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The Irish Bee Conservation Project is a charitable organisation in Ireland that seeks to conserve all native Irish bee species. It has four "pillars of support" in its work: providing habitats, increasing biodiversity, holding education events and performing research into the decline of bee species. [ 1 ] Species of be... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Bee_Conservation_Project |
The Irish Council for Bioethics ( Irish : Comhairle Bitheitice na hÉireann ) was an independent body established by the Government of Ireland in 2002 to examine and respond to bioethical issues in science and medicine. [ 1 ] It provided independent advice to the government and those making policy, as well as promoting ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Council_for_Bioethics |
The Irish Federation of Astronomical Societies (IFAS) is an umbrella group comprising most of the National and Regional Astronomical Societies on the Island of Ireland.
IFAS was formed in October 1999 to provide an umbrella organisation for mutual benefit and co-operation for almost all Irish astronomical clubs and so... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Federation_of_Astronomical_Societies |
The Irish Steam Preservation Society is a voluntary organisation based in Stradbally, Co Laois whose aim is to preserve and maintain machinery connected to Ireland's industrial and social heritage. The society is responsible for the Irish National Steam Rally. Additionally, it curates the Stradbally Steam Museum and ru... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Steam_Preservation_Society |
The Irish Stem Cell Foundation is Ireland's National Stem Cell Research Organisation. [ 1 ] A Member of the International Consortium of Stem Cell Networks, [ 2 ] the foundation is committed to the pursuit of international cooperation, collaboration and excellence in the stem cell field.
The Irish Stem Cell Foundation ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Stem_Cell_Foundation |
The Irish defective block crisis affects several counties within the Republic of Ireland . To date the counties most severely impacted have been County Donegal and County Mayo , with other counties having fewer affected buildings. An expert committee established in 2016 by the then Minister of Housing and Urban Renewal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_defective_block_crisis |
Irma Goldberg (born 1871) was a Russian-born chemist. She was one of the first female organic chemists to have and sustain a successful career, her work even being quoted in her own name in standard textbooks. [ 1 ]
Born in Moscow to a Russian-Jewish family, she later traveled to Geneva in the 1890s to study chemistry... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irma_Goldberg |
Ferrous oxalate ( iron(II) oxalate ) refers to inorganic compounds with the formula FeC 2 O 4 (H 2 O) x where x is 0 or 2. These are yellow compounds. Characteristic of metal oxalate complexes , these compounds tend to be polymeric , hence their low solubility in water.
Like other iron oxalates, ferrous oxalates featu... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron(II)_oxalate |
Iron(II) oxide or ferrous oxide is the inorganic compound with the formula FeO. Its mineral form is known as wüstite . [ 3 ] [ 4 ] One of several iron oxides , it is a black-colored powder that is sometimes confused with rust , the latter of which consists of hydrated iron(III) oxide (ferric oxide). Iron(II) oxide als... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron(II)_oxide |
Iron(II) selenide refers to a number of inorganic compounds of ferrous iron and selenide (Se 2− ). The phase diagram of the system Fe–Se [ 1 ] reveals the existence of several non-stoichiometric phases between ~49 at. % Se and ~53 at. % Fe, and temperatures up to ~450 °C. The low temperature stable phases are the tetra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron(II)_selenide |
Iron(II) sulfate ( British English : iron(II) sulphate ) or ferrous sulfate denotes a range of salts with the formula Fe SO 4 · x H 2 O. These compounds exist most commonly as the heptahydrate ( x = 7) but several values for x are known. The hydrated form is used medically to treat or prevent iron deficiency , and also... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron(II)_sulfate |
Iron(II) sulfide or ferrous sulfide (Br.E. sulphide ) is one of a family of chemical compounds and minerals with the approximate formula Fe S . Iron sulfides are often iron-deficient non-stoichiometric . All are black, water-insoluble solids.
FeS can be obtained by the heating of iron and sulfur : [ 1 ]
FeS adopts t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron(II)_sulfide |
FeO.Fe 2 O 3
Iron(II,III) oxide , or black iron oxide, is the chemical compound with formula Fe 3 O 4 . It occurs in nature as the mineral magnetite . It is one of a number of iron oxides , the others being iron(II) oxide (FeO), which is rare, and iron(III) oxide (Fe 2 O 3 ) which also occurs naturally as the mineral ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron(II,III)_oxide |
Iron(III) chromate is the iron (III) salt of chromic acid with the chemical formula Fe 2 (CrO 4 ) 3 .
Iron(III) chromate was discovered by Samuel Hibbert-Ware in 1817 while visiting Shetland . [ 2 ]
It may be formed by the salt metathesis reaction of potassium chromate and iron(III) nitrate , which gives potassium ni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron(III)_chromate |
Iron(III) nitrate , or ferric nitrate , is the name used for a series of inorganic compounds with the formula Fe(NO 3 ) 3 . (H 2 O) n . Most common is the nonahydrate Fe(NO 3 ) 3 . (H 2 O) 9 . The hydrates are all pale colored, water-soluble paramagnetic salts.
Iron(III) nitrate is deliquescent , and it is commonly ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron(III)_nitrate |
Iron(III) sulfide , also known as ferric sulfide or sesquisulfide ( Fe 2 S 3 ), is one of the several binary iron sulfides . It is a solid, black powder that degrades at ambient temperature. [ 2 ]
Fe 2 S 3 precipitates from solutions containing its respective ions: [ 2 ]
The resulting solid decays at a temperature ov... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron(III)_sulfide |
Iron-based superconductors ( FeSC ) are iron -containing chemical compounds whose superconducting properties were discovered in 2006. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The first of such superconducting compounds belong to the group of oxypnictides , which was known since 1995. [ 4 ] Until 2006, however, they were in the first stages of expe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron-based_superconductor |
Iron-oxidizing bacteria (or iron bacteria ) are chemotrophic bacteria that derive energy by oxidizing dissolved iron . They are known to grow and proliferate in waters containing iron concentrations as low as 0.1 mg/L. However, at least 0.3 ppm of dissolved oxygen is needed to carry out the oxidation. [ 1 ]
When de-ox... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron-oxidizing_bacteria |
Iron fertilization is the intentional introduction of iron -containing compounds (like iron sulfate ) to iron-poor areas of the ocean surface to stimulate phytoplankton production. This is intended to enhance biological productivity and/or accelerate carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) sequestration from the atmosphere. Iron is a t... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_fertilization |
An iron founder (also iron-founder or ironfounder ) in its more general sense is a worker in molten ferrous metal, generally working within an iron foundry . [ 1 ] However, the term 'iron founder' is usually reserved for the owner or manager of an iron foundry, a person also known in Victorian England as a 'master'. Wo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_founder |
The term iron frame describes the structural use of either cast iron or wrought iron in the columns and beams of a building. While popular in the 19th century, the iron frame was displaced by the steel frame in the early 20th century. [ 1 ]
Columns made of cast iron were introduced in the 1770s, the first building wit... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_frame |
Iron is an important biological element. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is used in both the ubiquitous iron-sulfur proteins [ 1 ] and in vertebrates it is used in hemoglobin which is essential for blood and oxygen transport. [ 4 ]
Iron is required for life. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] The iron–sulfur clusters are pervasive and include ni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_in_biology |
In computer architecture , the iron law of processor performance (or simply iron law of performance) describes the performance trade-off between complexity and the number of primitive instructions that processors use to perform calculations. [ 1 ] This formulation of the trade-off spurred the development [ citation nee... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_law_of_processor_performance |
Iron metallurgy in Africa concerns the origin and development of ferrous metallurgy on the African continent . Whereas the development of iron metallurgy in North Africa and the Horn closely mirrors that of the Ancient Near East and Mediterranean region , the three-age system is ill-suited to Sub-Saharan Africa , where... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_metallurgy_in_Africa |
Nanoscale iron particles are sub-micrometer particles of iron metal. [ 1 ] Due to their high catalytic activity , permanent magnetic properties, low toxicity, and strong adsorption capacity, iron-based nanoparticles are widely utilized in drug delivery , production of magnetic tapes (e.g., camcorders and backup tapes o... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_nanoparticle |
Iron oxide adsorption is a water treatment process that is used to remove arsenic from drinking water . Arsenic is a common natural contaminant of well water and is highly carcinogenic . Iron oxide adsorption treatment for arsenic in groundwater is a commonly practiced removal process which involves the chemical treat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_oxide_adsorption |
For chemical reactions , the iron oxide cycle (Fe 3 O 4 /FeO) is the original two-step thermochemical cycle proposed for use for hydrogen production . [ 1 ] It is based on the reduction and subsequent oxidation of iron ions, particularly the reduction and oxidation between Fe 3+ and Fe 2+ . The ferrites , or iron oxide... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_oxide_cycle |
Iron oxide nanoparticles are iron oxide particles with diameters between about 1 and 100 nanometers . The two main forms are composed of magnetite ( Fe 3 O 4 ) and its oxidized form maghemite (γ- Fe 2 O 3 ). They have attracted extensive interest due to their superparamagnetic properties and their potential application... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_oxide_nanoparticle |
The iron peak is a local maximum in the vicinity of Fe ( Cr , Mn , Fe, Co and Ni ) on the graph of the abundances of the chemical elements .
For elements lighter than iron on the periodic table , nuclear fusion releases energy . For iron, and for all of the heavier elements, nuclear fusion consumes energy . Chemical e... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_peak |
Iron phosphide is a chemical compound of iron and phosphorus , with a formula of FeP.< [ 1 ] Its physical appearance is grey needles.
Manufacturing of iron phosphide takes place at elevated temperatures, where the elements combine directly. [ 1 ] Iron phosphide reacts with moisture and acids producing phosphine (PH 3 ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_phosphide |
Iron Pipe Size (IPS or I.P.S.) pipe sizing system based on the inside diameter (ID) of pipe. It was widely used from the early 19th century to the mid 20th century and is still in use by some industries, including major PVC pipe manufacturers, as well as for some legacy drawings and equipment.
The iron pipe size stand... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_pipe_size |
Iron plantations were rural localities emergent in the late-18th century and predominant in the early-19th century that specialized in the production of pig iron and bar iron from crude iron ore . [ 1 ]
Such plantations derive their name from two sources. First, because they were nearly self-sufficient communities des... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_plantation |
Iron stress repressed RNA (IsrR) is a cis-encoded antisense RNA which regulates the expression of the photosynthetic protein isiA. IsiA expression is activated by the Ferric uptake regulator protein (Fur) under iron stress conditions. IsiA enhances photosynthesis by forming a ring around photosystem I which acts as an ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_stress_repressed_RNA |
Iron sulfide or Iron sulphide can refer to range of chemical compounds composed of iron and sulfur .
By increasing order of stability: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_sulfide |
Iron tetraboride (FeB 4 ) is a superhard superconductor ( T c < 3 K ) consisting of iron and boron . Iron tetraboride does not occur in nature and can be created synthetically. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Its molecular structure was predicted using computer models. [ 3 ]
This article about materials science is a stub . You can help ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron_tetraboride |
An ironmaster is the manager, and usually owner, of a forge or blast furnace for the processing of iron. It is a term mainly associated with the period of the Industrial Revolution , especially in Great Britain.
The ironmaster was usually a large-scale entrepreneur and thus an important member of a community. He would... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ironmaster |
Iron–nickel (Fe–Ni) clusters are metal clusters consisting of iron and nickel , i.e. Fe–Ni structures displaying polyhedral frameworks held together by two or more metal–metal bonds per metal atom, where the metal atoms are located at the vertices of closed, triangulated polyhedra. [ 1 ]
Individually, iron (Fe) and ni... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron–nickel_clusters |
Iron–sulfur clusters are molecular ensembles of iron and sulfide . They are most often discussed in the context of the biological role for iron–sulfur proteins , which are pervasive. [ 2 ] Many Fe–S clusters are known in the area of organometallic chemistry and as precursors to synthetic analogues of the biological cl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron–sulfur_cluster |
Iron–sulfur proteins are proteins characterized by the presence of iron–sulfur clusters containing sulfide -linked di-, tri-, and tetrairon centers in variable oxidation states . Iron–sulfur clusters are found in a variety of metalloproteins , such as the ferredoxins , as well as NADH dehydrogenase , hydrogenases , coe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron–sulfur_protein |
The iron–sulfur world hypothesis is a set of proposals for the origin of life and the early evolution of life advanced in a series of articles between 1988 and 1992 by Günter Wächtershäuser , a Munich patent lawyer with a degree in chemistry, who had been encouraged and supported by philosopher Karl R. Popper to publis... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iron–sulfur_world_hypothesis |
In radiometry , irradiance is the radiant flux received by a surface per unit area. The SI unit of irradiance is the watt per square metre (symbol W⋅m −2 or W/m 2 ). The CGS unit erg per square centimetre per second (erg⋅cm −2 ⋅s −1 ) is often used in astronomy . Irradiance is often called intensity , but this term is... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiance |
Irradiation is the process by which an object is exposed to radiation . An irradiator is a device used to expose an object to radiation, [ 1 ] most often gamma radiation , [ 2 ] for a variety of purposes. Irradiators may be used for sterilizing medical and pharmaceutical supplies, preserving foodstuffs, alteration of g... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irradiation |
In mathematics , the irrational numbers are all the real numbers that are not rational numbers . That is, irrational numbers cannot be expressed as the ratio of two integers . When the ratio of lengths of two line segments is an irrational number, the line segments are also described as being incommensurable , meaning ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrational_number |
Irrationality is cognition , thinking, talking, or acting without rationality .
Irrationality often has a negative connotation, as thinking and actions that are less useful or more illogical than other more rational alternatives. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The concept of irrationality is especially important in Albert Ellis 's ratio... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrationality |
In mathematics , an irrationality measure of a real number x {\displaystyle x} is a measure of how "closely" it can be approximated by rationals .
If a function f ( t , λ ) {\displaystyle f(t,\lambda )} , defined for t , λ > 0 {\displaystyle t,\lambda >0} , takes positive real values and is strictly decreasing in both... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrationality_measure |
In mathematics, a sequence of positive integers a n is called an irrationality sequence if it has the property that for every sequence x n of positive integers, the sum of the series
exists (that is, it converges ) and is an irrational number . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The problem of characterizing irrationality sequences was pose... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irrationality_sequence |
In mathematics , the concept of irreducibility is used in several ways. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreducibility_(mathematics) |
An irreducible fraction (or fraction in lowest terms , simplest form or reduced fraction ) is a fraction in which the numerator and denominator are integers that have no other common divisors than 1 (and −1, when negative numbers are considered). [ 1 ] In other words, a fraction a / b is irreducible if and only if ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreducible_fraction |
In mathematics , an irreducible polynomial is, roughly speaking, a polynomial that cannot be factored into the product of two non-constant polynomials . The property of irreducibility depends on the nature of the coefficients that are accepted for the possible factors, that is, the ring to which the coefficients of the... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreducible_polynomial |
In mathematics , specifically in the representation theory of groups and algebras , an irreducible representation ( ρ , V ) {\displaystyle (\rho ,V)} or irrep of an algebraic structure A {\displaystyle A} is a nonzero representation that has no proper nontrivial subrepresentation ( ρ | W , W ) {\displaystyle (\rho |_{W... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreducible_representation |
The irregularity of distributions problem, stated first by Hugo Steinhaus , is a numerical problem with a surprising result. The problem is to find N numbers, x 1 , … , x N {\displaystyle x_{1},\ldots ,x_{N}} , all between 0 and 1, for which the following conditions hold:
Mathematically, we are looking for a sequence ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irregularity_of_distributions |
The irresistible force paradox (also unstoppable force paradox or shield and spear paradox ), is a classic paradox formulated as "What happens when an unstoppable force meets an immovable object?" The immovable object and the unstoppable force are both implicitly assumed to be indestructible, or else the question would... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irresistible_force_paradox |
Irreversible electroporation or IRE is a soft tissue ablation technique using short but strong electrical fields to create permanent and hence lethal nanopores in the cell membrane , to disrupt cellular homeostasis . The resulting cell death results from induced apoptosis or necrosis induced by either membrane disrupti... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreversible_electroporation |
In thermodynamics , an irreversible process is a process that cannot be undone. All complex natural processes are irreversible, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] although a phase transition at the coexistence temperature (e.g. melting of ice cubes in water) is well approximated as reversible.
A change in the thermodynamic state... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irreversible_process |
Irritation , in biology and physiology , is a state of inflammation or painful reaction to allergy or cell-lining damage. A stimulus or agent which induces the state of irritation is an irritant . Irritants are typically thought of as chemical agents (for example phenol and capsaicin ) but mechanical, thermal (heat), a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irritation |
Irssi ( Finnish pronunciation: [ˈirsːi] ( listen ) ) is an Internet Relay Chat (IRC) client program for Linux , FreeBSD , macOS and Microsoft Windows . It was originally written by Timo Sirainen , and released under the terms of the GNU GPL-2.0-or-later in January 1999. [ 1 ]
The program has a text-based user interfac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irssi |
IruSoft ( Arabic : آيروسوفت) is an insurance regulatory platform designated for licensing, supervision and inspection of the insurance sector within a country. The platform introduced unique supervision-technology (suptech) , insurance-technology (insurtech) and regulatory-technology (regtech) automated modules by whic... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IruSoft |
Irving Kaplansky (March 22, 1917 – June 25, 2006) was a mathematician , college professor , author , and amateur musician . [ 2 ]
Kaplansky or "Kap" as his friends and colleagues called him was born in Toronto , Ontario , Canada, to Polish-Jewish immigrants. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] His father worked as a tailor, and his mother ra... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Kaplansky |
The Irving Langmuir Prize in Chemical Physics is awarded annually, in even years by the American Chemical Society and in odd years by the American Physical Society . The award is meant to recognize and encourage outstanding interdisciplinary research in chemistry and physics , in the spirit of Irving Langmuir . A nomin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving_Langmuir_Award |
The Irving–Williams series refers to the relative stabilities of complexes formed by transition metals . In 1953 Harry Irving and Robert Williams observed that the stability of complexes formed by divalent first-row transition metal ions generally increase across the period to a maximum stability at copper: Mn(II) < Fe... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving–Williams_series |
Irwin Douglas "Tack" Kuntz is an important figure in the field of computer-aided drug design and molecular modeling . He is a pioneer in the development and conception of the area of study known as molecular docking . One of the first docking programs DOCK was developed in his group in 1982. [ 3 ] [ 4 ]
Tack receive... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irwin_"Tack"_Kuntz |
In the fields of toxicology and pathology , the Irwin screen is utilised to determine whether the subject(s) show adverse effects from a course of pharmaceutical treatment or environmental pollution . It is an observational methodology . [ 1 ]
Mice were first used systematically to determine a drug 's central nervous ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irwin_screen |
Irène Joliot-Curie ( French: [iʁɛn ʒɔljo kyʁi] ⓘ ; née Curie ; 12 September 1897 – 17 March 1956) was a French chemist and physicist who received the 1935 Nobel Prize in Chemistry with her husband, Frédéric Joliot-Curie , for their discovery of induced radioactivity . They were the second married couple , after her par... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irène_Joliot-Curie |
The Irène Joliot-Curie Prize is a French prize for women in science and technology, founded in 2001. It is awarded by the Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation , the Airbus Group corporate foundation, the French Academy of Sciences and the Academy of Technologies, it aims at rewarding women for their wo... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irène_Joliot-Curie_Prize |
The IsaKidd Technology is a copper electrorefining and electrowinning technology that was developed independently by Copper Refineries Proprietary Limited (“CRL”), a Townsville , Queensland , subsidiary of MIM Holdings Limited (which is now part of the Glencore group of companies), and at the Falconbridge Limited (“Fal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsaKidd_refining_technology |
IsaPlanner [ 1 ] is a proof planner for the interactive proof assistant , Isabelle . Originally developed by Lucas Dixon [ 2 ] as part of his PhD thesis at the University of Edinburgh , it is now maintained by members of the Mathematical Reasoning Group, in the School of Informatics at Edinburgh.
IsaPlanner is the lat... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsaPlanner |
Isaac B. Bersuker (Russian: Исаáк Бóрухович (Бори́сович) Берсýкер; born February 12, 1928) is a Romanian-born Soviet - Moldоvan -American theoretical physicist and quantum chemist whose principal research is in chemical physics , solid-state physics , and theoretical chemistry . Known for his "life-long years of experi... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_B._Bersuker |
Isaak Moiseevich Yaglom [ 1 ] ( Russian : Исаа́к Моисе́евич Ягло́м ; 6 March 1921 – 17 April 1988) [ 2 ] [ 3 ] was a Soviet mathematician and author of popular mathematics books, some with his twin Akiva Yaglom .
Yaglom received a Ph.D. from Moscow State University in 1945 as student of Veniamin Kagan . [ 4 ] As the a... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaak_Yaglom |
Isabella M. Gioia is an Italian astrophysicist. She is currently a Research Associate at INAF in Bologna, Italy .
While a visiting astronomer at the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy, she was a member of the Chandra Science Center. [ 1 ] As of 2012, she had been a member of the American Astronomical Society... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabella_M._Gioia |
Isadore Perlman (April 12, 1915 – August 3, 1991) was an American nuclear chemist noted for his research of Alpha particle decay . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] [ 4 ] The National Academy of Sciences called Perlman "a world leader on the systematics of alpha decay". [ 2 ] He was also recognized for his research of nuclear structur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isadore_Perlman |
Isaiah Shavitt ( Hebrew : ישעיהו שביט ) was a Polish-born Israeli and American theoretical chemist .
He was born Isaiah Kruk [ 1 ] on July 29, 1925, in Kutno , Poland but his family moved to what would become Israel in 1929. After undergraduate degrees in chemistry (1950) and chemical engineering (1951) from the Techn... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaiah_Shavitt |
The Isay reaction also known as Gabriel-Isay condensation is an organic reaction in which certain diaminopyrimidines are transformed into pterins by condensation with a 1,2-dicarbonyl compound, such as 2,3-butanedione . [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The reaction is named after Oskar Isay .
This chemical reaction article is a stub . You... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isay_reaction |
The IscR stability element is a conserved secondary structure found in the intergenic regions of iscRSUA polycistronic mRNA . This secondary structure prevents the degradation of the iscR mRNA .
The iscRSUA operon encodes for the proteins required in iron–sulfur cluster biosynthesis where the expression of this operon... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IscR_stability_element |
The ischemic (ischaemic) cascade is a series of biochemical reactions that are initiated in the brain and other aerobic tissues after seconds to minutes of ischemia (inadequate blood supply). [ 1 ] This is typically secondary to stroke , injury, or cardiac arrest due to heart attack . Most ischemic neurons that die do ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ischemic_cascade |
Ischemic cell death , or oncosis , is a form of accidental cell death. The process is characterized by an ATP depletion within the cell leading to impairment of ionic pumps, cell swelling, clearing of the cytosol , dilation of the endoplasmic reticulum and golgi apparatus , mitochondrial condensation, chromatin clumpin... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ischemic_cell_death |
The Ishango bone , discovered at the "Fisherman Settlement" of Ishango in the Democratic Republic of the Congo , is a bone tool and possible mathematical device that dates to the Upper Paleolithic era. [ 1 ] The curved bone is dark brown in color, about 10 centimeters in length, and features a sharp piece of quartz aff... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishango_bone |
Ishikawa's reagent is a fluorinating reagent used in organic chemistry. It is used to convert alcohols into alkyl fluorides and carboxylic acids into acyl fluorides . Aldehydes and ketones do not react with it. The reagent consists of a mixture of N , N -diethyl-(1,1,2,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl)amine and N , N -diethyl-( ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishikawa_reagent |
The Ishimori equation is a partial differential equation proposed by the Japanese mathematician Ishimori (1984) . Its interest is as the first example of a nonlinear spin-one field model in the plane that is integrable ( Sattinger, Tracy & Venakides 1991 , p. 78).
The Ishimori equation has the form
The Lax representa... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ishimori_equation |
The Ising model (or Lenz–Ising model ), named after the physicists Ernst Ising and Wilhelm Lenz , is a mathematical model of ferromagnetism in statistical mechanics . The model consists of discrete variables that represent magnetic dipole moments of atomic "spins" that can be in one of two states (+1 or −1). The spins ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ising_model |
Islam A. Siddiqui ( Hindi : इस्लाम सिद्दिक़ी ) is an Indian-American scientist, and government official, and lobbyist who served as the Chief Agricultural Negotiator in the Office of the United States Trade Representative . Prior to this, he was Vice President for Science and Regulatory Affairs at CropLife America , an... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam_A._Siddiqui |
The Islamic Association of Engineers ( Persian : انجمن اسلامی مهندسین , romanized : anǰoman-e eslāmī-ye mohandesīn ) is a civic [ 2 ] and professional association in Iran founded in 1957. [ 3 ]
The organization is a platform for Islamic modernist activists and a forum for debating key issues among them. It holds regul... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Association_of_Engineers |
Islamic Association of Engineers of Iran ( Persian : انجمن اسلامی مهندسان ایران , romanized : anǰoman-e eslāmī-ye mohandisān-e Īrān ) is an Iranian political party of engineers affiliated with the Council for Coordinating the Reforms Front . [ 3 ]
This article about an Iranian political party is a stub . You can help ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Association_of_Engineers_of_Iran |
The Islamic Society of Engineers (ISE) ( Persian : جامعهٔ اسلامی مهندسین , Jāme'-e eslāmī-ye mohandisīn ) is a principlist political organization of engineers in Iran . Formerly one of the parties aligned with the Combatant Clergy Association , [ 1 ] it is close to the Islamic Coalition Party , whose decisions it mostl... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_Society_of_Engineers |
Purity ( Arabic : طهارة , romanized : ṭahārah ) [ 1 ] is an essential aspect of Islam . It is the opposite of najāsa , the state of being ritually impure. It is achieved by first removing physical impurities (for example, urine) from the body, and then removing ritual impurity through wudu (usually) or ghusl .
The Qur... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_hygienical_jurisprudence |
Islamic toilet etiquette is a set of personal hygiene rules in Islam that concerns going to the toilet . This code of Islamic hygienical jurisprudence is called Qaḍāʾ al-Ḥāǧa ( Arabic : قضاء الحاجة ).
Personal hygiene is mentioned in a single verse of the Quran in the context of ritual purification from a minor source... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islamic_toilet_etiquette |
Island Conservation is a non-profit organization with the mission to "restore islands for nature and people worldwide" and has therefore focused its efforts on islands with species categorized as Critically Endangered and Endangered on the IUCN's Red List . [ 4 ] Working in partnership with local communities, governmen... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_Conservation |
Island ecology is the study of island organisms and their interactions with each other and the environment. Islands account for nearly 1/6 of earth’s total land area, [ 1 ] yet the ecology of island ecosystems is vastly different from that of mainland communities. Their isolation and high availability of empty niches... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_ecology |
Island gigantism , or insular gigantism , is a biological phenomenon in which the size of an animal species isolated on an island increases dramatically in comparison to its mainland relatives. Island gigantism is one aspect of the more general "island effect" or "Foster's rule" , which posits that when mainland animal... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_gigantism |
An island of inversion is a region of the chart of nuclides where isotopes have enhanced stability in a sea of mostly very unstable nuclei at the edge of the nuclear map. Each island contains isotopes with a non-standard ordering of single particle levels in the nuclear shell model . Such an area was first described in... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_of_inversion |
Foster's rule , also known as the island rule or the island effect , is an ecogeographical rule in evolutionary biology stating that members of a species get smaller or bigger depending on the resources available in the environment. For example, it is known that pygmy mammoths evolved from normal mammoths on small isla... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_rule |
Island syndrome describes the differences in morphology , ecology , physiology and behaviour of insular species compared to their continental counterparts. These differences evolve due to the different ecological pressures affecting insular species, including a paucity of large predators and herbivores as well as a con... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Island_syndrome |
In engineering, iso-elastic refers to a system of elastic and tensile parts (springs and pulleys) which are arranged in a configuration which isolates physical motion at one end in order to minimize or prevent similar motion from occurring at the other end.
This type of device must be able to maintain angular direction... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iso-elastic |
IsoBase is a database identifying functionally related proteins integrating sequence data and protein–protein interaction networks. [ 1 ]
This Biological database -related article is a stub . You can help Wikipedia by expanding it . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IsoBase |
Isoantibodies , formerly called alloantibodies , are antibodies produced by an individual against isoantigens produced by members of the same species . In the case of the species Homo sapiens , for example, there are a significant number of antigens that are different in every individual. When antigens from another ind... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoantibodies |
Isoaspartic acid ( isoaspartate , isoaspartyl , β-aspartate ) is an aspartic acid residue isomeric to the typical α peptide linkage. It is a β-amino acid, with the side chain carboxyl moved to the backbone. Such a change is caused by a chemical reaction in which the nitrogen atom on the N+1 following peptide bond (in b... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoaspartate |
The isoazimuth is the locus of the points on the Earth's surface whose initial orthodromic course with respect to a fixed point is constant. [ 1 ]
That is, if the initial orthodromic course Z from the starting point S to the fixed point X is 80 degrees , the associated isoazimuth is formed by all points whose initial ... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoazimuth |
Isobars are atoms ( nuclides ) of different chemical elements that have the same number of nucleons . Correspondingly, isobars differ in atomic number (or number of protons ) but have the same mass number . An example of a series of isobars is 40 S , 40 Cl , 40 Ar , 40 K , and 40 Ca . While the nuclei of these nuclides... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isobar_(nuclide) |
Isobornyl acetate is an organic compound consisting of the acetate ester or the terpenoid isoborneol . It is a colorless liquid with a pleasant pine -like scent , and it is produced on a multi-ton scale for this purpose. The compound is prepared by reaction of camphene with acetic acid in the presence of a strongly ac... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isobornyl_acetate |
This page provides supplementary chemical data on isobutane .
The handling of this chemical may incur notable safety precautions. It is highly recommend that you seek the Material Safety Datasheet ( MSDS ) for this chemical from a reliable source such as SIRI , and follow its directions.
Table data obtained from CRC... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isobutane_(data_page) |
Isobutyric anhydride is an organic compound with the formula ((CH 3 ) 2 CHCO) 2 O . It is an acyclic carboxylic anhydride of isobutyric acid . [ 2 ] It is classified as an organic acid anhydride , being derived from dehydration of isobutyric acid. It is a colorless liquid with a strong, pungent odor. [ 1 ] [ 3 ]
Isob... | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isobutyric_anhydride |
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