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Instatistics,Poisson regressionis ageneralized linear modelform ofregression analysisused to modelcount dataandcontingency tables.[1]Poisson regression assumes the response variableYhas aPoisson distribution, and assumes thelogarithmof itsexpected valuecan be modeled by a linear combination of unknownparameters. A Pois... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson_regression |
Insurvey methodology,Poisson sampling(sometimes denoted asPO sampling[1]: 61) is asamplingprocess where each element of thepopulationis subjected to anindependentBernoulli trialwhich determines whether the element becomes part of the sample.[1]: 85[2]
Each element of the population may have a different probability of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson_sampling |
In mathematics, in functional analysis, several differentwaveletsare known by the namePoisson wavelet. In one context, the term "Poisson wavelet" is used to denote a family of wavelets labeled by the set ofpositive integers, the members of which are associated with thePoisson probability distribution. These wavelets... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poisson_wavelet |
Queueing theoryis the mathematical study ofwaiting lines, orqueues.[1]A queueing model is constructed so that queue lengths and waiting time can be predicted.[1]Queueing theory is generally considered a branch ofoperations researchbecause the results are often used when making business decisions about the resources nee... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queueing_theory |
Renewal theoryis the branch ofprobability theorythat generalizes thePoisson processfor arbitrary holding times. Instead ofexponentially distributedholding times, a renewal process may have anyindependent and identically distributed(IID) holding times that have finite expectation. A renewal-reward process additionally h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewal_theory |
Instatistics, theRobbins lemma, named afterHerbert Robbins, states that ifXis arandom variablehaving aPoisson distributionwith parameterλ, andfis any function for which theexpected valueE(f(X)) exists, then[1]
Robbins introduced this proposition while developingempirical Bayes methods. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robbins_lemma |
TheSkellam distributionis thediscrete probability distributionof the differenceN1−N2{\displaystyle N_{1}-N_{2}}of twostatistically independentrandom variablesN1{\displaystyle N_{1}}andN2,{\displaystyle N_{2},}eachPoisson-distributedwith respectiveexpected valuesμ1{\displaystyle \mu _{1}}andμ2{\displaystyle \mu _{2}}. I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skellam_distribution |
Inprobabilityandstatistics, theTweedie distributionsare a family ofprobability distributionswhich include the purely continuousnormal,gammaandinverse Gaussiandistributions, the purely discrete scaledPoisson distribution, and the class ofcompound Poisson–gammadistributions which have positive mass at zero, but are other... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tweedie_distribution |
Instatistics, azero-inflated modelis astatistical modelbased on a zero-inflatedprobability distribution, i.e. a distribution that allows for frequent zero-valued observations.
Zero-inflated models are commonly used in the analysis of count data, such as the number of visits a patient makes to the emergency room in one... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-inflated_model |
Inprobability theory, thezero-truncated Poisson distribution(ZTP distribution) is a certaindiscrete probability distributionwhose support is the set of positive integers. This distribution is also known as theconditional Poisson distribution[1]or thepositive Poisson distribution.[2]It is the conditionalprobability dis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero-truncated_Poisson_distribution |
Inprobability theory, aLévy process, named after the French mathematicianPaul Lévy, is astochastic processwith independent, stationary increments: it represents the motion of a point whose successive displacements arerandom, in which displacements in pairwise disjoint time intervals are independent, and displacements i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A9vy_process |
Inprobability theoryandstatistics, theLaplace distributionis a continuousprobability distributionnamed afterPierre-Simon Laplace. It is also sometimes called thedouble exponential distribution, because it can be thought of as twoexponential distributions(with an additional location parameter) spliced together along th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laplace_distribution |
Inprobabilitytheory, aCauchy processis a type ofstochastic process. There aresymmetricandasymmetricforms of the Cauchy process.[1]The unspecified term "Cauchy process" is often used to refer to the symmetric Cauchy process.[2]
The Cauchy process has a number of properties:
The symmetric Cauchy process can be descri... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cauchy_process |
Inprobabilitytheory, astable processis a type ofstochastic process. It includes stochastic processes whose associatedprobability distributionsarestable distributions.[1]
Examples of stable processes include theWiener process, orBrownian motion, whose associated probability distribution is thenormal distribution. They ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stable_process |
Inprobability theory, theslash distributionis theprobability distributionof a standardnormalvariate divided by an independentstandard uniformvariate.[1]In other words, if therandom variableZhas a normal distribution with zero mean and unitvariance, the random variableUhas a uniform distribution on [0,1] andZandUarestat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slash_distribution |
TheFama–MacBeth regressionis a method used to estimate parameters forasset pricing modelssuch as thecapital asset pricing model(CAPM). The method estimates thebetasandrisk premiafor anyrisk factorsthat are expected to determine asset prices.
The method works with multiple assets across time (panel data). The parameter... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fama%E2%80%93MacBeth_regression |
Non-linear least squaresis the form ofleast squaresanalysis used to fit a set ofmobservations with a model that is non-linear innunknown parameters (m≥n). It is used in some forms ofnonlinear regression. The basis of the method is to approximate the model by a linear one and to refine the parameters by successive ite... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-linear_least_squares |
Numerical methods for linear least squaresentails thenumerical analysisoflinear least squaresproblems.
A general approach to the least squares problemmin‖y−Xβ‖2{\displaystyle \operatorname {\,min} \,{\big \|}\mathbf {y} -X{\boldsymbol {\beta }}{\big \|}^{2}}can be described as follows. Suppose that we can find annbymm... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Numerical_methods_for_linear_least_squares |
System identificationis a method of identifying or measuring themathematical modelof asystemfrom measurements of the system inputs and outputs. The applications of system identification include any system where the inputs and outputs can be measured and includeindustrial processes,control systems,economic data,biologya... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonlinear_system_identification |
Incalculus, aderivative testuses thederivativesof afunctionto locate thecritical pointsof a function and determine whether each point is alocal maximum, alocal minimum, or asaddle point. Derivative tests can also give information about theconcavityof a function.
The usefulness of derivatives to findextremais proved ma... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivative_test |
In mathematics, theinfimum(abbreviatedinf;pl.:infima) of asubsetS{\displaystyle S}of apartially ordered setP{\displaystyle P}is thegreatest elementinP{\displaystyle P}that is less than or equal to each element ofS,{\displaystyle S,}if such an element exists.[1]If the infimum ofS{\displaystyle S}exists, it is unique, an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infimum_and_supremum |
Inmathematics, thelimit inferiorandlimit superiorof asequencecan be thought of aslimiting(that is, eventual and extreme) bounds on the sequence. They can be thought of in a similar fashion for afunction(seelimit of a function). For aset, they are theinfimum and supremumof the set'slimit points, respectively. In general... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limit_superior_and_limit_inferior |
Inmathematics, themaximum-minimums identityis a relation between the maximum element of asetSofnnumbers and the minima of the 2n− 1non-emptysubsetsofS.
LetS= {x1,x2, ...,xn}. Theidentitystates that
or conversely
For a probabilistic proof, see the reference.
Ross, Sheldon M. (2020).A First Course in Probability(Ten... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum-minimums_identity |
Inclassical mechanics, aparticleis inmechanical equilibriumif thenet forceon that particle is zero.[1]: 39By extension, aphysical systemmade up of many parts is in mechanical equilibrium if thenet forceon each of its individual parts is zero.[1]: 45–46[2]
In addition to defining mechanical equilibrium in terms of forc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mechanical_equilibrium |
Inmathematics, themex("minimumexcluded value") of asubsetof awell-orderedset is the smallest value from the whole set that does not belong to the subset. That is, it is theminimumvalue of thecomplement set.
Beyond sets,subclassesof well-orderedclasseshave minimum excluded values. Minimum excluded values of subclasses... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mex_(mathematics) |
Inmathematics, asaddle pointorminimax point[1]is apointon thesurfaceof thegraph of a functionwhere theslopes(derivatives) inorthogonaldirections are all zero (acritical point), but which is not alocal extremumof the function.[2]An example of a saddle point is when there is a critical point with a relativeminimumalong o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddle_point |
Instatistics, thesample maximumandsample minimum,also called thelargest observationandsmallest observation,are the values of the greatest and least elements of asample.[1]They are basicsummary statistics, used indescriptive statisticssuch as thefive-number summaryandBowley's seven-figure summaryand the associatedbox pl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sample_maximum_and_minimum |
Inalgebra, afieldkisperfectif any one of the following equivalent conditions holds:
Otherwise,kis calledimperfect.
In particular, all fields of characteristic zero and allfinite fieldsare perfect.
Perfect fields are significant becauseGalois theoryover these fields becomes simpler, since the general Galois assumptio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect_field |
Inarithmetic geometry, aFrobenioidis acategorywith some extra structure that generalizes the theory ofline bundleson models of finite extensions ofglobal fields. Frobenioids were introduced byShinichi Mochizuki(2008). The word "Frobenioid" is aportmanteauofFrobeniusandmonoid, as certainFrobenius morphismsbetween Froben... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frobenioid |
Inmathematics, afinite fieldorGalois field(so-named in honor ofÉvariste Galois) is afieldthat contains a finite number ofelements. As with any field, a finite field is aseton which the operations of multiplication, addition, subtraction and division are defined and satisfy certain basic rules. The most common example... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite_field#Frobenius_automorphism_and_Galois_theory |
Inalgebraic geometry, auniversal homeomorphismis amorphism of schemesf:X→Y{\displaystyle f:X\to Y}such that, for each morphismY′→Y{\displaystyle Y'\to Y}, the base changeX×YY′→Y′{\displaystyle X\times _{Y}Y'\to Y'}is ahomeomorphismof topological spaces.
A morphism of schemes is a universal homeomorphism if and only if... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal_homeomorphism |
Inmathematics, aWitt vectoris aninfinite sequenceof elements of acommutativering.Ernst Wittshowed how to put a ringstructureon the set of Witt vectors, in such a way that the ring of Witt vectorsW(Fp){\displaystyle W(\mathbb {F} _{p})}over thefinitefieldofprimeorderpisisomorphictoZp{\displaystyle \mathbb {Z} _{p}}, the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witt_vector |
Innumber theory, theLagarias arithmetic derivativeornumber derivativeis afunctiondefined forintegers, based onprime factorization, by analogy with theproduct rulefor thederivative of a functionthat is used inmathematical analysis.
There are many versions of "arithmetic derivatives", including the one discussed in this... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arithmetic_derivative |
Inmathematics, aderivationis a function on analgebrathat generalizes certain features of thederivativeoperator. Specifically, given an algebraAover aringor afieldK, aK-derivation is aK-linear mapD:A→Athat satisfiesLeibniz's law:
More generally, ifMis anA-bimodule, aK-linear mapD:A→Mthat satisfies the Leibniz law is a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derivation_(abstract_algebra) |
Innumber theory, afull reptend prime,full repetend prime,proper prime[1]: 166orlong primeinbasebis anoddprime numberpsuch that theFermat quotient
(wherepdoes notdivideb) gives acyclic number. Therefore, the basebexpansion of1/p{\displaystyle 1/p}repeats the digits of the corresponding cyclic number infinitely, as does... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full_reptend_prime |
Inmathematics,Midy's theorem, named afterFrenchmathematicianE. Midy,[1]is a statement about thedecimal expansionoffractionsa/pwherepis aprimeanda/phas arepeating decimalexpansion with anevenperiod (sequenceA028416in theOEIS). If the period of the decimal representation ofa/pis 2n, so that
ap=0.a1a2a3…anan+1…a2n¯{\disp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midy%27s_theorem |
Inmathematics, ann-parasitic number(inbase 10) is a positivenatural numberwhich, whenmultipliedbyn, results in movement of the lastdigitof itsdecimal representationto its front. Herenis itself a single-digit positive natural number. In other words, the decimal representation undergoes a rightcircular shiftby one place.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parasitic_number |
Atrailing zerois any 0 digit that comes after the last nonzero digit in a number string inpositional notation. For digitsbeforethe decimal point, the trailing zeros between thedecimal pointand the last nonzero digit are necessary for conveying the magnitude of a number and cannot be omitted (ex. 100), whileleading zero... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trailing_zero |
Thereciprocalsofprime numbershave been of interest to mathematicians for various reasons. Theydo not have a finite sum, asLeonhard Eulerproved in 1737.
Likerational numbers, the reciprocals of primes haverepeating decimalrepresentations. In his later years,George Salmon(1819–1904) concerned himself with the repeatin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unique_prime |
Inmathematics,0.999...(also written as0.9,0..9, or0.(9)) is arepeating decimalthat is an alternative way of writing the number1. Following the standard rules for representingnumbersin decimal notation, its value is the smallest number greater than or equal to every number in the sequence0.9, 0.99, 0.999, .... It can be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/0.999... |
Inmathematics, thepigeonhole principlestates that ifnitems are put intomcontainers, withn>m, then at least one container must contain more than one item.[1]For example, of three gloves, at least two must be right-handed or at least two must be left-handed, because there are three objects but only two categories of hand... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigeonhole_principle |
In mathematics, aCarleman matrixis a matrix used to convertfunction compositionintomatrix multiplication. It is often used in iteration theory to find the continuousiteration of functionswhich cannot be iterated bypattern recognitionalone. Other uses of Carleman matrices occur in the theory ofprobabilitygenerating fun... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell_matrix |
Incombinatorialmathematics, theexponential formula(called thepolymer expansioninphysics) states that theexponential generating functionfor structures onfinite setsis theexponentialof the exponential generating function for connected structures.
The exponential formula is apower seriesversion of a special case ofFaà di ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential_formula |
Inmathematics, and in particular ingroup theory, acyclic permutationis apermutationconsisting of a single cycle.[1][2]In some cases, cyclic permutations are referred to ascycles;[3]if a cyclic permutation haskelements, it may be called ak-cycle. Some authors widen this definition to include permutations with fixed poin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclic_permutation |
Inmathematics, apermutationof asetcan mean one of two different things:
An example of the first meaning is the six permutations (orderings) of the set {1, 2, 3}: written astuples, they are (1, 2, 3), (1, 3, 2), (2, 1, 3), (2, 3, 1), (3, 1, 2), and (3, 2, 1).Anagramsof a word whose letters are all different are also pe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycle_notation |
In the mathematical theory ofspecial functions, thePochhammerk-symboland thek-gamma function, introduced by Rafael Díaz and Eddy Pariguan[1]are generalizations of thePochhammer symbolandgamma function. They differ from the Pochhammer symbol and gamma function in that they can be related to a generalarithmetic progressi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pochhammer_k-symbol |
Incombinatorics,Vandermonde's identity(orVandermonde's convolution) is the following identity forbinomial coefficients:
for any nonnegativeintegersr,m,n. The identity is named afterAlexandre-Théophile Vandermonde(1772), although it was already known in 1303 by theChinese mathematicianZhu Shijie.[1]
There is aq-analo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandermonde_identity |
The termumbral calculushas two related but distinct meanings.
Inmathematics, before the 1970s, umbral calculus referred to the surprising similarity between seemingly unrelatedpolynomial equationsand certain shadowy techniques used to prove them. These techniques were introduced in 1861 byJohn Blissardand are sometime... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbral_calculus |
Incombinatorialmathematics, aLangford pairing, also called aLangford sequence, is apermutationof the sequence of 2nnumbers 1, 1, 2, 2, ...,n,nin which the two 1s are one unit apart, the two 2s are two units apart, and more generally the two copies of each numberkarekunits apart. Langford pairings are named after C. Dud... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langford_pairing |
Inmathematics,Stirling's approximation(orStirling's formula) is anasymptoticapproximation forfactorials. It is a good approximation, leading to accurate results even for small values ofn{\displaystyle n}. It is named afterJames Stirling, though a related but less precise result was first stated byAbraham de Moivre.[1][... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stirling%27s_approximation |
Mobile technologyis the technology used forcellular communication. Mobile technology has evolved rapidly over the past few years. Since the start of this millennium, a standard mobile device has gone from being no more than a simple two-waypagerto being amobile phone,GPS navigation device, an embeddedweb browserandinst... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_technology |
TheGlobal System for Mobile Communications(GSM) is a family of standards to describe the protocols for second-generation (2G) digitalcellular networks,[2]as used by mobile devices such asmobile phonesandmobile broadband modems. GSM is also atrade markowned by theGSM Association.[3]"GSM" may also refer to the voice code... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GSM |
In communications,Circuit Switched Data(CSD) (also namedGSM data) is the original form ofdatatransmission developed for thetime-division multiple access(TDMA)-basedmobile phonesystems likeGlobal System for Mobile Communications(GSM). In later years,High Speed Circuit Switched Data(HSCSD) was developed providing increas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_Switched_Data |
General Packet Radio Service(GPRS), also called2.5G, is amobile datastandard on the2Gcellular communicationnetwork'sglobal system for mobile communications(GSM).[1]Networks and mobile devices with GPRS started to roll out around the year 2001;[2]it offered, for the first time on GSM networks, seamless data transmission... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPRS |
Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution(EDGE), also known as2.75Gand under various other names, is a2Gdigitalmobile phonetechnology forpacket switcheddata transmission. It is a subset ofGeneral Packet Radio Service(GPRS) on theGSMnetwork and improves upon it offering speeds close to3Gtechnology, hence the name 2.75G. EDG... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EDGE_(telecommunication) |
Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution(EDGE), also known as2.75Gand under various other names, is a2Gdigitalmobile phonetechnology forpacket switcheddata transmission. It is a subset ofGeneral Packet Radio Service(GPRS) on theGSMnetwork and improves upon it offering speeds close to3Gtechnology, hence the name 2.75G. EDG... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolved_EDGE |
Digital AMPS(D-AMPS), most often referred to asTDMA, is a second-generation (2G)cellular phonesystem that was once prevalent throughout theAmericas, particularly in theUnited StatesandCanadasince the first commercial network was deployed in 1993.[1]Former large D-AMPS networks included those ofAT&TandRogers Wireless. T... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_AMPS |
Cellular Digital Packet Data(CDPD) is an obsolete wide-area mobile data service which used unusedbandwidthnormally used byAdvanced Mobile Phone System(AMPS)mobile phonesbetween 800 and 900MHzto transfer data. Speeds up to 19.2kbit/swere possible, though real world speeds seldom reached higher than 9.6 kbit/s. The servi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_Digital_Packet_Data |
ThePersonal Handy-phone System(PHS), also known as thePersonal Communication Telephone(PCT) in Thailand, and thePersonal Access System(PAS) and commercially branded asXiaolingtong(Chinese:小灵通) inChina, was amobile networksystem operating in the 1880–1930MHzfrequency band. InJapan, it was introduced as a low-cost wirele... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Handy-phone_System |
Personal Digital Cellular(PDC) was a2Gmobiletelecommunicationsstandard used exclusively inJapan.[citation needed]
After a peak of nearly 80 million subscribers to PDC, it had 46 million subscribers in December 2005, and was slowly phased out in favor of 3G technologies likeW-CDMAandCDMA2000. At the end of March 2012, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Personal_Digital_Cellular |
3Grefers to the third-generation ofcellular networktechnology. These networks were rolled out beginning in the early 2000s and represented a significant advancement over the second-generation (2G), particularly in terms of data transfer speeds andmobile internetcapabilities. The major 3G standards areUMTS(developed by3... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3G |
TheUniversal Mobile Telecommunications System(UMTS) is a3Gmobile cellular system for networks based on theGSMstandard.[1]UMTS useswideband code-division multiple access(W-CDMA) radio access technology to offer greater spectral efficiency and bandwidth tomobile network operatorscompared to previous2Gsystems likeGPRSandC... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TD-CDMA |
High Speed Packet Access(HSPA)[1]is an amalgamation of twomobileprotocols—High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)—that extends and improves the performance of existing3Gmobile telecommunication networks using theWCDMAprotocols. A further-improved3GPPstandard calledEvolved H... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access |
Evolved High Speed Packet Access,HSPA+,HSPA(Plus) orHSPAP, is atechnical standardforwireless broadbandtelecommunication, and extends the originalHSPA. The 3GPP standard organisation specified the original HSPA in release 7. HSPA+ can achieve data rates of up to 42.2 Mbit/s.[1]HSPA+ upgrades existing 3G networks to achi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA%2B |
Orthogonal frequency-division multiple access(OFDMA) is a multi-user version of the popularorthogonal frequency-division multiplexing(OFDM)digital modulationscheme.Multiple accessis achieved in OFDMA by assigning subsets ofsubcarriersto individual users. This allows simultaneous low-data-rate transmission from several ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OFDMA |
Evolution-Data Optimized(EV-DO,EVDO, etc.) is atelecommunicationsstandard for thewirelesstransmission of data throughradiosignals, typically forbroadband Internet access. EV-DO is an evolution of theCDMA2000(IS-2000) standard which supports high data rates and can be deployed alongside a wireless carrier's voice servic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EVDO |
SVDO, orSimultaneousVoice andEV-DOdata, is a technology that allows supportedCDMA2000EV-DO cellular phones to maintain an active 3G data session while the phone is on a call. Previously, the capability of being able to use data while on a call was found only on mobile phones usingGSMcellular networks. In 2011,Verizon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SVDO |
International Mobile Telecommunications-Advanced(IMT-Advanced Standard) are the requirements issued by theITU Radiocommunication Sector(ITU-R) of theInternational Telecommunication Union(ITU) in 2008 for what is marketed as4G(or in Turkey as 4.5G[1][2][3]) mobile phone andInternet accessservice.
An IMT-Advanced system... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMT_Advanced |
LTE Advanced, also named or recognized asLTE+,LTE-Aor4G+, is a4Gmobilecellularcommunication standard developed by3GPPas a major enhancement of theLong Term Evolution(LTE) standard.
Three technologies from the LTE-Advanced tool-kit –carrier aggregation, 4x4MIMOand256QAMmodulation in the downlink – if used together and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTE_Advanced |
LTE Advanced, also named or recognized asLTE+,LTE-Aor4G+, is a4Gmobilecellularcommunication standard developed by3GPPas a major enhancement of theLong Term Evolution(LTE) standard.
Three technologies from the LTE-Advanced tool-kit –carrier aggregation, 4x4MIMOand256QAMmodulation in the downlink – if used together and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTE_Advanced_Pro |
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access(WiMAX) is a family ofwireless broadbandcommunication standards based on theIEEE 802.16set of standards, which provide physical layer (PHY) andmedia access control(MAC) options.
TheWiMAX Forumwas formed in June 2001 to promote conformity and interoperability, including th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX |
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access(WiMAX) is a family ofwireless broadbandcommunication standards based on theIEEE 802.16set of standards, which provide physical layer (PHY) andmedia access control(MAC) options.
TheWiMAX Forumwas formed in June 2001 to promote conformity and interoperability, including th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WiMAX-Advanced |
Evolution-Data Optimized(EV-DO,EVDO, etc.) is atelecommunicationsstandard for thewirelesstransmission of data throughradiosignals, typically forbroadband Internet access. EV-DO is an evolution of theCDMA2000(IS-2000) standard which supports high data rates and can be deployed alongside a wireless carrier's voice servic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra_Mobile_Broadband |
IEEE 802.20orMobile Broadband Wireless Access(MBWA) was a specification by thestandard associationof theInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE) formobile broadbandnetworks. The main standard was published in 2008.[1]MBWA is no longer being actively developed.
Thiswireless broadbandtechnology is also kn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.20 |
5G NR(5GNew Radio)[1]is aradio access technology(RAT) developed by the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) for the5G(fifth generation) mobile network.[1]It was designed to be the global standard for the air interface of 5G networks.[2]It is based onorthogonal frequency-division multiplexing(OFDM), as is the4G(fou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5G_NR |
Intelecommunications,5Gis the "fifth generation" ofcellular networktechnology, as the successor to the fourth generation (4G), and has been deployed bymobile operatorsworldwide since 2019.
Compared to 4G, 5G networks offer not only higherdownload speeds, with a peak speed of 10gigabits per second(Gbit/s),[a]but also s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5G-Advanced |
The3rd Generation Partnership Project(3GPP) is an umbrella term for a number ofstandards organizationswhich develop protocols formobile telecommunications. Its best known work is the development and maintenance of:[1]
3GPP is a consortium withseven national or regional telecommunication standards organizationsas prima... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3GPP |
Cellular frequenciesare the sets of frequency ranges within theultra high frequencyband that have beenassignedfor cellular-compatiblemobile devices, such asmobile phones, to connect tocellular networks.[1]Most mobile networks worldwide use portions of theradio frequency spectrum,allocatedto themobile service, for the t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellular_frequencies |
TheGlobal Positioning System(GPS) is asatellite-basedhyperbolic navigationsystem owned by theUnited States Space Forceand operated byMission Delta 31.[2][3]It is one of theglobal navigation satellite systems(GNSS) that providegeolocationandtime informationto aGPS receiveranywhere on or near the Earth where there is an ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System |
Roamingis awirelesstelecommunicationterm typically used with mobile devices, such asmobile phones. It refers to a mobile phone being used outside the range of its native network and connecting to another availablecell network.
In more technical terms, roaming refers tothe ability for acellularcustomer to automatically... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roaming |
Long-Term Evolution(LTE) telecommunications networks use severalfrequency bandswith associatedbandwidths.
From Tables 5.5-1 "E-UTRA Operating Bands" and 5.6.1-1 "E-UTRA Channel Bandwidth" of the latest published version of the 3GPP TS 36.101,[1]the following table lists the specified frequency bands ofLTEand the chann... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTE_frequency_bands |
Frequency bands for5G New Radio(5G NR), which is the air interface orradio access technologyof the5Gmobile networks, are separated into two different frequency ranges. First there is Frequency Range 1 (FR1),[1]which includes sub-7 GHz frequency bands, some of which are traditionally used by previous standards, but has ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5G_NR_frequency_bands |
CDMA frequency bandsor frequency ranges are thecellular frequenciesdesignated by theITUfor the operation ofcdmaOneandCDMA2000mobile phonesand othermobile devices.[1][2][3][4]
From the latest published version of the respective3GPP2technical standard (C.S0057-F),[5]the following table lists the specified frequency band... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMA_frequency_bands |
TheUnited States 700 MHz FCC wirelessspectrum auction, officially known asAuction 73,[1]was started by theFederal Communications Commission(FCC) on January 24, 2008 for the rights to operate the 700 MHzradio frequencybandin theUnited States. The details of process were the subject of debate among severaltelecommunicati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_United_States_wireless_spectrum_auction |
Amobile broadband modem, also known aswireless modemorcellular modem, is a type ofmodemthat allows apersonal computeror arouterto receivewirelessInternet accessvia amobile broadbandconnection instead of usingtelephoneorcable televisionlines. A mobile Internet user can connect using a wireless modem to a wirelessInterne... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_broadband_modem |
Reverse 911is apublic safetycommunications technology used by public safety organizations in Canada and the United States to communicate with groups of people in a defined geographic area. The system uses a database of telephone numbers and associated addresses, which, when tied intogeographic information systems(GIS),... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_911 |
Affirmed,United States v. Carpenter, 819F.3d880(6th Cir. 2016).
Remanded for resentencing, 788 Fed. Appx. 364 (6th Cir. 2019).Affirmed, No.22-1198(6th Cir. 2023).Rehearingen bancdenied (6th Cir. 2023).
Carpenter v. United States,585U.S.296(2018), is alandmarkUnited States Supreme Courtcase concerning the privacy of h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpenter_v._United_States |
Cellphone surveillance(also known ascellphone spying) may involve tracking,bugging, monitoring,eavesdropping, and recording conversations and text messages onmobile phones.[1]It also encompasses the monitoring of people's movements, which can betracked using mobile phone signalswhen phones are turned on.[2]
StingRay d... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cellphone_surveillance |
Ageofence warrantor areverse location warrantis asearch warrantissued by a court to allowlaw enforcementto search a database to find all activemobile deviceswithin a particulargeo-fencearea. Courts have granted law enforcement geo-fence warrants to obtain information from databases such asGoogle'sSensorvault, which col... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geofence_warrant |
Geopositioningis the process of determining or estimating thegeographic positionof an object or a person.[1]Geopositioning yields a set ofgeographic coordinates(such aslatitudeandlongitude) in a givenmap datum. Geographic positions may also be expressed indirectly, as a distance inlinear referencingor as a bearing and ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geolocation |
GLONASS(ГЛОНАСС,IPA:[ɡɫɐˈnas]; Russian:Глобальная навигационная спутниковая система,romanized:Global'naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema,lit.'Global Navigation Satellite System') is a Russiansatellite navigationsystem operating as part of aradionavigation-satellite service. It provides an alternative toGlobal Pos... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GLONASS |
Google Latitudewas alocation-awarefeature ofGoogle Maps, developed byGoogleas a successor to its earlierSMS-based serviceDodgeball. Latitude allowed amobile phoneuser to allow certain people to view their current location. Via their ownGoogle Account, the user's cell phone location was mapped on Google Maps. The user c... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Latitude |
Asatellite navigation(satnav)deviceorGPS deviceis a device that usessatellitesof theGlobal Positioning System(GPS) or similarglobal navigation satellite systems(GNSS).
A satnav device candeterminethe user'sgeographic coordinatesand may display thegeographical positionon a map and offer routing directions (as inturn-by-... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPS_phone |
Anindoor positioning system(IPS) is a network of devices used to locate people or objects whereGPSand other satellite technologies lack precision or fail entirely, such as inside multistory buildings, airports, alleys, parking garages, and underground locations.[1]
A large variety of techniques and devices are used to... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoor_positioning |
TheInternational Mobile Equipment Identity(IMEI)[1]is a numericidentifier, usuallyunique,[2][3]for3GPPandiDENmobile phones, as well as somesatellite phones. It is usually found printed inside the battery compartment of the phone but can also be displayed on-screen on most phones by entering theMMI Supplementary Service... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMEI_number |
Apositioning systemis a system for determining thepositionof an object inspace.[1]Positioning system technologies exist ranging from interplanetary coverage with meter accuracy to workspace and laboratory coverage with sub-millimeter accuracy. A major subclass is made ofgeopositioningsystems, used for determining an ob... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_positioning_system |
Mobile datingservices, also known ascell dating,cellular dating, orcell phone dating, allow individuals to chat,flirt, meet, and possibly become romantically involved by means oftext messaging, mobile chatting, and themobile web.
These services allow their users to provide information about themselves in a short profi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_dating |
Mobile device forensicsis a branch ofdigital forensicsrelating to recovery ofdigital evidenceor data from amobile deviceunderforensicallysound conditions. The phrasemobile deviceusually refers tomobile phones; however, it can also relate to any digital device that has both internal memory andcommunicationability, inclu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_device_forensics |
Themobile identification number(MIN) ormobile subscription identification number(MSIN) refers to the 10-digitunique number that awireless carrieruses to identify amobile phone, which is the last part of theinternational mobile subscriber identity(IMSI). The MIN is a number that uniquely identifies a mobile phone workin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_identification_number |
Apositioning systemis a system for determining thepositionof an object inspace.[1]Positioning system technologies exist ranging from interplanetary coverage with meter accuracy to workspace and laboratory coverage with sub-millimeter accuracy. A major subclass is made ofgeopositioningsystems, used for determining an ob... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positioning_technology |
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