study published in *JAMA* on the use of DES as ... | 939 | Emergency contraception | 6 |
18,939 | # Emergency contraception
## Availability
The COVID-19 pandemic in the United Kingdom was reported to have caused \"significant disruption\" to contraceptive services in the United Kingdom.
### United States {#united_states_1}
After *Roe v. Wade* and *Doe v. Bolton* resulted in the U.S. Supreme Court\'s 1973 ruling... | 711 | Emergency contraception | 7 |
18,959 | # 2001 Mars Odyssey
***2001 Mars Odyssey*** is a robotic spacecraft orbiting the planet Mars. The project was developed by NASA, and contracted out to Lockheed Martin, with an expected cost for the entire mission of US\$297 million. Its mission is to use spectrometers and a thermal imager to detect evidence of past or... | 684 | 2001 Mars Odyssey | 0 |
18,959 | # 2001 Mars Odyssey
## Mission
*Mars Odyssey* launched from Cape Canaveral on April 7, 2001, and arrived at Mars about 200 days later on October 24. Upon arrival, the spacecraft\'s main engine fired in order to decelerate, which allowed it to be captured into orbit around Mars. *Odyssey* then spent about 76 days aero... | 840 | 2001 Mars Odyssey | 1 |
18,968 | # Malvales
The **Malvales** are an order of flowering plants. As circumscribed by APG II-system, the order includes about 6000 species within nine families. The order is placed in the eurosids II, which are part of the eudicots.
The plants are mostly shrubs and trees; most of its families have a cosmopolitan distribu... | 486 | Malvales | 0 |
18,969 | # Myrtales
The **Myrtales** are an order of flowering plants in the malvid clade of the rosid group of dicotyledons. Well-known members of Myrtales include: myrtle, pōhutukawa, bay rum tree, clove, guava, acca (feijoa), allspice, eucalyptus, crape myrtles, henna tree, pomegranate, water caltrop, loosestrifes, cupheas ... | 364 | Myrtales | 0 |
18,970 | # Malpighiales
The **Malpighiales** comprise one of the largest orders of flowering plants. The order is very diverse, with well-known members including willows, violets, aspens and poplars, poinsettia, corpse flower, coca plant, cassava, flaxseed, castor bean, Saint John\'s wort, passionfruit, mangosteen, and manchin... | 429 | Malpighiales | 0 |
18,970 | # Malpighiales
## Circumscription
Malpighiales is monophyletic and in molecular phylogenetic studies, it receives strong statistical support. Since the APG II system was published in 2003, minor changes to the circumscription of the order have been made. The family Peridiscaceae has been expanded from two genera to t... | 442 | Malpighiales | 1 |
18,970 | # Malpighiales
## History
The French botanist Charles Plumier named the genus *Malpighia* in honor of Marcello Malpighi\'s work on plants; *Malpighia* is the type genus for the Malpighiaceae, a family of tropical and subtropical flowering plants.
The family Malpighiaceae was the type family for one of the orders cre... | 313 | Malpighiales | 2 |
18,970 | # Malpighiales
## Gallery of type genera {#gallery_of_type_genera}
Annals of natural history (18226028760).jpg \|*Acharia tragodes* (chaulmoogra family) \|alt=\"botanical illustration\" Balanops australiana (13813866135).jpg \|*Balanops australiana* (pimplebark family) \|alt=\"fruit and foliage\" Bonnetia stricta (Ne... | 406 | Malpighiales | 3 |
18,972 | # Miranda warning
You Have the Right to Remain Silent}} `{{Italic title|string=Miranda}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Use mdy dates|date=October 2015}}`{=mediawiki}
In the United States, the ***Miranda* warning** is a type of notification customarily given by police to criminal suspects in police custody (or in a custodial interr... | 376 | Miranda warning | 0 |
18,972 | # Miranda warning
## Origin and development of *Miranda* rights {#origin_and_development_of_miranda_rights}
The concept of \"*Miranda* rights\" was enshrined in U.S. law following the 1966 *Miranda v. Arizona* Supreme Court decision, which found that the Fifth and Sixth Amendment rights of Ernesto Arturo Miranda had ... | 392 | Miranda warning | 1 |
18,972 | # Miranda warning
## The warnings {#the_warnings}
Every U.S. jurisdiction has its own regulations regarding what, precisely, must be said to a person arrested or placed in a custodial situation. The typical warning states:
- You have the right to remain silent and refuse to answer questions.
- If you give up the... | 981 | Miranda warning | 2 |
18,972 | # Miranda warning
## The warnings {#the_warnings}
### Use in various U.S. state jurisdictions {#use_in_various_u.s._state_jurisdictions}
Some jurisdictions provide the right of a juvenile to remain silent if their parent or guardian is not present. Some departments in New Jersey, Nevada, Oklahoma, and Alaska modify t... | 525 | Miranda warning | 3 |
18,972 | # Miranda warning
## The six rules {#the_six_rules}
The *Miranda* rule applies to the use of testimonial evidence in criminal proceedings that is the product of custodial police interrogation. The *Miranda* right to counsel and right to remain silent are derived from the self-incrimination clause of the Fifth Amendme... | 1,422 | Miranda warning | 4 |
18,972 | # Miranda warning
## The six rules {#the_six_rules}
6\. The evidence must be offered by the state during a criminal prosecution.`{{refn|group="Note"|The Fifth Amendment applies only to compelled statements used in criminal proceedings.}}`{=mediawiki}
: The evidence is being offered during a criminal proceeding. Und... | 429 | Miranda warning | 5 |
18,972 | # Miranda warning
## Waiver
Simply advising the suspect of their rights does not fully comply with the *Miranda* rule. The suspect must also voluntarily waive their *Miranda* rights before questioning can proceed. An express waiver is not necessary. However, most law enforcement agencies use written waiver forms. The... | 705 | Miranda warning | 6 |
18,972 | # Miranda warning
## Assertion
If the defendant asserts his right to remain silent, all interrogation must immediately stop and the police may not resume the interrogation unless they have \"scrupulously honored\" the defendant\'s assertion and subsequently obtained a valid waiver before resuming the interrogation.`{... | 581 | Miranda warning | 7 |
18,972 | # Miranda warning
## Exceptions
Assuming that the six factors are present, the *Miranda* rule would apply unless the prosecution can establish that the statement falls within an exception to the *Miranda* rule.`{{refn|group="Note"|The statement of the defendant is admissible when offered by the state as substantive e... | 850 | Miranda warning | 8 |
18,972 | # Miranda warning
## Consequences of violation {#consequences_of_violation}
Assuming that a *Miranda* violation occurred---the six factors are present and no exception applies---the statement will be subject to suppression under the *Miranda* exclusionary rule.`{{refn|group="Note"|A common misconception is that a vio... | 393 | Miranda warning | 9 |
18,972 | # Miranda warning
## Consequences of violation {#consequences_of_violation}
### Procedural requirements {#procedural_requirements}
Although the rules vary by jurisdiction, generally a person who wishes to contest the admissibility of evidence`{{refn|group="Note"|Evidence includes physical evidence, confessions and id... | 417 | Miranda warning | 10 |
18,972 | # Miranda warning
## Related doctrines {#related_doctrines}
In addition to *Miranda*, confession may be challenged under the *Massiah* Doctrine, the voluntariness standard, provisions of federal and state rules of criminal procedure and state constitutional provisions.
### *Massiah* Doctrine {#massiah_doctrine}
The... | 1,102 | Miranda warning | 11 |
18,972 | # Miranda warning
## Related doctrines {#related_doctrines}
### *Massiah* Doctrine {#massiah_doctrine}
#### *Miranda* and *Massiah* compared {#miranda_and_massiah_compared}
1. **Constitutional basis**:
- *Miranda* is based on the Sixth Amendment right to counsel and the Fifth Amendment right to remain silent.
... | 831 | Miranda warning | 12 |
18,972 | # Miranda warning
## Related doctrines {#related_doctrines}
### State constitutional challenges {#state_constitutional_challenges}
Every state constitution has articles and provision guaranteeing individual rights. In most cases the subject matter is similar to the federal bill of rights.`{{refn|group="Note"|This sim... | 453 | Miranda warning | 13 |
18,972 | # Miranda warning
## Confusion regarding use {#confusion_regarding_use}
Due to the prevalence of American television programs and motion pictures in which the police characters frequently read suspects their rights, it has become an expected element of arrest procedure---in the 2000 *Dickerson* decision, Chief Justic... | 764 | Miranda warning | 14 |
18,972 | # Miranda warning
## Equivalent rights in other countries {#equivalent_rights_in_other_countries}
Whether arising from their constitutions, common law, or statute, many nations recognize a defendant\'s right to silence | 27 | Miranda warning | 15 |
18,977 | # Minix
**MINIX** is a Unix-like operating system based on a microkernel architecture, first released in 1987 and written by American-Dutch computer scientist Andrew S. Tanenbaum. It was designed as a clone of the Unix operating system and one that could run on affordable, Intel 8086-based home computers; MINIX was ta... | 632 | Minix | 0 |
18,977 | # Minix
## Implementation
### MINIX 3 {#minix_3}
MINIX 3 was publicly announced on 24 October 2005 by Tanenbaum during his keynote speech at the Association for Computing Machinery (ACM) Symposium on Operating Systems Principles (SOSP). Although it still serves as an example for the new edition of Tanenbaum\'s textbo... | 595 | Minix | 1 |
18,977 | # Minix
## Licensing
At the time of MINIX\'s original development, its license was relatively liberal. Its licensing fee was very small (\$69) relative to those of other operating systems. Tanenbaum wished for MINIX to be as accessible as possible to students, but his publisher was unwilling to offer material (such a... | 181 | Minix | 2 |
18,989 | # Merlot
**Merlot** (`{{IPAc-en|ˈ|m|ɜr|l|oʊ}}`{=mediawiki} `{{Respell|MUR|loh}}`{=mediawiki}) is a dark-blue-colored wine grape variety that is used as both a blending grape and for varietal wines. The name *Merlot* is thought to be a diminutive of *merle*, the French name for the blackbird, probably a reference to th... | 274 | Merlot | 0 |
18,989 | # Merlot
## History and name {#history_and_name}
The earliest recorded mention of Merlot (under the synonym of *Merlau*) was in the notes of a local Bordeaux official who in 1784 labeled wine made from the grape in the Libournais region as one of the area\'s best. In 1824, the word *Merlot* itself appeared in an arti... | 634 | Merlot | 1 |
18,989 | # Merlot
## Viticulture
Merlot grapes are identified by their loose bunches of large berries. The color has less of a blue/black hue than Cabernet Sauvignon grapes and with a thinner skin and fewer tannins per unit volume. It normally ripens up to two weeks earlier than Cabernet Sauvignon. Also compared to Cabernet, ... | 359 | Merlot | 2 |
18,989 | # Merlot
## Wine regions {#wine_regions}
Merlot is one of the world\'s most widely planted grape variety with plantings of the vine outpacing even the more well-known Cabernet Sauvignon in many regions, including the grape\'s homeland of France. Here, France is home to nearly two thirds of the world\'s total planting... | 988 | Merlot | 3 |
18,989 | # Merlot
## Wine regions {#wine_regions}
### Central Europe {#central_europe}
In Germany, there were 450 ha of Merlot growing in 2008 with the grape mostly planted in the warmer German wine regions of the Palatinate and Rheinhessen.
In Switzerland, Merlot accounts for nearly 85% of the wine production in Ticino wher... | 513 | Merlot | 4 |
18,989 | # Merlot
## Wine regions {#wine_regions}
### United States {#united_states}
Merlot is grown across the United States---as of 2015, it is the fourth most planted wine grape---with California and Washington growing the most. Other regions producing significant quantities of Merlot include New York State with 365 ha in ... | 971 | Merlot | 5 |
18,989 | # Merlot
## Wine regions {#wine_regions}
### South America {#south_america}
In Uruguay, Merlot is often blended with Tannat and is the 2nd most widely planted red grape variety, representing around 10% of total vineyard plantings. More widely planted than Cabernet Sauvignon, there were 853 ha of the grape in cultivat... | 536 | Merlot | 6 |
18,989 | # Merlot
## Wines
As a varietal wine, Merlot can make soft, velvety wines with plum flavors. While Merlot wines tend to mature faster than Cabernet Sauvignon, some examples can continue to develop in the bottle for decades. There are three main styles of Merlot---a soft, fruity, smooth wine with very little tannins; ... | 280 | Merlot | 7 |
18,989 | # Merlot
## Food pairing {#food_pairing}
In food and wine pairings, the diversity of Merlot can lend itself to a wide array of matching options. Cabernet-like Merlots pair well with many of the same things that Cabernet Sauvignon would pair well with, such as grilled and charred meats. Softer, fruitier Merlots (parti... | 267 | Merlot | 8 |
18,999 | # Motala ström
**Motala ström** is the river system that drains lake Vättern, the second largest lake in Sweden, into the Baltic Sea in Norrköping. It is named from the city Motala where it begins. In the early 19th century, the Göta Canal was constructed in parallel with Motala ström | 50 | Motala ström | 0 |
19,002 | # Microserfs
***Microserfs*** is an epistolary novel by Douglas Coupland published by HarperCollins in 1995. It first appeared in short story form as the cover article for the January 1994 issue of *Wired* magazine and was subsequently expanded to full novel length. Set in the early 1990s, it captures the state of the... | 397 | Microserfs | 0 |
19,002 | # Microserfs
## Characters
Daniel Underwood
: The book\'s narrator and main character. Initially a software tester for Microsoft. His thoughts are funneled into the book through the epistolary format of the novel, and also as he records stream of consciousness lists of terms that he believes exist in a computer\'s ... | 770 | Microserfs | 1 |
19,002 | # Microserfs
## Influences
### Microsoft, Silicon Valley, and geek culture {#microsoft_silicon_valley_and_geek_culture}
Coupland lived in Redmond, Washington for six weeks and Palo Alto, Silicon Valley for four months researching the lives of Microsoft workers. \"It was a \'Gorillas in the Mist\' kind of observation... | 315 | Microserfs | 2 |
19,002 | # Microserfs
## History
Coupland\'s interest in the world of Microsoft and technology workers began with the publication of a short story in *Wired* magazine in 1994. The story would later be expanded into the novel.
Shortly before the publication of *Microserfs*, Coupland began to distance himself from his label as... | 153 | Microserfs | 3 |
19,022 | # Measurement
}} `{{Use British English|date=November 2014}}`{=mediawiki}
**Measurement** is the quantification of attributes of an object or event, which can be used to compare with other objects or events. In other words, measurement is a process of determining how large or small a physical quantity is as compared ... | 407 | Measurement | 0 |
19,022 | # Measurement
## Standardization of measurement units {#standardization_of_measurement_units}
Measurements most commonly use the International System of Units (SI) as a comparison framework. The system defines seven fundamental units: kilogram, metre, candela, second, ampere, kelvin, and mole. All of these units are ... | 415 | Measurement | 1 |
19,022 | # Measurement
## Units and systems {#units_and_systems}
A unit is a known or standard quantity in terms of which other physical quantities are measured.
### Imperial and US customary systems {#imperial_and_us_customary_systems}
Before SI units were widely adopted around the world, the British systems of English uni... | 833 | Measurement | 2 |
19,022 | # Measurement
## Units and systems {#units_and_systems}
### Mass
*Mass* refers to the intrinsic property of all material objects to resist changes in their momentum. *Weight*, on the other hand, refers to the downward force produced when a mass is in a gravitational field. In free fall (no net gravitational forces) o... | 604 | Measurement | 3 |
19,022 | # Measurement
## Definitions and theories {#definitions_and_theories}
### Classical definition {#classical_definition}
In the classical definition, which is standard throughout the physical sciences, *measurement* is the determination or estimation of ratios of quantities. Quantity and measurement are mutually defin... | 666 | Measurement | 4 |
19,026 | # Mater lectionis
A ***mater lectionis*** (`{{IPAc-en|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Persent101-mater lectionis.wav|ˌ|m|eɪ|t|ər|_|ˌ|l|ɛ|k|t|i|ˈ|oʊ|n|ɪ|s}}`{=mediawiki} `{{respell|MAY|tər|_|LEK|tee|OH|niss}}`{=mediawiki}, `{{IPAc-en|ˌ|m|ɑː|t|ər|_|-}}`{=mediawiki} `{{respell|MAH|tər|_-}}`{=mediawiki}; `{{langnf|la||mother of read... | 577 | Mater lectionis | 0 |
19,026 | # Mater lectionis
## Usage in different languages {#usage_in_different_languages}
### Hebrew
The earliest method of indicating some vowels in Hebrew writing was to use the consonant letters *yod* *י*, *waw* *ו*, *he* *ה*, and *aleph* *א* of the Hebrew alphabet to also write long vowels in some cases. Originally, *א*... | 965 | Mater lectionis | 1 |
19,026 | # Mater lectionis
## Usage in different languages {#usage_in_different_languages}
### Mandaic
In the Mandaic alphabet, vowels are usually written out in full. The first letter, *a* (corresponding to *alaph*), is used to represent a range of open vowels. The sixth letter, *wa*, is used for close back vowels (*u* and *... | 136 | Mater lectionis | 2 |
19,026 | # Mater lectionis
## Influence on other languages {#influence_on_other_languages}
Later, in some adaptations of the Arabic alphabet (such those sometimes used for Kurdish and Uyghur) and of the Hebrew alphabet (such as those used for Judeo-Arabic, Yiddish and Judaeo-Spanish), *matres lectionis* were generally used fo... | 133 | Mater lectionis | 3 |
19,030 | # Motala Municipality
**Motala Municipality** (*Motala kommun*) is a municipality in Östergötland County in southeast Sweden. Its seat is located in the city of Motala.
In 1971 Motala Municipality was formed by the amalgamation of the *City of Motala* with some of the adjacent rural municipalities. Three years later ... | 639 | Motala Municipality | 0 |
19,035 | # Mormon (word)
The word ***Mormon*** most colloquially denotes an adherent, practitioner, follower, or constituent of Mormonism in restorationist Christianity. *Mormon* also commonly refers, specifically, to a member of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), which is often colloquially, but imp... | 287 | Mormon (word) | 0 |
19,035 | # Mormon (word)
## Origin of the term {#origin_of_the_term}
The term *Mormon* is taken from the title of the Book of Mormon, a text adherents consider sacred and believe was translated from gold plates whose location was revealed by an angel to Joseph Smith and which was published in 1830. According to the text of th... | 430 | Mormon (word) | 1 |
19,035 | # Mormon (word)
## Popular usage {#popular_usage}
Several schisms in the Latter Day Saint movement have resulted in dozens of denominations, each with their own preferred terminology. Today, the term *Mormon* is often used to refer to members of the largest denomination, the LDS Church, which rejects \"Mormon\" as a ... | 282 | Mormon (word) | 2 |
19,035 | # Mormon (word)
## Usage preferred by the LDS Church {#usage_preferred_by_the_lds_church}
The terminology preferred by the LDS Church has varied over time. At various points, the church has embraced the term *Mormon* and stated that other sects within the shared faith tradition should not be called Mormon. At other t... | 655 | Mormon (word) | 3 |
19,035 | # Mormon (word)
## Scholarly usage {#scholarly_usage}
J. Gordon Melton, in his *Encyclopedia of American Religions*, subdivides the Mormons into *Utah Mormons*, *Missouri Mormons*, *Polygamy-Practicing Mormons*, and *Other Mormons*. In this scheme, the \"Utah Mormon\" group includes the non-polygamous organizations d... | 286 | Mormon (word) | 4 |
19,035 | # Mormon (word)
## Meaning of the word {#meaning_of_the_word}
The May 15, 1843, issue of the official Latter Day Saint periodical *Times and Seasons* contains an article, purportedly written by Joseph Smith, deriving the etymology of the name *Mormon* from English \"more\" + Egyptian *mon*, \"good\", and extolling th... | 353 | Mormon (word) | 5 |
19,035 | # Mormon (word)
## Meaning of the word {#meaning_of_the_word}
### Meaning in the Book of Mormon {#meaning_in_the_book_of_mormon}
The Book of Mormon\'s title page begins, \"The Book of Mormon: An account written by the hand of Mormon\" (`{{Sourcetext|source=Book of Mormon (1981) |book=Introduction}}`{=mediawiki}). Acc... | 389 | Mormon (word) | 6 |
19,070 | # Geography of Macau
\_\_NOTOC\_\_ `{{Geography of Macau}}`{=mediawiki} Macau is a Special Administrative Region on the southern coast of China. It is located at the south of Guangdong Province, on the tip of the peninsula formed by the Zhujiang (Pearl River) estuary on the east and the Xijiang (West River) on the wes... | 311 | Geography of Macau | 0 |
19,070 | # Geography of Macau
## Topography
**Location:** Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
**Terrain:** generally flat\
**Elevation extremes:**\
*lowest point:* South China Sea 0 m\
*highest point:* Coloane Alto 172 m
### List of highest hills in Macau SAR {#list_of_highest_hills_in_macau_sar}
+-------... | 287 | Geography of Macau | 1 |
19,070 | # Geography of Macau
## Climate
Although Macau is located in the tropics, it has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification *Cwa*), because the Siberian pressure system in the winter pushes cool air further south than similar semipermanent permanent high pressure systems. Its average year-round temper... | 379 | Geography of Macau | 2 |
19,070 | # Geography of Macau
## Land use and reclamation {#land_use_and_reclamation}
Until early 20th century, the Macau peninsula was dotted with small farms on its northern area, beyond the walls protecting the city. Currently, in the Macau peninsula, no arable land, natural pastures or woodland exists and forests have bee... | 383 | Geography of Macau | 3 |
19,072 | # Politics of Macau
**Politics of Macau** is a framework of a politically constrained multi-party presidential system, dominated by the People\'s Republic of China. It includes the legislature, the judiciary, the government, and a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the government, led by the Chief Exe... | 282 | Politics of Macau | 0 |
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