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Afiduciaryis a person who holds alegalor ethical relationship oftrustwith one or more otherparties(legal personor group of persons). Typically, a fiduciary prudently takes care of money or otherassetsfor another person. One party, for example, a corporate trust company or the trust department of a bank, acts in a fiduc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiduciary |
Inmathematics, especially inorder theory, thegreatest elementof a subsetS{\displaystyle S}of apartially ordered set(poset) is an element ofS{\displaystyle S}that is greater than every other element ofS{\displaystyle S}. The termleast elementis defineddually, that is, it is an element ofS{\displaystyle S}that is smaller... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greatest_element_and_least_element |
Incomputer science, thereentrant mutex(recursive mutex,recursive lock) is a particular type ofmutual exclusion(mutex) device that may be locked multiple times by the sameprocess/thread, without causing adeadlock.
While any attempt to perform the "lock" operation on an ordinary mutex (lock) would either fail or block w... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reentrant_mutex |
InCanada,trade secretsare generally considered to include information set out, contained or embodied in, but not limited to, a formula, pattern, plan, compilation, computer program, method, technique, process, product, device or mechanism; it may be information of any sort; an idea of a scientific nature, or of a liter... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trade_secrets_in_Canada |
Probabilityis a branch ofmathematicsandstatisticsconcerningeventsand numerical descriptions of how likely they are to occur. The probability of an event is a number between 0 and 1; the larger the probability, the more likely an event is to occur.[note 1][1][2]This number is often expressed as a percentage (%), rangin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probability |
Local regressionorlocal polynomial regression,[1]also known asmoving regression,[2]is a generalization of themoving averageandpolynomial regression.[3]Its most common methods, initially developed forscatterplot smoothing, areLOESS(locally estimated scatterplot smoothing) andLOWESS(locally weighted scatterplot smoothing... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Local_polynomial_regression |
Data corruptionrefers to errors incomputer datathat occur during writing, reading, storage, transmission, or processing, which introduce unintended changes to the original data. Computer, transmission, and storage systems use a number of measures to provide end-to-enddata integrity, or lack of errors.
In general, when... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-to-end_data_integrity |
Arepeating decimalorrecurring decimalis adecimal representationof a number whosedigitsare eventuallyperiodic(that is, after some place, the same sequence of digits is repeated forever); if this sequence consists only of zeros (that is if there is only a finite number of nonzero digits), the decimal is said to betermina... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurring_decimal#Fractions_with_prime_denominators |
Awatermarkis an identifying image or pattern inpaperthat appears as various shades of lightness/darkness when viewed by transmitted light (or when viewed by reflected light, atop a dark background), caused by thickness or density variations in the paper.[1]Watermarks have been used onpostage stamps,currency, and other ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watermark |
Observational learningislearningthat occurs through observing thebehaviorof others. It is a form ofsocial learningwhich takes various forms, based on various processes. In humans, this form of learning seems to not needreinforcementto occur, but instead, requires a social model such as aparent,sibling,friend, orteacher... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observational_Learning |
Inpropositional logic,import-exportis a name given to the propositional form ofExportation:
This already holds inminimal logic, and thus also inclassical logic, where the conditional operator "→{\displaystyle \rightarrow }" is taken asmaterial implication.
In theCurry-Howard correspondencefor intuitionistic logics, it... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Import-Export_(logic) |
Ingeometry,close-packing of equalspheresis a dense arrangement of congruent spheres in an infinite, regular arrangement (orlattice).Carl Friedrich Gaussproved that the highest average density – that is, the greatest fraction of space occupied by spheres – that can be achieved by alatticepacking is
The samepacking dens... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Close-packing_of_equal_spheres |
James Douglas Montgomery(born April 13, 1963) is professor ofsociologyandeconomicsat theUniversity of Wisconsin–Madison. He received his Ph.D. in economics fromMassachusetts Institute of Technology. He has applied game-theoretic models and non-monotonic logic to present formal analysis and description of social theorie... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_D._Montgomery_(economist) |
TheUNCITRAL Model Law on Electronic Transferable Records(“MLETR”) is auniform model lawthat has been adopted by theUnited Nations Commission on International Trade Law(UNCITRAL) in 2017.[1]Its scope is to allow the use of transferable documents and instruments in electronic form. Transferable documents and instruments ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UNCITRAL_Model_Law_on_Electronic_Signatures |
Theworst-case execution time(WCET) of acomputationaltask is the maximum length of time the task could take to execute on a specifichardwareplatform.
Worst case execution time is typically used in reliablereal-time systems, where understanding the worst case timing behaviour of software is important for reliability or ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worst-case_execution_time |
TheLiberty Alliance Projectwas an organization formed in September 2001 to establish standards, guidelines and best practices foridentity managementin computer systems.
It grew to more than 150 organizations, including technology vendors, consumer-facing companies, educational organizations and governments.
It releas... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_Alliance |
Aninformation modelinsoftware engineeringis a representation of concepts and the relationships, constraints, rules, andoperationsto specifydata semanticsfor a chosen domain of discourse. Typically it specifies relations between kinds of things, but may also include relations with individual things. It can provide shara... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_model |
Sideways Arithmetic From Wayside Schoolis achildren'snovelbyLouis Sacharin theWayside Schoolseries. The book contains mathematical and logic puzzles for the reader to solve, presented as whatThe New Yorkercalled "absurdist math problems."[1]The problems are interspersed with characteristically quirky stories about the ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sideways_Arithmetic_From_Wayside_School |
Incryptography, anoblivious transfer(OT) protocol is a type of protocol in which a sender transfers one of potentially many pieces of information to a receiver, but remainsobliviousas to what piece (if any) has been transferred.
The first form of oblivious transfer was introduced in 1981 byMichael O. Rabin.[1]In this ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblivious_transfer |
Anacronymis a type ofabbreviationconsisting of a phrase whose only pronounced elements are the initial letters or initial sounds of words inside that phrase. Acronyms are often spelled with the initialletterof eachwordinall capswith nopunctuation.
For some, aninitialism[1]oralphabetismconnotesthis general meaning, and... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acronym |
Insignal processing,independent component analysis(ICA) is a computational method for separating amultivariatesignal into additive subcomponents. This is done by assuming that at most one subcomponent is Gaussian and that the subcomponents arestatistically independentfrom each other.[1]ICA was invented by Jeanny Héraul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Independent_component_analysis |
Inclinical trialsand other scientific studies, aninterim analysisis an analysis of data that is conducted before data collection has been completed. Clinical trials are unusual in that enrollment of subjects is a continual process staggered in time. If a treatment can be proven to be clearly beneficial or harmful com... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interim_analysis |
TheMcKendrick–von Foerster equationis a linear first-orderpartial differential equationencountered in several areas ofmathematical biology– for example,demography[1]andcell proliferationmodeling; it is applied when age structure is an important feature in themathematical model.[2]It was first presented byAnderson Gray ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Von_Foerster_equation |
Low-power electronicsareelectronicsdesigned to consume lesselectrical powerthan usual, often at some expense. For example,notebook processorsusually consume less power than theirdesktopcounterparts, at the expense ofcomputer performance.[1]
The earliest attempts to reduce the amount of power required by an electronic ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-power_electronics |
Inmathematicsandcomputing, themethod of complementsis a technique to encode a symmetric range of positive and negativeintegersin a way that they can use the samealgorithm(ormechanism) foradditionthroughout the whole range. For a given number ofplaceshalf of the possible representations of numbers encode the positive nu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Method_of_complements |
Inmathematics, theTaylor seriesorTaylor expansionof afunctionis aninfinite sumof terms that are expressed in terms of the function'sderivativesat a single point. For most common functions, the function and the sum of its Taylor series are equal near this point. Taylor series are named afterBrook Taylor, who introduced ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_series |
Freedom of information lawsallow access by the general public to data held by national governments and, where applicable, by state and local governments. The emergence offreedom of informationlegislation was a response to increasing dissatisfaction with the secrecy surrounding government policy development and decision... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedom_of_information_laws_by_country |
Manual testingis the process of manuallytesting softwarefor defects. It requires a tester to play the role of an end user where by they use most of the application's features to ensure correct behaviour. To guarantee completeness of testing, the tester often follows a writtentest planthat leads them through a set of im... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manual_testing |
Attention seekingbehavior is to act in a way that is likely to elicit attention. Attention seeking behavior is defined in theDSM-5as "engaging in behavior designed to attract notice and to make oneself the focus of others' attention and admiration".[1]: 780This definition does not ascribe a motivation to the behavior a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attention_seeking |
Internet culturerefers to culture developed and maintained among frequent and active users of theInternet(also known asnetizens) who primarily communicate with one another as members ofonline communities; that is, a culture whose influence is "mediated by computer screens" andinformation communication technology,[1]: 6... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberculture |
Private biometricsis a form of encryptedbiometrics, also calledprivacy-preserving biometric authentication methods, in which the biometricpayloadis a one-way,homomorphically encrypted feature vectorthat is 0.05% the size of the originalbiometrictemplate and can be searched with full accuracy, speed and privacy. The fea... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Private_biometrics |
Bidirectional encoder representations from transformers(BERT) is alanguage modelintroduced in October 2018 by researchers atGoogle.[1][2]It learns to represent text as a sequence of vectors usingself-supervised learning. It uses theencoder-only transformerarchitecture. BERT dramatically improved thestate-of-the-artforl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BERT_(language_model) |
BLEU(bilingual evaluation understudy) is an algorithm forevaluatingthe quality of text which has beenmachine-translatedfrom onenatural languageto another. Quality is considered to be the correspondence between a machine's output and that of a human: "the closer a machine translation is to a professional human translati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BLEU |
Acryptocurrency(colloquiallycrypto) is adigital currencydesigned to work through acomputer networkthat is not reliant on any central authority, such as agovernmentorbank, to uphold or maintain it.[2]
Individual coin ownership records are stored in a digitalledgerorblockchain, which is a computerizeddatabasethat uses a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptocurrency |
Hexadecimal timeis the representation of thetimeofdayas ahexadecimalnumberin theinterval[0, 1).
The day is divided into 1016(1610) hexadecimal hours, each hour into 10016(25610) hexadecimal minutes, and each minute into 1016(1610) hexadecimal seconds.
This time format was proposed by the Swedish-American engineerJohn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexadecimal_time |
Sustainable managementtakes the concepts from sustainability and synthesizes them with the concepts ofmanagement.Sustainabilityhas three branches: theenvironment, the needs of present andfuture generations, and theeconomy. Using these branches, it creates the ability of a system to thrive by maintaining economic viabi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_management |
Partial (pooled) likelihood estimation forpanel datais aquasi-maximum likelihoodmethod forpanel analysisthat assumes that density ofyit{\displaystyle y_{it}}givenxit{\displaystyle x_{it}}is correctly specified for each time period but it allows for misspecification in the conditional density ofyi=(yi1,…,yiT){\displayst... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_likelihood_methods_for_panel_data#Pooled_QMLE_for_Poisson_models |
Incryptanalysis,frequency analysis(also known ascounting letters) is the study of thefrequency of lettersor groups of letters in aciphertext. The method is used as an aid to breakingclassical ciphers.
Frequency analysis is based on the fact that, in any given stretch of written language, certain letters and combinatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_analysis |
TransferJetis a close proximity wireless transfer technology initially proposed bySonyand demonstrated publicly in early 2008.[1]By touching (or bringing very close together) two electronic devices, TransferJet allows high speed exchange of data. The concept of TransferJet consists of a touch-activated interface which ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TransferJet |
Inmathematics,hyperbolic geometry(also calledLobachevskian geometryorBolyai–Lobachevskiangeometry) is anon-Euclidean geometry. Theparallel postulateofEuclidean geometryis replaced with:
(Compare the above withPlayfair's axiom, the modern version ofEuclid'sparallel postulate.)
Thehyperbolic planeis aplanewhere every p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyperbolic_geometry |
Ininformation theory,Fano's inequality(also known as theFano converseand theFano lemma) relates the average information lost in a noisy channel to the probability of the categorization error. It was derived byRobert Fanoin the early 1950s while teaching aPh.D.seminar in information theory atMIT, and later recorded in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fano%27s_inequality |
Runtime verificationis a computing system analysis and execution approach based on extracting information from a running system and using it to detect and possibly react to observed behaviors satisfying or violating certain properties.[1]Some very particular properties, such asdataraceanddeadlockfreedom, are typically ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runtime_verification |
Connascenceis a software design metric introduced by Meilir Page-Jones that quantifies the degree and type of dependency between software components, evaluating their strength (difficulty of change) and locality (proximity in the codebase). It can be categorized as static (analyzable at compile-time) or dynamic (detect... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connascence_(computer_science) |
PassMap/ˈpæsmæp/is a map-based graphical password method ofauthentication, similar topasswords, proposed byNational Tsing Hua Universityresearchers. The wordPassMaporiginates from the wordpasswordby substitutingwordwithmap.
PassMap was proposed byNational Tsing Hua Universityresearchers Hung-Min Sun, Yao-Hsin Chen, Ch... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PassMap |
Real-time locating systems(RTLS), also known asreal-time tracking systems, are used to automaticallyidentifyandtrackthe location of objects or people inreal time, usually within a building or other contained area. Wireless RTLS tags are attached to objects or worn by people, and in most RTLS, fixed reference points re... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_locating |
Digital anthropologyis the anthropological study of the relationship between humans and digital-era technology. The field is new, and thus has a variety of names with a variety of emphases. These include techno-anthropology,[1]digital ethnography, cyberanthropology,[2]and virtual anthropology.[3]
Most anthropologists... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_anthropology |
Inethics,evasionis an act ofdeceptionwhere a true statement isirrelevantor leads to afalse conclusion. For instance, a man knows that a woman is in a room in the building because he heard her, but in answer to a question as to whether she is present, says "I have not seen her", thereby avoiding bothlyingand making a r... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evasion_(ethics) |
Visual temporal attentionis a special case ofvisual attentionthat involves directing attention to specific instant of time. Similar to its spatial counterpartvisual spatial attention, these attention modules have been widely implemented invideo analyticsincomputer visionto provide enhanced performance and human interpr... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_temporal_attention |
TheeXtensible Access Control Markup Language(XACML) is anXML-based standardmarkup languagefor specifyingaccess controlpolicies. The standard, published byOASIS, defines a declarative fine-grained, attribute-basedaccess controlpolicy language, an architecture, and a processing model describing how to evaluate access req... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XACML |
Acanary trapis a method for exposing an information leak by giving different versions of a sensitive document to each of several suspects and seeing which version gets leaked. It could be one false statement, to see whether sensitive information gets out to other people as well. Special attention is paid to the quality... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canary_trap |
Incomputer programming, aself-relocatingprogram is a program thatrelocatesits own address-dependent instructions and data when run, and is therefore capable of being loaded into memory at any address.[1][2]In many cases, self-relocating code is also a form ofself-modifying code.
Self-relocation is similar to thereloca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-relocation |
Discrete mathematicsis the study ofmathematical structuresthat can be considered "discrete" (in a way analogous todiscrete variables, having abijectionwith the set ofnatural numbers) rather than "continuous" (analogously tocontinuous functions). Objects studied in discrete mathematics includeintegers,graphs, andstateme... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_mathematics |
Incomputer science,LR parsersare a type ofbottom-up parserthat analysedeterministic context-free languagesin linear time.[1]There are several variants of LR parsers:SLR parsers,LALR parsers,canonical LR(1) parsers,minimal LR(1) parsers, andgeneralized LR parsers(GLR parsers). LR parsers can be generated by aparser gene... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LR_parser |
fileis ashellcommandfor reporting the type of data contained in afile. It is commonly supported inUnixandUnix-likeoperating systems.
As the command uses relatively quick-runningheuristicsto determinefile type, it can report misleading information. The command can be fooled, for example, by including a magic number in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File_(command) |
Inmathematics,Light's associativity testis a procedure invented by F. W. Light for testing whether abinary operationdefined in afinite setby aCayley multiplication tableisassociative. The naive procedure for verification of the associativity of a binary operation specified by a Cayley table, which compares the two prod... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light%27s_associativity_test |
Ashipping containeris acontainerwith strength suitable to withstand shipment, storage, and handling. Shipping containers range from large reusable steel boxes used for intermodal shipments to the ubiquitouscorrugated boxes. In the context of international shipping trade, "container" or "shipping container" is virtually... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shipping_container#Re-use |
Inmathematics,Fourier–Bessel seriesis a particular kind ofgeneralized Fourier series(aninfinite seriesexpansion on a finite interval) based onBessel functions.
Fourier–Bessel series are used in the solution topartial differential equations, particularly incylindrical coordinatesystems.
The Fourier–Bessel series of a ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fourier%E2%80%93Bessel_series |
In mathematics, themax–min inequalityis as follows:
When equality holds one says thatf,W, andZsatisfies a strong max–min property (or asaddle-pointproperty). The example functionf(z,w)=sin(z+w){\displaystyle \ f(z,w)=\sin(z+w)\ }illustrates that the equality does not hold for every function.
A theorem giving conditi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%E2%80%93min_inequality |
The3-subset meet-in-the-middle(hereafter shortenedMITM)attackis a variant of the genericmeet-in-the-middle attack, which is used incryptologyforhashandblock ciphercryptanalysis. The 3-subset variant opens up the possibility to apply MITM attacks on ciphers, where it is not trivial to divide the keybits into two indepen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3-subset_meet-in-the-middle_attack |
Apriori[1]is analgorithmfor frequent item set mining andassociation rule learningoverrelational databases. It proceeds by identifying the frequent individual items in the database and extending them to larger and larger item sets as long as those item sets appear sufficiently often in the database. The frequent item se... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apriori_algorithm |
Computational creativity(also known asartificial creativity,mechanical creativity,creative computingorcreative computation) is a multidisciplinary endeavour that is located at the intersection of the fields ofartificial intelligence,cognitive psychology,philosophy, andthe arts(e.g.,computational artas part ofcomputatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_creativity |
Fritz Thiele(14 April 1894 – 4 September 1944) was a member of theGerman resistancewho also served as the communications chief of theGerman ArmyduringWorld War II.[1]
Thiele was born inBerlinand joined the Imperial Army in 1914. Working closely with Chief of Army communicationsGeneral der NachrichtentruppeErich Fellgi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Thiele |
Google Authenticatoris a software-basedauthenticatorbyGoogle. It implementsmulti-factor authenticationservices using thetime-based one-time password(TOTP; specified in RFC 6238) andHMAC-based one-time password(HOTP; specified in RFC 4226), for authenticating users of software applications.[5]
When logging into a site ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google_Authenticator |
Incomputing,Intel'sAdvanced Programmable Interrupt Controller(APIC) is a family ofprogrammable interrupt controllers. As its name suggests, the APIC is more advanced than Intel's8259Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC), particularly enabling the construction ofmultiprocessorsystems. It is one of several architectura... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advanced_Programmable_Interrupt_Controller |
Aduty to warnis a concept that arises in thelawoftortsin a number of circumstances, indicating that apartywill be held liable for injuries caused to another, where the party had the opportunity to warn the other of a hazard and failed to do so.
In the United States, two landmark legal cases established therapists' leg... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duty_to_warn |
TheInfrastructure Investment and Jobs Act(IIJA), also known as theBipartisan Infrastructure Law(BIL), (H.R. 3684) is aUnited States federal statuteenacted by the117th United States Congressand signed into law by PresidentJoe Bidenon November 15, 2021. It was introduced in the House as theINVEST in America Actand nickna... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infrastructure_Investment_and_Jobs_Act#Overview |
Incomputer graphics,tessellationis the dividing of datasets ofpolygons(sometimes calledvertex sets) presenting objects in a scene into suitable structures forrendering. Especially forreal-time rendering, data istessellated into triangles, for example inOpenGL 4.0andDirect3D 11.[1][2]
A key advantage of tessellation fo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tessellation_(computer_graphics) |
Theforward–backward algorithmis aninferencealgorithmforhidden Markov modelswhich computes theposteriormarginalsof all hidden state variables given a sequence of observations/emissionso1:T:=o1,…,oT{\displaystyle o_{1:T}:=o_{1},\dots ,o_{T}}, i.e. it computes, for all hidden state variablesXt∈{X1,…,XT}{\displaystyle X_{t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forward-backward_algorithm |
Anintermodal container, often called ashipping container, or afreight container, (or simply "container") is a large metal crate designed and built forintermodal freight transport, meaning these containers can be used across differentmodes of transport– such as fromshipstotrainstotrucks– without unloading and reloading ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermodal_container |
InDOS memory management,extended memoryrefers tomemoryabove the firstmegabyte(220bytes) ofaddress spacein anIBM PCor compatible with an80286or laterprocessor. The term is mainly used under theDOSandWindowsoperating systems. DOS programs, running inreal modeorvirtual x86 mode, cannot directly access this memory, but are... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extended_memory |
Afree-netwas originally acomputer systemor network that provided public access to digital resources and community information, including personal communications, throughmodemdialup via thepublic switched telephone network. The concept originated in the health sciences to provide online help for medical patients.[1][2]W... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-net |
Thelook-elsewhere effectis aphenomenonin the statistical analysis ofscientific experimentswhere an apparentlystatistically significantobservation may have actually arisen by chance because of the sheer size of theparameter spaceto be searched.[1][2][3][4][5]
Once the possibility of look-elsewhere error in an analysis ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Look-elsewhere_effect |
Formal equivalence checkingprocess is a part ofelectronic design automation(EDA), commonly used during the development ofdigitalintegrated circuits, to formallyprovethat two representations of acircuit designexhibit exactly the same behavior.
In general, there is a wide range of possible definitions of functional equi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal_equivalence_checking |
Java Management Extensions(JMX) is aJavatechnology that supplies tools for managing and monitoringapplications, system objects, devices (such asprinters) and service-oriented networks. Those resources are represented by objects called MBeans (forManaged Bean). In the API,classescan be dynamically loaded and instantiate... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java_Management_Extensions |
Incomputer networking, awireless access point(WAP) (also justaccess point(AP)) is anetworking hardwaredevice that allows other Wi-Fi devices to connect to a wired network or wireless network. As a standalone device, the AP may have a wired or wireless connection to aswitchorrouter, but in awireless routerit can also be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wireless_Access_Point |
Adocument-term matrixis a mathematicalmatrixthat describes the frequency of terms that occur in each document in a collection. In a document-term matrix, rows correspond to documents in the collection and columns correspond to terms. This matrix is a specific instance of adocument-feature matrixwhere "features" may ref... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Term-document_matrix |
Inmathematics, anatural numberais aunitary divisor(orHall divisor) of a numberbifais adivisorofband ifaandba{\displaystyle {\frac {b}{a}}}arecoprime, having no common factor other than 1. Equivalently, a divisoraofbis a unitary divisorif and only ifeveryprimefactor ofahas the samemultiplicityinaas it has inb.
The conc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary_divisor |
The following tables compare general and technical information for a number ofonline analytical processing(OLAP) servers. Please see the individual products articles for further information.
APIs and query languages OLAP servers support.
A list of OLAP features that are not supported by all vendors. All vendors suppo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_OLAP_servers |
Agraceful exit[1](orgraceful handling) is a simpleprogramming idiom[citation needed]wherein aprogramdetects a seriouserrorcondition and "exits gracefully" in a controlled manner as a result. Often the program prints a descriptiveerror messageto aterminalorlogas part of the graceful exit.
Usually, code for a graceful e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graceful_exit |
Aprivacy policyis a statement or legal document (in privacy law) that discloses some or all of the ways a party gathers, uses, discloses, and manages a customer or client's data.[1]Personal information can be anything that can be used to identify an individual, not limited to the person's name, address, date of birth, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy |
Incombinatorics, thetwelvefold wayis a systematic classification of 12 related enumerative problems concerning two finite sets, which include the classical problems ofcountingpermutations,combinations,multisets, and partitions eitherof a setorof a number. The idea of the classification is credited toGian-Carlo Rota, an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twelvefold_way |
Biomedical text mining(includingbiomedical natural language processingorBioNLP) refers to the methods and study of howtext miningmay be applied to texts and literature of thebiomedicaldomain. As a field of research, biomedical text mining incorporates ideas fromnatural language processing,bioinformatics,medical informa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedical_text_mining |
"Flash Crowd" is a1973English-languagenovellabyscience fiction authorLarry Niven,[1]one of a series about the social consequence of inventing an instant, practically freedisplacement booth.[2]
One consequence not foreseen by the builders of the system was that with the almost immediate reporting of newsworthy events, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flash_Crowd |
Social marketing intelligenceis the method of extrapolating valuable information fromsocial networkinteractions anddataflows that can enable companies tolaunch new productsand services into the market at greater speed and lower cost. This is an area of research however, companies using social marketing intelligence hav... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_marketing_intelligence#Alpha_users |
Adocument type definition(DTD) is a specification file that contains a set ofmarkup declarationsthat define adocument typefor anSGML-familymarkup language(GML,SGML,XML,HTML). The DTD specification file can be used to validate documents.
A DTD defines the valid building blocks of an XML document. It defines the documen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Document_type_definition |
The termboundary tonerefers to a rise or fall in pitch that occurs in speech at the end of a sentence or other utterance, or, if a sentence is divided into two or moreintonational phrases, at the end of each intonational phrase. It can also refer to a low or high intonational tone at the beginning of an utterance or in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_tone_(linguistics) |
Thehysteron proteron(from theGreek:ὕστερον πρότερον,hýsteron próteron, "later earlier") is arhetoricaldevice. It occurs when the first key word of the idea refers to something that happens temporally later than the second key word. The goal is to call attention to the more important idea by placing it first.[1]
The st... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hysteron_proteron |
Deadlochis an Australianblack comedycrimemysterytelevision series that premiered onAmazon Prime Videoon 2 June 2023. Created byKate McCartneyandKate McLennan, the series is set in Deadloch, a fictional town inTasmania, and starsKate Box,Madeleine Sami,Alicia Gardiner, andNina Oyama.Deadlochwas produced byAmazon Studios... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deadloch |
TheHilbert–Huang transform(HHT) is a way to decompose asignalinto so-called intrinsic mode functions (IMF) along with a trend, and obtaininstantaneous frequencydata. It is designed to work well for data that isnonstationaryandnonlinear.
The Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT), aNASAdesignated name,[1]was proposed byNorden ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Empirical_mode_decomposition |
Ingeometry, anincidencerelationis aheterogeneous relationthat captures the idea being expressed when phrases such as "a pointlies ona line" or "a line iscontained ina plane" are used. The most basic incidence relation is that between a point,P, and a line,l, sometimes denotedPIl. IfPandlare incident,PIl, the pair(P,l)i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incidence_(geometry) |
Aneural networkis a group of interconnected units calledneuronsthat send signals to one another. Neurons can be eitherbiological cellsormathematical models. While individual neurons are simple, many of them together in a network can perform complex tasks. There are two main types of neural networks.
In the context of ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neural_network |
Acantis thejargonor language of a group, often employed to exclude or mislead people outside the group.[1]It may also be called acryptolect,argot,pseudo-language,anti-languageorsecret language. Each term differs slightly in meaning; their uses are inconsistent.
There are two main schools of thought on the origin of th... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argot |
High Speed Packet Access(HSPA)[1]is an amalgamation of twomobileprotocols—High Speed Downlink Packet Access (HSDPA) and High Speed Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA)—that extends and improves the performance of existing3Gmobile telecommunication networks using theWCDMAprotocols. A further-improved3GPPstandard calledEvolved H... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High_Speed_Packet_Access |
IEEE 802.11n-2009, or802.11n, is a wireless-networking standard that uses multiple antennas to increase data rates. TheWi-Fi Alliancehas also retroactively labelled the technology for the standard asWi-Fi 4.[4][5]It standardized support formultiple-input multiple-output(MIMO),frame aggregation, and security improvement... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IEEE_802.11n-2009#Data_rates |
In the theory ofcluster analysis, thenearest-neighbor chain algorithmis analgorithmthat can speed up several methods foragglomerative hierarchical clustering. These are methods that take a collection of points as input, and create a hierarchy of clusters of points by repeatedly merging pairs of smaller clusters to form... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nearest-neighbor_chain_algorithm |
Inset theoryand related branches ofmathematics, afamily(orcollection) can mean, depending upon the context, any of the following:set,indexed set,multiset, orclass. A collectionF{\displaystyle F}ofsubsetsof a givensetS{\displaystyle S}is called afamily of subsetsofS{\displaystyle S}, or afamily of setsoverS.{\displayst... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family_of_sets |
Thegrandmother cell, sometimes called the "Jennifer Anistonneuron", is a hypotheticalneuronthat represents a complex but specific concept or object.[1]It activates when a person "sees, hears, or otherwise sensibly discriminates"[2]a specific entity, such as their grandmother. It contrasts with the concept ofensemble co... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grandmother_cell |
Inmathematics, asingularityis a point at which a given mathematical object is not defined, or a point where the mathematical object ceases to bewell-behavedin some particular way, such as by lackingdifferentiabilityoranalyticity.[1][2][3]
For example, thereciprocal functionf(x)=1/x{\displaystyle f(x)=1/x}has a singula... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_singularity |
Where a device needs ausernameand/orpasswordto log in, adefault passwordis usually provided to access the device during its initial setup, or after resetting tofactory defaults.
Manufacturers of such equipment typically use a simple password, such asadminorpasswordon all equipment they ship, expecting users to change ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Default_Credential_vulnerability |
Inmathematics, anopen setis ageneralizationof anopen intervalin thereal line.
In ametric space(asetwith adistancedefined between every two points), an open set is a set that, with every pointPin it, contains all points of the metric space that are sufficiently near toP(that is, all points whose distance toPis less tha... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_set |
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