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Ifinatamab deruxtecan ( DS-7300 ) is an experimental anti-cancer treatment developed by Merck and Daiichi Sankyo . It is an antibody–drug conjugate that "consists of an anti- B7-H3 antibody linked with a DNA topoisomerase I inhibiting anti-tumor agent". [ 1 ] [ 2 ] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ifinatamab_deruxtecan |
In geology , igneous differentiation , or magmatic differentiation , is an umbrella term for the various processes by which magmas undergo bulk chemical change during the partial melting process, cooling, emplacement , or eruption . The sequence of (usually increasingly silicic) magmas produced by igneous differentiati... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igneous_differentiation |
Ignorance management is a knowledge management practice that addresses the concept of ignorance in organizations. [ 1 ]
Logically, ignorance management is based upon the concept of ignorance . John Israilidis, Russell Lock, and Louise Cooke of Loughborough University described ignorance management as:
"[...] a proces... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignorance_management |
Malcolm Timothy Gladwell CM (born 3 September 1963) is a Canadian journalist, author, and public speaker. [ 2 ] He has been a staff writer for The New Yorker since 1996. He has published eight books. He is also the host of the podcast Revisionist History and co-founder of the podcast company Pushkin Industries .
Gladw... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igon_value |
Igor Jurisica is a Professor in the departments of Computer Science and Medical Biophysics at the University of Toronto . He is a Tier I Canada Research Chair in Integrative Cancer Informatics, [ 5 ] and an associate editor for BMC Bioinformatics , Proteomes, Cancer Informatics , International Journal of Knowledge Disc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Jurisica |
Igor Rivin (born 1961 in Moscow , USSR ) is a Russian-Canadian mathematician,
working in various fields of pure and applied mathematics, computer science,
and materials science. He was the Regius Professor of Mathematics at the University of St. Andrews from 2015 to 2017, and was the chief research officer at Crypt... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_Rivin |
conformationally restricted and fluorine-containing amino acids and peptides,
Igor Volodymyrovych Komarov ( Ukrainian : Ігор Володимирович Комаров ) is a Ukrainian synthetic organic chemist , specializing in medicinal chemistry and nanotechnology . He is the director of the Institute of High Technologies of Taras Shev... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Igor_V._Komarov |
In mathematics , the Ihara zeta function is a zeta function associated with a finite graph . It closely resembles the Selberg zeta function , and is used to relate closed walks to the spectrum of the adjacency matrix . The Ihara zeta function was first defined by Yasutaka Ihara in the 1960s in the context of discrete s... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ihara_zeta_function |
Ilaria Mazzoleni is an architect and founder of IM Studio Milano/Los Angeles. She is known for her work on sustainable architecture at all scales of design, and on biomimicry or design innovation inspired by nature. She has built work in Italy, California, and Ghana. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Her 2013 book "Architecture Follows Nat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilaria_Mazzoleni |
An illegitimate receiver is an organism that intercepts another organism's signal, despite not being the signaler's intended target. [ 1 ] In animal communication, a signal is any transfer of information from one organism to another, including visual, olfactory (e.g. pheromones), and auditory signals. [ 2 ] If the ille... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegitimate_receiver |
Illegitimate recombination , or nonhomologous recombination , is the process by which two unrelated double stranded segments of DNA are joined. This insertion of genetic material which is not meant to be adjacent tends to lead to genes being broken causing the protein which they encode to not be properly expressed. One... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illegitimate_recombination |
Illinois Public Interest Research Group ( Illinois PIRG ) is a non-profit organization that is part of the state PIRG organizations. It works on a variety of political activities, including childhood obesity , reducing the interest on student loans, and closing tax loopholes. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
In the United States, Public I... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Public_Interest_Research_Group |
The Illinois Soil Nitrogen Test ("ISNT") is a method for measuring the amount of Nitrogen in soil that is available for use by plants as a nutrient. The test predicts whether the addition of nitrogen fertilizer to agricultural land will result in increased crop yields. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
Nitrogen is essential for plant devel... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Soil_Nitrogen_Test |
Illinois Solar Decathlon (ISD) is an interdisciplinary organization based in the Champaign-Urbana, IL and is the official Solar Decathlon team for the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign . [ 1 ] It is also closely affiliated with the Illinois School of Architecture. [ 2 ]
Illinois Solar Decathlon was formed in ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Solar_Decathlon |
The Illinois Structural Health Monitoring Project (ISHMP) is a structural health monitoring project devoted to researching and developing hardware and software systems to be used for distributed real-time monitoring of civil infrastructure . [ 1 ] The project focuses on monitoring bridges , and aims to reduce the cost ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illinois_Structural_Health_Monitoring_Project |
In photometry , illuminance is the total luminous flux incident on a surface, per unit area . [ 1 ] It is a measure of how much the incident light illuminates the surface, wavelength-weighted by the luminosity function to correlate with human brightness perception. [ 2 ] Similarly, luminous emittance is the luminous fl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illuminance |
Illumination problems are a class of mathematical problems that study the illumination of rooms with mirrored walls by point light sources .
The original formulation was attributed to Ernst Straus in the 1950s and has been resolved. Straus asked whether a room with mirrored walls can always be illuminated by a single ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illumination_problem |
Illuminationism ( Persian حكمت اشراق hekmat-e eshrāq , Arabic : حكمة الإشراق ḥikmat al-ishrāq , both meaning "Wisdom of the Rising Light"), also known as Ishrāqiyyun or simply Ishrāqi ( Persian اشراق, Arabic : الإشراق, lit. "Rising", as in "Shining of the Rising Sun") is a philosophical and mystical school of thought i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illuminationism |
Illusion of validity is a cognitive bias in which a person overestimates their ability to interpret and predict accurately the outcome when analyzing a set of data , in particular when the data analyzed show a very consistent pattern—that is, when the data "tell" a coherent story. [ 1 ] [ 2 ]
This effect persists even... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illusion_of_validity |
Illusion optics is an electromagnetic theory that can change the optical appearance of an object to be exactly like that of another virtual object, i.e. an illusion , such as turning the look of an apple into that of a banana. Invisibility is a special case of illusion optics, which turns objects into illusions of free... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illusion_optics |
Illustra was a commercialized version of the Postgres object-relational database management system ( DBMS ) sold by Illustra Information Technologies, a company founded in 1992 and formed by Michael Stonebraker , Gary Morgenthaler and several of Michael Stonebraker's current and former students including: Wei Hong, Jef... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illustra |
An illustration is a decoration, interpretation, or visual explanation of a text, concept, or process, [ 1 ] designed for integration in print and digitally published media, such as posters , flyers , magazines, books, teaching materials, animations , video games and films . An illustration is typically created by an i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illustration |
There is a strong scientific consensus that greenhouse effect due to carbon dioxide is a main driver of climate change . Following is an illustrative model meant for a pedagogical purpose, showing the main physical determinants of the effect.
Under this understanding, global warming is determined by a simple energy bu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illustrative_model_of_greenhouse_effect_on_climate_change |
The Illustris project is an ongoing series of astrophysical simulations run by an international collaboration of scientists. [ 1 ] The aim is to study the processes of galaxy formation and evolution in the universe with a comprehensive physical model. Early results were described in a number of publications [ 2 ] [ 3 ]... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illustris_project |
Ilya Iosifovich Moiseev ( Russian : Илья Иосифович Моисеев ; 15 March 1929 – 10 October 2020) [ 2 ] [ 3 ] was a Soviet and Russian chemist. An expert in both kinetics and the coordination chemistry of transition metals, he made significant advances in metal-complex catalysis. [ 1 ]
Moiseev was born in Moscow . He stud... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Moiseev |
Viscount Ilya Romanovich Prigogine ( / p r ɪ ˈ ɡ oʊ ʒ iː n / ; Russian : Илья́ Рома́нович Приго́жин ; 25 January [ O.S. 12 January] 1917 – 28 May 2003) was a Belgian physical chemist of Russian-Jewish origin, noted for his work on dissipative structures , complex systems , and irreversibility . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya_Prigogine |
In scientific visualization , image-based flow visualization (or visualisation ) is a computer modelling technique developed by Jarke van Wijk [ 1 ] to visualize two dimensional flows of liquids such as water and air, like the wind movement of a tornado . Compared with integration techniques it has the advantage of pro... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image-based_flow_visualization |
In mathematics , for a function f : X → Y {\displaystyle f:X\to Y} , the image of an input value x {\displaystyle x} is the single output value produced by f {\displaystyle f} when passed x {\displaystyle x} . The preimage of an output value y {\displaystyle y} is the set of input values that produce y {\displaystyle y... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_(mathematics) |
Image Share is a service for sharing images between users during a mobile phone call. It has been specified for use in a 3GPP -compliant cellular network by the GSM Association in the PRD IR.79 Image Share Interoperability Specification. [1]
According to the specification, "The terminal interoperable Image Share servi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_Share |
In 3D computer graphics , the image plane is that plane in the world which is identified with the plane of the display monitor used to view the image that is being rendered. It is also referred to as screen space . If one makes the analogy of taking a photograph to rendering a 3D image, the surface of the film is the i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_plane |
Image rectification is a transformation process used to project images onto a common image plane. This process has several degrees of freedom and there are many strategies for transforming images to the common plane. Image rectification is used in computer stereo vision to simplify the problem of finding matching point... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_rectification |
Image response (or more correctly, image response rejection ratio , or IMRR ) is a measure of performance of a radio receiver that operates on the superheterodyne principle. [ 1 ]
In such a radio receiver, a local oscillator (LO) is used to heterodyne or "beat" against the incoming radio frequency (RF), generating sum... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image_response |
In model theory , a branch of mathematics , an imaginary element of a structure is roughly a definable equivalence class . These were introduced by Shelah (1990) , and elimination of imaginaries was introduced by Poizat (1983) . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginary_element |
Imaginary time is a mathematical representation of time that appears in some approaches to special relativity and quantum mechanics . It finds uses in certain cosmological theories.
Mathematically, imaginary time is real time which has undergone a Wick rotation so that its coordinates are multiplied by the imaginary u... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginary_time |
The imaginary unit or unit imaginary number ( i ) is a mathematical constant that is a solution to the quadratic equation x 2 + 1 = 0. Although there is no real number with this property, i can be used to extend the real numbers to what are called complex numbers , using addition and multiplication . A simple example o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaginary_unit |
Imagine Cup is an annual competition sponsored and hosted by Microsoft Corp. which brings together student developers worldwide to help resolve some of the world's toughest challenges. [ 1 ] It is considered as "Olympics of Technology" by computer science and engineering and is considered one of the top competitions an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagine_Cup |
The Imagineering Foundation is a British charity organisation that encourages schoolchildren aged 8–16 to engage with engineering.
It was formed in 1999 by a group of Midlands engineers who were concerned about a perceived lowering of interest in engineering activities by schoolchildren, leading to a skills shortage i... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imagineering_Foundation |
An imaging biomarker is a biologic feature, or biomarker detectable in an image. [ 1 ] In medicine, an imaging biomarker is a feature of an image relevant to a patient's diagnosis. For example, a number of biomarkers are frequently used to determine risk of lung cancer . First, a simple lesion in the lung detected by X... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaging_biomarker |
An imaging cycler microscope (ICM) is a fully automated (epi) fluorescence microscope which overcomes the spectral resolution limit resulting in parameter- and dimension-unlimited fluorescence imaging. The principle and robotic device was described by Walter Schubert in 1997 [ 1 ] and has been further developed with hi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaging_cycler_microscopy |
Imaging genetics refers to the use of anatomical or physiological imaging technologies as phenotypic assays to evaluate genetic variation. Scientists that first used the term imaging genetics were interested in how genes influence psychopathology and used functional neuroimaging to investigate genes that are expressed ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaging_genetics |
Imaging informatics , also known as radiology informatics or medical imaging informatics , is a subspecialty of biomedical informatics that aims to improve the efficiency, accuracy, usability and reliability of medical imaging services within the healthcare enterprise. [ 1 ] It is devoted to the study of how informatio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaging_informatics |
Imaging particle analysis is a technique for making particle measurements using digital imaging , one of the techniques defined by the broader term particle size analysis . The measurements that can be made include particle size , particle shape (morphology or shape analysis and grayscale or color , as well as distribu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaging_particle_analysis |
An imaging spectrometer is an instrument used in hyperspectral imaging and imaging spectroscopy to acquire a spectrally-resolved image of an object or scene, usually to support analysis of the composition the object being imaged. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The spectral data produced for a pixel is often referred to as a datacube due ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imaging_spectroscopy |
Imbibition is a special type of diffusion that takes place when liquid is absorbed by solids- colloids causing an increase in volume. Water surface potential movement takes place along a concentration gradient; some dry materials absorb water. A gradient between the absorbent and the liquid is essential for imbibition.... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imbibition |
The Imd pathway is a broadly-conserved NF-κB immune signalling pathway of insects and some arthropods [ 1 ] that regulates a potent antibacterial defence response. The pathway is named after the discovery of a mutation causing severe immune deficiency (the gene was named "Imd" for "immune deficiency"). The Imd pathway ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imd_pathway |
Imidapril , sold under the brand name Tanatril among others, is an ACE inhibitor used as an antihypertensive drug and for the treatment of chronic heart failure . [ 1 ]
It was patented in 1982 and approved for medical use in 1993. [ 2 ]
Contraindications are hypersensitivity against ACE inhibitors, especially if it h... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imidapril |
Imidazole-1-sulfonyl azide is an organic azide compound that can be used as an alternative organic synthesis reagent to trifluoromethanesulfonyl azide . It is an explosive colorless liquid, but some of its organic-soluble salts can be safely handled and stored as a solid.
The hydrochloride salt of this compound is als... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imidazole-1-sulfonyl_azide |
Imidazole-4-acetaldehyde is a metabolite of histamine in biological species .
The process of histamine inactivation in biological species involves its metabolism through the oxidative deamination of its primary amino group . This reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme diamine oxidase (DAO). The metabolite produced from t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imidazole-4-acetaldehyde |
Imidazoline is a heterocycle formally derived from imidazole by the reduction of one of the two double bonds. Three isomers are known, 2-imidazolines, 3-imidazolines, and 4-imidazolines. The 2- and 3-imidazolines contain an imine center, whereas the 4-imidazolines contain an alkene group. The 2-Imidazoline group occurs... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imidazoline |
In organic chemistry , an imide is a functional group consisting of two acyl groups bound to nitrogen . [ 1 ] The compounds are structurally related to acid anhydrides , although imides are more resistant to hydrolysis. In terms of commercial applications, imides are best known as components of high-strength polymers, ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imide |
In organic chemistry , imidic acids are organic compounds with the structure RC(−OH)=NR' . [ 1 ] They are tautomeric to non- tertiary amides ( RC(=O)−NHR' ) and isomeric to oximes ( RR'C=N−OH ).
The term " imino acid " is an obsolete term for this group that should not be used in this context because it has a differen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imidic_acid |
In chemistry imidines are a rare functional group , being the nitrogen analogues of anhydrides and imides . They were first reported by Adolf Pinner in 1883, [ 1 ] but did not see significant investigation until the 1950s, when Patrick Linstead and John Arthur Elvidge developed a number of compounds. [ 2 ] [ 3 ]
Imidi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imidine |
Azanylene Azanylidene Imidogen Nitrene
Imidogen is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NH. [ 2 ] Like other simple radicals , it is highly reactive and consequently short-lived except as a dilute gas. Its behavior depends on its spin multiplicity .
Imidogen can be generated by electrical discharge in an a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imidogen |
Imidoyl chlorides are organic compounds that contain the functional group RC(NR')Cl. A double bond exist between the R'N and the carbon centre. These compounds are analogues of acyl chloride . Imidoyl chlorides tend to be highly reactive and are more commonly found as intermediates in a wide variety of synthetic proc... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imidoyl_chloride |
In organic chemistry , an imine ( / ɪ ˈ m iː n / or / ˈ ɪ m ɪ n / ) is a functional group or organic compound containing a carbon – nitrogen double bond ( C=N ). The nitrogen atom can be attached to a hydrogen or an organic group (R). The carbon atom has two additional single bonds . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Imines are common in sy... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imine |
The aza-Diels–Alder reaction is a modification of the Diels–Alder reaction wherein a nitrogen replaces sp 2 carbon. [ 1 ] The nitrogen atom can be part of the diene or the dienophile .
The aza Diels-Alder reaction may occur either by a concerted or stepwise process. The lowest-energy transition state for the concerted... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imine_Diels–Alder_reaction |
In organic chemistry , an iminium cation is a polyatomic ion with the general structure [R 1 R 2 C=NR 3 R 4 ] + . [ 1 ] They are common in synthetic chemistry and biology.
Iminium cations adopt alkene -like geometries: the central C=N unit is nearly coplanar with all four substituents. Unsymmetrical iminium cations ca... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iminium |
Imipenem (trade name Primaxin among others) is a synthetic β-lactam antibiotic belonging to the carbapenems chemical class. developed by Merck scientists Burton Christensen, William Leanza, and Kenneth Wildonger in the mid-1970s. [ 1 ] Carbapenems are highly resistant to the β-lactamase enzymes produced by many multipl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imipenem |
ISWI ( I mitation SWI tch) is one of the five major DNA chromatin remodeling complex types, or subfamilies, found in most eukaryotic organisms. [ 1 ] ISWI remodeling complexes place nucleosomes along segments of DNA at regular intervals. The placement of nucleosomes by ISWI protein complexes typically results in the si... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imitation_SWI |
In mathematics, the immanant of a matrix was defined by Dudley E. Littlewood and Archibald Read Richardson as a generalisation of the concepts of determinant and permanent .
Let λ = ( λ 1 , λ 2 , … ) {\displaystyle \lambda =(\lambda _{1},\lambda _{2},\ldots )} be a partition of an integer n {\displaystyle n} and let χ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanant |
An immature ovum is a cell that goes through the process of oogenesis to become an ovum . It can be an oogonium , an oocyte , or an ootid . An oocyte, in turn, can be either primary or secondary, depending on how far it has come in its process of meiosis .
Oogonia are the cells that turn into primary oocytes in oogene... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immature_ovum |
The term immediately dangerous to life or health ( IDLH ) is defined by the US National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) as exposure to airborne contaminants that is "likely to cause death or immediate or delayed permanent adverse health effects or prevent escape from such an environment." Examples... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immediately_dangerous_to_life_or_health |
In computational complexity theory , the Immerman–Szelepcsényi theorem states that nondeterministic space complexity classes are closed under complementation. It was proven independently by Neil Immerman and Róbert Szelepcsényi in 1987, for which they shared the 1995 Gödel Prize . In its general form the theorem states... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immerman–Szelepcsényi_theorem |
In virtual reality (VR), immersion is the perception of being physically present in a non-physical world. The perception is created by surrounding the user of the VR system in images, sound or other stimuli that provide an engrossing total environment.
The name is a metaphoric use of the experience of submersion appli... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immersion_(virtual_reality) |
Immersion chillers work by circulating a cooling fluid (usually tap water from a garden hose or faucet) through a copper/stainless steel coil that is placed directly in the hot wort . As the cooling fluid runs through the coil it absorbs and carries away heat until the wort has cooled to the desired temperature.
The ad... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immersion_chiller |
Immersion zinc plating is an electroless (non- electrolytic ) coating process that deposits a thin layer of zinc on a less electronegative metal, by immersion in a solution containing a zinc or zincate ions, Zn(OH) 2− 4 . A typical use is plating aluminum with zinc prior to electrolytic or electroless nickel plating .... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immersion_zinc_plating |
Immersive design (Experimental Design) describes design work which ranges in levels of interaction and leads users to be fully absorbed in an experience. This form of design involves the use of virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and mixed reality (MR) that creates the illusion that the user is physically int... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immersive_design |
Immittance is a term used within electrical engineering and acoustics , specifically bioacoustics and the inner ear , to describe the combined measure of electrical or acoustic admittance and electrical or acoustic impedance . Immittance was initially coined by H. W. Bode in 1945, and was first used to describe the ele... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immittance |
Immobilized cell technology is a method of air filtration and purification that uses whole cell immobilization . [ 1 ] It is a process whereby microfine particulate matter is removed from the air by attracting charged particulates in the air to a bio-reactive mass, or bioreactor , which enzymatically renders them inert... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immobilized_Cell_Technology |
An immobilized enzyme is an enzyme , with restricted mobility, attached to an inert, insoluble material—such as calcium alginate (produced by reacting a mixture of sodium alginate solution and enzyme solution with calcium chloride ). This can provide increased resistance to changes in conditions such as pH or temperatu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immobilized_enzyme |
The immobilized whole cell system is an alternative to enzyme immobilization . Unlike enzyme immobilization, where the enzyme is attached to a solid support (such as calcium alginate or activated PVA or activated PEI), in immobilized whole cell systems, the target cell is immobilized. Such methods may be implemented wh... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immobilized_whole_cell |
The immortal DNA strand hypothesis posits that adult stem cells replicate their DNA asymmetrically to minimize mutations in their genomes . [ 1 ] It was proposed in 1975 by John Cairns as a mechanism that would benefit organisms by reducing cancer incidence. For decades, evidence for the hypothesis was sparse, contradi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immortal_DNA_strand_hypothesis |
An immortalised cell line is a population of cells from a multicellular organism that would normally not proliferate indefinitely but, due to mutation , have evaded normal cellular senescence and instead can keep undergoing division. The cells can therefore be grown for prolonged periods in vitro . The mutations requir... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immortalised_cell_line |
The immune-related response criteria (irRC) is a set of published rules that define when tumors in cancer patients improve ("respond"), stay the same ("stabilize"), or worsen ("progress") during treatment, where the compound being evaluated is an immuno-oncology drug. Immuno-oncology, part of the broader field of cance... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune-related_response_criteria |
Immune Therapy Holdings AB or ITH is a Swedish biotechnology R&D holding company headquartered at the Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital in Stockholm .
ITH's research is primarily focused on its Tailored Leukapheresis (TLA) treatment for immune mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs). [ 1 ]
Tail... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_Therapy_Holdings |
Immune adherence was described by Nelson (1953) [ 1 ] for an in vitro immunological reaction between normal erythrocytes and a wide variety of microorganisms sensitized with their individually specific antibody and complement ; erythrocytes were observed to adhere to microorganisms. [ 1 ] It was later recognized to occ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_adherence |
An immune complex , sometimes called an antigen-antibody complex or antigen-bound antibody , is a molecule formed from the binding of multiple antigens to antibodies . [ 1 ] The bound antigen and antibody act as a unitary object, effectively an antigen of its own with a specific epitope . After an antigen-antibody reac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_complex |
Immune dysregulation is any proposed or confirmed breakdown or maladaptive change in molecular control of immune system processes. For example, dysregulation is a component in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases and some cancers . Immune system dysfunction, as seen in IPEX syndrome leads to immune dysfunction, poly... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_dysregulation |
Certain sites of the mammalian body have immune privilege (no immune response), meaning they are able to tolerate the introduction of antigens without eliciting an inflammatory immune response. Tissue grafts are normally recognised as foreign antigens by the body and attacked by the immune system . However, in immune p... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_privilege |
The immune repertoire encompasses the different sub-types an organism's immune system makes of immunoglobulins or T-cell receptors . These help recognise pathogens in most vertebrates . The sub-types, all differing slightly from each other, can amount to tens of thousands, or millions in a given organism. Such a wide v... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_repertoire |
An immune response is a physiological reaction which occurs within an organism in the context of inflammation for the purpose of defending against exogenous factors. These include a wide variety of different toxins , viruses , intra- and extracellular bacteria , protozoa , helminths , and fungi which could cause seriou... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_response |
Immune tolerance , also known as immunological tolerance or immunotolerance , refers to the immune system 's state of unresponsiveness to substances or tissues that would otherwise trigger an immune response . It arises from prior exposure to a specific antigen [ 1 ] [ 2 ] and contrasts the immune system's conventional... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_tolerance |
Immune tolerance in pregnancy or maternal immune tolerance is the immune tolerance shown towards the fetus and placenta during pregnancy . This tolerance counters the immune response that would normally result in the rejection of something foreign in the body, as can happen in cases of spontaneous abortion . [ 1 ] [ 2 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immune_tolerance_in_pregnancy |
In biology , immunity is the state of being insusceptible or resistant to a noxious agent or process, especially a pathogen or infectious disease . Immunity may occur naturally or be produced by prior exposure or immunization .
The immune system has innate and adaptive components. Innate immunity is present in all met... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity_(medicine) |
An immunity passport , [ 1 ] immunity certificate , [ 2 ] health pass or release certificate [ 3 ] (among other names used by various local authorities) is a document, whether in paper or digital format , attesting that its bearer has a degree of immunity to a contagious disease . [ 4 ] Public certification is an actio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunity_passport |
Immunization , or immunisation , is the process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an infectious agent (known as the immunogen ). When this system is exposed to molecules that are foreign to the body, called non-self , it will orchestrate an immune response, and it will also develop the ab... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunization |
Immunization during pregnancy is the administration of a vaccine to a pregnant individual. [ 1 ] This may be done either to protect the individual from disease or to induce an antibody response, such that the antibodies cross the placenta and provide passive immunity to the infant after birth. In many countries, includ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunization_during_pregnancy |
An immunization registry or immunization information system ( IIS ) is an information system that collects vaccination data about all persons within a geographic area. It consolidates the immunization records from multiple sources for each person living in its jurisdiction.
Immunization information systems (IIS) are a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunization_registry |
Immuno-psychiatry, according to Pariante, is a discipline that studies the connection between the brain and the immune system. It differs from psychoneuroimmunology by postulating that behaviors and emotions are governed by peripheral immune mechanisms. Depression , for instance, is seen as malfunctioning of the immune... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immuno-psychiatry |
ImmunoGen, Inc. was a biotechnology company focused on the development of antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) therapeutics for the treatment of cancer. ImmunoGen was founded in 1981 and was headquartered in Waltham, Massachusetts . [ 2 ]
An ImmunoGen ADC contains a manufactured antibody that binds to a target found on cance... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ImmunoGen |
Immunoadsorption is a procedure that removes specific blood group antibodies from the blood. [ 1 ] It is needed to remove the antibodies against pathogenic antibodies . [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
The procedure generally takes about three to four hours. [ 5 ]
Immunoadsorption was developed in the 1990s as a method of extracorp... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoadsorption |
An immunoassay ( IA ) is a biochemical test that measures the presence or concentration of a macromolecule or a small molecule in a solution through the use of an antibody (usually) or an antigen (sometimes). The molecule detected by the immunoassay is often referred to as an " analyte " and is in many cases a protein ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoassay |
Immunocapitalism describes the ways in which disease outbreaks and the acquisition of immunity are leveraged for economic and political gain. The concept highlights the intersection of health, capitalism , and power , demonstrating how social and economic inequalities are exacerbated by epidemics. In some cases, indiv... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunocapitalism |
Immunochemistry is the study of the chemistry of the immune system . [ 1 ] This involves the study of the properties, functions, interactions and production of the chemical components of the immune system. It also include immune responses and determination of immune materials/products by immunochemical assays.
In ad... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunochemistry |
In immunology , immunocompetence is the ability of the body to produce a normal immune response following exposure to an antigen . Immunocompetence is the opposite of immunodeficiency (also known as immuno-incompetence or being immuno-compromised ).
In reference to lymphocytes , immunocompetence means that a B cell or... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunocompetence |
Immunoconjugates are antibodies conjugated (joined) to a second molecule, usually a toxin , radioisotope or label . [ 1 ]
These conjugates are used in immunotherapy [ citation needed ] and to develop monoclonal antibody therapy as a targeted form of chemotherapy [ 2 ] when they are often known as antibody-drug conjuga... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunoconjugate |
Immunocytochemistry ( ICC ) is a common laboratory technique that is used to anatomically visualize the localization of a specific protein or antigen in cells by use of a specific primary antibody that binds to it. The primary antibody allows visualization of the protein under a fluorescence microscope when it is bound... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunocytochemistry |
Immunodermatology studies skin as an organ of immunity in health and disease. Several areas have special attention, such as photo-immunology (effects of UV light on skin defense), inflammatory diseases such as Hidradenitis suppurativa , allergic contact dermatitis and atopic eczema , presumably autoimmune skin diseases... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunodermatology |
Immunodiffusion is a laboratory technique used to detect and quantify antigens and antibodies by observing their interactions within a gel medium. [ 1 ] This technique involves the diffusion of antigens and antibodies through a gel, usually agar , resulting in the formation of a visible precipitate when they interact. ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunodiffusion |
Immunodominance is the immunological phenomenon in which immune responses are mounted against only a few of the antigenic peptides out of the many produced. [ 1 ] That is, despite multiple allelic variations of MHC molecules and multiple peptides presented on antigen presenting cells, the immune response is skewed to o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunodominance |
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