text
stringlengths
16
172k
source
stringlengths
32
122
TheDocument Object Model(DOM) is across-platformandlanguage-independentinterface that treats anHTMLorXMLdocument as atree structurewherein eachnodeis anobjectrepresenting a part of the document. The DOM represents a document with a logical tree. Each branch of the tree ends in a node, and each node contains objects. DO...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_Object_Model
Insoftware engineering, adouble-chance functionis a softwaredesign patternwith a strong application incross-platformand scalable development. Consider a graphicsAPIwith functions toDrawPoint,DrawLine, andDrawSquare. It is easy to see thatDrawLinecan be implemented solely in terms ofDrawPoint, andDrawSquarecan in turn ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double-chance_function
Aforeign function interface(FFI) is a mechanism by which a program written in oneprogramming languagecan call routines or make use of services written or compiled in another one. An FFI is often used in contexts where calls are made into a binarydynamic-link library. The term comes from the specification forCommon Lis...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign_function_interface
Insoftware development,frontendrefers to thepresentation layerthat users interact with, whilebackendinvolves thedata managementand processing behind the scenes, and full-stack development refers to mastering both. In theclient–server model, theclientis usually considered the frontend, handling user-facing tasks, and th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Front_and_back_ends
In computing, aninterfaceis a shared boundary across which two or more separate components of acomputer systemexchange information. The exchange can be betweensoftware,computer hardware,peripheral devices,humans, and combinations of these.[1]Some computer hardware devices, such as atouchscreen, can both send and receiv...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_(computing)
Aninterface control document(ICD) insystems engineering[1]andsoftware engineering, provides a record of all interface information (such as drawings, diagrams, tables, and textual information) generated for a project.[2]The underlying interface documents provide the details and describe the interface or interfaces betwe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interface_control_document
3D graphics have become so popular, particularly invideo games, that specializedAPIs(application programming interfaces) have been created to ease the processes in all stages of computer graphics generation. These APIs have also proved vital to computer graphics hardware manufacturers, as they provide a way forprogramm...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_3D_graphics_APIs
In software engineering, amicroservicearchitecture is an architectural pattern that organizes an application into a collection of loosely coupled, fine-grained services that communicate through lightweight protocols. This pattern is characterized by the ability to develop and deploy services independently, improving mo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microservices
Incompilerconstruction,name mangling(also calledname decoration) is a technique used to solve various problems caused by the need to resolve unique names for programming entities in many modernprogramming languages. It provides means to encode added information in the name of afunction,structure,classor anotherdata ty...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Name_mangling
Anopen API(often referred to as a public API) is a publicly availableapplication programming interfacethat provides developers with programmatic access to a (possibly proprietary)software applicationorweb service.[1]Open APIs are APIs that are published on theinternetand are free to access by consumers.[2] There is no...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_API
Anopen service interface definition(OSID) is a programmatic interface specification describing a service. These interfaces are specified by theOpen Knowledge Initiative(OKI) to implement aservice-oriented architecture(SOA) to achieveinteroperabilityamong applications across a varied base of underlying and changing tech...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Service_Interface_Definitions
Parsing,syntax analysis, orsyntactic analysisis a process of analyzing astringofsymbols, either innatural language,computer languagesordata structures, conforming to the rules of aformal grammarby breaking it into parts. The termparsingcomes from Latinpars(orationis), meaningpart (of speech).[1] The term has slightly ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parsing
Incomputing, aplug-in(orplugin,add-in,addin,add-on, oraddon) is asoftware componentthat extends the functionality of an existingsoftware systemwithout requiring the system to bere-built. A plug-infeatureis one way that a system can becustomizable.[1] Applications support plug-ins for a variety of reasons including: E...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plug-in_(computing)
RESTful API Modeling Language(RAML) is aYAML-based language for describing staticAPIs(but not REST APIs).[2]It provides all the information necessary to describe APIs on the level 2 of theRichardson Maturity Model. Although designed with RESTful APIs in mind, RAML is not capable of describing APIs that obey all constra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RAML_(software)
Asoftware development kit(SDK) is a collection of software development tools in one installable package. They facilitate the creation of applications by having a compiler, debugger and sometimes asoftware framework. They are normally specific to a hardware platform and operating system combination. To create applicatio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_development_kit
Web designencompasses many different skills and disciplines in the production and maintenance of websites. The different areas of web design include web graphic design;user interface design(UI design); authoring, including standardised code andproprietary software;user experience design(UX design); andsearch engine opt...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_content_vendor
Cross Platform Component Object Model(XPCOM) is across-platformcomponent modelfromMozilla. It is similar toComponent Object Model(COM),Common Object Request Broker Architecture(CORBA) andsystem object model(SOM). It features multiplelanguage bindingsandinterface description language(IDL) descriptions, which allow progr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XPCOM
Abinary recompileris acompilerthat takesexecutablebinary filesas input, analyzes their structure, applies transformations and optimizations, and outputs new optimized executable binaries.[1] The foundation to the concepts of binary recompilation were laid out byGary Kildall[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]with the development of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_recompiler
Incomputing,binary translationis a form ofbinary recompilationwhere sequences ofinstructionsare translated from a sourceinstruction set(ISA) to the target instruction set with respect to theoperating systemfor which the binary was compiled for. In some cases such asinstruction set simulation, the target instruction set...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_translation
Platform virtualization software, specificallyemulatorsandhypervisors, aresoftware packagesthat emulate the whole physical computer machine, often providing multiplevirtual machineson one physical platform. The table below compares basic information aboutplatform virtualizationhypervisors. This table is meant to outli...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_platform_virtualization_software
Incomputing,just-in-time(JIT)compilation(alsodynamic translationorrun-time compilations)[1]iscompilation(ofcomputer code) during execution of a program (atrun time) rather than before execution.[2]This may consist ofsource code translationbut is more commonlybytecodetranslation tomachine code, which is then executed di...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-in-time_compilation
Incomputer programming,instrumentationis the act of modifying software so thatanalysiscan be performed on it.[1] Generally, instrumentation either modifiessource codeorbinary code. Execution environments like the JVM provide separate interfaces to add instrumentation to program executions, such as theJVMTI, which enab...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentation_(computer_programming)
Data verificationis a process in which different types of data are checked for accuracy andinconsistenciesafterdata migrationis done.[1]In some domains it is referred to Source Data Verification (SDV), such as inclinical trials.[2] Data verification helps to determine whether data was accurately translated when data i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data_verification
In thesocial sciences,triangulationrefers to the application and combination of severalresearch methodsin the study of the same phenomenon.[1]By combining multiple observers, theories, methods, andempiricalmaterials, researchers hope to overcome the weakness or intrinsicbiasesand the problems that come from single meth...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangulation_(social_science)
Database normalizationis the process of structuring arelational databasein accordance with a series of so-callednormal formsin order to reducedata redundancyand improvedata integrity. It was first proposed byBritishcomputer scientistEdgar F. Coddas part of hisrelational model. Normalization entails organizing thecolum...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database_normalization
Daikonis acomputer programthat detects likely invariants of programs.[1]Aninvariantis a condition that always holds true at certain points in the program. It is mainly used[2]fordebuggingprograms in late development, or checking modifications to existing code. Daikon can detect properties inC,C++,Java,Perl, andIOAprog...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daikon_(system)
Dynamic load testing(ordynamic loading) is a method to assess apile'sbearing capacityby applying a dynamic load to the pile head (a falling mass) while recording acceleration and strain on the pile head. Dynamic load testing is ahigh strain dynamic testwhich can be appliedafterpile installation for concrete piles. For ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic_load_testing
Incomputer science,program analysis[1]is the process of analyzing the behavior of computer programs regarding a property such as correctness, robustness, safety and liveness. Program analysis focuses on two major areas:program optimizationandprogram correctness. The first focuses on improving the program’s performance...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_analysis_(computer_science)
TPT(time partition testing) is a systematictestmethodologyfor theautomatedsoftware testandverificationofembedded control systems,cyber-physical systems, anddataflow programs. TPT is specialised on testing andvalidationof embedded systems whose inputs and outputs can be represented assignalsand is a dedicated method for...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Partition_Testing
GUI testing toolsserve the purpose of automating thetesting process of software with graphical user interfaces.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_GUI_testing_tools
Astandards organization,standards body,standards developing organization(SDO), orstandards setting organization(SSO) is an organization whose primary function is developing, coordinating, promulgating, revising, amending, reissuing, interpreting, or otherwise contributing to the usefulness oftechnical standards[1]to th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standards_organization
Product testing, also calledconsumer testingorcomparative testing, is a process of measuring the properties or performance of products. The theory is that since the advent ofmass production, manufacturers producebrandedproducts which they assert and advertise to be identical within sometechnical standard.[citation nee...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product_testing
Atest methodis amethodfor a test inscienceorengineering, such as aphysical test,chemical test, orstatistical test. It is a specified procedure that produces a test result.[1]To ensure accurate and relevant results, a test method should be "explicit, unambiguous, and experimentally feasible.",[2]as well as effective[3]a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_method
Insoftware engineering,graphical user interface testingis the process oftestinga product'sgraphical user interface(GUI) to ensure it meets its specifications. This is normally done through the use of a variety oftest cases. To generate a set oftest cases,test designersattempt to cover all the functionality of the sys...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GUI_testing
Insoftware testing,test automationis the use ofsoftwareseparate from the software being tested to control the execution of tests and the comparison of actual outcomes with predicted outcomes.[1]Test automation can automate some repetitive but necessary tasks in a formalized testing process already in place, or perform ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codeless_test_automation
Pair programmingis asoftware developmenttechnique in which twoprogrammerswork together at one workstation. One, thedriver, writescodewhile the other, theobserverornavigator,[1]reviewseach line of code as it is typed in. The two programmers switch roles frequently. While reviewing, the observer also considers the "stra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pair_programming
Exploratory testingis an approach tosoftware testingthat is concisely described as simultaneous learning,test designand test execution.Cem Kaner, who coined the term in 1984,[1]defines exploratory testing as "a style of software testing that emphasizes the personal freedom and responsibility of the individual tester to...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exploratory_testing
Agile software developmentis an umbrella term for approaches todeveloping softwarethat reflect the values and principles agreed upon byThe Agile Alliance, a group of 17 software practitioners, in 2001.[1]As documented in theirManifesto for Agile Software Developmentthe practitioners value:[2] The practitioners cite in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agile_software_development
Incomputer science,all-pairs testingorpairwise testingis acombinatorialmethod ofsoftware testingthat, foreach pairof input parameters to a system (typically, asoftwarealgorithm), tests all possible discrete combinations of those parameters. Using carefully chosentest vectors, this can be done much faster than an exhaus...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-pairs_testing
TheInternational Software Testing Qualifications Board(ISTQB) is asoftware testing certification boardthat operates internationally.[1]Founded in Edinburgh in November 2002, the ISTQB is a non-profit association legally registered in Belgium. ISTQB Certified Tester is a standardized qualification for software testers ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Software_Testing_Qualifications_Board
P-Modeling Frameworkis a package of guidelines, methods, tools and templates for thedevelopment processimprovement. P-Modelingframeworkcan be integrated into any otherSDLCin use, e.g.,MSFAgile, MSFCMMI,RUP, etc. The origins of P-Modeling Framework come from "The Babel Experiment" designed by Vladimir L. Pavlov in 2001...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-Modeling_Framework
Test managementmost commonly refers to the activity of managing a testing process. A test management tool issoftwareused to managetests(automated or manual) that have been previously specified by a test procedure. It is often associated withautomationsoftware. Test management tools often includerequirementand/orspecifi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_management
Test automation management toolsare specific tools that provide acollaborativeenvironment that is intended to maketest automationefficient, traceable and clear for stakeholders. Test automation is becoming a cross-discipline (i.e. a mix of both testing and development practices.) Test automationsystems usually need mo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_automation_management_tools
Inmathematicsandcomputer science, analgorithm(/ˈælɡərɪðəm/ⓘ) is a finite sequence ofmathematically rigorousinstructions, typically used to solve a class of specificproblemsor to perform acomputation.[1]Algorithms are used as specifications for performingcalculationsanddata processing. More advanced algorithms can useco...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algorithms
Aprogramming languageis a system of notation for writingcomputer programs.[1]Programming languages are described in terms of theirsyntax(form) andsemantics(meaning), usually defined by aformal language. Languages usually provide features such as atype system,variables, and mechanisms forerror handling. Animplementation...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_languages
Inengineering,debuggingis the process of finding theroot cause,workarounds, and possible fixes forbugs. Forsoftware, debugging tactics can involveinteractivedebugging,control flowanalysis,log file analysis, monitoring at theapplicationorsystemlevel,memory dumps, andprofiling. Manyprogramming languagesandsoftware devel...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debugging
Thislist of web testing toolsgives a general overview of features of software used forweb testing, and sometimes forweb scraping. Web testing tools may be classified based on different prerequisites that a user may require to test web applications mainly scripting requirements, GUI functionalities and browser compatib...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_web_testing_tools
Web server benchmarkingis the process of estimating aweb serverperformance in order to find if the server can serve sufficiently high workload. The performance is usually measured in terms of: The measurements must be performed under a varying load of clients and requests per client. Load testing(stress/performance ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Web_server_benchmarking
Incomputer science, aninterpreteris acomputer programthat directlyexecutesinstructions written in aprogrammingorscripting language, without requiring them previously to have beencompiledinto amachine languageprogram. An interpreter generally uses one of the following strategies for program execution: Early versions of...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interpreter_(computing)
Automated theorem proving(also known asATPorautomated deduction) is a subfield ofautomated reasoningandmathematical logicdealing with provingmathematical theoremsbycomputer programs. Automated reasoning overmathematical proofwas a major motivating factor for the development ofcomputer science. While the roots of forma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_theorem_prover
Acomputer-assisted proofis amathematical proofthat has been at least partially generated bycomputer. Most computer-aided proofs to date have been implementations of largeproofs-by-exhaustionof a mathematicaltheorem. The idea is to use a computer program to perform lengthy computations, and to provide a proof that the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-assisted_proof
Algebraic geometryis a branch ofmathematicswhich usesabstract algebraictechniques, mainly fromcommutative algebra, to solvegeometrical problems. Classically, it studieszerosofmultivariate polynomials; the modern approach generalizes this in a few different aspects. The fundamental objects of study in algebraic geometr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_algebraic_geometry
Acomputer algebra system(CAS) orsymbolic algebra system(SAS) is anymathematical softwarewith the ability to manipulatemathematical expressionsin a way similar to the traditional manual computations ofmathematiciansandscientists. The development of the computer algebra systems in the second half of the 20th century is p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_algebra_system
Thedifferential analyseris a mechanicalanalogue computerdesigned to solvedifferential equationsbyintegration, using wheel-and-disc mechanisms to perform the integration.[1]It was one of the first advanced computing devices to be used operationally.[2]In addition to the integrator devices, the machine used an epicyclic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_analyser
Incomputer science,model checkingorproperty checkingis a method for checking whether afinite-state modelof a system meets a givenspecification(also known ascorrectness). This is typically associated withhardwareorsoftware systems, where the specification contains liveness requirements (such as avoidance oflivelock) as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model_checker
Inmathematicsandcomputer science,symbolic-numeric computationis the use ofsoftwarethat combinessymbolicandnumericmethods to solve problems. Professional organizations Thisalgorithmsordata structures-related article is astub. You can help Wikipedia byexpanding it.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic-numeric_computation
Inartificial intelligence,symbolic artificial intelligence(also known asclassical artificial intelligenceorlogic-based artificial intelligence)[1][2]is the term for the collection of all methods in artificial intelligence research that are based on high-levelsymbolic(human-readable) representations of problems,logicand...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbolic_artificial_intelligence
Anabstract syntax tree(AST) is a data structure used incomputer scienceto represent the structure of a program or code snippet. It is atreerepresentation of theabstract syntacticstructure of text (oftensource code) written in aformal language. Each node of the tree denotes a construct occurring in the text. It is somet...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract_syntax_tree
Aflowchartis a type ofdiagramthat represents aworkfloworprocess. A flowchart can also be defined as a diagrammatic representation of analgorithm, a step-by-step approach to solving a task. The flowchart shows the steps as boxes of various kinds, and their order by connecting the boxes with arrows. This diagrammatic re...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowchart
Acontrol-flow diagram(CFD) is adiagramto describe thecontrol flowof abusiness process,processor review. Control-flow diagrams were developed in the 1950s, and are widely used in multipleengineeringdisciplines. They are one of the classicbusiness process modelingmethodologies, along withflow charts,drakon-charts,data f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control-flow_diagram
Incomputer science,control-flow analysis(CFA) is astatic-code-analysistechnique for determining thecontrol flowof a program. The control flow is expressed as acontrol-flow graph(CFG). For bothfunctional programming languagesandobject-oriented programming languages, the term CFA, and elaborations such ask-CFA, refer to ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Control-flow_analysis
Data-flow analysisis a technique for gathering information about the possible set of values calculated at various points in acomputer program. It forms the foundation for a wide variety of compiler optimizations and program verification techniques. A program'scontrol-flow graph(CFG) is used to determine those parts of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Data-flow_analysis
This is aglossary of graph theory.Graph theoryis the study ofgraphs, systems of nodes orverticesconnected in pairs by lines oredges.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interval_(graph_theory)
AProgram Dependence Graph(PDG) is adirected graphof a program'scontrolanddata dependencies. Nodes represent program statements and edges represent dependencies between these statements. PDGs are used in optimization, debugging, and understanding program behavior. One example of this is their utilization by compilers d...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_dependence_graph
Incompilerdesign,static single assignment form(often abbreviated asSSA formor simplySSA) is a type ofintermediate representation(IR) where eachvariableisassignedexactly once. SSA is used in most high-quality optimizing compilers for imperative languages, includingLLVM, theGNU Compiler Collection, and many commercial co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Static_single_assignment
Incomputing, acompileris acomputer programthattranslatescomputer code written in oneprogramming language(thesourcelanguage) into another language (thetargetlanguage). The name "compiler" is primarily used for programs that translatesource codefrom ahigh-level programming languageto alow-level programming language(e.g.a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiler_construction
Anintermediate representation(IR) is thedata structureor code used internally by acompilerorvirtual machineto representsource code. An IR is designed to be conducive to further processing, such asoptimizationandtranslation.[1]A "good" IR must beaccurate– capable of representing the source code without loss of informati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermediate_representation
Glitch artis an art movement centering around the practice of using digital or analog errors, more soglitches, for aesthetic purposes by either corrupting digital data or physically manipulating electronic devices. It has been also regarded as an increasing trend innew media art, with it retroactively being described a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glitch_art
Glitch removalis the elimination ofglitches—unnecessary signal transitions without functionality—from electronic circuits.Power dissipationof a gate occurs in two ways: static power dissipation and dynamic power dissipation. Glitch power comes under dynamic dissipation in the circuit and is directly proportional to swi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glitch_removal
Indigital logic, ahazardis an undesirable effect caused by either a deficiency in the system or external influences in bothsynchronous[citation needed]andasynchronous circuits.[1]: 43Logic hazards are manifestations of a problem in which changes in the input variables do not change the output correctly due to some form...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazard_(logic)
Ahardware bugis abugincomputer hardware. It is the hardware counterpart ofsoftware bug, a defect insoftware. A bug is different from aglitchwhich describes an undesirable behavior as more quick, transient and repeated than constant, and different from aquirkwhich is a behavior that may be considered useful even though...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardware_bug
Asoftware bugis a design defect (bug) incomputer software. Acomputer programwith many or serious bugs may be described asbuggy. The effects of a software bug range from minor (such as a misspelled word in theuser interface) to severe (such as frequentcrashing). In 2002, a study commissioned by the USDepartment of Com...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software_bug
Lazy Systematic Unit Testing[1]is a softwareunit testingmethod based on the two notions oflazy specification, the ability to infer the evolving specification of a unit on-the-fly by dynamic analysis, andsystematic testing, the ability to explore and test the unit's state space exhaustively to bounded depths. A testing...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazy_systematic_unit_testing#Systematic_Testing
SystemVerilog,standardizedasIEEE 1800by theInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers(IEEE), is ahardware descriptionandhardware verification languagecommonly used to model,design,simulate,testandimplementelectronic systems in thesemiconductorandelectronicdesign industry. SystemVerilog is an extension ofVerilog....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SystemVerilog#Constrained_random_generation
Inengineering, acorner case(orpathological case) involves a problem or situation that occurs only outside normal operatingparameters—specifically one that manifests itself when multiple environmental variables or conditions are simultaneously at extreme levels, even though each parameter is within the specified range f...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corner_case
Anedge caseis a problem or situation that occurs only at an extreme (maximum or minimum) operatingparameter. For example, a stereo speaker might noticeably distort audio when played at maximum volume, even in the absence of any other extreme setting or condition. An edge case can be expected or unexpected. Inengineeri...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge_case
Information sensitivityis the control ofaccess to informationorknowledgethat might result in loss of an advantage or level of security if disclosed to others.[1]Loss, misuse, modification, orunauthorized accessto sensitive information can adversely affect theprivacyor welfare of an individual,trade secretsof a business...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_sensitivity
Acomputer emergency response team(CERT) is anincident response teamdedicated tocomputer securityincidents. Other names used to describe CERT includecyber emergency response team,computer emergency readiness team,computer security incident response team(CSIRT), orcyber security incident response team. The name "Comput...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_emergency_response_team
In theU.S.,critical infrastructure protection(CIP) is a concept that relates to the preparedness and response to serious incidents that involve thecritical infrastructureof a region or the nation. The AmericanPresidential directivePDD-63 of May 1998 set up a national program of "Critical Infrastructure Protection".[1]I...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Critical_infrastructure_protection
Development testingis asoftware developmentprocess that involves synchronized application of a broad spectrum ofdefectprevention and detection strategies in order to reduce software development risks, time, and costs. Depending on the organization's expectations for software development, development testing might incl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Development_testing
BoundsCheckeris amemory checkingand API call validation tool used forC++software development withMicrosoft Visual C++. It was created byNuMegain the early 1990s. When NuMega was purchased byCompuwarein 1997, BoundsChecker became part of a larger tool suite,DevPartner Studio.Micro Focuspurchased the product line from Co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BoundsChecker
A"Hello, World!" programis usually a simplecomputer programthat emits (or displays) to the screen (often theconsole) a message similar to "Hello, World!". A small piece of code in mostgeneral-purpose programming languages, this program is used to illustrate a language's basicsyntax. Such a program is often the first wr...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%22Hello,_World!%22_program
Ashakedownis a period of testing or a trial journey undergone by a ship, aircraft or other craft and its crew before being declaredoperational. Statistically, a proportion of the components will failafter a relatively short period of use, and those that survive this period can be expected to last for a much longer, and...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shakedown_(testing)
Insoftware testing,test automationis the use ofsoftwareseparate from the software being tested to control the execution of tests and the comparison of actual outcomes with predicted outcomes.[1]Test automation can automate some repetitive but necessary tasks in a formalized testing process already in place, or perform ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automated_testing
Automatic test equipmentorautomated test equipment(ATE) is any apparatus that performs tests on a device, known as thedevice under test(DUT), equipment under test (EUT) or unit under test (UUT), usingautomationto quickly perform measurements and evaluate the test results. An ATE can be a simple computer-controlleddigit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_test_equipment
Mobile-device testingfunctions to assure the quality of mobile devices, like mobile phones, PDAs, etc. It is conducted on both hardware and software, and from the view of different procedures, the testing comprises R&D testing, factory testing and certificate testing. It involves a set of activities from monitoring ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile-device_testing
Quality control(QC) is a process by which entities review the quality of all factors involved inproduction.ISO 9000defines quality control as "a part ofquality managementfocused on fulfilling quality requirements".[1] This approach places emphasis on three aspects (enshrined in standards such as ISO 9001):[2][3] Insp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quality_control
Insoftware engineering, atest caseis a specification of the inputs, execution conditions, testing procedure, and expected results that define a single test to be executed to achieve a particularsoftware testingobjective, such as to exercise a particular program path or to verify compliance with a specific requirement.[...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_case
Atest fixtureis a device used to consistently test some item, device, or piece of software. Test fixtures are used in the testing of electronics, software and physical devices. In testing electronic equipment such as circuit boards, electronic components, and chips, a test fixture is a device or setup designed to hold...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_fixture
Atest planis a document detailing the objectives, resources, and processes for a specific test session for asoftwareor hardware product. The plan typically contains a detailed understanding of the eventualworkflow. A test plan documents the strategy that will be used to verify and ensure that a product or system meets...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Test_plan
GUI testing toolsserve the purpose of automating thetesting process of software with graphical user interfaces.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_GUI_testing_tools
Continuous testingis the process of executingautomated testsas part of the software delivery pipeline to obtain immediate feedback on the business risks associated with a software release candidate.[1][2]Continuous testing was originally proposed as a way of reducing waiting time for feedback to developers by introduci...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous_testing
Aheadless browseris aweb browserwithout agraphical user interface. Headless browsers provide automated control of a web page in an environment similar to popular web browsers, but they are executed via acommand-line interfaceor using network communication. They are particularly useful fortestingweb pages as they are a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headless_browser
Unit testing,a.k.a.componentormoduletesting, is a form ofsoftware testingby which isolatedsource codeis tested to validate expected behavior.[1] Unit testing describes tests that are run at the unit-level to contrast testing at theintegrationorsystemlevel. Unit testing, as a principle for testing separately smaller p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_test
Acodec listening testis ascientificstudydesigned to compare two or morelossyaudiocodecs, usually with respect to perceivedfidelityor compression efficiency. Most tests take the form of adouble-blindcomparison. Commonly used methods are known as "ABX" or "ABC/HR" or "MUSHRA". There are various software packages availab...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codec_listening_test
Indata compressionandpsychoacoustics,transparencyis the result oflossy data compressionaccurate enough that the compressed result isperceptuallyindistinguishable from the uncompressed input, i.e.perceptually lossless. Atransparency thresholdis a given value at which transparency is reached. It is commonly used to desc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparency_(data_compression)
Psychophysicsis the field ofpsychologywhich quantitatively investigates the relationship between physicalstimuliand thesensationsandperceptionsthey produce. Psychophysics has been described as "the scientific study of the relation between stimulus andsensation"[1]or, more completely, as "the analysis of perceptual proc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychophysics
Psychoacousticsis the branch ofpsychophysicsinvolving the scientific study of theperceptionofsoundby the humanauditory system. It is the branch of science studying thepsychologicalresponses associated with sound includingnoise,speech, andmusic. Psychoacoustics is an interdisciplinary field including psychology,acoustic...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychoacoustics
In the branch ofexperimental psychologyfocused onsense,sensation, andperception, which is calledpsychophysics, ajust-noticeable differenceorJNDis the amount something must be changed in order for a difference to be noticeable, detectable at least half the time.[1]Thislimenis also known as thedifference limen,difference...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just-noticeable_difference
Acceptance samplingusesstatistical samplingto determine whether to accept or reject a production lot of material. It has been a commonquality controltechnique used in industry. It is usually done as products leave the factory, or in some cases even within the factory. Most often a producer supplies a consumer with se...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acceptance_sampling