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19,072 | # Politics of Macau
## Head of Government {#head_of_government}
\| *General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party (paramount leader)* \|*Xi Jinping* \|*Chinese Communist Party* \|*15 November 2012* \|- \| *President of the PRC (head of state)* \|*Xi Jinping* \|*Chinese Communist Party* \|*14 March 2013* \|- \|*Pre... | 658 | Politics of Macau | 1 |
19,072 | # Politics of Macau
## Judiciary
The Court of Final Appeal is the court of last resort in the Macau Special Administrative Region.
The legal system is based largely on Portuguese law. The territory has its own independent judicial system, with a high court. Judges are selected by a committee and appointed by the chi... | 340 | Politics of Macau | 2 |
19,074 | # Telecommunications in Macau
With Macau\'s small population (about 680,000) and market, only a few local media options are available for the local people. Because radio signals, newspapers and magazines from Hong Kong are available in Macau, the local media are always a minority group in terms of sales and number of ... | 271 | Telecommunications in Macau | 0 |
19,074 | # Telecommunications in Macau
## Telephone
The number of telephone lines has been increasing since the mid-1990s. In 1997 there were 222,456 telephones; by 1999, 300,066 lines were in use. In 1999 there were 686 telephone lines per 1,000 people. Cellular-telephone-use statistics were not available. International acce... | 524 | Telecommunications in Macau | 1 |
19,075 | # Transport in Macau
**Transport in Macau** includes road, sea, rail and air transport. Road transport is the primary mode of transport within Macau, although a new rail system opened in December 2019 serving the areas of Taipa and Cotai. The main forms of public transport are buses and taxis.
Modes of transport out ... | 579 | Transport in Macau | 0 |
19,075 | # Transport in Macau
## External
### Sea
Over 150 sea-crossing services are scheduled daily between Macau and Hong Kong, and the Outer Harbour Ferry Terminal serves as the major terminal for Macau\'s passenger traffic by sea. The route is served by high speed catamarans (with passenger capacity of about 400) and jet... | 444 | Transport in Macau | 1 |
19,075 | # Transport in Macau
## External
### Air
Air service in Macau began in the 1930s with Pan American Airways operating seaplanes from Macau to Hong Kong and lasted until 1941. In 1948 Cathay Pacific Airways commenced Hong Kong to Macau seaplane service under their subsidiary Macau Air Transport Company (MATCO). MATCO o... | 390 | Transport in Macau | 2 |
19,075 | # Transport in Macau
## Roads, bridges and tunnels {#roads_bridges_and_tunnels}
Further information: List of roads in Macau, 3=list of bridges and tunnels in Macau{{!List of tunnels and bridges of Macau}}
Macau has 321 kilometres of public roads, four bridges (viaducts) linking the Macau Peninsula and Taipa, and a t... | 387 | Transport in Macau | 3 |
19,080 | # Geography of North Macedonia
North Macedonia is a country situated in southeastern Europe with geographic coordinates 41 50 N 22 00 E type:country, bordering Kosovo and Serbia to the north, Bulgaria to the east, Greece to the south and Albania to the west. The country is part of the wider region of Macedonia and mak... | 574 | Geography of North Macedonia | 0 |
19,080 | # Geography of North Macedonia
## Physical Geography {#physical_geography}
### Boundaries
The country has some 766 km of boundaries, shared with Kosovo (159 km or 99 mi) to the northwest, Serbia (62 km or 39 mi) to the North, Bulgaria (148 km) to the east, Greece (246 km) to the south, and Albania (151 km) to the we... | 691 | Geography of North Macedonia | 1 |
19,080 | # Geography of North Macedonia
## Physical Geography {#physical_geography}
### Hydrography
In North Macedonia there are 1,100 large sources of water. The rivers flow into three different basins: the Aegean, the Adriatic and that Black Sea basin.
The Aegean basin is the largest. It covers 87% of the country\'s territ... | 1,017 | Geography of North Macedonia | 2 |
19,080 | # Geography of North Macedonia
## Physical Geography {#physical_geography}
### Minerals and ores {#minerals_and_ores}
North Macedonia is rich in low-grade iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, chromite, manganese, nickel, tungsten, gold, silver, asbestos, and gypsum. Also it is one of possibly two places in the world where t... | 411 | Geography of North Macedonia | 3 |
19,080 | # Geography of North Macedonia
## Human geography {#human_geography}
### Differences in population and urbanization {#differences_in_population_and_urbanization}
The Republic of North Macedonia consists primarily of rural country towns, with only 45% of the population concentrated in the larger towns and cities. Sko... | 508 | Geography of North Macedonia | 4 |
19,080 | # Geography of North Macedonia
## Economic geography {#economic_geography}
North Macedonia, like most countries in Eastern Europe, has a developing economy. Under Yugoslavia, North Macedonia saw the establishment of many factories and the significant modernisation of the country, especially after the devastating Skop... | 595 | Geography of North Macedonia | 5 |
19,083 | # Economy of North Macedonia
\| average gross salary = MKD 64,634 / €1,050.59 / \$1,192.10 monthly (February, 2025) \| average net salary = MKD 43,053 / €699.80 / \$794.11 monthly (February, 2025) \| industries = food processing, beverages, textiles, chemicals, iron, steel, cement, energy, pharmaceuticals, automotive ... | 514 | Economy of North Macedonia | 0 |
19,083 | # Economy of North Macedonia
## History
North Macedonia\'s economy has almost always been completely agricultural in nature from the beginning of the Ottoman Empire when it was part of the Sanjak of Üsküp and Salonica vilayet. It concentrated on pasture farming and vineyard growing. Opium poppy, introduced into the r... | 306 | Economy of North Macedonia | 1 |
19,083 | # Economy of North Macedonia
## Economic activity {#economic_activity}
North Macedonia is vulnerable to economic developments in Europe - due to strong banking and trade ties - and dependent on regional integration and progress toward EU membership for continued economic growth. At independence in September 1991, Nor... | 1,122 | Economy of North Macedonia | 2 |
19,083 | # Economy of North Macedonia
## Economic activity {#economic_activity}
### Tourism
Tourism is a significant part of the economy.
| 19 | Economy of North Macedonia | 3 |
19,083 | # Economy of North Macedonia
## Macroeconomics
Real GDP in the first half of 2011 increased by 5.2%. This robust growth was mainly driven by 23.6% growth in the construction sector; 13.2% in mining, quarrying, and manufacturing; 12.4% in wholesale and retail trade; and 4.2% in transport and communication services. In... | 727 | Economy of North Macedonia | 4 |
19,083 | # Economy of North Macedonia
## Macroeconomics
### Macroeconomic trends {#macroeconomic_trends}
+------+--------------------+-----------------+------------------------+-------------------+-----------------+
| Year | GDP\ | GDP per capita\ | GDP\ | GDP per capita\ | GDP growth rate |
... | 513 | Economy of North Macedonia | 5 |
19,084 | # Telecommunications in North Macedonia
**Telecommunications in North Macedonia** include radio, television, fixed and mobile telephones, telegraph and the Internet.
## Radio and television {#radio_and_television}
- Radio stations: the public radio broadcaster operates over multiple stations; 3 privately owned rad... | 275 | Telecommunications in North Macedonia | 0 |
19,084 | # Telecommunications in North Macedonia
## Internet
- Top-level domains: .mk and .мкд (Cyrillic).
- Internet users:
- 1.3 million users, 109th in the world; 63.1% of the population, 58th in the world (2012);
- 1.1 million users, 97th in the world, 52% of the population (2009).
- Fixed broadband: 304... | 359 | Telecommunications in North Macedonia | 1 |
19,085 | # Transport in North Macedonia
The following is a summary of the **transport system of the Republic of North Macedonia**.
## Railways
\
*total:* 925 km (699 km (437 miles) of open track and 225 km of station/industrial track)\
*standard gauge:* 925 km 1.435-m gauge (312 km electrified, all 25 kV 50 Hz)\
*note:* a ne... | 400 | Transport in North Macedonia | 0 |
19,085 | # Transport in North Macedonia
## Air transport {#air_transport}
Air transport in North Macedonia began after the end of the First World War, when airmail traffic route was created between Novi Sad--Belgrade--Niš--Skoplje. Later, the Yugoslav flag carrier Aeroput inaugurated in 1930 a regular scheduled flight between... | 299 | Transport in North Macedonia | 1 |
19,098 | # History of Malawi
The **history of Malawi** covers the area of present-day Malawi. The region was once part of the Maravi Empire (Maravi was a kingdom which straddled the current borders of Malawi, Mozambique, and Zambia, in the 16th century). In colonial times, the territory was ruled by the British, under whose co... | 446 | History of Malawi | 0 |
19,098 | # History of Malawi
## Trade and invasions {#trade_and_invasions}
### Portuguese influence {#portuguese_influence}
Initially, the Maravi Empire\'s economy was largely dependent on agriculture, especially the production of millet and sorghum. It was during the Maravi Empire, sometime during the 16th century, that Eur... | 378 | History of Malawi | 1 |
19,098 | # History of Malawi
## Trade and invasions {#trade_and_invasions}
### Yao
The second group to take power around this time was the Yao. The Yao were richer and more independent than the Makuwa. They came to Malawi from northern Mozambique either to escape from conflict with the Makuwa, who had become their enemies, or... | 794 | History of Malawi | 2 |
19,098 | # History of Malawi
## Trade and invasions {#trade_and_invasions}
### Early European contact {#early_european_contact}
The Portuguese were reportedly the first Europeans to enter Malawi; in 1859, acting off a tip received from a Portuguese source, David Livingstone discovered Lake Malawi. The Yao allegedly told him t... | 545 | History of Malawi | 3 |
19,098 | # History of Malawi
## British rule {#british_rule}
*Main article: British Central Africa Protectorate, Nyasaland*
In 1883, a consul of the British government was accredited to the \"Kings and Chiefs of Central Africa\" and in 1891, the British established the British Central Africa Protectorate.
In 1907, the name ... | 378 | History of Malawi | 4 |
19,098 | # History of Malawi
## Independence`{{anchor|Malawi Independence Act 1964}}`{=mediawiki}
Malawi became a fully independent member of the Commonwealth (formerly the British Commonwealth) on 6 July 1964.
Shortly after, in August and September 1964, Banda faced dissent from most of his cabinet ministers in the Cabinet ... | 294 | History of Malawi | 5 |
19,098 | # History of Malawi
## One-party rule {#one_party_rule}
In 1970, Hastings Banda was declared President for life of the MCP, and in 1971 Banda consolidated his power and was named president for life of Malawi itself. The paramilitary wing of the Malawi Congress Party, the Young Pioneers, helped keep Malawi under total... | 674 | History of Malawi | 6 |
19,098 | # History of Malawi
## Multi-party democracy {#multi_party_democracy}
Increasing domestic unrest and pressure from Malawian churches and from the international community led to a referendum in which the Malawian people were asked to vote for either a multi-party democracy or the continuation of a one-party state. On ... | 282 | History of Malawi | 7 |
19,098 | # History of Malawi
## Malawi in the 21st century {#malawi_in_the_21st_century}
In 2001, the UDF held 96 seats in the National Assembly, while the AFORD held 30, and the MCP 61. Six seats were held by independents who represent the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) opposition group. The NDA was not recognised as an ... | 388 | History of Malawi | 8 |
19,103 | # Communications in Malawi
**Communications in Malawi** includes the country\'s postal, telephone, television, radio and internet services.
## Post
Malawi Posts Corporation provides the national postal service in Malawi and runs the post offices throughout the country. Ten other postal services providers operate in ... | 288 | Communications in Malawi | 0 |
19,104 | # Transport in Malawi
**Transportation in Malawi** is poorly developed. The country of almost 23 million has 39 airports, 6 with paved runways and 33 with unpaved runways. It has 495 mi of railways, all narrow-gauge and about 45 percent of its roads are paved. Though it is landlocked, Malawi also has 435 mi of waterwa... | 315 | Transport in Malawi | 0 |
19,104 | # Transport in Malawi
## Rail transport {#rail_transport}
**Malawi Railways** is the national rail network in Malawi, run by a government corporation until privatisation in 1999. As of 1 December 1999 the **Central East African Railways**, a consortium led by Railroad Development Corporation, won the right to operate... | 508 | Transport in Malawi | 1 |
19,120 | # Demographics of the Maldives
This is a demography of the population of Maldives, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
## Population size and structure {#population_size_and_structure}
### Struc... | 621 | Demographics of the Maldives | 0 |
19,120 | # Demographics of the Maldives
## Vital statistics {#vital_statistics}
### UN estimates {#un_estimates}
Period ... | 647 | Demographics of the Maldives | 1 |
19,120 | # Demographics of the Maldives
## Vital statistics {#vital_statistics}
### Total fertility rate {#total_fertility_rate}
The total fertility rate differs greatly from as low as 2.05 children per woman in Malé to a maximum of 3.88 children in Faafu.
+--------------+------------------------------+---------------+------... | 415 | Demographics of the Maldives | 2 |
19,120 | # Demographics of the Maldives
## Ethnic groups {#ethnic_groups}
The largest ethnic group is Dhivehin, native to the historic region of the Maldive Islands comprising today\'s Republic of Maldives and the island of Minicoy in Union territory of Lakshadweep, India. They share the same culture and speak the Dhivehi lan... | 223 | Demographics of the Maldives | 3 |
19,121 | # Politics of the Maldives
The **politics of the Maldives** take place in the framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President is the Head of Government. Executive power is exercised by the government. The President heads the executive branch and appoints the Cabinet; like many pre... | 378 | Politics of the Maldives | 0 |
19,121 | # Politics of the Maldives
## History
A 1968 referendum approved a constitution making Maldives a republic with executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government. The constitution was amended in 1970, 1972, 1975, and 1997 and again in 2008.
Ibrahim Nasir, Prime Minister under the pre-1968 sultanate, became... | 560 | Politics of the Maldives | 1 |
19,121 | # Politics of the Maldives
## Political parties and elections {#political_parties_and_elections}
On a national level, Maldives elects a head of state `{{En dash}}`{=mediawiki} the president `{{En dash}}`{=mediawiki} and a legislature. The president is elected for a five-year term by the people since 2008. Until 2005 ... | 488 | Politics of the Maldives | 2 |
19,123 | # Telecommunications in the Maldives
**Telecommunications in the Maldives** is under the control and supervision of the Communications Authority of Maldives (CAM). The Maldives is served by three telecommunications operators, Dhiraagu, Ooredoo Maldives and Raajjé Online.
## Telephones
**Mobile network operators (MNO... | 142 | Telecommunications in the Maldives | 0 |
19,124 | # Transport in the Maldives
**Transport in the Maldives** is highly facilitated by road, bridges, highways, air and water networks. The country has no railways. Transportation in the Maldives primarily revolves around its maritime and air travel systems, given the archipelagic nature of the country, which consists of ... | 682 | Transport in the Maldives | 0 |
19,130 | # Demographics of Mali
Demographic features of the population of Mali include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
## Population
In `{{UN_Population|Year}}`{=mediawiki}, Mali\'s population was an estimated... | 776 | Demographics of Mali | 0 |
19,130 | # Demographics of Mali
## Vital statistics {#vital_statistics}
Registration of vital events in Mali is not complete. The website Our World in Data prepared the following estimates based on statistics from the Population Department of the United Nations. (*UN World Population Prospects 2024*).
Mid-year popul... | 1,140 | Demographics of Mali | 1 |
19,130 | # Demographics of Mali
## Immigration and emigration {#immigration_and_emigration}
Mali had an estimated net migration rate of --6.6 migrants per 1,000 people in 2006. About 3 million Malians are believed to reside in Côte d\'Ivoire and France. Conversely, according to a 2003 estimate, Mali hosts about 11,000 Maurita... | 367 | Demographics of Mali | 2 |
19,130 | # Demographics of Mali
## Ethnic groups {#ethnic_groups}
### Europeans in Mali {#europeans_in_mali}
People of European origin form a small minority in the country. They include those of mixed European and African descendant, as well as those of full European background. The latter includes the French, as well as the ... | 473 | Demographics of Mali | 3 |
19,131 | # Politics of Mali
Until the military coup of March 22, 2012 and a second military coup in December 2012 the **politics of Mali** took place in a framework of a semi-presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Mali is head of state with a Presidentially appointed Prime Minister as the hea... | 669 | Politics of Mali | 0 |
19,131 | # Politics of Mali
## Administrative divisions {#administrative_divisions}
Administratively, Mali is divided into ten regions (Gao, Ménaka, Kayes, Kidal, Koulikoro, Mopti, Ségou, Sikasso, Tombouctou, Taoudénit) and the capital district of Bamako, each under the authority of an elected governor. Each region consists o... | 124 | Politics of Mali | 1 |
19,133 | # Telecommunications in Mali
Mali, a large, landlocked, multicultural country in West Africa, consistently ranks low in the Human Development Index. The infrastructure of **communications in Mali**, while underdeveloped, is crucial to the nation.
## History
Prior to the 19th century, the area which became Mali was c... | 601 | Telecommunications in Mali | 0 |
19,141 | # Politics of Malta
The **politics of Malta** takes place within a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the president of Malta is the constitutional head of state. Executive authority is vested in the president of Malta, with the general direction and control of the Government of Ma... | 775 | Politics of Malta | 0 |
19,141 | # Politics of Malta
## Executive branch {#executive_branch}
Under its 1964 constitution, Malta became a parliamentary democracy within the Commonwealth. Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom was sovereign of Malta, and a governor-general exercised executive authority on her behalf, while the actual direction and c... | 420 | Politics of Malta | 1 |
19,141 | # Politics of Malta
## Legislative branch {#legislative_branch}
Elections to the House of Representatives (*Kamra tad-Deputati*) are based on the single transferable vote system, a variant of the proportional representation electoral system. First, vacancies are filled through casual election and subsequent vacancies... | 677 | Politics of Malta | 2 |
19,143 | # Telecommunications in Malta
This article is an overview of **telecommunications in Malta**.
## Telephone
**Telephones - main lines in use:** 259,000 (2022)
**Telephones - mobile cellular:** 702,000 (2022)
**Telephone system:** automatic system satisfies normal requirements\
*domestic:* submarine cables and micro... | 253 | Telecommunications in Malta | 0 |
19,149 | # Geography of the Marshall Islands
The Marshall Islands consist of two archipelagic island chains of 30 atolls and 1,152 islands, which form two parallel groups---the \"Ratak\" (sunrise) chain and the \"Ralik\" (sunset) chain. The Marshalls are located in the North Pacific Ocean and share maritime boundaries with Mic... | 311 | Geography of the Marshall Islands | 0 |
19,149 | # Geography of the Marshall Islands
## Climate
Tropical; hot and humid with a Koeppen-Geiger classification of *Af*. The wet season lasts from May to November and the islands border the typhoon belt. Typhoons do pose an infrequent threat from July to mid November.
Due to their low elevation, the Marshall Islands are... | 387 | Geography of the Marshall Islands | 1 |
19,150 | # Demographics of the Marshall Islands
The **demographics of the Marshall Islands** include data such as population density, ethnicity, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
Historical population figures for the Marshall Islands are unknown. In 1862, the ... | 605 | Demographics of the Marshall Islands | 0 |
19,150 | # Demographics of the Marshall Islands
## Ethnic groups {#ethnic_groups}
- Marshallese: 92.1%
- Mixed Marshallese: 5.9%
- Other: 2% (2006)
## Languages
- Marshallese (official): 98.2%
- other languages 1.8%
## Religion
Major religious groups in the Republic of the Marshall Islands include the United Chu... | 147 | Demographics of the Marshall Islands | 1 |
19,153 | # Communications in the Marshall Islands
The Marshall Islands is an island country in Oceania.
In 2010, the Majuro and Kwajalein Atoll were connected to the HANTRU-1 undersea communications cable to provide high-speed bandwidth. Faster internet service was rolled out to Majuro and Ebeye on April 1, 2010. The majority... | 311 | Communications in the Marshall Islands | 0 |
19,154 | # Transportation in the Marshall Islands
**Railways:** 0 km **Highways:**\
*total:* NA km\
*paved:* 64.5 km\
*unpaved:* NA km\
*note:* paved roads on major islands (Majuro, Kwajalein), otherwise stone-, coral-, or laterite-surfaced roads and tracks (2002)
**Ports and harbors:** Majuro
**Merchant marine:**\
*total:* ... | 175 | Transportation in the Marshall Islands | 0 |
19,157 | # Mass deacidification
**Mass deacidification** is a term used in library and information science as one possible measure against the degradation of paper in old books, the so-called \"slow fires\". The goal of the process is to increase the pH of acidic paper. Although acid-free paper has become more common, a large ... | 735 | Mass deacidification | 0 |
19,157 | # Mass deacidification
## Effects
All of the processes imparted an adequately high pH in studies conducted by the European Commission on Preservation and Access, the Library of Congress, and a team of scientists from the Centre de Recherches sur la Conservation des Documents Graphiques in the early and mid-nineties. ... | 377 | Mass deacidification | 1 |
19,157 | # Mass deacidification
## Adoption and costs {#adoption_and_costs}
While deacidification has been adopted by major research libraries such as the Library of Congress and the New York Public Library, it is not clear whether many archives, particularly those in the United States, have followed suit. Some European natio... | 338 | Mass deacidification | 2 |
19,163 | # Bruces' Philosophers Song
\"**Bruces\' Philosophers Song**\", also known as \"**The Bruces\' Song**\", is a Monty Python song written and composed by Eric Idle that was a feature of the group\'s stage appearances and its recordings.
## Origins
The Bruces\' Philosophers Song is sung by The Bruces, stereotypical \"o... | 519 | Bruces' Philosophers Song | 0 |
19,164 | # The Funniest Joke in the World
\"**The Funniest Joke in the World**\" (also \"**Joke Warfare**\" and \"**Killer Joke**\") is a Monty Python comedy sketch revolving around a joke that is so funny that anyone who reads or hears it promptly dies from laughter. Ernest Scribbler (Michael Palin), a British \"manufacturer ... | 891 | The Funniest Joke in the World | 0 |
19,164 | # The Funniest Joke in the World
## Influence, and other works {#influence_and_other_works}
Jim Carrey is a fan of Monty Python. He described how Ernest Scribbler, played by Michael Palin, laughing himself to death in the sketch, had a huge effect on his early years.
The sketch was later remade in a shorter version ... | 82 | The Funniest Joke in the World | 1 |
19,165 | # The Spanish Inquisition (Monty Python)
thumb\|upright=1.2\|Terry Gilliam, Michael Palin and Terry Jones playing \"The Spanish Inquisition\" in *Monty Python Live (Mostly)*, London, 2014
\"**The Spanish Inquisition**\" is an episode and recurring segment in the British sketch comedy TV series *Monty Python\'s Flying... | 996 | The Spanish Inquisition (Monty Python) | 0 |
19,172 | # Demographics of Martinique
This is a list of the **demographics of Martinique**, a Caribbean island and an overseas department/region and single territorial collectivity of France.`{{Historical populations
|type =
|footnote = Source:<ref name=INSEE>{{Cite web|url=https://www.insee.fr/fr/statistiques|title=Résultats ... | 733 | Demographics of Martinique | 0 |
19,172 | # Demographics of Martinique
## Vital statistics {#vital_statistics}
Year Population (x1000) (01.01) Live births Deaths Natural change Crude birth rate (per 1000) Crude death rate (per 1000) Natural change (per 1000) Total fertility rate
------ ---------------------------- ------------- -------- -... | 886 | Demographics of Martinique | 1 |
19,172 | # Demographics of Martinique
## Ethnic groups {#ethnic_groups}
African Martinicans and African-White-Indian mixture 80%; Indo-Martiniquais 10%; White Martinicans 5%; Lebanese, Jewish, Syrian, and Chinese Martinicans comprise less than 5% of the population. Note that French government forbids ethnic censuses. Those nu... | 143 | Demographics of Martinique | 2 |
19,173 | # Government of Martinique
Martinique is an overseas Territorial collectivity of France, with the same political status as regions and departments in mainland France. The administrative centre of Martinique is located in Fort-de-France.
During the referendum of 24 January 2010, the residents of Martinique approved by... | 569 | Government of Martinique | 0 |
19,174 | # Economy of Martinique
The **economy of Martinique** is mostly based in the services sector. Agriculture accounts for about 6% of Martinique\'s GDP and the small industrial sector for 11%. Sugar production has declined, with most of the sugarcane now used for the production of rum. Banana exports are increasing, goin... | 389 | Economy of Martinique | 0 |
19,176 | # Transport in Martinique
Martinique is a small Caribbean island that is an overseas department/region and single territorial collectivity of France. An integral part of the French Republic, Martinique is located in the Lesser Antilles of the West Indies in the eastern Caribbean Sea. It has a land area of 1128 km2 and... | 313 | Transport in Martinique | 0 |
19,180 | # History of Mauritania
The original inhabitants of Mauritania were the Bafour, presumably a Mande ethnic group, connected to the contemporary Arabized minor social group of *Imraguen* (\"fishermen\") on the Atlantic coast.
The territory of Mauritania was on the fringe of geographical knowledge of Libya in classical ... | 585 | History of Mauritania | 0 |
19,180 | # History of Mauritania
## Islamization
The Umayyads were the first Arab Muslims to enter Mauritania. During the Islamic conquests, they made incursions into Mauritania and were present in the region by the end of the 7th century. Many Berber tribes in Mauritania fled the arrival of the Arabs to the Gao region in Mal... | 449 | History of Mauritania | 1 |
19,180 | # History of Mauritania
## French colonization {#french_colonization}
The history of French colonial policy in Mauritania is closely tied to that of the other French possessions in West Africa, particularly to that of Senegal, on which Mauritania was economically, politically, and administratively dependent until ind... | 892 | History of Mauritania | 2 |
19,180 | # History of Mauritania
## 1978 to 1984 {#to_1984}
In 1979, Polisario broke off the cease-fire and unleashed a string of new attacks on military and government targets. Mauritania, under its new government, immediately returned to the table to meet Polisario\'s goals, declaring full peace, a complete troop retreat, r... | 300 | History of Mauritania | 3 |
19,180 | # History of Mauritania
## 1984 to present {#to_present}
The discord between conflicting visions of Mauritanian society as either black or Arab, again rose to the surface during the inter-communal violence that broke out in April 1989 (the \"1989 Events\"), when a Mauritania--Senegal border dispute escalated into vio... | 791 | History of Mauritania | 4 |
19,182 | # Demographics of Mauritania
Demographic features of the population of Mauritania (*التركيبة السكانية في موريتانيا*) include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects.
## Population
According to `{{UN_Population|source}}`{=mediaw... | 494 | Demographics of Mauritania | 0 |
19,182 | # Demographics of Mauritania
## Vital statistics {#vital_statistics}
Registration of vital events in Mauritania is incomplete. The Population Department of the United Nations prepared the following estimates.
Mid-year population (thousands) Live births (thousands) Deaths (thousands) Natural change (th... | 1,041 | Demographics of Mauritania | 1 |
19,182 | # Demographics of Mauritania
## Vital statistics {#vital_statistics}
### Life expectancy {#life_expectancy}
+------------+---------------------+
| Period | Life expectancy in\ |
| | Years |
+============+=====================+
| 1950--1955 | 41.72 |
+------------+-----------... | 108 | Demographics of Mauritania | 2 |
19,182 | # Demographics of Mauritania
## Ethnic groups {#ethnic_groups}
40% Black Moors (Haratins), 30% sub-Saharan Mauritanians (non-Arabic speaking, largely resident in or originating from the Senegal River Valley, including Halpulaar, Fulani, Soninke, Wolof, Bambara, and Serer (est. 5000) ethnic groups 30%), and 30% White ... | 65 | Demographics of Mauritania | 3 |
19,183 | # Politics of Mauritania
Mauritania is a presidential democracy, but has suffered from repeated military coups since its Independence in November 1960. For 18 years after independence, Mauritania was a one-party state under Moktar Ould Daddah. This was followed by decades of military rule. The first fully democratic p... | 267 | Politics of Mauritania | 0 |
19,183 | # Politics of Mauritania
## Political history {#political_history}
Mauritania achieved independence from the French colonial empire in 1960. After independence, President Moktar Ould Daddah, originally installed by the French, formalized Mauritania into a one-party state in 1964 with a new constitution, which set up ... | 1,194 | Politics of Mauritania | 1 |
19,183 | # Politics of Mauritania
## Political history {#political_history}
### 2007 Presidential election {#presidential_election}
The first fully democratic Presidential election since 1960 occurred on 11 March 2007. The election is the final transfer from military to civilian rule following the military coup in 2005. This ... | 355 | Politics of Mauritania | 2 |
19,183 | # Politics of Mauritania
## Legislative branch {#legislative_branch}
The Parliament (*Barlamane/Parlement*) has two chambers. The National Assembly (*Al Jamiya al-Wataniyah/Assemblée Nationale*) has 176 members, elected for a five-year term in single-seat constituencies. The Senate (*Majlis al-Shuyukh/Sénat*) has 56 ... | 167 | Politics of Mauritania | 3 |
19,184 | # Economy of Mauritania
The **economy of Mauritania** is still largely based on agriculture, mining and livestock, even though most of the nomads and many subsistence farmers were forced into the cities by recurring droughts in the 1970s and 1980s. Mauritania has extensive deposits of iron ore, which account for almos... | 787 | Economy of Mauritania | 0 |
19,184 | # Economy of Mauritania
## Natural Gas and the Tortue/Ahmeyim Project {#natural_gas_and_the_tortueahmeyim_project}
In 2015, Kosmos Energy made significant natural gas discoveries on the maritime border between Senegal and Mauritania, and in December 2016, it entered into partnership with British Petroleum. The two co... | 420 | Economy of Mauritania | 1 |
19,185 | # Transport in Mauritania
Citizens of Mauritania have limited access to transportation. The single-line railroad serves mining interests with very occasional ad hoc passenger services. Apart from two infrastructural road developments there are few paved roads.`{{CIA}}`{=mediawiki}
## Railways
*Main article: Mauritan... | 547 | Transport in Mauritania | 0 |
19,185 | # Transport in Mauritania
## Ports and harbors {#ports_and_harbors}
### Atlantic Ocean {#atlantic_ocean}
(from north to south)
- Nouadhibou
- Nouakchott
### Senegal River {#senegal_river}
- Rosso
- Kaedi
- Bogue
## Merchant marine {#merchant_marine}
- None as of 2002.
## Airports (paved) {#airports... | 124 | Transport in Mauritania | 1 |
19,214 | # Demographics of Mayotte
Demographic features of the population of Mayotte include population density, ethnicity, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.
## Population
Mayotte\'s population density went from 62 persons per square kilometer in 1958 to 829 per square kilometer in 2023. Its capital... | 416 | Demographics of Mayotte | 0 |
19,215 | # Politics of Mayotte
The **politics of Mayotte** takes place in a framework of a French overseas region and department, until 2011 an overseas collectivity. Local politics takes place in a parliamentary representative democratic setting whereby the President of the General Council is the head of government, of a mult... | 223 | Politics of Mayotte | 0 |
19,217 | # Telecommunications in Mayotte
There are **telecommunications in Mayotte**.
Vivendi Universal had small telecommunications networks in Mayotte in 2013.
## Telephones
The number of telephones was 400 in 1981 and 450 by 1989. The number of telephone main lines in use was 9,314 in 1997 and 10,000 in 2001 and 2002.
T... | 180 | Telecommunications in Mayotte | 0 |
19,241 | # History of Moldova
The **history of Moldova** spans prehistoric cultures, ancient and medieval empires, and periods of foreign rule and modern independence.
Evidence of human habitation dates back 800,000--1.2 million years, with significant developments in agriculture, pottery, and settlement during the Neolithic ... | 270 | History of Moldova | 0 |
19,241 | # History of Moldova
## Prehistory
In 2010, Oldowan flint tools were discovered at Dubasari on the lower Dniester that are 800,000--1.2 million years old demonstrating that early humans were present in Moldova during the early Paleolithic. During prehistoric times there was a succession of cultures that flourished in... | 564 | History of Moldova | 1 |
19,241 | # History of Moldova
## Principality of Moldavia {#principality_of_moldavia}
*Main article: Moldavia*
The medieval Principality of Moldavia was established in 1359 and covered the so-called Carpathian--Danube--Dniester area, stretching from Transylvania in the west to the Dniester River in the east. Its territory co... | 578 | History of Moldova | 2 |
19,241 | # History of Moldova
## Part of the Russian Empire {#part_of_the_russian_empire}
*Main article: Bessarabia Governorate*
With the notable exception of Transnistria, the territory of today\'s Republic of Moldova covers most of the historical region of Bessarabia. Until 1812, the term \"Bessarabia\" referred to the reg... | 1,468 | History of Moldova | 3 |
19,241 | # History of Moldova
## Moldavian Democratic Republic and Union with Romania {#moldavian_democratic_republic_and_union_with_romania}
*Main article: Sfatul Țării, Moldavian Democratic Republic, Union of Bessarabia with Romania, Bessarabian question, Greater Romania*
After the Russian Revolution of 1905, a Romanian na... | 511 | History of Moldova | 4 |
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